Assembling AC DCPower Supply
Assembling AC DCPower Supply
Assembling AC DCPower Supply
Page
Introduction......................................................................................................
Technical Terms..............................................................................................
Assessment Plan……………………………………………………………………….……..41
Observation Checklist……………………………………………………….………42
Observation and Questioning Checklist……………………………….………..43
Demonstration Checklist…………………………………………………….……..44
Written Report………………………………………………………………….……..45
Performance Test…………………………………………………………….……….46
References …………………………………………………………………………………….47
Acknowledgment …………………………………………………………………………….48
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
You have already some basic knowledge and skills covered in this module
because you have been working for some time, or have already completed
training in this area.
After completing this module, ask your teacher to assess your competence.
Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the
learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own pace.
In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant
information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have
more than one learning activity.
i
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II
INTRODUCTION:
This module consists of two (2) learning outcomes. Each learning outcome
contains learning activities supported by instructional sheets. Before you
perform the instructions, read the information sheets and answer the self-check
and activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your teacher that you have
acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular
learning outcome.
LO1. identify the parts and electronic components of AC-DC power supply;
and
LO2. assemble AC-DC power supply to the printed circuit board.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
PREREQUISITE:
ii
TECHNICAL TERMS
Bridge Rectifier. A circuit using four diodes that provides full wave rectifi-
cation. Converts AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage.
Full Wave Rectifier. The rectifier that makes use of full AC wave in both
Both positive and negative half cycles.
Regulated Power Supply. A power supply where the output voltage is not
affected by its loading factor.
Short Circuit. A very low resistance between two points in a circuit causing
excessive current.
iii
Program/Course: CONSUMER ELECTRONIC SERVICING NC II
Assessment Criteria
1
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
2
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
Outp Outp
3
1. Half-Wave Rectifier Circuit
One rectifier diode D1 and one load resistor R L are needed to
conduct one alteration in every cycle of small AC input.
4
Schematic Diagram of A Full-Wave Power Supply
First Conduction
The negative half-cycle will be going to conduct to the cathode of diode
D1, thru the RL and going to conduct to the cathode of diode D4 then Line-B. In
this case D1 and D4 are conducting.
Second Conduction
The positive half-cycle will be going to conduct to the anode of diode D2,
thru the RL and going to conduct to the anode of diode D3 then Line-B. In this
5
case D2 and D3 are conducting.
The filtering stage is one of the stages of the power supply which filters
the pulsating DC. Output of rectifier stage and make it a pure DC voltages. The
main function of the filter circuit is to increase the DC output and to smoothen
the pulsating DC.
Insufficient filtering
This can cause distortion.
(+)
Rectifier Filter
Stage Stage
(-)
Filter Stage
6
You can parallel as many electrolytic capacitors as you want. This will
increase the amount of capacitance causing good filtering effects to DC
output. This is used for high current applications. The only disadvantage is
that it will occupy a bigger space.
Placing additional
capacitor in the
output.
Filter Circuit
7
in series with the positive line takes up big space in mounting it in the
PC.
Front Panel
Rear Panel. It contains the fuse and
the AC line cord.
Rear Panel
The internal parts of the AC-DC Power Supply are shown in the figure below.
8
Internal Parts of an AC-DC Power Supply
Components Description
Alligator A special type of connector used to connect the power supply to
Clip
the electronic gadget.
Capacitor A capacitor acts as the filter. The one that removes ripples from
circuit
or damage
9
On-Off Used to switch on and off the circuit.
switch
Printed PCB – a conductive pattern formed on one or both sides of an
Circuit
Board insulating base by etching, plating or stamping.
Resistor A resistor restricts the flow of current (eg. to limit the current
a timing circuit.
SELF-CHECK 1.1
AC-DC Power Supply
10
2. What component do we need to use in a simple basic filtering stage?
3. Why is a bridge type rectifier the most expensive type rectifier stage?
4. What stage of the power supply step-down the high AC voltage to lower AC
voltage?
voltage?
8. What stage of the power supply smoothens the pulsating DC into pure DC
output voltages?
SELF-CHECK 1.2
I. Direction: Fill in the blank with the names of the parts indicated in the
diagram. (1-9). Write the answer in your test notebook.
_________2.
__________1.
_________3.
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_______4.
________7.
_________8.
________5.
________6.
_________9.
__________10. Based on the given circuit, what type of power supply is this?
12
board.
Assessment Criteria
1. Printed Circuit Board design and etching for AC-DC power supply are
prepared.
2. Electronic components are mounted and soldered at the appropriate
location on the Printed Circuit Board.
3. All auxiliary components, including the transformer are interconnected to
the Printed Circuit Board.
4. Assembled AC-DC power supply is tested and defects are corrected.
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
13
3. Compare your answers with the information sheet.
Self Check Key 2.1.
Mount and solder components in
4. If you missed some of the the PCB.
questions, go over the Information
Connect all the auxiliary
Sheet again.
components of an AC-DC Power
Supply.
5. Read the attached Operation Sheet Power on the AC-DC power
2.1 on mounting and soldering supply.
electronic components.
Prepare and design the Printed
Circuit Board.
6. Read the Information Sheet 2.2 Mount and solder electronic
on: components.
a. Interconnecting all auxiliary Test voltage.
components
b. Components including the
transformer interconnecting
all auxiliary Electronic
Components and Symbols of
AC-DC Power Supply
7. Perform the Job Sheet 2.1. Refer to the teacher’s
Assessment Check list 2.1 and
8. Do the assessment check list 2.1 2.2.
and 2.2.
Refer to the teacher’s
9. Read the Information sheet 2.3. Assessment Check list 2.3.
10. Perform the Job sheet 2.2. Refer to the teacher’s
Assessment Check list 2.4.
A printed circuit board (PCB) has components inserted into the hole and
soldered to form its circuit connection. Its main purpose is to reduce the space
and to troubleshoot easily when problem arises.
The printed circuit board (PCB) has conductors that are thin strip of copper,
usually bonded to a baseboard called substrate. There are two very common
substrate materials used in printed circuit, the phenolic and epoxy plastic.
14
Copper
Substrate
on
Printed Circuit Board
Printed Circuit Board Etching is where the excess copper is removed to leave
the individual tracks or traces as they are sometimes called. Buckets, bubble
tanks, and spray machines are tools to do different ways of etching but most
firms currently use high pressure conveyors spray equipment. Spray etching is
fast Ammoniacal etching solutions when sprayed can etch 55 microns of copper
a minute. Less than 40 seconds to etch a standard 1 oz, 35 micron circuit
board.
15
In PCB designing, we should not focus only on the size of the pathways
linking to the other component, but also on the types, kinds, and
characteristics of component. Here are the other design factors needed:
1. PCB size and shape. The PCB must be big enough for the entire
component to be mounted where it is anticipated.
2. Position of the Terminal. Input, output and supply voltage if possible
should be placed near the border for easier way during troubleshooting
or minor repair.
3. High Temperature Dissipation. Too much heat is the number one
problem of all components. Bigger space is needed so that heat sink
can be provided to the component. This will protect the component
from burning up.
4. Accessibility of Components. This component that is adjustable or
variable (example: potentiometer, trimmer resistor or capacitor) should
be placed near the border to make the troubleshooting or minor repair
easier.
5. Space for Bolt and Nut. The designer should place an allowance for
mounting the PCB with bolt and nut in securing the entire board to
the chassis.
6. Different Types of Circuit Should be Grouped according to its
Application. This will enhance the circuit operation and will prevent it
from distortion generated by other circuit. This is the reason why the
circuit of the power supply is far from the audio circuit.
SELF-CHECK 2.1
16
1. A board that is open with electronic components is mounted and
soldered.
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Conditions
The following resources are needed:
- Electronic tools and equipment
Soldering Iron
Desoldering tool
Screwdriver (Flat / and Philip)
Wire stripper / Utility knife
Pliers
Diagonal cutter
long nose plier
High grade magnifying glass with lamp
Cleaning brush
Soldering lead
Cleaning agent
Wires
Stranded
Solid
Pre-design Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)
Mini drill with drill bit ) with adaptor (+12VDC supply)
Sand paper
Metal polish or eraser
Ruler
AC-DC power supply kit (1.5 – 12 volts variable power supply)
Analog multi tester (voltmeter / VOM)
Capacitor Resistor
18
Four
Diodes ccc
Led
AC
Input
DC
Output
Hole for
Bolt & Nut
PCB Layout
Schematic Diagram
19
4. Consistency in Component. The components should be well arranged
in group.
20
Did you: YES NO
21
chemical reaction to the copper called ferric chloride, it liquefies the uncovered
surfaces of the designed copper clad board that creates a PCB.
Cover Surface
Copper Conductor
Substrate
Printed Circuit Board
Cover Surface
Copper
Conductor
1. Designed PCB
2. A bottle of the Ferric Chloride. (The quantity of bottle will depend upon
the area of the PCB).
3. Plastic Basin. It is the medium of ferric chloride
4. Popsicle sticks (2 pieces). It is used for hauling the designed PCB.
5. Old newspaper. It is placed under the plastic basin for the prevention of
accidental spill of chemical over the table.
6. Apron
7. Piece of Cloth
8. Plastic Varnish 1 bottle
9. Lacquer Thinner
10. Surgical Gloves
11. Knife or Cutter
22
Direction: Given the resources needed, perform the procedure in PCB Etching
to produce a PCB.
Conditions
- Soldering Iron
- Desoldering tool
- Screwdriver (Flat / and Philip)
- Wire stripper / Utility knife
- Pliers
Diagonal cutter
long nose plier
- High grade magnifying glass with lamp
- Cleaning brush
- Soldering lead 60/40
- Cleaning agent
- Wires
Stranded
Solid
- Pre-design Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
- Mini drill with drill bit (.9mm and 3mm ) with adaptor
(+12VDC supply)
- PCB copper foil cleaning agent (metal polish/Eraser )
- Pencil
- Ruler
- AC-DC power supply kit (1.5 – 12 volts variable power supply)
- Analog multi tester (voltmeter / VOM)
2. Wear your apron and surgical gloves in order to prevent accidental splash
of the solution on your clothes or on your skin.
23
Ferric
Plastic
4. Etch the PCB by immersing it in a basin filled with ferric chloride until
the uncovered part of the copper clad is totally etched.
Immerse PCB in
plastic basin filled
with ferric chloride
5. After 10 - 15 minutes, check the PCB if all the parts needed to be removed
are totally etched (using the two popsicle sticks in hauling). If not yet,
return it into the plastic basin filled with ferric chloride. After 3 – 5
minutes check it again.
6. Haul the PCB from the plastic basin and wash it in a free flowing water to
remove the remaining residue in the PCB.
PCB
basin
7. With a clean and dry piece of cloth, wipe the wet PCB.
24
8. Pour a little amount of lacquer thinner on a clean dry piece of cloth and
wipe the markings of the permanent marker pen in the copper clad. (Note:
9. Aided by bright light, inspect the PCB for possible hairline break or short.
or cutter. And if there is a break between the copper conductors, solder it.
light
PCB
10. Apply plastic varnish to the newly etched PCB to prevent corrosion
or rust, and let it dry before touching it.
25
Hairline Break
Hairline Short
PCB Etching
26
Direction: Encircle the number which will show how competent you have
applied the skill using the criteria below. Compute for the total result.
Direction: Encircle the number which shows how competent you have applied
the skills according to the criteria given below.
27
The evidence shows that you have performed Final
Points
the following: Score
1. Prepared Printed Circuit Board design and
etch AC-DC power supply .
2. Mounted and soldered electronic components
at the appropriate location on the Printed
Circuit Board.
3. Interconnected all auxiliary components
including the transformer on the Printed
Circuit Board.
TOTAL
28
Conditions
1. Loosen the chuck by using a long metal tool and change the drill
bit. This is done in a counter clockwise movement.
Drill Bit
Long Metal
Tool
Mini Drill
2. Insert the drill bit 1mm diameter in size and attach it to the chuck
of the unit.
3. Turn the long metal tool clockwise to tighten the jaw of the unit.
Be sure that the drill bit is well secured on the chuck.
4. Before inserting the 12 volts adaptor, you should turn off the unit.
5. Test the rotation of the unit if it is well aligned. If not, align it
following the steps no. 1 and 2.
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How to Use a Mini Drill?
To control the unit, hold the mini - drill at the lower part and firmly
position your arm. Then with the mini drill held perpendicularly to your
work surface, lightly press downward to the holes to be drilled in the PCB
but be sure that the PCB has a piece of wood under it to avoid damaging
the table. With practice, you will be able to get the procedure correctly.
Mini Drill
PCB
Piece of Wood
Boring Procedure
30
- Mini drill
- Designed PCB
3. Using the mini drill, bore hole perpendicularly to the surface of the
PCB.
4. Clean the surface of the PCB and look for open line or short circuit.
Boring
Note: You should read the following before and after performing the process.
Workmanship 55%
31
1. Tools were properly used according to its function. 25
2. PPE was observed completely while working. 25
3. Proper tools were used and PPE were observed while working. 5
Speed 5%
Finished task before time frame 5
Finished task within the time frame 4
Finished task 15 minutes after the time frame 3
Finished task 30 minutes after the time frame 2
Finished task 31 minutes and more 1
Housekeeping 5%
1. The whole area was cleaned after the assembly 5
2. The whole area was dirty after the assembly 1
Finished Design 35%
Finished design based from the given
schematic diagram 35
Finished design was correct but with access copper
clad on the finished design 30
Finished design was correct but with cut on the line 25
Finished design was with shorted line that will cause
a short circuit 10
Finished design was incorrect 2
Total 100%
Rating System
Score in Percent Descriptive Grade
95% - 100% Outstanding
80% - 94% Very Satisfactory
75% - 79% Satisfactory
74% and below Needs Improvement
Note: If you got 74 and below, you need to go over the procedures and ask
assistance from your classmates who passed this activity or from your
teacher.
32
Direction: Using the given tools, supplies and materials, mount the electronic
components to the PCB and perform soldering procedure to
assemble an AC-DC power supply project.
Conditions
33
Schematic Diagram of a Multi-Volts Unregulated Power Supply
- AC Plug with Cord is used for connecting the 220V input voltage of
the power supply.
- Power Switch is used to control the flow of 220VAC to the power
supply by turning off or on.
- Fuse Holder & Fuse is used to protect the unit from any sudden short
from the load or too much rising of power from the line source.
- Selector Switch is used to select the output voltage of the power
supply from 3V to 12V DC
- Selector Knob is a plastic holder of the selector switch.
- Indicator Lamp is used to show if there is a presence of power in the
circuit.
Neon Lamp is for 220V AC monitoring lamp.
Led is for output monitoring lamp
- Alligator Clips are used to connect the two-line output to the load.
Red clip for positive.
Black clip for negative
AC
Input
34
DC
Output
c
PCB LAYOUT
Procedure:
35
ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST FOR JOB SHEET 2.2
Direction: Encircle the number which will show how competent you have
applied the skill using the criteria given below. Compute for the total result.
36
ASSESSMENT PLAN
Evidence Checklist
Oral Questioning
Demonstration
Observation
Portfolio
Written
The evidence shows that the student can…
identify types of power supply
37
OBSERVATION CHECKLIST
Student’s name:
Teacher’s name:
Name of School
Competency
standards
Unit of
competency:
Instructions for the teacher:
1. Observe the student in Assembling AC-DC power supply
2. Describe the assessment activity and the dates when it will be undertaken
3. Place a tick in the box to show that the student has completed each aspect of
the activity according to the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of assessment
activity
Location of assessment
activity
The student has: If yes, tick the box
Identified types of power supply
38
OBSERVATION AND QUESTIONING CHECKLIST
Student’s name
Teacher’s name
Name of School
Competency
standards
Unit of
competency
Instructions for the teacher:
1. Observe the candidate in Assembling AC-DC power supply
2. Describe the assessment activity and the date when it will be undertaken.
3. Place a tick in the box to show that the student has completed each aspect of
the activity according to the standard expected in the enterprise.
4. Ask the student based on the questions in the list to confirm his/her
underpinning knowledge
5. Place a tick in the box to show that the student has answered the questions
correctly.
6. Complete the feedback sections of the form.
Date of observation
Description of assessment
activity
Location of assessment
activity
The student has If yes, tick the box
Identified types of power supply.
39
DEMONSTRATION
Student’s name:
Teacher’s name:
Unit of competency:
Competency standards:
Date of assessment:
Time of assessment:
Instructions for demonstration
Given the necessary materials the trainee/student must be able to:
40
WRITTEN REPORT
Student’s name:
Teacher’s name:
Name of School
Competency
standards
Unit of
competency:
Task:
Your task is to:
Assemble AC-DC power supply
Submission date:
Use the checklist below as the basis for judging whether the student’s
report has met the required competency standards.
The student’s report states that If yes, tick the box
The types of power supply were identified.
Student’s
Date:
signature:
Teacher’s
Date:
signature:
41
PERFORMANCE TEST
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
For acceptable achievement, all items should receive a Yes No N/A
"Yes" or "N/A" response.
Types of power supply were identified. o o o
Parts of AC-DC power supply were identified. o o o
Electronic components needed in assembling AC-DC power
supply were identified. o o o
Printed Circuit Board of an AC – DC power supply was prepared,
designed and etched. o o o
Electronic components were mounted and soldered at the
Appropriate location on the Printed Circuit Board
o o o
The PCB was interconnected with all the auxiliary components. o o o
All components were securely mounted at the chassis. o o o
All defects of an AC-DC power supply were corrected. o o o
42
REFERENCES
1. Tan, Michael Q., Gantalao, Fred T., Lasala, Rommel M. Simple Electronics;
2003
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Copyright Department of Education 2008
Technology Teachers:
Contextual Teacher:
Mrs. Daisy Carousel P. Cervantes
Don Alejandro Roces Sr. Science-Technology High School
Facilitators:
Encoders:
GIGI C. CORPUZ
Teacher III, Malvar National High School
Malvar, Batangas
ISMAEL G. GALLARDO
Teacher I, Community Vocational High School
Masipit, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
REYNALDO C. CUNANAN
Head Teacher VI, EARIST Voc. High School
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
GEORGE B. FUASO
Teacher II, Gen. Mariano Alvarez Technical High School
GMA, Cavite
RUFO G. MALLA
Teacher II, EARIST Voc. High School
Nagtaha, Sampaloc, Manila
Contextual Teachers:
English
TERESITA P. TANAEL
Teacher III, Gen. Mariano Alvarez High School
GMA, Cavite
CHARLIE I. SORIANO
Teacher I, Don Alejandro Roces, Sr. Science-Technology H.S.
Mathematics
Science
GEMMA G. VALLARTA
Teacher III, Science Coordinator
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School
San Pedro, Laguna
LENALYN N. MANZANO
Teacher I, Physics
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
Facilitators:
Encoder:
MARISOL E. SALDIVAR
Teacher I, Sta. Lucia High School
Pasig City