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s l t o L r l r l r t ' l e l t r l r c l l i t l t l p c r n t x n c n t n l L r k i r . r gp e n . ' l ; r g s s l t o t r l c lb e l r s c t l o n l r r r h c t t t h t ' t t i s
no rlunger ol tltcir being losr in lransil.
()r)r.ri^r'r()\s
u,."..,
P
|DMineral Filler
Storageand ltandling NlinclrLlllllcr is sul)jcct l() (:lf.ir'rgor hrrrult'ningslren expostcl to rrt,,is
lLtt'c''fltt,t.t,|illt,.s(]l)ilI:tl(,5l()l.:lg(,sh()Ll](lllt'1lrrliitlt'tlt()J)I()t(,(llt'iltlltllLtllpr-ttss'Irr1:llltt.ttll1ltll
l i o n s u h e r c r r i i n e r l r l1 i l l e r u s a g c i s l r i g l r . u ) l r l k s t o l u g c s r l o i : o l i c n r r s c r l { F i g t t r t ' L l l ) . S L r ( l rl
s v s t c l n c l n h l t t c c i t h c r l l ) l l c L r n ) l l t i (o l n i t c l r . r r r i t r Lcl l c r i r t l o r i e c c l i n g f i l l e r i n t o 1 1 t e ' p 1 a n tI .n
p n c u n r i r t i c s v s t r m s . n r i n c n r l l l l l c l j 5 c n 1 [ e i r ] c ( li n i u r : r i r s t r c i l l l l r n c l i s h l u r < l l t ' clls l f l r r i d . o l l c r i n 3
ilccurtte c()ntr()l rln(l elirttinlttir.tgplLrgging.
'lhc
1:rntrrrtlttic srstern ger-tclallr c()nsists of lr leccirir-tg ho1:r1tcr.scrcrr c()n\('\'()r. (lLrsttigl)l
c l c v l r t o r . l n c i s i L o . ' l ' l r t I l r p p c r l r n c lc l c r l t o r k l r c l t h e s i l o l r r r m u h i c l r f i l l t l i s r r r c l r l e c l i n l o t l i e
p l e n t . l ) r r s i l o n r a v e l s o l r e l o l L c l c r<l l i r e c t l l f l o n r s r r i t l l r l v t ' c l i r i p p e ( lf i l l L - rt r . l n s p o l t t r u c k s . l i r c
rttincral llilcr is nolrtrallt intloclr-rceclirrto LIre rrix in thc l'cigh Irol>per-o1thc' betch pl:Lnt. In
sornr pl:rnts 1l srJ)lirxtc r,',ci.qhing slstenr nlil\ be proriclcrl. ln lr rlrlrm plxnl tllc nrincrel l-illel rs
intnxlrrcctl pncunllticillll tfrlorrgh lr pipc l>clrtcd r,,hcrc thr lrsphlrlt is intf()(lLl(('(1.
A b l r g - i c e c l i n t . r r r i n t r l r l l i l l e r s \ s t r ] n n l i l \ u l s o l r c L r s e c l . ' l h i ss Y s t c r nc o n s i s t s o f l r g l o r r n c l
r n o r L r t t c cl lc e c l c l . c l L r : t - t i g l ret l c r a t o r ' .s t r r g e I t o l r l r c r ' .r e r t e l e c r l c r ( ) r s c r e \ \ c ( ) n v c \ ' ( ) r .l n t l ; t n o t c t
llou clrutc.
I n l r r t l r l l l r - r l ka n c l l l r g s v s t e r r r sf.i n e l n l c t t r i n g o f t l r c f i l l e r i n t o t l r c r r r i x i s u c c o n r p l i s ) r c t l
thnrugh lt r ltlirtblc-spcccl vrne or s( re\\' fecck'r'.ol lrt:lt fectler clcpcr.ttlir.tg()n the nlttelilLl to l)t
h u n c l l c c lr n c i l h e c a p e r i t v l e - r l L r i l e cTl .n e l t l r t u s e , t h c l i l l c r I e c c l n r c c h u n i s n ri s i n t e r k r t k c c l l i t l r
thc llggrcg.ttr :tncl rtsphltlt fcecl rttecltanisr.r.ts t() ensLlrc Lrnifirrrn pr,p, rrtr,'rrrng.
Irillrr h:rnrlling lrlso inrrrlrcs e plllnts clrst collr:ction svstcnr. [)ust collectors rtrc clcsignccl tcr
capture fincs esceping iirn the rggre.qrte mixture ancl rcturn llrc-rttt() thc J)lilnt lirr incorpol:t
ti(m int() thc nli\.
\in'lterc excess lines are encounteLecl in tlre lan tggreglltc lcccl. :r b1'plrsssl,stcnt cltn bt ttsi:cl
Io lecr-:irt- tlrc fillcl collectr:rl bl the ch.rstcollcctor'. The reclLrireclxnl()ur-rt(t liller is then feti lreck
l ( ) t l i e n l i x u n c l e n l s r r l p l r r sl m ( ) L l l r t i s c l i v c r t c c lt o a s t o l a g c l r i n .
I lr'clrrttcl linre or portlantl ( e mrnt is s()mrtin]es trsetl ls minelll f illcr. Hy clrlt,-:cllinre is also
Lrscrl lrs rrn llrt istril){)ing ilgent. A pncLlrlilti( inntlling svstcnl is gtncr';rllv usecl llte'n cither ol
thcsc mutcriuls is incorpoftrtccl clLr into the rnir. \\'hcn uscri rs rrn xnljslfipl)inll lgent. h\(lftltc(l
l i m r - c l n l r t l r r l c k c lk ) t i r c l r x ) i s t l g g r e g l l t r o l n u c L c i n t c >l r s l L r n ' l r n r l t h c r r l l r o l o r r g l t l l m i x e a l i n
run rrpplor e cl prLgnrill. tlencnll,v thc rrclclitirc-lggregrtc mirturc is fecl clirct llt inl() llrc l)lxlrt rli( r
n r i x i n g I l o u e r e r , l l i r r r es l u n l n r i x l r r r e n r a v l r c s t o c k p i l c c l b r : l i r r c i n t r ( x l u c t j o n i n t o t l r t p l : r n t l i r r
nll\l11g.
ContfOl of Feeding \\'hcn the rrrir.re l l-iller is rclclecl t() thL nri\. jts Pri 'l)' 'rti, 'nin.q rrrsr l)c
r\ilct. C()nsc(lucntl\. thc llo\\.ol liller into tire pllnt nllst l)c c:lrcfirll]' controlle cl :rncl fi-cc1ur:ntlr
chccliccl.
Tlrt' perct'ntegt of flller cnterin{t tltc hol nrix <'ln be calculutccl b,, sinrplv meusuting llte
errounl oi filltr consrrrrcil lrv tlrc pl:rnl rllrring plocluction of l giren.ulr()unt ()l HtrlA.
\ k x l t r n l r o t r r r i x t l t i l i t i c s h u v c l o u t l c c l l s n r o L r n l c c(l ) n s l ( ) r r g c s i l ( ) s u l ) l ) ( n 1 s l. t l k r r l i n g t l r t
n l r r t i t o r i r t g o l t l t e a r r o t r n l o l - r u r l c l i e l 1 n s t o n t g c x t . r n \ g i v c n t i 1 n c .I l t h i s n r t t h o r l i s n ( ) l l \ . u l -
l r b l r . t l o s c : r n c l l r c t l L r e n lr I r c c k s o r r l l r c t : r l i l r r : r t i o no l t h c l t , c c l i n gl r n r l u c i . q l r i n g n r r c l l r n i s r t t s c l r t
l r e l a l i en .
|| MaterialBecords
AggregateS (l(rtuill ir)linrlrrlion slroulcl lre rctrrrclecl 1rsuggreglLteslrt'r'ctcivcci irt llr('pl:lnl
s i r c . T h i s i n c l l r c l r s l c l c s c r i l ) t i ( ) no l - t l r c n r e t r r i r r l .t h e c l l r t cr r n c l( l u x n t i t \ ( l c l i l c r c r l . l r n c l u l r e t l r c r '
l l r c n r a l r : r i e ll l r s l r e r n l e s t t c l l r n t l l r p p r - o l t c l l r c l o l e c l t l i r e r - r ' .I l i t l r l s l r e e n r t p p l o r c r l . t h e t c s t
i ( l r n l i f i ( i l i i () n n r r n r l r t ' r ' s l r < l r l rllr t ' r ' c < r l c l t ' t ll r n r l s : r r n 1 - r l el esk e n e s n ( ' ( ( ' s i l r l t ( ) \ e r i l \ t l t e t t s t c l l t t l t .
'l'lre
s i z e e n c l l r - c c l t r t n c ro l - s t r r ' l rr ' l r t c l <s e r r p l r ' s l i l l r e n r r i t l r t l r e p o l i t r r i 1 t l t c s p c c i l v i n g
llgrr-lc\.
I f t h c n l r t c r i l l h l s r r o t b e c n t e s t c c lb c l i u ' c r l r l i r c r r . r ' l n c k l n s l r n p l t s s l r o L r l r l r c o l r t e i n c c l l t r . t t l
tcstccl to cnsrrrc conrpli:rr.rr'el irh rrll sllccilir'rrtions. At l nrinimull. tcsts slroultl 1rt rlLclc lirr- gr-u
r l l t t i o r t ( s i c v e l t n l t l r s i s ) a r t c l t l r u n l i n t s s ( r r u s l r e c ls i e r e l r n l t l r s i s ) l i x c o t L s c l t n r l l i n c l g g r c g i t t t s .
l t n r l s l t n r i e c l u i r : t l e n < r i i r l i r . r ee g g l t : g l t t r . S e n r p l t s r t r c r t l s o l r c r l u t n t l v r l k c n f i r r l r b s t > t p l i o n .s p t :
( i f i ( g f l r V i t \ ' .r r l r i r s i o n . l r n r l t c n r l c n c r t ( ) s t r i l ) ( u l l i n i t \ t i r l l s P h l r l T t .
Iiccorcls firl untcstcal nriLtcritls slllrlcl inclurlr':
()r,r-inA.r()\s
F',,-^.,
Asphalt tn nrost instrn(es. asphult t'rxtrcsfioln r prctcsteclsource uncl is lc('epted lrv ccrtifi
( i r t i ( ) n .E v c n s o . a L e c o r cni r r s t b c k e p t o l - a l l c l c l i v e r i t so f u s ; r l l r l tl r i n c l e lk r t h c I I X I A
1 ; l e n r .I l r t
rccorclsshorrlciir.rclurLthc foikrq'ins inlirrrnation'
Asplralt bit.rclcrgracle
Proclrrttrs nlnrc uncl loclrtior.rol shippills p()int
T I \ l \ I ' l . r n t. r n , l p r , , 1 Lt, i , l r n t r f r , . r r i l n
I )etc ol clclir clv
I)tlivcn invoice nrrnrfrct
(l('rtiliclti(n nunrl)cr
A s p h l r l t i l u a n t i t t ' l r v u c i g h t o r c a l c u l l r t c c lr ' o l r r n t el t a s c c l< t n r l i r e r l r ] t e t s u r e l l l c J t t
\\'lrt'rt' thc r r>lurrrcis cxlcul:nccl. thc foll<t* ir.rg iniorntation llust l)c furr.risltc(l:
l t ) ( i a l i l r r a l i o n c l t r r r t i c l e n ti f r t l r Lr o t r
b ) I 3 e g i n r r i n gn r c i t s L r r e r ) l e n( bt c f o r e r r r . r k r a c l i n g )
c) lln(ling llellsurellcnt (:rlier trnloltling)
c l ) T r n t P r r : r t u r - co f ; r s l t h l r l tr r l t c n n t c r L s L l ] e c l
'lclllP(IlltLlrc
e) ( o r r c c t i ( ) r ' ]l r r r l o r f i r l c ( ) n \ r r l i l r g t o r ( l u i \ . l l | ' n 1 l i t t , r ' sr L t i i ( l ( g l l l l ( ) n sl t 6 0 f )
f ) f l q u i \ : l l e n t l i t r : r s( g u l l o n s )
.rl) l)r()pcr iclent ificlrtior.r ol r'heck saltples trtkrn
S i t t t i l r i tr c c < u c l ss l r o u l d b e k e p t o n l L l l ( ) t h e r n l x t e r i l l l s ( s u c h : r s n t i n c r : r l 1 l l 1 c ra c l c l i t i r t s ) t l l r t
. l t ( l , ' l ) ( i r t ,, , r p ,r t . r t , , li n t ' , l l r ( ' t i \ .
>>Aggregate ColdFeed
1 ' l l c e u g t e ' g l t t tc' o l c l l e e c l s v s t t l n i s t l r c f l r s t n t r r j r x ( ( ) l l l l ) ( ) n c n I ( ) l l l t ( ' t l ; \ l A p l l r n t . I t r c t r r r t s
t r r l t l ( r t r . t l t t a t e c lx) g g r c q x t t f r o n r s t < > l t g ce n c l n r o r c s i t t o t h e c l l v t , r ' .I t i s l i g t r i n \ \ ( ) n h r x ) t i l t g t l l i l t
t - l < l l t t t l l i t t ' p l l t n t s c t l r t i p r t t e n tO r c O n t I O l a u t ( x l l i l t i ( ) nc l U l L l e t c ( t o r ( o f l t c l i n c o l t s i s t c n r ' i c si r t ' : r . L
c l l t t i o n o t r l g g r c g r t t et l t L r l i t r ' .( i r l t l l e r c l s c l r r o n l \ r e l e r i l n ( l p f ( ) l ) ( ) { i ( n t r l t c s u p p l i e c l i t g g f c g l t t c 1 ( )
li giVctt lt((Lllilc\ rtrttl rrrnsistcttcr'. T]rt'r'r.'fi [t'. c1r-relitrrrrnt|ol ol tlte lrggrcglrtc' ltrocluttiOn is
retlttirccl to enstlre clcliVtr., of :r Lrniii)rr. (\)ltsistcnt itggrrg:tt(' clLLrlitr rrnrl glrrclatiorr.
TItt eggt t'.qlLtt'colcl lcccl svstcn genelx]lv consists ol lr scries of crrlcl fctcl bjns th:rt lrle l-illtcl.
o t c h t t r q c c l .l r t l - r o n t t ' n c l l o : t c l e l su h i c h o l r t e i n t l r c x g g r c g : r t c sl r r r n r s t o c k p i l c s ( l r i g r r r e + . 1 ? ) .I t r
s ( ) l l l t c l l s e s .l a [ g ( ' s t ( ) c k l ) i l c ss e p l r : t t c c l b t b u ] k l r c l r t l sl r r c b u i l t o r e r t u n n e l s . o r $ l t t r c b c l t s t r e n s -
l)(nt thc nrJlefiul.or large st()rile( l)unkcrs or bins lrrc usecl.
Agglegett' trrrrrr trtclt stockpilt shotrlcl lrc plrccti into un ir.rcliriclLrtl colrl bin. l'hc' bir.rssltotrlcl
l r t : k c p t l r r l 1e n o L t g l rt o t n s l l r c l L t n i l i r l r t tI l o u t h r o u g h t h e f c c c l e r ' l.l n i f i r r r r r r r l c l f i ' t c l i n g i s r i t a l
l ( ) c n s L l r c c ( ) l ) r i n t t ( ) t l sr.l l l i l i ) r l t l ( ) p t r x t k ) n s t h r ( ) L r g h ( ) Lirl tl e p ] ; r n t . \ \ ' h c n c o k l b i n s e r c t l L r r g c r l .
clrre sltoulcl be cxcrcisecl (() nlinilllizc s(,gregllti()lt :tncl clegr:rclationof thc trggrcglte.
Cirltl leecl lrins shotricl not lrt or erclralgi:cl (hclipecl) t() thc p()int uhcrc nlrtcriltls cun ()\'cr
f l o x l r ' o r t to n e b i n t o x n ( ) l l r e l . \ e r t i a : l l t l i r i r l r r s p l l r c t r l h e t * c c r r l l r e l r i n s c n s r r l c t h l t t h i s r l o t - s
l l ( ) t o ( c L l r . e v c n u l t c r . tl t i n s r r r t l i L l e c il o c r r l l x c i t \ ' .T h e s e l r i r . ri l i r i r l t ' r s s h o L r l c nl ( ) t l ) e i n s l x l l r ( l o n
t h c f u c e * l t t ' r ' c t h c l < > u c l ef le e c l st l t e l r i n .
( i x l e s l o c r l t c d i t t l l t c l x ) t t o l l l o f t l r e b i n s l e e c l r o n t r o l l c c l i l n r ( ) L r n to s l t l r e c l i l - l c r e n xt g g r r g l r t c s
( ) n t ( ) l l r c ( ( ) n V C \ ( ) rc x r n i n g t h e n r f ( ) l h c ( l n e r . F e c c l e rr r r n t r o l s r c g u l l l t e t l t e r r n r O L r n0t f i l g g r ( , g l t c
PI-ANI'OPI]RATIO
BellFeeder
Continuous
FeedeI
Vibratory
',,-.^.,(x,fR!t()\s
F
l l o l i r t s l i o r t r t l L t l t l r i r t . l t l o r i c l i n g r ( ( ) r ' r l j n u o u s .u n i f i ) r l l l ( ) \ \ o f r r p r o p c r l v i l r x ( l c c l : l . q u r e g l l t c
l r l r - ' n ctlo l l l c l t l l r l .
'l
\ o t t l t l t e I n ( ) f e c ( ) r l l r l l ( ) rcr o l t l l t c t l \ \ t ( ' n l s l l r ! : ( l ) ( ( ) n l i n L l ( ) r i sb c l t f i , t , t l e r .l r n t l ( l ) r i l r r e l O
l\ lec(ltr (l'isurc+ l.ll.
I J c l t l i ' t ' c l t l s p t ' o r i c l c r t ' t t s r x r c l c o n t r t r l ( ) l t l l L ' : l e q r ( ' g l l ( ' t l o s t t . o n t t l t r i n c l i r i c l L r r trol l t l l c c t l s .
\ l r t t t ' t i r t ll l o r t i s c o l t l t o l l t ' c l b r r t t o n r l r i n r t t i o r ro 1 l r t ' l t s P , . ' t ' c: lr n r l . q i l t ( ( ) l ) c n i n g . ' l - l r i \ ( ( ) n l r 1 ) l! i r l ) l r
l r i l i l r t t L t k t ' s l l l r ' r l t i ( l ( ' i r ll i r I r l r L r l ] rn r l r p l r u r t ' \ \ l r ( ' r ( , ] g g r c g r l t e g l i t c l l r t i t . , irs- tr o l l l r ' ( ) l l t , t l l t t l l ( , ( ( ) l ( l
'llrcr
litcl l l f ( i t l s ( )( ( ) l l n t ( ) n l r L r r - r l o r t l t t t t rl t 1 t l : r n t s
DDProperColdFeederFunction
l l ( ' ( i t L L \ ! ' i l L t t t i J ( ) n l tl l ( ) \ \ o f P r r r l r c l l r s i z r . ' r ll r g g r t ' q l t t t , s i s ( ) i l n p ( ) r f i u I t ( ) ( ( ) n s i s 1 ( n l I I \ 1 . \
ltlo
r l L l t t i t r l t .I r l t t ' r l . s l t o L r l c ll r e n l L r l t ' l r e l i r l e r L n c ri l L r l i n q P r o c l l r c l i r ) rlr( ) l ) ( , ( c f l l L i n t l t r t t t l t c l c i . i l t l s r s
1 ( ' l l l i \ l t l t t ( t i o r t r t g 1 l o 1 x ' r l i l l r L l i ) l l ( ) \ \ i n g c o n c l i t i o n s r r e i n r p ( ) r t i r r tt i r r n l r i n l r r i t r i n c L r n i l i r i n t
1 ] o r r r t t t t i( ( ) r t \ i l r ' r ' l ( \ :
l ' r o r D l l t t c o l c l l r i n s . ; r g g f e g l r t c sl L r t c l e l i r r r c t l t O l l t e
Aggregate
Aryingandlleating clncr rlrLtIrr.
'firc
c l n e r a c r r r n r p l i s l r t sf \ O t h i n g s . I t
(lfi('s thc llggrcgrltcs. lttttl rltises thc tetrlperutLlrc ()t tlr('ilg.l-lfcgrtc k) thc rc(lLrirecllerrllc[LtLlrc
'l'hc
clltcl is a rerOhing crlinrler [rnging IiI ;rlr)lrl 1.5 l() 3 utcters (i k) 10 fecl) in tli;rnre
t t r : l r l ( l 6 t o l l I l ( { c r s ( 1 0 t ( ) . i 0 f i ' t t ) i r . rl e n g t h . I t i n t l r r c l c su n o i l o r g a s l r u r n c r u i t l t u b k ; s c r
f l t n t o l x o r i c l c t l l r p r i n r x r v a i r t i r r c < > n l r t r s r i o no f l l r e f L r c l ( l ' i g u r e + . 1 + ) . A n e x h l L r r s ft l r n c r c r t ( s i l
c l l r L t it h n r r r g l t l l l e ( l 1 1 ( r ' . ' l ' l t cc x h a r r s t f l r n i s l o c l t e c l l r c l o n c l t l r t c l n ' r ' r .l r t t l t e e n c l o f l l r t c l r r s tc o n -
t r ( ) l c ( l l l i l l n r c r ) t( c l i s c u s s t r li n t h c n e \ t s c ( t i c l n ) .
'I'ltc
c l r u n r i s e l s o c c l u i y r y r c rsli t l t l o n g i t u c l i n u lt r - o u g h so r c h e n n c l s . c ; r l l t c l f l i g h r s . r r h i c l r L i l r
l l r ( ' r t g g r c g r t t ea n r l r l r o p i t i n r c i l s t l r r o u g h t l r c l r r i r g : r s t . s( l r i g r l r c i . 1 5 ) . T h c s k r p e o f l l r c c l n c r ' .
l ( ) l l l l i ( x l s p c c L l .( l i x t t t e t t r . l e n g l l r l t n r l t h c l t r r e n g t r n e n t : l n ( l n u m l ) c r o l l l i g l r t s c o r n b i n c t ( ) ( l e t c r -
nrinr:rlre tinlc llr('itgsregatc liil slttncl in tltc tiner.
'l
l l c r c e r t t l o l l t s j c t \ p e s ( ) t t L r r e l s . a n c l l i i c \ l l r c l t : l l t ) c ( l l i r l l t t t t ' l r r t i o n s l t i pl t t r r r e c n t l r e
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c ' t l o n c c o l l c c k r r l l a s I r t c r t t h e n r ( ) s l ( o n r l r ( ) n t v p c r r s c c l .l r n c l n t r L l t i ; l l ec y c l ( ) n e c ( ) n l i g L l r x l i ( ) r . l s
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sccortr-lltn collcctors in c()ntnt()n rrsc elr tltt' lreglror-rsc.encl tlrr uct scrrrbbcr.
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rl i r s t f l o n r t l r c t l n t ' r 't x h t L L r s t .
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c l r l n r c t h o t l s . ' l h ! ' n l ( ) s t c ( ) n r n x ) n n l e t l r ( ) c lj s l ( ) r e v e r s e t h c l i r l l o l t h o t r g h t l t b l g s u i t h p u l s l r t
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t i ( ) n 1 ( )1 l n ( ) t 1 i ( rt.h c l l t g s i n t l r e L r n r r s e csle ( t i ( ) n 1 r e c l e l L n t c l T l r e c l u s l l c r r r o r e t l l r r r r l t l r e l r a g s
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r e r t t o r e t h c r t t I i r r t t t l r e e x l r a r r s lg r s e s . T I r c r r : l r r c l r r l r r l l r e r o f s t , , l c so f r l t l s < r ' l r l r l r c r :sL \ x i ] u l ) 1 e
t l l t t e l l u o l k o n l l t e s : r r r r p l i n c i p l r . \ \ ' i l t c r i s b r ( ) k c n u p i n t o s n l r l l c l r o p l c t sl i n t l t h ( ) s c ( l r ( ) D l e l s
r r r t l x o r r g l r t i n k ) ( l i r e c t ( ( ) n t l ( t \ \ ' i t l l l h c c l u s t - l l r r l e ng u s c s . I n t h c ( a s ( ' o f t l r c c r n l r i l u g e l s e ,
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s l l o s o r s l i l , g r , / r l l l sl o r ' l t n r l r o l a r \ s 1 ( ) r : r g to l l l \ 1 . \ . \ t ' s l r r r r r r l c I I \ 1 , \ i s r l c p o s i t t ' c ll r r t r r n r c t o r '
o | ] r O lc l t ' r l t l o I i n t o l l r c t o l r o 1 t l t c s i I r o l l r i r i a n t l r : c l i s t l t t r g t i l i n t ( ) l f L r ( k st r ' ( ) t nl l l ( ' l ) ( ) l l ( ) r r .
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l L l l r L r n c i | t ' c1l( ) n s .N ( ) l r i n s u l l L t ( ' (sl t o r l g c s t r l l c t u r c s . . q c n c i r l l r ' ( 1 l l l t ( l s u f g e l r i n s ( l r i g r r r c + f 5 ) . l l r (
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s i z t r r n c lt \ l ) c . l ) L r 1r n r i i i r l n i i t r o l c t l u i p r r i e n t i s i c r r c l t r j : - l r b l ei n : r n t r t s p h l t l tp l t \ i l l g o p c r l r t i ( ) r ' 1 .
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I l r l 9 0 0 . p l u n t s h l r r l b e t n i r r r p r o r e c lt o i n c l u t l e l r g g r c g l t c i r i n s . c o l t l c l c \ l l t ( ) r s . l r t l r r l r l r l ' t l s .
l r ( ) t ( ' l c \ ' 1 t ( ) l s .e s p h l r l t t : r n k s . r r r . r cml i x i n g p l r r t f i r r n r s I. f x i r . r g 1 ] ) l r r t l i r r n lris' l r t l r I l l r n : l g g l c . q l r t cn r ( ' x
s t t l i n g l r o x . l t n l t s p h l t l t l r u c k c t . u n c l : r p r . r g r r r i lnl r o r r r t l e c l t i g l r e r t o L r g l rt o l t l l o u ] r o r s c - c li l \ \ l l c i l r t s
to pllss LII(Irrne.ltll.
l 3 r l 9 J l ) . p l r n t s u e r r p r o c l r r c i n s8 0 0 t ( ) 1 . 0 ( ) 0l ( ) n s p r l e i g l r l l r r r r r c l x \ . I n t l r c 1 9 - J 0 sr t n c l
1 9 1 0 s .l ) e t t c r c o k l l c c c l s r s l c r l s l e - s r r l t c chl r r n r t l r e i n t r ( ) c l u ( 1 i ( ) n ( ) f ( ( ) n \ e \ ( ) r b c l t s r t n c lt h c
i r r r p r ' o l t ' r r r r : not f q r L t t ' l r n r l l c t r l c r s . I - l t r g c r( l r \ e r s c l r l t c i n t o c r r n t n x r r l r r s c . ( l r r ' l o n c t i L r s tt r r l l c t '
s
1 o r s .s p r i n g l r s s s ( r l r s . u r r l ( ) n r : L t iccl r c t r ( ) n i c u c i g h i n . q s v s t c m s . t i n l c l o c k s o n t l r e n r i x i n g t t c l c s .
lln(l lcnrPtrlltlll(j tccoLcicLsltltltcltrecl.
L l r r g c r .h i g l r t r c l r P l r c i n p l l L n t sc l o n r i n l L l e ci l c r c l o p n r e n t i r ) t h c 1 9 5 0 s .A c k 1 1 ; t i o no l l L r r t o n r . l t i t
l r r t r t t ' t c o n t r o l s 1 u r ( li l u t ( ) l l l t i ( ) n o l t l r c l r l o 1 r o l l i o r r i r t gr u t t l c r c l i n g l i r n r t i o n s i l l s ( ) a i l n r ( i l r t ( ) u s ( '
t rtllv in tltis periotl.
'lhe
I 9 6 i ) s s l t r r l L p l o l i l r r e t i ( ) n ( ) f i r u t ( ) n r i r t i (( ( ) l r l 1 1 )sl v s l ( ' n r s .l i t h f r r l l x L r l o n l r L l i ( m of lhc prri-
ll()rli()nin1r r t n r l n r i r i n g I)r()c('ss. l r \ s e l l r r s : r r r l o r r l L t e c
l t
i r l n r r ( ( ) r ' r 1 f ( )
s l\ \ t ! n r s .
T l r e r n o s t s i g n j t j c l l n t r l c v r | r p n r c r - r t (s) l t l l r 1 9 - ( ) i ,\ \ e r r t l l ( , r n l r l g e n c e ( ) l c o n r l ) u t c f i z c ( l l ) l l l n t
( ( ) n t r ( ) l s Y s t c r l t s t, h c L r s e( ) 1k [ t c l c e l ] s . a r i t l i r r P | o r c t t r t l s j n n o i s c ; l n d ( l L r s 1t r r r t l I O I .s l c r t t r t t i r t g
f l o n r i n c r c l s i n g h c l l t h l r n c ls l l l c t \ r e g L r L r t i ( ) n s .
'l
h e I 9 8 0 s i l n ( l 1 9 9 0 s l r r o u g l r t < r r n l i r r r : i n gl t f i n c r l r n t ( ) l ( ( ) n l l ) l r l c r t o n t l o l s u n t l i r r t p l o r e c l
r l c c L l l l c \ r t n c l n r g g c t l n e s so l l o r c l r t ' l l s . r s s t l l l L se f f i t i c n l < r n r p L r t t l i z c r l c r r l i l r l l L t i o nr r l r t l o l s .
\ \ i t l r t l r r - ' i n t p r o r t ' c l( ( ) n i l ) L l l c f i l e ( lr r r n l r r i l s . s ( ) n r c i ) l l ( l l 1 r l : r n l se l t l L l ) l cl ( ) ( ) l ) c r x t e l i t l r o t r t t l t t
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t ( ) l x l ) l : l c c ( l i n o n t l l l i n a n c l l r a t c l t e c lf l . o r r rt h : r t s i n g l e b i n ' l l t i . o l - i t l s r l t t , r L r l r s t l a g c o f b c r r r g
l u l r l r k r s n i t c h n l i \ t r l r c l \ l c s \ \ ' i t l x ) u t r ( s c t t i n , qt l t t , s r . r e c nc l r t . k . l l t t l 9 ! ) l t s l l s o l t r r i u g l r t r r r o r e -
e l - f l ti t ' n t t l t t s t c o l l t c t i o t l a l t c l l e t u l r t s v s l c r n s .' l h i \ r n e b l c , s t i t t ' i n ( i L r 5 t 1t1( ) l t e t t c r t r r n t r . o l t h c
. n ) ( ) . n t ( ) l n r e t c r i a l p a s s i r r ut h e 0 . ( ) - 5 . t r | { \ . . l ( X ) ) s r e \ ! , i r r I l \ l - \ n t i r t r r r . s .
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r l l l t l r c t l r l L n g c sl ( ) t h c l ) l r t c h p l l r n t . t h t t i r r r c i l u r r c l r t l l
'Ihc I ) r ( ) ( . e s -s c l 1 i n . q . s c r e e n i l g .
J)r()l)(x1i(xlillg, l l n L l l l l i \ i l t g - I r l s l c r t i l i l t t c l . l r e : i t rlesign of tir( r(luil)nr(n1 firr pcrfirrnrrng
t h c s c ( ) J ) e l l l i o l t s I t e s c l r a n g c c l l i t t l e s i n c r , l 9 . l 0 i ( ) l l l \ t l t c s i z c e n r l c l t l t e c . i l th, l r r c i n c r c l s e c l .
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. \ s c l i s c t t s s c ccla r l i c r ' .t l t c l t a s i c o p c l l t t i o n s o l l r o l l r l l r t c h e n r l c l r u r n n r i r p l l n t s l r r c s i n r i l u r
crctllt lor tllc xggrtgxlc ltnclltsplltlt mixir-ru
lroceilLrlcs Xllteriltl srolrgc:rncl ilrndling.:rggrc
g e l c c o l t l f t ' e t l s . e g g l t - g l l t t 'i l e e l i t t g e n r l c l r ri n e . c n r i s s i O r r s( \ ) n t r ( ) 1 .r r n c lH X I A s t ( ) r r l g ci u t ( l
hantlling
I t t t ' l l l l < 1 r t i 1sci r t t i l r t rf o l l r l L t c he n t l c l r L t n r t t i x p l l r n l s . l l r o s e s i n r i l l r r
l t r o c c s s c s : r r . tc o r c r . t c l i n p r r :
I l o L l s s c ( l i ( ) n s i n t h i s ( l l i l l ) t e r . ' l l t i s s c c t i ( ) n u i l l f i r c r r so n t l r e l l r t r ' l t p l l r n t ( | i g u r c . + . 2 i i ) ; r r r r t c l r r r c s
l t l t ' r t l r c l l g g r r g : l t c I t : r s l t c c r . rr l r i c c l e n r l I r c u t t , r li n t h c r l n c r .
P L\ \ ' t ( ) P l i R , ! tl ( )
of HotAggregate
||Screening andStorage
Alicl thc:lgglcglrtc hrLsbcen lreetecl encl clrierl. it is clepositecl lionr the (lner int() thc hol
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clc\ ltt()r. ht hot eleYatol is ln cnckrsccl bLrckd ( ()n\ e\ ()r' thet cerlirs the rggrcllxtc t() tl)e k)p
o f t h t l r a t c l r i r . r tg( ) \ \ c r . A t t h i s p o i n t . t i r r : ; L g g l e g u t ci s r l r r p p e c l ( ) n t ( ) t h c s c t c c n i n g u n i t . I ] ( r c .
l i r e l l ( ) 1x g g r c g x t c p i l s s c s o v c r e s c r i e s o f s c l e c r . r st h i l t s c p x l x l c i l i n t o r l r r i o t t s s i z e f t e t t i r i r . t sl u t r - l
cleposit those fiuctions in hot lrins.
Sueening Unit The scrccning unit incllrtlcs r set ()l sc\ cml cliff!rent sizc r ilrntting st tcens
i n s i c i ea l e r g e h ( ) u s i n g ( F i g r u ' c+ . 2 9 ) . ' l h e s ( r c c n s s e p l n l t c t h e x g g r c g x t e i n l ( ) s p ( c i f j c s i z c s .T l l e
lirst scruen is lr sclrlping s(rern llut reln()\'es or crsjzccl rggrtgxtc. This is folklvt'cl l)\ t\\o ()rthrct
'l'hc
scrcrrrs. rlccrclrsing in sizc flonr krp t() l)()ttorr.l. sizcs of tlre screcns to bc ustcl lill clepclrtl
on llre par'tir.:ullrr' plrrnt lrncl tllc grll(llti(n ()f thr lrggrcgrte fi>r the mix t() l)e pr()(lucc(l ( lrigUre
i.30). Tlle screclts lirc clcsignccl t() llll()\\'thr finesr plrrticlcs t() (lr()p c()rul)lctclr thloltgh l() lltc' llrst
hrt bin. lrncl lltgcl pelticles nror e lkrng thc scrccns t() l)e clepositc(l into llre rtlltcr l-rins.
To proptrlr scrcen thc llggrelliltc. tlie t()tal scrccn irrclr nlLlst lre l:trgc cnc>ttgh to Iranclle tht
'l
anrorrr.rlof xggrul{lltt: rlclivcrccl. frc clrpacitv of the screcns nrr.rstlre jn bal:tnce rr itlr tlte c.rp-tritt
o l t h e r l n c r l r n c l t h c c e p l r c i n o f t l r e p u g n r i l l . \ ' h c n t c x r n r r . r c l r t t : t t c l i l t li s l c c l t o t l l e s ( r e e n s . P e r
ticles rllrt shc>uki puss thror.rgh uill ricle orer thc scrcens ancl cilop int() e l)in clesignateclli-,r ^r
lelger size pxrticir. Ar.rl nrisrlilcction of :r finer aggrcglrtc into l bin inten(lc(l to contrLin llle nc\t
l l r g e r s i z e t r - r r i l i o r ri s c r l l e c l c l l n ' o r e r . l n c l t h e s c r e e n s : l r c s l t i c lt o b e b l i r . r c l e c l .
'J'hc
sclccns rnrrst lre clerr.r rrncl in goocl conrlition. \\'hert scrcen openings ltre pltrggccl.
clirr\-()\er rrill occrr. SirliJ;rr)r'.lht:n sclecr-rsrlrc \\'orn or torn resulting in cnlltgecl ()penirt{.
ar.rrlholcs. ortrsizttl rrelerial uill go into l>ins intenclccl firr snltller-sizc tggrcgiltt.
E\ccssi\c clrn1 ()\'rr ttrn ;irlcl to lllc llnl()unt of finc aggrcgltte in thc t()till nri\. titLrs increxs
ir.rgthe surllct lrlcl to bc covclcci rr illr rrsphalt. If thc xmoulrt ol- r ltrll'-oveL is rtnknol n ol if it
f l u c l u a l e s . p a l t i c r - r 1 a r litn t l t c \ o . 2 b i n . i t c l r n s r r i o u s l r l l f c c t t h c n r i r c o r t t p o s i t i o r ti n l r o t l t g t : t -
tlrrtion lLnclaspllill rontent. Ilxccssivc cllt'n ()\'cr (an l)r (lctectc(i bv lL siere ltnltlvsis of llrt ttrlt-
t c n t s o f t l t t i n c l i r i c l r r e Il t o t l r i n s r r n c ll n u s t l ) c c ( ) n e ( l e c l i r t u r t c c l i : t t e l lyl c l c u r t i r t gt l t c s c r c c n s ( ) r
r c t l r r i i n g t l r c c l u u n t i t r o 1 n l r t c t ' i l r ic o n r i n g f r o r r r t l t e c o k l I c c c i . o r l r o t l r . S i i t t t e c l l r r \ ' ( ) \ ' ( ' r i s 1 - r t t t t t i t -
lccl in nornral scrcer.ringlncl thc pcllrissil)lc irnr()unt r>f clLfl't>r'r't in cltclt ltin is rtsLltllv sl-rt,-i-
fictl.
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\o. 2lrin (inlcrrrcclieteline uggrcgutc) is llle (riti(ll bin firl c:Ltt'r'ortt' lltis is tltt lrin
t l t r t rl j l l reccivc rhc fincst lLggrc.qxle in culn orcL rncl slriclr uill eficct tht lsplrxll tlettltncl of
tllc nri\ the r)r()st.l'\ picilll]'. thc clrlrl o|cr in tltc \o. 2 bin shoLtlclnrtt c-rceecl l0 Pcrct'nt ol thc
n r e t c l i a l i n t l ) r l t l ) i n . I t l n n i n g l r s r r n r p l eo f t h t N o . 2 l ) i n r n i r t c r i ; l lo l t t r t 2 . J 6 r n l t t ( N ( ) . l i ) s i r \ L
\ill irrclir':rtr thc .l1n()Lrntof clrrn o|tr'.
S r t l l t l ll t n r r t r n t s o f ( e r n < ) \ ' t r l r r c n ( ) t n e c c s s l f i l V i l t l r i n r t ' n t l r l l ( ) t l t c p r o p c l r t i ( ) r t i t t gl l l t i c t s s l s
Iong lLs tlte ilntolrnt of cllr11 ()\'cf clrn lre consistentlr nrlrintuirrc<lilncl llccountc(l tor in tltc ltilt
p e r c r n t l g ( ' s L r s e ciln t l r e n r i x .
H O t B i n S I I o t l ) i n s l L r el ( ) ( l t e ( l c l i [ t c t ] r b c l ( ) \ l l l e s ( r c r n i r . r gr - u r i rl r n i l e r c u s r r l t ( ) t c D r p o l r r i l V
s l o l e t l t r h c . l t c ( l : l n ( l s c r c c n c r l i L g g l r g u t c si n t l t t r l t L i o L t ss i z r - ' sl t ' r l t t i t ' c t l .F l l t c l tl t i l t i s e n i n t l i r i c l L t l t l
( ( n l l l ) l r t r l c n t . ( ) r i t ( i l n b c c o n s i c l t , r ' t ctlo b e I s c g r n c n l o f l r l l r l g t ( ( ) n t l ) l i l t n r ( ' l r lc l i v i c l e cllt t p . r r t i
ti()ns.l)r'()p('rlV s i z t , c l r O t l r i n s I I r l r l c n ( ) u g h n r r t c f i ; r l o i c - a c l rs i z e r r h c n t l t c r l i x c r i s o J ) c t i t t i r t gi l 1
firll clrprtcilr'T . h r I r O t b i n s n l u s t l ) r r i g h t . f i - c ef r o n r l r o l r s l r n c lh i g h c n o r r g h t ( ) p r t v r n t i n t c t t i t t
glir-rgof llrc xggfegxt!'s.
I l o l b i n s L r s t l r l l t l r a l e i n d j t r r t o r s t h i l t t e l l \ \ ' h t n l h c l g g f c g l L t c sl l l l l r t l o l r a c c l t e i n l c r c l .
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in(licltl()r'n s l i n l r e e i l l r c r e ] c r l r o n i c o r n r c c h l r n i c r r l (. ) n c s r r t h c l c c t r o n i c i n c l i t e t o r i s l l l l ) L L l l l
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I l a i l r l t i n s h o L r l r il x , c c l r - r i p l t c t lu i l l r l r n o r t l t l o u p i p t ' o l l u r t l t c t t o n j t h i g h b i n i n c l i c l t k r tl < r
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l ) r c \ ( , n l e \ ( c s s l l l ( ) L l n l s ( ) l : r g g r ( g i r t ct r r r n r l r : t c k i n g l t p i t t t o t l r c o l l r e r b i t t s . - l l t e t l c r i t t ' s
lrt,sct lo stolt ort'r'fillingol the Irins.\\'lrcrr l bin ortllills. tlte:trectt ltlrorc it ticlcson titt
i l . q g l ( , g . t trcc. s r r l l i n gi n : r l t t l r r r ( 1 l r r \ ' ( ) \ c r : t n r lp o s s i l r l ct l l t t l l r t g t ' t ol l t t s t l e c l l . ( ) \ ( ' r f l ( ) \ \ \ c l l l s
s l r r u l r l l r t ' t l r c t k e c l l r c r l L t e t r t l vl ( ) l n l r k c s t l r ( ' t l r e \ l r c l l c t f l o r r i t t l
I I ( n l ) i n s a r t l t l i , r ' r ' t , ct (l ) l ) \ t h ( i r t o l e l c e P a c i n . ' l l r i s t a n b c l L sl o \ a s l l J t t t t ' l t i c t ( ) l l s ( 2 ( )
t O n s ) l i r r ' : r s r r r r r l l l.I r r l l L ) r l c1 ) l l t c l lp l i r n t t o e s l l t r g t u s 2 r l l t ) ( t l i ( t ( n l s ( J ( 1 0l ( ) l l s ) l ( ) l 1 l l l l r g ( ' . 5 t r l -
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t i ( ) n r l f \ l ) l i L l t 1A. \ ( l \ ' ( ( ) l n n t ( ) r ' l c l r p l r c i l t i s i n t l t c l l t n g t ' ( ) l . 1 6i ( ) Illclric l()lls ( () t() il(l 1()lls).
S o r n t , t i n r t , tsl r c r c r ' 1 f i n t - : l g g r c g l l t c n i l l l l L n g r t p i n t l r c t o l r t t ' r s o f l l t c f i l t c i t g g r e g l L t (l ) i r l .
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\ \ I t e n t l t i s l r t r i l r l L r l tc o l l ; r p s t s . i t i r r r t r c s r r l t i n e n c r c r - s s i r t a r t t o r t t t to f l i r t c s i n t l l t ' t l t i x . lrrslr
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( ) l l i n ( n t i l i ( , r i . t l sl r : r l t l l t o , . r r u s r r h t n t l r t ' , r g g f c g l l t c 1 , . ' r e li r t t l t t ' l r i t t i s c l r l t r l t l ( l ( ) \ \ l l t ( ) ( ) k l s
s O l L r t i O ri si t ( ) l l l i l i n t i r i n l ) l ( ) l ) c l . l g q f c g x l r l r r e l i o t l r t l r i r - t . \ l s ( ) . f i l l r l P l r r t t ' s\ \ ' ( ' l ( l r ( l i n t ( ) l l l e ( 1 ) r
r r t , r ' os l t l r e l r i r rs i l l r r r i n i t r i z t ' t l r el r t r i l c l - L to1f - lrl t i ' I i t t e s .
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l ) ( ) t ( ' n l i r Lrli l r s t l r c i c st o l r g o o c l r l l i \ i n ( l L r ( l r ' s l l ( ) 1 1 r r q ( ' ot tl L t t c t i l t l i t t o l l e
i n i l n ( ) l l t e r ) . \ \ ( ) f n ! : l t t c s i r r l l t c b o t t ( ) r r O l e l r i r r ( r r l l O \ i n g l c l r k r r g t ' 1 ) ll L g g r r . ' g e titl l l ( ) t l l ( \ \ ( ' i g l l
l l ( ) l ) l ) e f )l.t t t c ls r r t ' : l l i t l gi l l t h c l l i l l l l l l l s ( l l t L t s e cl l r r t l l l c l c t l s l t t i l l(t)l l l l l ( ) i s l L l r ( ' )
I I o t l t i n s l l L t s l r i ( ) 1b c t r l l o r r t c l l ( ) r r l l l ( l l i l ) t \ I l i n s l r o l t l g t s ( ) l e \ ( ( s s e s l L r c( 1 ) l f ! ( 1 c ( l l l r l t t l j L t s l
i n g t l t c , c r r l c l i , t r l . I , o r . c x l L l t p l c .i l t l t c c r x r r s , -l r i r r i s o r c l f l o l i n 1 : r r l t i l t t l t c ( ) t l l t r s r ( ' r l l : l i l lr l t s i l t i s f i l ( '
t o r r l c r c l . l l r t c o l c l I r i n t l t t l s u p p l i i n g n r o s l o l l l r c ( ( ) i r r s ei t g . q r c g l l l ts l t o L t l cll- r t ' I r . ' t l t t t e isl l t g l r t l l
I 1 i \ l l ( ) t g ( x x l p r i l c l i c e t ( ) n t l t k ( ' l \ \ ' ( ) t r r l c l l c c c l u ( l i L r s t n r ( n l si t l ( ) n c e . I 1 ) r t \ r l l l l l ) l ( . i t t l l t ' t r t t : t l
l i ' e r l i s c l c l i r i e n t l L n r lo t r c l r i n i s n r n n i n g u l i t t l c l r t ' r r r r . i 1 j s l r c l ( , . ' tl ( ) i t ( l i r l s lt l t t t o t r t l I c e t l t i r s l ; t t l r l
l l r t ' n n l L k e t n l r t l j r t s t r t t e nll( ) t l t c l i e ( l o t t l l t t ' t i n e l r i r l t i l a t i s I r - t t t t t i l l gl t c r t r \
I l t l t c g l r t r - , i l {l l t ( , l ) ( ) t t ( ) l l to f r r ] t r i t l r i r r i s \ o r n l r n r l l c r t k i n g r n l L t t ' r i a li.t t t t L t s tl r t ' r e 1 ; l t i t c c lo r
r c l t l t r t t ' r l i r r r n t e c l i l t lt rt ' . L e e k a g e l r o n t u l r o t l r i r r r ' l r t l t t i r e l s e l t r l l l ( c t g n t ( L l t i o n o f t l t c f i r t l t l n l r x
tUft.
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: \ l o t l c n t l t o l t u t x e s p l l t l t p l : r r t t sa l t t ' c l r r i 1 r ; r r -s' irtlh r l c r i i c s I i r l s r r r r p l i n e l r o t r r u q r c t 1 l L tftn' r l
l l l c l ) i l r s . \ l ( ) s t l ) l i L r ' r lLsl l i l i r ( ' l l i l l l l l ) l c c o n t ; t i n e r n r o r L n l t ( i o n l L r o r l . l l r i t l r i s s l i r i r r n t l r . , r ' l l t r - ' l t o t
l l i r l t i ' t ' t l c r . ( ) r ' g i l t L ' .l ( ) c r t l t l r t l t c . l . q g r c g : l l tl L si l ( l l ( ) J ) s .S ( ) l r ( ' l ) l l n 1 s r D t L tl L r r c a c l t ' r i I r l ( ) ( i i \ ( ' f l
t l t e l l o \ ( ) f i t g g r c g i t l t t r r r n r t l r r - l r o t l r i n t o e s r u r P l r -r' ' o n t r L i n c rl.t L se s s c n t i r r lt h i l l s l l ( l l s : l n l p l ( ,
( ( ) r r l i l i r l e r sl l c I r ' O p t ' r l t i o c l t t e c lr r h c n l l r k i n g t l l c s i l n r l ) l e . 5 ( )t i r x l i l r ( ' l ) r c s r n t l l l i \c s l l n p l r ( ) f l l l c
n l l t c r i : l l i r - lt l t t ' l r i n s t i l l l r c c o l l c c t c c l .
l ) L r r i t t gq r o t l t t c t i r ) n .1 r sr l l c l l g g r t g l L t ( 'i l o r r s o i t r t l t ( l ) l i l l t l s c r c t n s . f i n , - , rl') l l f t i ( l ( , si i r l l t ( ) ( ) n (
s i c l c o f c l t c h b i r . r : r n c lr o : r r s t r I ) i l l t i ( l c s t ( ) l l l ( , 1 ) t l l c r ( t ' i . q L l r eL J I ) . \ \ ' l t e r r n l r l c l i : t l i s ( l l l \ \ n t r l r n l
l l t c l r i n l r t o p e n i r t g l l g : r l ( , i l t t l t c l ) ( ) t t ( ) l l )l.] i e s l t ( l l l l ( ( ) l l s j \ l l ) r c ( l () l t ) i n l u t t l t i t l l l n r l l t a l t l i l r l l r l
o t t e < ' t t ( ll t t t l c ( ) t r s c r r ] l i l l c l i i r l i r t t l i t o l l r t r ' . - l l r t ' r c l o r t ' . t i r c l ) ( ) s i t i ( ) ro) l t l r t ' s r L n r p l i n ur l t ' r i t t i n t l r r - ,
s l r ( ' i l r t l( ) f r t l t t c l i a i c l i s t l r r L t g e (f l1 ( ) r l rl l r i n c l t ' t r - r ' n r i n cssh c t l r t l t l r e s a r r p l c r r i l l l r e r o n r p o s c r l o f l r
l t r \ ' t l , r ' f l i t t . . r ' ' ' , , | . ' I | , , , I 1 i , , | L , ..|| l t . r . r r . l . r t ,t i l , f ( . r | l t . . l i , , r t , , ' t l r , t . . t \ , . l i n I l I l , t . r r l . 1 . 1
t . l . l ) . l h i s c o t t c l i t i o tits , . ' s p e c i l l L cr r i t i r e l i n t l r ( ' \ u n r l x ' r I ( l i n t ) l r i n . s i n c c t l i e l r e t e r i e l i n t l t i s
l r i r t s t l o n t l t i n l l L r c r r c c sl l t r i u l ( ) L l n t o 1 l r s l t l l L l l r ' e r l r r i l c ciln l l t ( , l l r \ .
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veririti(rrs ol gnl(ling in thc stockpilcs (x l)\' crnltic fcecling of tlre rrrkl uggrcg:ltc. \\'hcn thr5
l i l ' r n o l s c g r c g l t i o n e x i s t s .r ( p r e s ( n t l l t i v c s l u n p l r s c l n n o t l r t ' o l r t r t i n e t l . e t e n u h e n t h c s e m p L i n g
clcvicc is usecl cor rectlt'.
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No|mellV it is tlle c()ntractolsresponsilriiitl't() crlil)nltc the HXIA pllrnfr ho$ i.\'er. agencv
inspcct()rslre otjrn leclr.rirerl to olrsen e lnd lre aware ol the procecluresuseclto lrrive ll art
eggrcgxtcc()nll)inllti()nthxt merts the jolr mix fornrul:r.
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ploclrrccthr clrsircclxggrcgatcconrbin;rtion,tlle c()ntent of clch bin nlust bc anxlvzecl.
Tlre firsl step in rnalr.zirrgtlre lrot lrins is t() start thc plant uncl thc ct.rlclfretl. thr rlner. encl tlre
screer1s. \\'hen the l)lxnt reuchesopenting conclition.such that it is lrclievecltlre rlrxtcrill in the
l)ins is rcfrcscnteti\c ()f thc propofii()ns cstublishc<lrrt ttte iold fcecl getes.u serrple c>frggre
gntc is tuken ironr cuth irin. The lggregrte slrnplcs rre then grrclccl.On(e tlle graclltion o1'
nrxterill in clLchhot bin is cleterrninecl. the exect pcrccntilge tO bc prrl)eciflorr ear'h bin to rnect
the r:lesigrlnrir cun be crlctrhtecl. This is clone b1 l trial rncl crnrr nretlrocl.
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TIrc eggreguteis clras'n from each hot lrin into LIreueiglr hopper. onc bin at a timc. The
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fionr scale beanrs anrl * eighs t ur.r.rtrlltivelv
thc lrnrountsof :rggre
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l l l e ( l 1 l l t c - s l 7 lt l g g r e g x l e sI . t e x l .l t r t d t l r t l l r . r e s itr g g r c g i L t eI u s t . i h i s 5 ( , ( l u c n a ci s r l e s i u n c r l t o
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t h e f i n c f r . t t c t i o n sl t t t i t c t o p o f t h e n t i g h l r o p p r r . r r i r e r e l l r r v c r r r r l r o tl c e l i o u l t l r r t r g h t l i t g r L r t ,
r L lf h c l ) ( ) 1 t ( ) r lo f t h c u c i g h I x r p p e r . 1 ' h i s s l s l e n r l r l s o l l l o r r s t l r c n t o s t e t f i t j t n t u t i l i z l t i ( n l ( t t u l e
rvrlilrtllle r olLtrllc in thc weigh hoyrpcr'. since thc ljr.rer-:rggregrtcs r^,ill palriellr' penctrrrrc tlrc
\ , , r L l - i l l t q \ ( ) . l r \ (t . l F r r ( . r ] . t\t.L
\ \ ' h c n l l t c p t t l l i n g s e t l u e n c c i s c l c t e r n r i n c r l .t l r e l ' e i g h t s t < . b l e clrelln front the lrot lrins lrre sct
ol.t llte stltlt. TIris infi>ntretion is norrttallv cntered ink) il c()nlpLttcr tltxt c()ntr()ls the opcning lrncl
c l o s i n g o f t h c b i n s t o o b t r t i n l l i e c o r r e ( l i m r ( ) u n t O l - u g g r e g r t cl i o r r r e l ( l t l r i n . | i g u r c + . J i i J J L r s -
f r i l l c s l l ( ) \ \ t l l e c t t t t t t t l l t t i r t ' s c l r l r s e t t i r . t g s : r Luc s e c l l ( ) ( ( ) n t r o l t h e \ \ e i g h t < t f l r g g t ' r g a t t r l l r u n l h r n t
ret lr bin.
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['i)rl) tllt wei.qh ho1-rPcr,eggrcultc is clcpositctl into thc Plunl s prrgtrtill (nti-ring clLrrtrbcr').
w h c | c i t i s l r l t n c l c t l r r i l l t t l t c 1 ) r ( ) p c rp r o p ( ) r t i o n o f : r s p h u l t b i n c l e r . l n i t t v p i c l l p l u n l s v s l c n t .
l l s p h l i l t i s s e i g h c c l s e p l l r i l t c l \ i n r r t i g h l ) L l ( k d s \ \ h i ( h l r t c r . r lto s t c i . s c l r l e ' crl- r n i l s b < ' t i r : .
l)cillg intr()(lrr(('(l irtk) tlrt ptrgmill. \\ hcn thc n cight of usphelt in tht buckcr re at.lre-sI prc(lcte r-
r l l i t l e c ll e v e l . l t r : t l r c i n t l t c c l e l i r e t l l i n c c l o s r - st ( ) 1 ) r c \ c n 1c x t e s s l r s y t l n l t l r o n t l r c i n g t l i s c l t a r g e c r
i n t o r l l e l r L t c k c t .T i t e e s p h e l t i s t h c n p u n r p e c l l h r o r r g h s p r l ) : r r s i n t ( ) t h c p r - r g r r r i (l l - i g u r c + . J 5 ) .
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I r s p h r r l t r t n t l k e i t l l r r i r l e n O u g l t t O I r r r r r J rl n c L p r o p c r l l ' ( ( ) l r l l l t ( l l g g r ( ' g l l t e .1 l n ( lI l l r l l g g r c g i l t t t ( )
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ntllie it clrt an(l lt()t en()u.{-il}t() llcccpt tlrt rrsl>hllt ar.tcL Pl.(rrlLtrelt finisltetL rni\ itt thc
I(',nrpef.lturc.
A s l t h l t l t i s r r t h c l t l o p l e s t i c r l r l r t ( ' r i a l \. h i c h l n c l t l t s t h a l i t s \ i s c ( ) s i ( \ c l cc r e l s c s l l s i t s l e l l l P c l l l
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t L l r c i n ( . r c l r s ( ' sl l l t t l I i c t r c r s e . l r t I e l l t t i O n s h i Pb e t N e e n t ( r l l P c r l l t L l r el l l l ! l \ i s c ( ) s i t \ ' .l l ( ) \ \ ' c V c r .
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11iy n9t ltc the sarrre {ol clif'ffrcnt s()Lllces()r tlpcs rtncl gttcles oi rts;lhelL. tc tlrllcrlltt t t t' ot
t l t e l r g g r t g l t c c ( ) n t 1 1 ) llsl l c t c l l p r l e ( r r r e o l t h c n r i x t t t t c . I l o r r c v c t . l l l c i l g l l r e g x l e l t n c l 1 1 t cl t s p l l l l t
t e r l l l x 1 i l t t l r ( , s i t r l r r i cllt c c s s e n t i l r l l t t h t : s ] r n c N l r c r - it h c t ' r L I e i n t r o c l t t c c t li n t o t l t c p r . t g n l i l l .N < l l '
1 1 t l l . r ' t. r r r r i x i r r gt e l t l t c n L l L t r ci s s p r c i l i t c L . b l r s , - ' rol n t h ( ' ( l 1 x r : l c t ( ' r i s l i c sr > f t l i c a s l l h l l l t r t r . t col n t r t c
t1)|SIeli1ti1lgl<ltllixing.1llltt.r,tlltt-it.ltlclc.ilItt1lettingc.rllltlititllls',\r,ltltltr.,tllllsitlc
p r n t t L l r ! t x l L r i r c t l t ( ) ( l t l l l t e l g g r ( g 1 r t ( ' s r r f f i c i c n t l vt ( ) ( ) l ) t l t i l ti l s l l t i s l : l ( t ( ) r \l l l i x .
()l
\ l i x i r i g s l r o l r l c Ll t e c l o n e l l t t h c l ( ) \ \ ' c s it c l n l ) r r i r t L r r ct l r e t \ i l l l t I o r i c l c f ( ) r c ( ) l l l l ) l ( t ( ' ( ( ) l t i l l g
t l t c r r g g t t g r i t c l ) l r r t i c l c sa n r l l t R r t l L r t r : r n r i x t u l c o l s l t t i s f l t c l o n \ O t l i ; t l r i l i r ' , . \ \ ' i l l ] t h e i n l r ( ) c l L l . ( ] r l
f i
O l t h e l t c r t o n r r a n c e . q t ; t r l c c(lP ( i ) l t s p l r e l tb i n c l c r s .t h e s c l c t l i o r t o l t l t t ' c o t t c t t l l l i \ i l l g t e l l l l ) e r r t l t l l e
l t a s I t c c O r n t ' t r r o r cc O n r p l t x . l h c n t i r i n g l t l n t l ) c r i r t U r cO f l l t t ' l t i r r r l c r ' .r t s c l t t t ' t l t t i l l e c Lf r O I l t t l t c l : l b < r
r i l l ( ) r \ \ ' i s c 1 ) s i l \t e s t s i l l t ( l l l t e l e n l l ) r I i i t r r r e r i s c o s i l t t l l t L t . , - l L l l I l c t t s t t l e s r t l l r l i n l o l r t f c t t ' n t ' c l n
s ( ) l l l r c r t s c s ,t i ) f n c l l t ( u 1 I I ( ) c l i l - i c t ll)r s p ) r e l t s t. h i s n l : r \ l ) c t h c p r ( ) 1 ) t r l l l l x l l l g t e l l l l ) u l t t L l r t o f . i l t
'lltt
I c l t s t .c l o s t l O i t . ' - I - O c l l . t cs t ltr c ( ) n t n r c n c l t t i O ni i r t t t t i x i t t g 1 e l ) l p t r i l t r l r ei s c ( ) t t s i t l t ' r t ' t l
l t i n c l t ' r1
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F,,'.nt,.
rtccuratexnd shoul(l be use<lif at all ;rossible.I1 slroLrlclbe rrnclcrstcxrcl that t\\( ) asphult binclers
*itlt thc santc pcrlirrnunce graclecor-ilclhlvt' clifti'l'nt optinrrrni tlti-\ing teltrperxtures.especiallv
il thcl are proclucccllrv dift-erentmcthocls.Ancl thcv nrost ccrtrinlv rvill har.c cliflcrcnt ntixing
tempcnltures if onc is a ntorlifie'clasphalt lrncltlte ()tlter is n()t.
DlPugmillMixing
()n(e tli('l)lltching of agglcgate anci esplrelt is conrpletecl. thr :rggr(,{-liltcis translcrrccl to lr
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t r t i x i n g c h u r t t l l l e rt.a l l e t l r t p t r y n l i l l . l r t : p L r g n t i l li s s i t u l t ( ( l i n t n t e c l i u t c l rb e k l r t h e l e i g l r I r o p p e r .
V i l t L r e l l r r. l l m o t l e r n p l x n t s u s ( ' l t \ \ i n - s h a f i p t r g r r r i l l .u h i c l r c o n s j s t so f r L l i n c c Lr u i r i n g c i r r r l -
ltcl rlith tlrrr lrr.lrizontel slrafis. on uhiclr several (r()ss trnrs are nl()untc(l. At elclt encl oi thc
cr()ss !lnns is lt nrctrtl ;rlate. conrmcxrlr clrllccl e rnixing paclcl)e.'llrcsc plrckllcs nttrst bc lrrljrrstctl
k r e r o i c l c l e ' l t t zl ( ) n c s i n t l t c p L r g m i i l .I ) c : r c Lz o n c s l r e r r e l l s u l r c r c l l r t l l a t e l i i r l s l r c n ( ) t 1 ) r ( ) p c r l \
'lir
rncl thororLghlr rt.tixecl. llrirl this situati()n. the paclcllcs siroulcl bc l(ljLLsrc(ls() rlttt tllc ( lcrr
; t n c t l t t t s c c n t l t c l t a c l c l l ct i p s l r n a lt h e r t t i x e r l i n c r i s l e s s t l l u r o n c i n l l t h c l l l \ i r n u n t s i z c a g g r e
gete ttsecl in thc mir. \\irrn or lrlokcn 1:nckllesslroulcl lre repleccd ils s(x)1rls possiblc.
I l t l t e p t r g m i l l i s o r e r - l i l l c c l o r u n c l eL f i l l c c l . l r o n - r r n i l i r r n m i \ i n g r r i l l o c t u r ' . \ \ / i t h t ( x ) l i n l c
r l L l t e r i a l i n t l r c p t r g n r i l l .t h c p e c k l l c s l r r e n o t l l ) l e k r u c l c r l u r t e l r r r i x t l r r r l r : r t e r i u {l t r i g r r | c , t . 3 6 ) .l f
tlte ptrgnill is ovcrloucletl. part of the n:rtrrixl \\ ill ten(l to ll()el (n llr(, t()p of thc brrtch rrntl not
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l r t ' t l r o r o r r g h l v n t i \ c ( l ( F i g L r r e. i . J 7 ) . h e s c s i t u i l t i ( ) n sc u n i r e a v o i c l e c l r v i i r l l o s i r r g t l r t n l r n r r f r r c
tltr('ri r('c()nrlclrclc cl lretclr rating. Nc>mnll1 the nnrrrrtlrlurers rxtilrg is lrlrstcl orr u yrt,rct,lturgeof
t l t r p r r g r n i l l sI i r c z o n c ( F i g u r e . i . J i J ) . ' l h i s l i r c z ( ) n e i s t h c n c l v o l u r r r e o f r l r e i n s i r l t o f t h c p L r g
l t t i l l f ) c l ( ) \ \ e l i n t ' t x t c n i l i n g l t c r o s st l t e L o p e r t o f t h r n t i \ i l t g l l r c l c l l c s . ' f h t ' r o l L r n r e o l t h c s h l f t s .
c r ( ) s sr l r t l l s . ; [ t c l t l l e s .i t n ( l l i n c I i s n o t i n c l r t c ] c ciln t h i s r o l l r n r c . l r ' r l l l ( ) s t ( i l s e s . l l l c n r i r x i r l L l n r( ) p ( ' l '
x t i r l g c f f i ( i e n c v o f l t p u g r t i i l l i s l L c i r i c r c c rl , r h t n t l r c p l L c l t l l ct i p s e r c l r : u t , l r r i s i l r l t ' r r t t l r r . ' s L r l i l r c r . , o f
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. l ) r l r i n g k r n g q r r o r l L L c t i ornu r r s o f l t c v t l r . : c lp r \ e r n t n l . e n i n c r e u s c i n t l r t P r o c l r - r c i i o rni l t ( p ( l '
h o L r Lc : r n b c u c h i c r c c l u i r h t l r t s l i g l r t l r s l r r r t e r l r e t c h c t c l e t i n r c .
. ' l l r c r c i s l c s s q c l t l l t n t l t e l r o n l l r r c c l r r i P n r i : n lti o r r l t l r r u l r l s t . l r t i n g r n ( l s t ( ) p l ) i n g .
. ' l ' l t c u e i g l t i r - t gl t r ( ) c e s sc l l n l r e t l o n c n r o t ' r ' l r l t : f r r l l v l t n t l l c c r r l r l t l t , l i t h l t s e p l i l l t t e u e i g h
h()pi)cr thllt is unclisturl)(jcl i)\' instan( slclllll rrlc|lse.
. l - ) p i c l l l ) . e h i g l r s p e r i l s l i n g c r c o n v c v o r i s L r s c t lt o c o n v c v l l r \ l ) f r o n r l l r e l l r \ l ) u e i g l r l r o l r
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c l l c h s l l p p l ) l l i n . ' l h c e s p h r t l l c r r n t t n t r c t h i n r c c i f f o n r t h c R . \ l ) i s l l l c n c L e t c r n t i n c cbj u s e c l9 1 1t h c
e \ t r : l ( t i ( ) n l e s t t l t s .l t n c l t h e n e u l i r l r r i c ie s p h : r l t r t ' c l r r i r c r r r c r f. il r l c r L t h l t r r t c l ri s t s t e l t l i s l t e c l .I t o t L L s t
l r t l L s s t l 1 t t clcl l l t t f h ( l l A I ) i s c o n s i s t t n t n ( ) l ( ) l t l \ i n l l t r - , t e t . o r c r . e csll r t n t g n t r l : u i o n . l t L r ti n t l t e
r s p h l l l t ( ( ) n t c n t a n c l p r L n i r . l ts, i z c o l - l l t c I i , \ l ) i t s ( i l .
l l e c l L t l s ct h i s l t l l p r c > l t c ht ( ) n r i \ I r r ( ) ( l u c t i o ni \ r l i ( ) l t r l i l f i c r r l t t l t r r r tl i t l r l t i q h - l t o r o l p u g n t i l l
i l l i t c t i o r . tn t ( ' t h ( ) ( l s .e s c c o n r l n r e t l r o t l .\ \ h r t l r L r t i l i z ( , i l r r c r , n l ) \ l ) . 1 s 5i s 1 r ' e r l r r t ' n t lar p p l i r r l \ \ ' i t h
t l l i s t l r c t l t o t l . g r r t c l : t t i o ni s c r r n l r o l l e t l l r t t i r c r o l t l l c c c l l r i n s t i c , r l i n g t l r t c l r r c r ' .l t s r i t l t c l l L r n r r i L - . r
s t V l c p l e t l t s . l h e i i l g i r t r L g r f c g x l e I l . \ l ) n l i \ l L r r ( i 5 1 ( ) r r ( i n l r r i n g l t l r o t l r i n i n t l t r l o l r . : r 't,l t q r " i
N t ' i t - t l l c t lL I P 1 l s( ) l . i cl l I t - l l l c n c l ( c l r 1 l i x l L r r ci | i l l l r i l q ! r c . q l 1 ( '\ c i l l t l t O 1 t l ; c r . ' I I l cn t i - \ t L l r ci s c l i \ ( , l T c ( l
i r l l ( ) ( ) l l c b i n . t r ' l t i t l t l l r t l l c \ L l n l l ) ( ' r I l r i n . u s i n g r l r t p e s s t l t r r t t l i t l t c l l r c l s r : t ' t r t l t r r l e v r r t ( ) fi u . t ( l
lltc st tccn ticcl,.
I l r l n v s t : l t e se l l o r r t l t i s t v p c o f u p p r ' o l r c h .l l r t L r s r l L l l rr r l s o l t ' c l r r i t ' cl t c l t l c t c l c l s l r i t l t r e r i l r l t l t ,
s p c c ( l ( l t i \ c s . s l l t e c l c l i s p l a r s .l L | t r lt O t l L l: r n ( l l ) r o l - x ) r l i ( ) n l lcl o n t r O i o \ ' t L e r c h l c e c l l t i n . - l - l l i s i s l l r r
slllllt utneri( rctlLtitctttct tl Ltscclfif fftcleI graclltion contr()l o]r cl|Lrnrtni..,.cr'slVlc
l)lltr. 5.
I : i t ' i l t L t s t l t t t f i p L l l ) t l r ( ' c l c r a t o t i s r t ' l r t t i v r l v s h o n i n t i n r c c i r r l l t t i o r . er .n c l b t c l r L r s et l r t I i , , \ l )
l l l L l s l l ) c ( l r \ l l t : f i r r c i t l ) : t s s c 5o \ c r l l r r - ' s c f u c r r s( ( ) t i s s t o r e ( l i n t l t t , c o r r i l r i n c c l l l r \ l ) : t g g f e . q i L llr) i n ) .
l l r \ l ) I X r f ( r n t i t g c s t ' ; t r c l t r u n ( ) \ c f l 0 ' r \ \ ' i l l l t l t i s r r1 t 1 t r . o l L t . l t .
lnttoducingBAPinto Heat hanslet Chanberor Dryer This :rpplorrchis csscnrirrllrrhe srurt rrs
t l t c ' s l ; t r l t l l t l cllr L t c l i t t c l c r e r o t n r c t l r ( ) ( 1l.) u t t l r c r L t l t l i t i o n( ) 1l I l e l r t t l l t r r s l L , r ' r ' l t e n r b ci nr . t h c r r r n r l r r r s -
t i ( n l r l r t l l r l l t l l c t l t v r - r ' r r l l o r r sI I A I ) h ( ' l L tt r r r r ' l s l Lt,of b c g i t . ti n t l r < :r l n c l s l t e l l . A n o t l t e r c l i l f c r . t , n . . , r : ,
t i l r l l s t ( ' 1 l l l Il e l c l s c : t l s o l r c g i n s i r . tt l i r ( l r \ c r s l r e l l . A n l r c l r l r n t e g t i n t i t i s
1 t r ' o r . r s iss t h r r t t l r c r r r s r r r
l l . q g r c g i t t cr l n ( l l l A l ) l l t c r t l r c l t t l t c o r t t l r i n t ' r li r 5 t l r e \ e \ i t t h t c l l r c r i l n ( l ( , n t c r t l i t , e l r \ ' u t o r
F l i e l t t : rp ' c r c c n t : r g r - 'O s f I l : \ P c l t n l t e a c . l t i r V r r l( 2 i , 1 ; ,j 5 1 r i ,i s t r ' 1 > i c u lt)h l n \ i t l t s l e n r l t r r r l t r r c k e t
t ' l t r l t l o r t l l e t l l o c i s .l r c c t r - t s el l l e l l A I ) I r x s l r l o n g e l p e l k r c l o f t i n t ( ' f i ) l l l c l l t t l a r r s l r l t o l t c r . o n t l t l e t
e t i . A l l o f l l c I a s P t ( t s ( ) l t l t c s t r t n t l l t l c l ) r r ( k t t e l c \ 1 r t ( ) fn t c t h () ( l t l ) p l \ ' t o t h i s r e ( . \ , ( . l i n gl r | 1 t r . o l t c l t .
B A P C n s i s t e n c y R e g a r r l l c s so f l h c t h c r ' ( ) n r r r s c s r l r r n c l r o l l r c l r l r r r r r i r p l l u t t . \ \ l r c n p f o
t l r t c i t . t gr e c l c l c c l t t t i x e s L r s i r t gr t ' r ' l l t i r l c c ll L s p h l l t p e r e n r c n l ( l l . \ P ) . o r r c n l l k e s t l t ( , i l s s u n t p t i ( ) nl l l i l t
: t f i t ' t t c s l i t t g t h c I I A I r f i r r ' . q r l t c l l i t i o nl t. s p l r r L ltto r r r e n t . r r n c ll L s P l r r t lct l t r r | r r c t ( r i s t i t st.l r t s e , r . h l r r u c t e r i s
t i ( s ( l ( ) l l ( ) l c h t l n g t . I l . \ l ) i s t r c : t l ( ' ( li l s ( ) n r n l l t ( r i l t l s o r r l t r ' u i t l t c o r r s t s t c n tg t - l t c l a t i i t nt .r s l t l l t l t r o r r -
t t l l t . i l l l c l l L s p l l l t l t l l r t l t c t c t i s t i t s . ' l ] t c n t ' r r c t r , . l r r l I I \ l A i o l r n t i r i o r n t L r l t ri \ ( t ! , i l t r ( l l l l k i l . q t l t ( , s ( ,
n I I t c r i l L l ( h l f l l ( l e f i s t i c s i l - l l ( )r ' o r t s i c l c | l r ttirti
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t t s t ( ' ( l l ( ) r ( ( ) l l s i s t e n ( \ ' l t r i o t t o P I O c i r - r t i n tgl r t l l l i \ f o I n t r r l : r .I l l l t c ( ( ) n s L 5 t ( ] u cO \ i t l t ( I . l A l )i s s u s
P t ( t . t h e n t l l t c l L t l t l i t vo i t l t c l i n r r l l r o t r r r i x n i l l l ) e s L r s p r ( t . l f I l A l ) c o r i s i s t e l t t t r s r l r l i u l r l c . L r s r n g . r
l l i g l r t r p t r c e n t r t g e s i l l i n c r c : t s r t l r t ' 1 r o b : r l r i l i t v t h r t t h e l i r . r : rpl r o c l L r c lr i l l l r c o r L t o l s p c t . i f i t . r t t i o ; .
\ o 1 l l e n l e r l r t i l ) t t e n t o r c o n t r o l c ( l L r i p r l r e nct e n c h e n g e t l r i s i n c r i t r r i r i l i t r ''.l h i s i s o n e t c l t s o n
l r i t \ ' s 1 : r ci f' c- 1 i r l gr t g c l t t i c s f i - c t l L r e n t l lVr s k l i r l l l . , \ l ' s o L l I C c st ( ) b c s t o c l i p i l c c ls c p : r r r r t e l r ' . ; t n crlr . h r
Ilr\l) l)erccnllgcs rlc oftt'n lirnitecl in the finel ltrorLucl.
( ) n c \ \ i l v l ( ) t l s s u r t l ) c t t c r c ( ) n s i s t c n c ro l t h c l l - , \ l ' i s t ( ) s p l i t i t i n t o t \ \ ( ) s i z c s - l l
line nlirtrrill
l r l t c la r r l t r s c r u a t e l i e l . l - s u l l l v t l t c s l t l i t i s n n c l e ( ) n t l l e 9 . 5 n l r r r ( j 8 i n c i t ) o r l l t t i . - 5 l ] l n t ( \ ( ) .
l) \crcen.'l llc llllttefi:ll troulcl Llten be plopoltionccl int() thc llli\ as if it rvc rc t\\1) clit-fcrcnt
s ( ) L l f c c s( ) l n r i r t c l ' i l l .
PL.\\l ()PItR.{]lO
Rcgarclless of rl helher a betcll plant is manrral.senillutomuti( ()r
cotlpletelf ilLrt()mrltic.
certxin besic plllnt c()ntp()nrntslnd funr:
ti()ns llust [x'obsened regularlv t() cnsLrr( th?t thc plxr]t is c:rprblc of proclucing HN{A thllt
nreets spc(ificirtions rncl is incleecl cloing so. Llrlou, is a list of iteurs thet shoulcl bc chcckecl reg-
trlurlr' ul ull t1'pes of batch plunts:
\ t p l : t n t s u l r t ' r t l r r t i l L l i ( ) n i l l t i (r ' o n t r o l p l r n e l i s u s c r l . t h t l i r l l o r r i n g i t c m s s h o l r l t l b e l c l c l c t l t o
l l r e c l r c rk l i s t :
l . ( l ( n ' r e ( 1i n p r r t o r t i r l n t t r l l rc l : r t l .
L Ilin uitlrclltrs orclcr in ltroller se(lLlclt(c
- 1 ., \ u { ( ) n l i r t j cs u i t c h i n o n P o s i t i o n .
+. Ui\ linrrfs (()rr(ctl\ sct
5. All control s\\it(hcs in c()rre(t positiorr.
6 . l ) r o p c r ( ) p c n l i n r ( ' o f p L r u n r i l l( l i s c l l t r g c g l t c s .
\ \ ' h e r t r t p l r r n t u s ( ' s i i l t u u t ( ) r l l l l t i cr r c o r c l i n g r l e t i c r . t l r c f o l l o s i n g i t c n r s s l t o u l c l
lrt' cl reckecl regrrlrrrir':
I I ) f i n t ( ) u t sc l r c c k e c r r r r e t t l t l L g l l i l t s tI l i t t e r i l l l i n l r L r tl t n c l s i l t l e s .
2 . \ g g r t g e t r ' p f i n t ( ) u t s l e l e | t O l t t o l r r ' r 'b i n s
. t I ' ri n t , , r . t1 . r , l r ' . * r 1 r r r . r i 1, " 1 l i t ) 1 " r , .
t . F i l c o l - q r r i n t o L rltr u c l i n g s k e p t l o l c l t s i c n l r t t ' r lp t ' r ' i o r lo f t i n t c .
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secti()n clescribcs firt.rctiorrsuniqrLr t() clltinr rni-r plents lnci presents infi)rrlati()n t
shrtrl hou e plant shc>rtlci()perrte in oLcleLto plocltrcc :r per ing mixturc tirilt mects job sper'lfica
t i ( n s . l \ x ) n c ( ) l r p l e t i n g t h i s s e ( l i ( ) l t o f t h c u r : t n u : r l .t h e r e e c l e rs l r o u l c l l r e a l r l e t o :
'l'ht.
l)rur)t rlti\irtg is a relatir"'eh'sinrple pr<x css of proclrrcing h()t ntix :lsphelt. nrixing cirr-rnr,
Or clLttnt rttixcr. $ hich is thc nllli()r (r)rrp()ncnt. xn(l fr()nt u hich this t),pc ()1 1)lilnt gets its nxntr.
i s r e n s i r r t i l a l i n x p p c x r z n c c t o e l r a t c h p l l r n t c i n ' t r c h r r n r . ' l h c c l i l l e r e n c eb c t r v e c n r l r u n r r r r i x
pllrtrs rlrtcl lreltlr pl:tnts js tiltt in rlrunr nrix plxnts thc xggregltc is not onll cLlied uncl heutecl
r r i t h i n t l t c c l n t t n . l r u t l t l s c >r n i x e c l r r i t l r t h e ' l l s p l l l r l t l ) i n ( l c r . ' l h c r e l r r e n o g l l r c L l t i o ns c r e c n s . I r o t
bins. rreigh ltoPpers. or pugnrills in a clrurn nrix plant. r\ggfcgllte gftrcllrtion is contr'Ollcrl lrt thc
c r r l t l f i ' e c l . I r i g t r r t : i . - i 2s l t o u s l l p i c l r l ( l n l n l n r i \ p i l n t s ( ) n c s l l l i ( ) r - l l r \ r r n c lo n t , p o l t t r l r l , - ' .
As thc \ rtrioLls rrggregetcs lrrc corectlv plo;rortionecl 1l llrt (r)l(l fi'ccl lrncl introcLLrcecl itrtci the
c l n u l l i r r a l n i n g . t l l e a s p h l t l t b i n c l c r i s e l s o i n t r o < l L r t e ci ln l ( ) t h c r l n r n t . l h c r ( ) t l l t i ( ) n( ) l t l t ( ( l r r L l n
ptoricles tlte rttixing acti()nthlt tftolotrghlr'lrlenrlsllrc:rspllLlt binder unrl tlit lggrcgutcs. As thc
t t t i x i s t l i s c h l u g c c ll r r r n r t l r e c l t L t l r . i t i s c : l r r i e c lt o e s u l g t ' l r i r r ( ) r s l ( ) l r 1 l ( s i l o e n i l s r r b s c c l r r < ' n t l t
I o a t l e c li n t o t r u c k s .
PI-AN]'oPIRATIO" -(
l:itun'.t-ll }lrrPhrr* l\llrhlllrprldrre* (irLutr':i
l)rLru ut(,\11;
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MixPlant0perations
AndConponents
]tc Illlttlarrcnllrl (olltJ)()ncr)ts Ol llte rlILrllt lIi\ l)llutl ilrt:
. Sepuftrlt coltl feerl irrntRr]s li)f cach xggregxtc size ancl RAP.
. Scl)lrrlrtc in(licirt()rs of nraterilrl rlclircn r:rtes lirr rrll cor.Dponenls.
PI-ANT OPl]RA.TIO
. I n t t r i o c k i r t g ( ( ) r . l t r ( ) l (s) f i r g g r c g x t c c o l ( l l i ' e ( 1 .l s p l i a l t l n d r r c l c l i t i r ec l c l i r r l r ' . r r n t j l l A l ) t l c i i r
( ' r \ ' 1 () t h c ( l l L l 1 .
. - \ L l t ( ) r n l L l il(r t r r n c Lc o n l l i t l s .
. l ) L r s tc o L l t c t o l t l l t l c l t n l c c t l l l L t l i c o l l c c t c c l l n l r t c r i r l li n l o l l r ( , s \ s t ( , n r ( ) r \ \ i t s t c t h e ( l u s t .
. S c n \ ( ) f s 1 ( )r l r c l r s u f ct e l l t l ) e n t t u r ( ,o f t l t c l t o t l t l i - \ t L l r e1 l t c l n r r r rc l i s c ] t t l c t .
. S t g f r g l l t i ( ) n ( ( ) n l f ( ) l s ( ) n s r r l g c l r i n s O I s t r t ] i t g cs i L i t s .
. \ l ( ) i 5 t L l r e( r ) r r p e l t s l l t )( f .
. , \ l l t n ) t s 1 ( )l i l c f l t l r ( ' ( ) l ) ( r i l l ( ) f l o l U t \ i l t t c l r L r l ) t i ( ) n (s) l l l l i L l ( ' r i l Li l t ' l i t c r r .
. l : ( l L r i l ) r r c nlll l : r 1\ \ ' i l l l ) 1 1 ) ( l u c c n l ( ) U l( ) t n l r t t ' r ' i l l t L , l i r r - r ' tl i t l e s l n c ] l ( ) l r L l ist l s p ( ' ( i i i ( ( l i n t e n r r l s
I)
Aggrcgate Stonge And Fged In :r tlrLrrr nri\ l)Lrnl. nrj\ grilclrlti()n rrnrl Lrnililntilr ilrc cntircl\
r l c p c l t c l c n t o l t I l l c ( ( ) l ( l l t c c l s v s t c n r . I ) l ( ) p e f ( l l f c r t t r r s ll r c c x c l c i s c t l n o t o n l t i n t l t c l u o c l l r c t r L , r r
( ) f l l i c r t g g r e g x l t . l : l L t tl t l s o i n i t s s l o l l r . q t ' '.l ' h c < o n t l r t l < i l s l r o r r l r lp l o r i r l t l i r l r r . t c i r i n g : r n c l I l r n
c l l i l t g r r g g t c g l t t c si n s t t c h r t \ \ l \ t i r . l t t l l t r r i s n ( ) t l l t l t g c I o l c ( ) l t l l L n t i n l t i l ) l O t I irtrcrntingliDu.
r \ l l t ( ) l t Q( ) t h e r t l t i r - r g st.l r i s n r c l t n s p l o v i c l i n . qc l e : r r .sr l r r ' l r r c c osn l lrich k) l)lll(c thc ntltt(,riiLls.
5 t ( ) c k l ) i l c sn t t r s l h l r c l l l c l ) f ( ) p c f , q n l ( l l r t i ( ) ni ( ) n r t e l l i n i r l r r i \ s l ) c c i l i c l t i ( ) n s .r r n c ll l t c r s l r o r r l t l
l t c l r - t t o f s ( ' g f ( ' 9 1il(t) r t . l i n o L r g l rs t o c k p i l c s o l r l i f i i ' r ' c n ts i z t ' f l r c t i o n s s h o u l c l l r c r r r e i n l e i n e c.l . .
P r i p c l l r ( r ) n t r ( ) l t l t ( g n r c i e l i o no f t h c n t i r . l ) r ' r r , t l i t c vs l t r r i r i t l t r ( s l ) e ( . t t ( ) 1 1 r es i z e s o f l l g g f ( . q r L t ( s
l l l i l l i t r ( s ( ' l ) r l r ' r t t ( ti ln t o t l i f f i r c n t s t o r k p i l c s . \ \ i i h ( ) u t t h i s s 1 ( ) c k l ) i 1ser p u r ; l l i ( ) n . i t n l n l r c r l i l l i c r r l t
t ( ) n l : r i n l i r i n t l t t l . ) r ' O 1 t cg II r t l l t t i o I t c < t n l l O i .
5 ( ' g r ( ' g i r l i ( ) lcr t r n l r r 1 [ r , r r . ' n t t t l h t r ( ) r t s l | i r c l i n gs l o c k y t i l r - si r t l t t r c l s n r i t c r c . c t c l i n e l . ] n t e l c t s
( i l ( ' ( ' t ) . i l n ( l I o a c l i n g l L g g r c g r L tltr o r r t l r < ' u l ) l ) c r i l r c l s o 1 t 1 r es t o < k p i l e . l l l t r ( ' l ) \ ' l n i l t i l l l i z i n g
s l o L t . q h i n go l t l r c s i c l c s l o p c s .
S c g l c g a t c t l s t o c k p i l c s . i l u n ( ( ) r r ( ' c t c ( lJ x i ( ) r l ( ) c n l r i l n ( r i n t ( ) t l i r n t i x i n . q l ) l x n t . \ \ ' i l l [ ( ' s u i r r n
r t t i r . q l l t t l a t i o t tc l i f t i c L r l t i e sT.I t t p l : t n r ( ) p ( ' n t ( n ' s l t o u l c l c s t u l r l i s h1 l n ( l l n l l i n t l l i l t l t ( n t s c s r e g i r l c d
s l o c k p i l c s . I l t l r e s t o c k p i l e s i l r c s e g r ( ' g l l t ( ' ( 1t h. r o L i g h p r x r r s t o c k p i l i n g p r l l c t i c c s o r n e g l i r c n c c . t l t t :
c l t ' f i t i c t t c i c si n u n i f i r r t l i t t r t t r - r sl lr t c o r r c c t e c ll r e l i r l c t l r c r L g g f r q l r t ci s f c r l i n t r . rt l t c n r i t i r - t gp l e n t .
I l e . q r t r c l l c sosl - t l t c m , : t l r o c lo l l t : r n c l l i n g .l l l c l l i l r t s s h o L r l cllr e ( l j r c c t c ( l i l t r l c l i r c l i n g l i l e ( r ) r r ( , ( 1 .
r t n i l < > r n t l rg r l c l c c l : r . q g r e g l r t lrr l t n r l t O t h c r r r i x i n u p l a n t .
S i n c e l l l c t v p i c r l l ( l l l l n r n r i x p l l t r - r Lr .r n l i k r : l r b l r t c h p l l l n t . ( l ( ) e s n o t i n ( ( ) r p 1 ) [ t t c l r g t ' l r r l l t i o r r
s c r c t l l i r l g u n i t . t l l c ] g ! r ( ' q l r t c r ] l u s t l ) c ( ( ) r r c c t l \ p r ( ) l x ) r t i ( ) n e dl ) r i ( ) r ' k ) i t s ( ' n t r \ i n t ( ) t h c r l ] i r i n g
c l t t t r t t . ' lh i s i s e s s c n t i r t l . ' l t t r t t o s l c - f f i ti c n t u : r r t o l r c c o n r p l i s l rl l r i s i s \ \ ' i t h l r n t L r l t i l t l t l r i n c o ] c l
leeci slstcttt cqr-rippctl rrith prtcision lrelt ti'cclcrs lil the cor.rtr'ol()f (,ir(h ;rggrcgltr'. I'ncler cltclr
l t i r t i s e l r t l t f l ' c t l c r o n t o u i r i c h t l r t ' a g g r e g r t e i s c l r o p p c c l .I ) r ' e c i s er r r n t r o l s ( l : i g u f c L 1 i ) l L l c u s c d
l r c r e 1 o f t ' e c l t h c e x r l ( t p r ( ) p ( ) r t i ( ) n si r r n t t h c l t c l t l e c c l c r so r . r l ot l r c l t c l t .
T I t c ' l t l a r r t s h o r r l c Ll t c c < l L r i p p c ctli t h p r o r i s i o n s ( ( ) c ( ) n v c n i c n t l \ o b l a i n l e p r c s t n t l l t i v c s l 1 l t p l e s
rtl tlte tirll tlou of rttalerial flonr clclr cokl fetcl lln(l thc t()t:ll colcl lcccl. Ilorrlinc slrrtrltlcs lrre
olrtltinecl fr()nr thcs( points encl trstc(l t() cletrnlin(. glil(lllti()rl
C o l c l l i ' c c l c o n t r ( ) l ( 1 ) n s i s t so l t l t e f i r l l o s i n g :
r,r-"rt()pr.rtArio\s
F
ColdFeed
Eins
l ndi v i du aI
B i nC o n l r o l s
Masler
Feed
Control
i : i : l r i t: :1 l l ' r r i l li l r ' r i i r r l r l r t : l r l { l ; t t : ' i irr:ltll'ri r: ri ' r , , , r r ' i ' i ' t t l ' { ' r r i t t l t , | t r . r
l'1,\\l r )PtlL\llo
'l\pilrrl
[qLriri. ti lJiTict:
SrLrrylinl lf \clt{')
i{]cttrli:sr
u,.o'u'r
oPlrRd'ro\s
P
\\eigllt. an ac(Llftlte r]rc:lsrlrcnrcnt ()1 lggrcgltc nr()istLlr('('(ntent is inlp()rtxnl. Irr(nll lhilt lllcll-
s L r r e n l e n t x. ( l j u s t l r I C n t sc l l n l ) e r I L i ( l c t ( ) t h c l l L r t ( ) l l t i l t ii(l s p ] L l l l n l e t c r i n g s v s l t n r l ( ) e n s L l f et h l l t t h t
l u l ( ) L l n t ( ) t i r s l ) h l r l t( l ( ' ] i \ ( ' r ' c ( tl o t h c t l t t r n r i s p l o l l t ' r ' f ( ) r l h c t l l l ( ) u n t o f a g g l e g l t t c r t t i n L t si t s r t t L r i s -
l llf(' ( ()ltlen1.
T h e r n o i s t r L r cc ( ) n t c n t ( ) f t h c c o k l l c t r l x g g r ( g l t r s l i o r - r i cl lr c < l r c c k c t l l t e l o r e l t e g i n n i n g c l t i l r
'llrt (()ntrir(l()r.sltolrlcl
c l l r t s r 4 r c l r t k r n l n t l e g l i n a l r o r - rtth e n l i ( i ( l l c ( ) f t l r < ' c l u r . l t t l j t r s tt h t t l , , i :
t u r c c o n t r o l c ( l r L i p n l c n tl l c c o l ( l i n q h . l f t h e n r o i s t r r l e ( ( ) r ) t c l r t i s b c l i t r c c l t o r l t r t c l u r i r t gt l r e c l a r . i t
'l
s h o r r l c lb e c h t c k c c l n r o r c f i c c l r r c n t l r ' . h c n l r i s t L r r ec ( ) n t ( n t r l i i l \ l r e t i t t r l r t i i n c c l m e n l t t l l r ' o r t l e c -
l r o n i c a l l t . l ) r ( ) \ i s i ( ) n ss l r o u l c l l r e n r a c l et i I ' e l c c t r ( r n i c l r l l r ' ( ( ) r r ( ' ( t i n g \ \ e t i t g g r r g l L l t $ e i g l t t I e l t t l i r t g s
k ) ( l r \ i r g g r ( g i r l ! $ c i g l r t r t u c l i l r g s c ( ) n t i n r r ( ) u s l vc l u r i r ] gp r o r [ L r t i U D
\lorlrIrr planls Irave nroisture-sensir.rgclcviccs that ctn sense ch:tngcs in nr()istLrrec()rttcnt
( ) n ( r s r l t o ; r s p c t i f i t n r o i s t u l c c ( ) n t c n t . ' l - h c c l e Y i c ei s r r r u p l c c l i n t o t h c c o n t r ' o l s v s l e r t ta t l t i c o l t i
llrl-rsirles lol nroisture chlrnges lrukrnrlrtic:rlh'.
Asphalt Chntrcl With A Drun Mixer Asl)ll:rh (1)ntl()l in :r rlrLrr nli\cr opcrltion is cl()ne (r)ntin-
L l ( r t r s l r ' . l' li t e s p l i l L l ti s n r e e s r u ' r ctl h I O r L g hl t c l l l i l ) r i l t c c ln r r t e r ( ) n . l ( ( ) n t i n u o L l sl ) i L s i sr. c L t t i \ t t ( )
x g g r u g x t e l l o l . a r r t l t l t e n c r r r t t b i n e c sl i t h t h c i r g g l t g l l c i r . tt l t e c l r L l l t l .
1 - h e ] s p h : r l t c { ) [ t r n t i s i n t c | l o t k r : c l l ( ) t l r ( ' ] . q g r c g . l t t f l o $ . I h c r r r o n i l o r i l t gs v s t c f i r n o l t \
chlnges in rhc rlcight of lr{rcrcglrtc ()\('r th(' lrt'll sclrlc ltntl lrtrtomlLtic ull\ 1r(ljuststlrr-'lLspltell flou
l ( ) ( ( ) n r p c n s r t c I i r r t h c s c c h l r n g c s . ' l h c b , : l t s c l r l c n r t ' e s u l c st h c l g g r c . q l r l el l o r r l t r . t cllc p ( n t s t ( ) l l l c
r O n l t - o lc i r c r r i t s . ' l h c l r s P h ] l t n l c t c r n l ( l r s L l r ' ( 'tsh t ' r L s p l r r t l tf l o \ \ r r n t l r t p ( ) r t s l ( ) t l l e c ( ) l l t r ( ) l( i f r t l i t \
T h c c ( ) l r t r ( ) lc i r c u i t s c ( ) l l l l ) l l r ct h C t \ \ ( ) n L l l r l ) c r s l r g r L i n stth ( s r t J ) ( ) i n lt ' s t : r l t l i s h e cl l) \ ' t h t ( ) l ) t f x t ( ) r
I l a n l r c l j u s tr e n t i s r c c l L r i r e r lt.l r t n l r s i g n l L li s s ( ' n t t ( ) t l r e r L : P h r L lftl o s , . r r n t l o l I t t c c l l u t i s r t t l t r
s p c c c l u p o r s l o l t l o n n t l r e ' e s p l r a l tf l o l .
DDDrumMixoperation
Basic Desuiption l)nrm nri\ plents makc use o1 u ;rrocess lr hctell ilggrcgrt(s in tlrtir pr()l)
c r I ) r ( ) l ) ( ) r { i ( ) nrsr r t i r r l l o a r l n c r c l r l r n r .c i r i c c ll n c l h e l t e c l i n t l l r t c l r l r n r .l t n c l t l t c n n r i x e c l s i t h
r r s p h e l tl t i n r l t r : r n c l c o n l i n t r o u s l r ' f c t l t o l t s t r r g c b i n o r s t ( ) r e g es i k r . T h c r c r t t e r t I t L r r t l t c ro l r r l t t s
i r t s l t i c h t h i s p r o r . c s sc l L n 1 ; r k c p l r r t t , . l r r r c lt l r c s c t i l l b c c l e s t l i l r c t l . i l r i u t v c r . t h t r t r L r ( ' s ( n t l e
b r r s i t . t r r n r r r r o n( ) p c r i l t i ( ) n st l r i r t \ \ ' i l 1f i f s ( l r c c l i s c L r s s e c l .
-l'he
h c l r l t o l l h e r l n r n r n r i x p l r r n t i s l l r t ' r l l L r n r c l r r e r r r r i r t r i l s c l l l l i s s i n t i l r t ri n i l t ' s i g n e n t l
c ( ) n s t r u c t i ( ) nt ( ) i r ( r ) n ! c n l i ( ) n i L ll r e t t l r p l e n t r ' O t e n c l | r c r ' .( ' \ ( ( l ) t 1 ] r i l lr c l l l r r t tn t i x c I n ( ) 1( ) n l \ ( l L i ( s
t l l c : t g g l r g ; l t c l r L r ta l s o l r l e n c l sl l r r r L g g r r g r i l eu r . r crl L s P h r r ltt( ) g e t l l e f i n t o r r h o t r r i x l t t | e .
A g g l c g u t c t : n l c r s l l r t : p l i r r l L l r z o n c o l t h c c l r L r n rs. l r c r c l t c r L tl r o n r t l i t l r t t l n e l c l r i e sl l r t ( l I l t i t l s
it. fltc lrggr-eglrtetltcl-l Ilto\es 1o a sctoncllrn zonc. titlrcl in tlrc srtnrc tlttun or li reLlte(l l()!,ttxrn.
'fhc
u h c r c u s p l i : r l t l r i n c l c r i s e c l c l e de n c l t l r r r l o u l c t h ( 1 1 ) u g l r l vl r l e r . t c l c t l . m i x t r . r f co l - I r r t r t s p l l r l t
Inrl thr nroislrrre relelsecl froln lhc lggrcgxtr prrclutes a iirartting lllrss thiLt tntps tttLtclt ol thc
f i n e r r L L t e l i a(l c l r r s t ) l r n r lc ( ) l L t st h c l r r r g c l p a f i i t l e s .
It is inrp()rtxnt thllt tlrr uggrrg:ltc in tl)e clrunr not onlv r()tiltr \ itlr thc rtr olving llt()ti()n ()1
t h ( ( l r u n r . l l r l a l s o s p r e a d o u t s u f l i t i e n t l l t ( ) l n l l k c l r e : L t i n gl L n c lr l r l i n g o f l i l l p l L t t i c l c sr l t i i c k l t r t c l
cfficirrrt. I)rurrr rnixels are ec1ui1:rpecl sith s;rccielll,clcsignecl llighrs to crciLle x \eil of rtgglc-
!l]tc xt xpllropriatr pilrls ()f the clrunr firr olrtlining maxirDurrr ch-rir.tg ltnrl nrininrLlnl exllrlLLst
grlscs.
A s p f l t l t b i n c l c r i s p L r n r p e r lf i o r r r t h c e s p h u l t s t r x e g c l a n k r n c i c n t e r s t h c I l i r i n g c l r L r t ne t t h e
xppr()priltc point in accorri;rncc u itlr tlre ciesign ol thc proccss. \\'ht:n the' rsphelt bincler is
eclclcclitrtO tltc (lnlln. it is yrLrrrpeclinI() tire l)()fi()nl Ol thc clninr xt xlx)Lrt thc s] rc l()cilti()n tllxt
PI-AN'I'oPT-R,\TI()-' -{
HotMir0ischarge
fllri lhlmllirt'r{(irtulr:s
liqrifc'r,i-l):tildlel ol \sis:l
HolMixDischarge
t h c n t i n c l r r l f i l l c l r r n < lo r l r r r g l r o t r s cI i r . r c su r t i n t r o ( l u ( r ( 1 . A c l c l i n gr s p i r r r l t l r i n c l t r r t n c i c l t t s ti t t r l o s c
( ) f t h t l j r . t e sl t n c l c t l l u ll l r e t t t b e l i r c t h e t l r r t :
l ) r ( ) \ i r l t r t \ : t l k . r l s t l r r u s p l r e l tt o t r a p l g r r r c l p ( ) f i i c l n
l t i c k c c l L r l t l N t h e l t i g l t r r l O c i t t e x l t r r u s tg a s s t r c a n r .T I r e e x h l t u s t g l s c s r L r ( 'l l a s s e c lt h r r ) r t g l l r Lc l t t s t
r O l l , . : r 1 i O snv s l c r r tr r l i t l t t n o L r g h ( ) f t h c | t n r l L i n i n g ( l L r s ti s t r x p p c l l l n c i r e t t t o r t t l t ( ) I t t ( ' ( { ( ] l t l l s f i l ( ) n
re(lLrirenlents.
()l tht
trli\ t( rr l)('rL ' : t ur ( ' i s n r o n i t o r e c lc ( ) n t i n u o r i s l vl } a s c n s i n g d c r i c c l t t t l r t c l i s c l t : t t g ce r l r l
r l r u l t n t i r t ' r ' . ' [ ' l l r l c r ] r l l c n r t L r r er e c o r c l e rl n c l c > t h t l i n t l i t r t t o l s . l r e l o c l L t t ( l i n t l r e t o t t t l o l h o L t s t ' .A
suirulrlc nrcrurs trn be provi<1erlfirr insl.rccting encl sanrpling llre I I\l-{ rtt tht tliscltergt cncl of
Ulc OrLrn.
'l'lte
Bufnef 0perationand C0ntrul ptrr;roseof tlre llrncr insi(lc thc rlnrnr rrrixel is to proviclt'
e s e c li n t h c l i n l r l n r i x l t n ' cT
t h ( , l r ( ' 1 rnt c ( e s s i l n t ( ) h e l l t l n c l r l r - r ' t h t l r g g r e g l r l u . l l e l l r t r n c rP r o \ i ( l c s
urnnroPrRArr()Ns
F
'l-he
tltis heat bl llrrning luel normrllv ()il, nrtrrntl gas. prop:lne. or coal. crrntrols for lhe l>urn-
er ltrc krceled in the crrntrol house.
\\'hcn oil is ltttrttccl. krrv prtssure air rlnrlis ere usecl t() llt()ntizc the firel oil fir lrurning.
llttlt.ters Ltsing nlttr-rra1glLs:tncl pnrpltne cln ire lixr-plessulc or high,prcssurc units. In aii c:rses.
tlrc fuel lc'ecl ltnd eir ltlorlcr rttust lrt bltlltr.tct'rito ensruc thlt tlre pr()pel prop()rti(nrs of fircl lncL
lil ltre lleir.tg intr()(lucecl into the' lrr.rrncl liir efllcicnt cornbustion. Latk of bahncc cen lead tc>
itrcotrtpletc lltrning of thc I'uel. u hich. espet iallv in the cusc ol- firel oil ()r diesel firel. crn lcuve
lln oill coetin! ()l) tlle llggregilte pllfiicles. Sriclr imblrllrr.rcc-sl)et\\r(:n tircl fi'ecl lncl airtlru clrn
lrt'torretted lrv cither clccrc:rsing the fuel leecl rate ()r it)crcusing lllr l)l()\\'cr or alrxfi lir.
D>Ditterent0esignsot DrunMixPlants
'l
Patallel Flow he originul tlrLrnr mir plunls s clc ol the pur:rlltl tlorr tt 1;e. ur.rtlfirr nlrnr'
Vcllrs tl)e\' \\'('rc rl)c tttititrstll\ of clrLtnt rtti-rcls. In tirc prillrllcl flos pltrnt. lllllrcgulc enlefs lltc
t l r t t r t l o n t l r c l r r t r n c l s i r l e l r n c ll k r l s i n r h c s l r n r t ' t l i r c c t i o n l s { p r r l r t l l t l k ) ) t h e l t ( ) l g l s t , s . A s p h l r l t
l t i t t c l e l i s i n t t o d L L c t c :l l l ) ( ) u t( ) r ) e t l r i r c l o f t h e d r t r n t l e n g t h l i r r n r t h t ' r l i s c l l r r g c e n c l , e s l L r t 'l r n \ .
e c l c l i t i o n a li l n e s ( r l u s t ) n e ( c s s i l r \ ' l i r r t h c n t i r .
'lhc
l)er(entrLgc o1 1;:rlallcl f)ou plants hes clecreasecl si.qnific:rnth in r(,(.orr \(:lrs. c\cn
l l l ( ) t l g h t l l l L n v x r t s t i l l i n ( ' x i s t c n c e l n c l s o m e n e \ \ ' ( ) n ( , s l r r c b e i n g p r o c l t r c c c l .I h c ' p : r r e 1 i r , 1 flou
pr()ccss is sh()\\'n ilt FigLIc -t +;
Countel Fl0w In tlle ( ()untcr flou clnrnr nri\ pllrnt. lllgrcgrte entrrs thc cLrLrntthr'orreh thc
c n d o p p o s i t c t l t e b t t r n c l u n c l f l o u s i n t h c o y r p o s i t c( l i r e ( 1 i ( ) no 1 t l t c e x l r e L r s gt e s c s . ' l h c l ) u r r r s r r r
c x t e n t l e c l : l l ) r l P P r ( t l p r i a t (cl i s l i l n c e i n l o l l r c t l f t r n r s ( ) t h i r l l i r c b u l n t t l l : r n r e i s i n l r o c l t r c c c l t e t O r . r c l
t l l e P ( ) i l l t s l l e r e l l t t ' l t i r t t l e l i s i n j t c t e r l ; r n r l n r i x i n g o l r L g g r c , q l t t:(u . r crl t s p l r : t l lt : r k c p l l r c c . F i g u r e
L l i J i l l t l s t r l r t e st l i t c ( ) L t n l ( ' rt l o u c l n r n r r n i x i r . r gp r o c t , s s u i t l t t l r e n t i x i n e y t c r t o n l c a l O i n l l l r s ; l l t ( ,
c l r L t t t ul l t e t e t h e c h r i n g i s l t c c o n t p l i s h c t l .l - l l c ( ( ) L l n t e rl l o s c l n i n u l t r o c c : s i s l r l s o u s e c l i n o l l t t r '
\ l L r i l t t i ( ) nos 1 - c l t L r nnt I x p l : t n t s .
Coater Units A c(xltcr" rtnit cun be uclclerlto tlre clisthrrrgc cnd of u prLrullcl tlos or counl(,r
llon clnttn rttixct. llte llggregetc is heatctl ancl clriecl in thr cllunr enrl trlrnsfi'rrr-,clt() tlle c()ater
l o l r t t i , r i n gu i t l r l r s p h l t l t l r i n r l ' r . ' l h e e s p h a l t c l r n l r e i n j e c t c t l l t t l r ( , c \ l r r n t r t n t l o f t h c c l l e r o r
'l
i n t ( ) l l l t c o l l t c r . l t t ' r t r i v l t r t t a g co f t h c c o u t e r i s t h l l t i t t l l k e s l l t ( n t i \ i r . t g l t r ( ) ( e s s( ) u t ( ) t t l t e
l)iltll ()l
t h ( ' h ( ) t t \ h i l L r s t g l t s c s . I t e l s o x \ 1 ) i c l sp ( ) t c n t i r l s t t a n r t l i s t i l l l r t j o no f t h c r r s p h r r l tl r i n c l c r . ' l h c c r i l r t e r
( i l r l l ) c ( i t l t t r l t s i r t g l c o l c k r L r b l cs i r e t l
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r l l i x i l . t gt h t t r l t l l c r .r r l t e r e t h c r g g r ' t q i r r (r t r t cel s p h l r l tb i n c l c le r r n r i x e t ll r l t c l t l t c u g g r c g : r t ci s ( l r i e ( l
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g l r t t i s c l r i e cllt n c lh e a L e ci n l t l r c f i r s t l r n r l l r x r g c s tz o n c . l n t h c s c c o n c zl r > n c( u h r r c t h , : l l r r n c l r . '
l ( ) ( i l t e a l ) r l ) r ; l g g r e g l l tf rl o , , r ' sp l r r t l . 'i n t h c i n n e l t l r r - u l( u n c l c rt h c I l l n r c t l r n r l p l r r t l r i n t h e c h l r n r
b c l l i x r t r e c l ) \ t l l e ( ) u l t r r l n r n r : r r o u n ctli r e f l l r n r e .I t g c t s l r c i c l i t i o n l r lr l l t i n g l l s i t n r o r c s p l r s tt h t
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l l l ( ' I i . \ l ) ( l ( t ( l t t i r l c \ t l l ( ' i n l ( ' n s i t \ ( ) 1l l r ( ' 5 l r i r r . I I r L ' r 1 L r r r I oi tlr l l r t ' r t ' s i r l l i n gl t i r r ' l r - ' trlt i r i l t ' P c n r l s
o r t t l t c t l t l t l i t r o l : t l l t l r c r r t l t ' r ' i r t l sr r s c c l{ i n r l L r t l r n gl i . \ 1 ' ] ) .t l r t ' I ) r ( ) l ) ( ) r 1 i ( ) nuss t ' c l r r n r l l l r c n r c t l r o t l
i l r s l t i , : l t t l t c r r L l e, . o r r r l r i r trcl I i i g L r l e+ . 5 J s l r o s s I l . \ l ) l x ' i n g i n t n r r l t r r r ' c li n l ( ) r l ( l r L l l l tl l t i \ l ) l l t n t .
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s l r ( ' 1 l Dtlf ( ) l I \ \ l t c r e l l l ( ' l L f g f ( ' g i l t r '( l l f c l s ( F i g u r t t . + i l ) .
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l ( ) l l ( ' i l 1t h ( l l A I ) .
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t l l ( l ( ) l ) ( ) f l l l ( ' ( ) L l l t r r l r r r n r ( F i s l r l e t . 5 l ) . I t A I ' i s n t i x c c l r , , i t l i r r r , - l r n. t . l , t l ( : t - r r r- r \ r r r \ ( - r l r r - r l l t l s l
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+ . 5 1 ) .T I r t ' I l A l ) t n f t ' r s i l l t l t c c n ( l O f l l t ( n t i x c r l t l l ) ( ) u t t ] r t s r r r r c l ) ( ) i n l t l l x l 1 l l ( ,l l r r l c ( l r r g g r ( , g 1 1 ( '
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r r - rt l r t ' I l r r r r l l i n g l n ( l p l l l c t l u r n t o f I I \ 1 . 4 . l h c r e l l L t i o n s l t i ; ot f r r n t c r i : r l s p r . o p e t .
t i c s e n c l t h c i r b c l t l t r i o l i n t l r c p l l r c c r r r e n t( ) p c l i l l i ( ) l t t l L l s t l ) e t l l ( ) r ( ) L t g l t l ru n c l c r
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tlrrrls ol clullitr tonslnrctkrn.
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s t r t r . t cl llr t p f ( ) j ( ' ( t s p c c i l l c l t i o r r s l n r l t l t c s c ( ) p e r i l t l t e \ o I k . , \ g t , r r c \ 'l n r l r ' o r r
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()pcnlti()ns lrr.rcltlre proptr rrse ol tltc pilviltg t(luil)llrnt. I
l l e t r t t t s c c O r t t r t t r r nlil(l i () n i s c s s c n t i l l l l i r l s r r r t t ' : s l L r lJ ] l l \ ' i l t . qL , l ) {t . t I i , , n \ - l
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c ( ) n t l l c t o r . t h e x g r n ( \ r c J ) r c s c n t l l i \ c t r r t r lr i t l t e r s c l i r e c t l r i n r O l i e r l \ i t l r t l t t :
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.
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. P u \ i n g p l l n r y r r o c l u c t i o rl.lrl t . l l r L r l t l i s t l r n c e ,n L l l l l ) c r o l t l u c k s . r r r n l i n r r i n
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tinrc to establish reJationships uith tven'onr: inr'<>lveclin tlle pr()ject s() thllt c()nlusi()n ancl fric
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t i o n . T l p i c : t l r t r c r t t l r e l so f l l r i s t e e r n e r e : p a | i n g s u p e r i n t c n c l c n t .p l l \ c r ( ) p c r u t ( ) r .t l L t n r p P t ' l s o r t .
screecl person. uncl a corrple of pcoplc to lutc lnrl takc <are of joints encl rnllt rcl)xirs. Th('
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t h c t r u c k l t n c l a s s i s t si n c l u r r r p i n gt l r e r r r e l c l i a l i n t o t h e p l t r c r l t c 4 r p c r . - l h i s p c t s o r t I t t ; t v e l s < r
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s ( ) c ( ) n l l ) i l c t i ( ) nr \ ' i l l b c O l r t l r i r r l b l c .( l r r r c l i n l r t i o r ro f l l r e e n t i r e c r e r r \ i l l r 1 l l c l ) r \ e r o p e r l t t o r i s
csscntilrl t() lrclric\ c lrll thc tLcsi|ccl golrls.
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r u l c c o n r p l i c c l s i t h c l u r i n g t h c l ) i r \ i n g ( ) p c n l t i o n . H i s r c s p o n s i b i l i t i c s i n r ' l r r c l ct l r e l i r l k r r r i l t g :
E n s r r r ct h l r t c l r c h k > l r c (l t n r i l i i s s r t i s l . l ( t ( ) r \ . t l l l r t c l x t e f r c t t l rt h t t n r r k l i t l i e ( s i s l c c o r c l e c l
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nrxt clufing pllLcing. colrcctir)ns illt to bc macli.:lrefirrc the rrrix c rxrls.
Sec th.lt rrttcr.ltiolris giVt'rr to tlr.'trrilssLrch rrs Pr'opel thickness ol thc sprelttl. proptr sc('
t i ( ) n . j ( ) i n t s .s u r l u c e t e - x t u r r l n t l l r n i f i r r n r i t r ' .
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r r r r r u i .r r n t l t h e ( ) t i r c r i s r r l r o l i z o r . r l e fl i r l c e -l i r n r e r c l . F ' o r c o n r p l r c t i o r io f l L n r i x l u r c . l l l e ( l e s i n l t ) l (
u 1 ( ) \ c r l i e n lo l l r l l a g g l c g e t c p u f l i ( l c s i s \ e r l i ( u l l v r l o s n l r l t t l . I - i t t l t . i l l t n r . r l t ' n s i t i il L t i o t t( ) ( 1u r s r l s
r L r r s u l t o l t l r c l r o | i z o n l e l n r ( ) \ ' e m e n lu i t h i n t l r t n r i \ t L r r e I I ( ) r i r ( ) n t l l r n o \ ' c r r r t n l o f t l r c r r i x l r r r e
c l l t : l c t L l l t l l \ I | s r r l t i n r r t c c l l r c t i o n O l c l e n s i t t ' .[ ] x c e s s i r c ] r ( ) r i z ( ) n t l l[ r o \ ' ( ' n r ( ' n l c 1 l n c e r r s c h t i r ] i n t
r l a t k s t o l r p p r : e l i n t h e s r r r l l r c co f t h c n l r t . l ) i l l e r c n t i l l c o o l i n g l l r r o r r g l r o l r tt l r c l i l i c r r r tr n l t k c t h i s
l t l r i l r l e n r l o r s e . r ' l r r r s i n rsl l l L l i s o t i t ' n t l t l l t : c l h t ; r t c l t e c k i r - t g
'l'hclc
l t r e o t h c r r - c l r s o n sl i r r t l t e c l l i r e u l r t c l t o t r : l v e l ( n t h ( n r i \ t u r c l r h t ' ; t c o l f lll('1illt-
u h c e l . p r t r t i c L r l r t l l r l r r l i r r g t h c l r r i : : r k t l o r n p l r s s o f t l r e r o l l c r . S i r . t c ct h c d r i v c r l h c t l l l t s t l t e
'l'hcr(iirre.
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l o r t t l r r r t t t l r t ' l l r e t ' l i s r n i r r i n r i z i r 1 I. l t r ' ; r r r s t ' t h c c l r i v e u l t c t - l l r e s l t l r r g t l c l i l t n r t t c r - t h r t nt l r c t i l l , : l '
r r l r t c l . i t c i o t s n r i t s i n k l L sr l c c l r i n t ( ) t h c m i x t r r r c . f h i s l r l s o r t c l u c t s l l r c l r ( ) r i 7 ( ) n t i L( (l ) r r l ) ( ) n c n t ( ) i
foltt i n r p r u l e c ll x t l r e r r h e c l . l h c c l r i r c s h c c l i s t h c h c i l \ i r s t s l r c t ' l l n t l i s c o n s i r l t ' r t ' c l ( ) l ) c t h c
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1ilst.
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s t e c l ) g r : r ( l c s .t h c t i l l c l u h e t ' l r t r ; r vn e e c i l o l r t k c p l i n f r r r n t . f t r l l o u i n g l l r e c l i r t r t i o n o l l . l : t r i n g .
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tlre ltt'rnit'r'tllirt: uhccl (\)ntil(ts thc nrixtrlrc.'lhis lcslrlts in lr lcrlrrtrrl ttnrlt:ntr tirl llrt'rrrxr.uc
t o n l o \ e c l o r rn l r i l l .
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l c i g i t t o l t l t c r ' o l l e ri s l l l l r s n r i T t r ( lt o t h ( ' r r i \ t u f c l l r f ( ) u g l r t l r r ( ( ) n l : r ( l p l c s s L l r t t l r l l i 5
'l'ltcrclilr-c.
t ' x t t t r . ' , : rl t r r r l c l t h c t l r L r r t t s . t l l c c ( x t t a c t p f e s s L l r cr u t c l e rt i t t c l l t r r n ss h o l r l r l n o t t r i c r ' c l
t l i r s u l ) l ) o f t i n g c r r p l r l r l l i t ro l t h c n r i x t r r l e b c i n i t r o r n l ; l r c t c c l .l s L r r r l l t . l r c l r v i c rr o l l e r s c l r n l ) c u s c ( l
o n l r t l s h e r . r l r ( ) r cs t l l l ) 1 cn l i \ l L l r r s . l ) r L r l i ( u l i l f l vt i r l l r r c a k d o l r t p a s s t s S o r l c r r h l t l i g l r t ( r r ( ) l l ( r ' s
lntt bc ltcccsslrV on lcss stlll)lr nti\lur(,s.
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I t t s c s r l a l l l r L t n r p sn o l r n l t l l r t r t ' o f n o s i g n i l i c x l r c c l r n c l u i l l b e r o l l c c l o u l l r l s L r l r s r c l L r c nptl r s s t ' s .
l l t ' c l L t c i n gl l r t ' l i t t ' i r t t ' s s r r r c r r , i l l r c r l r r c c r h i s l : r t t l r r l ( l i s l ) l i l c c n l r n t ., \ c l c l i t i o n a lp r L s s t , s l r o L r l t lt ' l i l t i
n . r l t s u c l r l r u n r p s l t s $ e l l r i s l L n Yt i r c n n l k s ( r ' u t s ) i n t l l r r D a l s r r | l : r r e .T h c s r r r - f t r cnt l l l \ ' s t i l l 1 ( x ) k
i r | t ' g r t l l t tl ) I L tt h i 5 l l l ) l ) c : r f x n ( c i s l n ( ) s t ] \ ( ' o s n ) e t i ( .I l e r : r r r s t ,l l r t , t i r ( , s n l L r s tb c l r l l o r r e c lk ) I t c l l t L l l )
t . e r o i t l r r i x t t t r c s t i c k i n g l ( ) I h c ' n r< 1 r l f i n gl [ c l k t l o N n r L n ( li n l r n r e c l i u t c r o l l i n g . \ ' l r t c r i s t v p i c l r l h
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p c r i ( x L .l ) u t ( ) n c ( ' t h c v i l r ( ' h ( ) t . t h i s w i l l t c e s t ' . S k i | t s p l l t c c c l: t l o t r n t l t h t t i f e s \ \ i l l s l t o l t c n l l t e
\ \ ' i r r r u p p e l i o c l e n c l l r e l p k t e p t l r c t i r t s l r o t . p i i r t i ( L r l r t r l vi n c < x r l o t \ \ ' i n ( i \ \ \ t x 1 l ) c r . A s \ \ i t l t
s l r t ' l l l r t c l c c l r o l ] e l s . l l r e c l r i r e u h c c l s o l t h c 1 ; : r e r r n l r t i ct i r e c l r o l l c l s l r o u l c l b c t ( ) \ \ l l r a lt h c p i t \ t r ' .
l)csi[able l)r]culllatic-tirc(l 11rlierrc<1ui|rrncmtstin l)fc:rk(l()\\n rrr.tclinrernrcclilttc c()nrplt(ti()n itre:
. , \ l c i g l r r p c r r r h c c l ( ) 1 1 3 6 0 l ( ) 1 5 9 0 l i g ( 3 0 0 { )t o 3 5 0 0 l b s . ) .
. 5 1 0 n r n r ( 2 1 )i n . ) n t i r . t i r . n u nurh e e l ( l i l n ) c t c r .
. T i r e i n l l r l i ( ) n l ) r e s s l r r eo f - i i l J t o 5 1 1 k P e ( 7 0 t o 7 i p s i ) $ h c n c o l t l . : r n r l 6 2 0 k l ) r r ( 9 0 p s i )
\\ ll(]lt n()L
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hcse lccorrrmcnrlcd tirc pressures llr( :lppli(xl)lc firl rttost nli\tLLrcs bLtl r.ltn lrt rc'tlttcecl tl
n(ccssllr\ tirl nrixturcslith lorl stlrbilin.
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e n l L n i r s l ) l l a l t1 ) l \ e r n e n t s L l r l l l c ex l i e r n ( ) r n l l l l ) r \ i n g ( ) p c r e t i ( ) n sl t e v c b e e n c o n r p l c t c ( l . l h c
rrlling clr-r lx pcrlirrnrcrl ris nlLrch.ls t\\() \\ccks atier the pilvcnrent llts lrtclt ;rlltct'rl. ptoriclerl
th( \\crtbcr is wlrrnr lrntl thc plVcnrent surf:l(c terrpe[ltrrrc is xt lcxst ]8'C (100 I'). TIrc lirtclttl
i n . q o p c l l t i ( ) n c r n r c ( [ l c e p x v c m r n t p c r n r e l r l ) i ] i t ] l i n c l c l t n i n c r e . r s t p . l \ L n r ( ' l r l r r \ r \ l - r t ! c t r) s c t L l l -
ing or alrtrsion ll tullic.
l ) n e L l n l l t t i-(I i r r ( l r o l l e r s l r r e r r l s o i r l e l r l f i r r c o r f t c l i n g l r e a t c l r e c k i r t g i r ' ]t h e r r l r t s u r f i l ( ( ' . I I c r L t
c h c t l i i n g i s t h c l r p p c l r n i r r c co l s h o r t . 5 0 t ( ) l 1 l ( f r r r ( 2 l o + i n . ) k r n g . c l i s c o n n e c t c ( l l L i l l i n e ( r e c k s
rllitr (mc ()r nr()rc pllsses ()l the stlltic stccl-\\ hrclc(l follel.
\ \ ' h c n l r l n c r u r l l t i c t i r c ( l r ( ) l l c r i s L r s r c l i r r k n t e c l i n g : r l i r . r i s h c c:lr s p h a l l s u r i i r ( c . l l r c r l c s i r - r t l r l c
fc(lLrifrlllrnts llfc:
A 6 f i 0 k g ( 1 5 0 0 - l l ) .l r l i n i n r L r nur e i g h t p e r r v l r e e l
A .31J0 rrnr ( l5 in. ) rininrrrnrrr hccl clilrnrcter'.
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i r t r n l l u t i o np r c s s u l co f 3 r 5 t ( ) r l i k l ' : r ( i 0 ( ( ) ( ) o l ) s i ) .
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l r t l r l r i l i t r ' o f p n e r r n r a t i t t i r r : r l r o l l e r s t o p r o v i c l c l r i i g h t c l . r n ( ) r c t r i l i f l (- r c s i s l l r . l ts L r r f l l c tl l l u r
stt'cl ulrr't'ltcl rollt'rs slLs ltrrrgnizt'tl verrs:rg() lhcn thrt lcrc filsi errp]()\r(l lirr rhc intetrr<.'
r l i r r t c I O l l i n g ( ) l l l I l A l ) l l V c m c n t s .S u l ) s e c l u e n t c s t i n g i n ( l i c x l e s t h l r t p n c r L l r i r l i ( l i t t ' c l r o l l t l s $ t l l
lchicre lrlrout th( sllnrc Jx\cllrcnt (lcnsit) lls stccl *hcelecl rollcrs.
I n I I \ 1 , \ ( ) \ ' e r L l l \c ( ) n s t r L l c t i ( ) nt h . c f i r s t ( l e v c l i n g ) t o u l s c i s r c n o l t c n p l r L c c t lo n u n i r l e g u l l t r
sLrrllrcc'thrrt hls lrt't'r'r nltt('(l ()r rllsfigurccl lrv tllLffic. Thc' lrbilitt ol tirc pneurrelic tirtcl lolltl to
: r p p l v L r n i l i r n r p r c s s u r c ( ) \ c r i t s e n t i r e l i c l t l r r n e k c s i t r l c s i n r b l e k r b c t t s e c ll i r t l t i s c o r - t t s c
l r t ' r ' r t r r s ci t u i l l e p p l r ' ( r ) n r l l l ( t i l c e f f i r f i r r h c l e i t i s n c e c l r c l m o s t i n l l r c r l l r t e l t l l t c k s . ' l h t l r r i t l g -
ing lrction of stccl sh,:clccl r-ollcrs nrrrv prcvent tlrcrn Iront being lts cffcctir t' ilr sirllilxr sittlx-
t i (x t s .
Vibntoty Bollerc \ ilrleton lolltrs proliclt (()r1rl)acti\( lirrcc lx r tornl:linatior.t ol ueight rnrl
r i l r r e l i o r r o f t l r c i l s t e c l ( ( ) n l p i l ( t i ( ) n c l r u n r s .T h o s c u s c c l f i r r c ( ) n r p l r c l i ( ) no i H \ l A l t r e s e l f y r r ' o p t l l c t l
l n c l V l r r t i n w c i g h t f t - ( ) n r6 t ( ) l 5 n r e t r i c t ( ) n s ( r t ( ) 1 l 1 ( ) n s ) . ' l ' l t e r cl r r i : t \ r r l r t s i c l l r r t c l e l st:l t , - : i t t -
g l c r l r u n r u n i t s ( F i g r r r e ( r . 1 0 ) .l n c l t h r r l o u b l c r L u n r ( t r n c l e n r ) u n i t s ( F i g r r r c 6 . I l ) .
Flitlrcr-steel ()r l)neunr:ltic-tirccl rrhccls cln 1>flrvitlc proprrlsion firt. single (lftur Vil)ftlt()r1
'I'hc
rrroclcls. lJotlr clrlnrrs usr.rrrllr'proricle propulsion fix tfrc clorrl:lleclnrrrr rttorlcls. clntnts ort
rilrnrtol.t lo]lcrs rert l-rorr 0.9 t() 1.5 nretcrs ( J to 5 it ) in tliurr<lcl rrncl1.1 to 2.+ lnettrs (-i t() l]
'fhcir
ii. ) irr u iclth. s t a t i c n e i g h t i n t e r n r s o f c l n r n r u i t l t h i s g c n c n L l l r 'f r o n r 2 . 9 t o - 1 . 2k i l < > g n r : r s
p c | n r i l l i r r r c t c r(' 1 6 0 t ( ) 1 8 0 l l ) . l ) c r i n . ) .
F ,,,,,,,,r,r,,,.
T l t e t n g i r t c ' p x x i r l i n . q ; r o r r c l l i r r ' p r - o l r u l s i o nl r l s ( )p o \ \ ' r r s t l r e I r l c l n L u l i t t r l l vc l r i v c n r i l r r : t t r n r . t
r u r t i t .\ ' i l r l i L t i t i t t sl r f c g c n e r l l t c d l r r r L r o t ; r l i n g c c c c n t r i ( \ c i g l r t i n s i t l c t h c c l r L r n rl.l r t s p c e c l o l
'llrt,
\ l r i t l r t l c t c J . n r i n c st h c l l ' e ( l u e n ( \ ' ( ) r ' \ ' i l ) f l t i ( ) n s p c r n r i n L l t c( \ l ) n l ) . ( ) 1l l r c c l r L r n r . \tiglrt enrl
c l i s l l t t t t cf t o u r t h c s h l l i O l t l t e e c c t : n t I i c ( l c t e n l l i n ( s t h c l t r n P l l t l r c l c(. ) r i r n r ( ) U n lo l - r u 0 r ' t , r r r n l . o l '
t l i c i n r p i l ( J f i ) r c ( ' t h i l t i s g c n c f i l t c - c ll.l o t l r t l r t f r e r l , . r c n c rl r n r l r r n r p l i t i r t l ro l t l r c r i l r l u t i o n s i l r r - ( ( ) f r -
t r o l l c c l i n d c p e n c i c n t l v o f r o l l c r t m r e l e n c l t , n g i r r cs l r t ' r ' t l
'lltc
v i l t n t t i o n f i e c l i t c n c t o f r o l l c l s u s c c l i i r l t l \ 1 . \ ( r ) n r l ) i l ( t i ( ) l ti \ g ( ' n ( l r l l \ l r r . t u c e n 2 ( X X )1 l n ( l
3000 \ i l ) n l t i ( ) n s p c r m i n u t c . ( i c l ) c n ( l i n g o n t l t ( ' l l l ( ) ( l ( ' l r n , : l n r . u r u l r r c l l r l e rS' .o n t e r n o c l c l s; ; ro r i c l c
o n l t o n e t r l * r r s p c c i f i c l r c r l u r r r r r s c l 1 i n . g \ \. \ h i l c o t h c r : n i r L r p r o r i c l e l r t i r l l r l n c c o t l r . e < 1 r - r c n -
c i c s \ \ i t l l i n c e l t u i n l i n r i t s . s u c l l l s 2 l ( ) o l ( ) l S { 1 0\ l ) l l l
\ i l ) f l t o f \ r ' o l l c r sa c l r i c y c 'r ' o n t l l l r c t i < t nt l t r ' o L r u hl r t o n t l r i n e t i o n < t f t l t r c c f l r c t < t r s :
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P t t c L l l t t i t tti i(r c t l r o l l e r s .T l t c i n r p l t c tf i ) r c c sl t r c t h o s c g c n c l i l t c dl r t r i l r r : r t i o r (r ) f l l r r c ( ) n t p l r ( 1 r ( r n
c l t u t nl n t l l t r c r t g r t l l L t c cl )l r i r r n t r o l l i n { t h ( ' l r c a l u ( n c vl n c Ll r n r p l i t u c l oc f t l r e r i l r r a t i o n . ' l - l r ei r r r p e t t
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c f l i e s o f t l t c l t l i - \ t u l t . t l t t : t h i c k n c s s o f t l r r n l r t r L n dt h c s L r l t l t o t tp r o r i c l e c l l t r t l r c s u l t u c c . l t u i l l
t l s o r t n \ \ ' i t h t h c t l l L u t t c l i e n r t t c l l t n c l s i < l t l r r r n r l t h t ' r ' o l l , . ' r ' ss t l t i c \ \ c i g l r t l r n c l t l t n e r r r i c ( i u t p a ( l )
fi xcc.
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\ i l ) [ i t i ( n ] r c s p ( ) n s ( i n l l r e n r i \ t L r r c i l l r t r ( , : l ( l r ( ) nt o l l r t , f i [ r ' c s t \ r l . t e ( l u p ( x t i t . A s \ i t ] r
( ) l l t t l t \ l ) c s o l r o l l t - r s .t h t r ] r i \ l L r r r s i l l c o : l p r r , . l t : L : i l r o r \ \ i l l r ( l i l l i ( u l l l c l e p e n c l l n go l t i t s t c r n l ) e r -
a l t t l t . c o h c s i o n . p l | l i c l c s l i e p t l L n ( it e \ t L l r c . ( ( ) n i i l r ( ' n r ( ' n lr L n r lo t l r c l l r c t o l s . ' l - h c t h i n g t h r r t i s c l i l -
f r - ' r ' u t $ h c n r i l r r a t o n r O i l t I s r t r t , u \ ( ( l i 5 t l l i l l f r l ) c l i l r \ c r l I n l t r r r i cl i r r c e s r t r c b c i n g e r e r t c t l o n t l t e
nri\tLrfc.
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t t s t ' l t \ i l ) n l t ( ) f v l o l l c r t ' l l r c t i i c l r , i t i s n ( ' c ( s s i u ' \ 1 o l l l n t s o r r r el r n t l t r s t e n r l i n g o f t h c n t < t v e ,
n l t t l t s u l t i c l t i n f l r t c t t c c l l t t c o n r l l t c t i o r t l i r l c c s . t l l L t i s . f r c c l u t n c t l n c l r r n r p l i t r - r col cl t h c r i b r . r t r , n : .
Frequency - Ibllel clnrnr vil)r':tti()nslrre Jrrociucecll)\' ()ft ccntcr uciglrts. c:rllecl c((L-lttn(s.
on :t sl.linning shlrft.
1'ltt sltcctl ol tlre shlti scts tllc llcclLiencr'(tht ntrnbcr ol vibmtions or clolnrrlrrcl inrplrcts
p e f r ni n u t c ) .
r l c t t l t s p c r n r i n r r t c - a s i r . r g l cc v c l e i ) L - i n go t r c f r r l l t r l n
I r r c t l t t t ' t t c t i s c l c l l n e c le s t h c n L r r l r l ) e o
o l t l t c e t c t ' n t r i c . ' l h c c c c c n t r i t i s a n o l l - c c r . r t c [\ e i g l r t f ; r s t e n e ctl ( ) l L s h : i f t . l t i c a l l r i n s i c l c l l t e
t l l u t t t . A s t l r e s l r l r f l s 1 l r . t st.l t t : e c c r n t r i c c r c i l t e s i l n o L r l u u r r l f i r l c c . ' l h c h c : r r i c r t l t c c ( ( c n t f i ( 1 l l c
grerll('r iltc tixcc ltroclucerl.'lhc flrrthel it is irrrr tht shlrfi th( gfc:lter tire lirlce proclrrcecl..\ncl
tllc lilslrI it spins. the erc;Ltcr thc 1i)Ice proclucecl.
.'\s thc rollcr rttores altelrcl. its \il)rriing rlrLrrrrproclLrccs1l r.t1)i(lse(lLlcr-tceof intptrcts on tltr
s r t r l a c c . ' l h e s c i l t l l ) l l c t sx r c c ( l L l l r lk ) t l r t ' f l e c l t r c n c t . o f v i b l a t i o n F o r l t r . l g i r e n r r i l l e l s l t c c c l .t h t '
h i g h c r t l t c -f i e t l L i e n c r u s c t l . t l r c , . l o s c r t h c i r r r p r r c sl p r r c i r r gl i l l b c l n c l t h c s n r < x r t l r e tl l r e s u l i l c c
r r i l l l r c . T l r r l l l l tn u t l l c trr r e r ' s l r r h i c c o r r l r e c I r c n r . t s l r o u l c ]l : l c u s c c i f i r r r l t c l t r o l l c r .
Amplitude -'l'ltc r'ollo tlrLtut utores up rrncl ,:krun ls it \il)nltes (Fi{ttrre (r.ll ). \\'ht,n it
c l l r t n g e s( l i r ( ' ( t i ( ) l ti r ] i 1 s L l p l n c l - r l o t r r t n ) ( ) \ ' e n r r n l . i t i s n r o D r ( n t l l r i l \ l l t r c s t . j L r s ll s t l r e r o l l c I i t s c l f
is 111 r c 5 l \ \ l l c n i t ( h l l n g e s t l i r c t t i ( ) l r . A r n P l i t u c l e .t l r e n . i s t l r e g r e l l t r s t n l ( ) \ ' c l l l r n t i n ( ) n e c l i r e , . t i r . , r r
oi lt ViltIlttir.tg r ' o l l t t c l r l r r t tl r x r r u P o s i t i o n 1 ] tr c s t . l ' h c $ e i s l r t t r n t l r l i s t l r D c (o f t h c c c c e r . r t r i cl t r r r r i
t l r c s l l t l i l r n c l t l r e l e i g h t o l t l r r l o l l r l t l r r r n r c o n t n r l t l l r j r r l ) i r ( 1 t i r r c c . f l r l l n v g i \ c r ' l c l l t u r ru t , i g l t t .
tllc hclt\icr llle e((clltric is.:tncl tlrt tlrrlhcr rrurn il is fronr tlrc sllrlf. tltc ltiglttr tlre erriltlilucle
u i l l l t c . ( ) n l t t ( ) s tl t e l t \ \ l i l n ( l ( ' n r \ i b l t l o n l o l l c t s t l i r r r n t p l i t r r r i cr r r n l r t , r r r l i t t l l ) \ ' 1 l t ( , ( ) l t ( , r i t t ( ) tro
s r t i t p a r i n g t o t t c l i t i o r t s .I r o t t l t c l t r r l l e r ' , t l r t n t l r r l L r l l t t u r e r : a c l r i r e o r r ; r n r p l i l L r c l t , s l r o r r l lrr-tl r r s t r l .
'lir
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l t n r l r r t l l e l s p c e c l s l r o r t l c l r t r r l L l c h c c ls ( ) t h x l l l r t ' r e r r i l l l r e ; r r l t ' e s t i e n r l o u n u r r c l i r r p a r l s o f l l r e
\ i l ) n t t i ( ) r t l t t r t i x r t o f t m r e l o f t h c l o l l c r . ' l h t ' r c l r l i o n s l r i p l r r t s t c r r s p o c ( l x n ( l l r e c l L r c n c vi s i l l L r s
trxte(l in l'iultrc (r. I.J. As tllc spcctl ol the rollt:r int rerrscs firr lr gircn lictluencl of r ilrratii>r-r.thc
s l l a c i r t g o f t h t i r t t l ) l l ( l sg t - o N s l l r r t h c r ' l r l ) x r t .I n u s p l L r l l n r i x t r r r c s .i t i s g c n e r e l l V e g l t c t l t h l r t t h c
tttost clcsirelrltn ' r ( { h ( ) ( l i s t ( ) u s r l l r r n l t \ i n l L l n l I . a l e ' cf lr r < 1 L r t : n r$' 1i t h t h c s l r c c c io f t l r e r o l l e r
r L ( l i L l s t ( 't( l) p l r l i c l e t i t r - ', : l c s L r e ci llr p e c t s l l t c i n g .
I : i g r t t t ' ( r .l i i l l u s t r x l ( ' sf i r t r r c l i l l c r c n t r n o c l e so l u s i n g x \ i l ) [ l t ( ) r Y r ' o l l c I e r l r r i l t l t c c lr r i 1 j t t \ . ,
r i l l r : t t i l - t gr i n t n t s . ' l l t c l l r s l n r o c l t s h o u s t h c l o l l c l l r t ' i n g u s c ( l \ \ i t h ( ) L r tr i l x l t i o n . I t l L c t sl l s l l 5 t . 1 t t L
s t c c l u l r c t l t t l t l t r t t i t r t t r o l l t ' t . ' l h i s i s l l r e r l o c l t r r t i l l z c c ls h e n u s i r . r gr r i l r r a l o n n r l l c r f i r r ' l i n i s l t
l o l l i r t u . ' l l t t s c c o r t c ln r o r l t s l r o l s t l r c l r s t o t \ i l ) n 1 i ( ) 1 r( ) n t l l c t f t r i l i n g < l n r n r u i t h t i t c l c e c l i n g r l r u r n
i l t l l t t \ t l l t i c t t l r t l c . T l t i s t t r r t l c r t l t r l r t c l e s i l l r l r l co n r l r i \ t u r c s l l l i r l l l l L \ t l o r r t l s t l L b i l i t .r ' l ' l t e t l r i l c l
I t t ( ) t l c i l l L t s t r r t l c lsl r t r t s e i t 1 r i l r | r r l i o r rN i t h b ( ) t h c l r t r n r s .r | l r i t l r i s r r s c c lO n l r s t l r l t l c r D i x t r r | t :i r r
r l l c l t ' tt r l l t c l t i c r t l l r ( ' ! r i r r i l L n ( ( ) r r l ) l l c l i V t n c l g r ' . - f l r t f i r L r | t h O t l t , i l l L r s t l l t t C V isl r | a t i O n< t n ] r ' < t r r
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t r o t l c o f ( ) p o n r t i ( ) ns i r o l r l c ll t t l i l o r t ' i l l o t l r t ' r n i x l r r l r ' : r n r l t l r c c o n r l i t i o n s o f t l t i : p r o j t : r ' t .
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e c i . r i n t l o l l i n g l l r t l u l p l i t u r l c p c r n r i t s t h c ( ) p c n L t ( ) rt ( ) r l r r r t l r r r i l r l l l o r - r l i r r c c . r r r . r rtlh c r c l i r r e . t o
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n r () ( l i f i c l t i () n i n t h e n l i x t u r e l r e i n l : ; r l l < c c l . f i > r ' c x u n r p l t . e c l r l n g e i n l l r r l a | r : r ' l l r i ( l i n c s s . n l r \ t L t t r
t c n r l ) e l i l t u r c .n t i x t t t r e g l i t c l r t t i o n .l - i l e | r r r n ( e n t o r r r s p l L L l (t ( ) n l c l r l n I r \ r ' r c l r r i I er r t l j L r s l n r c ni n l lrrtlt
t h t l r n t p l i t r t t l t l n c l 1 r ' e c l u c n c tl r c i r r i : r r s e c l .l t i s i l l p ( ) n l n ( l l l l L t t l l c r o l l c r s l r o r r l r ll r c v i l r l u t i n g o n l v
rrlren it is ln()\ing. Il villelion (()lrtinucsuhilc thc lollt'r is stunrlins still or chlurging rlirt'ctrrr.
c r r l r r i l r r : t t i n g c l l u r u r V i l l l e l r V c l r n i n c l c n t l r t i i i : ri t ) t h c I ) l l V r n l c n t l l t t h e s k ) p l ) i n g p ( ) i n t . \ l ( ) s t n r ( x l
t ' r ' n | o l l t ' r ' sl t t \ ( ' : I l l ( ) r r l r l i ( \ ' i l ] r i t t i ( ) l tc L r t - ( ) l (l l e \ i c c s t l l i l t l l c t L l i l t cu l t e r t t l t t t o l l c l s t o l r s r t x ^ i r t g .
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r r i l l r s u n c l r ( ) r l t n ( l c r t \ l ) e n l i \ t u r c s . I n r c n l l r i n l i l l s . t l r e l r i s i n s L r f f iitt ' n t l n u l ( ' f i i l l 1 ( )l l r s o l l r l l r t '
c r r ( r . g \ i r l l J ) l l t ( ( l l r r t l i e i i l r r e t i n q r ' o l l c | s .l ' l r t r n c r g | p l l s s e st h f o r r g i r t i r c r r i x l r r r - eb c i n g c ( ) l r l ) i l c t -
c r l r t n r l r c l r o r t n c l sf r r n t t l t e s r - r r ' l l r toc l t l r t l ) i r \ ( ' n r ( ' n ll x ' l o u . l t r ( ' ( ' n t t t s l l r ( ' r r i \ l L l r ( ' t r n t l r l t ' , : o r r
p : r ( l s t l l ( ' r 1 r l r l .f ( ) r s i t u r t i ( ) n s o l l i r i s t t P c . t l r e r i l r r e t ( ) n r o l l e r s i r o L r l cllr e r r s c c li n l l r e s t e l i c r n o c l c .
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\ i l ) t l i l ( ) r \ r ' o l l r . ' lrL' r r r il i ) r c ( ) n t p l r c t i n gt l t i c k t l l i 1 i s .
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o t l o l s t r t l r i l i t r r l i \ t u r ( s . t ] i ( i n i l i l l l l r l r e k c k r l n p r L \ s e i n l r v r r r ' t ' c l o l r t n r n i n l l r t s l r L t i (n l ( ) ( l r l ( )
p r t ' r t n 1 t l i s p l l t c c n r c n( t) l t h c l n i \ l L l r c .( ) n ( c i n i t i r Lsl l e l r i l i t Vi s t ' s t r r l r l i s l r t '\ti ll .) r : r l i ( ) nc r r n l r t ' g r r r .
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l l l i \ l L l r e s . l i r c i l g g f ( ' g l l t s t f u ( 1 u r e ( s t () n c - () r ) - s t)(n c ) r l r , h c l l l t t t r r r c c l r r r t c l c ri | I c n s e r o l l i r t c . I I
s p c c i l i t t l ( l ( ' n s i l \ ( r l n ( ) t l x ' o b t l l i n e ( l \ \ i t l l s l x l i ( s 1 c c lr h e e l e c l l n r l o r p r r e r r r l r l i t t i r e r l r o l l e l s .
r i l t e l o n t o l l c t s r ' ; r t tl r t t t s e r l . b L r tt l i e r r I t t 1 I I i t L r c I t ' s l t o Llrrler l I ' t , 1 : rl tL t l l t ( ' l l l i l t i l l u l l l l t ( t ( ( , 5 5 i l r li ( )
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l ( ) S i ( , ( l $ 5 I ' t . l h t ' r r r r i r t b l c tsl r u t r r i l l r r l l t r t I I r ( 'l ! - n q l l lo l t r n r c i r r r r l r i r l r , . o r r p e c l i < ) n r L r slt) r
r L t c o r r P l i : l r r -l'lct ri r ' l r e t n t l i : c r r s s e r (l ) n t l l l r t l r . r sl r c t ' r ro n l r I r l i L ' t l rr l ( ' n l i ( ) n ( ' (iis l l r ( ' r i r l ( ' ( ) l n r \
i r t r t l l r r c l r t t l i o n . l n ( f ( ' l r s i n . qr r r l l t r s I e c c l \ \ i l l n r ) l ( ( ) n i l ) ( ' n \ . r l el ( ) r i r i ( r c i l s r ' c ll r l O c l l r c l i o r il l r t e . t i t
r r i l l s i n t I l r r c c l l r c cl l r r ' : l n r ( ) u n (l ) l ( i ) n l l ) i l ( l i \ ( ,( , l l ( ) r l l l : l l i : r r I y r l i t r lt ( ) i l g i \ r ' n t r c l l ( ) l l ) l l \ c I l t c n t
s L t t f l t t ci r t r l q i \ c r l t i r l r ( ' i r t t t l i : t l . l l r t ' r o l l i n g ' p l t L 1 . u l r c ' t h c ' lrr e i n g L r s c riln t l t t ' r i l r t t t o t i o r s t . r L i t
I t t o r l e . s l t o r t l t l n o l t x r e t ' c l 5 t o S L i l o n r t ' t t ' r ' 'p t r l r o r r l L . i t o 5 r r p l r t . ' l ' l r i s l o l l i r t q s p t ' t c l i s l l r t '
I t i l t r i t t t t t r t t t r r r n r r t ' n t l , - t l 1 i ) l s t : l t i ( : t c r - l r r l r e r ' l t ' , . 1I ) n r L l n l : l t i ( t i r e c l . : r n r l r i l r l e t o r t l o l l e l s .
, \ c i t l i t i o r t rrrol l l r - t ss i l l l r t t t c t r l r ' t ln 1 t , - ' nt l t t ' r t i \ l L n i n ( r t i r s t i r t P t o r l L t r l i o ri tf l l t e t t r t l c n l
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f ( ) l l (l s ( i l l m ( ) l t c h i c r c t ] r e c l e s i | e t el o r t t l t c l i o r to n t l t c i r r c | t ' l s e t il l r l t ( ) u n (1) i n I l t ( l i i l l . l t t ' I r t r n r l r t ' r '
o l r o l l c r s l t r o r i c l t c l l u u \ t l ) c t : r i l ( ) r ( ( 1l ( ) l l r ( ' ( ( ) n ( l i l i ( ) n s o l t l r t s p c c i l i c 1 o b r t n r l l r e r t r l e c l i - l t l e to
. ' l ' t . r i nr l , . l , . i r ' , 1 ' , , r l ' . , , i , n .
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: r n c l l r t o b s e l r l L t i o n c l r L r i n gt h t c l r l \ s t r r g c so f t i r c p u r i n g ( ) l ) r r - r t i ( ) l r .
- \ n r r n t l r c r o l s t r r c l i c sl l t r t l r t c l t r t l t r l c < > r t l t t ' i r r r l i n g [ : l l r s ( ) l n t i \ t L r f e s L t n r l c rv e r l i n g c o n t l i -
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l u r r ctll r r t l r i t k n c s s o l - t h c D r : r 1c l n b e u s c c l t o n L r k t ' ; r t i L i | l r e c t t r | r t t c c s t i n l l t t o f t l r t t i r t t e i n t c r r l t l
ol tht' nrir i:tlls lrclol 85 (i (IlJi |)
i n r r h i c h c l e n s i t t n r r r s tl r r : l r c l r i t v t ' c lb , . ' i i r l r t l r c l e n r l ) c r u t L l L e
( s c c F i g L u ' c6 . { ) . J ) .l l r i s c 5 t i n r i l t ( c i l n b c L r s r r lt o t l t l t ' r n . r i n eI I r r n r - L n r b eor f r o l l t r s t c i l t t i t c c l o n t h t
l()r).
r \ l c s t s t r i p u i l l c s t l b l i s h t h e r r l l i n g p l l t t ( r ' n t ( ) l L s s r u et c l t i e r e r t t c n t ( ) f t l r t r c t l t t i l c c l t i e r t : i t 1
e n c l t l r c l r r o p e r r i r r . r . q< l r n l i t r . l r n ( l t ( ) l t t x i n t h t ' o p t i n r r . r r r p r - o c l u r t i o r lt i l t ( ' s \ \ ' i t h t l t e g i r e r t r o l l c t .
I n n l ( ) s t ( r s ( s \ \ ' h ( r ( ' t ( ' s t s t r i P s i r r ( ' p r o P r - r l t r r s t ' t l .1 h c r o l l c r s \ \ i l l c o n r p l l ( t t l l c I l l i - \ i r t t l t ( '
r c n l i r i n i n g p : L \ t n l r n l ( ( ) n r ( : c l l l r e c l r n s i t r l e t l r r i l c r 1 l ( 'tns l U r ( l p r r c l t r t r e l O O r l r i r l i n g s t t l t l t c c ' ( s c c
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e r l g e \ \ I r t , n \ \ r l l r i n J ( l o n l r l l ( 1 2 i n . ) o l t l r t L r n s t r p p o l t c ec cl l g c .r h c t o l l e t s l i o r . t l cl tl t l l r t t t t t '
t o u r t r c lt i r t ' t ' i l g t ' i n l t p p l o r i n t r r t t ' l r1 0 ( )r l l l t t ( I i r t . ) i t t ( r r ' t l 1 ( l ) 1t t\ l s r t rr r ' : s j r t ' p . t s : c s
tl I r ' r t e l n r c ( l i r l t r( ' o l l i n g .l r t ' g i n n i n g ( ) n t h c l o l r s i r l c r r t c l p r o g r e s s i n q l o l u t i l l l r c h l g l t s i t l t ' .
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( ) l t ( , r i l l i ( )sl lt t o L r L lrrl t ' r ! l ) ( i l 1 ( ' ( sl i t l r s L r t c e s s i i cl ) 1 r s( ' \ . ( ' : L ( l lc o r . e t i t t gl t t t l I t I c I i t i o t I :1t I5 1 t) ( ) l ( ) { )
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l ) u r i n g t r i u r \ \ ( ' f s t r r l l i n g . u o o c l c n l r o l r l t l :o l t l r c P r o P t t l l r i t l i r t t s : : l t o L t l t l r r ' p l l t t c c ll t t t l t t '
r ' c l g c , ( )lll r ( I ) l L \ ' e n l t nlto g i r c t l t r ' r ( ) l l c Il r s r r r f : r r t ' l ot l r i r c o r t ( ) n ( ( ' i l l ) i r \ \ ( ' st l t ( r . ' c i g r . ' (t )l l c I l l i l l .
I l l l r ; r t r l si t f ( ' l t r ) t L l 5 r ( 1l .r i t n 5 \ e r s ( ' k r l l i n qr r r . t s t ( ) l ) l i ( ) l ( ) l 0 ( ) r l u l ( f ) t ( r S i l l ) s l l ( ) f l ( ) l t l l ( ( ) { l l
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l t r l t a r e l s r r ' o r k i n g i n c i l t c l o n . ' l l r i s y r n r r l L r c clsl r e l r e s t l o n g i l L r t l i n l r jl o i n t b c c l r r r s cl r r t h l r r n c s : u c
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I o l l c t . l u t t l t l t c r - ci s l i t t l c o t n i l r l i l l i ' r t : n t c i n t l t n s i t r l ) c 1 \ \ c c n t h c l r r o i u n t s . \ \ ' l t t r r p : r l i n u i n c c l t
t l o r . t l i e l r r c r t k c k r l n r ' o l l c r f i r l l o r r i n l at l r c l c r r c l1 ; u r c r l c : l v c s - 5 r ( ) 1 5 0 n l n t ( 3 l o ( r i n . ) o f t l r c
c ( ) r l l r 1 1 ( )errl l t c ' o t j o i n t r - t t r o l l e c l x t \ \ ' ( ' ( l r t l t ( l ) : l \ e f s . ' l l t i s c o r r r n r o r rj ( ) i n l i s t l l c n c < l l 1 t : t c t c r ll t t
t h c r t L l c l l i r l k r w i n g t h c s c c o n c l p l r \ c r ( ) n h i s l i r s t p l l s s ( | i ! r L u t , ( ) . 1 ( r ) .l n o l t l t l t o l t r o n t p l i s l t t h i s
t f f i ' t t i r c l r . l l i t s q c o u r l p l n c r l t n c l l r i l l t ' r ' n r r r s tk c c p : r s c k r s c : r s l t o s s i l r l c t o l l t r f i r s l p i l v c r t ( )
r n s u r t t l t i l t l t l r l t i i o l r r ( l c n s i t V i s o b t t r i n c c ll l ( r ( ) s s t ] l e i ( ) i n 1 .
Cokl Jttittts - -\ colcl jolnl is onc lrctl e cn tl o ilLrrcs.onr of u lticlt llr: coolccj or elr.rigltt or'
l o n g c t l r c f o l c p l l t c i r t g t l r c e c l j o i n i n g i l t r t c . l l e c : r t r s c( ) f t l r ( ' ( l i f l c l r ' n ( ! ' i n I e t l l l ) ( r l t u r e l r c t l c c n t i i e
t \ o l l L I t e s t. h c f c i s u l n r ( ) s ll t l \ l t r s l t r l i l l c | e ' n c c i n c l c n s i t r l r t t \ r , t r r l l t t , 1 \ O s i c l c sO f t l t t , j o i n t .
r e g r r r r l l c s so l t h e f o l l i n u t e c h l t i ( l u e L r s e ( l
I n I t t ( ) s tc r t s c st l l e r ( ' i \ l l l o t - c l t r t s i t r r ( ) n e i l t t l l ( ' l ( ) l l ' t t i l t t l t t l l r r t , 1 t l : r r t , clli r ' : t . r r n c ll r l r i g l r , . , r '
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c l c l . t s i t \7 ( ) t t ( ' i t l t h ( ' j ( ) i r t l i n t l r t l t l r L t t t i r . tl gr u r t ' . o n l r p l r r r t r t r r l: o l l r t i o n l o ( l i n r i n i r t r t l r i s p r o l r
I t ' t t t l t l r p c l t l s t o l r c c c l t c k r r . tl t e r i n u o t l r r l l r r j c l t l r I ) i L \ r n 1 li i ( l r ( ' l ( ) n l r r n i n g r r i l o r r s t h e j ( ) i n t k ) l ) c
c o t l l l : r l tttc c l \ l t i l r : t l t e l t s l t l t e l l I n i r t i t l e i s h o t o n l r o l l r s j r l e . I I o u e r t r . \ i r i ( r ' n l ( ) s t x s l ) l l r l l tJ ) i r \i n l j
i s c k r n r i n s i n . q l cl l t n e s . l ] l ( , l t ( , \ t l ) ( t s o l r r t i o r rr s t o r o l l t l t e j o i t t t t s s o o n . t s l t i t s s i l t l e -i.r - ll t r r r t a s e .
L r x t g i t t r c l i n riL( )l i n t s s l t ( ) L l l ci lr c r o l l c r l e s c l o s L ' l t c l t i n c lt l t e l l r r c , r r r s l t o s s i l r l c
E|lling Edges li\cept in eclrt'lon rrrrrl thick lifi plr ing. tllr cclg('s of tlrc prrr entc,nr sltoulci lrt-
l o l l t c l t < > r t c t t r L c n t l\\\ i t h t h ( l o n g i l u c i i n e l j o i n t . I n r o l l i n . qc d g e s . r ' o l l t , r ' s h c c l s s h o L r l i le r t t n c l 5 0
t ( ) 1 0 ( )l t t l t t ( 2 t o 1 i r t . ) l r t r r r n , . l t h e l ) l r \ e n l c n l t ( l g r . p f ( ) \ ' i ( l c ( lt h l t l i r t e r l l c l i s p l e c t n r t n l o f t l r c
l i \ l u r ( ' i s n () t ( \ c c s s i \ ( ' .
, \ t i c r l o t t g i t r r t l i n r i li o i n t s l r n ( l e t l g t : s h r r v t ' b c r - n c r r n r l : l a c t t c l .r r r r L k c l o u r rr o l l i n g s h o L r l t ll i r l l o u
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t t ' l t s r l n i s t l l l t I l ( ) t I r l i x l L l r t st ( ' n ( l l ( ) l l i g l L t e i ( ) \ \ i l f ( l t ] r r , l o r r s i c l c ( t l l t c n l l t t t l r r l i n . qc o r r r p a r . t i o t .ltl.
r o l l i r l u i s s l r L l I ( ( l( ) r r t h e h i g l r s i r l c . n r i c l l l t i o n i s n r r r t l r n r o l r . 'p n r r ' t o u n c t ' cIl l l i l n i l r ( ) l l i l l g s t r r r t sf r o r l
t l l t ' l i > r r s i c l c .\ \ ' l t c r . rr r t l j o i r t i n gl l L n e sl r r ' ; l l a r c r l . l l t t s l r r t , r ' o l l j n g p l o t e c l r r l t s h o u l d l r r - ' t i r l l r u e c l
l r L r lo n l r r r f l t , t c ( n n l ) i r ( t i ( ) no f l l t t l o n u i t r r r l t n r r jl o t : t t
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I t t l l o r c r o l l t t l l l : l r k s s ( ) t h l t t t l r c s L r f l t c r k r o k s g r x r c l a n d r i c l c s s n t r r r t l t l r . I t s l r o r r l c lI t e a t . c o n t
plisllr-'clr'rllilc tltc rlllLterilLlis slill lrltrrtt enotrgh lirl rt'nrovltl oi rollcr nnrks. \'ibllrtolr r.tlllers
lllLlsl lx'()l)crelc(l ill tlle stitti( tttocic rr hcr.t thr., lrrc uscci tirr llr.rislrrolling on
J)x\cntcnts tillt ll.(l
bclou 85 (i ( 185 l').
l- ( r , r l l l ) l l c t i ( ) tits t h t
SUmmafV P t o c t : s so l c o r r r p r c s s i n ge g i y c n r O l r r r l i e O f l 1 \ l r \
o f t l l e t t l i r t r t r c . l l i s t s s c r t t i l l l i n r c c l u c i r g t h c l ) c r n r c r L l ) i l i t ivl t l t e p r r v c n t c n t . I i x c . t ' s s i l r -
ltenctrl
l i ( ) l l ( ) l i l i r l l t l ( l \ \ r t l c r c l t t t l r e c x t r e r t t e l Vt l r r n a g i n g t o i n p l l r c c p u \ ( , r | ( , n t s . ' l a l r l r ( r 0 l c ( ) n t r L r n s . r
\ u r l r . r - \ ' , 1 i t , n r , i r r l l r rnt , i r r ; , , ' 1 1 1 1 'r,i1, ,11 1 .
S c r t ' I l t ] f l t c r O l s( l t t ( r r t l i n c I r c x t t l t s i l V e n c l e l l e c t i r e l V l l l I i - \ t u r e c . l t nb c c o r r r l t e r . l c c lS. O n t e<- t f
l l l t s c f l t c t ( ) r sl l r ' ( ' il n i \ t L l r c p r ( ) p c i c s . ( n \ i r ( ) n n l e n t l t l l r l c t ( ) f s .l i l \ e r l l t i t . l i l t c s sl t n t l L r r r c l r r lirn". q
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rggregete ancl asph:rlt l)incler nlltcrills proltosecl firl use on e projcct tltxt
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nrect all the estal:llishcclclesign critclia. l-or spccilic nlix (lesign pror.eclrrrcs D rl =
refcr to thc Asphllt InstitLrtcs .lnl' 1).,s/,qll.lletl.tr s .li tr Asphult (.i,tcretc atttl
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It h:ts been clocLrntcntcci in rrrenl cxses thllt e\en tlt()ugh x n.li\ is
clcsignecl for l certuirr pcrcent of lir voicls in thc lel)()r:tt()l'\,.e plant ntixecl
F F-
sample c()l.rtlrir.ringthr pr()per llspllalt c()ntrnt. llggrcg.lte gfitaltti(n] tncl <rrnt
parlccl l}' the srrne l:rlroraton' lnetlt()cl ntilv shctw cliffcrcnt r oluntetric prol>er
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F
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stxntial (lif'flrcnccs nrav exist l)et\\'ccn tlte l:rlx)nlt()rl llix (lesign and tlte \1)l-
urttetric propcrtics of tlre ficlcl-pr'ocluceclrnixtrrrc,. \lost ofien thcse cltilnges
=
result in los'cr uir voicl ancl \rtrlA values than thc targct tsteblisfrccl lirr the =
.fllF. Figures l.0l ancl 7.()2 shou the clillere'nces in air r'oicls and \,NIA liruncl
c[rring the FI IVA stLr(h. E
Signiticlnt e(luipnrent ancl rnlterill dif-flrcnccs cxist lxt\\ ee'n tlie sntall
scalc operltirxr of thc lelltraton nrixing ltoul en(l xn llsl)ilrlt nrixing fuiilitr'.
Dr
l r l r i c h c o u l c l l c a c l t o l l t e m i x t u r e p t o p c l l ) ' ( l t l l n g c s n o t c c l . \ l e n r r e L r s e st i r r
vctlrtnretric t:lranges in ficlcl proclucecl ntix hil\c lteen prol.rosctl, C?)
. \toisture renro.,'erl nr(>rc effeclir-clY in tlte lllltolritOn tlltn in lh('fiel(l c?t
. An cxccssive rmount of h]ghoLrse fincs futLLt'neclt() thc r]lixing pr()cess.
. Ilighlt absorptive xggrcgiltcs usecl ( ficlci ebsor-ptic>nnrllv (litffr fl'ont lub-
fTr
't'
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. l)oor slunplir.rg usc(l t() ()btllin santples firr thc lel)()-.lton alcsilin
. N()n strnahral rrrix clrsign prctceclrrrestrseti kr <lcvclop thc.IXIF
. \Ilterial scttrrcrs (location ()r stlltlt ) changecl lretseen the mix (lcsilllt
lncl llelcl pr( )(hrcti()n
. Agflrc.grte clcgrachlion :rtrclsh:rpe change s clrrring pllnt rtrixing. -
. Non unitirrnr sttxkpiling ol aggrcgurcs
cit
T I r e c l r : L n g e su h i t h o c c r r i n r h c I i e l c l p l o r l u c c d l l i x t r . r r c l r e l i k e l l c i r r et o
l t c o n r l r i n l t i o n o l s o r t r e o r i l l l o l t h r l i s l c r l r l r u s c s i n l u t ' p l r r t i c L r l l rcr : r s e .
ll|
A l ( c n t i ( ) n t o d c t r i l i n n t l t t r i l r l l t l t i c l r r c l i o n : r n c ln t i x c i c s i g n c l c r e l o p r n e n l c . e n
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lrjrrl;ri l ) . 1 1 : t i : t t r . , r ' \ , ; ir,ri l.r , , \ ! " : , i ' '\l , i ' , r ' : , t hl : { : : i i : r t i l l\ . t i I
u, ^,.',\(1)\tt()r.
A\r)A(t ( . 1 . t ' t A N ( . f( .) f H(| \li\ ASl,ll:\1.1.
F
Study
Number MixDesigner MixVerilication
Resull
1 0S
1 Contractor GoWithChanges
102S Contractor GoWithChanges
103S Contractor GoWithChanges
104S State Redesign
105BR State Redesign
1051 State Redesign
1065 State GoWithChanges
1071 Contractor GoWithChanges
1091 State Redesign
11 0 S state GoWithChanges
111S State Redes gn
1121R State GoWithChanges
'1131R
State GoWithChanges
214SR Contractor GoAsls
214R Contractor GoAsls
2155 State GoWithChanges
2165 State GoWithChanges
'llte -
l ) t ' t t t o i s t r t c l r l t l s o p t o r ' k l c c l i n l i ) n r i t r i ( ) l r r c i l r t e c lt o t l r e r e s p o n s i l r l r i l r l r o m t o n l i r
r k r t ' l o J r i n g t l r c i n i t i l l - | \ l I t i r l t l t t n l i \ t u r e s t c s t e c l .T u b l e - ( ) l s l r ( ) \ \ s \ \ ' h i c h l l i - \ t L r r t s \ \ ' r f e
t l e s i g r . t e cl )l \ l h c s t r l t c I r i g l r u r r v l t g c r . t r ' ru' n c l t l l r s e c l t s i g n c c ll r v l l r e e o n t n r c t o r ' sl : r l r o r : r l o n .
C h l t r t g t s l r c l s e c n l l t l t o m t o t v n r i r c l e s i g ne n r l f ) c l c l - p n r c i Lrrc<l n r i r l r r l e s r r e r t , r r c e c l c t lu l r e n
c l t s i g n c t l l l v e i t l t c r r c s l t o r t s i l r l ep' : t t t \ ' . I l o r r c l t ' r ' . t h t ' r ' r u c r c r ) o i n s t x n ( c s u l r e r c r c c l c s i g n o 1 t l t e
r.tlixtttrc \ lts recorttncnclccl \ hen thc c()ntrrct()r Iracl clcvtk>1tecLthc -J\IF. Tlris suggests thilt thc
c ( ) t t l r i l c t o r si r r r o l r t ' t l i n t h i s : t u c l V i r : r t l l r g r x r c l r r n c l c r s l ; L n c l i n( s) l t ] t t r r r e t c l i a l st l t t ' , , r r s t , - ll r n c l h r t $
t ( ) ( o n l r ' o Lt h c \ ( ) l L l l ] ] e l f i cp r o l l c l t i t : s ( ) f t h c l t l i x t u r c c l r r r i n gp | o c l u c t i o t . t
\ \ ' i r h t h c s e f r L t l o r si n n t i n c l . l t c l j r t s t n r e n t(sr n l ) c n r e t l e b v t l l c ( ( ) n t r 1 l ( t o ri n t h c n r i r c l c s r g r r
P t ( ) c ( s s l ( ) x ( ( ( ) l l l l l l (x l l l t e l l l e s ( t e r t t i c i p a t c ( lt l r l n g c s . F < t re , r l t r ; r l e . i f l r c o n f l i t c t o l k n r t \ \ s t l r l O r r g l r
e x P c l i c n ( t l l L t l l i s i r t g t c O ] ] t l r i l r r t i o no l - l l g g r t ' g i L t ( ' fsr ( ) r r c e r t l i n s o L r r t e sl V p i t t r l l l r c s r L l l si n t l t e
r e t t t n t t t l i ' f i , l x l g l l ( ) L r s cf i n e s t ( ) l h ( ' n r i , r c l u r i n g p r o c l u c t i o n . t h i s l l n t ( ) U n lo f l r a q h ( ) u s ( 'l i r ) c s c O L l l d
l l c i n c o r p o r : t t c c li n t o t h ( ' ; r l l l l r c g x t el r l e n c l c l r r r i n gt l r e ' r n i x t l e s i g n . [ ] r r k r i r r g t l r i s . l l t e r o l t r r t r c t l i r
chlirtges ttoltt thc ltix)f!rt()r1 (lcsign l() ttre ficlcl-pr(rcluceclnrix c<tulci bc rcclrrcecl.A nrrntl)(]l.of
()tllcf flLct(xs c()ntril)Lrting to \()lrrmctric chLngcs nrev bc kno',rn t() tlte c()ntrit(tor. 'l'hcsc coul(l
tlso lrt ltccoLutteclfirr cirtring Lhc nir clcsign. Tl is n()t rcxsonlririe tO asslrnte lhe stlttc llgcltcv
l a l ) ( ) r x l o 1 1l r c t s o n n c l u o r t ] r l b c u s u r c o f l i l t l r e p o s s i l r l e f l c t o r s t o c o n s i c l e l l i r u l l t l t e p o s s i l t l e
(()llll)ittltli()tts of ttllttt'rills ancl esphltlt nrixing pLlr)Is. Tirr-refirI.e.il is r ccomrncr.rcleclLlltt (()ntrltc
tors ltc rcsponsilrlc firr ltrovicling ltcceptelrle nrix clcsigns t() tlle (()nir!r(ting lg(!)c\ l)ri()r l() nl\
l)r()cluctlon.
I ; i c l c iv c t i l l c r t t i o n o f t h e I I N I A c l c s i g n i s t h e i n i l i a l p h x s c o f t h e o r e r a l l Q L r x l i t v C ( ) n r r ( ) l( Q ( l )
Ptoccss. It ir.trolYt:s tcstirtg ancl ltnlthzing the ficlcl proclrrcccl nlixtLrre t() ensrlrc thllt tlrt: r'tiit.rr.t
csteblishcd lrv LIre specill ir.rgagcncr lirr tlle piLrticulxr lllixtrirc rre lreing nrtt. \,'erillt utiol rs ntc-
cssllry Jt tltc lltgittning ttl proclttctior.tof cach mix ()r.J\lF't() nreirsulc uhlrt clilfi:rr:ntts, ii rrrtr'.
cxist lnci \\ Ilat c()rrective ntrlisLlres neecl t<t ltc tltken.
. JobMixFormula ApprovalandVerilication
A.Aggregategradation
B.Aggregatephysical
properties
whererequired
C.AsphaltContent
D.Airvoids,VMAandVFA
testing,
E.Stability/Strength whereapplicable
F lvloistu
resusceptibility
testing
ilt. 0ualityC0ntrol
TestingDuring
Pr0ducti0nbyC0ntractor
A.Maximum theoretical gravity
specific (Rice)
gravity
B.Bulkspecific f0rairvoids,
V[/AandVFA
C.Aggregate gradation
D.Asphaltcontent
tv. Pr0ducli0n
0r In-place
AcceptanceTestin0
byAgency
A.Asphalt content
L Aggregate gradation
C.Airvoids,VMAandVFA
D.In-placedensity
E.Thickness
F Smoothness/Ride 0uality
G.Roadway prolile
QLLxlit\ c(ntr()l is onc part Of e total qrralitv lrsstrrance svstcm clesignecl to llssrrre thet thc
clLralirl of the c()nstrlrctiol.rancl nntcriuls cc>nfirrm r"ith thc plans rn(l spccifications uncler $hich
il les prrclr-rcecl.Acti\ities thilt ()cclrr trnclcr thc lrrlbrelle of this total s) stenl rlrcl
. Quelit) control pllcticcs b' the contractc>rclesignecl t() rnonit(x thc pr()cluct rrtlnullctltring
PI()CeSS.
. Acccpten(e senrplir.rg.lcsting an.l inspection b1'the agr:nr'1 to deteflninc il sltisfattoq'
qtLlrlitl' control has becn crcrcisccl tc) llttirin pr()pcr specilication corttplilnte
. ln.lcpcn(lcnt rssurancc srmpling ln(l tcsting. This thircl prftr' in|olverttent is usc.l to pr()
viclc an inclepenclent cliticlue of the entire QA procrss. Sanrplc clultlitv contrr>l ancl attep
ttnce procedures ltre slto* r.t in Table -.02.
F i c l c l v c r i f i c u L i o ni s i n t e n c l e c tl o v e r i l - \ 't l r x t p l x n t p t r r l u c t i o n u i l l t : s s e n t i e l l rr n r t c h t h c . f N { l ' . I t
oficn inclr.rrlcsincrclrsccl tcsting xlx)\'e the nrinin.rtrn speciticci ficcluencl ancl cln rcsult in
rucljustmcntsto the.liVf ()r in x c(mrplete reciesign ()l thc nrixture .
A propcrJv clesignrrl an(l ir(lministere(l clrrelitv control progran firr IJNIr\ is r)lernt io prcvent
thc proa[rcti()n of strbstanrlarclor out-of:specificxti()n nllteriz] rlthcr then to (l()cLlrltent tlte
clcgrcc o1 r'ulrconrplilrncc lficr tfre flrct. An rrcleclruttecluelitv c()ntrol pr()ccss q'ill aclclressthc
,T,I)'I,\N(JI.]
O} H('1' TIIX ASPIIAI,T
c()11(crnsllncl risks ()f lx)th tlte pr()alLr(cl lurci tlir prtrch:tsine lrgcnct. TIre prctcess *ill
ltnrvicie
t l l e p r ( ) c i t l ( t l * i t l l c t t r t l l c l e n c rl:t n c l c v i c l e n c e o f t ) r e
l t r o c l L r cLl l u . l l i t \ . l l t r l r l t i l i t t t o c l i s c e r nt r t n c l s
i l . l P r ( x l L r ( t i ( ) n; t n ( l t l n t i ( i l ) r t t ep ( ) t c n t i x l p r o b l c n r s r r n c lr l t c e l r i l i t r k ) l s s c s s t h e r i s k o f p l r c l u r i n g
: r t> n c o r l l p l i l n t n l a t c l i l t l s .' l ' h c l t g c t t c t \ i l l l r e p r ' o r i r l e t l l 5 \ L l r i r n ( c r l L r t t l t c n r a t c l i l r l sl t e i n g p r O -
i l t t c c c l e r c r ' r i t l t i n t l t e c s l : r l r l i s h c ccl r i t e r i : r .l h i c h s l r o L r l r rl t s L r l r i n r l r t ' t l c s i r c c l p a v c n t e n t p e r t i r r -
ntltncc.
AsphaltContent
Delermination
byExtraclion
Sampling
Testing
10%
50%
Material
401"
-
llgurr (]j Pstntol'litldSlinrplr
\eriiutff\tttiblixhi{r
lolratton
shonr,
>>AsphaltContent 'I'llc
\ l l r n V t n e t l l r c l s c l t n l r e u s c c l t ( ) ( l r l e r n r i n c t l r e l t s P h e l tc ( ) r l t c t l {( ) l l l I l A I l l i \ t t L f c s . lll()st
f r r c l u e n t i v r r s t : r ln t c t l r o t l t o c l a t c i s t h r e \ t l i l c t k ) n t e s t . \ \ ' h i ( l ) s c P l l L t l e st l r t ' e s p l l l t l t : t n c i l t g grt'getc
L r s i n gr s o l r ' , . , n 1 ( A A S I I ' 1 1 ) ' f
l ( r i : A S ' l\ l I ) - 2 1 r 2 ) . ' f l r i sp R r t t s s r e r t r l t . r n t l r r ' . r l r i l t L t r, , l \ c r f ' r t r l ri r
glatllrlion lrnullsis olr tlt(, lggr('g1rt('s :rfier thc es1>llrlt lrincltr hlts lrtert rl'rllorccl. Atll()l)l:lti(
r c r r y c L l r t i 1 1 lct : r n l t c L L s t t lr l L r l i n g n t i r p t o c l u c t i o n t ( ) c l r l ( u l i l t e l t s p l t e l t c o n l t : n 1 .l l t h c e s l l i l l t l t I l t i r -
i n g t l L c i l i t t m l t k r s t l e t r i l c c Ll l c l r s Lr r e n) c nt s o f l l r t n r a l c l i l t l s L t s t ' c lI.) r r l p t r l r c l l l j l l t a t e c ln t r c l e l t l
x s p l l : l l t c ( ) n t c n t g l l r . l g e sc l l t p r o | i c l e n r c l r s L r | t ' n l c n tos t l t s l t l l t l t t r r n t e r l t o t l l l l c ; r t o t l t t c c t l l l l i \ t L l r c
( A A S H T ( ) T 2 i 3 l r A S ' l ' X Il ) : i 1 2 5 ) . l r L r ts i n c e t h t . r L s p h u l ti s n o t r c r n o r c c l . g t a c l r t t i o l ri t n l l l V s i sc a r l n ( ) t
l t e p r r f i l r r l c t l . l h t s t ' g : r r - r g c sg r c s i n l r r 4 r L r l e l i t rc l u t t o e r t r i r r n r t t c n i t l ( ( ) l ) s l r i l i r r t sl l e i n g p l : r t t r l
, , r r t l r r , l r l , , t i l | . r l ( , 1 \ ( , 1 \ ( t ) l \ , , , l r r l l l i , r tl l t\ ( \ l i l l ( \ t r : r , l i , ' l ) l , . l i l l ! . \ ' l ' l t . t ' t " ' r l ( n l ( l ! l ! r r l l l n r l i " r '
'l
ltr' llie ignition lnetlxxl hxs ltcen itrct-clsing in use ir'r rcccnl \:crlrs. lrc ignition llleth()cl tlscs
r c r T l r i g l t t ( r l p e r x t u r c s ! i . 1 8 ( l ( 1 ( X ) 0I - ) t ( ) ' l ) U l n o f T t h c r s p l t : t l t l r i n r l e l l r ' o n r t l r e r l l i \ t t l l t s l r t l
1tlc.'liris lrretir(rcllrlso I'cc1r-rircs thal !l clllil)ftiti(m bc perlirntretl ()n the xggreglttcs ttsecl in tlte
l l i x f r t r o t o l r ( ( ( ) u r ) t l i ) l p o s s i l t l c u g g r e g l t e c l c g l l c l r t t i i t nr l t r l i n g t ) l t ' l c s f i n g p l ( x e t s . I ) L l ( ' t ( ) t h ( '
p()tentirll fi)t xggregllt(, g|lrclrrlion chenges to ()( ( rrr aluring tllis tcst. ( iltlti(n is rccolttttlt'nclt tI
\ I r c r - r i r s i n g l l t c l e t t l i t i I t i t r gr l g g r e g l l t c sl i r I .g l a c l a t i o n c c l l p l i l i n c , - t c s t i n g
>>AggregateEradation
Various t\'ll\s 1is() c-\ist kr deterntine xgllregatc grechtitttt. T]lc ilglllcgiltc crllcl flctl ll,-'lt or
l t o t l t i n s i t r e s o l l r t i n t e s s : r t p l c c l p r i ( ) r t ( ) l I i X i n g r , r ' i t hl t s p h : t l t H ' , \ \ ( ' \ ! r ' . l t . t i n H , , i L l l ( l ) l i l n l
rnixrcl rrllrtcri:rl utier e\trl(ti()lr oI. ignition is tlrc onlV trLlc llle;tsttrclllcrlt of thc agg|cgllt(' griLaiil-
tion in thc final rnixtlrrt'. I)epencling On specilic aggregllte pr()pertics. il is tlot Ltnctxttlll()n clullnll
(N() 200)
pr.oclrLctionfirr lrr.tltcl<litir>nelone helf t() ()ne llncl one italf Per('('nt ()f rlrinus 0.015 llllll
lnterill t9 l1 rctulncd to tlle nti\ fionr a blgbouse ctttissiol.rc()ntr()l s)stcnl. A \\ct s(nll)l)c'r
systclt l1:ly leclrrce tltc JntoLlr.rfof tlnes in the mix lll an eqttll lrttotinl. In eciclition. alcgrl(llltion
of tht, eggr.eglrfcsntlr\' ()ccLlr in the cln'ing :rnc1mixing pfocr'\\ rr -r rlrrttrl tltir lrl.rlll. Tllcrc
cllrngrs *ill not l)e fellizc(L if grrrclation tcsting is not pertirrtttctl ()n llggregxte firrnr tlte plrLnt
ntirttl n11iterjal.T|tis entounl Ol chlnqe ir.rthc fines c()ntcnt ol thc ltti\ttlrc can llllvt' lt prrtlirLtllrl
r ' l l c ! t , ' l l tl r t . l t i r l r r r r , \ , ) l u n t ( l f i ( \
F])L{MPI.E 1
Theoretical
maximum gravity:
specific = 2.438
G,,,,
Unitvreight = -
ofwater (y, I,OOOkg/m,(62.4lbs/ft.)
l\4axrmum - G,,,,
density x (f, =2.438x1,000
(624) =2.438kgln, j tbs/ft,)
('152
'l
l t r - 1 l l t ' O t t l i t l L l l l i l \ i r l l l r r r rs l t c c i f i t u r l t r i t r i s r r s c r l t o c l l l f u l i l l ( , t l t (
l ) r r ( . ( ' n lt i l r o i c l s o l l l r l r < t r . l L
l ( ) r \ ( )rr r I ) i I ( I ( ' ( I s l t r t i l t l c s I l r c n t l l r i r r r L r n t l l r c o t . c ' l i t . l t lr l e n s i n i s l r s c r l l o r l r l t . r r l l L t t I, l r c r r :l l l t r c , t l t , rr
(
s i t r o l l i t ' l t l t l r l t t l r t t c l c c ll ) r l \ c r r r - r t t , , r t : l l r , - r r , l . r t i \ r r l L n \ r l \ r e l i , r | t , t lt o i s l l t c | i l t i ( ) 0 l l ] r c t l e n s i
1 \ ( ) l l l l ( ' l ) i l \ ( ' n t C n 1t O r t s 1 o l l r t l . L \ l l I L l l t l r r , , r r ' t r t . Lrl l ( , n \ l t \ l t ( ) l 1 O l l t t , l l t l r O | t r t o r .rrl r , 1 l s i t ro r
( ( ) l l t l ) l l l( t ( l l t ) t \ t L l l ( \ : l n t l ) l ( \ .
\ \ I l r - ' t rt r r t l t l L l r - t i r l g : t s l t l t r L l tn r i t c l t ' s i g n s . i l n ( l t ( \ l i t . t g l l t L , ] l l i \ l l l 1 ,
l)l()P(,rtir, irr tltr'lit,ltl. rr rs
( ' : s ( n t i : r l t o l : r l ' t , r r s p i t t r l il l l ) ( ) r l t l i ( ) l ti l t t ( ) l l c ( . ( ) u l . l l t ( . 1 t t l ( ) u n O 1 l : r s l t l L r l tl l ) \ ( ) r l ) r , ( l i n l ( ) t l t ( .
i t . q g f ( ' g l l l ( ' \ ( l l l l l l l g I ) r ( ) ( 1 i t ( l i ( ) l t l ) l \ i n 1 - t r r n t l c o r t r 1 r : r c I i O r (r ) l l l l ( , I l t i \ 1 L l f e \ i l l l t ( . ' l r t i l l t ( 1 i ( ) l ) ( ) l i \ - \ ( . t -
r t l 1 : r li o t s :
( . ) r \ t . Jt \ ( . ( ) \ | i ( ) t . . \ \ l ) \ ( . ( . l r l , l \ \ ( . 1(, ) t I i ( I J \ \ \\t'll\l.r ;
-
e
E
a/)
E
E
F
2.3?0
CureTime,Hours
Mixlure
( l ( ' rr ' i l \ ( \ . l j l r . r ' t ' : t l l t : i r l , L l l i g i l ' .1 | , \ i l l L i i : , - ' l , L r i r l, ( J l l r ( ' l i 1 \ 1 1 r\ l t r ' ' r L L 1I o t l l l g l r i r . t l r s r r | t l l tIt
: r l g r L ' g . l l e s l. l l i \ l ) ( r l ( ' l l t i l l rl l t l t l t l l l i i l l i l l l l l (
(' \ i l l L l L i \ g r ( ' L 1 r ' ll l l , t t l u i t l l i l q g f e g i l l ( ' ' l l l l \ l l l l l
-
l r , \ , r ' r t l r ' t r t t r t i r r t. tl t r l l : l ' 1 r ' r i \ l i $ l ' i g t t t t ' t I t ' l r | \ ' 1 1 1 ,(.' '1 J r 'l ( r r i ( l l l r ' i l l l l t ' ( ) l l ( , l ( c l f ' - ' \ l l l l \T 1 ) i
|D BulkSpecificEravitY
j L : , , , , i t i r l r L r I r ' ! t r ' ( ' L l . l l l r l ( \ )1I I i ri I I I ( ' ( i L t ' i t l S l ! l t - l l l l l ( l l l r ) \ ' r ' r l L l l i '
\ \ i l l l ) l ( . ( r l i l t ( 1 ) l i l n lD l ( r r
r1'1 l r l | r $ ( ) t 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 lr r' 1 ' 1
r L s | , ci l l t l t t . I t i \ ( l ! \ r g I l , s i I l t . t . . l \ ] r t ' r j i i r 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1\ l l t l ' l l . L i l l l . r l l l l l l t ' t
(; rl
\ i l t l ) l c t \ l i t t . n L L ' t , r l ( ) r l ( l ! ' r l l l i l l ( t l r r l , L r l l .' 1 ) ( . i l i ( g f i l \ i l \ .
. g \ t . r L i ( ) l t \ tI I I t . , - o r I I 1 I I L , . t t r I
l) ilsri L)rl) l-]rr \lrrltilllrillg 1ll( c lrr
l r . l r , r t l l l r r r l . P l r . r l lt \ . \ \ l l ' l ( ) 1 1 ( r ( rl r t I l - i \\l\l
( j ! ' l l \ i 1 \ i)l lilc t' r t l l p l L 1' t ' r ' s
l l t t l l p l t '
t l r . L r r l t tl . r g i l t ( ) l \ \ : l t ( f r r i l l r i c ' l t l t l l t ' i r L l l l '
IXANTPI-E 2
- G',x (l --2.344
Bulkclensity x 1,000 = 2 344kqln (1463 llrs/ft
(62.4) )
- G.,,,)/G,,,,1
v.- t(G,,, x 100
EXA"MPLE 3
G..,=2438 G,o=2.344
EXAMPLE 4
Assull( th( (i,,,..rltlue usccl in Iixlrmpir J rr,lrs rlctcmrinccl lftcr e cr-rring pcriocl of thrcc
ltor.trs.r\lso lssuntt: tiltl eticr tlrc s;rnrt' rlixtr.rrc slts ctrreci lirr lt ;lerkrcl ol onc horrr lt G.,,, rltlrrc
'fhc (i,,,,
of l. rl!) is olrtuintcl. of 2.J i r is tlrc sillle in bcxlr exuntples.
(2
' - A1A- 2 144\' x
V= = ,l- 1 0 0= 3 . 1p e r c e n t
2.419
'lhc
c l i f l f r c n c ci n t h c u i r r o i c l t : r l c r r L r l i o rbrt t s c r n F i x : r r r r p l e3su n c l: i i l l u s t n r t e tsl l e i n p ( ) r -
tentt of :tllcxvingthc nri-\tureto cure in tlre fielcl tirr thc srrnrcpcriocl of tinrc lrs in tirr nrix
clcsi.qn.Alt rir r c>iclrcsult ol J. i'ri, ntight causc thc QC srLpe n isiir-on rr projcct to rc(iucc thc
e s p h x l tc o n t e n tt ( ) r x i s el l l e a j r | o i c l s t o : l p r ( ) c l u c t i ( )tnl L r g e(t ) l + ' r . I I ( ) \ \ r \ e r . l \ n o t a c c o u n t i r r r :
f i r t t h c c o n t i n r t i n gl r s p h l l t a l r s o r p t i o rtrl r k i n gp l r r c c .t h e f c s u l t r o t r l t l r i e l c l l r l i r t r r e l i t l r l n
e s p l r a l tb i n r l t r c ( ) n t c n t\ \ h i ( l l i s t o o l o r r l i r r t h i s p l r l t i c r r l r r Ln i - r , t l L r t .
>>StabilityandFlow
\tarshlll st:Lbilin lir.ttl tlos pr()pefiies cun bc nrrasrrrccl on thc llrlrt>ratort'tonrplrctccl slrnrplcs
o f l i c l c l - p l o c l L retc l n r a t e r i e l .l u r c l s o n r c a g e n c i e s i n c l u c l e t h c r n i n t l r e i l c l L r a l i t r ' ( ( ) n t r ( )tlc s t i n g
r'('(luircnrcnts. lk^r'e\,er. tlte relirrbilitv of st:rbility ]nrl flo\\ es clrrelitr.c()ntr()1tests is less thrrn
t l e n s i t t l o i c l s l r n e l . " s c ss. i n c e l l a l s h e l l s t e b i l i r r ,l n c l f l o u v l l r r c s e r c l l l c c t e c l b r n n n \ c l i l l e r t n t
xggregute ancl usphllt l)r()pcfiies. The ralues olrlairrecl lire n()l ne(cssurilv un inrlicetkrn of acle
(lLnte lllixture perfirlnrlrnce . 'l ht engineering pf()peflies of es;.rha)tmixtLrrr:silr(, l)ctt('r tlcfinecl bV
tltc \'()lLlnret[i( pr()porti()ns <>1ltsphltlt l)incler. xggrellilte ancl :ril conteinecl \\ithin titc c()nlpxctc(l
n r i \ t L r f e .I t i s l r e l i e v e c lt h x t i f t h c r o l u n r e t l i c p r o p e i e s o f r i r V o i r l s i r n ( l \ r N l A , r r k r n g r r i t h t h e
r t s p l t r t i t o t r t t n t u n c l g l u c l u t i o n .o f t l t e n r i x t r r r r ' : r r c p l o p e r l l , c o n t r o l l e c l .t h c n s t u b i l i n r r n c ll l o l \ \ i l l
colrcsponclingl\' nrrct rllc :lpl)f()prixtc sptcifictiti()11s.
'::l;
11ti'.'-llt l, :l.l'1, 1 ; ' 1 :l 11 ' 1 r , ; ; : . l i : ' ' : : l ' ' : l i ' : llll:i.
.?.' Sublol
Slratilied
Random
Sampling
o
.l
aniesyryty!,!u4Y!yciit!!!_
t samwu i:,:.llll;ll "
i,:'lllilll':ilii:::
l i ) t t c s t i l r g r n r r s l l t t , r c l t r t s c n t l t i r t o l e l l t h c n l r t t ' r ' i r L l ps r o t l t t r c c l I i r t t h c l t t o t l t t c r i o n l t t t l . S r t t t t p l t ' s
n i t r s i l t t t l r k c n o l i c n c n o L L g l rt ( ) r n 5 u r c t l i r L tt l r c n r : L l t r i u li s l r t ' i t t g l t t o c l t t c t t l t r r t i l i r r n r l r l l l r o r . t g l l o t t t
l l t g L n l i r ( , l t l o c l t r r t i o l t l l o c e s s . I i o r ' ( l L l r l l i i \( ( ) n t f ( ) l l e s t i n . qo f l r o t I n i r r t s l t l t a l t .s : L t t t p l c sl l e l r t k t ' l l
i l l ( l c s i g l l l t c ( l i l t t r . : f \ l l s .l l t e a c t u r t l : ' r r n t p l i n ui n l c l r l t l . r ' t ' f c l t t ' c lt ( ) : t s t l l t s r l n i l l l i n g f t t c l r - t c t l c t .s i l l
c l c p c n t l o n p l i l n t P f ( x l L r c t i ( ) nr l t ( ' s i l n ( l o r c t e l l l t r o j c c t s i z c .
'l
t p i c e l r l t r e l i t i l r s s L r r t n ( r s a n t p l i n g l r t r t l t r - ' s t i n gl ) l ( ) g r r r n s u s e : t L l l t r t l o t t ts e r t t l l l i l l g l l t o c t c l L r r c
t o i c l c n t i t \ ' l l r c r c l L n c lo r l l r t , r r s u r r r p l e sl r r e o l r t : r i n c c l i ) r t e s t i n g . A t r r t L vt a n c l o r t ls l t l l p l i n g
D r ( ) c c s s( , n s l l r e st l n t r u t l s p c c i f i c i n ( r e n r c n t o f l r ( l u r l n t i t ) ' o f n r e t c r i a l h l t s l t t t c t l u l t l l l r t l l l a l r i l i t l o l
l t t i n g s e l c c t e c l .R a n c k r r ns a n r p l i n g e l s o n r e l n s t i l x t n ( ) l ) i l s i s i n t r o c l t t c c t li n l ( ) t l l e s c l c c t i ( ) n
ploccss. An r.:flirlt to incltrclc somt Ol^'iousll dr:ficicnt or passing tttltteriltls $rrttlcl n<lt constiLLltu
lr ler-trlottt nroccss.
E)L{MPLE 5
'ftrtul
r r r r r n l r r r ' o f s L r l r k r l sl t ' c l r r i l t c l= 5 ( X ) 0 l/ 0 0 O = 5 s r r b l o t s
'l
I r i r . er e n c k i n r n u r r l r e r s r r x ' n r c ' c l c c l . h c n L L t n b c r sc t r o s c n e r c : 0 . 7 - i .0 . 6 0 . 0 . 0 1. 0 . 2 7 1 l n ( l0 . , r 1
I t r r o r r l c l l t c i n t y r l t r c t i t ] lk ) c \ p c c t t l r x t t l l e e \ i l c t c l l l ( u i a t c c lt r . l nO f I r u t c t ' i l t l \ \ 1 ) L l l cll) e s t l l r p l c c l
i n t l t e l l l ) ( ) \ ' r r ' x u r r r p l e .I t i s r ( l i t r i \ c l v t , e s r t o c l r t c r n r i n e u h i c h t n t t k l o e t l o f r t t i r t r r n l e i r l s t l l t '
' ' s l r n p l t t o n t l t t > L r g l tr c ' r ' i c r ro f t l r c r r c i g h t i ( k e t s p f ( ) \ i ( l c c l l L t l l l e
l ) l l l r l t . ' l l t c c e l c r - t l l t t c r ls e l t t p l c
ton uoulcl ltc takcn tirrrn tltt nlttcriitls trrntainecl in thet spccific tntck eithcr ()tlt of llle trtlck
l r o x j t s e l l . l t e h i n t l t l t c p a v c r . l t r r n t t h e p l L l c r ' l r o J r p c ro r ' l n ( ) l l l e r l ( ) c l t i ( ) n r L si n ( l i c x t e ( l i n t h c s x n l
pling encl tcsting pl:in.
EXAMPLE 6
-I-ltc
surnc plojett ir.t Iixlrntltic 5 also reiluircs (lcnsitv tcsting ()n (()res tllkcn fr()ltt tlle c()lll
p l l c t c ( l p l r v e l l l e n t .A s s l t n l c t h a t t l r t l e n g t h o l t h e p a \ c r n c n t c ( ) n s t n r ( 1 e ( i s t o l t t c l i r i c l e c li n t ( ) f i \ c
'lhc
e c l r r r l u r t l s ( s r r l ) l ( ) t s I)i r r c l c n s i n t e s l i n g . t c x e l l e r r g t h o f r o e t l s : i t p : t v c c lk r r l l r e d r l \ ' ( ( ) n e l ( ) l )
\rrs 103-()nrrters ( J + 0 ( X )l c c t . t . ' t h i ' p r L \ e m e n t $ i c l t l r i s J . ( r n r c t c r s ( i 2 f e e t ) . r t n c l: r s i n g l e l e n < '
llrs llrrcrl. I sing thc slrnc nrnclorn nunrber pLoteclure lts ltbove firr ross ts'o lLncltitl'cc io fig
rrre r.05. (lelcrnline tite k rngitr.rclin;rlclist:rnce fronr {lle strlrt ()f par ing lu.tclof-het flttttt ccnttfline
()t tlt(f c()fts.
'fhe
totll lcngtfr p:l\ecl = 10Jr0 ntetcrs (3'i000 fctt)
Strlrkrtler.rgth= t01"0 5 = 20r:i rneters(6800 lcct)
l . o n g i t u d i r . ncll i s t a n c e n n c l o n r n u u r b c r s( r ( ) \ \ ' 2 ) = 0 . 7 i 1 . 0 . 1 1 . 0 . 6 5 . 0 . 2 0l r.. t c 0 l .98
( l e n t e r l i t t e( ) f t . s t rt r n c l o r l lr . t t L t t l b c(rrs( ) \ \ '3 ) : 0 . 1 J 1 . 0 6 ' i . 0 5 0 . 0 l ' i a r r d 0 ( X )
C o r e = 1 : ( 0 t o 2 0 1 . in f r ( ) n rs t a r t( t p t v i n g )
Disrance:20r.i -\ 0.r8 = l(;llJ 1 6 1 8n l ( 5 3 0 7 f l ) l i o n t s t e r l
Ctnterline ofl.sct= 3.(r x 0.87 = 3.1 Off .sct= 3.1 m ( 10.-2tt)
( J t t i l l l 1 \ ( ( , r t i 1 l ) ri l t r , r i r r ' . l u 1 ) r i r l l ( l ! n t l ( , \ r , 1 .| i t r n t r l V s i si l c r l i r l n t c c l O n
i DataAnalysis llr! ll\l\ llrt' lrrsi irtrrlr$ i i L ' l r lr t i l r r r r L i I n . t l l L i u t : L l \ ' \ 1 os l I l t e i n i r t r r | t ,
()n llr('lirsl rl:lr Or l\o o l l L t l ll I l ) t l L t r t i O nr. ( ) ( . ( ) l I l ) i c t l t ! l l t i \ l u f ( , l ( ) l l t ! . l ( ) i )n i i x l O t . l l t r r l tIrl.t t ,
s c ( ( ) n ( lu s c t l l l \ l o r l l r r r - l r L t l i lrrO n t r r r l c s t s l t e r ' l o I t r , t ll ( ) ( l ( t ( r ] | i n ( , l l l l t ( , n t i \ t u f ( l l r O 1 t e r . L i , : ,
l l r t ' t ' x r e r - c l c c pl l o r l L r Lt i o l r l ( ) l c f l l n (e L i n l i t \ .
( J l \ l l l \ ( . ( ) \ | i ( ) t .\ \ l ) \ ( . ( . 1 : l ' t . \ \ ( ). t :I I ( I t \ l t \ \ 5 i , | \ l I
<
5.8 UCL
o a
o o o
5.5
Oa Target
O-a O a a
5.2 a t-cL
10 11 12 13 14
g cd UCL
6
=
oo
O-O -OaO
= 3 5.5 Target
E oo
LCr
c l r r t t i o r rr l r r i l r t i o n . l ] r c \ ( i l n r r l s o p r o i i r l e ( , i r r l \ s i g n l l l s o f p o t e n t i r r l l ) f o l ) l r n r s n r r ( l i n g l L l l t n L i ( ) n .
'llrc
t t ' s l t L t l r ts l l r L r l t l r t ' t l i s l r c r s e cl tl r t c k l t t l r : l l ) ( ) u tf l l ( t r t r . 9 t rt l t l l r c l r r r l l r 1 1 l , . ' , . 'lnl r t t o n l t o l l i t l
i l \ . \ l ( ' \ \ l l o s s i l r l e i n t l i t : t l i o n s o l r ' - r i s t i n go l r r P t o n r i r t { l ) r ) l ) l ( n r : i r r ( l
'I -
l r t n t o r i r t g i l \ e r i l g L ( ( ) n l f ( ) lr l r : u t i n I r i g L r l t ' O - l ) f ( ) \ i ( l c i l r i i n ( l i ( r l t i ( ) lor l t h t o i c r : t l l l t t ' n c l '
r r l l l r i ' p r o r t ' s s .I t u o L r l r ll r t ' r r o r c l t ' l r s o n l r l r l t ' l (r )( ' i r ( ll ( ) 1 1 r r ' p l o r , . ' sl rs( l t ( 1. 1 5( ) l ) l ) ( ) \ L cl oi n l t l i i n g
r l t r i : i o n s l l l r s r ' col n j n c l i r i r l L l rtl( ' s l r ! \ u l t \ l ' f ( ) ' r I ) r ) i n tI I t o I t l l r c l r ' i : r r r rr r l r | r r l t r t l l c n t l l o r I l l
' r P P c tI ' n c l ( ) 11 ] r ! ' s l ) ( ( i l r ( l r l i ( )I|rtt g c l l 1 l r i s
. r r L ' r ' r r ql rt '' P l L r l l( ( ) n l ( ' n l( ) l l l r ( ' n r i \ l L r r r ' l o , , r , r r1| ]r ri r L
f,n&,r ( ) t \ t . tl \ r r ) \ | t ( ) t \ \ l ) \ ( . ( 1 . t , t \ \ (l . ( ) l I I ( | \ \ . \ s l , | \ t . i
t r e n c l r r r r e t ( ) c ( ) n t i l l u e .t h c I l - \ 1 . \ s u p p l i e l r l r n . t l r , - 'n s l ' o f P | o r l r r i i n g n ( ) r ' ls p c c i l i c ( l n r i r l r f i l l l s .
'I
h i s t l c n t i u r r t r l t l i n c l i t a t e l l l e n ( ' t ( l 1 ( ) r: ( ) n l r . L ( l i u . t n r ( ' nilr r l l t c l r l o i r ' s s t ( ) n l ( ) \ c t ( ) \ \ i l f ( l l l l e t : l r '
g c t . l s l ) l r a l tc () n l c n t .
'lhe
p : r l l i r ' L r l ucl r i t c r i i Lb \ r r l r r , l r I l \ i . \ ( o l r s l r L l c t i ( ) rI)roj('(
l ls
Acceptance
Criteila a r r a c r c p t e c Lc l c p c n c i o n t l r r t r p c o l \ l ) i ' ( i t i ( r t l i ( ) n srusr:cl tirr
t l l c p r ( ) j e c t .T I r e r c r r r c \ r L r i ( ) L l ts\ p ( s ( t s l ) e (i f i ( r t i ( ) n s i n r r s e . o r b e i n g p r o p o : e t l . t l t i t l t r n l l ) h x -
size alifferent cc>ntnrl plrnulttcrs. Tlrev lre:
itionalAcceptancePI ans
D| Trad
A c c e p t e n c ec r i t e r i l a l e r - r s u a i l vu s e r l o n u n L r r n b eor 1 s p c c i f i cp r ( ) p c r t i e so l t h c n t i x t t t t e : t n c l
t h e f i n i s l r e cpl i r \ e n l c n t .T r e c l i t i t > n a l lt rh.r. f i r l k r u i n g s c t ( ) f i l e m s l e r c l r s e c tl ( ) c v i t l u l t t eI I N I A t o t r
slrulctr()npr( )lecls.
|| VolunetricMixtureControl
'l.hc
l t ' c < ' t r tt r e n c l t o \ \ r r r ( l l t c l u e l i t r i l s s L r r i L n ctcr l r c o f s p e c i f i c l L t i ( ) n ilas tlll)lturiizc(l r1i\tLrfr
r o l r t t l l t l r ' i c l ) f ( ) l ) c f t i ( ' sf i l t l l t f l h x n l l r t ' c o n r l r i n l r t i o no f i n r l i r i r l u u l m l r t c r i e l t . o n r l t o n r n l s . I I i \ ( t e s l g l r
I r l ( t l l ( ) ( l st t s t t l l ( ) t l l t t l i r t u s o r - tr r r l r r r r r l I i c l ) r ( ) p t f t i ( , ss u c l r a s l r i r r O i c l s .\ ' I I A : t n c l r o i c l s f i l l c t l , , i i t l r
'l
I t s p h r t l l l l e s c P l ( ) l ) c r l i ( ' sr t r e r n r t c h l r t l t t ' t i n c l i r ' : r t o r so l t h c c n g i n e r l i n { p t ( ) l t c f t i c s o l l l t c r p i x t L r r t '
thltrt urt :rsltllrlt contrnt rrrrclrr.qgr.c:tutc gntcletion.
Tllt'st roltttllttritr lll()l)erties nrLrsllrt conllollccl ir.rtlrr tlclcl es \\ell lrs lre sstlrbiislrrcl ir.rtlte
l l l i - r c l c s i . q n\.c | t r t l l t l t s s . g l l ( i i t t i ( ) r ' rl u r c l l t s p l l t l t c o n t r n t c l e t c n n i r . r : l t i ( ) l t s : l rael s ( ) i l l l t ( ) r t u n t t ( )
e n r t l l l e t ' t i L t c l t t c cxl ( l j u s l n r ( ' n t st ( ) t l l c p l ( ) d L r c t i ( ) np r ( ) c r s s . . f u c l u r r r c n t(s) n t h c ( l u r L l i t \ ' o l t l r e f i n i s h c c l
p r ( x l l l ( 1 \ \ l l i c h : t l t I t l t s c t lo t t r o l u n r e t r i c
l ) r ( ) p c l t i c : ,r v i l l l t , l r t l t ( ) g r e : l t e r p e l t i r r r r r a n c et > f t h e p e r c ,
lllL nt
l l l c c l t r e l i t vO f t l t t ' l i n i s l r e r l p . l \ c n r c n t i s n o t e n t i r c l v b l r s c d o n 1 t i \ t L r f e 'l'he
l)r()l)crlies. clensi
tl of the- rolttlstr' lificr construcli()n plets lr nlrjol role in tlrc over:rll pcrtirnlrrnr.c of thc rorrcl-
Oensity Q r n l i t v t o n t t o l o i t h t I I \ 1 . \ i n \ r ) l \ c s l ( ' s t i r ) ge n c lr r n e l r z -
Specilications i n l t t l r t ' l i c l c lp r o c l r r c c cnlt i \ t u r ( t ( ) e n s u r ct l t l t t h r r l t i x
t l t s i g t t c l i t c r i r t c s t l t l t l i s h t ' clli i r - t h c 1 - r u l t i c r r l lrrnl i : t t r r r ee r t ' l r c i n g r r e l . I n n ) ( ) s l ( . 1 r s ( sp. e \ . c p t e n t
c l c t l s i t r s p c c i l i t e t i ( ) r t s : l f e t t s t c l t o i L r r l g t t h r r r ( ( ( , p t l l l ) i l i t \ o f t l t e c o r r p l c t i i ) n p r c l c ( s s c l r r r i n gt o n
s l r L r t(i ( ) n .
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g o : t l o f c o t t l l l t t c t i t l gx h o t n r i x l l s l ) l r x l tp i r \ c n ) e n t i s t ( ) i i ( l t i c \ e l n ( ) l ) t i l l t L l l l l v i 1 i c l
lLir t.9n-
t c n t i l n ( l p r r l r i t l t l L 5 1 l t ( x ) 1 hL. r n i t i ) n r ls u r t i r c e . ' l h c l ' r - s r r l t l n l ,i n - p l l t r . r ,l t i t . \ ( ) i ( l ( . ( ) n t e n tO f t l k l l \ l A
i s 1 l f t i l l ; r l r l Vt l l e s i n g l e n r ( ) s ti r r l p o f i l l n t f l r c t o l t l r a t x f f c c l s p c f l i ) n ] l x n c e r > l t l r e s l i - \ t L r r et l l r o l g l l ( ) g l
thc liic ol tltc pl\ cnrent.
T I l t ' l t c t i r i t i e s i n r o l v c c l * i L l t t h c p r o p c l d e s i g n . p l o c l L r c t i o n .p l x c c m e n l . l n t L c o r n y l l r c t i s r 9 . rf
t l l e i t s p i l l l l t l l l i x t t r r c e r c l t l i t r r n r b i n e r l k ) l l c l l i r \ c t h c i n - p l e c e r k n s i t r o f t h e I I \ l A p l r v c r r r e n ta n c l
t l l i i l l l i l t c l \ c l e t e t r l l i n t u h c t l t c r t h c p ; r v e n ) c n t r i l l p c r f i r r t n l r s r x p e c r e r l . I h t , c l c r . r s i t sl .p e c i f i ( . x t i ( r t s
x
y
,r .{r.r'r\ (.()\t Rot_A\r) A(.(ilipTr\NC|()F I{()1.\flX _\Sp Ar.T
t ( ) \ \ h i c h t h e p i l V c n r e n t i s l r L r i l tl L [ t r L s c r l1 o s l i p r r l l t r t i r c l r c c c p t a l r l cl e r e l o f c o I r p l t t l i o n
xchicvccl.
A trpical clcnsitr. sl-rccilrcati( x.i rcllrr\cnts r conillLlison lrets cert tlrc in plrtce clensi[' of tltc
()nc r>ithrcc rcfer-
l ) r v c r l l c n t t h l t i s l r c h i e r c r l r r l t c r I l r r r r lc o n r p r r c t i o r r r. i n r l r L r e l e ' r c n c cr l c n s i l r ' .
(
e n c e c l e n s i t i e si s t . ' l l i c l r l l r r L s c c il n c i c n s i t r \ p e ( i l i c i L l i ( ) n \ :I - i l l ) ( ) r i r t ( ) r fl t n s i t v i lte\ittttlltl llle()rLti-
c l l t l c n s i t t : ( ) r c ( x r t r ( ) ls t r i p t l e n s i r r I s r - o t t l r c n l L r i n r t u r ] t l r t o l e t i r e l c l c n s i t t t o ( l ( ' t c f n r i n e I I ] 1 A
p l \ c 1 l r e n t r l e n s i t v c o n r p l i r r n c cr s p r c l e l r e t l b r t h e . \ s p l i : r 1 tI r ] \ l i t L r t c .
|Dlahoratory Density
This me'llrocl c()nrp:lres in-placc tlcnsitr t() il lal)()rrl()n -corttl-ltctccl slrnrplt of ficlcl protlLrt,.'tl
'[
r r s p h e l tn r i x . e n r l i s p r r r t i c u l l r r l l l r p p l i c l r b l c t o \ l a r s t l r l l c ( n ] r p l r c t i ( ) nJ r to c c t l L r e s . ] t e S L L I ) c r P l t \ t
llctll(xl ()f lltix clcsign uscs tltc SupcrplrVc CVllrtort (i)r)rpllctol' ( SCC ) firl lltltt)l'lttorr c()lttl)it(li()t].
I t h : r s b c e n s h () \ \ ' l r t l l l t t h c S ( ] ( l p x r t e c l u r c i s r r l s o l r m e t l r o c l t l r j c h i s r r e l l l r r l ; L p l c rll( ) f i t l ( l l l l l ) ( )
r x t ( ) 1 1 ' c o l l p x ( 1 i ( ) n( ) p e r i l l i ( ) n s \ x ' i t h e i t h c r ' l n c t h ( ) ( 1 i.r r e i e r e n c e c l c n s i t v i s t s t a l r l i s l r c t lt o u h i c l t
t h i . :c l c n s i r r ' o f t l r c c o m l . r r r c t e rpl l r r e n r c n t i s c o r r r p l r c d . T l i e ' 1 i t ' l c lp- r o r l Lr i t ' c l I l \ 1 A i s c ( ) l l t P l t c t c d
-5 Irkrns lirr'\lrrrslr:tll
using tlrc slllc c()rnpilcti\c ellirlt rrscd ilruing tlre ntix rlcsign (e.g. 50 or
( ' ( ) n ) p i t ( ' t i o no r c l e s i g n n u n t l r t r o f g ) l l l t i ( n s l i l l r t l r c S ( l ( i ) l l n ( l t h c l : r l r o r - r r f o nc l e n s i n i s t t t c u s t t r e c l
t u s i n gt l r c l r u l k s p e c i l i c g r l \ i t v t c s t .
In lenrrs ()l specilicxti()n conrpliencc. iln rgcncv c(nllpllrcs tftc in placc ct>te clcnsitl'. or
n L r r l e a rc l e n s i t l l e l t c l i r t g s t. o t h t l e l i ' r ' c r t c cc l c n s i n ,i n t l t c l i l t t t o f l t n t t i o :
In-Place
Densityx 100
Percent
of Laboratory =
Density
LaboratoryDensity
\ \ ' h c n i t h l s b c c n r e r i f l c c l t l l l l t t h c t i c l ( l p r o c l L r c e cnl r i x m l r t c h c s l l r e r r r i x r l t s i g n r O l t t D t t ' l l . t t '
pr()pertics. tlte llrlror;ttr.rryc(nupilcte(l sallples slroukl provirk' tlrt seme ail r oicl contcnt usecl irt
thc nrix rlcsign. Ihis is t,,'1.e : rlilt\ ' f i r u r p e r c e n t . I f l r n i n p l i l c e l r i r -r ' o i c l c r r n t c n t o f l l p c t c e n l i s
clesilecl iirl a mix clcsignecl xt li)Lrr pcrccnt lritls. thc ir.tpl:rce rLrnsin shor-rlclllle 96 pcrccrrt ()f
t h r r c f e r e n c e l e l r o r ' : t t o nc l c n s i t r .
>> Maximum
fheoreticalDensity
'lhc
r t l r x i n t L r n rt l r r o t c t i c a l i l e n s i l r p r o r i c l t s t l i c L r n i t\ \ c i . q l l l o f t l r e r t t i - x t u t cl t s i f i l l c l e c t i t t t -
p u c L e c tl o a z e r o t i r r o i c l c o r t c i i t i o n I ' s i r t g t l r c l l i c ( t ( ' s i l r e l l t ( x l ( A A S H ' IO 1 2 0 9 . . \ S T l l l ) l 0 l l ) .
tlrc nrlxirr.rtLnriheorcticlll clcnsitr ol thc liclcl-proclrrccd rttixtLLrcis <ltti:tntinecl :ls tltc rttt'fcrr(t
r l e n s i t \ ' .T I l e l e l e t i r e c l e n s i l r ' o 1l l r e i r - rp l r c c p u r c m c n l i s u g u i n c u l c u h t e c l r s t l t c r a l i c t r t 1 t i t e r n
p l l c e i l c n s l t v l o l h e l t - f e r e r r rt r l t ' n s i t r . l h i c i r i n t h i s r l s e i s t h c n l t r i n r t u l l l r e ( n - c l i ( ' xal l c n s i t \ ' :
In-Place
Density
x 100
Percent
0f Maximum
Theoretical =
Density
l\ilaximum Density
Theoretical
S i n c e t h e r n x i n r r r r r t l r c o r c t i c e l t l e n s i t r r t l r r c s c r r t si l \ ' ( ) i c l l e s sr t t i x t r - t L cl u. t i r t p l a c e l t i r r o i c l s
c ( ) n t ( ' n t( ) f l J p c r ( c n t r r i l l : r l * e l s l r c 9 2 p e l c c n t o f t h c l e f e r e n r e n l l x i n ) L n l t l r t o t c l i c r t l c l e n s r t t .
r c g a r d l c s so f t l r e n r i x c l e s i g n a i l r o i c l s r u l u e .
'lir
olrtlrin mr:aningfirl resLrlls.the fielcl ploclucecl mixtrue slmplts rttust bc tttrecl t() tlle silrltc
c x t c n t r l s $ t r s c k r n c c l r r r i n gt l r e m i x c l c s i g r rp l o c e s s . 1 1t h c l ( ) ( ) s cn r i x l L [ t ' s r t r t t p l c sl t r c n o t l c ] e
q u l r t c l \ c r L r e ( li n t h c f i e l c l . l l r r t x r g e t n r l x i n r r - r n rt h c o r c t i c l l l c l e n s i t vu i l l l r c l r r t l t i i i r r l l l l o l r l u e t c r
l - \ l ) A ( l C . f . l ' l l \ \ ( l l( ) | i I ( I
Q t . A L I T IC O N T I I ( ) A \llX,\Sl'll\l-T
<
tltt' r-t'llrlivt'lv lou, lrsphult lrbsorptirxr (rcsrilting in grexler lt.rixlrrrevolrrrtte) uhich hlts ()ccurre(1.
I - n t i e r l l r i s s c e n a l i o . t h c i n - p l e c c p l l l r n r c n t r i e n s i t l ( u n r l i t s i r r v e r s e .p a \ ' a ! l ( n t l l i r \ o i ( l s ) c ( ) u l ( l
b e c l c t e l r r r i n c t lt o l r e e c c e p t l l r l c l l r e n i n f u t L . t l r e l c t r - r e lr o i c l s s t l c s r r b s t e n r i a l l t . h i g h e rT' .l r i s s i t
ullti()n c()ul(l lclrtl to prcrnlttrrc J):lvcrr)c1rtclcrcrit>r:rtion. uncl it thcrcfirle illrrstrates llle irllp()r-
lln( c of propcr c rring r>f the tlclcl slmples.
DD ControlStripDensity
T h i s p l o c e s s c l r l l s f i r l t l r c ( ( ) n s t n l c t i ( ) no f a p u v c r n e n t c o n t l r i l s t l i p . r t l s o c l t l l e c ll t t c s t s t r i p . o f
1 l r l ) i n i l l l u n l l c n g t h r l l o n n e g t o f n r i x x t t l r r s t a n o f c u c h p r \ e l n c n t c o r - r r s cb c i n g l l t i c l . ' l h i : r ' o n
l[()] slrip is lllrrl ()l llrc pl\'ing pf()icrt. A nc\ cOntrol stlip shoLrlrl rlso lrc rtrtslrLr.tctl it nltj'rr
c h l n g t ' s i n n r i \ t u f c l ) r ( ) ( l L r c t i o no r l r l a c c n i t n l o t c L u . - \ n L r c k l l c l c n s i t l g l u g ( ' i s r t p i c l L l l v t r s c c ll o
n t ( ) n i t o r t l l c t l e n s i l i c : r t i o r rp r ( x t s s . A n t r i l t l r r c l L t l i n gi s l l L k e n e t ( ) n e ( ) r n t ( ) f c l r c t t i o r t s o n t h c
r n l r t l r t i c l s t r c c c s s i r ep l r s s c su i t l r c l c h r o l l e r ' \ \ ' l r t ' n t l r c n l l \ i n r L l n r c l c n s i t r o f t l r e c ( ) n t r o l s ( r i l ) i s
l t c h i c r c c l . t l t c c o n t p e t l i o n p r ( ) ( c s s i s ( ( ) n r p l ( ' t ! ' .\ l i r x i n r l r r t l t ' n s i t v i s s e i t l t o h r n e b c c n l t c h i c r t r l
\ l r t n t l r r i n , :r ' r : e s ti n c k ' n s i t t r r l t r - 'sr L r c c r - ' s s i r c( ) l l t ' r ' i ) 1 r s s ci 'ss l ( ' s s t l l l r n l ( r l i g n r ' ( l l l ) s i 1 ' ) . ( ) r r t t
s ( ) n r c 1 ) t ] r ( ' r r r l r r r r | : t c | n r i r r r : r lb r t l t c t r g C n r t . - \ 1 i c I c ( ) n r p i l ( t j ( ) no l t ] r t c o n t t . o l s t I i I i s c O r r r p l t t c c l .
l r s P e c i l i c r l r t r r n t b e to l l r L r l ks p c c i l i c g f : l \ i t \ ( ( l e n s i t \ ) 1 c 5 t si l r ( n l t l r s r r r c t l ( ) r ( ( ) r ( ' \ i r l l ) l ( ' s t i r l i c n
l | o n t l . e n c l o r lror t e l i o n s \ i t l r i n l l r t ( ( ) l r t f ( ) sl l f i p l t n t l r r r e | e g t t l l O O l r l l L i n t l r e | c l c l t r r r . ec l c n s r t r . ' l t t
( ( ) r ( ' s l | r l r l s o L r s c t lt o c : i l i l ) f i r t cr h c r r u r L t , r LgIa l r g c r l l u r t l r c r c l c n s i t t a 1 ) n t r o l\ \ i l l r c l r o n l l r c
n L r c l e i l fr ( i l ( l 1 r - 1 g 5 . ' f l tlcr f c l e n c t ' ( ( ) n t r ( ) l s l r i p c l c ' r r s i l tn r r s l l l r t ' n l r e r o r t p t r c t l t o c i t i t c r t l l c l i t l ) ( )
r : l l ( ) r \ ' ( ) r r r i l \ i r r u n r l l r ( o f ( t i ( 1 r l t l t D s i t r o f t l r c l i e l i l p r o i l L r c c r iI I \ l r \ t ( ) t k ' t L ' r ' n r i n (i l ( l ( ' l r s i l i (] l r ( ) n l s
l L r l c ' r 1 L I r 1 r ' i l ni l ( l( ! ' I) t l l I) I( . ] i r t ' n t h o r r g l t i t s r D i r - \ i n r L l rct I r t s i f r \ \ r r s r t t l r i t r c ' t l ( l u r i n g ( ( ) n l f ( ) l s l n l r
( ( ) n t n l ( 1 i ( ) n . r l t i s t l t D s i l r n l i t \ n ( ) t l ) r e t a n l t . l c c l r l a l r l el t ' r e l l i l t ! o o r l l r l l l t n r ( r r r I ) ( r ' f ( ) t ' t r i u r ( ( ] .
S e r c | a l l r r r l o r s r r r n l r f f t ' t 1l l r e r r i r x i n r L L n(rl c n s i t \ l a l l j t V e ( l r l r r | i n g t l r r : P l r r , . t ' n r r n to l l l r t ' t o n l l . o l
s lf i l ) :
. \ g g f ( ' g l l l t g | r L r l riLoln
\ n r () ul r t ( ) f r l r r s l r r ' , . P 1lrrri,:lr-s
\ s p l l t l t l r i n t i t ' r 'r ' o n t t n t
\ I i r l c l r l r r ' r ' rrr-lr l r
\ \ ( ' l l ll l ( ' r t r r n t l i t i o r t s
\rrntlrt'r lntl lr Pt's ol lollt'r':
\ l r r l t ' r ' i : lrrl c ' n t ' : r l ll lrr ( ' ( ( ) l l 1 f ( ) lt f i l )
'l
l r c r o r I I I r j r I r r t i o ror l r r l l t l r c l e l c l c r r c r c l l r L r t o l s r r r r r s tl r c t o n t l o l l e r l c l u l r r t gt l r t c ( ) l l s t r L r ( 1 i ( )(l)l J i r
( ( ) n 1 r ( ) ]s l r i l ) \ l a r t i l r l r l r r o
l n o l o n t ' o r l l ( ( ) r l l ) i l l L l i ( ) r ro 1 l : r t l o l s r l L r l i n g p l o c l r r c t i o n p l r r i r r g s l t o r r l c i
n ( ) l l ) t i l l l ( ) \ \ ' e ( 1I.t i s l r l s o i l l r p o r t l l n t t h r r t t l r r : n i r r t e r i l r l( ) r l ) l l \ c n r c n t , r ' ( ) r r r sler r - n e l L t ]l rl r r t o n t [ o ]
s t l i p l r e e s s c n t i l t L Llrl t r s a l t c l r s l l r t l t ' n l L i n r l c r o f l l r r ' l r l t ' l r t o l r r ' p l n t ' c i .
( ) n c t ' e n r r c c t ' p l : L l r l t ' ( ( ) n t f\ (t )r li l ) h r r sb c c r r o l r t l r i n c c ls. i n c r ' l h c i n - p l r r c ct l c n s i n i s t x r r r l l v t l r c
r r t ( ' r ( ' n ( ( ' c l c n s i t rt.t P i i r r l l r 9 f i t ( ) l ( X ) l ) c r c c n t( ) l t l l c r ( 1 i r ! n ( ( r l c n s i l r i s r h t ' t l c s i r c i l ] \ ( ' r i l g c r l l r
g r l ( l c n s i l v c l r r r i n gc o n s t n r c t i o n . . { l s o . i n c l i r i d u a l l c s t r e s L r i t ss l r o L r l t lt r 1 : r i c l r l l rb t r r o l c s s t h u n 9 5
l.' "/, l\'ti, |ll ' 'l Ilr t. rq, ,lr -itr.
DD Beleren
ce Density
Speci Ii cations
S e t i s f l L t t o n ' I ) J \ c n r e n tp c l l i r l n r l n r c l e s t r l t i n g l i o n t i r t L r s eo i r u r r l r . ' l e r e n c t c l t n s i t v s p e c i l i c l t
t i o n c l e ; r c n r l so r r s l r rl t f : r c l o l s e s :
3
%ol
Laboratory
Densily 96
=i,l ,l
99 94 6
okol
ControlStrip 98 93 1
0ensity
'ttt.... .: r.r'.
:9,,,:.,,,,
9S 96 91 10
Densilies
Relerence
l:igLn'i,
% olMaximum In-Place
Theorelical
Density AirVoids
100 -0
2
%ol
Laboralory 97 3
0ensily
:i.. ,,.:.:.,
. l a r a : : 1_ r ' . : : r r ' : .
9S 95 5
98 s4 6
%ol
ControlStrip 97 s3 1
Density
' 't ':
t00,1 ts , :l ' : : i , : . . : 9 2 : , 1 . . : a',8
s9 91 10
Relerence
0ensilies
:-
W <)tALItf c()\TR()t..{\t) ACclpt\\cF. ()irH()'t i\llX,\Spn^t-l
7
o oo l M a x i m u m ln-Place
Theoretical Densily A i rV o i d s
'100 0
'1
9S
9 "o l
Laboratory 98 2
Density
100 97 3
99 96
98 95 5
97 94 6
%ol
ControlSkip 96 93 1
Dersity
100 L* 95 92 I
Eeference
Densities
'
. . , , , . ,: , i t i I , : ' r ' l : : t:.i i , : i : : i t ltt'lirtrll.lt'!iit,!tl:l
4
Qt -l.LI1\' (.()\lltol- ()f Il()T \llX ASI'tlAI-1
,\\l) 1C.(.1-.P1r\N(l1l
-
Illrsttl on the prescnr knollrclge of pl:rnt ploclLrction;Lnclp:rverrenl
Sunmary l r t ' l r l v i o r 'r.l r r ; r i i t v< r n t l o l n r L r sltr t : r r t i l i z e ct l( ) r r l l n a g ct h , . 'p l o ct s s o f
lsplirtlt nrixtrrlr Ptocluctio|r i|r orcler to nrinirrrize thc \llrirl)ilitv l)ct\\ecn nrix clesign go:r1ss,-t irr
t h r ' l a l r r r a t o n e n c l u c t r r : i ln r i x r c s l r l r se c h i e r e c l i n t h c p l x l t t .
A s t r l t i s t i ( x l l vl r a s e c ls e n r p l i n g l r n c l t c s t i n g p r ( ) g n r n rl i r r c l u l l i t v c ( ) n t r ( ) l( l ( ) c s n ( ) t e l i l l r i n e t e t h r
ncccl liI lrrlctlulrte agcncV fielrl insprction. OlNiouslv clctcctive lnllterixls sliorLlclbc c()nsi(lcrc(l
f i ) r r e j c c t i ( ) n .c r e n t h o L r g ht h c \ , r n i l V n ( ) t n c c e s s i l r i l vb c c f r o s c n 1 o r t c s t i n g t r n c l c r t h c c l r L l r l i t v
lssLrrlrlce process. Iror exanplc, suppose l sr-rbkx is cicflnecl lrs cor.rtrlining 1000 lnetric kxrs
( l l 0 0 t o n s ) o l I I \ l A e n c l l l r e t n r < k s c l t ' l i v t ' r i n gt h ! ' n r i x t ( ) T h c p r ( ) j c c t i r r c i r \ ' ( ' n r g i n g2 0 n r ( ' t n ( t ( ) n s
( 2 2 t o n s ) p c r l o a d . I f t h c s p c c i l i c l t i o n s r e c l u i r e o n e s l r n r p l e( ) 1 - I I N I Al ) e o l r t l r i n e t l l i r c l u l r l i t r c o n -
tr()l tcsting pcr strlrirx. there is onlr u 294 chance thxt lr)\. sir.rglctlr-ir'k loecl *otrlcl be choscn firr
t e s t i n g . A p r o p c r l t t n r i n c c l f i t l c l i n s l ) e ( t ( ) rl o L r l c l r r c e c lt o h a v e t h e a u t h ( ) r i t \ t o r c c o r n n r c n c lr c j c c -
tiiin ol-tleiecti|e kracls of H\lA regr|clless of *lrrtlrer ()r rx)t tlle\ ure inclucLcciin the tcsr results.
A <lettr.tivc loacl rrortltl hltrc one or rnole olrvioLrs r isual cleterls. srrch as conlltrttinati()n. c-\ccss
asphalt. scverc segrcgiltk)n or ll temperllLlre clt,fit iencl.
'lhc
in plrrcc ail l<.liclsol the IINTA lfier conrpuction is prolralrlv the sir.tglenr()sl inrportllnt
lltctor-in thc ucceptxn(c procccltrrc thllt rllects perfirrnrance of the nri,tturc thror.rgh<.rut thc lifl'of
thc l)ltvrnlcnt. Ikrlever. spccif'r'ing colnl)llcti()n is not sulllcient lil cnsLrling thc sr-rcccssofu
pr\ ing proje( l or cnsrrling a clurablc. krng lesting pxvcmrnt. (i)nrplcti()n spccitications urc thc
lirrrtl step in llrr l()txl clrllr]itt' lrssLLr1Incc ()1 the IINIA c()nstnlcti()n 1lr'ocess.l)(rpcr mi-r clcsigrr.
l)r(xlu(ti()n. riualitl control. c()nstrLlction lncl rl( cel)t.lncc procccluLrs nrLlst l)c intcgriltccl sithin
tlle proje(1 recluirerrents t() echie\c lt clrlriitr protlucl.
liglre8.01kgregutcrl
Ikrt\lir \splialt
Parcrncnt
incrclse in th(] l)cf(cnt ()l rllirtcriirl plrssirru tlrr l) 0-5 rrll (\r). lllo):ir'rc rrnrl ir c()rrfsl)()r(lin!
t L c c r c r t s ti n l t s p l r r r l t( ( ) n t ! l r t . l h ( Lrst o l s L L l q t ' l u r r :
l l o t t q r ' l r i n s i t t r t t ' r t s i ' r lt.l t l u t ! c ' s i t t l t l r t t t l s
( x ( l r r r e ( 1 .l r r r l t l L L r . l i i n gi n r r t e s c c l . \ t ' g l t ' g e t i o r r i s l t ' c e i r i n g r r i k I i t i o r r r L. rI t l ( ' n l i ( ) ni l l l l r i s l i l l t l i ) f
g<xlcllt'eslltl:\gt,tltit,slLt.crlt,tlletltlitlg.Lr1tlitillrlltl
>>Typesof Segregation
'l'lrt
n l ( ) s l ( ( ) n l r r ( ) n t V p t ' s o i s t ' g | t ' g t r l i o nl r r c
>> Segregation
froubleSpots
S c g r c g : r t i o nn l r v b c c r r r r s e cbl t r h c n r c t h o t i s r r s e c li n u g g l e g u t e l r e n c l l i r t g .l l r ' r ( i n n r i \ i n g . s l ( ) r
i n g . l L n s p o r t i n gl r n c l h r L n t l l i n gt h ( ' n r i \ . \ \ ' h ( ' r ( ' l r t o n c l i t i o r . ti s c l e : t t e t l t h r r r t l r r r r r s n o n l r t n c l o r t tc l i s
t r i l ) L r t i o no l - L I r c l g g l c g e L t s i z e s . \ i e r s o f r c s e l r t l r u r t c l o b s c n l t t i o r t h l n e s h o l n l l r i t l \ ( ' g r ( ' g -Ili () 1 1
r I | ( , \ l' ' l l ( r l ' , ( ( u r \ . r l t l r | . l , ' l l ,' r r i l t \ l i l i ( ' \
. t r l i x c l e s i g n( l t s a l r t c t o l i n s e g r e g l t i ( ) n I ) ( ) t e n t i l r l )
. A g g r c g x t e ) r a n c l l i n gl n c l s t o c k p i l i n g
. I I \ 1 A p l x n t p r o c l u c t i o n .s u c h t s u t t l t e :
A. Coltl bins: knrling urrcl icecling
[]. Hrx lrirrs
(1.I)nrrl rttircl oprrel ions
[). ] I()t ele\ irtof
I i . I r u g n r i l lI ) i n g l r l r s
l:. Surge uncl stonrge lrins
(i. l)iscllrrge s\ ster)rs
. ' l i L r c k i n . q ( ) p c f l l t i () n s
r l r e re l o p e r e l i o r r
Tlrele nrry lrc otlrel st:rgcs. lrrrt thesc flvc :lre the m()sl (1)mnr()n ancl cun reeclih. lrc cletr-ctetl
l r n c l c r r r r c t t e c i .\ \ o r n ( ) r i n r p r o p c r l r ' : r l r i n t a i n c r l m i x i n g e n c l p a r i n g e r 1 rr i l . r t t e ' r rat l s o l c r t c l sk ) p r o l ) -
Itnrs in hanclling ancl plucing thc ulix. A ttchniciurr crrn ljsrr:rllv i(lcnlifl segregxtion lLnclrlrr.rntr-
lrit1.rilltlil1lc.\tfilcti()I]lttlltlrsis''I.helcqr.rileclilsphllltc()ntcnttlfllllli-r
thc srrrflrct erelL of thr xggrcglitc - thc flner tire rnir. the lar.qcl tlre srrlf:rtc ;Lleu. ancl tlre glelttcl
()r:rr()r\rrxASprrAr-r
,naro,',rr\rr()N
F
llnl()unt of ilsphlLlt require(i to coxt tht irggrcgxtt. 1'lris rellrrionship crrn cletc'trttine\\'hethtr tllc
-l
r n i - \ s e g r ( g i l t c ( l b e l i r l c o r l r l t c l n r i x i n g . h c r r h i l i t r t ( ) p i n p ( ) i n t t h e s c l u r c t o f t l t e s e g r e g l t t i o nr r i 1 1
n r i n i n r i z t l r o r l s o f r e v i r n u r r r k 1 o s o l v c t h r p r o l r l c r u . l ) e t r r i I t l t ' r l L l t l t t i o r t sc l o n c i n t h t l l l r o t a t r r
n arc rie-scrilrecl ir-rthe srcti()r-r.I)iItIx)itI||)1.q\(.!t-(',!(!|i|)|t.
'Ihc
p ( ) t r n t i x l i i r l s e g r e g a t i o ni n I I i U A i s i n c r c a s t c l l t r ' :
i A k r u c r ; L s p l l r l t ( ( ) n l e n t n l : r k e s t i r e r n i x p r o n r t c ) s e g r e g x t i ( ) n .r c g l r c i l t s s o f i t s g n t t l l t t k t t t .
L o s r t l t s p h l l t ( ( n t e n l s a l e o l i e n l l l c r c s u l t o f t r t ' i r r g l o u r h i e r e l o l r t n r c t r i c p r ( ) p e r t i c s .s t - t c h . r s , L i r
r r r i t l s . b t r ' ; r n i n g t h e l L s p l l x l t( ( ) n t c n t . A l o \ \ ' \ ' N , 1 4 i n t l r e a g g r e g l t t es t r l l ( t u r e 1 n ( l x l l i g h p c r c e n t
Irgr of nratclial plssing thc 0.0r5nlnr (\(). 200) sieve \ill lestrlt itt u Io$ lslthrtlr c()ntcnl. tnci
Voids
in Mineral vs.Asphalt
Aggregale Content
s
=
14
13
Ac(%)
\lL\lrrt
5{}i l\pr::rJ
l:inrrr
Size(mm)Baised
Sieve to 0.45P0wer
'\l:t'i'lilil
t tli i't:l-l.rr':trlrri
l'rttl:'t t,l.ll:ltirl1r,ilJ\1I
: \ g o o r l r r r l l i o c l t o l n l r l t z c , l t r l j x i i t l c o l t c s i o n i s t o o l r s e r r r - s: l t e r c t l t e l t s l > l t l t lrl r r n t c n t t l t l l s
o r l t l r c \ ' \ l A c L l f \ e . l : ( ) r r l i i \ i n r L l n t c o l r c : i o n . r r , h i l c n l t i n t l t i n i n g e n t , l r r s i i tn r i r t L u t . 1 1 i e e s P l u r l t
t o n l c n t s h o r r l c ll r t ' s l i g l t t l i 1 o t l t c l c f t o i t l t r n t i n i n t r r r n\ , \ 1 . { i r r l u c .
F i g L r | t , S . 0 - i2l l r t s t | r t t c sr r l t P i r r r l V I I . , \ ( u r \ r . l l t c n t i n i n t l r n t \ ' \ 1 . \ t r r l L r r ,o ( ( L r r i l t . l . - I ) c r ( e n t
'lllc
l l s l ) l l r l l t( ( ) t t l t r r t ( \ ( i ) < l t s i g n A ( i s ] t ( ) r r l cri ] ( 1 1l r t ' r n o I ( t h r l l r o r r c l ] l r l f o l o n e l ) c l c c ] t 1t ) . ; ' ! , )
les: tltett tltr.'ltsltlltlt ( ( n . t l c n l c r) r ' r c ls) (i r t c l i n gl o l l r t ' r r i n i r r l r n r \ ' \ l A r r r l L r t , .l l r i s i s o n l r r r n r l e o 1
l l t L t t t t l r .r t r t c li l s l r o r t l i l l r c l r y r p l i t r l s i t h c o r r r n r o ns r r r s t , r r l i c r c r l r l L l r l i n g c a c l t l t i r t L r r r ' . I . i r l t t r L c n c e
] t e s s l x r t r r t l l t r t l t u i x l t t r r . ' sr r i t h e s ; r l r : r l (t \ ) n t ( n l s l r c i o l t l r i s r t r l L r el t r e l o ' , r i t t t o l t t , s i o r r t r n r l l r l e
J ) l ( n l e l ( ) s t g r c q l l t c . ( , o r t r r - ' r ' s r - l r . l t s l t l t eriul i r l r r r c s r r i t h l t c l t , s i g n , \ ( l t r l r o r t t l t c r r r l L r cc o r . r . c s l t r t n t l
i n g l o t l t t : r r l i r r i r r r L u\r t\ 1 , \ t r i l l b e o r t r r L s P h r r l t t cr lr n t l c : r n l e s L r l li n l r P l r r s t i cn t r x t t r l c l ) l ( ) n ( ' i ( ) t l t
l i n g i L l r ( 1s l r o r i r r e .
, \ r r ( ) J ) t i r l l L r r t : rl ) l r i l l t c o n t c r - l lL r s i n gt l r c s c g L r i c l e l i r r t s : r r r rFl i g L r l t E 0 2 u o L r l c l l x , l ) ( , f \ \ ( L , n + . 2
l u l c l t . - p ( ' r c c n l . I l o u c r e r ' . t l t r ' l ( ) \ \ ( l l i n t i l c I r e s n o l l r r t r t r l t , c , n o r r g l ta s l t l t a l t l o u i v c 1 ] t t n l i \ 1 t ( 1 e -
( l L t l l l e( 1 ) l l ( ' s i ( )llut r t l r l t r L r l t i l i n I l 1 l t t , r l t ' s i u nl i r \ ( ) i ( l : ,( s r r t l t l L s r . ( l ', ) i n ( l i ( l t t c s : r rlrt s l t l t t r lrt. O D l t , r t t
i r t ( ) r n e i l r + . 1 l ) c f ( c n 1 . l l l ( , l l i \ l u l ! s l l r L r l c ll r t r e c l t ' s i g n c cul 5 l l t g l l l i l t ( , t i i l ll r t l t l e s s l i r r c s .
'I
l t e c r t t r t i n l r i g t l r ( 8 ( l i s l l ( J \ \s i l t \ l ) l ( i l l f ( ' l i r l i ( ) n s l r i pl r c t r ,c, c n \ ' t r 1 : \ e n c l r r s l t h l l t t o r . l c l t t o f r r
n l i ' t t r t t c \ i 1 1 t : L l t i g l t l t c r c c n t r t u co l r t t a { e I i ; LPl l r s s i n gt h e o l ) - 5 r r r ( \ < l . - 1 0 0 1s i e r c ' l ' l t t ' l o \ \ I ) ! i n t
o f t l l c t L t t r t ' i s t h t ' c l i t i t l ] p o i n t o 1 t l r e r r i r t L r r t ' I h i s l l ( ) i r ) lj n ( l i ( l l l t s t l l c V l t l u c( ) 1 \ ( l t l t i l l ( J r l r l g c s
t l l ( s t l l t e o l t l t t ' n t i x t r t t t l r r r r r t ' l l t s t i ct o p l e s t i , : l r ( ) r n l l l - \ i n l L r n cl o l r t ' s i o r ro f t h c r t r i r t r r c silltrtrrt
t t t : t l i i t t ct l t c r t t i x t i | | c p l l s t i r t l r e e s p h l r l t c o ] . r l t n t s h o u l ( l b r - ,n t r r r t l t t n t e x i n t r r n ro 1 t l t e + . 2 t L . + , .-
l)cr( rnI r|lnge.
l l t s c r t t i x l t t t e sr r i t l t l t r t t e x i n r L t r n : l g g r r g x t rs i z c o f 5 0 t ( ) 1 5 r n r ( - 2t o i i n c l r c s ) : r r c s r t i n g
grelllcr Llst. Ir.reclclition. s()rl)e agcncics hrtvc incrcescrl thc nLr\inrulil sizc r>f surtuct' :rnci iDtcr
lllc(liltlc c()tlrses itr ttrdcr lo incrcltsc lcsisll[rce t() ftLtting. As llrr dittf|cncc ltclueen tllc ll.l\i-
llltllll ilncl lllilrillltllll size in a ntir increasr:s. thc tcndency k) segreg:ltr increltses. l,tr!l(' st{)ne
l . t i x ( . rl r r l l r ( i r r ) . l t u f r . 1 s 1 . sg 1g q . g . 1 1 iP, r1n, r 1 1 1
Anothct l:rotcrtrialcause rtl segregati.xr in IINIA clue lo its rnix clesigr.ris thc gracletion. Vrlren
arl xggregxte glrl(leti(n is near the c()xrse limit ()f its specifi('ati(.rn.or u,hen ir is gap-greclecl,the
()Frro'r'Nlrx
,o.r*,,.r^1r()\ AsprAL'
F
Coa|se
Aggregale
FineAggregate
l ) ( ) { e n t i l t lf o r s t g r e g l t i t i n i s i n c r c l t s c c l .( l ( ) l r s e r i L g g r e g : r t cg r i l d l l t k ) n s l r r e o l t e n s o r r g l r l i l n ( l t l t c s r
s()lll('tilllcs result in geP greclecl rttixtLrres.t'igLLrciJ.0J sho\s lr gllp graclecl aggtcglrte gr:l(lxri()lt.
'l
he ltsc of rlggregatc blcncls n itlr cliverse specific glr\ itics ol- tlre rrrlrser lLncllincr llatcritls
ltlso intr()ciuces llte potcntirl lbr segrcgati<xr ()1 HNlA. Nli.\tLrresu'itlr tlris pr()pcrt\ tencl to scgr(-
gxte during ntixing :rntL hlnclling clrre to the (lifferences ir.ru.cight of thc puniclcs. 'l-ltis is lt.rlrie
ltlarlv truc if the coarsc aggregtte hes a higirc.r spccilic glrvitr'.
SEL]ITE(IAI]ON
OF IIOI.i\,IIXASPITAI,T
<
Avoiding
Segrcgation
in Production
|| AggregateHandlingand$tockpiling
Stockpiling rggreglle pri()r t() usc alloss <irainrtge ()l \\lter liorn the xg.qrcgxtc t() titke pllce.
\\'itlr sLrch clrrinege. thc stor.kpilc lrggrcgxtr llr()istLrrc(()nter.rt:lppr()ilches u unifirrm clistlilrLttion.
rn(l c( )ntr()l of tlrling timc in thc HXIA plant is llciljtrrtctl. NI:rn) irgl-aregetcpllnts stockpilc l))
t[Lnrping fiour u truck:rnci pushing ilggrcgiltc piles \\'itll t|ack n,pc clozcls, rtrb]rer-tire clc>zers.or
frrrnt-cnrl lolrck:rs. So:rrc illc st()ckpilcd with stlcking ( olrvcy()rs tlLlt r()trte. A single cone skrck
pile coulcl result in tlrc highest varietion of graclatior.rdue k) segregrtkrn. Figrrre 8.(Ii illLrslrates
t l l c s e g r e g ; r l i ( ) nt l t l l o c c L r l si n t h i s t v p e o f s t o c k p i ) e .
S c g r t : g a t i o no c t L u s n i r h n r ( ) \ ' e n r c l l tl r n t l t h l t r g h v i l ) r x t i ( ) n .T h i s i s t h e c r t s t u h c n t l r l l s p , , r t i n g
lrillcri:rl on the prlnlut' c()nvc\'()l' bclt. ls thc fincr nrlltcrixl ntoves dounulircl to thr: lrtlt strr
fucc. FigLrrc 8.0i sho$s thilt prinrxr) c()nvc\'()r trl]jcctor) gcncnrtcs rr segregrting el-fect. As tirc
c()ltrscr l)ilrti(lcs erc tlrrust firrtlrer uwat fionr the lrcacl puller'. thc llncr plrrticles df()p ()ut cl()ser
t ( ) i t . A s t h c l r e i g l r t o l t l r e c o n e o f t l r e s u l g e p i l e i n c r e a s e s .t l l e c ( ) l r s c r p l r r t i c l c st c n c l k r r o l l e n c l
slirle ro the l)erinrcter ol the pi1e.
Scgregltk)n bcconres lll()re pr()r.l()unceclas the hciglrt ol l stockpilc lryrpr'oachrs its pexk.
Scl)xrxti()n ol-aggrcgate pxrli(les (iln (x(Lrr r.r'lren tlte rggregxtc lllls lr grclt (listlncc ff()nr lllc
(()nvev()r lo the stockpile. ancl clcgreclatkrn can trke place es tlre falling lggrcgltc strikes the
stockpile . ll()tll clur lrc mininrizccl bv kceping the stockpile at a lriglr lcr el or lrt the r-rscof
Iroom stackers that cen bc acljrrstccl\ crticall\" t() c()ntr(t rhe hcillht of flll. Anotlrcl n)etlrod ()l'
br.rilciin.qcxtrcmclv tlill stockpilcs \\'ith stetionrn conve\'()r:i is lrr. thc use ol-an aggrcgltte lltclclcr
rs slror.r'nin l;igLrre 11.05.llre lrclcler henclles segrcgation 1rv keeping the pr().lLrct hourr>gcncorLs
'l'hc
fir>m thc hclcl prrllct to the i)oint o1 stockpiling. rlnrvninck to using llre luclcler nrer. be in
:rn incrclsecl tenclencv to clcgllcle thc nrxterixl.
Stockpiles t ur.rbe lruilt pltperll,. u'illr nrirrinrrrr.nsegregxtk)n. by cncl-clumping thc eggrcg.ttc
lhrnr trucks to firrrl piles tl)rt rre (nl\' one laver deep. An exlmplc of this opcntion is shou n
in Figure 8.06.
Stockpilcs ol sir.rglc-sizelrections f(n intern.rediatc lnci srLrllrccrnixcs are less scnsitive to sc-g-
rcgxtior]:ln(l clcgraclation. Segregarri()nis rechr<ctl beclusc the nrlxi rLllI size is lcss lrncl tbe retio
of lurgel t() snrxller sizes is decreased. I)egratlati<xr has ireen reclucecl beceust of the inhcrenl
lrtncficietion thet hes occurrcrl ciuring thc pr()ccssing to rr smrilcr lrg.qrcgxfe size. llenei iciurit.rn
nrav bc clefinccl ils thc rcnr()\'rl ()r pll-tilll clcstluction ol clclctcliorrs mltrrixls nithin thc rtggre-
gxtc 1)afilclc.
A frr(ti(xrllting pLrnt is clesigneclto pr<x'icle seprrlrte aggrcgltc pilcs $ itlt a given pile hur''ir.rg
ncalll' cclual xllgrcgalc sizes. A liaction:lting plunt js one of thr l)cttcr pr'ocessing llternrtives tirr
controlling scgregeti()n. Illencling thc rlrious sizc lggrcgatrs together et the l()ad()ut p()inl in thc
hot rni.r rsphllt plunt rrrinirnizes tlre ef-fect of segregatkrn ancl helps k) xchicvc thc clesirccl prorl
Llct sl)ecificllti(n.ts.Toclut. rrrost (()n(ract(xs rrse firur ol rttore colcl leetl bins t() pr()\ide grciltcr
cllrltlitV control llt tlieir II\1A plants. Singlc size llggregutL's pror icle grcltter qurlit\ c()ntr(t l)ut
t c c l r . r i Lrcr o r c c o l c l l c c c l b i n s . I t i ' n , ' t L r n L i ' | l r r ' , n t , , \ L L L r l . t)( ) s i x ( ) r s c \ c l l c o L c lb j n s u s c r ] l I
s ( ) n r ec o n t r e c t ( ) r s .u n c l t h o s c w h o c l o . n o n r n l l r t r s e s i n g l c s i z c . r g g r c g . r r c rt , ' n r i n i r r i z r - s n , t k p i l e
clte(Is.
ln sunlnllr\'. tall coniclrl sk)ckl)ilcs ()i aggregates siror-rlclbc lrroirlccl bcclrrrsc c()llrscr pxrticles
lencl to roll cloun tlte sicics of thc piie. Stockpilcs rclnstrLr(1ecllx lavers or nlilterirl inclincs titlr
lcss th:tn J0 percenl slopes are prrtcrrccl. l.eclging tlre stotl<pile is rlso ur.t excellent wlv t() urini-
nrize scgrellation xt this stxgc. Constructing stockpiics on a harcl tounrlation prolicle's clr:rinege.
irelps to retlucc scgrcg:lti()n. ls l. e'll rrs c()ntlr.rir.lltion of the mincml lggrcgxtc. :rncl is consicl
rltcl srxrcl Drecticc
()Frror rrrxASpH,\r-l'
,,,a,n,r,;.\rr()\
F
l:tllff )i !li, llirilrrti,rt:tlii.;ltil'lltir;rl'ilr
>>HMA PlantProduction
Cold Bins Chlrngt,s in aggr(,girt(' supplr' untl eclr-ripnrcnllccluilc tlrc klttlcl opt'mlot to ltc
'l
n t o r c c o t r s c i o r r so f e c l r r i p n r c n t( ) p e l l t i ( ) n . h c r r l r n n e r i n u l r i t l r t h c c c l t t i p n r e n tc n t ( r s t h c s t ( ) (k
pilc encl rperates ciln clLrse srgre.qxti(n in u stockpilc or in lt lolti ol ntrttt'tiltl. Thc loarler opcr'-
i L t ( ) rs l r ( ) L l l (llr e a l c l t l i r l l r o t h s c g r c g e t i o n e n t l r ' : u i a l t l e r t ) ( ) i s t L l r tco t r c l i t i o n s .
\lrrleli:rl phc ecl ir.r colcl bins ll lr kliriel .qenellLllr le n(ls t( ) li )rnr lr rrrr.ticltlshltpc. ancl crxu'sc
l g g l r g : t t e s c : u r s e l ) l l u t e l l t t h i s p o i n t b , , r o l l i n g c l o s n t l r t ' r r r n i t : L l s i c l e s .( ) r l t l t c i ) t l t c r i l t n r l . t l l c
nirtrrr(' of tlrt nteteliel cl r Onto the colcl ii'ccl bclt ellorrs rt,r't't:t'cotritr,q l() occlrf. Iitvcrsc (()n
i n r - :i s r r l r e r e r r r a l s e r r r a t c l i l i ll l l L s t o t h e n r i t k l l e o i t h t ' t o l c l l r i n . l t n t l i l c l n l c l t c l r o s c g r c g a t i r r nt , n
t l t e l t e l t r r n c lt l t l o t r g h t h e l r s p h l L l tp l l r n t . ( ) n c s o l L r l i o ni s t ( ) i l i l c t i ( ) n i r l et h c l t g g t c g a t t r r n ( ) t l l c r i 5 t ( )
k e t p t J t t b i n s t r s f i r l l l r n c l l t ' r ' c l r s p o s s i l r l e .\ t , t r L n o t h c rs o l L r t i o ni s t ( ) u t i l i z c s t l f l c l i t - r i n g l r o t -
tonrs. shich lrlkrn tor l nrolt r-rnifirrnrtrcrling oi thc colcl lLggregltteltll ltlong llte oltcnittg ot
t h e c o l c l l e e c l l ) i n . c l i n r i | r i l t i n gb | i c l g i n g i l \ l l ( ) L l r ( e( ) 1 - s c g l r g u t i o r r(.] o l c l l t i n s r t r e o i l e n c r l t r i p p c c l
uith u vilrmtorr rlericc to hclp proricle ir \clf-lrvelinll (flir(t.
,rol Srhs Ilirtch pllnt lr()t lrins rrrt, plor.rt r() srglcgxlc lx tltc screcning process tl thc tttincr;Ll
lrggrel]ate. Screcning ilcti(n Ii)rces (().lrs(r lrggr('gllc k) thc tlr siclc of tlte ltitt ltncl cleltt's e pro-
n o u r - t c r r il ) l l t t c n t . f f ( n l t i n c t r > c o u r s c . r l t t l l c i n l e l s ( r ( c D ; r s s h \ n i t t f i s u r c f j . 0 - T l t i \ P r l t t e r i r
'l
results lrotrr trro flrctors: ht $lrt in uhlclr tlrr llggfugiitr tk^r's rrcross lhc sctccn: ltntl llte tcrr-
clrnc y firl the llner rrrlrteri:rlto slirle rk;s n thc ncrr sit|: of thc bin. This prrccss. if ltii Ltnconect-
'li)
ccl. l'iLl allou sp()ttv scgregati()ll t() ()ccur. corrcct this. b:rflle plltes crttt bc instlrllttl ()n the l)in
uttlls to renrix nllrtelill ls it cntcrs the bins. F]en $itlt thc scrccning tlLrl tlte\ pcrfitrtu. l)iLtclr
plenl lrot lrins clo not firllt cc>lrcctscgrcgxti( )n fronr porx srockpiling or trrlcl lcetl oPcreti()tts.
()l II()'l\11\ISPIIALT
s|(;ltE(-;rfl()\
<
/)
Massol f i n em a t e r i a l
Balfle minimizes
segregation
Drun Mixet 0penliOts In clrurn rrix phnls tlrerc lre no hot bins. Stockpilescrn lt consici
crccl tirr:ir cclrriveltnt.anrl thcrc is r.rochlnce of scgrcgatcclnratcriulrcmixing bcfi>rt the intr()
c l u t t i o n o f e s p l r a l tb i n c l e r .
Segleguti(m o c c t r l si n t i r e r l l L r r uc. s y r e c i l r l lrtv h t ' n s T a l t i n ga n r l s t o p l l i r r gp r ( ) ( l u ( 1 j ( ) n( l.u e t ( )
t h e ( ( ) l r s c n r l l r l i a l t 1 o r . r ' 1 tnhgr o r L g ht h c < i r u n rl t l s l i g h t l vt l r s t c rr i l t ( ' t h u n t l l e f i n r n r r t e r i x l
I T r x v r v c r .t h i s i a n b c e l l c ' , i a t c cl l ' u c l j L L s t i n tgh e s t : t r t i n ga n c ls t o P p i n gt i r r ( ' s o f t h c n r i r t e f i a l isn
thc colcl bins. Kickblck lligirts ol l clrrrr crn lre insLelleclin u cllurrrl() retrlr(ltlte llorr uncl thcre
j r l i n c r e e s et l t e r r t i x i n gL i r n e l.n u c l c l i t i o nt .h c m i x i n g l i n l e ( a n l r e i n c r c u s c cl lr t e x t e n c l i r . t igr c
l u s p h e llti n e f n r t l r e li n l o t l r c c l n r n ro r - b v c l c c r c : r s i ntgl r r c l r L r r sr l o p c . A n i n c r e e s ei n t l l c n r i r i n g
tillte increasestlie asplralt(\)xting ()f tire xggrcgetcancl tlrerebl tlre (()llcsion of tlre nri:i. This
reciuccsthc p()tentiullirr segregation.
N'llcn the rttix is clisclralgerlfrom tlre cLurn.the colrse lncl tlre fine pertitles lencl lo flou to
oppositt siclcsof tlic clischergechute. It this scgregetedmeteri:rlch'opscLircctl,,on r convc\'or
travcling c.rnthe linc ol the drunr. tlre mix rr ill rernuir.rseglegatecl(Figure iJ.0lJ)ell the \\'lv t() the
srirgc bin. Instullationof u fixeci pkxr' 1n the clrLrnr(|igr-rIe1J.09).o[ titheN.isr restriclingt]rc .lis-
chargc of thc mix to e srnallerereu lill clecreasethis segregxti()n.Als().setting the clnrgconvcl-
()r xt 90.Icllrccs to thc clru r clisclurge (Figu|e li.10) uill elirninrtt- or Lcdrrccsegregiltion.
'l
HotElevatot ypicelll'. esphalt mixes lre clisr:hargecl from the llixing unit ancl pllcecl in
surge or st()regebins in two u':r1's:clragslat ancl r'onveyol lrc1t.To pllce metcrial in tl)e storilge
i)in \\'ithout segregati()n.thc spccd of thesc s;'stcmsmtrst lrc balanced r,r,'ithor"rtputtonnagc. A
snrall amount of material on e last bclt u'ill segre'gatcu'hcn it tLlml)lesrs it trlr'cls up the hot
clcr.rtor, and $hcn it is placed. ()r (:rst. into the bin. Coersermaterixl \\'ill l)e cast to the far siclc
of thc clrop chutc or .nv other cleviceinstalleclto funnel rnlterial int() the l)in.
p ()Frr()Tlirx AspHAr.T'
,u,,t*0.;ATro)i
t
lncreased
LJnitormity
\ | ( l l l l( l \ l l ( ) \ ( ) l l l ( ) l \ l l \ \ \ l ' j l l \ l . l
<
lt t
/
Hotelevator ,./
,/
,/Tf\
K i c k b ap
c kl a t e
plates
._------ Kickback
T r u clko a d ewd i t hm u l l i p l e
dropa i ndt h e
s sd i s c u s s e
seclion on Truck Loading
andUnloading
Pugnill and Bin GalSs l)ist llLlgc g:rte oprnings on pLrgnrills :tre clittt rcn( frorn llrose ()n surge
iln(L st()r:rge lrins. IiLlr lr plrrnt pugmills clrptv lll thc urix in x singlc (lrop. l hcir grrtr s ()pcn Vcrl
uiclc anci ellos :L stnright clrop into thc truck. lltrcks usecl ir.rlxrtch plant openltions hx\c tni(li-
tionellv becn snr:lllcr rn(l hur c thcleiire limitecl the c()ning effe( t ir.rloacling. Bir.rclischerge gutes
thilt slicle open siorl lt' rrllol srmc clribblc e1-lectlt the ()p('ning :rncl closing m()alc. This is c()nr-
n r ( ) n t ( ) l ) ( ) t l l t l l c i ) l l ( l l e n c l c l r u n t n t i - \ p l l l n t s t l l l t u s c s L l t g e( ) f s t o r l l g e l ) i n s .
Se.,e rel getr moclels lrlc in rrse on strrge ancl storlge bins. Tlret vlrn fi)nl rc(txr.lgular to
rouncl. anrl cltn incluaLc-plxtes ltncl iraft'les. Gatcs llre r c()mnr()n spot xt \\'lri( lr segregxli(n.l
()ccurs. \LlnV xge nc\ spcciflcrtli(ns re(luire chnr ()r ()thcr iYpc ()f giltc opt'nirrgs f hat \\ ill r.rot
'lVpt
cluse segregxtion. Thet' t4ren both tlensvr:lsciv or loncitrrclinlrllv to tlre tnrck lrt'rl. of glte
r>;rcnir.tgrtt:tv bc seconclan k) bin (r)nfigll rllti()n in segrcgation control.
Surge and Stonge Sins Segrtg:rtion oficn occurs l.trcn mrteriel is pllccci ink) surgr frins ancl
st(xx8e l)ins. or "silos. A convc\'()r s\,stc r l)lllces thc nlix int() rr "blrtchcr. ol sinrillrr clischar.qc
s v s t e n . rA
. b a t t h c r i s r c o n t l r i n c L$ i t h g r t e s a t t l l e l x ) t t ( ) l l ) .\ h i c h s i t s : r b o r c t h c s i l ( ) i l n a l c a t c h c s
:tncl releuses nrrterixl in r>rrlcl to rcgullte the 1-lo$ of rnix into thc silo lnrl rc(lLrcc scgrcllllti()n.
Tirl)ing svstems ()n thcse Lrnits slrorLlclhc sct ir.r:rccorcllncc r.r'ith orrtprLt t()nn:l.qc t() kecp tirc mix
frr.rm [rlling strxight tl-rr()ughthc bxtchcr int() the si]() ln(l cuusing scgrcgati()n by coning. l'irr'
proper ()pereti()n. the nrix shoulcl be clischurgccl into lhc silo in smrll butclrcs.'lhc batchcr gate
shoLrlcllre ()penrtc(l in a prrlsuting nnnncL. ancl llrc butchcr shoukl ne r er l)c cornplctclv cmpt)'
clrrring opcnttirxr. For varieble proclrrction rrts. thr grrt tjnrcr slrorrltl lre aaljusteclxc('()rdingl\.
Anotlrr nrethocl of reclucinq scgreglltion in tlrt silos js ll thc usc ()f x r()txtin.q clis(llarge
chute llt the t()p of tlle silo. In the r()tlrting chrite lrnal pllltc svstc'rs, ()perxtion sPrccl (iepencls ()n
t()nnege ()rLtJ)Llt. ()perlting tlle (lcvicr sklrlr sill prcr'ent nratcriel fronr lrcing cxst t() tlre sides
of thr: silo lrncl clrtrsing ll rcverse tont cftect. nith Co:rrsenraterill on thc outsicle encl fine on
t h t i n s i c l c . ' l f r e x r t u t i n g c h r . r t el i u s g i l e n s : n t c ) t h e l ) a t c l r e r i n r r r o c l e r nI I N I A p l a n t s .
For-rrsilo varialrlrs q()\'crn tltr scnsitivit) of segrcgltion:
.l)ienleter
. Heiglrt
. Conc shape
. Clatc ()pcning t).pc
Eucli tlpe of silo urust bc opcretccl xppropriltclv to obtain cquxl rcsults. l)iumetcr ancl
heiglrt of tire cone shor-rlclbc xdcqu:lte t() pre\ent re\ crsc cone cflccts lrs nlix lel\cs thc unit.
Segrcgatkrn fiom these Lrnits clln bc t'oreclcrl 1.)r'a<lclingan()lher ('()ne ()r l)xt('her fi) lhe l)()tt()nr.
'l
his rcmixcs the nlxtcriel lrefirlt it is rclcasccl into tnrt ks.
sr,tcltl.t(lAlt()\
ot H()l l.llx,\sPfIALl
<
There urc clif'tfltnt t|l]es ol silos uitlt r':r[ious sicle angles. gutc ()penings. rtntl intc| lo:tcling
r r n i t s .S o n r c ' i r r t n t ( ) r e e f f i c i t n t t l r l r r . (r ) t l l e r s . ' lh e i c l e l t lo p c n t t i n g t a n g c l i r t l t t ( ) s ls i l ( ) s i s l l t l l c c t t
2 - p c r r ' c n t : r n r l - 5 l t c l c e n t f t r l l . S c g r c g l L t i o nr l i l l i n c r e u s c l r e l o \ t h c J 5 l t c t c e r t l c l t p l t c i t l : t s t h t '
rrrix l:rllsbelorr tone lercl.
Discharge Systens \\'lten scgrcgetion ( x ( urs in rhc silo. :r corrc Lrnit plrtcc'cLon tlr(' l)()tt()ll ( )f
t l t t ' s i l o r . , i l l l t L o r l L r c cl r . : rc r s e c o n i n g l n r l r c n r i x t h c n l L ( c r i a l . i r t l t t l t l i t i o t t .l ) : l l l l c l ) l l l t t s ( x l l I ) ( '
'Ihis
i n s l e l l t c l O n t h c l ) ( ) l l ( ) l I o l t l t c s i k > t o k i r k c o u r - s cl g g f c g x l e l t r l c l i i r t t o ( l l c I l l i \ . trln Ile scttt
i n I i g L u e l " i l.l . I ) l e n t \ l o t l i l i t r t l t o n s t ( ) r \ \ ( ) i c l S c . q r9( 1 l it() l l .
l k { f ( ) f l r s l ( ) t r s l t l i l t l tl t l l L n t sl l l e : t r a t l l c r ( ( ) l l r l r ( ) n ( ) c c L l f r - e l r ( !l') r r \ e l t l i r t g s ( ' g f c . q i t l i ( ) il sl l t g l l t l t l
r r l l s ( ) n l ( ) l ( ) ( ) l \l l f ( ' t l ( ) f i l l i n g ] t . r l r s p h l L l tp l t r n t . \ \ ' i t h s o n r t ' r r i r t o r r e t o t r f i g L t [ t t i t r l . l ) ( l l c i i l s \ \ e l l
l t t ' r ' o t t c il l t e r r r s t o l t l l t t c ' 1 r < l f ti tl t r t l r c o l l t l t i r l r - ' llll l t o r - t g hi l l t t t ' l l s c c l l l l t r r - r l l t ' l l tl l i t '
ii Construction
nwiiing Segregation
DlTrucking LoadingandUnloading 'li.Ltt
IIll.\ ctut s(gr(.qill('ls i1 rs knclctl inlo llrrcks llonr eitltet pLtuntill ot :rtlge srslt'tlls. ks
t L t t , t r r L r t l lre l g e r ' l o c l l n . t r r t r lc : r r t ' s l r o r r l t ll r t t l t k c n c l t r i r t g l o l L r l i t t gt r t l ) f e \ ( ' t l l ( 1 ) l l i l l g ill t]l('lrll(k
l r , . , t l .I i r t l t p r r g r L n t l u l g e s \ s l ( , n r s e l t , i o r t t c t l lrt llrc slrnte lrxttling Ier'ottltt('lt(iiLti()1ls ill('rc
r l r o P s o f l l l L I ( ' l i l l l - l 1 1 ) n t . l r : t t k . r t r t t l ( ( ' r t l t f . i l s s l t o r r t t i t t l : i g r - r l eS . l . l .
s l t o r r l r l l r t , l L 1l ( , l L \ t l l l c e
I l t e n t l t O L r . q li tl i s r r u r | t ' l i r ( ( i ) n s L r r i l r g . l ) r ( ) l ) ( l ( r L r t i n { r r r t k l o r t t l i r t gc l l l l l ) ( ' ( \ t l t l l l e l \ illlll()r
tllr'ltl() 1lr('rlLt:tlitt t.rl I)il\(llt('rtt ltlotltttccl.
-l
ltr: lcngtlr o1 ..1opt' ol tr pilc ol li\11 is ol p:rllirtrler inll)()rllllr(('ultett cottsiclctitlg tttt,:l.
lolcling..\:ing1t,tlisilt;rlgc i n t o l l t r ' t r r r t l i l t ' n r l s I o p t o r i c l c 1 1 r r ' l o r t g t ' sst l o l l e : o i t ' t s l t i t l t t l l r . '
s f 1 ) l t ( , s( : l l - i s r l ) . t l l t ( . 1 ] t r ' r r r i x s l t o i r l t l c l i s t l l u g i ' t i r \ t lt('ilr tlrt lrlrll'ltr-'rril() llf()(ltrct ri s1:trl'irtg
1 , 1 1 , t. , tk t I l l l I l r ( ) l l t l t n r l s i L l t s . I l t c s c c r r n t l r l | o p I r | o t l r r r r ' s l ] r r ' s : t I r r r -,'- o t t r l i l i t t t - t ': t i t l l ( ' r e : l r ( ) l t l l ( '
t | r r t l i . l l t e t l t i r - t lr l | o P . i n i l t t t t l i t l t l L c .s l r o r r l c lo r c ' r l r r l r1 l l ( ' ( ( ) n i ( i r l s i t l e ' so l l l t c l i l \ t 1 \ \ ( ) . ' l l t i s l l r r r
c r . , c i r r r rr k r c s l t ( ) l c l i r r i n l l t r s ( g r ( 9 1 r t i ( ) n . l r L r l : l r l c l r r l s i 1 o r . t t l L n t l t t t i r t i t t t i z t ' s 1 l l ( c l l ( ' ( 1 .
'l
l r c n r c t l l r r ] L t s t , r ll o L r n l o l r c lt l t c l l t L r l t t L r c l i i r - i t o t l r r . ' l l L r t r I t o l t P c t t t l L r i t l \ ( ) ( ( ) r t l t i l ) L l t e l 1 ) i t
s(,gfcgltlion ltrolrlcrn. lrglLinlrl geltcritiing longcl slopes orct slticlt tltt' ltttiiles llltlv scl)rlrilt('
s i t l t i r t r l t c r l r r r r r l t i n g l o r r , : 1 \. l o s t p l o l r l r r r i s o l t h i s l i i n r l t l e r c l o l r i u r t t t s l o r r l r t r t i s i t t g l l l e r t L t t l i l x r l
s l t i l e c l L r l l t i n g . \ \ l t t n t l t c t l u ( k i s i n p l r r c e l o t l r t n r l : ro t - t t o l l t c r o : t ( l u r i r . t l t c l t t ' t l s l t o L t l c l l r c l l l l r '
liilll\ r,l(\ltc(l lrt'tirlr tlie tlLilglrtt is lr'lr:ustcl. Iltis pt'rttits lllc ltti\ l() ttiort itt Illtlss rillcl to llrxxl
lirc ltoltltcr. tltLls I)fc\en1i1ig the trlrlsc lggfcgrlt( flonr lallirtg,()Lrlfifsl:lrl(l (ilusirtg:Pott\ s('grt
g i l t i () l r l ) i r t l ( ' r ' n s .
>|Paver 0peration
l n e c l r l i t i o nt ( ) t l t ( ( ) p c n L t i o n sl l l o r r g l r t l r r l ) l i u l t l u t t l t l r t ' t t i r k l o l t c l i t t g .t l r e l t o s s i l l i l i t t o f s t g -
r t g : r t i ( ) n i n t h ( , p l l \ i l t g ( ) p c l l l t i o n e r t s t s . S c g l c g e t i r ) nt l l l r l i s i n l e n l l i t t c r t l c l L r tl t s r . t l t l l rl l t ' t t : l e t c t i t t l
t l r e t l l r c k s o r t l t t , l o a t l i n g l t r o c c c l t r r c C o n l i n r . r o t r s\ ( ' g r ( ' . qtliL() n i . i r t g t r t t n L l l r l x i l t t r i l l t l t ( ' c tl ( ) ( ) p c r
a t i o n s l r n c l n l i r t e | i a l l r e n r l l i n g o c c L r r f i t r gi n l l r t p r l \ c r \ n i ] r t c n t l i [ t t r t t t V l ) c ( ) l s e g r c . q x t i o nt h . L ti ]
l u n c \ c c p t i ( ) n ; r n c l s l r o l s L l l ) o n t h c r o l r t l ' l s u r - ro 1 - r c nt t ' x l t t t ' c d c h c r r o t t . l ) ( ) i t l t i l l g i t t ; l c l i r e t t i u t t
O1t;rOsilct() thltt l)eiltg yteVcd. is illusttetc(l 11lFigurt 8. l.l. In rt()st cllsts llle sllltcillg of tllt'se
ol)en texturc(l lrelrs is enrl of-lorrcl rrss<.lciatc(i. I)Lrr))ping th(' wings. thus sr:ncling c(xlrsct llrrleri:ll
to thc nticlclle ol rhc hoppcr', efirl rrrnrrir.rgthc perercln unci thctt troring ti;m rtlcl l:leiirrc tht:
Ixrl-rper is rc-tLrargeclcrn crelltc this tornt of segrcgatictn.
Proper Loading
Truck
Drops
ThreeDifferent
123
,t.'t'rll'
>> PaverSegregation
Arcas
l l o t l r c o n t i t r r r o r r sl r n r l l t ' 1 l t ' : r t r ' ct il r l r r s o l s c g r ( g l l l i o n c l t n l r c l i t t k c t l t ( ) t l r c I t l L \ t r l t n c l . i n p e r
i i c u l l l r , t ( ) i t s n t i t t c f i r r ll r l r n c l l i n gs r s t e n r . l h t r t ' l r r t ' s P t ' r ' i f i c l l r c i r s r c l ( ) s s l l r c I l l i L t\ \ l t c r c \ i s i l ) l r \ t : -
'l
rc.qlrti()nnIiV oc c rr'. lttsc .trc :lt thc:
( . c n t ( r s c r c \ \ ' c ( ) l r v e \ ( ) r{ l l u g c f ) s u l ) P ( ) r t
C)rLtsicleeclgcs of tlrc llight lccclcls (cllag c()n\ evors)
l-r-rdcrsiclcof thc ourlroarcl s( rc\\' convc\'or (xuger) sLlplx)l'ts
()Lrtcr c(lges of thc screerl
O}.HOTIIIX ASPHAUI
SI,](IRI](;ATION
<
fisrnEl.t (,iurron-Shlpctl5r$'q'rtirtn
ontlu:fio:tdl:u
scgregateclstril) oticn
CentetSuew ConveyorSupport,ot CentelEeatBox A lor.rgitr.rclinal.
dcvtlops in tlrc ccnlel ol- tlt plrr crl lanc trncLcrtlle center scre\\ convc\'( )r sLtpport. l'his scgre
g a t i ( ) n i s n o t : r l w l t s V i s i l ) l c t t t h c t i n r e o f p a v i n g . l l o r c r e c r n t c l e v e l o p r t t e n t si n s c r c t r ' ( ( ) n \ c \ ( ) r
(llrLgcr) svstenrs lhat tan lre laisecl and krleleci hlrvc sltosn relsonlfrlc succcss in lrelping solvc
'fhis
the problcnt. neu approlch utilizcs il scpxriltc clrire nrotoL lncl cltst for the scren c()nvcv(tlr
c h i v c a n r l e l i r r r i n : r t e st l r e p : ' c r i o u s t r i l l n g u i l t r - s l l x p c ( cl l r i r e c l t s c . I n t h i s u a y . f e c c l e l c l i s c h l t r g ct l r r t
clirr:ctlv srlge fill thc cevitv uncler the scre\\ convr\'()r clrive cltsc. Sr-rcccssllLs rtlso lteen
:rchierccl ir.r climinlrting the srgfrgxtecl ercl llll sinrp)t, rxising the sctett convevors to ltlkl.
U n r c s t r i c t c ( iD l r l e r i a i f l o $ i n l ( ) l l r e ( e n t e r r r e : r . O n c c t l r e c r r i t r i s f i l l c r l . t h e r o l l c l i s t a n c e se t c
shortenecl ancl segregetiorr is rninir izecl. l)ut ()lcllLtor c.rrc n)Ust bc tltken to ensurc tltl]t il Pr()P
er scre\\' conve \'or cirambcr lcvrl is meintain,-'clltlu ec n tltrcklortrls to keep the clrvitv filled.
0utside Edges ol the Flight Feealers A ic$ rtrircs hrve slro$n u tenclcncl t() segregltc lrt thc
outsirlt rclgcs of tlre flight Ieeciers 1orthc s:llnc tnll clistancc r(:ls()ns its tllc (cnter stlpp()rt. Tllc
nrix rrruld also segrcglrtc li'onr flou ing arc>rrnrltlte cotncr lncl then beck under thc l)llvcr's tllllrr
1r'lrme.\lost ne\\' pitvrrs ule ccluippecl l iih rr blfllc to nrinimjze lllc llight ft'ctltr rrrnve\rrs ltltil-
ity t() cerry nruterial firnvercl ()n their retrLrn pxth. This lreflle hlrs ltlso bccn sttccessful in reclttc-
r n l . l l r ( r i ' l l , l i . r . r | lr,' . l r l l r . l rl ) ' ' i n l .
The nrost ilrp()rtxnt ilcti(xr t() rr:clute segregttion in thcsc lfclls is l() keep thc scrl]\\' c()nVcV
or clrlnrlrer lillecl to :r L.rel lt or llrorrt thc top of the con\ cvor shefi. Tlris fllls the c:tvitv :Lht'atl
of tlre t-liglrt fceclcls lr.rrl utinintizcs thr ()pp()ftunitv firr thc nretclilrl to ilo* tirrlltrcl lftcr ttttning
lllc c()rner.
()i,rr()'rrrx ,\sr)rAr-r'
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(+o 5 incll rtll(l -0.5 irr(ll)
llugt' :trntltle itnLl scl)rlrllling it iltl() l)lll: 11.5 rnnt luttl tttinrts l2 5 trrtll
is Lrsc(lt() pt()l)()rti()ll 1ll( \\cigllt ()t llr(
l)()l.li()ns..\ r'illio ol lh(,s(, lt()rli()ns 1o tllc t()t.rl srrtiPle
r l r l l ( ) L I I l 1 \( ) l ( l t l l l l l L r c ( l s l L l l l l ) l c s i l f L
ltlLr: 1J.5 nlItr encl ntirtrrs 1f.5 nIr nllrtcriill. I)r()1)()rtionlrle
r c n l i \ c ( l l i ) f 1 1 1 (c \ l l i i ( l i ( ) n t c s 1 . l t n c ] t l t i s P l o r e c l L t t e i r s s L l r ( ' sI l l c l e s t s i l l l l l ) l ( \ ' i l l t t l l l r - s t l l t l l l t '
llli\
on Level
DD DeterniningSegregati
( i r r i t l t l i n r s c L l r r c l t l l \ l r e i n g u s c t l t o i r l c n t i l \ s e g r ( ' g r l 1 i ( )tnv l l i ( l L l l \ l i ) l l ( ) \ \ r l s l i t l l ( L l l ( l f i r r r t t : t t .l t
l p l x l l f s 1 l l : t tn t ( ) \ t l I r \ t l t t c n c l c r c l o p c r l j o i n t l r l \ e g e r t c l l L t t t li r t t l L t s l r ri n ( ) r ( l ( ' I l ( ) t ( ] l i e \ ( t l l ( '
( r ) n r r o n g o l t l . \ l e t l t o c l s o l i t l t : t t itl i c : l t i o t l t v l ) i c l l l l \ L l 5 e ( l t r ( ' l
( i r n r l L r c t i n . ql t r c l i n r i n l r l . tf i c l c l c V l t l r L r t i o n so f t x i s r i n g p f ( ) j c c t s( ' \ l l i l ) l t i l l g \ e g r c g l l l i o l l . I I I
o l c l r r t o r k ' t t ' r ' n r i n cl t n t l v i s t t e l l r t l l l s s i f i r l t t i o L t s l c r t ' l s o l s e g f ( ' { - r I i 'ir r '
l ) r \ c l ( ) l ) i l t g e l ] r c t h O t lt ( ) r \ l l r l l l l ( ' L r r L r c t r ' l r t l r l r l cs ( ' g r ( ' g l L t i ( )or l l c ( ) l l s l r L l ( 1 i ( )I1) 1f ( ) l t c t s
\ ( r i t V i n g t l t c t t s t I r t c t l t o c l( ) r t i l l t J ( l j \ ( ( ( ) r l s t r L l c t i ( ) ll l) f ( ) i t ( 1
l)r'r'tloping ltn encl ltrotlttcl liltlit li)r s('grtgrlti()ll.
'llrcse
f i r ' l t l r , r r L l l r r t i O n sn t u s t l ) e c o n r l ) l ( , l c t li l r o t . t l c I t ( ) ( l c x r l \ t l e ' l j r l et L t l t i t ' r r t l l l cg o a l s f l l t r L l l
I)trtics ( . ( ) l t ( r t c ( I . l r i r s t . t l t ( e r e l r [ r t i o n s g i \ e l ) ( ) t ] r l ) u l t i e s t l t c ( ) l ) l ) ( ) r t t l l l i t \t't l r r l t l L t h e p r l V c l l l c l l l
l ( ) g c t l t t f l ( ) \ c c \ \ ' l t i l t r L( c r t l t i n l e i c 1 o l s c g l c g r r t i o nk r o k s l i k t ' r u . t t l t o l t l l o u t h r . ' e g c t t c t l o t k t i r r t
\ \ i t i l t i s 1 t n L r n l r c c e l t r l l r l cl e r c l l t ' < l L r i l r n gc ( ) r r c ( l i \ c l l ( 1 i ( ) r t .S c ( ( ) n L I .t h c t r : t l r t l t t i o t t s r r i l l l L l l o r r t l l c
\\ lt('rt sc\crc 5e.qrcgilli()nilr irlt\ l)a\rnlcnl c()ufs('. ()r rtic'rlilrlt rtglcg:rlion irr :t strlflrcr-,
i ', \,. t. t,l,l lili,.'. \ ' { r { - . l t , , i . t . | | t , t . l t \ r- l . , r . l , l | i r ] t l t l \ ' , , r t . r . , , t , r I , r r , l, , , \ ' . \ \ t t ! l
f l l ( ( ( ) r r c ( l i \ t i t ( t i ( ) l t t ( ) l t c l r t l ' t r t ( l ( ) r r ( ( l i \ c i l ( t i ( ) n s \ i r r v l r t ' t r r t r n j o l r s r r r t c l n i \ l L l r c s l L l t ( i\ \ i l l
ttsLltllr IttlLtilt'ir(ti()ns i n l i l l r l ( ) t l r ( ) s e ( l c s c r i l ) ( , i l i n L , : r r ' l j t ,sr 'c L t i o l s . . \ g e n c i r - s n ( ) l l l l l l \ r(,\ ic\\
I l l e ( ( ) r r t ( l i \ t \ r t r L 1 : r o l r o s r Lr lt I r r lc o : t s i r ] e I t l r r . ' i i r i l o \ i n g r ( t i r ) n s l 1 ) l r r : r r t r e p l r L l r l rf,i r I t l r t , t V p t , s
( ) l 5 e g r t g l L t i ( ) nr L l i r r r - c ll r l r o t t
. Sli,ght I r p i r t r l l r r r i 1 1l r t , r r cc e 1 t l r . , ci1n t o l l r r r r o l l i
. \lctlittttt: ( i e r t e t r L l l r l t l t i n p l l r c t ' f o r l o u r ' r l r r r c r ' : l r o s c r c r . s L t r l i l ( e( ( ) L t r s ( ' sl r r (
l r 1 t i t : t l l i s L r l r j e c lt ( ) l ) r i r ( ' i l ( l i L l s t n t ( ' n t \ r. c r l t ( ) \ l l l L n r l l t ' l r l l L rr ' r r t n 1 . o l l e s L L t l t t c -
lllg. ilt lll( (()ttlfil(t()f\ (()sl
. SeVerc: ()ltt'n thc t ( , l t t i \ t ( ) l ) c l r n t ( ) \ e ( l l L n t l I . e p l t r r t c l l L (f ( ) s 5 t ] t c
l)l\r
lirlL lrrnc ol sltolrlc[,r' u icltlt in rr uorknt;rn]ikt rllttrter'.
s l i o R l , (ll(.) \ ( ) t .l t ( | \ \ A s tt,\ll |
<
i n c ( ) n t l ) r t l i l l gs c g r c g : l t i ( n . \ l l l n ) ' l l g c l r
e r L L r r t i l r i n g l c r e l s O i s c g l - c g i t t i ( ) nI n s l r e r O n r c r r r t i s s L t c
c i c s r r s r .l'l r r l i r l l o s i n g l i ) r ( l t l l l n t i f v i n g s c g r ( ' g r lil() l l .
iollol s:
\lteI r.llirlg. llltct cl'.'ttsilrtr'ltilitlgs ltrc tll;ttlc il1 ll 5(lc(t((l l r l l l l s \ ' ( ' r s e L ( ) c i l l i ( ) l l1 l i s l ) ( ' ( i '
fictl longitLrtlinlrl tlisrltrrrcs lronr llre trLr(li r\clllurg( 1roirrt. I'ircessirclr lligll ot lon irrlLtt's
llt('lllr()\\rl ()tll. tll(l tlll'tclllltirlirlg \llltlcs lLl( ltrt'tltg,etl. l)illcltrltts lltfrr''"etl trctll.qc
(;i\Ln tlt('litrancilrl inll)rl(t 1():ln ilgcr(\'\ nrlintcrLllr(c (()sts. tllts( g L r i c l t ' l i r - r clsL P l ) r () l ) r i r t l c i \
(.()nlinLr'1() l)(,\\ritt(11 ltncl inclLrilt,rlin c()nlril(t rloctttttcltts. ['nttoltlt ltntl tlltttttiitlt'c] ertltl|r.e
1 t ( , n 1 ( ) l s c g r e . q i l t i o n g L r i t l c l i r r , . ' s( : l n s u l ) s l r L n t i r l l l \ t l c c L t l L s t ' p l r t c c t t t t r t t o l t l c l L ' i t i r c I l \ 1 , \ 1 l : l r t '
n t e l t t s . S c g r c g r l l i o n i s t r c l t , i i , r ' l l l l r t t n l L r s t l X r r - ' r l L r r c r 1l o i t t c l c r t s t t l t c l i f c o l I I N I ' \ i ) r l \ c l l l c l l t s
tfi
loot n r e t e1rm ) !130.18
foot . m e t e lrm ) | 092903
fooT 1 meter{m I 00 2 8 3 1 7
Iit€r1)
ToolP0Lrid lorce 'oLre (Il 13 5 5 8 1 8
footln nLrte . 0 l e l € f i s e c oi m nC rSi 0 00508
T00lrSeC0il0 nrelerlseco{rc 1m'sI. 0 3048
q a l o fl US q i r d l I
d e .m c t e ri a mi o f l e fi ) 3 /8 5 4 1 2
I ntelerlnt l 0 003785
a i em c c l e r , ' s c c (oCn rdn , so)r
=
!tiloi,min!le
E
; i e r , s e c ol ,f sd ] 006309
0 ao r r v a d d | c m e l errn e l e r( d mr n t) 0 1
l e f r m e t el rrm i 152i311
forsep0lref (€ectrcl k Or-ratt (kw) 0 716
fcf r t n t e t €( m
r mr 2 5I
tlclr Ceftrntelef lcm ) 6 4516
nch m rmeterlmm I 61516
f.h cenlmeter(c|r I 1638706
fcn,Secofd lreterisecold 1m,'sl 0 0251
nch0l mcrcur,y' t60?Fr pasciti lPal 331685
fcfrsecofd rn€ter,s€cond lnrrsI 0 0254
k r o q n m{ k q l tof tmelnc 0 001
k p 11000 lbfl k oneut0f(kN) 1148222
k p,rnch megapasc.l ([]TPa) . 6 89,1757
mrc iU.S.stallte) k Onreter 1km) I 609311
nie .. .. k o r n e l e( kr m ) . . 25B99BB
m e/nolT k lontel€ri lr0!r(km/hrl . . 1 609314
m nutelafq e) radan(rad) 0 00029089
olnce-ToTce nc!,.toll (N) 0.2780139
oLrnce-riass ljram(q) 2834952
0ufceJLlo I cenlmeter'(cn I 2957353
1 rter(l) 0 029521
p f t i U s .l q L r i d ) iter() .. 0!731765
pors€ (abs0 uteviscos ty) . . pascal second (Pa-s) .0 1
pound-force lNl 4118222 =
{ bt) 1 :t"tnn (kN) . ..
pOund lorce-nch
I krorewtof 0 004448 Ui,
poundJorce/loot' . .
fe\!10|ireterlN ml
pascalPa).
01129848
4788026
c'it
poundtorce/nch(psI k Opasca 6894757
tfl
tkPal l-
p0ilnd-mass.. kogfam(kq) .. 04535924 F
p 0 ! 0 n dm a s s / f o o t ' .... k l O g r a m , m e( tkeq.i ml . . .
Ll o q r a m m € l P Lr f . q . Im
.. ... 4.882428
1 60 1 8 4 6
D
p o l n dm a s s l f 0 o t '... .. J- -
I " a d q,,- n . ' o r( N l qn ) 0-0160'8
p0lllld-mass/lncn' ltt
k loqranr,ldec meter'{kg/dm') .. ..27.67990
1198264 et
p o L r rm
d a s s / g a l(l Lo lsn. I i q l i d ) l L r o q r a m m e t el kr s '/ kd g,)m
Itr0gdr l- mele d ^,I, .. .0"q826 e
psi .. kiopasca (kPa) . 6 894757 vit
q L r a r t ( UlS . id)
10n(short2000lb)
qu
t o n( m e t n .c.). . .
t o n( l 0 n g - 2 2 4 0 . l b.).
d e c m e t el dr ,m ' o
. . . . k r o g r a(m
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kg)..
(kg)
) f i t e r ( l ). .....
. .10000
09463529
. . . . 9071847
#
E
k o q r a m ( k O ) .... . . . . 10160461
l0n-mass/yard' ... . k logrami meler'(kg/nr') ... .. 1186.5527
l-
yaro .. . m e t e( rm ) ... ... ...0.9144
]t'l
yard' ... .met€r,(m,) 0.8361274
Ui,
y a f o '. . . . . . . . . . . . . m e t e(am , ) .0.7645549
kq/m' kg/dm' kg/m'/cm tb/tf lb/yd' lb/yd'/in
deplh depth
1600 1.6 16 100 2700 75
1700 1.7 17 U5 2835 79
I800 1.8 1B 110 2910 82
1900 1.9 19 115 JUa 86
2000 2.0 20 124 3240 90
2100 2.1 21 125 3375 94
2200 22 22 r30 3510 97
2300 23 23 135 3645 101
2440 24 24 140 3780 IUJ
Bange Pavement
lorVarious Types
kqim kq/dm kg/m'/cm lb/ff lb/ydl lblyd'lin
Pavement
Type dePlh deplh
o p e nG r a d e d 18 5 0 - 2 2 5 01 . 8 52 . 2 5 18.5-225 1 r 5 - 1 4 0 3 1 0 5 - 3 7 8 08 6 , 1 0 5
Coarse Graded 2 1 0 02 4 0 0 2 . 1 0 - 2 . 4 02 1 0 2 4 0 1 3 0 - 1 5 0 3 5 1 0 - 4 0 5 09 7 1 1 2
D e n sG e raded 2 1 5 0 - 2 5 0 02 1 5 - 2 . 5 0 215-25.0 r 3 5 - 1 5 5 3 6 4 5 ' 4 1 8 5I 0 1 - 1 6
F i n eG r a d e d 2100-2440 2.10-2.40 21.0-24.0 1 3 01 5 0 3 5 1 0 - 4 0 5 09 7 1 1 2
SioneSheet 2100-2440 2.10-2.40 21.0-24.A r 3 0 - 1 5 0 3 5 1 0 - 4 0 5 09 7 1 1 2
SandShe€t 1 9 0 02 2 5 0 1 . 9 0 -225 19.0-22.5 r 2 0 - 1 4 0 3 2 4 0 - 3 / 8 09 0 ' 1 0 5
F neSheet 1 9 0 0 - 2 2 5 01 . 9 0 -225 19.0-22.5 1 2 0 - 1 4 0 3 2 4 0 - 3 7 8 09 0 - 1 0 5
l\,4xed n Placel\,4acadarn 1 7 5 0 - 2 1 5 01 7 5 - 2 1 5 17.5-21.5 1 1 0 - 1 3 5 2 9 7 03 6 4 5 8 2 - 1 0 1
l\4ixed- n-Place Dense
Graded 1752 0 1 5 0 1 7 52 . 1 5 17.5-21.5 11 01 3 5 2 9 7 0 - 3 6 4 58 21 0 1
l\,4ixed' n'Plac€SandAsphaI 1 6 0 0 - 2 0 0 01 6 0 - 2 . 0 0 1 6 . 0
2 00 I00-125 2704-3375 75-94
P r e l i m i n aErsyl i m a l i n g
kgim'lcm lblyd'lin
depth deplh
Note:
Because 0f thec0nsiderable variati0fs in specifc gravity 2 1. A 100
gradation. andOther character stics01mineral aggregales. 22.5 I05
\'/eight perunt v0 ume0t compacted aspha t pav€mert 23.5 I10
v a f i ecs0 n s i d e r a bElxya cwt e i g h tpse ru n i tv 0 l u m seh 0 u l b
de 225 105
detefnrined in thelaborat0ry fromsamples takentr0mthe 225 105
samemateflals as usedn thelield 2 10 100
2 10 100
200 95
20.0 95
18.0 95
lllixDesignalion Size0l Aggregate
andN0minallllaximum
S i e v eS i z e 2i 0 t'r l9 0mm 12.5mm 9 . 5m m
tr i3 J I I i l 1 2i n). ( 3 i Bi n . l
T o l aPl e r c e nPta s s i n(gb yw e i q h l )
500mm(2 n) 10i
3 75 m m( 1 - 1 1n2) 9 0t o 1 0 0 100
2 5 . 0 m mf( ) 9 0t o l 0 0 t00
190mm ( 3 i 4r l 56to B0 9 0i o 1 0 0
1 25 m m( 1 , 2n ) 5 6 1 08 0 9 0t o 1 0 0 100
9.5mnr(3/Bn ) 56 to 80 9 0t o1 0 0
4 7 5 m ( N o1 ) 23to 53 2 9t o 5 9 35 to 65 14to 71 55to 85
2 . 3 6n r n(rN oB ) ' 1 51 04 1 1910 45 23 to 49 28to 58 32to 67
I 1 Br n r n t N o1 6 )
0 . 6 0m m( N o3 0 )
0.3m 0 m{ N o . 5 0 ) 4 t o1 6 5to17 5to19 51021 t-to 23
0.1m 5 m( N o1. 0 0 )
0 . 0 7m5 m( N o2. 0 0 ) ' ' 0to5 I to7 2tog 2io10 2 t o1 0
Asphall Cemert
!,/eghl percenl 4toll 3to8 3tog 4tol0 5 t o1 2
of Tolall\,4ixiu
re
p i n c r s r r d h r l r r p . s l f t ! n C . r n o l ! r . . l e l t r . f 1 r , h . : t . s l . d n , r L L 0 r d r n cr lrl r l , ' l . l h c T
d 8 9 . r r cl , l d h o r T ] l l
A g g r e g a t e : A h l u t l i n c l t n r : l l r r i i r l ( ) f n r i n c f i r l ( ( ) r l r l ) ( ) . i l j { ) rs L r r ' l rl t s s ; r n c l .g L r r r l .
s l l t g . r i l c r r r s l i e c sl t ( ) r - r cL. r s ( ' ( il n l ) 1 r \ ( ' l l t r ' l t ltl l ) | l i r . r l i ( ) l r . r ' i t l r t ' r ' l r r i t s c ' l to I f O r '
n i x i n u i r i tl r l r s p l l r l t
\pcs:
( l o a f s e A g g r e g a t e : \ g g l c g i l l ! r ' c l . r i n c t l, l l r t l r ( I . . 1 ,n l r 1\ ( ) t ) \ i L ' \ ( ' .
C o a r s e - G r a d e d A g g r € g a t e : ( ) n r ' l r - r i n g . r ! ( ) n t i i r u r ) ! r .g r . L t i i r t gr n s i z c s o i
p i l r l i ( l ( ' si f ( ) n r( ( ) l t f \ r ' l l t r ( ) u g ]fri n r ' \ \ i l ] r . r I r c r l o n r i n . L n . .I l ( ( ) : 1 l s (s i / ! s .
Dense-Graded Aglaregatc: \n rL,qgrtg.ll!,llliLl llxs il l)ilrlrr lr .i/e (listf il)u
E
't'
l i ( ) n s L l ( l rt l r i L t\ \ l r r ' l t i t i s t o n r J l r t t c c l .t l r c l e s r r l t r r t rgo i t l ' l r t i s t t n l l r t '
i l . q g f ( g i l l c l ) i r f t i L l c s .t r P I t s s t ' c l : 1 5i L l ) r f c ( n l l r g c ( ) f l ] l t t ( ) l . r L\ l ) i l ! ! ' ( ) ( ( l l l ) i ! ( l
l x l h c r n l r t c r i r r l l.r t - r c l l r t i r c l r s n i r r l i .
Fine Aggregate:
'lirut
l ) l r s s i r i gt l r c f . . J 6r r r r r r( \ ( ) . 8 ) s i r \ t
Finc-Gtaded Aggregate: ()nc harrr-rg rr (()lr1rr)LL()Lrs gr:tcling irt sizts ol
I ) l [ l i c l ( s I 1 1 ) n rc o a r s c t l t [ o r i g h l i r t c ' \ i t h l r p I e c l o r t t i n r t r t c oc l Iint sizes.
O p e n - G r a d c d A g g r e g a t e : ( ) n c r r r n t : r i n i n g l i t t l t o l n r i r r r i n t l r L lt i l l t r ' : r n c l i n
lrl
r r h i c l i t h e r o i c l s p a c c i n t l r c ( ( ) r r p u ( l c c l e g g l c g a t e e l e l c l a t i r e l r l : r l g e.
Well-Graded Aggfegate : .\ggregurc glrrcltrl t ith rcllti\ cl\ unrl()rrlr l)l() =
p o r l i ( ) n sf r o n r l l r ( ' r l l l \ i l l r L r r ]s i z c t l o \ \ n i o l i l l t r - \ ' i t l t t l r ( ' o l ) j ( ' ( t( ) l o l r t r r i r r
i n g r L nr r s p l l r l t m i x u i t h l r c o n t r o l l e c l \ ( ) i c l ( ( ) n 1 c n tl n r l h i g h s t r r h i l i t r .
Aggfegate Stofage Bins*: llins tlrat slorr llrr ri((c5silr\ ufgrL!.rt( \i,/L\
l r r r l t e ' c t l l l l e n r t o t l l e c l r \ e r i n s L l l ) s t i r | l t i r l l l \l i e s i l n l e l ) r - ( ) l ) ( ) l t i ( ) D s . r 5 . u !
l r . ' r l L t i r c i ln t h c l i n i s l r r - ' cr lt i x .
H'
A i r V o i d s : I r r P t V s l ) 1 l c ( si r r l r c o n r p r r c l c c rl n i x s L L r r ( ) u n ( l r (l l) \ ' l s P l r l r l t ( ( ) 1 l l r ( l
p x r l i ( l e s . r x 1 - r l t ' s s c cl Ll sl r P ( ' r ( ( ' n t l q ( l r r r o l t l l r t t ' o f l l r ( ' t ( ) l i L lr O r r p e c l t ' t l r t i r .
Asphalt*: .'\ rlurl< lrlos n to bllck ccnrtntiti()us lrllltcfilri in l lrich llrc plrclorri
n : l l i n 1 .(.( ) l r s l i t u ( ' l r l sl r r e l ) i l L l l l l e n sr r l i i c l t o c c l r r i r t r t l t t l r r t ( ) r l r r t ' o b l l r i n t ' t l i n
l ' \ ' l l r r l ( r l r r l ' | i , r , \ \ | l l . . \ . l r i r . , l t . . r ( " t l \ l i l t . ( ' l t l i t t r . t t r t t r ' - l ) f , i l \ ' , l l t , ' t r \" l l | | " \ l
( ru(lt Ptl f()lcl|llts.
Asphalt Binder: Asplrelt (cnirnl lllilt is rlussificrl a((ofcling to llrc Stln(lilr(l
S l ) c c i t i c r t i ( ) nI i r r -l ) e r l ir n r r r|rr r c ( i c l e c i: \ s p h a l t I l i n ( l e r . , \ . \ 5 l l - l ( ) I ) c s r g n r L t i o n
\ l l ) L I t c i m b c e i r h c l u n r n o c l i l i e ' col r r r r o c l i l i c ctlr s p l r e l tc r r l r n t . u s l o r r g l t s i t
urniplics l itli tlrt spct iliculior.rs.
ltt 'tt G':t
A s p h a l t C e m e n t s : r \ t l L r x r r l o l u n f l r L x r : cllr s p h r r l ts p c c i r r l l r 'p r t l l r l t r l l L st o lTr
( l L l l l l i t \ l L n ( l( o n s i s l e n ( \ ' f O r r l i l t ' r . 1t r s c i n t l r ( n l l t r r t r f l L r ' l L l l r ' ol L
f s P l L L lpl : r r t ' = -, ct
cti,
nIcnt5.
Asphzrlt Concrete: Scc Ikrt \lir Asplr:rlt.
ltt
=
# Ui,
D
ltt = F
A s p h a l t L e v e l i n g C o u t s e : A c o L r r s t o l h o t n r i x i l s l ) h l L l t( ) l L r n i l i ) n l ( ) r \ i l f i l l l ) l ( ' -
-
t h i c k n e s s l r s c c lr o c l i n r i r - ] i t l ti '| r ' t g r r l r r I i l i t ' si n t l r t ' , : O n l o r r Io l r t n e r i s t i n g s r r r f l t c c { g:t
eit G'
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l t r i o l t o l t l a c i r r g t l r c \ L r l ) \ ( ' ( l u t l r l( ( ) L r f \ e . rl
Asphaltenes*:
-fhc
l r i g l r n r o l c c i r l r L rl r t i g l r l l rr r l l r r ' ; L l l r o nl l e r t i o r . rp l c i i l r i t : t t c c l G' c)
-, {
tronr rtsphtlt br lr rltsignlttctl lrer:rliinit nrrplrlllr solrcnt ltt lt sptcilir-rl solvr.'nt v'i, ltl
asplrrlt llLtio. { vi, -
Autornatic Cycling Control*: A (()lltl()l s\ st('nr irr rr lrich llrc opcning entl - ! =
c l o s i n s o 1 r h c l c i g h l t o l r p c l c l i s c l l L l g ( c l r t c . t l r t l r i l u r r r i n o u sc l i s t l u r l g c r r r L r c . ci,
!G u,
a n t l t l i c p u g r r r i l l d i s t l r e r g r g l l l r l r c r l ( t L l l t r ' ( ll r r n r c l r n s o f s t ' l f l l t l i n q n r c t l r : u t i - = =
c a l O I t l e r t r i r e i r r a r l r i n e - n w i l l t O t r t l t | \ i n t c n l l c ( l i l l l c n ] l r n t r ; r tl o n l | o l . l l r , . ' s t s ct
r c | D i n ( l u ( l e s p r e s c l l i n r i n g t l t v i c c s t O c ( ) n t r ( ) lt h e c l c s i r r : cpl c r i o c l s O f c l r t l L n t l -
\\'rl nri\ing ( \'clcs.
' \S I\l l)('linrlir)ns
A u t o m a t i c D r 1 - e r C o n t r o l * : \ s r s t t , n r l h i r t r r L r t ( ) n r i r l i ( i l l nl \l l r i n t l r i n \ l l r ( ' t e l l l l ) ( l l l t t l r ( ' l r l r L g g r c
gates clistllugccl llorr thc rlrrt'r'rrilltitt lr l)r(scl r-LIrgc.
Automatic Pr()porti()ning Contfol*: .\ s\ st('nr in \ hiclr l)r( )l)()rti()n5ol lltcr rtggtcgltt' ;Ltltl
I r s l t l I t l t 1 r ' t r c t i 0 ntsr t . t ' i o r t t r t l l l c t l l r t n r e t L r r (r ) 1g l l c \ ( ) f t : t l r t ' s . r r l t i c l t l t r e o l t t ' t t e t l l t t l t l t l o s t ' t l l l r
n l c . L n s( ) l s t l l e i t i n g r l l r , , : h l t l r i t t r(l) r ' ( , 1 ( , ( l r ( n l i n f i l l c l r i n ( ' r \ \ \ i 1 l t ( ) u tl l n \ ' i n t t f r l l ( ' ( l i l t e l l l l L l l t l i l l( ( ) l l
1 r ')(1 .
B a n k G r a v e l * : ( l [ L r C l l i r L r n c il D n r l t u r i l l t l t , P o s i t s .r r s L I r l l r i n l c I r r i r c t l \ i t ] r l i t t t r t i r l t e l . i i lsl L t ( l ) : t \
s t r n i lo r r l l r o r ' , . o t l r i t t t l i o r t st l t r ' r ' t o f i: n c l r r c i c gs L r r r . ' l hr ' 1 l L rg. t l t I c l ] \ ' s l t l t ( l . , . 1 l t r cgt r t l r t ' 1 t. t t t t l
s l r n c l r g | r r r c 1 ( 1 1 r (l r i t l r r ' s i n ( l i ( : r t c l l l r l t l r r t i r t P r ( ) P O t t i o n sO l t l t r - 'r t I L l r ' t i l L l i' n t l l ( ' l l l i \ l L l r e )
B : r s e C o u r s e : ' l l r c l r t r c I o l t t L t l c r i r t li n t n t ( ' ( l i i t l ( ' l \l l e t l t l t t l l t ] t e s L l r l i l c ( ( ) r i l l t ( ' ll l l e ( l i i l t c a ( ) t l f s ( ' l l
l l t l r \ l ) c ( ( ) n r p ( ) \ ( , c ol l c r r r s l t c t ls t ( ) n c .( f u l l ( ' ( i s l r r g .t l L t s l r c t l o r L l t ( f t t s l t t ( l g r l L r t ' l l t t t c ls l t r t t l .t t t o l
h o t n r i x l r s P l L r l t .t r P i t r L l l r r r i t h l r r . q t r s i z c i l g g f ( ' g i l l e
B a t c h P l a n t * : , \ n r u n r r l r t t r r r i n g l r t c i l i t i r r P | o r l L r t i n gr r s p l l l L l P t rriinu nri\lLlrrs tlrllt I)r'()l)()rli()tls
f h c i r g g r c g l l t ( ( ( ) l t s l i l L t r n l si l l t ( ) t l t e l l l i \ l r r s t ' i q l r e c l l r . t t c l r e sr t n r l l t t l t l s l t s l t l l t l t t t l t t t r i r t l l t l c i t l t t t '
\\ ( lg1il ()r \()lLlrtt('.
B i t u m e n * : . \ , .1 : L sos l l r l r r c l io l t l l r r k c o l o l t ' c l ( s o ] i c l .s c n t i s o l i c l .( ) r v i s c ( ) L l s () ( ' l r l t l t t i l i ( ) L l \s t l l )
SllLll(.ts'lllllllIlLltlrIlltIlrtftt.trtt'ttl't<ltll1lrlsctl1lI'irlci1lllll'
o l l l r i c l r l l 5 J ) h 1 l l tIsl l.f s .p i r ( h ( ' . r i r . r r ir s p h l L l t i r cl tsl t ' 1 r p i c : t l .
'l
B l a s t - F u r n a c e S l a g * : l t e n ( ) n n t c t l r l l i (p r o c l u tl . c o n s i s t i n g e s s c n t i l l l V o f s i l i c r t t c sr t r t t l r t l L t t t t i t>t ts i l i -
c l r l r s o t l i r ) t ( 'e r r c lo l o t h e r l ) l l s c s ,l l r l l i s c l c r t l o P c r l s i r r r r l t e n e o r r s l r\ \ i t h i t o n i n r L b l l t s t t t t t n e c c .
Bleeding of Flushing: l ltr ups lLrclnl()\ crrcr'lt Of lspltrtlt in ltlt :rsphltlt l)it\ crlleltt tesrtltit.tgit.t
'l
l l l t f o l . l l t i t l i ( ) no l l t l i l n i o f t r s P h t r l (t ) l r l l i r 5 u l l . l c ( . l r t ' r r r O s tc ( ) n t l l t o n ( l L L l s ci s I ( x ) l l t t l c l l l l s l ) l l x l t
i r t o r - i eo L r t t o r t o i t l r c p : r \ c l n c n t c ( ) L u - 5 c sr '.( s u l t i n g f l o r t i t o o r i c h i L p l i L n t r t t i x . l r r i r t t P t o p e t l \ c r t t t
s t f u c t ( ( l s c l l l ( ( ) i l t . l ( x ) l r t , l L r t t l t r i t t t c ( ) l l l l c k ( o ; l l . ( ) Ls ( ) l \ c n t t r t t n i n g l i s l l l L t l l t ( ) t l l e s L l l l l l c c .
I l l t r c l i n g o r I l r t s l r i n . qt t s t l L l l r ' o t < l t l s i n l l ( ) t \ \ ' ( r t t h ( ' r .
C l i n k e r . : ( i c n t r ' l r l l r t r t i r s t : t lo r p x r t l v I r L s c ( l r v p l o t l u c t o l t h e r r r r r l r t t s t i o n o f c t x t l . , \ l s o i t t c l l r t l t ' s
l e r : r u r t c l l ) ( ) r t L l n ( lt t n r t n t r l i n k e t r t t t c lp r t r t l r l i t r i f i e c l s l l t g i l t t ( l l t r i ( k .
C o a l T a r * : . \ c l e r k l r l . O u r .tt( ) l ) l l t c k c c n r ( ' n ( i l i ( ) L lns r l r t ( r i u l p r o c l r r t r c l l r r r h c t l t s l t L t c t i r e ( l i s t i l l l i t i o t t
o f l r i t L r n r i n o t r cs o l r l .
'I-hc
Compaction: lrcr of contplessing e gir cn r olrrnrc ol rnrtlcriltLinto :r stttallcl r olr-ttttt'.
I n s r r l l - i t i e - nct() n t l ) l ct ti ( ) l l O f t l r r l L s p l r r r lll) i r \e r e n t c ( ) u r s e sn l : l \ t c c c l c n L l c t l l e o n s c t ( ) f P x \ c l t l ( l l t
( l i s t r c s s t s( ) l \ l r r i ( ) L r ts\ l ) c s .
Consensus Propcrties: -\ll!-{reglltcchtrIrLtt t'r'istics thlrt lLr'<'cliticel to \c)l pctfornting h()t ltrl\
l t s p h ; r l t .r c g r t l . l l t s s O l t h c l g g r c g l r t r s o r [ r ' e . l r n c ] r r h o s t ' l i n r i l i r . r g\ i r l u c s l r r e s t l l ) \ ' t l l e S I I P ( ' r P r t \ e
s p e ( i ti ( i l t i ( ) n .
'l1re 'I'llc
Consistency: clcglcc ol lluiclitr ol ls;lhlrlr (cnienl .lt ln| l)!lr'1i(Lllilrt(lttper:ttLlrt. c()n
sistcnc\ of tsplllLll tcrnent \ltries \\'ith its trmperiLlLrre; thcrck)rc. il is r.ttcesslll"' t() tlse lt colll
l.non or stilnalllr(l tclltptlrtufc l lrcn <rnrplling th(' ( onsistenc\' of ()nt xsl)llillt celltent \\ itll
Irn()tllcr.
Corrugations (Wa-shboarding) and Shoving:'l |pcs ol pil\cnrrnt (list()fii()n. (l()rrug]ti(n.t i\ .l
t i r r l t < t f p l a s L i r ' n l ( ) \ c n t r l t t t v p i f i c c l b v r i p p l c s e c l o s s t l r t ' a s p l r e l t p x \ c n r e n t s t t r f u c c .S l t o v i t t g i r - r
i i r l . n t o f p l a s t i c l ( ) \ ( n r c n I r ( ' s l r l t i n g i l r l o c u ] i z t c l b L r l g i n go f t l l r l ) i l \ ( n l ( ' n t s u r f u c c . T h c s c c l i s t o r
t i ( ) i t s u s u i l l i \ ' ( ) c ( u r i l l i l ; r o i n t s l h e r e t l l l l l c s t i l r t sl n r l s t o p s . ( ) n I l i l l s \ \ l l c r e r c l t i c l e s b l t k c o l . l
t h c c l o . ' . , n g l r r L co. n s h l r p ( L r n e s . ( ) t ' l h c r e v r h i c l c s l r i t l t b L L n r p1 l n ( l l ) ( ) L r n c et l p l l l t ( l ( l ( ) \ \ n . T I t c \ '
{ x ( u r i n l t s l ) h : t l tl l } r : r s t l r a t l e c k s t a l r i l i t r . L l r c k o f s t r r l r i l i t v r t l t v b c c l r . t s t c ll ) \ l l I l l i - \ t r l r cl h e t i s t o o
l i c l r i n l r s l t l l r l t . l l r s t c x r l r i g l r r p r ( ) p ( ) r t i ( ) n( ) l I i n c i r l - a ! a r e g x tl el t .s c o a t s i . ' ( ) r f i r t e r l g g r e g l l t el l t x t i 5
t(x) rounal ( ) L too sll()()th. o l l l t s esplielt c e r l l e n t t h l l t i s t r r r s o ll. It nln':tlso irc clut to ctcctrire
nr()istLrrctr.tcl ol corttlur inllti()n (luc to oi1 spillrtge.
C f a c k s : { l r e i l l ' s i r t t l r e s r r | t l r r - co l : L n r r s p l r . r l tI r i l \ ( , n r i , n 1l l r c r o o r n i o | r t \ l ) c s i l r c :
d l i g a t o r C r a c k s : I n t t ' r ' c o nn c ( t c ( l ( r i r ( l i ' l o I D r r n g r Ls r [ i c s o l s r r r a l ll r l o t k s r e s c r t t l r l i n gl t n r t l l i
! i t t o r ' s s k i r t o r c l t i c k c n u i t t ' r t n r l t . r L r ' e t l r r c \ t ( ' \ ' i \ c r l c l l t ' r t i o no f l l r t s L t t t l L t t ' o r t ' Lt t n s l r t l r l c
s t t l r g r e c l to t l o u t r t o r r r . t s o i t l t r , l r r r r r - . n t r . n t
E d g e J o i n t C r a c k s : l l r e \ e l ) . r r ; l l r ( ) nL r i t h c 1 o ; n tl . r ' t r rt ' , . ' r rl l r e p : n e r r r c n t a n r l t l r e s l r o u l c l c r .
( ( ) n r l ( ) n l v r l t t s t c l h r t l t r ' . r l l r ' r ' n r r t r ' \ \ ( ' t t l n g . l l, r: (l l r i n , Jl r t ' n r ' . r l lt r] r c s l t o L t k l e sr L u l : l c e(.) t h c f
( i l u s c s r L r ( ' s h ( ) L t l t l c\re l t i e n l r n l . n r i t s l r I r n k r r g r . : L n r tl r Lrr k ' : t | l r ci c l i n g t l ) c j () i n 1 .
I-ane Joint Cracks: l-or-rgitrr(ll nlLl \cpirriltiolls rLlon.qtlr,.' ('ilnr ll('l\\'('('n trr o ltltr ir-tglltrres
c t t t s t ' t l l r t l L l t ' l k s t l r t t b c t r r e c r t l r c l j o i n i n . qs p l c r t c i si r r l l r c t o L r r s c so l t l t c p l t r c n t c n t .
Reflection Cracks: Cl:tcks rn ltspltelt o|t:rlevs llriLt f('flc( f tlr('(ril(li prLttrrn in 1he l)rl\enient
-l'hct
s t n r c t L l r cu n c l c l r t c : r 1 h . a l e c a r r s e c l x v e n i ( x l ( ) r l r ( ) f i z ( x r t l r nl r ( ) \ ' c n l e n l si n t l r e p l i r e r r r e n t
l)cnrlrtlr thc ovclllr,, lrncLl>rouglrr orr lrr cxpansior.r rr.rclt tinllrr liorr l ith tcnrPcr':rtule or
n r () l s t L lcl c i t x n g c s .
Shrinkage Cracks: lr-rtcrrrrn necl crl t r;rcks forrring lr stlit's of llrrgt blrr ks. LrsrlLllvl illr
s f l r t l r c o r n c r s o r l u r g l c s . F r c ( l u e n l l v l l l e v x r r ( x u s c c l l r r , r r r l r r n r e t l l L n g e i r . tc ' i l l r e rt l l c x s l ) l ) l L l t
r t t i x o r i r r t l r t l ) r L s co t s r r b g l r c l t .
Slippage Cracks: (lrstcnt shll)c(l crlcks tllilt llrc ()lxr) in th( (lirccti()n ol the th|rrst rtt
u l t e c l s o n ( l l e p : r l r n r c l l t s u r f i l c c . T h e v l c s u l t r r h c n . l s c v e r c o r r c p e x t c ( l s h c l r Ls t L c s s e sl r L c
. r p p l i e ( l l ( ) t l r t ' s L I i r c t ' r n r l t h c l c i s : r i l r c k o l g o o c l l x r n c l l ) e t \ \ e e n t h e s L r r l l r c cl l r r c r l r n c l t i r e
c O l r l s e l r c n e : r l(r .
'l
Cmsher-Run*: lre totlrl LrrrscLccnecL prorluct o1 a slonc crushcl.
Cutback Asphalt: .\splrelt cenrenl s hich hes bcen liclr.rcficrlbr,' lrlcrrclinq s itlr u prtrolcunr sol
v e n t ( l l l s ( ) c a l l c c l : t c l i l u c r . t t )t.o f i r l n r o r r r ' o f I l r c t i r l l o u i n g c l l l l ) l l ( k r s p ] r r l t s . [ - p o r r c x y . r o s r r ct < r
iltln( )sl)lleric conclitions Llre clilrrents evll)()nltr. lelrving thc lLsphlrlt ccmrnt to pcrfirrm its tirnc
ti(nl.
Rapid-Curing (RC) Asphalt: (iLrtbrrck rsphult corrrposerl of rrsphrLltccnrcnl rLntl r n.rplrtlre
o ; - g r s o l i n c - t yp c t l i l u c r . r to l - I r i g l r v o l a t i l i t i .
Medium-Curing (MC) Asphalt: Otrtb:rck esphalt corrrposecl ol usphult ccnent ln(l :l
kcrosene tvpe (lilucnl of ntcrlirrut \,oliltilit).
Slow-Curing (SC) Asphalt: (iutbuck rsphult conrposetl ol as;rhult ccrnent iln(i oils of lol
r olltililr'.
R o a d O i l : A h t a v t p c t r o l e u r n o i l . u s u u l l v s i r l i l l L rt o o n e o i t l r c s k r l c u l i n g ( S ( i ) g r l c l c s .
Delivery Tolerances*: I)ctnrissilrlc ruriutions flon tlit' ('\:l(l (lcsirc(l pr()lx)lti()ns ()l :lilgrcgiltc
r t n t l b i t u r t t i r . t o L rnsr r l ( ' r i l l l i r s r l t ' l i r e r c c l i n t o t l t r p r r u r r r i l l .
D e n s i t y : ' l h c c l e g r c e o l - s o l i c l i t , ,t l r l r t a l n l ) r r r c l l i r \ c ( l i n l g i l r - ' n n r i x l r r r r . s l r i c l r r r i l l l r c l i r n i t c t l
onlt lx the krtlti tlinrir.ntior.o t f roirls lrtTlccr't pilfii(l('s in the nruss.
'I ()l
Densification: he x(t iriclruslng the (lensit\ ofu nrirtult cluling thc conlpxcti()n pr()cess.
Distoftion: Anr ch:tngr ()f tlr(' pllVcnlcnt srlrf:lcc fi1)nr its original slLrpt.
Dfum Mix Plant: -\ rnanuf:rctuling fucilitt for proclucing es;rhllt Plving nrixtllrrs llLrL pro;ror
ti()ns the ilggregltc. then (lrics ltr.ttl rnixes thc eggfcgltr \\itll rL pr()p() i()nrrl rtnl()Llr-ltri1 rtsphllt in
t h c s i l n l c c l r u l n r \. l t r i i r t i ( ) n so f t h i s n p c ( ) l p l l n t u s c s c r c r l r l t t i r c s r > i c l f t r n rm o r l i l i c : l t i o l r s ,s c l ) l r r l r T c
( e n t l s n r l l l c r ) n r i - \ i n g c l l a l n l s .a n ( ] c ( ) x l i n g L [ r i t s ( ( ( ) i l l e r ) i o e c r ' o n r p l i s l rt l ] c n ] i \ i n g p r ( ) ( c s s .
Dryet*: An ilpplrflrtLrslllxt \\ ill dn thr ]gcfrglrtcs lrncl hcet thcrr to thc speciiictl terr pcrirtrrres.
D u c t i l i t y : ' l ' h e u i r i l j t i ( ) 1r s u l ) s t x n c et o l r e t l n r l n o u t o r s t r c t c h c c it l r 1 r r \. \ ' l r i l e r l u c t i l i t t i s t r r n s i c l
c r c t l : r n c li l n p ( ) r t x n t ( I r l r l ( l r r i s t i ( o f r L s p h l l tc c n l c l r t s i l r D r l n \ ' l l p p l i ( l l t i ( ) n s . l l r c p r c s ( ' n ( c ( ) r '
:tbscncc ol cluclililv is usLlLlll consiclcrccl nrorc signiflcilnt th:rt thc uctuul (lrllrcc of r[Lctilitt'.
Durability: Tlrc ltlope v o1 un usphelt puving rnirture that represents its ul)ilitv to rcsisl clisintr:-
g r : r l i ( ) nl ) ) l c u t h c r i r . r g: r n c l t n l l i c . I n c l r r c l e cul n c l c l s c l r t l r t ' r i n g a l e c l t e n g c s i l t t l t c t l t a l a c t e r i s t i sr
ol tltc lrspllrlt. sLrch rs oxiclllion lrr.rclr ollrtiliz:rtion. lncl clllrrtges in tllc pilvcnrent lnci ltggregatc
rluc to tlrc lrction ot rleter. inclutling frcczing lncl lllll\\ ing.
Emulsified Asphalt: A i Onrbinrttior.rOf :Lsphalt (crnrnt. \\'lltcr enti lr snrell ]1lr()Llnt of lLn etrtulsi-
t , r ' i n gl r g c n t . I t i s e l r c l eI o g en c ( ) L l ss \ s t c l I ( c ( ) n t : l i n i r - l lg\ r r n o m l l t l l r , i n r n t i s c i l t l cs u l t s t l t l t o L t p s ltlts-
c s i l t s l ) l t l r l ti r n ( l \ \ ' r r l ( ' r ) .i n l h i c h t h e \ \ ' l l t c r f i > m r s t h e c ( ) n t i n L r ( ) L pr sh r t s t o l l l l e e t t t r - t l s i o n . : t n c l
ntitrr.rtcglollrlrs of asphult lil'rn the (lisc()ntin u()rrs plltsr'. Enritlsificcl rsplralt rtlt\ bc citht:r
a n i o n j t - e l c i t r r n c g : r t i r e l r c h l r g e c l l r s p l l L l t g l o l r t r l c s - ( r - c l l t i ( ) n i ( t ' l e c t l o l - l r t s i t i v t l lc' h e r g c c l
rrsphrrlt globLrlts rlt'penclir.tgLrp(n tlrL' tnrtLlsifving xgerlt.
Emulsified Asphalt Mix (Cold Mix): -,\ rnirturc of crrrrlsifiecl :rsphrlt uncl xg.qrc-gxtel)r()(lLr(c(l
i n ] c c n t l l l p l a n t ( p l l n t n r i x ) o l . n r i x c t l e t l l r e r o l t c is i t t ( n t i x e c li n - P l l t c t ) .
Fatigue Resistance: l-lre rrlrililv ol-esphull qlrrcnrcnl t() \\'ithstxn(l slight lcpt:tlerl llexing. ot'
l r e r r c l i n g .c u l r s c c lb v t h c p r s s r g e o f u l r t c l l o ; r r l s .A s : r n r l c . t h t l r i g l r e r t l r c i l s p h l l t ( o r . r l e n t .t h t
grertcr thc illtigrLCrcsistxncc.
F l e x i b i l i t y : ' l h t ' : r b i l i n o f l l r r r r s p l r e l lp i l \ c n ) e n t s t r u c t u r r l ( ) ( r ) n l ( ) r n l t ( ) s c t t l c l l c n l o f t l r c l o t r n c l r t
t i ( ) n . C l c n r r x l l \ ' . f l e x i l r i l i t r r i l t l r t u s 1 > h u 1ptu r i n g n r i x l r r r c i s e n h u n c t c l l l l t i g l t e s l t l l t l t c o t t t t ' t r t .
'llrt'
Full-Depth Asphalt Pavcment: Thc tcrnr F'ull l)e'ptlr (rcgistercrl lrr .\splrelt lnstitr.rtc\\'rtlr
t h c t . S . I ) l l t c n t O f f i c t ) c t r t i l i e ' sl l r e l t l r c p r r r e n r c n t i s ( ) n e i n $ l r i c ' h u s P h u l l n t i r t t l l e s e r e
crnplovt'tl for rrll c oLuses :rlror t: tlte plcpr:rcrl srtbgrtclc.
Gtade Depressions: Locllizecl lol ulels ()l linlitc(l size. rvltich nr.l\ or lluv Ir()l l)e xc((ntll)it
n i et l l ) r t l L c k i n l r .
Hot Aggregate Storage Bins*: llins thlrt st()r(' htetc(l :urcl scplrftrt(l irggregxtes plior tO lhctt'
iinrrl pro1-ror-tioningint() the uri\cr.
Hot MLr Asphalt (Asphalt Concrete): tligh clLrrrlitr'.tltoloughlr .(nrtrollc(l Itol rttixtrtlc ol-
r r s p l r r l t l r i n r l c r ( ( e n l e n t ) u n t l u c l l - g n r c l c r l . h i g h r l L r r r l i t li r g g r c g i l t c .u h i c h t r L t -lrr e l l t t i r r r t g h l t c o t t r
p u c l c c l i n t o e u n i l i r r r t r l vr l c r t s er t l t s s .
Impermeability: l'hc resistlrnct lrn 1lspiLrll piL|tnlenl hus to Thr.'P:tssege ()1 rLir ltntl wltlcr tnttr
or Ihrorrqh thc Dlrlr-'nrtnt.
L i f t : - \ l l [ ' c r ' ( ) r c o r l r s c o f p e v i r r u r r r u t e l i l t l: t p p l i c c l t ( ) l l l ) l l s ( ' o t t p t e r i o t t s l r L v c r .
Mesh*: Ihc s(luirrc ()l)('nin.q of rt sit'r't.
'lhc
Mineral Dust: l)orlion of the fine ugglc.qulc l)iLssingtjrc 0.0-5 nrrn (\o. 200) sicvc.
M i n c r a l F i l l e r : A f i n t l t c l i v i r l e t ln r i n t ' r ; r lp l o t l r r c t . x t l e l l s t r ( ) p e f ( c n 1 ( ) f l l r i c l t u i l l P r l s si r 0 . 0 - 5
n l l ( N o . 2 0 0 ) s i c v c . I ' u l v er i z c d l j n r r s t o r i c i s l l r c n r o s t c o r l r r r o n l v n l u r r l r L c t r - r r c cl ill l c r . l L l t l r o t r g l r
( ) t l r e r s t ( ) n c t l L r s t .l r | t l l r t t : t l l i t : . p o r l l a n c l ( r r 1 r c n t . l t n ( l c e | t l i n n u l r [ a l c l c P o s i t so l f i n c l r ' t ] i r i c l e c l
nrincr:ll rrltlcr ale elso trst'cl.
Natural (Native) Asphalt: Asphrrlt Occurring in nxturc. rr hi< h h:rs becn tlcriVcrl flont perrttltunt
l r ' o ( r s s r - so f c r u p o l - i t l i o no l r O ] u t i l e1 r - l r J i o n sl.c e r i n g t h c : t s p h l t l t f f t t c t i o D s .T I i e
t h 1 ( ) r . l q lnl t L t r r r x p
n u t i v e l r s p h i r l t( ) i n r ( ) s t i n r p ( ) r l : u r c t ' i sf i r u n r l i r . rt l r e ' l i - i n i c l l r cllr n c i I l t ' r r r r L r c l elz- l k e r l c p o s i t s . A s p l t : t l t
f r r r r r l l r r s e ' s o u r c c s i s o l i c n c l l l e c l l a k c l r s p h l r l t .l ) r ' l c t i c l l l v n o n c o l t h i s r t s p h l L l ti s L t s c c il n t l t c
l 'nitecl Strrtcst(xll\..
Open-Gfade Asphalt Ffiction Course: ,\ pir\(,nrcr-ll srrrflrcc coulsr llrxl (onsist\ ol rt high r'oid.
l s p l l r l t p l e n l n r i x t l r e l p c r r r i t s r r r p i c lr l r a i n a g c ( ) l r l i n \ \ ' i r T ( ' r ' l h l o r r g l trl t c c o t L L s et n r l ( ) u t l l r e s l t { ) L l l
c l e r ' . ' l i r c n r i x t i r r e i s r ' l r ; r r r' ;' rt r r - i z cIcl x : r l l t r g e p e r ( e n t l i g c t > f o t r c s i z e r l ( ( ) l l r s c e g g r ( g i l t c . l h i s
( ( ) L r r s rp f u \ ' c n t s t i r c I N c l [ o P l : t n i r g l r n t l P r o r i r l e s ; r s ] !i c l -l c s i s t lnl t J ) l l V e | l r e nsl u r l r l ( c .
Pavement Stfuctufe: .\ plr\'('lrtnt. int lLrtling ell ol its cr>trrsesof lrsplrllt lggrL'girte ri-\tu1cs. ()l'
:r torrrlrjnltion of lrsphllt couLscs lrncl untrclrtcrl xggrcgxte cor-rlscs.plltcctl rtlrovc lltc sultgrltclc
o l i r u l > r ' ocr c l s r r b g n t c l c .
'l-he
Penetfation*: cor-rsistenc v o| I bitlrminorr. lrlrlrlilrl e\plcsseaL lls thc (Listxr]cc(in tcnths ()f e
n)illir)rcter) tllrt e stlnclercl nctclle pcnctlrtc: rL ' r u l p l e v c l l i c u l l v u n c l c l s p c c i l i c c l c r x r c L i t i o n so f
l , , . r , l i r t gt i r t , . r r ( l t ( r r l \ ( ' rl t r , r , '
P e n e t f a t i o n G r a d i n g : { c l r r s s i l i c r r t i o rsi\ \ l r n r ( ) i : r \ l ) 1 l 1 L cl t( ' n l ( l r t s b l s t ' c l o n p e n e l r : l l i ( ) n i n 0 . 1
l l l n r x t 2 i C ( - ; - } r ) . l h t r t r t r c l i i c s t e n t l . L l cll) e r r r ' t r . r l i l ) rg.rl r t t l c s l o l p i l l i n g : - i 0 5 0 . 6 0 ? 0 . i J i - 1 0 0 .
1 - 2 01 5 i i . : r n ( i 2 ( 1 0J O o .
Performance Graded (PG): .\:ph:rit lrrntlel gleclc clcsignrrtion rrsctl in Srrprclpavetl)xseal on thc
l r i n t l t r ' s r n c c h l r r r i c ] lP c | l i i r n i l r n c r l l t ( r i t i c r l l e n r p L - [ r t L l r c u
5n r l . r g i n g c O n r ] i t i r i n sT
. lris ststent
clilcctlt corlelatts Lllxrretort tcsting to Iirlcl pcrlirrnrancc throLrglr r:ngint('ring principlcs.
Plant Screens*: Screcr1skrclltccl bet$een t)re clrlel rrncl lrrit lrin. \lriclr scPrrlirtc hcltecl eggrt'
! . r l L- r n l , , 1 r 1 " 1 rr l r ' , 1l r i r r . r z r ' -
Poise: A cclltirnrtcr-gnlr)r-scc()nal unit ol rl)s()iuiL, \isc()sit!. e(lLrill t() tlrr \iscosit\'()f x t-luiclin
N h i c h l r s t l e s s o f o n t ' c l v n c p c r \ ' l L r . r t Lc L n t i ] I L t e r i s f ! q u i r t ' r l t ( ) n ] l i n t i r i n l r t l i f t i ' r t n c e o l r e l o c i t r
ofonc ccntirnetr p(r scc()n.l bet* ee'r.rt*o pllrllel 1)lxncs in the fluicl rh:rt lic in tlrt clirctlirin ol
llrs ancl ale scplrlattcllx e tlistante of one ttnlinretrl.
Polymer Modified Asphalt Binder: A convcnlior.nl xsl)llllt (enrcnt t() \\'hich 1l st)'r'cnc l)l(xk
< o p o l V n r ( r ( ) r s t v r ( ' n ( ' l ) L r t l r ( l i ( n cr L r b b c r ' ( S I S Rh) t c x ( ) r D c o p r c n ( ' l i r t c \ h i r s l r t t n a c l c l e ctl< r
irrprovr ptltixrnlrncc.
Raveling:'l hc Ploglcssir c seplllilti()r] ()l ilggregltc prlrticlrs in r p1l\tnrent frorr llre strliltrc
t L x n u l L t l o r i r r n r t h e c ( L g c si n \ \ : l r ( 1 .R r n e l i n g i s c l r r r s c cllx l l r c k o f c ( ) n r p l L ( ( i ( ) n(.( ) n s t n r ( t i ( ) n ( t
x rhin lilt clr[irrg cokl \\'eilthcr. tliltr oI clisintcgr':lIingll]grcgltc. trxr littlt' lsl)lrirlt in llr(' n)ix. ()r
. ' r r ' t l r r ' . , 1 | I'l 'r1] 1 1 1 .11 . 1 r 1 1 1
. 11111i r
R u t s ( C h a n n e l s ) : ( i l o o r c s t h : r t r l t ' r c l o p i n t h r ' * h c c l t r l l ( k s ( ) f r r p r r \ ' ( ' n r r n l .( l l r e n n c l s r t t : n r c s u l t
l h r n r c o n s o l i c l a t i o no r l a t c n r l l r o l r n r c n t r r n c l c rt n f f i c i n o n t ' o r r r r o r c o l t l r e r . r r t crl 'e1 irn g c o L t r s t ' s ,
o r l r v r l i s p l l L c e r r c n ti n t h c l r s l r i l r l t s r r r l l r c cl a r c r i t : e l f . ' l h r v m l r r c l c l c l o p r r n c l c rr l a f l i r i n n c u
a s p l r e l t p u v r m c n l s t l l i t h l r ( l t r x r l i t t l , : c ( ) l n p l l c t i ( ) nr l u r i r r g c o n s t n r r l i o r r o r l r o r r l ) l l s t i c n i ( ) \ c n r c n t
in l nrix thlt rkrt's noI hir\c cnoLL.qh st:rbilitrt() supp(){ tll('trlrllr(.
S a n d A s p h a l t : A r n i \ t u r r o f s a n c l l n r l a s p l l r i t c e n r c n l . t t r t l r a c l i a s p l r e l t o l c r t r u l s i l i t c li l s p h l l t . I t
n r : r r b c p r c p l r r e c lr r i t h o r ' * i t h o r r l s l - ) t ci e l ( ( ) n l r ( ) l ( ) l i l g g r c g r l t t g n r r l i n g l r n c l r l I L \ ' ( ) r r l l r v n o t ( ( ) n
tlrin nrjnerill lllltr. l-lithcr'lrri\ing ir-rl)Llce ()r pLllnt 1li\ c()nstrLlcti(nrnllv lx' ('nrl)l()\'('(1.Slncl
rrsphllt is usccl in constructi(m ol l)()th lnsc encl sLlrlrlcc a()Lrrses.
S h e e t A s p h a l t : A h ( ) t n r i x l L l r r o l e s p l r l r l tl r i n c l c r r j t l r t l c e n . a r r g r r l r r rg. m c l c c ls l r n c ll l n ( l m i n r r J l
l l l l r r ' . I t s u s c i s o l c l i n e r i l v r o n f i n t ' r l t ( ) r c s e r r ' ( ) i rl i n t ' r ' sr r n t l l r r n c lf i l l c r L p s ru s u : l l l \ l l i ( l ( ) n r n l l l t c r
r n c c l i a l co l l c r c l i n g c o l r l s c .
Sieve: In l:tbo|ltton \\1)rl\. lur rppllllLls irr \hich llrt ()pcl.lir.rgsin tlie llresh rIc sclulrfc ii)f sePx
l ] r l i n g s i z ( ' s ( ) t l r i r t ( ' r i i lL
Skid Resistance: 1-lrc lbilitv ol lrr.r:rsphrrlt 1-niir-rvsrrrflrce. pllrti( Lllxrlv u lrcn rr et. to oill'r re :is-
tilncr to slil)ping or skiclcling.'l rc llLrlorsli)r (t)luinins high skicl rcsistrncr rur.qtnorrllv tltc
s l L m c l t s t l r ( ) s c f r x O l r t ] i n i n g h i g l r s t l r l r i l i t r .I ) x r p e r l L s p h l l t c o n t c n t l r n t l i l g g r c g x l e \ \ ' i t l r : L r o u g l l
'I'lte
sultlr(c T('\tur('lrr('tltc gr(tltcsl crrnllilrtLtors. i l g g r c g i r t ( ' n r L l s nt o f o n l t h l r t ' r r l . O r r g hs u l f l r c c
l c \ t L r r e .l ) u t u l s o l e s i s t p o l i s l r i n u .
S o l u b i l i t y : A n r c l l s u r e o l - t l r e 1 - r r r l i t ol f u n r r s ; r l r e l (t e n l c n t . T I r t r r b i l i t t o l t h c p o r - t i o no f t h e
r L s p h l l t r ' t ' n r e n tt h r t t i s s o l L r b l ek r b c c l i s s o h c r l i n l t s l r t c i f i r - ' rsl o l r r ' n t .
Soufce Propefties: (lriticlrl llggrcg,rite.hlu'lrctclistics. $hich bcclrtrse c>fthrir nlrturt. !ire s()ur(c
s p c c i f i c l r n r l u l r o s c l r s c l n c l l i n r i t i n g r l L l L r r sl r e s o u r c t d t p e n t l c n t l l n ( l c s t l r l ) l i s h c cllr t t h e u s r n . r l
llgcnc\.
S t a b i l i t y : l h c l b i l i t r o l a r . t : t s 1 > l r apl tl r \ i n g n i \ t u r e s t ( ) r e s i s t ( l e l i) n l l l l ti () r ) l r o n r i n r p r > s c cllo l t t l s .
S t i r l ) i l i l vi s c l e p e n c l c n lL r p o n l r o l h i n t c r n l l f l i c t i o n l r n r l , . r r l r e s i o r r .
S t o k e : , \ r r n i l o l I ' i r r c r n t r t i cr i s , : o s j l t . c c l L r r rtlo l l l c \ i s c ( ) s i t \ ' o f r r l l L r j t li r t l t o i s e s c l i r i c l t t l l r t t l l c
rlt'nsirr' of tlrr lllritl in .qtrrrs pcl cr-tlticc('rttittt(1tr.
-llic
Subbase: r o r r r s r , i n t l r c l r s p h l t l t p l l l r n l e n t 5 t r L r ( J u f ri -t t t r t t c c l i l L t t l lvr c l o r r t l l t ' l l e s e c o r - L l s cI.i
t h c s t t b g l r t l t s o i l l r a s r t c l c t l t l t t cs i l l t P o r l . i l r l l l l \ s t r r e i t s t l l c s L l l ) l ) ; l s ( ' .
S u b g r a d e : ' l ) r e s o i l l t r t ' p l f c ( l t ( ) s u P p ( n 1 i l l ) J \ ( n r e n t s t r t l c t t l r c ( ) r l l l ) t \ c n l t n l s \ s t f l l l . 1 1i \ l l r (
litrntl:ttion ()l lllc l)a\clll(llt strLl(ltlfc.
Subgmde, lmproved: Sultgllrrit tllLt lns bccn inrplor cri irs ll \\1)rliirlg l)llltti)frtt lrt: I ) thc in, or
(clllellt. illl() th('
l ) ( ) r : t t i o l to f g t t n L r l u l n l l l t r r i l t l s o l s t l r l r i l i z t , l ss r r c h l t s r t s p h l l t . l i n r r ' , o t l t r t r l l l L n t l
s r r l t g l l r r l t , s ( ) i l(i ) l : ) . l n \ c ( ) L l r s t( ) r c ( ) L l r s ( so l s t ' l t c t o l i t n p t r > r ' c clll ) l r 1 ( r ' i l lll) l l l c c ( l ( ) n t h t s t l l )
g l l l ( l e s ( ) i l l t e l O r r t h c l l i l \ c n l r n l s t l L l c t u l e .S L r l r g I . a t licn l l ) r () \ c rl ) c r t t ( l ( ) c s l t ( ) t i l l l i ' c Tt l l e c l e s i g r l
t l r j c k n t ' s so l t h e p l t r t n r c n l s l r l r ( 1 L r r c .
Supcfpaver'1: Slto|t 1irr' \Pcl i0r- lgllirr nting .\sphult !413nre|tt - rL pctlorn]ltnct'lresccl stslcnr
fitl sclcttirrg rrrril spccit_r'inglsl)ltillt l)in(lt:rs trnrl lirr rlerelopittg lttt rtsplt:tlt trti-rtrtrt clesigrl.
Supefpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC): A clcvicc Lrsc(l(lufjng SLlpcrp:r\e rllix (ltsign (n- fi('l(l
t c s t i n g l l ( t i \ ' i t i c s l i r l c o n t p l L c l i n gs a r r p l c s o l h ( ) Tr . r ' l i \l l s p h l l l l i n t o s P c c i t t t t ' t t si t s t c l t i r r \ ' o l L t l l l (r I r (
l l n l L l y s i s (. l ( ) n t i n L r o r r cs l t ' n s i f i c e t i o no f t h e s p c c i m e n i s r n t l s r . t r t c l ( l u r i n g t l i c c o l l l J ) i l (t i ( ) l l p r ( ) c e s s .
S u p e f p a v e M i x D e s i g n : \ r i \ t f ( . l L . i - ' r . \ \ l L r ) t l l r . l r r r l ( ! t . r l ( \ t l r , ' t l t , l i , ' l l , , l r r . r l I(i . r l \
( e s p h e l t . l g g r c g l r T ( , )e n c l r o l u n t c t r i c p r () p () r l i () n i n g l i t l r t h e I ) r ( ) i c c ls c l i r t l t t c r L n ( l( l L ' s i g nt r J i l - i (
Viscosity: A llclLsurt oi llre rcsistlrncc t() f-l()\\ of lL liqlricl. It is rttrc Irtcthocl of lllcitsuring tlle
( ( ) n s i s t e n \( o I l t s p h l t l t .
Atrsolute Viscosify: .,\ nlrilsLLrc of tlrr. r isr'osin' of esphltlt. ntt'ltstrecl in pttises. c()n(lLl(1('(l:li
: l t er ) l l x r l t t u l( ' O f 6 0 ( l ( 1 + 0 F ) . l h c t e s l n l e t l t o ( l L r t i l i z e si l p l l l t i i r l \ l L c u L l n tt o i n c l u c e 1 l < > \ t n
titc Visc()rrele[.
Kinematic Viscosity: .\ llrc,.rsLrIeof tltc Visrrrsjtt of ltsplLilt. rttcltsLtrt-cljn ccntist()kes. c()rl
( l L l c t c ( l t t i L l e m p e f t t t L l r (( ) 1 1 3 5 C ( 2 r i I ] ) .
Viscosity Grading: A clessificlrtion s\stcnl ()l lrspltelt cements lrlscd ort viscositt rllnllts 3t 60(l
( l + 0 F ' ) .A l l r i n i r l ] u r \ i s c ( ) s i t Vr r r l J 5 ( l ( 2 - 5 F ) i s u l s o r r s L [ t l l Ys p e t i f i c c l . ' l l r t p i t r ' l r o s ci s k ) p f c -
s c r i l t t ' l i n t i t i r . t gr r l l r c s o f ( ( ) n s i s t e n c vl t t h c s ( ' t \ \ 1 ) t c n l l ) e n t l u r t s . 6 0 C l ( I i 0 F ) l l l ) p r ( t x i l l l l l t e st l l ( '
r n x i r r r u r t t t c m p c r i r t u r t o f a n l t s p h : t l tp i l v e l t t c n t s t t r f l l c t i t t s e r r i c c i t l l l r c l . S : l J 5 ( l ( l r 5 F )
Irllpt( )x inlltcs tlre trrixing linrl llrVtirx\n te rpeilturcs fiu'ltot rnix ltsplLtlt llrtVctllellls.
Wet Mlxing Period: The inten ul of linre l)et\\rcn lhr l)eginning of upplicrttiorr ttf rtsphrllt trrater-
i r r l i n l o a p t r g m i l l u n c l t l r e o p e n i n g o 1 t h c t l i s c l t r i r g cg a t c .
'Workability: 'I-ltc
cast tr'ith \ hich p:rVing nrixtulcs nrer' lrc plrtcecl lLItclcorttl:lltciccl.
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C o l N o1. C o lN
. o.2 Col.lilo.3 C o lN
. o.4 C o lN. o . 5 C o l t. l o . 6 C o lN
. o.7
t5 033 576 05 048 8i9 21 013 220 r8 089 lr6 r7 021 30 030 901 l2 02s 386
2r l0r 300 17 074 156 30 036 853 10 r02 330 2.1 060 032 2r 0s6 t!8 l8 112 281
23 129 916 l8 102 191 10 052 716 tl I| 925 26 0i4 639 r0 100 t6l 20 111 818
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Officials, standards of p r : r n t .+ 1
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Tack coats, 5- l0
Thin Film Oven, 2-II
Total Quality
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Toughness, 2 J-
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(lFTHE
MEMBERS ASPHAI.T
IIISIITUTE
olMar|h201]3r
LAs
r i l f a s l l al . . ea t a rca r r r r l e r s i ci Fr l ] l aI l d dl r e s
' AhoNobetSudace
Chemisry LLC!,i :ri i
A l l S I a tAessp h aI In c S . . ]rr t!l
AlonUSALr ri ir
, Andrie lnc. r,,..r".r. rj-
' A -m3iProd[ctsr ., ]
,: .L
Asphalt Mateials,Inc. , t r.:r i t.
Asphail Pmcess0ls lic0rpomred rr,i!i,11 r_
Associaled
' AI0ft)tAflastomen.
Asphall. Inc.rir-- ,j.
Inc I ' , I,
AI0FlllAPetrochemiDals. Inc.F: .., ,
B i l u n al rn c . , 4 i . . , ; ! ' r 1 1 , /
gilumin0us Products Companv i.,..-,. ,
' 8ouchard . .
Coastw|le tvtanaq€meriCoro.
8PPrcducts NodhAmencatnc. ,, t.
C a l t e x C o r y o rlul !l i o! ,nr j T r l t a
Canadian Asphall Ind0stries Inc t.l,.ri i ! iirij ,
Chevr0nTeraco Corporalron
ClT00Asohaln€tinrnq Company .
C o l a sS.. A f r r i : F l r l
C o n o c 0 PohsrC o m o a n v
Consolidared 0,1& Tnnspona orC0Tparvhc
C0RASfALT : ,0" rSl . : , i _ r t . , i :
' o e M e n n o / X e ,d o on
' 0 0 r c oP 0 l y r n Ie r s . .1 , :.
1 ; E r r_ " r ' : , . - . L - r . i \
' 0 o P o n,l1 r , i i ' '
' D y n a s o l L . L' ...C. \. r '
EIUCo 8uilding Pmducts Ltd. ij. :a ,r!rfil
Eruon Asphalt & tmutsions, Inc.lr .jr '.r,,
fnonil0bitLubricanls & S0ecianies Com0anv
E n o n M o b r l L u b . i& c aSnptesc i a I iC e s0 m 0 a n r rv: ; , , , , ,
h0nlerT€rmrnat E Tradinq C0mpani
C A F M a t e r a t s C o r p. o , .r.a, t r o n
'Heatec.Inc
i litr : r,
I h eH u d s oCno m p a n rt 0 r s, r : . . . i
Huntflefininq Company:.., ,r ,:
H u s k0yi lM a * e l i nCgo m p a nt .y' I : , : , : . r r , r a l
t{0 i r,r.r.L
lmpeial0illri . .rtt itr',tiitr
h l a l l AS . L l , r,r| I . q r n
J e t mI n D! .i L , t r , r
{ildat SeniceLtd.lr't.,. rr ' ,;ii pi) iil,r.rr
XochIMareriah Company i"i.-f : r:
l(okosino Malerials. InD.f.r: rr { nt
' KnAI0lil Potyme|s F .t.r ,
L a l a r qAes p h aEt n l q i n e € i ,ntfqt , s . , . t , i i : r ,i T f ! :
r_lLlrr,ri: , i.rt:si,ir :U i}ttn"l
llamthonAshtand p€lroteum LLCi l]r, rl
E .A .M a a n i A s p h C a I0 . . I n cT. ] r 0 e-
malhyConstruclion Comlanv uni::i !,i
McAsphalllndusllhs Lld.t .J,!i;,.1r itj,l t.rr.ril
lvloose Jawkphalt lnc. l,l-..,' /, ;( r]t!i r,l
l v u r y hoyi l U S AI n , c .: r l r I l l
t{ynisE ument;!. fr I i ',r
o l d c a s lM t ea t e n actrso u p, , L
Pararn0unt Petroteum C0rporatton r
' P e n nf l l a i l i m eI n, c .1 , . r:' r ' _i -i
Pelrc.Canada lnc. iirr . i]|] i,,rrrii,,
P e l r o l eBol a s i h i rS o . A . . , ; . r , , , !1 f l , , ! . ! t l t
' P 0 l i m e ti u n p a
^ P o n d e r oPseat A m e r i c aI ns c .r r . , . : . . t !
roteu Cm ompan t ry, . j t l
FEC0PE i_ii;.r i tt|'j r, i
8[PS0LYPf 'n.,r' i l Li l
' thodia
'Bohm hc. ,r,r:,. ,,.1
' S a h t y - ( l e eann dH a aC s ompan ! v . r. ,, ,,,:.
S r s t e mIsn.c .. r i . . . : . i , r . , .
SanJoaqu Bienl i n i nCq0 .I.n c .t r - , . . I i l
S a q e a n t M a r iInnec .I . i l . :
Sen€ca Petroteum Co. tnc. t .i l
ShellCanada ProduDts ,,' - ! . .,r]].
Shelllntemati0nar petrcleum C0mpanv L miled
i
L , .rt: 1 , t . i : r a , , l
She[oitproducts IJS:r .. , ,:
SKCoryotalion :. /fir:,
' spnque E n e q cy o l p 1 . i - ' r i _r .
SuilKoteConoralion |i, j : .t,
TerryIndustdes. Inc.rtri .i il,
T e r P aErn e r cIvn.c ., , r r , ,
T r u m b u l l A s p'h a t r lr-
' Ullmpave
Coeolarion it:r.u ij,r
Unibdnelining Companv r,r.n- ',i
U . S0 i l & H e l i n i nCqo m p a n l ,y r r r ' , r
Valerc tnergyColDomlion rir .,, T,
Vance Erolhers Inc. ;tri:: r ,,.[
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ASHIALTIffiIMM
BesearchParkDrive
P0.Box14052
Lexington,
KY4051 2-4052
(859)288-4960
Fax(859)288-4999