Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 50 views

    Group 2 (Rizal in Europe, The Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad)

    Uploaded by

    Judielyn M. Gentogao
    The Propaganda Movement was a late 19th century reform movement among young Filipino expatriates that called for reforms in the Spanish-controlled Philippines. It arose due to the lack of education for Filipinos under Spanish rule and the movement's leaders like Jose Rizal wrote novels highlighting this issue. While calling for reforms not independence, the movement's members were harshly repressed by Spanish authorities, with Rizal ultimately being executed, fueling nationalist sentiment and sparking the Philippine Revolution for independence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Group 2 (Rizal in Europe, The Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad)

    Uploaded by

    Judielyn M. Gentogao
    50 views3 pages
    The Propaganda Movement was a late 19th century reform movement among young Filipino expatriates that called for reforms in the Spanish-controlled Philippines. It arose due to the lack of education for Filipinos under Spanish rule and the movement's leaders like Jose Rizal wrote novels highlighting this issue. While calling for reforms not independence, the movement's members were harshly repressed by Spanish authorities, with Rizal ultimately being executed, fueling nationalist sentiment and sparking the Philippine Revolution for independence.

    Original Description:

    Rizal movements

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The Propaganda Movement was a late 19th century reform movement among young Filipino expatriates that called for reforms in the Spanish-controlled Philippines. It arose due to the lack of education for Filipinos under Spanish rule and the movement's leaders like Jose Rizal wrote novels highlighting this issue. While calling for reforms not independence, the movement's members were harshly repressed by Spanish authorities, with Rizal ultimately being executed, fueling nationalist sentiment and sparking the Philippine Revolution for independence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    50 views3 pages

    Group 2 (Rizal in Europe, The Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad)

    Uploaded by

    Judielyn M. Gentogao
    The Propaganda Movement was a late 19th century reform movement among young Filipino expatriates that called for reforms in the Spanish-controlled Philippines. It arose due to the lack of education for Filipinos under Spanish rule and the movement's leaders like Jose Rizal wrote novels highlighting this issue. While calling for reforms not independence, the movement's members were harshly repressed by Spanish authorities, with Rizal ultimately being executed, fueling nationalist sentiment and sparking the Philippine Revolution for independence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Propaganda Movement

    Filipino history

    By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

    Propaganda Movement, reform and national consciousness movement


    that arose among young Filipino expatriates in the late 19th century. Although
    its adherents expressed loyalty to the Spanish colonial government, Spanish
    authorities harshly repressed the movement and executed its most prominent
    member, José Rizal.

    Public education did not arrive in the Philippines until the 1860s, and even
    then the Roman Catholic Church controlled the curriculum. Because the
    Spanish friars made comparatively little effort to inculcate a knowledge
    of Castilian, less than one-fifth of those who went to school could read and
    write Spanish, and far fewer could speak it. The Filipino populace was thus
    kept apart from the colonial power that had been ruling it for more than three
    centuries. After the construction of the Suez Canal in 1869, sons of the wealthy
    were sent to Spain and other countries for study. At home and abroad, a
    growing sense of Filipino identity had begun to manifest, and in 1872 this
    burgeoning nationalism spawned an armed insurrection. About 200
    Filipino soldiers at the Cavite arsenal revolted, killed their officers, and
    shouted for independence. Plans for a similar demonstration in Manila failed.
    The rebellion was quickly suppressed and led to wholesale arrests, life
    imprisonment, and the execution of, among others, three Filipino priests,
    whose connection with the uprising was not satisfactorily explained.
    In 1888 Filipino expatriate journalist Graciano López Jaena founded the
    newspaper La Solidaridad in Barcelona. Throughout its course, La
    Solidaridad urged reforms in both religion and government in the Philippines,
    and it served as the voice of what became known as
    the Propaganda Movement. One of the foremost contributors to La
    Solidaridad was the precocious José Rizal y Mercado. Rizal wrote two political
    novels—Noli me tangere (1887; Touch Me Not) and El filibusterismo (1891; El
    filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed)—which had a wide impact in the
    Philippines. López Jaena, Rizal, and journalist Marcelo del Pilar emerged as
    the three leading figures of the Propaganda Movement, and magazines,
    poetry, and pamphleteering flourished. While López Jaena and Pilar remained
    abroad, in 1892 Rizal returned home and founded the Liga Filipina, a modest
    reform-minded society that was loyal to Spain and breathed no word of
    independence. As with the Cavite mutiny, the Spanish authorities overreacted
    to a perceived threat to their rule. They promptly arrested and exiled Rizal to a
    remote island in the south. Meanwhile, within the Philippines there had
    developed a firm commitment to independence among the somewhat less
    privileged class. Shocked by the arrest of Rizal, these activists formed
    the Katipunan under the leadership of Andres Bonifacio, a self-educated
    warehouseman. The Katipunan was dedicated to the expulsion of the Spanish
    from the islands, and preparations were made for armed revolt. There had
    been many Filipino rebels throughout the history of Spanish rule, but now for
    the first time they were inspired by nationalist ambitions and possessed the
    education needed to make success a real possibility.
    On August 26, 1896, Bonifacio issued the Grito de Balintawak (“the Cry of
    Balintawak”), calling for an armed uprising against the Spanish. The centre of
    the revolt was in Cavite province, where Filipino independence leader Emilio
    Aguinaldo first came into prominence. Spain sent reinforcements until there
    was an army of 28,000, along with a few loyal regiments of Filipino soldiers. A
    stiff campaign of 52 days brought about the defeat of the insurgents, but the
    Spanish once again endeavoured to work against their own interests. Although
    Rizal had no connection to the uprising or Katipunan, the Spanish military
    arrested him and, after a farcical trial, found him guilty of sedition. He was
    executed by a firing squad in Manila on December 30, 1896.

    The execution of Rizal breathed new life Into the insurrection, and the
    Philippine Revolution spread to the provinces of Pangasinan, Zambales, and
    Ilocos. With the destruction of the U.S. battleship Maine on February 15, 1898,
    in the harbour of Havana, Cuba, and the subsequent wave of public
    indignation, hostilities erupted between Spain and the United States. The
    exiled Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines on May 19 and announced
    renewal of the struggle with Spain. The Philippines declared independence
    from Spain on June 12 and proclaimed a provisional republic with Aguinaldo
    as president. With the conclusion of the Spanish-American War, the
    Philippines, along with Puerto Rico and Guam, were ceded by Spain to the
    U.S. by the Treaty of Paris, on December 10, 1898. The Filipino struggle for
    independence would continue through the Philippine-American War and
    would not be achieved until after World War II.
    References:

     https://www.britannica.com/topic/Propaganda-Movement

    You might also like