Education System in Ancient India: by Balveer Godara Fydivb Snap Id

Education system in ancient india
By Balveer Godara
FY DIV B
SNAP ID :
Introduction
System of education in India is always an important part of the society. It
prevails from ancient time to modern time. History of education shows
different types of education in different period of time. Basically, in the
ancient, travellers from various regions having different sets of cultures and
climate started to visit parts of India. To these peoples, India was a land of
wonder. You must hear about the wide spread fame of India in the field of
culture, wealth, religions, philosophies, art, architecture. Italso practices far
and wide. The system of education in ancient time is considered asa source for
practices, tradition and Knowledge which guided and promote humanity . In
ancient India, both formal and informal ways of education system existed.
Indigenous education was imparted at home, in temples, pathshalas, tols,
chatuspadis and gurukuls. There were people in homes, villages and temples
who guided young children in imbibing pious ways of life. Temples were also
the centres of learning and took interest in the promotion of knowledge of our
ancient system. Students went to viharas and universities for higher
knowledge. Teaching was largely oral and students remembered and
meditated upon what was taught in the class.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE : To analyze the nature of education taught in ancient
India .
To study various methods of education
To study how ancient education was overall development of mind and body
ANALYISIS : 1. Source of education : Vedas, Brahmanas, Upanishads and
Dharmasutras was the education in ancient time. Patanjali, Katyayana, Panini
and Aryabhata were the famous scholars of that time. Their writing and the
medical treatments of Charaka and Sushruta were also some of the source of
learning in ancient time. Sushruta that means learning discipleand Kavyas that
means imaginative and creative literature, there were distinction drawn
between in both of them. There was various source of discipline such as
Itihasthat refers to history, Anvisksiki which means logic, Mimamsa which
means interpretation, Shilpashastra which means architecture, Arthashastra
which means polity, Varta which refers to agriculture, trade, commerce and
husbandry, and Dhanurvidya which means archery. Physical training was also
considered as important curricular area and pupils were participates in games,
recreational and activities that called as krid
2. Gurukul System
In the Vedic period, education of a child began at the age of 4. Initially, the
child’s parent performed a yagna and gave offering to goddess Sarawati for the
future success in his study. Ones the boy attained certain age that generally is
8 years, Upanayanam or the thread ceremony was performed to him.
Upanayana was a ritual performed before the began of new phase in the life of
the boy in which boy leaves his childhood and take next step become a man.
Later he stayed to his Guru house for his higher study. Guru house was known
as Gurukul. In the Ancient time, the relationship between Guru and his shishya
considered as a scared and important to carry on their education .In Vedic
period, there was no system of examination. Education was a continued
process. Samavartana was conducted to test the knowledge of pupils in front
of many other guru’s and public viewers. During their education period, the
student was also learned all household activities and other important stuffs
were taught to them. There were mainly three steps of instruction given to
students Sravana, Manana, and Niddhyasana. Sravana was listening to the
words taught by their guru. Manana was to think about the topic that taught.
And Niddhyasana was the reflection of the teachings.
3. Viharas and Universities : The account given by the Xuan Zang and I-Qing in
the Jataka tales and other sources that us about the active role of king and
society in promoting education. Thisleads to emergence of many famous
centres for higher studies. Among them, most famous education centres were:
Takshashila, Nalanda, Valabhi, Vikramshila, Odantapuri and Jagaddala. These
types of universities expanded in connection with viharas (early type of
Buddhist monastery). There were other university which developed with the
connection of temples at Benaras, Navadeep and Kanchi. These university
served to the needs of students who wanted to pursue advanced level
education. These students joined these universities, and test and increase their
knowledge by debates and mutual discussion with renowned scholar. There
was also some event conducted by the kings in which these scholars took
participate in event. They would meet, debate and exchange their views. These
universities considered as world best centres to learn and enhance their skills.
4.Relationship between Teachers and Pupils
In ancient time, there was great importance attached to the teacher. The
development and success depended on both teacher as well as his pupils. In
Indian concept, the teacher supposed to consider the spiritual as well as
intellectual father of the taught. Without the help of the teacher, education
wasn’t possible. He guided his pupil as a Guru and help them to choose correct
path. The work of the teacher was to lead student out of ignorance and bring
knowledge to them. A Guru gave them time and care like a parent. The
relationship between teacher and student considered as holy in the eye of the
society. There was no financial relationship between teacher and pupil. In
other religion, equally importance of the given to the teacher such as
Buddhism and Jainism. Teacher had the duty to propagate his knowledge and
cultural heritage through his pupil. It was some kind of social obligation for . 5
5. Role of the Community
In ancient time, people considered knowledge as a sacred thing and there was
no fee charge on it. Contribution in education were regarded as the highest
form of consideration. Donations were given by all society members. Donation
was always not only given in monetary form but also in different forms such as
wheat, cloths, land, etc. Basically, the financial support was given by the rich
merchants, wealthy parents and other people of society. Universities received
gifts in the form of land, building etc. Valabhi, Vikramshila and Jagaddala were
also have the culture of free education for students.him. His intention was to
handover cultural teaching to younger generation.
7. Conclusion
In the ancient time, mechanism of teaching leads to overall development of a
student’s minds and body. Education was not limited to classroom but outdoor
training also given to them. The Gurukul system in ancient time was the best
example of overall training. At that time, higher institutes in India were well
known for their education system and were known to whole world. There was
no one left who seek for knowledge because of their financial background. A
talented students got lots of opportunities to prove himself. In that time,
specific relevance given to the scholar. There back fall was that there was no
printed culture at that time. So accessed to the books were not to everyone in
the society. That why, relevance to oral teaching was given. Other than this,
ancient education system was well suited for a student. There was no
examination system at that time. Knowledge was tested by the debate and
discussion. Overall structure of education in ancient time was very satisfactory
and ethical and considered good at that point of time.
References: 1. Ancient Education System of India, NCERT, New Delhi, March

2008,available at https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/heih111.pdf
2. Education in Ancient India, india-a2z, available
3. Yadav, Urmila, A Comparative Study of Ancient & Present Education System,
researchgate
4. Explanation of Taxila University and the Role of the Teacher, yaclass,
https://www.yaclass.in/p/english-language-cbse/class-8/supplementary-
2960/ancient-education-system-of-india-11797/re-7c91095d-36fb-4e74-8566-
cf701bc58176
5. Ancient Universities in India, aicte-india, available at https://www.aicte-
india.org/downloads/ancient.pdf
6. Kashyup, Diksha, Teacher-pupil relationship in Ancient India,
yourarticlelibrary, available at:
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/indian-education/teacher-
pupil-relation-in-ancient-india/63493
7angesh M. Ghonge, Rohit Bag and Aniket Singh, Indian Education: Ancient,
Medieval and Modern, intechopen,
: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/7329

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References: 1. Ancient Education System of India, NCERT, New Delhi, March

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