College of Teacher Education

For Semester, A.Y. 2022-2023

INTRODUCTION
The school is the Place or an institution where a person obtained training as regards to his/her character building,
personality development and ultimately professional career.

DATE AND TIME ALLOTMENT

I. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

II. LECTURE
School as an Institution
Considering the time that a student stays at the school whereby the minimum is thirteen (13) years from elementary
to high school with the implementation of “K – 12 program” plus another four (4) years of Bachelor’s degree or the
total of seventeen (17) years, and considering further that these years are spent during the formative years of the
student concerned, thus it is but natural for him to acquire most of his values in life from the school, taking into
consideration even more the influence of his peers.
School Curriculum
The impact, however of the school as an institution in the values formation of every one largely depends upon the
school curriculum which prescribes the subjects to be taken. Indeed, the school curriculum determines the values
which most of the students obtained as the product of the said institution.
Hence, if we want to inject certain values upon our youth, the same must be integrated into the school curriculum
being the most effective means for purpose.
Ethical Aspect
Thereby, every curriculum must be judged as to whether the same is good or bad according to its end result in terms
of the school products whereby the same have brought or not an improvement to their lives as well as to the lives of
other people.

Filipino – oriented
The school curriculum that must be adopted should be one that gives emphasis on Filipinism. The one that is geared
towards political independence especially in our foreign policy, particularly from the influence of the United States of
America (USA), and more so, a school curriculum that given emphasis on the Philippine economic development that
is anchored on Agri – industrial technology, ours being an agricultural country.
Legal Aspect
The school curriculum however, is a matter of legislation. That means that our educational system is closely
regulated by pertinent laws. Hence, we cannot offer anything outside the curriculum that is prescribed by law. For this
reason, we ought to know the laws being the core of the school values that every student and school personnel must
acquire in order to harmonize our characters with what we learn and believe in within the school premises.
Constitutional Provisions on Education
Quality Education
Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take
appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.
Section 2. The State shall:
(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs
of the people and society;
(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting
the natural right of parents to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age;
(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives
which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged;
(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-
of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs; and
(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and other
skills.
Patriotism
1. All educational institutions shall include the study of the Constitution as part of the curricula;
2. They shall inculcate patriotism, respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the
historical development of the country, teach and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values,
develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific
and technological knowledge and promote vocational efficiency;
3. At the option expresses in writing by the parents or guardians, religion shall be allowed to be taught to their
children or wards in public elementary and high schools within the regular class hours by instructors
designated or approved by the religious authorities of the religion to which the children or wards belong,
without additional cost to the government (Sec.3, Art. XIV).

Educational Institution
1. Section 4. (1) The State recognizes the complementary roles of public and private institutions in the
educational system and shall exercise reasonable supervision and regulation of all educational institutions.
2. (2) Educational institutions, other than those established by religious groups and mission boards, shall be
owned solely by citizens of the Philippines or corporations or associations at least sixty per centum of the
capital of which is owned by such citizens. The Congress may, however, require increased Filipino equity
participation in all educational institutions.
3. The control and administration of educational institutions shall be vested in citizens of the Philippines.
4. No educational institution shall be established exclusively for aliens and no group of aliens shall comprise
more than one-third of the enrollment in any school. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to
schools established for foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents and, unless otherwise provided
by law, for other foreign temporary residents.
5. (3) All revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit educational institutions used actually, directly, and
exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from taxes and duties. Upon the dissolution or
cessation of the corporate existence of such institutions, their assets shall be disposed of in the manner
provided by law.
6. Proprietary educational institutions, including those cooperatively owned, may likewise be entitled to such
exemptions, subject to the limitations provided by law, including restrictions on dividends and provisions for
reinvestment.
7. (4) Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants, endowments, donations, or contributions used
actually, directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from tax.
ACADEMIC FREEDOM
Section 5. (1) the State shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and conditions and shall
encourage local planning in the development of educational policies and programs.
(2) Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher learning.
(3) Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair, reasonable, and
equitable admission and academic requirements.
(4) The State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional advancement. Non-teaching academic and
non-academic personnel shall enjoy the protection of the State.
 (5) The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching will attract
and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of
job satisfaction and fulfillment.
LANGUAGE
Section 6. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further developed and
enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.
Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate
and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the
educational system.
Section 7. For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and,
until otherwise provided by law, English.
The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of
instruction therein.
Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
Section 8. This Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and English and shall be translated into major regional
languages, Arabic, and Spanish.
Section 9. The Congress shall establish a national language commission composed of representatives of various
regions and disciplines which shall undertake, coordinate, and promote researches for the development, propagation,
and preservation of Filipino and other languages.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Section 10. Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. The State shall give priority
to research and development, invention, innovation, and their utilization; and to science and technology education,
training, and services. It shall support indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and technological
capabilities, and their application to the country’s productive systems and national life.
Section 11. The Congress may provide for incentives, including tax deductions, to encourage private participation in
programs of basic and applied scientific research. Scholarships, grants-in-aid, or other forms of incentives shall be
provided to deserving science students, researchers, scientists, inventors, technologists, and specially gifted citizens.
Section 12. The State shall regulate the transfer and promote the adaptation of technology from all sources for the
national benefit. It shall encourage the widest participation of private groups, local governments, and community-
based organizations in the generation and utilization of science and technology.
Section 13. The State shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors, artists, and other gifted
citizens to their intellectual property and creations, particularly when beneficial to the people, for such period as may
be provided by law.
ARTS AND CULTURE
Section 14. The State shall foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a Filipino national culture
based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression.
Section 15. Arts and letters shall enjoy the patronage of the State. The State shall conserve, promote, and popularize
the nation’s historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as artistic creations.
Section 16. All the country’s artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the nation and shall be
under the protection of the State which may regulate its disposition.
Section 17. The State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to preserve
and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions. It shall consider these rights in the formulation of national plans
and policies.
Section 18. (1) The State shall ensure equal access to cultural opportunities through the educational system, public
or private cultural entities, scholarships, grants and other incentives, and community cultural centers, and other public
venues.
(2) The State shall encourage and support researches and studies on the arts and culture.
SPORTS
Section 19. (1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions,
and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and
excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.
(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with
athletic clubs and other sectors.
V. OTHERS REFERENCES:
Section 1, Article XIV, Section 3, Article XIV, Section 4, Article XIV, Section 5, Article XIV, Section 6, Article XIV,
Section 7, Article XIV, Section 8, Article XIV, Section 9, Article XIV & Section 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 16, 17 and 18 of
Article XIV.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-
the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiv/

Prepared by:

ARRA JOYCE M. OFICIAR

Checked by:

RAYMOND N. CLARO, PhD.