OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
V100R003C03
Issue 01
Date 2011-10-30
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: [email protected]
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Intended Audience
This document describes how to commission the OptiX RTN 950, including preparations before
commissioning, site commissioning, and system commissioning.
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Symbol Description
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains
all updates made in previous issues.
Contents
3 Commissioning Preparations....................................................................................................26
3.1 Commissioning Process....................................................................................................................................27
3.1.1 Site Commissioning Process...................................................................................................................27
3.1.2 System Commissioning Process..............................................................................................................29
3.2 Determining the Commissioning Method........................................................................................................30
3.3 Preparing Documents and Tools.......................................................................................................................31
3.4 Checking Commissioning Conditions..............................................................................................................33
3.4.1 Site Commissioning.................................................................................................................................33
3.4.2 System Commissioning...........................................................................................................................33
4 Site Commissioning....................................................................................................................34
4.1 Powering On the Equipment.............................................................................................................................35
4.2 Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the Web LCT......................................................................37
4.2.1 Connecting the Web LCT to the IDU......................................................................................................46
4.2.2 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method.............................................................................................48
4.2.3 Logging In to an NE................................................................................................................................51
4.2.4 Changing the NE ID................................................................................................................................52
4.2.5 Changing the NE Name...........................................................................................................................53
4.2.6 Setting NE Communication Parameters..................................................................................................54
4.2.7 Configuring Logical Boards....................................................................................................................55
4.2.8 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group......................................................................................................56
4.2.9 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link...........................................................................58
4.2.10 Creating an XPIC Workgroup...............................................................................................................59
4.2.11 Setting the Hybrid/AM Attributes of the XPIC Workgroup.................................................................60
4.2.12 Synchronizing NE Time........................................................................................................................61
4.2.13 Configuring the Orderwire....................................................................................................................62
4.2.14 Checking Alarms...................................................................................................................................63
4.3 Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the Handheld Tool..............................................................64
4.3.1 Connecting the Handheld Tool to the IDU..............................................................................................64
4.3.2 Setting NE Attributes...............................................................................................................................66
4.3.3 Configuring a Radio Link........................................................................................................................68
4.3.4 Checking Alarms.....................................................................................................................................72
4.4 Testing Connectivity of Cables........................................................................................................................73
4.4.1 Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables by Using the Web LCT...................................................................73
4.4.2 Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables by Using the Handheld Tool...........................................................74
4.4.3 Testing Connectivity of Network Cables................................................................................................76
4.4.4 Checking Fiber Jumper Connection........................................................................................................77
4.5 Aligning the Antennas......................................................................................................................................79
4.5.1 Main Lobe and Side Lobes......................................................................................................................79
4.5.2 Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas.......................................................................................................82
4.5.3 Aligning Dual-Polarized Antennas..........................................................................................................85
4.6 Checking the Status of Radio Links.................................................................................................................88
4.7 Querying the DCN Status.................................................................................................................................89
5 System Commissioning..............................................................................................................90
5.1 Configuring Networkwide Service Data..........................................................................................................92
5.1.1 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method.............................................................................................92
5.1.2 Changing the NE ID................................................................................................................................94
5.1.3 Changing the NE Name...........................................................................................................................95
5.1.4 Setting NE Communication Parameters..................................................................................................95
5.1.5 Configuring the Logical Board................................................................................................................96
5.1.6 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group......................................................................................................97
5.1.7 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link...........................................................................99
A Parameters Description...........................................................................................................158
A.1 Parameter Description: NE Searching...........................................................................................................160
A.2 Parameter Description: Login to an NE.........................................................................................................164
A.3 Parameter Description: NE Attribute_NE ID Change...................................................................................164
A.4 Parameter Description: Attribute_Changing NE IDs....................................................................................165
A.5 Parameter Description: NE Communication Parameter Setting....................................................................166
A.6 Parameter Description: Link Configuration_XPIC Workgroup_Creation....................................................168
A.7 Parameter Description: Link Configuration_XPIC.......................................................................................173
A.8 Parameter Description: Link Configuration_IF 1+1 Protection....................................................................180
A.9 Parameter Description: IF 1+1 Protection_Create.........................................................................................183
B Glossary......................................................................................................................................209
B.1 0-9..................................................................................................................................................................210
B.2 A-E.................................................................................................................................................................210
B.3 F-J..................................................................................................................................................................219
B.4 K-O................................................................................................................................................................224
B.5 P-T..................................................................................................................................................................230
B.6 U-Z.................................................................................................................................................................239
1 Safety Precautions
This topic describes the safety precautions that you must follow when installing, operating, and
maintaining Huawei devices.
Grounding Requirements
The grounding requirements are applicable to the device that needs to be grounded.
l When installing the device, always connect the grounding facilities first. When removing
the device, always disconnect the grounding facilities last.
l Ensure that the grounding conductor is intact.
l Do not operate the device in the absence of a suitably installed grounding conductor.
l The device must be connected to the PGND permanently. Before operating the device,
check the electrical connections of the device, and ensure that the device is properly
grounded.
Human Safety
l When there is a risk of a lightning strike, do not operate the fixed terminal or touch the
cables.
l When there is risk of a lightning strike, unplug the AC power connector. Do not use the
fixed terminal or touch the terminal or antenna connector.
NOTE
The preceding requirements apply to wireless fixed station terminals.
l To avoid electric shocks, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits to
telephone-network voltage (TNV) circuits.
l Do not look into optical ports without eye protection. Otherwise, human eyes may be hurt
by laser beams.
l Before operating the device, wear an ESD protective coat, ESD gloves, and an ESD wrist
strap. In addition, you need to get off the conductive objects, such as jewelry and watches,
to prevent electric shock and burn.
l In case of fire, escape from the building or site where the device is located and press the
fire alarm bell or dial the telephone number for fire alarms. Do not enter the burning building
again in any situation.
Device Safety
l Before any operation, install the device firmly on the ground or other rigid objects, such as
on a wall or in a rack.
l When the system is working, ensure that the ventilation hole is not blocked.
l When installing the front panel, use a tool to tighten the screws firmly, if required.
l After installing the device, clean up the packing materials.
Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 950
Symbol Indication
Symbol Indication
A notice with this symbol indicates that the air filter should
ATTENTION 警告 be cleaned periodically.
CLEAN PERIODICALLY定期清洗
High Voltage
DANGER
l A high-voltage power supply provides power for device operations. Direct human contact
with the high voltage power supply or human contact through damp objects can be fatal.
l Unspecified or unauthorized high voltage operations could result in fire or electric shock, or
both.
Thunderstorm
The requirements apply only to wireless base stations or devices with antennas and feeders.
DANGER
Do not perform operations on high voltage, AC power, towers, or backstays in stormy weather
conditions.
WARNING
Before powering on a device, ground the device. Otherwise, the safety of humans and the device
cannot be ensured.
If a high leakage current mark is labeled near the power connector of the device, you must
connect the PGND terminal on the shell to the ground before connecting the device to an A/C
input power supply. This is to prevent the electric shock caused by leakage current of the device.
Power Cables
DANGER
Do not install or remove the power cable with a live line. Transient contact between the core of
the power cable and the conductor may generate electric arc or spark, which may cause fire or
eye injury.
l Before installing or removing power cables, you must power off the device.
l Before connecting a power cable, you must ensure that the label on the power cable is
correct.
DANGER
Installing or removing a device is prohibited if the device is on.
DANGER
Do not install or remove the power cables of the equipment when it is powered on.
Short Circuits
When installing and maintaining devices, place and use the associated tools and instruments in
accordance with regulations to avoid short-circuits caused by metal objects.
CAUTION
To avoid short-circuits when using a tool (such as a screwdriver), do not place the tool on the
ventilation plate of the subrack.
CAUTION
Prevent any screws from dropping into the subrack or chassis to avoid short-circuits.
Fuse
WARNING
If the fuse on a device blows, replace the fuse with a fuse of the same type and specifications to
ensure safe operation of the device.
Electrostatic Discharge
CAUTION
The static electricity generated by the human body may damage the electrostatic sensitive
components on the board, such as the large-scale integrated circuit (LSI).
l The human body can generate static electromagnetic fields in the following situations:
physical movement, clothing friction, friction between shoes and the ground, plastics in
the hand. Such static electromagnetic effects can remain for an appreciable time.
l Before operating a device, circuit boards, or ASICs, wear an ESD wrist strap that is properly
grounded. The ESD wrist strap can prevent the electrostatic-sensitive components from
being damaged by the static electricity in the human body.
Figure 1-1 shows the method of wearing an ESD wrist strap.
DANGER
Do not place or operate devices in an environment of flammable or explosive air or gas.
DANGER
Before operating a storage battery, you must read the safety precautions carefully and be familiar
with the method of connecting a storage battery.
l Incorrect operations of storage batteries cause hazards. During operation, prevent any short-
circuit, and prevent the electrolyte from overflowing or leakage.
l If the electrolyte overflows, it causes potential hazards to the device. The electrolyte may
corrode metal parts and the circuit boards, and ultimately damage the circuit boards.
l A storage battery contains a great deal of energy. Misoperations may cause a short-circuit,
which leads to human injuries.
Basic Precautions
To ensure safety, note the following points before installing or maintaining the storage battery:
Short-Circuit
DANGER
A battery short-circuit may cause human injuries. Although the voltage of an ordinary battery
is low, the instantaneous high current caused by a short-circuit emits a great deal of energy.
Avoid any short-circuit of batteries caused by metal objects. If possible, disconnect the working
battery before performing other operations.
Hazardous Gas
CAUTION
Do not use any unsealed lead-acid storage battery. Lay a storage battery horizontally and fix it
properly to prevent the battery from emitting flammable gas, which may cause fire or device
erosion.
Working lead-acid storage batteries emit flammable gas. Therefore, ventilation and fireproofing
measures must be taken at the sites where lead-acid storage batteries are placed.
Battery Temperature
CAUTION
If a battery overheats, the battery may be deformed or damaged, and the electrolyte may
overflow.
When the temperature of the battery is higher than 60°C, you need to check whether the
electrolyte overflows. If the electrolyte overflows, take appropriate measures immediately.
Battery Leakage
CAUTION
In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up appropriately.
When handling a leaky battery, protect against the possible damage caused by the acid. When
you find the electrolyte leaks, you can use the following substances to counteract and absorb the
leaking electrolyte:
In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up as recommended by
the battery manufacturer and any local regulations for acid disposal.
If a person contacts battery electrolyte, clean the skin that contacts the battery electrolyte
immediately by using water. In case of a severe situation, the person must be sent to a hospital
immediately.
1.6 Radiation
This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.
DANGER
When installing or maintaining an optical interface board or optical fibers, avoid direct eye
exposure to the laser beams launched from the optical interface board or fiber connectors. The
laser beam can cause damage to your eyes.
CAUTION
If fiber connectors or flanges are contaminated, optical power commissioning is seriously
affected. Therefore, the two endfaces and flange of every external fiber must be cleaned before
the fiber is led into the equipment through the ODF for being inserted into an optical interface
on the equipment.
The fiber connectors and optical interfaces of the lasers must be cleaned with the following
special cleaning tools and materials:
l Special cleaning solvent: It is preferred to use isoamylol. Propyl alcohol, however, can also
be used. It is prohibited that you use alcohol and formalin.
l Non-woven lens tissue
l Special compressed gas
l Cotton stick (medical cotton or long fiber cotton)
l Special cleaning roll, used with the recommended cleaning solvent
l Special magnifier for fiber connectors
For cleaning steps, see Task Collection "Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Adapters" in the OptiX
RTN 950 Radio Transmission System Maintenance and Troubleshooting.
Figure 1-2 shows a slanting optical interface, and Figure 1-3 shows a level optical interface.
Slanting optical
interface
Level optical
interface
CAUTION
Ensure that all personnel are beyond the transmit direction of a working antenna.
1.6.4 Laser
This topic describes safety precautions for lasers.
WARNING
When handling optical fibers, do not stand close to, or look into the optical fiber outlet directly
without eye protection.
Laser transceivers are used in the optical transmission system and associated test tools. The laser
transmitted through the bare optical fiber produces a small beam of light, and therefore it has
very high power density and is invisible to human eyes. When a beam of light enters eyes, the
eyes may be damaged.
In normal cases, viewing an un-terminated optical fiber or a damaged optical fiber without eye
protection at a distance greater than 150 mm does not cause eye injury. Eye injury may occur,
however, if an optical tool such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used to view
an un-terminated optical fiber.
l All operations should be performed by authorized personnel who have completed the
required training courses.
l Wear a pair of eye-protective glasses when you are handling lasers or fibers.
l Ensure that the optical source is switched off before disconnecting optical fiber connectors.
l Do not look into the end of an exposed fiber or an open connector when you are not sure
whether the optical source is switched off.
l Use an optical power meter to measure the optical power and ensure that the optical source
is switched off.
l Before opening the front door of an optical transmission device, ensure that you are not
exposed to laser radiation.
l Do not use an optical tool such as a microscope, a magnifying glass, or an eye loupe to
view the optical connector or fiber that is transmitting optical signals.
1.6.5 Microwave
When installing and maintaining the equipment of Huawei, follow the safety precautions of
microwave to ensure the safety of the human body and the equipment.
WARNING
Strong radio frequency can harm the human body.
When installing or maintaining an aerial on the tower or mast that is installed with multiple
aerials, switch off the transmitter in advance.
WARNING
When working at heights, be cautious to prevent objects from falling down.
WARNING
When heavy objects are being hoisted, do not walk below the cantilever or hoisted objects.
Checking Ladders
l Before using a ladder, check whether the ladder is damaged. After checking that the ladder
is in good condition, you can use the ladder.
l Before using a ladder, you should know the maximum weight capacity of the ladder. Avoid
overweighing the ladder.
Placing Ladders
The proper slant angle of the ladder is 75 degrees. You can measure the slant angle of the ladder
with an angle square or your arms, as shown in Figure 1-5. When using a ladder, to prevent the
ladder from sliding, ensure that the wider feet of the ladder are downward, or take protection
measures for the ladder feet. Ensure that the ladder is placed securely.
Climbing Up a Ladder
When climbing up a ladder, pay attention to the following points:
l Ensure that the center of gravity of your body does not deviate from the edges of the two
long sides.
l Before operations, ensure that your body is stable to reduce risks.
l Do not climb higher than the fourth rung of the ladder (counted from up to down).
If you want to climb up a roof, ensure that the ladder top is at least one meter higher than the
roof, as shown in Figure 1-6.
Figure 1-6 Ladder top being one meter higher than the roof
Drilling Holes
WARNING
Do not drill holes on the cabinet without prior permission. Drilling holes without complying
with the requirements affects the electromagnetic shielding performance of the cabinet and
damages the cables inside the cabinet. In addition, if the scraps caused by drilling enter the
cabinet, the printed circuit boards (PCBs) may be short-circuited.
l Before drilling a hole on the cabinet, remove the cables inside the cabinet.
l Wear an eye protector when drilling holes. This is to prevent eyes from being injured by
the splashing metal scraps.
l Wear protection gloves when drilling holes.
l Take measures to prevent the metallic scraps from falling into the cabinet. After the drilling,
clean up the metallic scraps.
Sharp Objects
WARNING
Wear protection gloves when carrying the device. This is to prevent hands from being injured
by the sharp edges of the device.
Fans
l When replacing parts, place the objects such as the parts, screws, and tools properly. This
is to prevent them from falling into the operating fans, which damages the fans or device.
l When replacing the parts near fans, keep your fingers or boards from touching operating
fans before the fans are powered off and stop running. Otherwise, the hands or the boards
are damaged.
WARNING
l The carrier must be prepared for load bearing before carrying heavy objects. This is to prevent
the carrier from being strained or pressed by the heavy objects.
l When you pull a chassis out of the cabinet, pay attention to the unstable or heavy objects on
the cabinet. This is to prevent the heavy objects on the cabinet top from falling down, which
may hurt you.
l Generally, two persons are needed to carry a chassis. It is prohibited that only one person
carries a heavy chassis. When carrying a chassis, the carriers should stretch their backs and
move stably to avoid being strained.
l When moving or lifting a chassis, hold the handles or bottom of the chassis. Do not hold
the handles of the modules installed in the chassis, such as the power modules, fan modules,
and boards.
CAUTION
When inserting a board, wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves, and handle the board gently to
avoid distorting pins on the backplane.
CAUTION
Bind the signal cables separately from the high-current or high-voltage cables.
Routing Cables
In the case of extremely low temperature, heavy shock or vibration may damage the plastic skin
of the cables. To ensure the construction safety, comply with the following requirements:
l When installing cables, ensure that the environment temperature is above 0°C.
l If the cables are stored in a place where the ambient temperature is below 0°C, transfer
them to a place at room temperature and store the cables for more than 24 hours before
installation.
l Handle the cables gently, especially in a low-temperature environment. Do not perform
any improper operations, for example, pushing the cables down directly from a truck.
High Temperature
WARNING
If the ambient temperature exceeds 55°C, the temperature of the front panel surface marked the
flag may exceed 70°C. When touching the front panel of the board in such an environment,
you must wear the protection gloves.
IF Cables
WARNING
Before installing or removing an IF cable, you must turn off the power switch of the IF board.
This chapter provides notices for the operations that may cause bodily injury or equipment
damage if they are not performed properly during the commissioning and maintenance of
microwave equipment.
O: OFF
I : ON
Procedure
Step 1 Turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the IF board. For details, see 2.1 Operation Guide for the
Toggle Lever Switch.
1 2
DANGER
Ensure that the ODU is completely powered off before removing or installing the IF jumper.
----End
Procedure
Step 1 Turn off the ODU power switch on the IF board. For details, see 2.1 Operation Guide for the
Toggle Lever Switch.
1 2
DANGER
Ensure that the ODU is completely powered off before removing or installing the IF cable.
----End
Procedure
Step 1 Turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the IF board. For details, see 2.1 Operation Guide for the
Toggle Lever Switch.
1 2 3
DANGER
Ensure that the ODU is completely powered off before removing or installing the IF board.
----End
3 Commissioning Preparations
This chapter describes the preparations that need to be made prior to commissioning equipment.
You can use the following methods to configure site commissioning data for the OptiX RTN
950 on site:
l Web LCT
l Handheld tool
NOTE
You can commission only basic items by using the handheld tool.
Table 3-1 Configuring site commissioning data by using the Web LCT
Log in to an NE Required
NOTE
a: Before aligning antennas, power on the equipment and configure site commissioning data on both ends of the
radio link.
Table 3-2 Configuring site commissioning data by using the handheld tool
Commissioning Item Remarks
NOTE
a: Before aligning antennas, power on the equipment and configure site commissioning data on both ends of the
radio link.
Testing E1 Services Testing E1 Services Required when E1 service are available and
by Using a BER a BER tester is available on site
Tester
Testing Protection Testing IF 1+1 Required when the radio links are configured
Switching Switching with the 1+1 HSB/FD/SD
NOTE
In the following instructions for both types of commissioning methods, site commissioning and system
commissioning are defined as follows:
l Site commissioning refers to commissioning that is performed on a hop and sites at both ends of the
radio link by connecting the commissioning tool to the NE at a single site.
l System commissioning refers to commissioning that is performed on all the NEs in the network by
connecting the commissioning tool to a gateway NE where it configures the commissioning data for
each site.
Single-hop Commissioning
The single-hop commissioning method is preferred for small-scale microwave transmission
networks (for example, a network with only one or two radio link hops). By performing single-
hop commissioning, you can complete all site and system commissioning items at a time. The
major commissioning steps are as follows:
The Web LCT is used for single-hop commissioning, and therefore this document does not detail how to use
the Web LCT. For details about how to use the Web LCT, see the commissioning guide in the documentation
package of the Web LCT version.
Network Commissioning
The network commissioning method is usually used for large-scale microwave transmission
networks. The major commissioning steps are as follows:
Documents
The following document should be available before commissioning the equipment:
Tools
Table 3-4 lists the tools required for the commissioning task.
Laptop on which the Web LCT is installed l Configuring site commissioning data by
using the Web LCT
l Testing connectivity of E1 cables
l Querying the DCN status
NOTE
For details about the requirements and methods for installing the Web LCT, see the iManager U2000 Web
LCT User Guide.
4 Site Commissioning
Site commissioning includes the specific commissioning processes for all site commissioning
items.
Prerequisite
l Hardware installation has been completed and has passed the installation check.
l The power system is available. The voltage, pole connection, and fuse current of the power
system have been checked in the process of connecting power cables.
l The power supply (for example, the power box of the cabinet) has been turned off.
Context
l For the OptiX RTN 950, the recommended fuse currents are listed in Table 4-1.
l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the following system control, switching, and timing board:
Precautions
CAUTION
l If the equipment is configured with two PIU boards, the nominal voltage for the input power
of each PIU board must be the same.
l The ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the IF board is designed with a locking device.
Hence, you must pull out the switches lightly before you turn it. If the switch points to "O",
the switch is turned off. If the switch points to "I", the switch is turned on.
l If the output voltage of the power supply does not meet test requirements, do not power on
the cabinet. First, reconstruct the power supply and then test the output voltage again.
Procedure
Step 1 Verify that the power cables of the chassis are correctly connected. Then, power on the equipment
and check the status of the indicators. In normal conditions, the PIU and FAN indicators are
steady green, as shown in Figure 4-1. Table 4-2 provides the descriptions for the different states
of the indicators.
Step 2 Check the status of the indicators on the system control, switching, and timing board and ensure
that the equipment is powered on. The board indicators should conform to the following states
and sequences.
1. The PROG indicator should be green, off, blinking green, and off. The process lasts about
1 minute if service data is not configured.
NOTE
ACTC
ACTX
SYNC
PROG
STAT
NOTE
l For detailed meanings of the indicators, see the IDU hardware description.
l For a board other than the system control, switching, and timing board on the IDU, the STAT indicator is
on only after the corresponding logical board is added.
l The ODU indicator on an IF board is green only after the logical board of the IF board connected to
the ODU and the logical board of the ODU are created.
l In the event of indicator abnormalities, contact Huawei technical support.
----End
Configuration Process
Figure 4-3 describes the process of configuring site commissioning data.
Creating NEs
Logging in to NEs
Changing NE IDs
Changing NE names
Setting NE communication
parameters
Creating an IF 1+1
Creating an XPIC group protection group
Checking alarms
Mandatory
Optional
End
NOTE
In TDM microwave mode, the AM attributes do not need to be configured for the links where the XPIC function
is enabled.
3 Logging In to an NE Mandatory.
Enter correct values in User Name and
Password. The default User Name is lct,
and the default Password is password.
2 4.2.9 Mandatory.
Configuring l In the case of the TDM microwave, set main parameters
the IF/ODU as follows:
Information
of a Radio – Set Work Mode and Link ID according to the network
Link plan.
– Set TX Frequency(MHz), T/R Spacing(MHz), and
TX Power(dBm) according to the network plan.
– Set TX Status to Unmute.
– Set Power to Be Received(dBm) to the received signal
level specified in the network plan. The antenna
misalignment indication function is enabled only after
this parameter is set. When the antenna misalignment
indication function is enabled, if the actual receive
power of the ODU is 3 dB lower than the power
expected to be received, the ODU indicator on the IF
board connected to the ODU blinks yellow (300 ms on,
300 ms off), indicating that the antennas are not
aligned. After the antennas are aligned for 30
consecutive minutes, the NE automatically disables
the antenna misalignment indication function.
NOTE
l After the site commissioning, however, you need to reset
ATPC Enable Status according to site requirements.
l For radio links configured with 1+1 HSB/SD, you need to
configure the IF and ODU information on the main radio link
only. For radio links configured with 1+1 FD, you need to
configure the IF and ODU information on the main radio link
and the ODU information on the standby radio link.
l For TDM radio links configured with N+1 protection, you
need to configure the IF and ODU information on each link.
Work Mode must be configured as 7, STM-1, 28MHz,
128QAM.
l For the Integrated IP radio, set main parameters as follows:
– Set AM Enable Status and IF Channel Bandwidth
according to the network plan.
– Set AM Enable Status to Disabled. In addition, set
Manually Specified Modulation Mode to
Modulation Mode of the Guarantee AM Capacity
according to the network plan.
– Set Guarantee E1 Capacity and Link ID according
to the network plan.
– Set TX Frequency(MHz), T/R Spacing(MHz), and
TX Power(dBm) according to the network plan.
– Set TX Status to Unmute.
– Set Power to Be Received(dBm) to the received signal
level specified in the network plan. The antenna
3 Checking Mandatory.
Alarms
1 4.2.10 Mandatory.
Creating an Set the parameters according to the network plan.
XPIC
Workgroup
5 Checking Mandatory.
Alarms
Prerequisite
The equipment is powered on.
Procedure
Step 1 Start the laptop and log in to the operating system.
l The IP address of the laptop is in the same network segment (the default network segment
is 129.9.0.0) as the NE, but their IP addresses are different.
l The subnet mask for the IP address of the laptop is the same as that for the IP address of the
NE (the default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0).
l The default gateway IP address is blank.
Step 3 Use a network cable to connect the Ethernet port of the laptop to the NMS/COM port on the
system control, switching, and timing board.
NMS/COM
CAUTION
Ensure that the network cable is properly connected to the Ethernet port of the laptop and the
NMS/COM port on the system control, switching, and timing board. Otherwise, the equipment
or test tool may be damaged.
NOTE
The NMS/COM port on the system control, switching, and timing board supports the auto-MDI/MDI-X mode.
Therefore, straight-through cables and crossover cables can both be used to set up a connection. For pin
assignments for crossover cables and straight-through cables, see Network Cable in the OptiX RTN 950 Radio
Transmission System IDU Hardware Description.
At this point, the indicators at the Ethernet port and the NMS/COM port are on (green). A
message will be displayed indicating that the network has established a local connection if the
operating system has been configured to do so. If the operating system displays a message
indicating an IP address conflict, change the IP address.
Step 5 Optional: Set the security level of the Internet Explorer to medium or lower.
Step 9 Enter the values of User Name and Password, and then click Login.
l User Name: admin
l Password: admin
If the entered user name and the password are both correct, the NE List page is displayed in the
Internet Explorer.
----End
Prerequisite
l The communication between the NMS and the NE is in the normal state.
l The NE user has the authority of Operation Level or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Click NE Search in NE List and select a desired search type.
If... Then...
All NEs are directly connected to the NMS server through Perform Step 2 to Step 5.
Ethernet cables
Not all NEs are directly connected to the NMS server through Perform Step 6 to Step 11.
Ethernet cables
Local IP Address indicates the IP address of an Ethernet port on the NMS server. There may be multiple Local
IP Address values because an NMS server may have multiple network adapters.
NE IP Address indicates the IP addresses of all NEs (searched out by the system automatically) that are
connected to the NMS server directly through Ethernet cables.
When NE Search is selected, the system can directly log in to NEs. You do not need to enter the user name
and password.
NOTE
In the IP auto discovery mode, the Web LCT searches for the gateway NE and non-gateway NEs that are
managed by the gateway NE in the network segment where the server resides.
NOTE
During initial configuration, Manage Domain takes the default value of 129.9.255.255. After the IP address
of the gateway NE is changed, the value of Manage Domain also needs to be changed. The default network
segment cannot be modified or deleted.
Step 9 Select the NE that needs to be added and click Add NE.
A dialog box is displayed, indicating that the NE is added successfully.
Step 10 Click OK.
A new NE has been added to the NE list.
----End
4.2.3 Logging In to an NE
After an NE is created, you need to log in to the NE before managing the NE.
Prerequisite
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The NE to be managed is already created in NE List.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE List, select the target NE and click NE Login.
TIP
NOTE
l Check the legend to learn the specific meanings of different colors and symbols in the slot layout
diagram.
----End
Related References
A.2 Parameter Description: Login to an NE
Prerequisite
The NE user has the authority of Operation Level or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > NE
Attribute from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click Modify NE ID.
The Modify NE ID dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 Specify New ID and New Extended ID.
----End
Related References
A.3 Parameter Description: NE Attribute_NE ID Change
Prerequisite
The NE user has the authority of Operation Level or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and choose Configuration > NE
Attribute from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Enter the name of the NE in the Name field.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisite
The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication >
Communication Parameters from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Configure the communication parameters of the NE.
Step 3 Click Apply.
NOTE
----End
Related References
A.5 Parameter Description: NE Communication Parameter Setting
Prerequisite
l The NE user has the authority of Operation Level or higher.
l All the boards are installed correctly.
l The ODU-PWR switch on the IF board is turned on and the communication between the
IDU and the ODU is normal.
Procedure
Step 1 Click the Slot Layout tab and click Add Physical Boards.
Based on the slot layout, the NE automatically configures the logical boards that are required
but are not yet configured for certain physical boards.
Step 2 Optional: On the slot to which the board is to be added, right-click and select Add XXX. "XXX"
is the name of the board to be added.
Step 3 Optional: On the slot to which the board is to be deleted, right-click and select Delete.
NOTE
Before deleting the board, delete the data, such as the service, clock, orderwire, and protection, on the
board.
----End
Prerequisite
l The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.
l The IF boards and the ODUs to which the IF boards are connected must be added on the
Slot Layout.
l The IF boards of an IF 1+1 FD/SD protection group must be configured in the paired slots.
Background Information
When a 1+0 service is converted into 1+1 HSB protection group by configuring an IF 1+1
protection group, the original service is not interrupted. The board where the original service
exists, however, needs to be set to the working board.
Procedure
Step 1 For an IF 1+1 protection group comprised of ISU2 or ISX2 boards, set IF Service Type to
appropriate values for the main and standby IF boards according to the network plan.
NOTE
l Ensure that the values of IF Service Type set for the main and standby IF boards are the same and meet the
network plan requirements.
l For ISU2 or ISX2 boards, the default value of IF Service Type is Hybrid(Native E1+ETH).
1. In the NE Explorer, select the NE and then choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
2. Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.
3. Changes the values of IF Service Type for the main and standby IF boards according to
the network plan.
4. Click Apply.
Step 2 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
NOTE
It is recommended to set the parameters for the 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection as follows:
l Set Working Mode according to the network plan.
l Set Revertive Mode to Revertive.
l Set WTR Time(s) to the default value.
l Set Enable Reverse Switching according to the network plan. When Working Mode is HSB, set Enable
Reverse Switching to Disabled; when Working Mode is SD, set Enable Reverse Switching to
Enabled; when Working Mode is FD, Enable Reverse Switching is invalid.
l Each of the parameters Working Mode, Revertive Mode, WTR Time(s),Anti-jitter Time(s) and Enable
Reverse Switching must be set to the same value at both ends of a radio hop.
----End
Related References
A.8 Parameter Description: Link Configuration_IF 1+1 Protection
Prerequisite
l The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.
l The IF boards and the ODUs to which the IF boards are connected must be added on the
Slot Layout.
Precautions
l For 1+1 HSB/SD protection, you need to configure only the IF/ODU information of the
main radio link.
l For 1+1 FD protection, you need to configure the IF/ODU information of the main radio
link and the ODU information of the standby radio link.
l Before configuring XPIC workgroups, you need to set IF Service Type separately for IF
boards in the vertical polarization and those in horizontal polarization.
l For N+1 protection, you need to configure the IF/ODU information of the N+1 radio links
respectively.
l The MW_CFG_MISMATCH alarm is reported, if the E1 count, AM enabled status, STM-1
count, or modulation mode is set inconsistently for both ends of an Integrated IP radio link.
This alarm should be cleared immediately. Otherwise, services may be configured
unsuccessfully or interrupted.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from
the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.
Step 3 Click an IF board icon or ODU icon.
The system displays the IF/ODU information of the radio link to which the IF board or ODU to
which the IF board is connected belongs.
----End
Related References
A.10 Parameter: Link Configuration_IF/ODU Configuration
Prerequisite
l The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.
l The corresponding XPIC IF boards and the ODUs connected to the XPIC IF boards are
added to the NE Panel.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
----End
Related References
A.6 Parameter Description: Link Configuration_XPIC Workgroup_Creation
Prerequisite
l The NE user has the authority of Operation Level or higher.
l The XPIC protection group has been created.
Background Information
The XPIC IF boards, IFX2 and ISX2, support Integrated IP radio, and the AM attributes can be
configured.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
----End
Related References
A.7 Parameter Description: Link Configuration_XPIC
Prerequisite
l The basic data of NEs on the entire network has been configured.
l Time settings on the Web LCT are correct.
l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > NE Time
Synchronization from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Right-click the NE whose time needs to be synchronized and choose Synchronize with NM
Time from the shortcut menu.
----End
Prerequisite
The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Orderwire
from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click the General tab.
Step 3 Configure the orderwire information.
3. Click Apply.
----End
Related References
A.15 Parameter Description: Orderwire_General
A.16 Parameter Description: Orderwire_Advanced
Prerequisite
l The equipment is connected to the Web LCT.
l Data configuration is complete.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE from the Object Tree, and then click on the toolbar.
Step 2 Click the Browse Current Alarms tab.
Step 3 Check the displayed alarm information.
Check whether there are any equipment alarms, the following alarms in particular:
l POWER_ALM
l FAN_FAIL
l HARD_BAD
l BD_STATUS
l SYNC_C_LOS
l CONFIG_NOSUPPORT
l NESF_LOST
l TEMP_ALARM
l IF_CABLE_OPEN
l XPIC_LOS
For details about the preceding alarms and about how to handle them, refer to the OptiX RTN
950 Radio Transmission System Maintenance Guide.
----End
Prerequisite
The equipment is powered on.
Procedure
Step 1 Use appropriate cables to connect the handheld tool to the OptiX RTN 950, as shown in Figure
4-4.
Hand-held
tool
NMS/COM port on
the CSH, CST board
MINI USB
port DB9-female DB9-male RJ-45 connector
Step 2 Press the Power button on the handheld tool until the handheld tool starts. Two seconds later,
the login window is displayed.
Step 3 Press Up or Down button to log in to the local NE or another NE, and then press Enter.
Step 4 Optional: If you select to log in to another NE, enter the basic NE ID and extended NE ID.
1. Enter the extended NE ID, and then press Enter.
NOTE
If the input basic NE ID or extended NE ID is incorrect, press the C button to return to the upper-level
menu and rectify it.
Step 5 The handheld tool is logged in to the system automatically and the NE information is queried.
The information about the queried slot is displayed in the standby window.
NOTE
l If the Login Fail ! message is displayed in the login window, the handheld tool starts another login
attempt until login succeeds.
l Login is completed automatically and may last a long period. Do not press any button in the login
process. Otherwise, the system stops the login process.
l In the standby window, the handheld tool relogs in to the system any time you press the 0 button.
l If the Abnormal Connection message is displayed in the standby window, check the physical
connection between the handheld tool and the NE. Ensure that the connection is normal and then relog
in to the system.
l The upward arrow in the upper right corner of the standby interface indicates the status of the physical
connection. If the arrow blinks regularly, the connection is normal. Otherwise, relog in to the system
according to the prompt message of the system.
----End
Prerequisite
The handheld tool is logged in to the NE.
NOTE
In the case of the Integrated IP radio, the AM function is disabled by default on the handheld tool.
Procedure
Step 1 When the handheld tool displays the standby window, press F2 to configure NE attributes.
NOTE
l Only the first 11 characters of the NE name can be displayed on the interface.
l An NE name can contain a maximum of 21 characters currently. You can press F1 to shift between
different symbols.
3. Press Enter to confirm the setting and return to the previous menu.
Step 3 Configure NE ID and extended ID.
1. Select 2-NE ID and press Enter. Then, the configuration interface is displayed.
The IP address is composed of four fields. After you finish one field, press Enter to enter the next
field.
3. Press Enter to confirm the setting and return to the previous menu.
4. Select 6-MSK and press Enter. Then, the configuration interface is displayed.
l In the configuration process, you can press C to return to the previous menu.
l After the system saves the configuration, it automatically backs up the database and the backup operation
lasts 30 to 60 seconds. You need to check the backup result.
l If you change NE ID or extended ID in the configuration process, the handheld tool automatically relogs in
to the system after the system successfully backs up the updated data. Then, the standby interface is displayed.
If the system fails in backing up the updated data, the active configuration interface is displayed.
----End
Prerequisite
The handheld tool is logged in to the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 When the handheld tool displays the standby window, press F1 to configure IF attributes.
NOTE
By default, the system displays the information about the radio link carried by the IF board in the slot with the
smallest number.
In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the
main radio link only.
When you configure IF 1+1 protection with the handheld tool, the default main/standby IF
boards are as follows:
1 1 2
2 3 5
3 4 6
NOTE
In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the
main radio link only.
NOTE
For the ISU2/ISX2 board, press Enter. Then, the configuration interface is displayed.
a. Select a working mode for the ISU2/ISX2 board by pressing the Up and Down keys. Then, press
Enter. The configuration interface of IF bandwidth is displayed.
b. If you select 1-ISU2/ISX2, the ISU2/ISX2 board works in Hybrid (Native E1+ETH) mode. The
following figure shows available IF bandwidth in this mode.
c. If you select 2-ISU2/ISX2, the ISU2/ISX2 board works in Hybrid (Native STM-1+ETH) mode. The
following figure shows available IF bandwidth in this mode.
d. If you select 3-ISU2/ISX2, the ISU2/ISX2 board works in SDH mode. The following figure shows
available IF bandwidth in this mode.
In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the
main radio link only.
4. Select 6-Modulate and press Enter. Then, the configuration interface of modulation modes
is displayed.
NOTE
For the ISU2/ISX2 board, interfaces for selecting modulation modes are IF bandwidth-specific.
5. Select the modulation mode according to the network plan.
6. Press Enter to return to the previous menu.
NOTE
In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the
main radio link only.
2. Enter the value of transmit frequency (MHz) according to the network plan.
NOTE
5. Enter the value of T/R spacing (MHz) according to the network plan.
NOTE
7. Select 4-TX Power and press Enter. Then, the configuration interface of transmit power
is displayed.
8. Enter the value of transmit power (dBm) according to the network plan.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisite
The handheld tool is logged in to the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 When the handheld tool displays the standby window, press F3 to query the NE information.
Step 2 Select 5-Current Alarm Query and press Enter. Then, the query interface is displayed.
TIP
You can press the Up or Down button to check the query result about OptiX RTN 950.
----End
Prerequisite
The equipment must be equipped with an E1 interface board, and the E1 port must travel through
the DDF before being connected to another device.
Procedure
Step 1 At the DDF, connect the BER tester to the first E1 port of the IDU.
1
2
RX TX
3
. 4
..
.
BER tester
Step 2 Set the corresponding E1 port to Outloop using the Web LCT.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Outloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
Step 3 Observe the BER tester.
The BER tester should not display the AIS alarm any more.
Step 4 Release the outloop set in Step 2.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
Step 5 Observe the BER tester.
The BER tester should report the AIS alarm.
Step 6 Repeat Step 1 to Step 5 to test all the other E1 ports.
----End
Prerequisite
l The NE houses an E1 interface board, and the E1 port travels through the DDF before being
connected to another device.
l The handheld tool is logged in to the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the handheld tool to the OptiX RTN 950. For details, see 4.3.1 Connecting the
Handheld Tool to the IDU.
Step 2 On the DDF, perform a hardware loopback at the first E1 port on the IDU.
DDF
RX TX
1
2
3
. 4
..
.
Step 3 Test the cable connectivity of the first port with the handheld tool.
1. When the handheld tool displays the standby window, press F3 to query the NE information.
2. Select 6-E1 Cable Check and press Enter. Then, the tributary board configuration
interface is displayed.
3. Select the tributary board that is connected to the first E1 port, and press Enter to test cable
connectivity.
----End
Prerequisite
The network cables are already made.
Background Information
You can also test the connectivity of a network cable by performing a loopback on the data ports
(this method is applicable when the equipment is powered on). Specifically, use the network
cable to be tested to connect any two data ports. If the LINK indicators of the two data ports turn
on, it indicates that the network cable is in the normal state.
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the network cable to the port of the network cable tester.
Step 3 Connect the network cable that passes the test to the Ethernet port of the device.
----End
Prerequisite
l The fiber jumper is installed and routed from the optical interface to the ODF.
l The equipment is powered on.
Precautions
DANGER
When you are checking the connection of fiber jumpers, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser
beams.
Connection Diagram
When you use an optical interface board to test the fiber jumper connection, connect the fiber
jumper to the optical power meter on the ODF side and connect the fiber jumper to the TX port
of the optical interface board on the chassis side. Figure 4-7 shows the connection.
Figure 4-7 Connection diagram for checking the fiber jumper connection by using an optical
interface board
External
Cable
TX RX
ODF
Procedure
Step 1 On the chassis side, disconnect the fiber jumper from the TX port of the optical interface
board.
Step 2 Connect the optical power meter to the TX port of the optical interface board with a short fiber
jumper.
Step 3 Switch on the optical power meter and set the operating wavelength according to the type of
optical interface. The measured launched optical power of the optical interface board is A.
Step 5 On the ODF side, disconnect the fiber jumper from the TX port. Connect the fiber jumper to the
optical power meter. The measured optical power is B.
Step 6 Disconnect the fiber jumper from the TX port of the optical interface board. The optical power
meter reads "LO" and does not receive any optical signals.
Step 7 Compare the values of A and B.
l If the difference between A and B is less than 1 dB, it indicates that the fiber jumper is
correctly connected and the attenuation of the fiber jumper is within the normal range.
l If the difference between A and B is more than 1 dB, verify that the fiber jumper is in good
condition and is correctly routed. Then, verify that the fiber jumper terminal is clean.
CAUTION
If the fiber jumper is connected through a flange, the difference between A and B should be less
than 2 dB. Otherwise, it indicates that the fiber jumper is incorrectly connected or the attenuation
of the fiber jumper is not within the normal range. Verify that the fiber jumper is in good condition
and is correctly routed. Then, Verify that the fiber jumper terminal is clean.
Step 8 Repeat Steps 1 through 7 to check the fiber jumper that is connected to the RX port.
Step 9 Restore the fiber jumper connections on the chassis side and the ODF side.
Step 10 Repeat Steps 1 through 7 to check fiber jumper connections of other optical interfaces and then
restore the connections when completed.
----End
Main lobe
First side lobe
Second side lobe
90o
0o
Tracking Path
Side lobe signal readings are sometimes mistaken for main lobe readings when signals are
tracked on different elevation (or azimuth). Figure 4-10 shows a horizontal radio propagation
model of the antenna, and signal levels at three different elevation positions (1-7 represent the
measured signal level values of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) port of the ODU).
6 7
C C'
C 6 7 C' 5
4
4 5
B B'
B B'
1 2 3
A A'
2
1 3
A A'
l Line AA' indicates that the main lobe of the antenna is almost aligned properly. The main
lobe is at point 2, and the first side lobes are at points 1 and 3. Slightly adjust the azimuth
of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
l Line BB' indicates that the elevation of the antenna slightly deviates from the main lobe.
The signal peaks appear at points 4 and 5. The signal peak at point 4 is higher than the
signal peak at point 5 because of the antenna characteristics. As a result, point 4 may be
mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The correct method is to set the azimuth
of the antenna to the middle position between the two signal peaks. Then, adjust the
elevation of the antenna until the three signal peaks of line AA' appear. Slightly adjust the
elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
l Line CC' indicates that the elevation of the antenna completely deviates from the main lobe
and is almost aligned with the first side lobe. The signal peak of the first side lobe at point
6 and the signal peak of the first side lobe at point 7 appear as one signal peak. As a result,
points 6 and 7 may be mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The correct
method is to set the azimuth of the antenna to the middle of points 6 and 7. Then, adjust
the elevation of the antenna until the three signal peaks of line AA' appear. Slightly adjust
the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
When the side lobe peak at one side is higher than the side lobe peak at the other side, as shown
in Figure 4-11, a common error is moving the antenna left to right along line DD', or top to
bottom along line EE'. As a result, point 1 may be mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe
signal. The correct method is to adjust the elevation in the middle of points 1 and 2 or the azimuth
in the middle of points 1 and 3. Several adjustments are required so that the three signal peaks
of line AA' can appear. Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 as
shown in Figure 4-10 until the peak signal appears.
Figure 4-11 Aligning the antenna with the first side lobe
E
1
2
D D'
1 2
D D'
1
3
3
E E'
E'
Prerequisite
l The site commissioning of the radio equipment at both ends of the radio link is complete.
l The weather at both stations is suitable for outdoor operations and there is no threat of rain,
snow, or fog.
l On-site conditions meet the requirements for the antennas to operate at a high altitude and
the personnel commissioning the antennas are trained to work at high altitudes.
l The Multimeter is calibrated.
l The ATPC function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
l The AM function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
Precautions
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 protection mode and one antenna is used at each end,
power off the standby ODUs at both ends before aligning the antennas. After the antennas
are aligned, power on the standby ODUs at both ends.
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 SD mode, align the antennas in the following sequence:
1. Power on the main ODUs at both ends. Ensure that they are powered on during the
alignment.
2. Power off the standby ODUs at both ends. Then, align the main antennas at both ends.
3. Power on the standby ODU at the local end. Retain the position of the main antenna
at the remote end, and adjust the diversity antenna at the local end.
4. Power on the standby ODU at the remote end. Retain the position of the main antenna
at the local end, and adjust the diversity antenna at the remote end.
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 FD mode and two antennas are used at each end, align
the antenna in the following sequence:
1. Power on the main ODUs, power off the standby ODUs, and align the main antennas
at both ends.
2. Power off the main ODUs, power on the standby ODUs, and align the diversity
antennas at both ends.
CAUTION
You can adjust the azimuth and elevation of the antennas by adjusting the appropriate nuts or
screws. For details, see the installation guide for the antennas.
Procedure
Step 1 Determine the azimuth of the antenna according to the installation position and height of the
antenna. Then, adjust the elevation of the antenna to the horizontal position.
Step 2 Connect a multimeter to the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) port on the ODU at the
local end and test the voltage value VBNC.
TIP
It is recommended that you make the test line terminated with a BNC connector at one end in advance,
because it is more convenient for testing the voltage value VBNC.
Step 4 Repeat Step 2 to Step 3 to adjust the antenna at the remote end. When VBNC reaches the peak
value, tighten the antenna at the remote end.
Step 5 Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 two to four times. When VBNC at the local end and VBNC at the remote
end reach the peak value, tighten the antennas at both ends
Step 6 Use the multimeter to test VBNC at both ends. Obtain the current RSL by referring to the
relationship curve between VBNC of ODUs and the RSLs at both ends.
NOTE
The curve diagram for VBNC and RSL is delivered along with the ODU.
The actual RSL must be the same as the value planned by the network planning department.
NOTE
l If VBNC does not meet the requirements, see the OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
Maintenance Guide for suggestion on how to handle the issue.
Step 7 Observe the ODU indicator on the IF board. The ODU indicator should turn off. If the ODU
indicator blinks yellow, align the antennas.
Use the multimeter to measure the received value of RSSI again to ensure that no fault occurred in the process
of tightening the screws.
----End
Prerequisite
l The site commissioning of the radio equipment at both ends of the radio link is complete.
l The weather at both stations is suitable for outdoor operations and there is no threat of rain,
snow, or fog
l On-site conditions meet the requirements for the antennas to operate at a high altitude and
the personnel commissioning the antennas are trained to work at high altitudes.
l The Multimeter is calibrated.
l The ATPC function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
l The AM function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
l Multimeter (with a BNC connector prepared at one end for future tests)
l North-stabilized indicator
l Spanner delivered with the OMT
Procedure
Step 1 Check the installation modes of the ODUs at both ends of the radio link.
If... Then...
The ODUs are directly installed onto an OMT Proceed to Step 2 through Step 3.
The ODUs are installed separately from the antenna Proceed to Step 4 through Step 14.
Step 2 Adjust the antenna as a single-polarized antenna. For detailed operations, see 4.5.2 Aligning
Single-Polarized Antennas.
Step 3 After aligning the antennas, power on the ODUs in the vertical and horizontal polarization
directions at both ends, and check the XPD.
1. Use the multimeter to measure the received signal levels of the ODUs in the vertical and
horizontal polarization directions.
2. Obtain the received signal level in the horizontal polarization direction (P1) and the received
signal level in the vertical polarization direction (P2) based on the curve delivered in the
ODU carton.
3. Calculate the XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2).
If... Then...
The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) is Release the captive screws of the OMT to
less than 30 dB. some extent, and turn the OMT slightly until
the signal level reaches the lower threshold.
The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2)
should not be less than 30 dB.
The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) is The antenna alignment task is completed.
not less than 30 dB.
4. Tighten all the screws of the antennas.
NOTE
Use the multimeter to measure the received value of RSSI. Avoid any fault in the alignment of antennas
in the process of tightening the screws.
Step 4 Power off the vertically polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, and power on the
horizontally polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link. Ensure that the antennas transmit
horizontally polarized signals.
Step 5 Adjust the azimuth angle and elevation angle of the antennas at both ends by referring to 4.5.2
Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas, and ensure that the main lobe of the horizontally
polarized signals is aligned with the antenna.
Step 6 Measure the RSL (P3) of the horizontally polarized signals at the local end.
1. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the horizontally polarized
ODU.
2. Calculate the RSL (P3) of the horizontally polarized received signals by referring to the
curve diagram delivered along with the ODU.
Step 7 Adjust the feed boom at the local end, and ensure that the RSL of the vertically polarized signals
reaches the lower threshold (P4).
1. Power on the vertically polarized ODU at the local end.
2. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the vertically polarized
ODU.
3. Calculate the RSL (P4) of the vertically polarized signals by referring to the curve diagram
in the ODU box.
4. Calculate the XPD1 (XPD2 = P3 - P4).
If... Then...
The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) is less than 30 dB Proceed to the next step.
The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) is not less than 30 dB Perform Step 8.
5. Release the holder of the feed boom to some extent, and turn the feed boom slightly until
the signal level reaches the lower threshold. The calculated XPD1 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) should
not be less than 30 dB.
Step 9 Power off the horizontally polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, and power on the
vertically polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link. Ensure that the antennas transmit
vertically polarized signals.
Step 10 Measure the RSL (P5) of the vertically polarized signals at the local end by referring to Step
6.
Step 11 Adjust the feed boom at the local end, and ensure that the RSL of the vertically polarized signals
reaches the lower threshold (P6).
1. Power on the vertically polarized ODU at the local end.
2. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the vertically polarized
ODU.
3. Calculate the RSL (P6) of the vertically polarized signals by referring to the curve diagram
delivered along with the ODU.
4. Calculate the XPD3 (XPD3 = P5 - P6).
If... Then...
The calculated XPD3 (XPD3 = P5 - P6) is less than 30 dB Proceed to the next step.
The calculated XPD3 (XPD3 = P5 - P6) is not less than 30 dB Perform Step 12.
5. Release the holder of the feed boom to some extent, and turn the feed boom slightly until
the signal level reaches the lower threshold. The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) should
not be less than 30 dB.
Step 13 Adjust the feed boom slightly (ranging from D1 to D2), and ensure that XPD2 and XPD3 are
not less than 30 dB.
NOTE
If D1 and D2 are the same, you do not need to adjust the feed boom.
Use the multimeter to measure the received value of RSSI again to ensure that no fault occurred in the process
of tightening the screws.
----End
Related Information
In practice, you can align dual-polarized antennas by measuring only the vertically polarized
signals.
Prerequisite
The antennas have been aligned.
Procedure
Step 1 Observe the LINK indicator on the IF board.
ACT
RMT
ODU
LINK
STAT
SRV
1. If the LINK indicator on the IF board is on (green), it indicates that the radio link is in the
normal state.
2. If the LINK indicator on the IF board is on (red), check whether the data configuration of
the ODU is correct and whether the antennas are aligned.
----End
Prerequisite
l The basic data of NEs on the entire network has been configured.
l The antennas have been aligned.
l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Communication > Search
For Opposite NE from the Function Tree.
Step 2 In the Search For Opposite NE tab, click Query.
On the Opposite NE List, basic information about opposite NEs in all microwave directions is
displayed.
NOTE
If basic information about the opposite NEs in a certain microwave direction is not displayed, check the
configurations in that microwave direction.
----End
5 System Commissioning
System commissioning includes the specific commissioning processes for all system
commissioning items.
You can check whether the equipment can transmit services stably for a long term by testing
24-hour BER.
NOTE
This section only includes the basic configuration tasks related to NEs, TDM services, and clocks. For more
configuration tasks, see the configuration guide.
Prerequisite
l The NMS must have proper communication with NEs.
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose File > Discovery > NE from the Main Menu.
l If the U2000 server and the gateway NE are in the same network segment, it is recommended that you set
Search Mode to IP auto discovery.
l In other scenarios, it is recommended that you set Search Mode to Search for NE.
If... Then...
Search Mode is set to Search for NE Perform Step 4 to Step 7.
Search Mode is set to IP auto discovery Perform Step 8 to Step 10.
Step 4 If Search Mode is set to Search for NE, you need to add a search domain.
1. Click Add, and then the Input Search Domain dialog box is displayed.
2. Select an address type and enter the search address.
NOTE
l When Address Type is set to NSAP Address, ensure that the OSI protocol stack software is installed
on the U2000.
l When Address Type is set to IP Address of GNE or IP Address Range of GNE, and the U2000
server and gateway NE are not in the same network segment, ensure that the IP routes of the network
segments to which the U2000 server and gateway NE belong are configured on the U2000 and related
routers.
3. Click OK.
Step 6 In the Search for NE dialog box, perform the operations described in the Note part.
NOTE
l If Create NE after search is selected, you need to specify NE User and Password.
l You can select either Create NE after search or Upload after Create or both Create NE after search and
Upload after Create. In this manner, after the NE searching is complete, the system automatically creates
an NE and uploads the NE.
Step 7 Click Next, and then the Transport NE Search dialog box is displayed.
After the search is complete, all the NEs that are found are displayed in the Result list.
Step 8 If Search Mode is set to IP auto discovery, enter NE User and Password.
Step 10 After the NE to be created is displayed in Result, click Stop. In the dialog box that is displayed,
click Yes.
Step 11 Create NEs.
1. Select an NE that is not created from the Result list.
2. Optional: Select the GNE ID of the NE.
3. Click Create.
The Create dialog box is displayed.
4. Specify User Name and Password.
5. Click OK.
The icon of the created NE is displayed in the Main Topology.
Step 12 Optional: Repeat Step 11 to create other NEs that are not created.
----End
Related References
A.1 Parameter Description: NE Searching
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 In the Main Topology, right-click the NE whose ID needs to be changed.
Step 2 Choose Object Attributes.
The Attribute dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 Click the NE Attribute[xxx] tab.
NOTE
----End
Related References
A.4 Parameter Description: Attribute_Changing NE IDs
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 In the Main Topology, select the NE whose name is to be changed.
Step 2 Right-click on this NE, and then choose Object Attributes from the shortcut menu. The
Attributes dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 Click the NE Attribute [xxx] tab.
NOTE
Step 5 Click OK. Close the dialog box indicating the operation result.
The new name of the NE is displayed below the NE icon in the Main Topology.
----End
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication >
Communication Parameters from the Function Tree.
----End
Related References
A.5 Parameter Description: NE Communication Parameter Setting
Prerequisite
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l All the boards must be installed correctly.
Procedure
Step 1 Double-click the NE icon to open the NE layout diagram.
Step 2 Optional: On the slot to which the board is to be added, right-click, and then choose Add
XXX.
NOTE
Step 3 Optional: On the slot to which the board is to be deleted, right-click, and then choose Delete.
1. In the displayed confirmation dialog box, click OK.
2. In the dialog box that is displayed again for confirmation, click OK.
NOTE
Before deleting the board, delete the data, such as the service, clock, orderwire, and protection, on the
board.
----End
Prerequisite
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The IF boards and the ODUs to which the IF boards are connected must be added on the
NE Panel.
l The IF boards of an IF 1+1 FD/SD protection group must be configured in two paired slots.
Background Information
When a 1+0 service is converted into a 1+1 HSB protection configuration by configuring the IF
1+1 protection group, the original service is not interrupted. The board that carries the original
service, however, needs to be set as the working board.
Procedure
Step 1 For an IF 1+1 protection group comprised of ISU2 or ISX2 boards, set IF Service Type to
appropriate values for the main and standby IF boards according to the network plan.
NOTE
l Ensure that the values of IF Service Type set for the main and standby IF boards are the same and meet the
network plan requirements.
l For ISU2 or ISX2 boards, the default value of IF Service Type is Hybrid(Native E1+ETH).
1. In the NE Explorer, select the NE and then choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
2. Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.
3. Changes the values of IF Service Type for the main and standby IF boards according to
the network plan.
4. Click Apply.
Step 2 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > IF 1+1
Protection from the Function Tree.
NOTE
l When Working Mode is set to HSB, the equipment provides a 1+1 hot standby configuration for the
IF board and ODU at both ends of each hop of a radio link to realize the protection.
l When Working Mode is set to FD, the system uses two channels that have a frequency spacing between
them, to transmit and receive the same signal. The remote end selects signals from the two received
signals. With FD protection, the impact of the fading on signal transmission is reduced.
l When Working Mode is set to SD, the system uses two antennas that have a space distance between
them, to receive the same signal. The equipment selects signals from the two received signals. With
SD protection, the impact of the fading on signal transmission is reduced.
l When Revertive Mode is set to Revertive Mode, the NE that is in the switching state releases the
switching and enables the former working channel to return to the normal state some time after the
former working channel is restored to normal. It is recommended that you set this parameter to
Revertive Mode.
l When Revertive Mode is set to Non-Revertive, the NE that is in the switching state keeps the current
state unchanged unless another switching occurs even though the former working channel is restored
to normal.
l You can set WTR Time(s) only when Revertive Mode is set to Revertive Mode. It is recommended
that you use the default value.
l Enable Reverse Switching is valid only when Working Mode is set to HSB or SD.
l Generally, if Working Mode is set to HSB, it is recommended that you set Enable Reverse
Switching to Disabled; if Working Mode is set to SD, it is recommended that you set Enable Reverse
Switching to Enabled.
l Each of the parameters Working Mode, Revertive Mode, WTR Time(s),Anti-jitter Time(s) and
Enable Reverse Switching must be set to the same value at both ends of a radio hop.
l It is recommended that you set Alarm Report Mode to Only protection group alarms. In this case,
protection group alarms are reported to indicate radio link faults.
l It is recommended that Anti-jitter Time(s) take its default value.
Step 5 Click OK. Close the displayed operation result dialog box.
----End
Related References
A.9 Parameter Description: IF 1+1 Protection_Create
Prerequisite
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The IF boards and the ODUs to which the IF boards are connected must be added on the
NE Panel.
Precautions
l For 1+1 HSB/SD protection, you need to configure only the IF/ODU information of the
main radio link.
l For 1+1 FD protection, you need to configure the IF/ODU information of the main radio
link and the ODU information of the standby radio link.
l Before configuring XPIC workgroups, you need to set IF Service Type separately for IF
boards in the vertical polarization and those in horizontal polarization.
l For N+1 protection, you need to configure the IF/ODU information of the N+1 radio links
respectively.
l The MW_CFG_MISMATCH alarm is reported, if the E1 count, AM enabled status, STM-1
count, or modulation mode is set inconsistently for both ends of an Integrated IP radio link.
This alarm should be cleared immediately. Otherwise, services may be configured
unsuccessfully or interrupted.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from
the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.
Step 3 Click an IF board icon or ODU icon.
The system displays the IF/ODU information of the radio link that the IF board or ODU
connected to the IF board belongs to.
l After this operation, the IF board will be reset. Set other IF information after the IF board starts up.
l For ISU2 and ISX2 boards, set IF Service Type appropriately for the ISU2 and ISX2 boards before
configuring IF 1+1 protection, N+1 protection, and XPIC.
2. Set other IF information.
NOTE
l Link ID is set according to the network plan. Each radio link of an NE should have a unique link ID,
and the link IDs at both ends of a radio link should be the same.
l When AM Enable Status is set to Disabled, the radio link uses only the specified modulation scheme.
In this case, you need to select Manually Specified Modulation Mode.
l When AM Enable Status is set to Enabled, the radio link uses the corresponding modulation scheme
according to the channel conditions.
l Modulation Mode of the Guarantee AM Capacity specifies the lowest-order modulation scheme
that the AM function supports. This parameter is set according to the network plan. Generally, the value
of this parameter is determined by the service transmission bandwidth that the Hybrid radio must ensure
and the availability of the radio link that corresponds to this modulation scheme.
l Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity specifies the highest-order modulation scheme that the
AM function supports. This parameter is set according to the network plan. Generally, the value of this
parameter is determined by the bandwidth of the services that need to be transmitted over the Hybrid
radio and the availability of the radio link that corresponds to this modulation scheme.
l Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity must be higher than Modulation Mode of the Guarantee
AM Capacity.
l Power to Be Received(dBm) is used to set the expected receive power of the ODU and is mainly used
in the antenna alignment stage. After this parameter is set, the NE automatically enables the antenna
misalignment indicating function.
l When Power to Be Received(dBm) takes the default value (-10.0), the antenna misalignment
indicating function is disabled.
l In normal cases, it is recommended that you set TX Status to unmute.
----End
Related References
A.10 Parameter: Link Configuration_IF/ODU Configuration
Prerequisite
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The corresponding IF board must be added on the NE Panel.
Precautions
l For the IF boards that are configured with 1+1 protection, configure only the ATPC
attributes of the main IF board.
l The following procedure describes the ATPC parameter configurations in the IF port
configuration dialog box for the IF board. You can also configure ATPC parameters in the
Create XPIC Protection Group window.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the corresponding board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose
Configuration > IF Interface from the Function Tree.
NOTE
l The settings of the ATPC attributes must be consistent at both ends of a radio link.
l In the case of areas where fast fading severely affects the radio transmission, it is recommended that
you set ATPC Enable Status to Disabled.
l If ATPC Automatic Threshold Enable Status is set to Enabled, the equipment automatically uses
the preset ATPC upper and lower thresholds according to the work mode of the radio link.
l If ATPC Automatic Threshold Enable Status is set to Disabled, you need to manually set ATPC
Upper Automatic Threshold(dBm) and ATPC Lower Automatic Threshold(dBm).
l It is recommended that you set ATPC Upper Threshold(dBm) to the sum of the planned central value
between the ATPC upper threshold and the ATPC lower threshold and 10 dB, and ATPC Lower
Threshold(dBm) to the difference between the planned central value between the ATPC upper
threshold and the ATPC lower threshold and 10 dB.
----End
Prerequisite
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l When you need to synchronize the NE time with the time on the NMS server, the time zone
and time must be set correctly on the PC or server running the NMS software.
l When you need to synchronize the NE time with the time on the NTP server, the time on
the NTP server must be set correctly and the NTP protocol must be normal.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Configuration > NE Batch Configuration > NE Time Synchronization from the
Main Menu.
Step 3 In the physical view, select the NE whose time needs to be synchronized, and then click
Step 4 After the operation is complete, a dialog box is displayed indicating that the operation is
successful. Click Close.
Step 5 When you need to synchronize the NE time with the NMS time, set the time synchronization
mode and the related parameters.
1. Optional: The NE time is synchronized with the NMS time immediately.
a. Right-click the NE whose time needs to be synchronized, and then choose
Synchronize with NM Time from the shortcut menu.
b. Click Apply.
c. In the displayed confirmation dialog box, click Yes.
d. Close the displayed operation result dialog box.
NOTE
l When you need to synchronize the NE time with the NMS time, set Synchronous Mode to NM.
l When you need to synchronize the NE time with the time on the NTP server, set Synchronous Mode to
Standard NTP. Configure Standard NTP Authentication according to the requirements of the NTP server.
Step 6 When you need to synchronize the NE time with the time on the NTP server, set the time
synchronization mode and the related parameters.
1. Set Synchronous Mode to Standard NTP.
2. Configure Standard NTP Authentication according to the requirements of the NTP
server.
3. Click Apply.
4. Click Close. The dialog box that is displayed indicating the operation result is closed.
5. Configure the upper-layer NTP server.
a. Select the NE, right-click in the configuration box where the standard NTP server is
configured, and then choose New.
c. Click Apply.
d. Close the displayed operation result dialog box.
6. Optional: Copy the configuration of the upper-layer NTP server.
NOTE
Before the copy operation, set Synchronous Mode to Standard NTP for the source NE and the target
NE.
a. Select the NE to be copied, right-click, and then choose Copy Standard NTP
Server.
b. Select the NE to be pasted, right-click, and then choose Paste Standard NTP
Server.
c. In the displayed confirmation dialog box, click Yes.
d. Close the displayed operation result dialog box.
----End
Related References
A.12 Parameter Description: NE Time Synchronization
Prerequisite
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The corresponding source and sink boards must be added on NE Panel.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > SDH Service
Configuration from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click Options to change the VC-12 timeslot numbering policy used by the cross-connection.
----End
Related References
A.13 Parameter Description: SDH Service Configuration_Creation
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Clock >
Physical Clock > Clock Source Priority.
Step 2 Click the System Clock Source Priority List tab.
Step 3 Click Create.
The Add Clock Source dialog box is displayed.
Hold the Ctrl key on the keyboard to select multiple clock sources.
Step 7 Optional: Select a clock source and click or to adjust the priority of this
clock source.
NOTE
The clock priorities levels are arranged in a descending order from the first row to the last row. The internal
clock source is always of the lowest priority.
Step 8 Optional: Set External Clock Source Mode and Synchronous Status Byte for the external
clock sources.
----End
Related References
A.14 Parameter Description: Clock Source Priority Table
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Orderwire
from the Function Tree.
3. Click Apply.
----End
Related References
A.15 Parameter Description: Orderwire_General
A.16 Parameter Description: Orderwire_Advanced
NOTE
l It is recommended that you test low-priority Ethernet services in good weather conditions, where the AM
function works in the highest-efficiency modulation mode.
l The tested E1 services can be Native E1 services or CES E1 services.
Prerequisite
The NE must be configured with E1 services, and the E1 services must be transmitted through
the DDF.
For a test of CES services in CESoPSN mode, a BER tester supporting Nx64 Kbit/s timeslot setting is
necessary.
Procedure
Step 1 On the DDF at the central site, connect the BER tester to the first E1 port of the IDU.
The BER tester indicates the AIS alarm.
1
2
RX TX
3
. 4
..
.
BER tester
Step 2 On the NMS, perform an inloop for the corresponding E1 port at the remote site.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
For a test of CES services, it is necessary to configure 64 Kbit/s timeslots on a BER tester to align with the
timeslots carrying CES services.
8. Click Close.
Step 5 Repeat Step 1 through Step 4 to test all other E1 ports.
----End
Prerequisite
l The NE must be configured with E1 services, and the E1 services must be transmitted
through the DDF.
l The communication between the NMS and the NE must be normal.
Precautions
CAUTION
l When a PRBS test is performed, the services carried on the tested path are interrupted.
l The PRBS test can be performed only in a unidirectional manner and on one path at a time.
l CES services do not support a PRBS test.
Procedure
Step 1 On the NMS, perform an inloop for the corresponding E1 port at the remote site.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
Step 2 At the central site, on the NMS, select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
Step 3 In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PRBS Test.
Step 4 Select the first E1 port, and then set the following PRBS-related parameters:
l Direction: Cross
l Duration: a value from 120 to 180
l Measured in Time: seconds
----End
Prerequisite
Ethernet services must be configured.
NOTE
l It is recommended that you test low-priority Ethernet services in good weather conditions when the AM
function works in the highest-efficiency modulation mode.
l The tested Ethernet services can be Native Ethernet services, EoS/EoPDH services, or Ethernet services
carried by PWs.
NE 2 PORT 2
VLAN ID=100
NE 1
PORT 1
NE 3
PORT 3
Microwave network
VLAN ID=200
The VLAN ID of the Ethernet service from NE2 to NE1 is 100, and the VLAN ID of the Ethernet
service from NE3 to NE1 is 200.
NOTE
If the Ethernet ports are on the EMS6/EFP8 boards, you can still perform the following steps to test the
Ethernet services by eliminating the need to set up the remote maintenance end point. In addition, the
operations on the NMS are different. For details, see Creating MDs, Creating MAs, Creating MPs, and
Performing an LB Test.
Procedure
Step 1 Configure the maintenance domains of NE1, NE2, and NE3.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Ethernet
OAM Management > Ethernet Service OAM Management from the Function Tree.
2. Choose New > New Maintenance Domain.
The New Maintenance Domain dialog box is displayed.
3. Configure the parameters of the new maintenance domains.
l Maintenance Domain Name: MD1 for NE1, NE2, and NE3
The maintenance domain names and the maintenance domain levels of the NEs must be the same.
Click in Relevant Service, and select associated services in the New Maintenance
Association dialog box.
Step 4 Configure the remote MEPs for the maintenance associations of NE1, NE2, and NE3.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Ethernet
OAM Management > Ethernet Service OAM Management from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Maintenance Association tab.
3. Choose OAM > Manage Remote MEP Point. The Manage Remote MEP Point dialog
box is displayed.
4. Click New.
Then, the Add Maintenance Association Remote Maintenance Point dialog box is
displayed.
5. Set the parameters of the new remote MEPs.
l Remote Maintenance Point ID: 102 and 103 for NE1, and 101 for NE2 and NE3
NOTE
Set the Remote Maintenance Point ID of NE1 to the MP ID of NE2 and NE3, and set the
Remote Maintenance Point ID of NE2 and NE3 to the MP ID of NE1.
Step 5 Test the availability of the Ethernet services from NE1 to NE2 and NE3.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of the NE1, and then choose
Configuration > Ethernet OAM Management > Ethernet Service OAM.
2. Select the MD, MA, and MEP that correspond to Port 1, click OAM.
3. Select Start LB.
The LB Test window is displayed.
4. Select Destination Maintenance Point ID, and set the parameters in Test Node.
l Source Maintenance Point ID: 101 (maintenance point ID of NE1)
l Destination Maintenance Point ID: 102 (maintenance point ID of NE2)
l Transmitted Packet Count: 20 (recommended)
l Transmitted Packet Length: 64 (64 is a recommended value, and the parameter can
also be set to 128, 256, 512, 1024, and 1280 for testing the Ethernet services of different
packet lengths.)
NOTE
7. Repeat Step 5.4 to Step 5.6 to test the Ethernet services from NE1 to NE3.
l Source Maintenance Point ID: 101 (maintenance point ID of NE1)
l Destination Maintenance Point ID: 103 (maintenance point ID of NE3)
l Transmitted Packet Count: 20 (recommended)
l Transmitted Packet Length: 64 (recommended)
l Transmitted Packet Priority: 7 (recommended)
The LossRate in the Detection Result should be 0.
----End
Prerequisite
l End-to-end ATM services must be configured.
Background Information
When an LB test is performed on the ATM service, the segment and end attribute is set to specify
the types of transmitted ATM OAM cells.
l When Segment End Attribute is set to Segment point, segment LB cells are transmitted.
l When Segment End Attribute is set to Endpoint, end-to-end LB cells are transmitted.
VPI 1 101
VCI 51 501
NNI PW ID 1 1
Service source - -
Bound port - -
Figure 5-3 Connection diagram for testing the connectivity of the ATM service
UNI NNI NNI UNI
VPI VCI VPI VCI VPI VCI VPI VCI
1 51 101 501 101 501 101 501
NodeB NE A NE B RNC
Procedure
Step 1 Set the segment and end attributes of the ATM services on the NE A and NE B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select an NE and then choose Configuration > ATM OAM
Management from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Segment and End Attribute tab, and choose the ATM service to be tested.
3. As for NE A and NE B, set Segment and End Attribute to Segment point.
4. As for NE A and NE B, set Connection Direction to Sink.
5. Click Apply.
Step 2 Set the identifier at the loopback point from NE A to NE B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select an NE and then choose Configuration > ATM OAM
Management from the Function Tree. Click the LLID tab.
2. Set Country Code, Network Code, and NE Code.
Set the parameters of NE A as follows:
l Set Country Code to 00 86.
l Set Network Code to 00 16.
l Set NE Code to 00 09 78 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.
Set the parameters of NE B as follows:
l Set Country Code to 00 86.
l Set Network Code to 00 16.
l Set NE Code to 00 09 78 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00.
NOTE
If the default LLID is unique on a network, the default LLID can also be used.
3. Click Apply.
4. Click Close.
Step 3 Test the ATM service from NE A to NE B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A and then choose Configuration > ATM OAM
Management from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Remote Loopback Test tab, and choose the ATM service to be tested.
3. Set Loopback Point NE of the ATM service to be tested to NE B.
4. Click Test to start an LB test.
5. In normal situations, Test Result should be Test succeeded.
If the test is not successful, see Maintenance Guide and rectify the fault based on the test
result.
Step 4 Test the ATM service from NE B to NE A.
1. With reference of Step 1, set Connection Direction of NE A to Sink; set Connection
Direction of NE B to Source.
2. Select NE B from the NE Explorer. Then, choose Configuration > ATM OAM
Management from the Function Tree.
3. Click the Remote Loopback Test tab, and choose the ATM service to be tested.
----End
Prerequisite
l The antennas have been aligned.
l The radio links must be the Integrated IP radio links for which the AM function is enabled.
l The E1 service must be configured.
l The weather is favorable.
Precautions
The following test procedure uses the E1 services between NEs as an example.
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the BER tester to an E1 port on the local NE.
NOTE
Test the E1 services with the highest priority, which are not discarded in the lowest-order modulation mode.
Step 2 On the remote NE, perform an inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
Step 6 Configure the Hybrid/AM attribute to the planned values on the local NE.
1. Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > IF
Interface from the Function Tree.
2. Click the IF Attributes tab.
3. On the local NE, set the AM attribute to Enable, and set Modulation Mode of the
Guarantee AM Capacity and Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity to the planned
values.
4. Click Apply.
NOTE
When adverse weather prevails, the current modulation mode may be lower than the value of
Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity.
----End
Prerequisite
l The antennas have been aligned.
l The radio links must be the Integrated IP radio links for which the AM function is enabled.
l The weather is favorable.
Procedure
Step 1 Configure the Hybrid/AM attribute on the local NE.
1. Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > IF
Interface from the Function Tree.
2. Click the IF Attributes tab.
3. On the local NE, set the AM attribute to Disable, and set Manually Modulation Mode to
the same value as Modulation Mode of the Guarantee AM Capacity.
4. Click Apply.
Step 2 Query the 15-minute performance value of the IF board on the local NE.
1. Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > IF
Interface from the Function Tree.
2. Click the IF Attributes tab.
3. Click Query.
Transmit-End Modulation mode should be Modulation Mode of the Full AM
Capacity of a preset value.
NOTE
When adverse weather prevails, the current modulation mode may be lower than the value of
Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity.
----End
Prerequisite
l The antennas have been aligned.
l The equipment is configured with IF 1+1 protection.
l E1 services are configured.
NE A NE B
As shown in Figure 5-4, the following procedures use the E1 services between NE A and NE
B that are configured with 1+1 HSB protection as an example.
NOTE
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection is set to HSB, TX Status should be set to Mute for the ODU
on the main channel of NE A, and Enable Reverse Switching should be set to Enable. The switching occurs
at NE A.
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection is set to SD, TX Status should be set to Mute for the ODU on
the main channel of NE A, and Enable Reverse Switching should be set to Enable. The switching occurs
at NE A.
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection is set to FD, TX Status should be set to Mute for the ODU on
the main channel of NE B. The switching occurs at NE A.
Precautions
NOTE
If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of Active Board of Device or Active Board
of Channel in Protection Group before and after the protection switching.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Perform Step 2 through Step 11.
No BER tester is available on site Perform Step 6 through Step 10.
Step 2 On NE A at the central site, connect one E1 port to the BER tester.
Step 3 On NE B at the remote site, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Check the test result on the BER tester. It
should show that the services are restored after
transient interruption.
No BER tester is available on site, and the Refer to 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using
E1 services are transmitted on the radio PRBS to test availability of the E1 services.
link
No BER tester is available on site, and the Refer to 5.3 Testing Ethernet Services to test
Ethernet services are transmitted on the availability of the Ethernet services.
radio link
Step 9 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and choose
Configuration > IF 1+1 Protection from the Function Tree.
2. Select the corresponding protection group in Protection Group, and click Query.
3. In Protection Group, the value of Active Board of Device should be the standby IF board
5-ISU2.
----End
Prerequisite
l The antennas have been aligned.
l The equipment must be configured with the N+1 protection.
NE A NE B
As shown in Figure 5-5, the following procedures consider the E1 services between NE A and
NE B that are configured with the N+1 (N=2) configuration as an example.
Precautions
NOTE
If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of Switching Status in Slot Mapping
Relation before and after the protection switching.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Perform Step 2 to Step 10.
No BER tester is available on site Perform Step 5 to Step 9.
Step 2 At the central site NE A, connect one E1 port to the BER tester.
Step 3 At the remote site NE B, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
Step 5 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE B.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE B, and then choose
Configuration > N+1 protection from the Function Tree.
2. Select the ID of the protection group to be queried, and then click Query.
3. In Slot Mapping Relation, Switching Status of the working units 3-ISU2-1 and 5-
ISU2-1 and the protection unit 4-ISU2-1 should be Normal.
NOTE
If a fault arises, you must rectify the fault and then proceed with the N+1 protection testing.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Check the test result on the BER tester. It
should show that the services are restored after
a transient interruption.
No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS
E1 services are transmitted on the radio to test availability of the E1 services.
link.
No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.3 Testing Ethernet Services to test
Ethernet services are transmitted on the availability of the Ethernet service.
radio link.
Step 8 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE B.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE B, and then choose
Configuration > N+1 protection from the Function Tree.
2. Select the ID of the protection group to be queried, and then click Query.
3. In Slot Mapping Relation, the Switching Status of the working unit 3-ISU2-1 for the
service that is configured with the N+1 protection should be SF.
----End
Prerequisite
l The antennas have been aligned.
l The equipment is configured with the SNCP.
NE A
Working
Protecting SNC SNC
NE D
NE B
NE C
Precautions
NOTE
If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of Active Channel in Working Service before
an d after the protection switching.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Perform Step 2 through Step 10.
No BER tester is available on site Perform Step 5 through Step 9.
Step 2 At the central site NE A, connect one E1 port to the BER tester.
Step 3 At the remote site NE C, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Check the test result on the BER tester. It
should show that the services are restored after
a transient interruption.
If... Then...
No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS
E1 services are transmitted on the radio to test availability of the E1 services.
link.
Step 8 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE C.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE C, and choose
Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree.
2. Click Function, and then select Query Switching Status.
3. The current SNCP status of the equipment is displayed in Working Service and Protection
Service.
In Current Status, the service switching mode is displayed. In Active Channel,
Protection Channel should be displayed.
----End
Prerequisite
l The equipment is configured with ERPS.
l The network cable for carrying the working and protection Ethernet services of ERPS is
properly connected.
East West
NE B
Protection channel East
West
NE A NE D
East
West
Working channel
NE C
West
East
Procedure
Step 1 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE D.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE D, and choose
Configuration > Ethernet Protection > ERPS Management from the Function Tree.
2. Select the ERPS protection group to be queried, and click Query.
3. The value of State Machine Status should be Idle.
Step 2 Refer to 5.3 Testing Ethernet Services to test availability of the Ethernet services.
The LossRate in the Detection Result should be 0.
Step 4 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE D.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE D, and choose
Configuration > Ethernet Protection > ERPS Management from the Function Tree.
2. Select the ERPS protection group to be queried, and click Query.
3. The value of State Machine Status should be Protection.
Step 5 Refer to 5.3 Testing Ethernet Services to test availability of the Ethernet services.
The LossRate in the Detection Result should be 0.
----End
Prerequisite
l The MPLS tunnel protection group must be created properly.
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Background Information
1:1 protection
In normal situations, services are transmitted in the working tunnel. That is, services are
transmitted and received in a different tunnel respectively. When the working tunnel is faulty,
the equipment at the transmit end transmits services through the protection tunnel, and the
equipment at the receive end receive services through the protection tunnel after a negotiation
through the APS protocol. Therefore, service switching is realized.
Figure 5-8 Connection diagram for testing the MPLS APS protection
Working Tunnel
NE A NE B
Protection Tunnel
Procedure
Step 1 Query the switching status of the current MPLS tunnel 1:1 protection group on NE A and NE
B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A and then choose Configuration > APS Protection
Management from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Tunnel APS Management tab, right-click the tested protection group, and then
choose Query Switching Status from the shortcut menu, to check the MPLS protection
group configured on the NE.
3. Choose the protection group for switching, and check its switching status. In normal
situations, the switching status should be Normal.
Step 2 Switch the services to the protection tunnel manually and forcedly.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A and then choose Configuration > APS Protection
Management from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Tunnel APS Management tab and choose the protection group for switching.
3. Right-click the tested protection group, and then choose Forced Switching from the
shortcut menu.
NOTE
l Forced switching: With the highest priority, the operation is performed no matter whether the
current status of the protection tunnel is normal.
l Manual switching: The operation is performed only when the status of the protection tunnel is
normal.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
4. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
5. Click Close.
Step 3 Query the switching status of the MPLS 1:1 protection groups on NE A and NE B after the
switching.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A and then choose Configuration > APS Protection
Management from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Tunnel APS Management tab and choose the protection group for switching.
3. Right-click the tested protection group and then choose Query Switching Status from the
shortcut menu, to check Switching Status of the tunnel protection group.
In normal situations, the switching status should be Forced Switching.
4. Query Active Tunnel of the tunnel protection group.
In normal situation, Working should be Standby, and Protection should be Active.
NOTE
l If Forced Switching is performed at the previous step, the state of the protection group should be
Forced Switching.
l If Manual Switching to Protection is performed at the previous step, the state of the protection group
should be Manual (Working to Protection) Switching.
----End
Prerequisite
l The equipment must be configured with linear MSP.
l The working and protection optical fibers of the linear MSP are connected properly.
NE A Working channel NE B
Protection channel
Precautions
NOTE
If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of West Switching Status in Slot Mapping
Relation before and after the protection switching.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Perform Step 2 to Step 10.
No BER tester is available on site Perform Step 5 to Step 9.
Step 2 At the central site NE A, connect one E1 port to the BER tester.
Step 3 At the remote site NE B, perform a software inloop at the corresponding E1 port by using the
NMS.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
Step 4 Test the BER by using the BER tester. The BER tester should show that no bit errors occur.
If bit errors occur, see the Maintenance Guide for handling the bit errors.
Step 5 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose
Configuration > Linear MS from the Function Tree.
2. In Slot Mapping Relation, select Working Unit.
3. Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status.
In Slot Mapping Relation, the value of West Switching Status should be Idle.
NOTE
In the case of the working and protection units of the services that are configured with the linear MSP, the
values of West Switching Status should be Idle. If a fault arises, you must rectify the fault and proceed
with the linear MSP switching testing.
If... Then...
The BER tester is available on site Check the test result on the BER tester. It
should show that the services are restored after
a transient interruption.
If... Then...
No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS
E1 services are transmitted on the optical to test availability of the E1 services.
fiber link.
Step 8 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose
Configuration > Linear MS from the Function Tree.
2. In Slot Mapping Relation, select Working Unit.
3. Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status.
In Slot Mapping Relation, the value of West Switching Status should be Switch upon
signal failure.
NOTE
In the case of the 1+1 linear MSP, Revertive Mode can be set to Revertive or Non-Revertive. In the case
of the 1:N linear MSP, Revertive Mode is always set to Revertive.
l After the automatic switching occurs on the equipment, the services are restored. If Revertive
Mode is set to Revertive for the linear MSP, the change in values of West Switching Status and
Protected Unit can be queried after the WTR time expires.
l After the automatic switching occurs on the equipment, the services are restored. If Revertive
Mode is set to Non-Revertive for the linear MSP, stop and then start the MSP protocol to restore the
value of West Switching Status to Idle.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
----End
Prerequisite
The clock configuration is complete. The link that transmits clocks is in the normal state.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Clock >
Physical Clock > Clock Synchronization Status from the Function Tree.
l If the clock of an NE is selected as the working clock of the radio network, this clock should be in free-
run mode and the clocks of the other NEs should be in locked mode.
l If a service clock or an external clock is selected as the working clock of the radio network, the clocks
of all the NEs should be in locked mode.
Step 3 Repeat Step 1 through Step 2 to check the working modes of the other NEs on the radio network.
----End
Prerequisite
l The weather is favorable.
l The antennas must be aligned, and the RSLs at both ends of the radio link and the cross-
polarization discrimination (XPD) must meet the requirements.
Background Information
The principle of the FM test is as follows:
l Test the corresponding relations between RSLs and MSEs at multiple sites.
l Calculate the RSL corresponding to the demodulation threshold of the MSE, that is, the
receiver sensitivity of the site.
l The current RSL minus the receiver sensitivity is the FM.
Precautions
1. The FM test can be supported by the IFU2 board and IFX2 board.
2. When the FM is tested, all the services carried on the radio link maybe interrupted.
3. For a radio link with 1+1 protection, it is recommended that you lock the protection path
before testing the main radio link and that you switch the signal to the standby path forcedly
before you test the standby radio link. The main and standby radio paths are tested
synchronously. Therefore, the FMs of the working and protection boards are reported at
the same time.
4. For an XPIC radio link, the paths in polarization direction V and polarization direction H
are tested synchronously. Therefore, the FMs of the working and protection boards are
reported at the same time.
Procedure
Step 1 Optional: Lock the protection channel if the radio link between two sites is under 1+1 protection.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > IF 1
+1 Protection from the Function Tree.
2. In Slot Mapping Relation, select the working unit or protection unit. Then, right-click the
selected unit.
3. Choose Protection Lockout from the shortcut menu.
4. In the displayed dialog box, click OK.
5. Click OK again to close the dialog box.
Step 2 Disable the ATPC function on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select the corresponding IF board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose
Configuration > IF Interface.
2. Click the ATPC Attributes tab.
3. Set ATPC Enable Status to Disabled.
4. Click Apply.
Step 3 Optional: If any E1 services between the two sites are E1 Priority enabled, delete these E1
services.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > SDH
Service Configuration from the Function Tree.
2. Select the services, and right-click Delete.
A confirmation dialog box is displayed to prompt you whether to delete the selected
services.
3. Click OK.
Step 4 Disable the E1 priority function and AM function on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Link
Configuration.
2. Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.
3. Select the required IF board, and set Enable E1 Priority to Disable.
4. Click Apply.
5. Select the corresponding IF board, and set AM Status to Disabled.
6. Set Manual Modulation Mode to the highest-efficiency modulation scheme.
7. Click Apply.
Step 5 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Fade
Margin.
Step 6 Click the Fade Margin tab.
Step 7 Select the IF board corresponding to the radio link that needs to be tested.
Step 11 Restore the ATPC function on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select the corresponding IF board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose
Configuration > IF Interface.
2. Click the ATPC Attributes tab.
3. Set ATPC Enable Status to Enabled.
4. Click Apply.
Step 12 Restore the AM function and E1 priority on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Link
Configuration.
2. Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.
Step 14 Optional: Cancel the protection lockout for the 1+1 protection on the radio link.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
2. In Slot Mapping Relation, select the working unit or protection unit. Then, right-click the
selected unit.
3. Choose Clear from the shortcut menu.
4. Click OK to close the displayed dialog box.
----End
Prerequisite
l The antennas must be aligned.
l The E1 service must be configured.
Precautions
l If 24-hour BER cannot be tested for each hop of link because of restrictions of the actual
situation, perform the test for the E1 services at the first node and the last node. Through
this method, you can ensure that the test path cover all the radio links.
l The following test procedure uses the E1 services between NEs as an example.
NOTE
l It is recommended that you test low-priority Ethernet services in good weather conditions, where the AM
function works in the highest-efficiency modulation mode.
l The tested E1 services can be Native E1 services or CES E1 services.
l To test CES services in CESoPSN mode, a BER tester supporting Nx64 kbit/s timeslot setting is necessary.
l To test CES services in CESoPSN mode, test the E1 services one by one if the number of timeslots of the
services is different from each other. Do not test the services in a serial manner.
l To test CES E1 services, disable the automatic loopback release function on the PDH interface board.
1. Choose Configuration > NE Batch Configuration > Automatic Disabling of NE Function from the
Main Menu. The Automatic Disabling of NE Function window is displayed.
2. Select the required NEs in the Object Tree on the left side of the Automatic Disabling of NE
Function window. Then, click . The Automatic Disabling of NE Function window lists the
selected NEs.
3. For SDH Optical/Electrical Interface Loopback, set Auto Disabling to Disabled.
4. Click Apply.
Procedure
Step 1 At the central site, extract several typical E1 services on the equipment and then connect them
to the DDF in a serial manner. After that, input these services into the BER tester.
DDF
RX TX
1
2
RX TX
3
. 4
..
.
BER tester
Step 2 On the equipment at the remote site, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
Step 3 Perform the 24-hour BER test by using the BER tester.
Step 4 Record the test result, which should meet the design requirements.
Step 5 Release the loopback and serial connection.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
----End
Follow-up Procedure
l If the first 24-hour BER test does not meet the specified requirement, find out the cause
and rectify the fault. Perform another 24-hour BER test until the test is passed.
l If the BER exceeds the nominal value in the test for a serial connection, locate the fault by
using the dichotomizing search or other methods until each channel passes the 24-hour
BER test independently.
To improve commissioning efficiency, Huawei has developed the handheld tool dedicated to
the site commissioning of the OptiX RTN equipment.
Screen
Charge indicator
Digit keys
Decimal points
Up and down Battery
Backspace
keys area
Function keys
Communication
port Back
Reset port cover lock
The keys include digit keys, function keys, power key, and confirmation key. The window
mainly displays configuration information about the NE and modification.
Screen
Up and down
keys
Reset port
1 2 3 Communic-
Digit keys ation port
4 5 6 F1
Function
7 8 9 F2 keys
Backspace C 0 F3
Charge
indicator Power key
Front Back
Type I and type IV are almost the same. The main difference is with regard to the key
arrangement.
This topic uses an example of configuring service data of one hop of TDM radio equipment to
describe how to configure service data.
Tx high Tx low
NE A NE B
Link ID
Tx high station Tx Freq.
Tx low station Tx Freq.
Radio work mode
RF configuarion
Polarization
NOTE
The ODU that is connected to the IF board in slot n occupies logical slot 20+n. The logical slot of the ODU
is not shown in the board layout diagram.
NE attributes
Parameter NE A NE B
NE ID 101 102
Parameter Link 1
Tx high site NE A
Tx low site NE B
Parameter Link 1
Add/Drop
Foward
E1 services between NE A and NE B: Ports 1-8 on the SP3D board in slot 2 add/drop services.
Parameter NE A NE B
Parameter NE A NE B
Occupied E1 E1
overhead type
Precautions
If operations including changing the ID of an NE, modifying the parameters of NE
communication, and configuring logical boards are already performed, start site commissioning
from Step 5.
Procedure
Step 1 See Creating NEs by Using the Search Method and create the NEs.
Parameter Value
NOTE
In this example, the following assumptions are made: the IP address of the gateway NE is never changed and
the specific IP address is unknown. Therefore, the network segment 129.9.255.255 is used as the search domain
to search for NEs. If the IP address of the gateway NE is known, it is recommended that you set the IP address
of the gateway NE as the search domain.
In normal cases, NE A and NE B are created in NE List.
Parameter Value
NE A NE B
ID 101 102
Parameter Value
NE A NE B
Configure logical boards based on their mapping relationships with the physical boards.
Parameter Value
NE A NE B
Step 6 See Configuring IF/ODU Information for a Radio Link and configure the IF/ODU
information.
TX Power(dBm) 5 5
Step 7 See Creating Cross-Connections for Point-to-Point Services and create the cross-
connections.
Parameter Value
NE A NE B
Sink VC4 - -
Parameter Value
NE A NE B
- 5-IF1-1
Step 9 See Configuring the Orderwire Phone and configure the orderwire phone.
Parameter Value
NE A NE B
Parameter Value
NE A NE B
----End
A Parameters Description
This topic describes the parameters that are related to the priority table of a clock source.
A.15 Parameter Description: Orderwire_General
This topic describes the parameters that are used for general orderwire features.
A.16 Parameter Description: Orderwire_Advanced
This topic describes the parameters that are used for advanced orderwire features.
Navigation Path
Choose File > Discovery > NE from the Main Menu.
Address Type IP Address of GNE IP Address Range of GNE l If the OSI protocol is
NSAP Address used on the DCN, you
can search for an NE
IP Address Range of GNE based on NSAP
Address only.
l If the IP protocol is
used on the DCN, you
can search for an NE
based on IP Address
of GNE or IP Address
Range of GNE.
l To search for all the
NEs that communicate
with the gateway NE,
select IP Address
Range of GNE.
l To select the gateway
NE only, select IP
Address of GNE.
NOTE
If Address Type is set to IP
Address of GNE or IP
Address Range of GNE,
and if the U2000 (server)
and the gateway NE are
located in different network
segments, ensure that the
U2000 and relevant routers
are configured with the IP
routes for the network
segment in which the
U2000 and gateway NE are
located.
If Address Type is set to
NSAP Address, ensure that
the OSI protocol stack is
installed.
Related Tasks
5.1.1 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method
Navigation Path
In the NE List, select the target NE and click NE Login.
Parameters
Parameter Value Range Default Value Description
Use the same user Selected Deselected When this parameter is selected, enter User
name and Deselected Name and Password to log in to all the
password to login selected NEs.
Use the user name Selected Deselected When this parameter is selected, enter User
and password that Deselected Name and Password that were used for the
was used last time latest login to log in to the NE.
Related Tasks
4.2.3 Logging In to an NE
Navigation Path
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > NE
Attribute from the Function Tree.
2. Click Modify NE ID. The Modify NE ID dialog box is displayed.
Related Tasks
4.2.4 Changing the NE ID
Navigation Path
1. In the Main Topology, right-click the NE whose ID needs to be changed.
2. Choose Object Attributes.
3. Click Modify NE ID.
Related Tasks
5.1.2 Changing the NE ID
Navigation Path
Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication >
Communication Parameters from the Function Tree.
Connection Mode Common + Security Common + Security l Specifies the connection mode that the
SSL SSL gateway NE allows the NMS to use for
Common connecting to the gateway NE.
Security SSL l If the gateway NE has no special
security requirement for connection to
the NMS, Connection Mode can be set
to Common.
l If the gateway NE requests secure
connection to the NMS for preventing
information interception and cracking,
Connection Mode needs to be set to
Security SSL.
l If NE communication security level
needs to be the same as NMS
communication security level,
Connection Mode needs to be set to
Common + Security SSL.
l The default parameter value is
recommended unless the gateway NE
requires that the NMS use the SSL
connection mode.
l The parameter value takes effect only
when it is set for a gateway NE and the
gateway NE is connected to the NMS by
means of the IP protocol.
Related Tasks
4.2.6 Setting NE Communication Parameters
5.1.4 Setting NE Communication Parameters
Navigation Path
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
2. Click the XPIC tab.
3. Click New.
Parameters
Parameter Value Range Default Value Description
Related Tasks
4.2.10 Creating an XPIC Workgroup
Navigation Path
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
2. Click the XPIC tab.
Related Tasks
4.2.11 Setting the Hybrid/AM Attributes of the XPIC Workgroup
Navigation Path
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Link
Configuration > IF 1+1 Protection from the Function Tree.
2. Click New.
Parameters
Parameter Value Range Default Value Description
Revertive Mode Revertive Mode Revertive Mode l This parameter specifies the revertive
Non-Revertive mode of the IF 1+1 protection.
Mode l When this parameter is set to Revertive
Mode, the NE that is in the switching
state releases the switching and enables
the former working channel to return to
the normal state some time after the
former working channel is restored to
normal.
l When this parameter is set to Non-
Revertive Mode, the NE that is in the
switching state keeps the current state
unchanged unless another switching
occurs even though the former working
channel is restored to normal.
l It is recommended that you set this
parameter to Revertive Mode.
WTR Time(s) 300 to 720 600 l This parameter specifies the wait-to-
restore (WTR) time.
l When the time after the former working
channel is restored to normal reaches the
set WTR time, a revertive switching
occurs.
l You can set WTR Time(s) only when
Revertive Mode is set to Revertive
Mode.
l It is recommended that you use the
default value.
Alarm Report Only board alarms - l When Alarm Report Mode is set to
Mode Only Protection Only board alarms, only IF board
group alarms alarms are reported.
Protection group l When Alarm Report Mode is set to
and board alarms Only protection group alarms, alarms
are reported if a protection group fails or
degrades and suppress IF board alarms
and radio link alarms.
l When Alarm Report Mode is set to
Protection group and board alarms,
IF board alarms and protection group
alarms are reported.
l It is recommended that you set Alarm
Report Mode to Only protection
group alarms. In this case, protection
group alarms are reported to indicate
radio link faults.
NOTE
The faulty board reports related fault alarms
regardless of parameter settings.
NOTE
Each of the parameters Working Mode, Revertive Mode, WTR Time(s), and Enable Reverse
Switching must be set to the same value at both ends of a radio hop.
Related Tasks
4.2.8 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group
Navigation Path
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > IF 1+1
Protection from the Function Tree.
2. Click Create.
Parameters
Parameter Value Range Default Value Description
Revertive Mode Revertive Mode Revertive Mode l This parameter specifies the revertive
Non-Revertive mode of the IF 1+1 protection.
l When Revertive Mode is set to
Revertive Mode, the NE that is in the
switching state releases the switching
and enables the former working channel
to return to the normal state some time
after the former working channel is
restored to normal. It is recommended
that you set this parameter to Revertive
Mode.
l When Revertive Mode is set to Non-
Revertive, the NE that is in the
switching state keeps the current state
unchanged unless another switching
occurs even though the former working
channel is restored to normal.
WTR Time(s) 300 to 720 600 l This parameter specifies the wait-to-
restore (WTR) time.
l When the time after the former working
channel is restored to normal reaches the
set WTR Time(s), a revertive switching
occurs.
l You can set WTR Time(s) only when
Revertive Mode is set to Revertive
Mode. It is recommended that you use
the default value.
Alarm Report Only board alarms Only board alarms l When Alarm Report Mode is set to
Mode Only protection Only board alarms, only IF board
group alarms alarms are reported.
Protection group l When Alarm Report Mode is set to
and board alarms Only protection group alarms, alarms
are reported if a protection group fails or
degrades and suppress IF board alarms
and radio link alarms.
l When Alarm Report Mode is set to
Protection group and board alarms,
IF board alarms and protection group
alarms are reported.
l It is recommended that you set Alarm
Report Mode to Only protection
group alarms. In this case, protection
group alarms are reported to indicate
radio link faults.
NOTE
The faulty board reports related fault alarms
regardless of parameter settings.
NOTE
Each of the parameters Working Mode, Revertive Mode, WTR Time(s),Anti-jitter Time(s) and Enable
Reverse Switching must be set to the same value at both ends of a radio hop.
Related Tasks
5.1.6 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group
Navigation Path
1. In the NE Explorer, select the NE and then choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
Equipment Information
Parameter Value Range Default Value Description
Related Tasks
4.2.9 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link
5.1.7 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link
Navigation Path
l Select the corresponding board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose
Configuration > IF Interface from the Function Tree.
l Click the ATPC Attributes tab.
Parameters
Parameter Value Range Default Value Description
ATPC Upper - -45.0 l Set the central value between the ATPC
Threshold(dBm) upper threshold and the ATPC lower
threshold to a value for the expected
ATPC Lower - -70.0 receive power.
l It is recommended that you set ATPC
Threshold(dBm)
Upper Threshold(dBm) to the sum of
the planned central value between the
ATPC upper threshold and the ATPC
lower threshold and 10 dB, and ATPC
Lower Threshold(dBm) to the
difference between the planned central
value between the ATPC upper threshold
and the ATPC lower threshold and 10
dB.
l You can set the ATPC upper threshold
only when ATPC Automatic
Threshold(dBm) is set to Disabled.
Navigation Path
1. Choose Configuration > NE Batch Configuration > NE Time Synchronization from
the Main Menu.
2. Click the NE Time Synchronization tab.
Related Tasks
5.1.9 Synchronizing the NE Time
5.1.9 Synchronizing the NE Time
Navigation Path
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > SDH
Service Configuration from the Function Tree.
2. Click Options to change the VC-12 timeslot numbering policy used by the cross-
connection.
3. Click Create.
Parameters
Parameter Value Range Default Value Description
Related Tasks
5.1.10 Creating the Cross-Connections of Point-to-Point Services
Navigation Path
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Clock >
Physical Clock > Clock Source Priority.
2. Click the System Clock Source Priority List tab.
Parameters
Parameter Value Range Default Value Description
Related Tasks
5.1.11 Configuring the Clock Sources
Navigation Path
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration >
Orderwire from the Function Tree.
Parameters
Parameter Value Range Default Value Description
Dialling Mode Pulse Dual-Tone This parameter indicates the dialling mode
Dual-Tone Frequency of the orderwire phone.
Frequency
Related Tasks
4.2.13 Configuring the Orderwire
5.1.12 Configuring Orderwire
Navigation Path
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration >
Orderwire from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Advanced tab.
Related Tasks
4.2.13 Configuring the Orderwire
5.1.12 Configuring Orderwire
B Glossary
B.1 0-9
This section provides the terms starting with numbers.
B.2 A-E
This section provides the terms starting with letters A to E.
B.3 F-J
This section provides the terms starting with letters F to J.
B.4 K-O
This section provides the terms starting with letters K to O.
B.5 P-T
This section provides the terms starting with letters P to T.
B.6 U-Z
This section provides the terms starting with letters U to Z.
B.1 0-9
This section provides the terms starting with numbers.
1U The standard electronics industries association (EIA) rack unit (44 mm/1.75 in.)
B.2 A-E
This section provides the terms starting with letters A to E.
B
backward defect When detecting a defect, the sink node of an LSP uses backward defect indication (BDI)
indication to inform the upstream end of the LSP of a downstream defect along the return path.
bandwidth A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in a
network. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies the
transmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.
base station controller A logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM network. It interworks
with the BTS through the Abis interface, the MSC through the A interface. It provides
the following functions: radio resource management, base station management, power
control, handover control, and traffic measurement. One BSC controls and manages one
or more BTSs in an actual network.
base transceiver station A Base Transceiver Station terminates the radio interface. It allows transmission of traffic
and signaling across the air interface. The BTS includes the baseband processing, radio
equipment, and the antenna.
basic input/output A firmware stored in the computer mainboard. It contains basic input/output control
system programs, power-on self test (POST) programs, bootstraps, and system setting
information. The BIOS provides hardware setting and control functions for the computer.
BDI See backward defect indication
BE See best effort
BER See bit error rate
best effort A traditional IP packet transport service. In this service, the diagrams are forwarded
following the sequence of the time they reach. All diagrams share the bandwidth of the
network and routers. The amount of resource that a diagram can use depends of the time
it reaches. BE service does not ensure any improvement in delay time, jitter, packet loss
ratio, and high reliability.
binding strap The binding strap is 12.7 mm wide, with one hook side (made of transparent
polypropylene material) and one mat side (made of black nylon material).
BIOS See basic input/output system
BIP See bit interleaved parity
bit error An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal and the corresponding
bit in the received digital signal.
bit error rate Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index used to measure the
communications quality of a network.
bit interleaved parity A method of error monitoring. With even parity an X-bit code is generated by the
transmitting equipment over a specified portion of the signal in such a manner that the
first bit of the code provides even parity over the first bit of all X-bit sequences in the
covered portion of the signal, the second bit provides even parity over the second bit of
all X-bit sequences within the specified portion, etc. Even parity is generated by setting
the BIP-X bits so that there is an even number of 1s in each monitored partition of the
signal. A monitored partition comprises all bits which are in the same bit position within
the X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The covered portion includes
the BIP-X.
BPDU See bridge protocol data unit
bridge protocol data The data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an extended LAN that
unit uses a spanning tree protocol (STP) topology. BPDU packets contain information on
ports, addresses, priorities and costs and ensure that the data ends up where it was
intended to go. BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a
network topology. The loops are then removed by shutting down selected bridges
interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state.
broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range is
determined by the broadcast address.
BSC See base station controller
BTS See base transceiver station
buffer A storage area used for handling data in transit. Buffers are used in inter-networking to
compensate for differences in processing speed between network devices. Bursts of data
can be stored in buffers until they can be handled by slower processing devices. In a
program, buffers are created to hold some amount of data from each of the files that will
be read or written. In a streaming media application, the program uses buffers to store
an advance supply of audio or video data to compensate for momentary delays.
C
cable tie The tape used to bind the cables.
cable tray N/A
cable trough N/A
CAR See committed access rate
CBR See constant bit rate
CBS See committed burst size
CC See connectivity check
CCC See circuit cross connect
CCDP See co-channel dual polarization
CCM See continuity check message
CE See customer edge
central processing unit The computational and control unit of a computer. The CPU is the device that interprets
and executes instructions. The CPU has the ability to fetch, decode, and execute
instructions and to transfer information to and from other resources over the computer's
main data-transfer path, the bus.
CES See circuit emulation service
CF See compact flash
CGMP See Cisco Group Management Protocol
channel A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or at a specific speed between two
or more locations in a network. The channel can be established through wire, radio
(microwave), fiber or a combination of the three. The amount of information transmitted
per second in a channel is the information transmission speed, expressed in bits per
second. For example, b/s (100 bit/s), kb/s (103 bit/s), Mb/s (106 bit/s), Gb/s (109 bit/s),
and Tb/s (1012 bit/s).
constant bit rate A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transfers cells based on
the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that depend on precise
clocking to ensure undistorted transmission.
continuity check CCM is used to detect the link status.
message
corrugated pipe Used to protect optical fibers.
CPU See central processing unit
CRC See cyclic redundancy check
cross polarization A technology used in the case of the Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) to eliminate
interference the cross-connect interference between two polarization waves in the CCDP.
cancellation
customer edge A part of BGP/MPLS IP VPN model. It provides interfaces for direct connection to the
Service Provider (SP) network. A CE can be a router, switch, or host.
CWDM See coarse wavelength division multiplexing
cyclic redundancy A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses
check a complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending
device performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that it
sends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation after
transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmission
was error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmission
includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.
D
data communication A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the Data
network Communication Function (DCF).
data communications The data channel that uses the D1-D12 bytes in the overhead of an STM-N signal to
channel transmit information on operation, management, maintenance and provision (OAM&P)
between NEs. The DCC channels that are composed of bytes D1-D3 is referred to as the
192 kbit/s DCC-R channel. The other DCC channel that are composed of bytes D4-D12
is referred to as the 576 kbit/s DCC-M channel.
Datagram A kind of PDU which is used in Connectionless Network Protocol, such as IP datagram,
UDP datagram.
DC See direct current
DC-C See DC-return common (with ground)
DC-C DC-return common (with ground)
DC-C See DC-return common (with ground)
DC-I See DC-return isolate (with ground)
DC-return common A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with
(with ground) the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line between
the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DC-return common A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with
(with ground) the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line between
the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DC-return isolate (with A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with
ground) the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and is isolated from the PGND
on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DCC See data communications channel
DCN See data communication network
DDF See digital distribution frame
DDN See digital data network
DE See discard eligible
differentiated services A service architecture that provides the end-to-end QoS function. It consists of a series
of functional units implemented at the network nodes, including a small group of per-
hop forwarding behaviors, packet classification functions, and traffic conditioning
functions such as metering, marking, shaping and policing.
differentiated services A marker in the header of each IP packet that prompts network routers to apply
code point differentiated grades of service to various packet streams. It is specified by the DiffServ
policy proposed by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). This allows Internet and
other IP-based network service providers to offer different levels of service to customers.
DiffServ See differentiated services
digital data network A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel (such as fiber
channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel) and the cross multiplex
technology.
digital distribution A type of equipment used between the transmission equipment and the exchange with
frame transmission rate of 2 to 155 Mbit/s to provide the functions such as cables connection,
cable patching, and test of loops that transmitting digital signals.
digital modulation A digital modulation controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency of the
carrier based on the changes in the baseband digital signal. In this manner, the
information can be transmitted by the carrier.
direct current Electrical current whose direction of flow does not reverse. The current may stop or
change amplitude, but it always flows in the same direction.
discard eligible A bit in the frame relay header. It indicates the priority of a packet. If a node supports
the FR QoS, the rate of the accessed FR packets is controlled. When the packet traffic
exceeds the specified traffic, the DE value of the redundant packets is set to 1. In the
case of network congestion, the packets with DE value as 1 are discarded at the node.
Distance Vector An Internet gateway protocol mainly based on the RIP. The protocol implements a typical
Multicast Routing dense mode IP multicast solution. The DVMRP protocol uses IGMP to exchange routing
Protocol datagrams with its neighbors.
DS boundary node A DS node that connects one DS domain to a node either in another DS domain or in a
domain that is not DS-capable.
DS domain In the DifferServ mechanism, the DS domain is a domain consisting of a group of
network nodes that share the same service provisioning policy and same PHB. It provides
point-to-point QoS guarantees for services transmitted over this domain.
DS interior node A DS node located at the center of a DS domain. It is a non-DS boundary node.
DS node A DS-compliant node, which is subdivided into DS boundary node and ID interior node.
DSCP See differentiated services code point
dual-polarized antenna An antenna intended to radiate or receive simultaneously two independent radio waves
orthogonally polarized.
DVMRP See Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
E
E-Aggr See Ethernet aggregation
E-LAN See Ethernet LAN
E-Line See Ethernet line
E-Tree See Ethernet-tree
EBS See excess burst size
ECC See embedded control channel
EF See expedited forwarding
electromagnetic Electromagnetic compatibility is the condition which prevails when telecommunications
compatibility equipment is performing its individually designed function in a common electromagnetic
environment without causing or suffering unacceptable degradation due to unintentional
electromagnetic interference to or from other equipment in the same environment.
electromagnetic Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or
interference limits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment.
electrostatic discharge The sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two objects at different
electrical potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.
embedded control A logical channel that uses a data communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer,
channel to enable transmission of operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM)
information between NEs.
EMC See electromagnetic compatibility
EMI See electromagnetic interference
Engineering label A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.
EPL See Ethernet private line
EPLAN See Ethernet private LAN service
equalization A method of avoiding selective fading of frequencies. Equalization can compensate for
the changes of amplitude frequency caused by frequency selective fading.
ERPS See Ethernet ring protection switching
ESD See electrostatic discharge
ESD jack Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf or
cabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.
Ethernet A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision
Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/
s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining.
Ethernet A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision
Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/
s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining.
Ethernet aggregation A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-point EVC (Ethernet virtual
connection).
Ethernet LAN A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-multipoint EVC (Ethernet
virtual connection).
Ethernet line A type of Ethernet service that is based on a point-to-point EVC (Ethernet virtual
connection).
Ethernet private LAN An Ethernet service type, which carries Ethernet characteristic information over a
service dedicated bridge, point-to-multipoint connections, provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or
MPLS server layer networks.
Ethernet private line A type of Ethernet service that is provided with dedicated bandwidth and point-to-point
connections on an SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer network.
Ethernet ring protection switching mechanisms for ETH layer Ethernet ring topologies.
protection switching
Ethernet virtual An Ethernet service type, which carries Ethernet characteristic information over a shared
private LAN service bridge, point-to-multipoint connections, provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server
layer networks.
Ethernet virtual An Ethernet service type, which carries Ethernet characteristic information over shared
private line bandwidth, point-to-point connections, provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server
layer networks.
Ethernet-tree An Ethernet service type that is based on a Point-to-multipoint Ethernet Virtual
Connection.
ETS European Telecommunication Standards
ETSI See European Telecommunications Standards Institute
European A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.
Telecommunications
Standards Institute
EVPL See Ethernet virtual private line
EVPLAN See Ethernet virtual private LAN service
excess burst size A parameter related to traffic. In the single rate three color marker (srTCM) mode, the
traffic control is achieved by the token buckets C and E. Excess burst size is a parameter
used to define the capacity of token bucket E, that is, the maximum burst IP packet size
when the information is transferred at the committed information rate. This parameter
must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not less than the
maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.
Exercise Switching An operation to check if the protection switching protocol functions normally. The
protection switching is not really performed.
expansion Connecting a storage system to more disk enclosures through connection cables,
expanding the capacity of the storage system.
expedited forwarding The highest order QoS in the Diff-Serv network. EF PHB is suitable for services that
demand low packet loss ratio, short delay, and broad bandwidth. In all the cases, EF
traffic can guarantee a transmission rate equal to or faster than the set rate. The DSCP
value of EF PHB is "101110".
B.3 F-J
This section provides the terms starting with letters F to J.
failure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with a required function
to be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now been
detected.
fast Ethernet Any network that supports transmission rate of 100Mbits/s. The Fast Ethernet is 10 times
faster than 10BaseT, and inherits frame format, MAC addressing scheme, MTU, and so
on. Fast Ethernet is extended from the IEEE802.3 standard, and it uses the following
three types of transmission media: 100BASE-T4 (4 pairs of phone twisted-pair cables),
100BASE-TX (2 pairs of data twisted-pair cables), and 100BASE-FX (2-core optical
fibers).
fast link pulse The link pulse that is used to encode information during automatic negotiation.
FD See frequency diversity
FDI See forward defect indication
FE See fast Ethernet
FEC See forward error correction
FFD fast failure detection
fiber patch cord A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and for
connections between subracks or inside a subrack.
field programmable A type of semi-customized circuit used in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit
gate array (ASIC) field. It is developed on the basis of the programmable components, such as the
PAL, GAL, and EPLD. It not only remedies the defects of customized circuits, but also
overcomes the disadvantage of the original programmable components in terms of the
limited number of gate arrays.
FIFO See First in First out
File Transfer Protocol A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, used to copy files between two computers
on the Internet. Both computers must support their respective FTP roles: one must be an
FTP client and the other an FTP server.
First in First out A stack management mechanism. The first saved data is first read and invoked.
Forced switch For normal traffic signals, switches normal traffic signal to the protection section, unless
an equal or higher priority switch command is in effect or SF condition exists on the
protection section, by issuing a forced switch request for that traffic signal.
forward defect Forward defect indication (FDI) is generated and traced forward to the sink node of the
indication LSP by the node that first detects defects. It includes fields to indicate the nature of the
defect and its location. Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affected
higher level client LSPs and (in turn) their client layers.
forward error A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload at
correction the transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during
transmission are corrected at the receive end.
Forwarding plane Also referred to as the data plane. The forwarding plane is connection-oriented, and can
be used in Layer 2 networks such as an ATM network.
FPGA See field programmable gate array
fragment Piece of a larger packet that has been broken down to smaller units.
Fragmentation Process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium
that cannot support the original size of the packet.
frame A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame length
is represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle.
A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words,
a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements pre-
specified by the sending and receiving parties.
frequency diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies with a certain
frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then
performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.
FTP See File Transfer Protocol
full-duplex A full-duplex, or sometimes double-duplex system, allows communication in both
directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen simultaneously. Land-line
telephone networks are full-duplex, since they allow both callers to speak and be heard
at the same time. A good analogy for a full-duplex system would be a two-lane road with
one lane for each direction.
G
gateway network A network element that is used for communication between the NE application layer and
element the NM application layer
GE See gigabit Ethernet
generic framing A framing and encapsulated method which can be applied to any data type. It has been
procedure standardized by ITU-T SG15.
generic traffic shaping A traffic control measure that initiatively adjusts the output speed of the traffic. This is
to adapt the traffic to network resources that can be provided by the downstream router
to avoid packet discarding and congestion.
GFP See generic framing procedure
gigabit Ethernet GE adopts the IEEE 802.3z. GE is compatible with 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s Ethernet.
It runs at 1000 Mbit/s. Gigabit Ethernet uses a private medium, and it does not support
coaxial cables or other cables. It also supports the channels in the bandwidth mode. If
Gigabit Ethernet is, however, deployed to be the private bandwidth system with a bridge
(switch) or a router as the center, it gives full play to the performance and the bandwidth.
In the network structure, Gigabit Ethernet uses full duplex links that are private, causing
the length of the links to be sufficient for backbone applications in a building and campus.
Global Positioning A global navigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning, navigation, and
System timing services to worldwide users.
GNE See gateway network element
GPS See Global Positioning System
graphical user interface A visual computer environment that represents programs, files, and options with
graphical images, such as icons, menus, and dialog boxes, on the screen.
GTS See generic traffic shaping
GUI See graphical user interface
guide rail Components to guide, position, and support plug-in boards.
H
HA See high availability
half-duplex A transmitting mode in which a half-duplex system provides for communication in both
directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). Typically, once a party
begins receiving a signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before
replying.
HDLC See high level data link control
hierarchical quality of A type of QoS that can control the traffic of users, and perform the scheduling according
service to the priority of user services. HQoS has a perfect traffic statistics function, and the
administrator can monitor the usage of bandwidth of each service. Hence, the bandwidth
can be allocated reasonably through traffic analysis.
high availability Typically, a scheme in which two modules operate in active/standby mode to achieve
high availability. When the active module fails, the standby module automatically takes
over the system functions of the active module.
high level data link The HDLC protocol is a general purpose protocol which operates at the data link layer
control of the OSI reference model. Each piece of data is encapsulated in an HDLC frame by
adding a trailer and a header.
High Speed Downlink A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the requirement
Packet Access for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It enables the
maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing the
WCDMA network topology.
higher order path In an SDH network, the higher order path layers provide a server network from the lower
order path layers.
Hold priority The priority of the tunnel with respect to holding resources, ranging from 0 (indicates
the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the resources occupied by the
tunnel can be preempted by other tunnels.
hop A network connection between two distant nodes. For Internet operation a hop represents
a small step on the route from one main computer to another.
hot standby A mechanism of ensuring device running security. The environment variables and
storage information of each running device are synchronized to the standby device. When
the faults occur on the running device, the standby device can take over the services in
the faulty device in automatic or manual way to ensure the normal running of the entire
system.
HP See higher order path
HQoS See hierarchical quality of service
HSB See hot standby
HSDPA See High Speed Downlink Packet Access
I
ICMP See Internet Control Message Protocol
IDU See indoor unit
IEC See International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF See Internet Engineering Task Force
IF See intermediate frequency
IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol
IGMP snooping A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This protocol manages
and controls the multicast group by listening to and analyze the Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP) packet between hosts and layer 3 devices. In this manner,
the spread of the multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.
IMA See inverse multiplexing over ATM
indoor unit The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements accessing,
multiplexing/demultiplexing, and IF processing for services.
Inloop A method of looping the signals from the cross-connect unit back to the cross-connect
unit.
Institute of Electrical A society of engineering and electronics professionals based in the United States but
and Electronics boasting membership from numerous other countries. The IEEE focuses on electrical,
Engineers electronics, computer engineering, and science-related matters.
intermediate frequency The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated signal and an RF
signal.
Intermediate System The basic unit in the IS-IS protocol used to transmit routing information and generate
routes.
Intermediate System to A protocol used by network devices (routers) to determine the best way to forward
Intermediate System datagrams or packets through a packet-based network, a process called routing.
routing protocol
internal spanning tree A segment of CIST in a certain MST region. An IST is a special MSTI whose ID is 0.
International The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international and non-
Electrotechnical governmental standards organization dealing with electrical and electronic standards.
Commission
International An international association that works to establish global standards for communications
Organization for and information exchange. Primary among its accomplishments is the widely accepted
Standardization ISO/OSI reference model, which defines standards for the interaction of computers
connected by communications networks.
J
Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and control system
instability.
B.4 K-O
This section provides the terms starting with letters K to O.
L
L2VPN See Layer 2 virtual private network
label switched path A sequence of hops (R0...Rn) in which a packet travels from R0 to Rn through label
switching mechanisms. A label-switched path can be chosen dynamically, based on
normal routing mechanisms, or through configuration.
label switching router Basic element of MPLS network. All LSRs support the MPLS protocol. The LSR is
composed of two parts: control unit and forwarding unit. The former is responsible for
allocating the label, selecting the route, creating the label forwarding table, creating and
removing the label switch path; the latter forwards the labels according to groups
received in the label forwarding table.
LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol
LAG See link aggregation group
LAN See local area network
LAN See local area network
LAPS link access protocol-SDH
Laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laser
light has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductor
laser as the light source.
layer 2 switch A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmits
and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is the
second layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called layer 2 switch.
Layer 2 virtual private A virtual private network achieved by Layer 2 switching technologies in the packet
network switched (IP/MPLS) network.
LB See loopback
LCAS See link capacity adjustment scheme
LCT local craft terminal
line rate The maximum packet forwarding capacity on a cable. The value of line rate equals the
maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.
line rate forwarding The line rate equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.
Link Aggregation A method of bundling a group of physical interfaces together as a logical interface to
Control Protocol increase bandwidth and reliability. For related protocols and standards, refer to IEEE
802.3ad.
link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link
aggregation group so that a MAC client can treat the link aggregation group as if it were
a single link.
link capacity LCAS in the virtual concatenation source and sink adaptation functions provides a
adjustment scheme control mechanism to hitlessly increase or decrease the capacity of a link to meet the
bandwidth needs of the application. It also provides a means of removing member links
that have experienced failure. The LCAS assumes that in cases of capacity initiation,
increases or decreases, the construction or destruction of the end-to-end path is the
responsibility of the Network and Element Management Systems.
Link Protection Protection provided by the bypass tunnel for the link on the working tunnel. The link is
a downstream link adjacent to the PLR. When the PLR fails to provide node protection,
the link protection should be provided.
LMSP linear multiplex section protection
local area network A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few square
kilometers or within a single building. It features high speed and low error rate. Ethernet,
FDDI, and Token Ring are three technologies used to implement a LAN. Current LANs
are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and running at 1,000 Mbit/
s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).
local area network A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few square
kilometers or within a single building. It features high speed and low error rate. Ethernet,
FDDI, and Token Ring are three technologies used to implement a LAN. Current LANs
are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and running at 1,000 Mbit/
s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).
Locked switching When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the service from being
switched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has been
switched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel to
the working channel.
LOF See Loss Of Frame
LOM loss of multiframe
loopback A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the
signal or message can be analyzed for errors.
LOP See loss of pointer
LOS See Loss Of Signal
Loss Of Frame A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead
indicating that the receiving equipment has lost frame delineation. This is used to monitor
the performance of the PHY layer.
loss of pointer Loss of Pointer: A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the
PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the pointer to the start of
cell in the payload. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.
Loss Of Signal Loss of signal (LOS) indicates that there are no transitions occurring in the received
signal.
LP lower order path
LPT link-state pass through
LSP See label switched path
M
MA See maintenance association
MAC See media access control
MAC See media access control
MADM multiple add/drop multiplexer
main topology A interface that displays the connection relationships of NEs on the NMS (screen
display). The default client interface of the NMS, a basic component of the human-
machine interactive interface. The topology clearly shows the structure of the network,
the alarms of different NEs, subnets in the network, the communication status as well as
the basic network operation status. All topology management functions are accessed
here.
maintenance That portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, the
association connectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of Maintenance
Entities.
maintenance A MEP is an actively managed CFM Entity, associated with a specific DSAP of a Service
association end point Instance, which can generate and receive CFM frames and track any responses. It is an
end point of a single Maintenance Association, and terminates a separate Maintenance
Entity for each of the other MEPs in the same Maintenance Association.
maintenance domain The network or the part of the network for which connectivity is managed by CFM. The
devices in an MD are managed by a single ISP.
maintenance point Maintenance Point (MP) is one of either a MEP or a MIP.
management A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. It
information base comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such as
routers and switches) in a network.
manual switch Switches normal traffic signal to the protection section, unless a failure condition exists
on other sections (including the protection section) or an equal or higher priority switch
command is in effect, by issuing a manual switch request for that normal traffic signal.
maximum transmission The largest packet of data that can be transmitted on a network. MTU size varies,
unit depending on the network—576 bytes on X.25 networks, for example, 1500 bytes on
Ethernet, and 17,914 bytes on 16 Mbps Token Ring. Responsibility for determining the
size of the MTU lies with the link layer of the network. When packets are transmitted
across networks, the path MTU, or PMTU, represents the smallest packet size (the one
that all networks can transmit without breaking up the packet) among the networks
involved.
MBS maximum burst size
MCF See message communication function
MD See maintenance domain
MDI See medium dependent interface
Mean Time Between The average time between consecutive failures of a piece of equipment. It is a measure
Failures of the reliability of the system.
Mean Time To Repair The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.
media access control A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of the
data link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and connecting
the physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC protocol
checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted, certain control
information is added to the data, and then the data and the control information are
transmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving data, the MAC
protocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the data is transmitted
correctly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted correctly, the control
information is removed from the data and then the data is transmitted to the LLC layer.
media access control A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of the
data link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and connecting
the physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC protocol
checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted, certain control
information is added to the data, and then the data and the control information are
transmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving data, the MAC
protocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the data is transmitted
correctly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted correctly, the control
information is removed from the data and then the data is transmitted to the LLC layer.
medium dependent The electrical and mechanical interface between the equipment and the media
interface transmission.
MEP See maintenance association end point
MEP maintenance end point
message The MCF is composed of a protocol stack that allows exchange of management
communication information with their prs.
function
MIB See management information base
MIP maintenance intermediate point
mounting ear A piece of angle plate with holes in it on a rack. It is used to fix network elements or
components.
MP See maintenance point
MPID maintenance point identification
MPLS See Multiprotocol Label Switching
MPLS L2VPN The MPLS L2VPN provides the Layer 2 VPN service based on an MPLS network. In
this case, on a uniform MPLS network, the carrier is able to provide Layer 2 VPNs of
different media types, such as ATM, FR, VLAN, Ethernet, and PPP.
MPLS OAM The MPLS OAM provides continuity check for a single LSP, and provides a set of fault
detection tools and fault correct mechanisms for MPLS networks. The MPLS OAM and
relevant protection switching components implement the detection function for the CR-
LSP forwarding plane, and perform the protection switching in 50 ms after a fault occurs.
In this way, the impact of a fault can be lowered to the minimum.
MPLS TE See multiprotocol label switching traffic engineering
MPLS TE tunnel In the case of reroute deployment, or when traffic needs to be transported through
multiple trails, multiple LSP tunnels might be used. In traffic engineering, such a group
of LSP tunnels are referred to as TE tunnels. An LSP tunnel of this kind has two
identifiers. One is the Tunnel ID carried by the SENDER object, and is used to uniquely
define the TE tunnel. The other is the LSP ID carried by the SENDER_TEMPLATE or
FILTER_SPEC object.
MS See multiplex section
MSP See multiplex section protection
MSTP See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
MTBF See Mean Time Between Failures
MTTR See Mean Time To Repair
MTU See maximum transmission unit
Multicast A process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many destinations. The
destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address
ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicast
group rather than a host.
Multiple Spanning Multiple spanning tree protocol. The MSTP can be used in a loop network. Using an
Tree Protocol algorithm, the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed
as a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided
in the loop network. The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and
multiple spanning trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded
in a VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.
multiplex section The trail between and including two multiplex section trail termination functions.
multiplex section A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between and
protection including two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a
"protection" channel.
Multiprotocol Label A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different link
Switching layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis of
IP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of
networks, and is beneficial to routing.
multiprotocol label N/A
switching traffic
engineering
N
N+1 protection A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection
channel.
NE See network element
NE Explorer The main operation interface, of the NMS, which is used to manage the
telecommunication equipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can query, manage and
maintain the NE, boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.
network element A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software running on it. One
NE is at least equipped with one system control and communication(SCC) board which
manages and monitors the entire network element. The NE software runs on the SCC
board.
Network Management A system in charge of the operation, administration, and maintenance of a network.
System
network service access A network address defined by ISO, through which entities on the network layer can
point access OSI network services.
network to network An internal interface within a network linking two or more elements.
interface
next hop The next router to which a packet is sent from any given router as it traverses a network
on its journey to its final destination.
NLP normal link pulse
NMS See Network Management System
NNI See network to network interface
node A node stands for a managed device in the network. For a device with a single frame,
one node stands for one device. For a device with multiple frames, one node stands for
one frame of the device. Therefore, a node does not always mean a device.
Node Protection A parameter of the FRR protection. It indicates that the bypass tunnel should be able to
protect the downstream node that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the
PLR. The node cannot be a merge point, and the bypass tunnel should also be able to
protect the downstream link that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the
PLR.
non-gateway network A network element whose communication with the NM application layer must be
element transferred by the gateway network element application layer.
non-GNE See non-gateway network element
NSAP See network service access point
NSF not stop forwarding
O
OAM See operation, administration and maintenance
ODF See optical distribution frame
ODU See outdoor unit
OM Operation and maintenance
One-to-One Backup A local repair method in which a backup tunnel is separately created for each protected
tunnel at a PLR.
open shortest path first A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing. Dijkstra's
algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path tree. It uses cost as its routing metric. A
link state database is constructed of the network topology which is identical on all routers
in the area.
Open Systems A framework of ISO standards for communication between different systems made by
Interconnection different vendors, in which the communications process is organized into seven different
categories that are placed in a layered sequence based on their relationship to the user.
Each layer uses the layer immediately below it and provides a service to the layer above.
Layers 7 through 4 deal with end-to-end communication between the message source
and destination, and layers 3 through 1 deal with network functions.
operation, A group of network support functions that monitor and sustain segment operation,
administration and activities that are concerned with, but not limited to, failure detection, notification,
maintenance location, and repairs that are intended to eliminate faults and keep a segment in an
operational state and support activities required to provide the services of a subscriber
access network to users/subscribers.
optic fiber connector A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couple
the optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. A
connector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and an optical source
(or a detector).+
optical distribution A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.
frame
orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or
maintenance engineers of different stations.
OSI See Open Systems Interconnection
OSPF See open shortest path first
outdoor unit The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements frequency
conversion and amplification for RF signals.
Outloop A method of looping back the input signals received at a port to an output port without
changing the structure of the signals.
Output optical power The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.
B.5 P-T
This section provides the terms starting with letters P to T.
P
packet switched A telecommunication network which works in packet switching mode.
network
Packing case A case which is used for packing the board or subrack.
Path A performance resource object defined in the network management system. The left end
of a path is a device node whose port needs to be specified and the right end of a path is
a certain IP address which can be configured by the user. By defining a path in the
network management system, a user can test the performance of a network path between
a device port and an IP address. The tested performance may be the path delay, packet
loss ratio or other aspects.
PBS See peak burst size
PCB See printed circuit board
PCI bus PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus. A high performance bus, 32-bit or 64-bit
for interconnecting chips, expansion boards, and processor/memory subsystems.
PDH See plesiochronous digital hierarchy
PDU See protocol data unit
PE See provider edge
peak burst size A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket P, that is, the maximum burst
IP packet size when the information is transferred at the peak information rate. This
parameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not
less than the maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.
peak information rate A traffic parameter, expressed in bit/s, whose value should be not less than the committed
information rate.
penultimate hop Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLS
popping enabled network. It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged
packet is removed by a Label Switched Router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an
adjacent Label Edge Router (LER).
per-hop behavior IETF Diff-Serv workgroup defines forwarding behaviors of network nodes as per-hop
behaviors (PHB), such as, traffic scheduling and policing. A device in the network should
select the proper PHB behaviors, based on the value of DSCP. At present, the IETF
defines four types of PHB. They are class selector (CS), expedited forwarding (EF),
assured forwarding (AF), and best-effort (BE).
PHB See per-hop behavior
PHP See penultimate hop popping
PIR See peak information rate
PLA physical link aggregation
plesiochronous digital A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It multiplexes the minimum
hierarchy rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates.
Point-to-Point Protocol A protocol on the data link layer, provides point-to-point transmission and encapsulates
data packets on the network layer. It is located in layer 2 of the IP protocol stack.
polarization A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed or
rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is
perpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically
polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to the
plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if the
tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, this
electromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave.
Power box A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which supplies
power for the subracks in the cabinet.
PPP See Point-to-Point Protocol
PQ See priority queue
PRBS See pseudo random binary sequence
PRC primary reference clock
printed circuit board A board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components
using conductive pathways, tracks, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto
a non-conductive substrate.
priority queue An abstract data type in computer programming that supports the following three
operations: (1) InsertWithPriority: add an element to the queue with an associated
priority (2) GetNext: remove the element from the queue that has the highest priority,
and return it (also known as "PopElement(Off)", or "GetMinimum") (3) PeekAtNext
(optional): look at the element with highest priority without removing it
protection ground A cable which connects the equipment and the protection ground bar. Usually, one half
cable of the cable is yellow; while the other half is green.
Protection path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.
protocol data unit It is a data packet at the network layer of the OSI model.
provider edge A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE is
responsible for VPN user management, establishment of LSPs between PEs, and
exchange of routing information between sites of the same VPN. During the process, a
PE performs the mapping and forwarding of packets between the private network and
the public channel. A PE can be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.
pseudo random binary A sequence that is random in a sense that the value of an element is independent of the
sequence values of any of the other elements, similar to real random sequences.
pseudo wire An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is established
and maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information of a PW is
maintained by the two end PEs of a PW.
pseudo wire emulation A type of end-to-end Layer 2 transmitting technology. It emulates the essential attributes
edge-to-edge of a telecommunication service such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a Packet Switched
Network (PSN). PWE3 also emulates the essential attributes of low speed Time Division
Multiplexed (TDM) circuit and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the real
situation.
PSN See packet switched network
PTN packet transport network
PW See pseudo wire
PWE3 See pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge
Q
QinQ A layer 2 tunnel protocol based on IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation. It encapsulates the tag
of the user's private virtual local area network (VLAN) into the tag of the public VLAN.
The packet carries two layers of tags to travel through the backbone network of the
carrier. In this manner, the layer 2 virtual private network (VPN) is provided for the user.
QoS See quality of service
QPSK See quadrature phase shift keying
quadrature phase shift A modulation method of data transmission through the conversion or modulation and
keying the phase determination of the reference signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth period
or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses four dots in the star diagram. The four dots are
evenly distributed on a circle. On these phases, each QPSK character can perform two-
bit coding and display the codes in Gray code on graph with the minimum BER.
R
radio frequency A type of electric current in the wireless network using AC antennas to create an
electromagnetic field. It is the abbreviation of high-frequency AC electromagnetic wave.
The AC with the frequency lower than 1 kHz is called low-frequency current. The AC
with frequency higher than 10 kHz is called high-frequency current. RF can be classified
into such high-frequency current.
radio network A device in the RNS which is in charge of controlling the use and the integrity of the
controller radio resources.
random early detection A packet loss algorithm used in congestion avoidance. It discards the packet according
to the specified higher limit and lower limit of a queue so that global TCP synchronization
resulted in traditional Tail-Drop can be prevented.
Rapid Spanning Tree An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning tree
Protocol convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible with
the STP protocol.
RDI See remote defect indication
received signal level The signal level at a receiver input terminal.
Received Signal The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the
Strength Indicator receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD
within a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna
Receiver Sensitivity Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average received
power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-12 BER (The FEC is open).
RED See random early detection
Reed-Solomon-Code A forward error correction code located before interleaving that enables correction of
errors induced by burst noise. Widely used error correction scheme to fight transmission
errors at the receiver site.
REI See remote error indication
remote defect A signal transmitted at the first opportunity in the outgoing direction when a terminal
indication detects specific defects in the incoming signal.
remote error indication A remote error indication (REI) is sent upstream to signal an error condition. There are
two types of REI alarms: Remote error indication line (REI-L) is sent to the upstream
LTE when errors are detected in the B2 byte. Remote error indication path (REI-P) is
sent to the upstream PTE when errors are detected in the B3 byte.
Request For Comments A document in which a standard, a protocol, or other information pertaining to the
operation of the Internet is published. The RFC is actually issued, under the control of
the IAB, after discussion and serves as the standard. RFCs can be obtained from sources
such as InterNIC.
Resource Reservation The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is designed for Integrated Service and is
Protocol used to reserve resources on every node along a path. RSVP operates on the transport
layer; however, RSVP does not transport application data. RSVP is a network control
protocol like Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
reverse pressure A traffic control method. In telecommunication, when detecting that the transmit end
transmits a large volume of traffic, the receive end sends signals to ask the transmit end
to slow down the transmission rate.
RF See radio frequency
RFC See Request For Comments
RIP See Routing Information Protocol
RMON remote network monitoring
RMON remote network monitoring
RNC See radio network controller
Root alarm An alarm directly caused by anomaly events or faults in the network. Some lower-level
alarms always accompany a root alarm.
route A route is the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/
IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically.
route table A mapping table that stores the relationship between the original address, destination
address, short message (SM) protocol type and account. The SMSC delivers an SM to
the designated account according to the information set in the route table.
Routing Information A simple routing protocol that is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It determines a route
Protocol based on the smallest hop count between source and destination. RIP is a distance vector
protocol that routinely broadcasts routing information to its neighboring routers and is
known to waste bandwidth.
routing table A table that stores and updates the locations (addresses) of network devices. Routers
regularly share routing table information to be up to date. A router relies on the
destination address and on the information in the table that gives the possible routes--in
hops or in number of jumps--between itself, intervening routers, and the destination.
Routing tables are updated frequently as new information is available.
RSL See received signal level
RSSI See Received Signal Strength Indicator
RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RSVP See Resource Reservation Protocol
RTN radio transmission node
S
SD See space diversity
SDH See synchronous digital hierarchy
SEMF See synchronous equipment management function
service level agreement A service contract between a customer and a service provider that specifies the
forwarding service a customer should receive. A customer may be a user organization
(source domain) or another differentiated services domain (upstream domain). A SLA
may include traffic conditioning rules which constitute a traffic conditioning agreement
as a whole or partially.
Service Level A management-documented agreement that defines the relationship between service
Agreement * provider and its customer. It also provides specific, quantifiable information about
measuring and evaluating the delivery of services. The SLA details the specific operating
and support requirements for each service provided. It protects the service provider and
customer and allows the service provider to provide evidence that it has achieved the
documented target measure.
SES See severely errored second
Setup Priority The priority of the tunnel with respect to obtaining resources, ranging from 0 (indicates
the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the tunnel can preempt the
resources required by other backup tunnels.
severely errored second A one-second period which has a bit error ratio X 10-3 or at least one defect. Time
interval of one second during which a given digital signal is received with an error ratio
greater than 1 X 10 -3 (Rec. ITU R F. 592 needs correction).
SF See signal fail
SFP See small form-factor pluggable
side trough The trough on the side of the cable rack, which is used to place nuts so as to fix the
cabinet.
signal cable Common signal cables cover the E1 cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber
signal cable.
signal fail A signal that indicates the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect
condition (non-degrade defect) is active.
signal to noise ratio The ratio of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude of noise signals at a
given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the logarithm of the power ratio and
is usually expressed in dB (Decibel).
Simple Network A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modify
Management Protocol the management information of a network element. This protocol ensures the
transmission of management information between any two points. The polling
mechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, which
can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on the
network and report these activities to the network console workstation. Control
information about each device is maintained by a management information block.
simplex Designating or pertaining to a method of operation in which information can be
transmitted in either direction, but not simultaneously, between two points.
SLA See service level agreement
SLA* See Service Level Agreement *
Slicing To divide data into the information units proper for transmission.
small form-factor A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.
pluggable
SNC See subnetwork connection
Synchronization Status A message that carries quality levels of timing signals on a synchronous timing link.
Message Nodes on an SDH network and a synchronization network acquire upstream clock
information through this message. Then the nodes can perform proper operations on their
clocks, such as tracing, switching, or converting to holdoff, and forward the
synchronization information to downstream nodes.
synchronous digital A transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It defines the
hierarchy transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode,
transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-
ISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speed
counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is used only for signals. SDH is suitable
for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity since it uses
synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure.
synchronous The SEMF converts performance data and implementation specific hardware alarms into
equipment object-oriented messages for transmission over DCCs and/or a Q interface.
management function
synchronous transport Synchronous Transfer Mode at 155 Mbit/s.
mode-1
Synchronous An STM is the information structure used to support section layer connections in the
Transport Module SDH. It consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields
organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125. The information is suitably
conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized
to the network. A basic STM is defined at 155 520 kbit/s. This is termed STM-1. Higher
capacity STMs are formed at rates equivalent to N times this basic rate. STM capacities
for N = 4, N = 16 and N = 64 are defined; higher values are under consideration.
synchronous transport A STM-N is the information structure used to support section layer connections in SDH.
module of order N See ITU-T Recommendation G. 707 for STM modules of order 1, 4, 16 and 64.
tail drop A type of QoS. When a queue within a network router reaches its maximum length,
packet drops can occur. When a packet drop occurs, connection-based protocols such as
TCP slow down their transmission rates in an attempt to let queued packets be serviced,
thereby letting the queue empty. This is also known as tail drop because packets are
dropped from the input end (tail) of the queue.
Tail drop A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded when
the queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-wide
synchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism.
TCI tag control information
TCP See Transmission Control Protocol
TDM See time division multiplexing
TE See traffic engineering
TEDB See traffic engineering database
Telecommunication A protocol model defined by ITU-T for managing open systems in a communications
Management Network network. An architecture for management, including planning, provisioning, installation,
maintenance, operation and administration of telecommunications equipment, networks
and services.
two rate three color The trTCM meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two rates, Peak
marker Information Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their associated
burst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it exceeds the
PIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether it exceeds or
doesn't exceed the CIR.
B.6 U-Z
This section provides the terms starting with letters U to Z.
U
U-VLAN A VLAN attribute indicating that the current VLAN is a user VLAN of an M-VLAN.
Multicast services are copied from the M-VLAN to the user VLAN.
UAS unavailable second
UBR See unspecified bit rate
UDP See User Datagram Protocol
underfloor cabling The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor.
UNI See user network interface
unicast The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient.
unspecified bit rate No commitment to transmission. No feedback to congestion. This type of service is ideal
for the transmission of IP datagrams. In case of congestion, UBR cells are discarded,
and no feedback or request for slowing down the data rate is delivered to the sender.
upload An operation to report some or all configuration data of an NE to the NMS(Network
Management system). The configuration data then covers the configuration data stored
at the NMS side.
User Datagram A TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an application program on one device to send a
Protocol datagram to an application program on another. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses IP
to deliver datagrams. UDP provides application programs with the unreliable
connectionless packet delivery service. Therefore, UDP messages can be lost, duplicated,
delayed, or delivered out of order. UDP is used to try to transmit the data packet, that is,
the destination device does not actively confirm whether the correct data packet is
received.
user network interface The interface between user equipment and private or public network equipment (for
example, ATM switches).
V
V-UNI See virtual user-network interface
variable bit rate One of the traffic classes used by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Unlike a
permanent CBR (Constant Bit Rate) channel, a VBR data stream varies in bandwidth
and is better suited to non real time transfers than to real-time streams such as voice calls.
VBR See variable bit rate
VC See virtual container
W
wait to restore The number of minutes to wait before services are switched back to the working line.
WAN See wide area network
Web LCT The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located on the NE
management layer of the transport network
weighted fair queuing A fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidth allocation weights. This
scheduling algorithm allocates the total bandwidth of an interface to queues, according
to their weights and schedules the queues cyclically. In this manner, packets of all priority
queues can be scheduled.
weighted random early A packet loss algorithm used for congestion avoidance. It can prevent the global TCP
detection synchronization caused by traditional tail-drop. WRED is favorable for the high-priority
packet when calculating the packet loss ratio.
weighted round Robin N/A
WFQ See weighted fair queuing
wide area network A network composed of computers which are far away from each other which are
physically connected through specific protocols. WAN covers a broad area, such as a
province, a state or even a country.
winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.
WRED See weighted random early detection
WRR See weighted round Robin
WTR See wait to restore
X
XPIC See cross polarization interference cancellation