Chemsheets A2 1025 Reactions of Aromatics
Chemsheets A2 1025 Reactions of Aromatics
Chemsheets A2 1025 Reactions of Aromatics
Conditions 50C
Overall equation
+ HNO3 + H2O
Reaction of NO2
electrophile - H+
with benzene
Example 1 e.g. methylbenzene + conc HNO3 & conc H2SO4 at 50C to make 2-nitromethylbenzene
+ HNO3 + H2O
–
HNO3 + 2H2SO4 NO2 + 2HSO4 + H3O
+ +
electrophilic
substitution NO2
- H+
Example 3 e.g. 1,3-dimethylbenzene + conc HNO3 & conc H2SO4 at 50C to make 2-nitro-1,3-dimethylbenzene
Products Aromatic ketones – this reaction is extremely useful for adding C atoms to aromatic rings and
any reaction that adds C atoms onto the aromatic ring is very valuable in organic synthesis.
Overall equation
with an acyl
chloride + HCl
with an acid
anhydride
Reaction of
electrophile
- H+
with benzene
Regeneration –
AlCl4 + H AlCl3 + HCl
+
of catalyst
Reaction of
electrophile
with benzene - H+
_
Regeneration
of catalyst Cl3Al + H+ AlCl3
+ AlCl3 Cl3Al
- H+
electrophilic
substitution
Cl3Al + H+ AlCl3
Example 5
e.g. methylbenzene with propanoyl chloride and AlCl 3 to make
Example 7
e.g. 1,3-dimethylbenzene with ethanoic anhydride and AlCl3 to make