GRAMÁTICA B1 INGLES (libro academia)

1.1 QUESTIONS FORMS

Yes / No questions are questions that only require a Yes or No answer.

For questions in the present and past simple, put the auxiliary do / does / did
before the subject.
A: Does he live here? B: Yes, he does.
For questions with be, put be before the subject.
A: Is he married? B: No, he isn´t.
Wh- questions are questions which ask for more than a Yes / No answer. Use
the same word order as Yes / No questions.
Question Auxiliary do subject infinitive
word / does /did
Where does he live?
When do you see your
parents?
Why did they phone me?

Question be subject adj / noun / verb+ -

word ing, etc.
Why are you sad?

What is he doing?

Use who for people. Who is your boss?

Use where for places. Where is the bathroom?
Use what or which for things. What music do you like?
Which do you prefer, football or rugby?
Use when for time. When do you want to meet?
Use how often for frequency. How often do you go to English lessons?
Use how long for lenght of time / distance. How long does the lesson that?
Use how much / many for quantity.
How much does this cost? How many brothers do you have?
Use why for reasons. Why are you studying English?
Use what time for a time. What time do you start work?

NOTE:

Which has a limited number of possible answers.

Which do you want, the red or the blue jumper?
What has a large number of possible answers.
What music do you like?
1.2 PAST SIMPLE
Past Simple regular verbs
+ I / you / he / worked in a resturant?
- she/ it / we/
didn´t work
they
? Did work in a restaurant?

Past Simple irregular verbs

+ I / you / he / went out?
- she/ it / we/ didn´t go
they
? Did go out?

Use the past simple to talk about finished actions in the past.
In negatives and questions, use the auxiliary did + infinitive.
Do not use did in negatives and questions with the verb be.
I wasn´t very happy. NOT I didn´t be happy.
Spellings: regular past simple verbs
Verbs ending in: rule example
+ -ed Start- started
-e +-d Live- lived
-y - y + - i + - ed Marry- married

Consonant- vowel- Double the consonant Stop- stopped

consonant + -ed

From the past simple with regular verbs by adding -ed.

Many common verbs have an irregular past simple from.
Use the past simple to talk about finished actions in the past.

1.3 MAKING CONVERSATION

Making conversation Reponse
This is my friend (name). Hi (name). pleased to meet you.
Would you like a drink? I´d love a coffee, thank you.
Nice day, isn´t it? Yes, it´s lovely.
Where exactly do you come from? I come from …, near …
So, do you work here? No, I´m a student
Did you have a good weekend? Yes, it was OK. I didn´t do much.
Did you watch the match last night? Yes, it was terrible.
We lost 3 – 0. Oh no ! I´m sorry to hear that
I´ll see you later See you soon.
EJERCICIOS
1.1
A. Complete the questions. How many can you answer?

1. _____ states are there in the USA? 5. __ did the Berlin Wall come down?
2. _____ was the first person to walk 6. ___ is Lake Wanaka?
on the Moon? 7. ___ country is famous for samba?
3. _____ is the largest island in the 8. ____ long is the River Nile?
Mediterranean Sea?
4. _____is H2O?

B. Match questions 1-8 in Exercise 1.1A with answers a)- h).

a) Brazil e) 50
b) Neil Armstrong f) Water
c) 9 November 1989 g) 6,695 km
d) In New Zeland h) Sicily

C. Find and correct the mistakes. There is a mistake in each sentence.

1. How much this cost? 5. Who your new teacher is?
2. You have any brothers or sisters? 6. do you want you to come and have
3. What time starts the film? a pizza?
4. How often do you playing football? 7. Why don´t you liking grammar?
8. Where you go on holiday last year?
1.2
Ask (x2) – email- say- get (x2)- arrive- see- know- fall- decide
A. Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in the box. Use
the past simple.
A single father- of- two asked his American girlfriend to marry him only four
minutes after he _____ her for the first time.
Carl Dockings 36, from Wales, met Danielle on the internet.
We _____ on so well. We always _____ what the other was thinking. He said
they _____ and talked in chat rooms. They _____ in love even before
exchanging pictures.
After ten months, Carl _____ to fly 4,000 miles to meet Danielle in person. He
_____ the important question at Chicago´s O´Hare Airport after he _____.
The 26- year- old _____ `yes´ and the couple _____ married four months later.
They now live in his home city with their daughter Isabel.
B. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the past simple.
1. My grandfather _____ (teach) me 6. I ____ (live) in the USA, so we ___
how to paint. (not see) each other for six months.
2. Where _____ you ____ (grow up)?
 3. We _____ (meet) in Ireland last 7. ____ you ___ (enjoy) the concert
year. last night.
4. At the first we ____ (not get on) 8. They ____ (not have) children.
very well. 9. My sister ____ (finish) her degree
5. I _____ (leave) college and ____ last year.
(get) a job in an office. 10. She ____ (study) Russian.

1.3
A. Find and correct the mistakes. There is a mistake or missing word in
each sentence.
1. This is the my friend, Sara 4. Where exact do you come from?
2. Hi, Pleased to know you. 5. Did you have good weekend?
3. Do you like a drink? 6. I see you later.

2.1 PRESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

Present simple Present continuous

+ I work at home. I´m working at home.

He watches TV. He´s watching TV.
- She doesn´t study now. She isn´t studying now.
We don´t text in class We´re not texting in class.
? Does he live with you? Is he living with you?
Where do the workers have Where are the workers having
lunch? lunch?

Use the present simple to describe something that is always or generally true.
It is common to use these words with the present simple: sometimes, usually,
every day, often.
I usually get up at 7 a.m.
Use the present continuous to talk about:
• An activity happening right now, at the time of speaking.
• A temporary activity happening around now (maybe at the moment, but
maybe not).

Spelling with -ing forms

Verbs ending in: Rule Example
-e -e + -ing Take – taking
vowel + consonant Double the consonant + -ing Run- running
-ie -ie + -y Die- diying
-y + -ing Study- studying

Form the present continuous with the verb be + the – ing form of the verb.
It is continuous to use these words with the present continuous: now, at the
moment, currently, this month.
I´m living with my parents at the moment.
Some verbs are not usually used with continuous tenses: be, know, like, love,
understand, want, etc. these are called “state verbs”.
I want to go to bed now. NOT
I am wanting to go to the bed now.
2.2 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Use adverbs of frequency to say how frequently you do something. Some of the
most common are: never, rarely, occasionally, sometimes, often, usually,
always.
There are several adverbial phrases of frequency, e.g. hardly ever, once in a
while, every day / month / year.
With be, put the adverb after the verb.
I am always here.
They were usually early.
We usually put the adverb before other verbs.
I sometimes spoke to him.
We hardly ever ate there.
With auxiliary or model verbs, we usually put the adverb after the auxiliary or
modal
She doesn´t stay here. -> She doesn´t usually stay here.
We haven´t visited them. -> We have never visited them.
I can help -> I can always help.
Adverbs of frequency can also go at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence.
Occasionally I go dancing.
I occasionally go dancing.
I go dancing occasionally.
Always and never do not normally go at the beginning or end of the sentence.
Once in a while and every day / month / year usually go at the beginning or end
of sentence.
There are other phrases to show how frequently something happens:
Every day = one time a per day I have a shower every day.
Once a week = one time per week She writes to me once a week
Twice a week = two times per week They go shopping twice a week
2.3. EXPRESSING LIKES / DISLIKES
There are number of verbs and other phrases to show likes and dislikes. After
these verbs and phrases, we usually use the – ing from.
 Positive NOTE: We can also use like + infinitive.
Like + infinitive means “do as a habit” or
I like singing / meat
“choose to do”.
I absolutely love swimming / tennis
I like to go to bed early.
I´m keen on running / beach holidays

Negative

I can´t stand smoking/ computers NOTE: I don´t mind means “It´s OK

I don´t like working / rock music for me. I don´t like it or dislike it”.
I hate watching TV / films. I don´t mind sleeping on the
I´m not very keen on working / fruit floor.

EJERCICIOS
2.1
A. Complete the conversations with the correct form of the verbs in the
box. Use the present simple or present continuous.
Eat be wait know work wear play

1. A: It takes him ten minutes to get to work.

B: I know. His house _____ far from the office.
2. A: Isn´t your son an actor?
B: Yes, but at the moment he _____ in a restaurant
3. A: What is all that noise? I´m trying to work !
B: I _________ with the children
4. A: What _____ you ____ about the new software program?
B: The new software program ? Absolutely nothing.
5. A: Why _____ you ____ that jacket in the office? It´s really warm !
B: Because I´m cold !
6. A: Would you like some beef?
B: No thanks. I ______ meat. I´m a vegetarian.
7. A: Why are you standing there?
B: I ____________ for a taxi.
B. Find and the correct the mistakes. There is a mistake in five of the
sentences.
1. John works in sales and he is 5. I can´t speak Chinese, but my
going to the office every day at 8 p.m. friend teaches me.
2. The new employee says she´s 6. Excuse me, is anybody sitting
eighteen, but I´m not believing it. here?
3. At the moment, I´m doing a task for 7. I´m taking art classes this term.
my boss. 8. Hey ! What do you do with that
knife?
 4. Don´t buy a bottle of wine for her.
She isn´t drinking alcohol.

2.2
A. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1. I / dinner / at / weekend / cook / sometimes / the.
I sometimes cook dinner at the weekend.
2. once / I / while / go / in / swimming / a.
3. I / money / waste / never / my
4. Najim / often / tennis / play / doesn´t
5. Akiko and Toshi / evening / stay / usually / the / home / at / in
6. why / late / are / always / you?
7. I / work / Fridays / rarely / late / on
8. Mary / ever / hardly / deals / with / customers
9. occasionally / a / team / work / I / in
B. Underline the correct alternative.
1. Always / Usually / Hardly ever our IT consultant deals with theses problems;
it his job.
2. I get up early never / rarely / every day and go to work at 6 a.m.
3. You sometimes / every week / once in a while need to risk your life in this job.
4. We often / never / rarely each other- maybe once a year.
5. We occasionally / always / rarely work under pressure; we never have a
chance to relax.
6. Often / Hardly ever / Once in a while I speak to my boss- maybe once a
month
7. We have a summer party every year / always / never.
8. I deal with customers rarely / often / occasionally, but only if my boss is out.

2.3.
A. Complete the sentences with one word
1. I like ____ to music while I study. It helps me concentrate.
2. I ______ mind getting up early for my job. It´s no problem for me.
3. Stefania is keen ____ travelling so she´s studying tourism.
4. Lorenzo absolutely ___ dancing. He´s really good at samba.
6. I can´t ____ working at the weekend.
3.1 PRESENT CONTINUOUS / BE GOING TO FOR FUTURE
Present Continuous

+ I ´m spending the day with my grandmother on

Saturday
- We ´re not playing football this evening
? What are you doing at the weekend?
It is common to use the present continuous to talk about things happening now
or temporary situations. It is also possible to use the present continuous to talk
about definite future plans and arrangements.
It is common to use an expression of future time with the present continuous,
e.g. this weekend, tomorrow morning, later.

Be going to

+ I ´m going to take some time off work.

- They ´re not going to win.

? Is it going to Rain.

Use be going to + infinitive to talk about future plans and predictions.

Usually, we can use both the present continuous and be going to to talk about
plans.
I´m meeting my girlfriend later.
I´m going to meet my girlfriend later.
But there is a small difference:
- For plans which involve other people and have a fixed time and place, the
present continuous is more common.
We´re having a barbecue on Saturday. (We have invited people, bought food
and drink, etc.)
- For plans which do not involve other people, be going to is more common.
I´m going to stay in and read a book.
When be going to is followed by the verb go, it is possible to omit go to.
I´m going to (go to) the cinema.
3.2. QUESTIONS WITHOUT AUXILIARIES
subject verb answer
Who sent the present? David.
What causes this problem? The water pipes.
Whose guitar cost $ 300? Mine.
Which footballers played for that team? Beckham and Cloe.

When who, what, which or whose is the subject of the sentence, do not use an
auxiliary verb (do, did, etc.). the verb is in the third person.
Who ate all the pies? Joe ate all the pies.
Which students forgot their homework? Be and Meg forgot their
homework.
When who, what, which or whose is the object of the sentence, use an auxiliary
verb as usual.
What do you do? I work in a bank.
Whose book did you use? I used Tom´s book.

3.3. MAKING A PHONE CALL

Caller
start the call Hello, this is Andy
Hello, it´s Wendy. (NOT I am Wendy)
ask to speak to someone Can I speak to ….?
when the person you want isn´t
there Can I leave a message?
finish the call See you soon. Goodbye

Receiver
Start the call Hello.
Paul speaking *
Find out who is speaking Who´s calling (please)?
When the person the caller wants I´m afraid she´s not there at the
isn´t there moment.
Can I take a message?
I´ll ask her to call you back.
Finish the call Thanks for calling

* We say this when we answer the phone at work.

EJERCICIOS
3.1
A. Match prompts 1-4 with pictures A-D.
1. play / football
2. stay home / watch TV
3. go / cinema
4. have / meeting
B. Look at the pictures and make sentences with the prompts. Use the
present continuous