Unit 8.

OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES-VOCABULARY

I. Give Vietnamese meanings.
1. Acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ (v) accept or admit the existence or truth of
2. Archaeological /ˌɑːkiəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ (adj) relating to archaeology
3. Authentic /ɔːˈθentɪk/ (adj) based on facts; accurate or reliable
4. Breathtaking /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/ (adj) astonishing or awe-inspiring in
quality, so as to take one's breath away
5. Bury /ˈberi/ (v) put or hide under ground
6. Citadel /ˈsɪtədəl/ (n) a fortress, typically on high ground, protecting or dominating a
city
7. Complex /ˈkɒmpleks/ (n) a group of similar buildings or facilities on the same site
8. Cruise /kruːz/ (n) a voyage on a ship or boat taken for pleasure
or as a vacation and usually calling in at several places
9. Cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ (n) a style or method of cooking, especially
as characteristic of a particular country, region, or
establishment
10. Distinctive /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/ (adj) characteristic of one person
or thing, and so serving to distinguish it from others

11. Dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ (n) a line of hereditary rulers of a country

12. Emerge /iˈmɜːdʒ/ (v) move out of or away from something
and come into view
13. Emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ (n) a sovereign ruler of great power
and rank, especially one ruling an empire
14. Endow /ɪnˈdaʊ/ (v) give or bequeath an income or property
to (a person or institution)
15. Excavation /ˌekskəˈveɪʃn/ (n) the action of excavating
something, especially an archaeological site
16. Geological /ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ (a) relating to the study of
the earth's physical structure and substance
17. Grotto /ˈɡrɒtəʊ/ (n) a small picturesque cave, especially
an artificial one in a park or garden.
18. Harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ (a) forming a pleasing or consistent whole
19. Heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ (n) valued objects and qualities such as
cultural traditions, unspoiled countryside, and historic buildings that have been
passed down from previous generations
20. Imperial /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/ (a) relating to an empire
21. Intact /ɪnˈtækt/ (a) not damaged or impaired in any way; complete
22. Islet /ˈaɪlət/ (n) a small island
23. Limestone /ˈlaɪmstəʊn/ (n) a hard sedimentary rock, composed
mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material
and in the making of cement
24. Magnificent /mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/ (a) impressively beautiful, elaborate,
or extravagant; striking
25. Masterpiece /ˈmɑːstəpiːs/ (n) a work of outstanding artistry,
skill, or workmanship

26. Mausoleum /ˌmɔːsəˈliːəm/ (n) a building, especially a large

 and stately one, housing a tomb or tombs
27. Mosque /mɒsk/ (n) a Muslim place of worship
28. Picturesque /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/ (adj) visually attractive, especially
in a quaint or pretty style
29. Relic /ˈrelɪk/ (n) an object surviving from an earlier time,
especially one of historical or sentimental interest
30. Royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ (adj) having the status of a king or queen
or a member of their family
31. Sanctuary /ˈsæŋktʃuəri/ (n) a holy place; a temple or church

II. Put the correct preposition for the sentences below.

1. A lot of ancient houses in Ho An remain _ intact _even after several hundred years.
2. A lot of _ heritage __from ancient times are on display at the national heritage
museum.
3. During the different _ dynasties __, the Thang Long Imperial Citadel was expanded.
4. What is special about Hoi An Ancient Town is that it is in a good state of _
preservation _.
5. The old houses have been pulled down in order to build a modern residential
complex _.
6. These historic buildings are an important part of Hanoi's _ relics _ and should be
preserved.
7. The archaeological _ excavations _ that led to the discovery of the ancient city lasted
several years.
8. The tour of the cave and grotto system is the main _ attraction _ for tourists in
Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park.
9. At the Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, visitors can see the _
archaeological _ site at 18 Hoang Dieu street and several famous monuments.
10. In December 1993, UNESCO recognised the Complex of Hue monuments as a
World _ cultural _ Heritage Site - the first site in Vietnam to be added to the World
Heritage list.
III. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits
in the gap in the same line.
1. Cuc Phuong National Park is also a(n) __________ zone of fauna. (ABUNDANCE)
2. A number of caves in Huong Son Complex are _________ sites belonging to the
Hoa Binh Culture dated back to over 10,000 years. (ARCHAEOLOGY)
3. Set in a quiet environment, Hoi An is ____________ by peaceful villages that have
crafts such as carpentry, bronze making, and ceramic. (SURROUNDING)
4. Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park is one of the finest and most __________
examples of a complex limestone landform in Southeast Asia. (DISTINCT)
5. The __________ work in Con Moong Cave area has been carried out for several
years. (EXCAVATE)
6. Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park can be compared to a huge ___________
museum. (GEOLOGY)
7. Last year, we came to the heritage site and beautiful ________ of West Yen Tu.
(LAND)
8. The Champa Kingdom was vividly ______________ by the ruins of My Son.
(ILLUSTRATE)
9. The basic architectural and landscape features of the Complex of Hue Monuments
have been maintained intact since their original ___________ in the early 19t century.
(CONSTRUCT)
10. Yen Tu is a complex of ____________ masterpieces located in a beautiful
landscape. (ARCHITECT)
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. scholar B. technique C. archaeology D. achievement
2.A. ancient B. concern C. associate D. special
3. A. itinerary B. abundant C. elegance D. landscape
4. A. tomb B. dome C. mosaic D. poetic
5. A. numerous B. luxury C. perfume D. mon ment
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. archaeology B. itinerary C. unforgettable D. authenticity
2. A. magnificent B. associate C. mausoleum D. harmonious
3. A. religious B. masterpiece C. prestigious D. abundant
4. A. intact B. nightlife C. relic D. complex
5. A. cultural B. heritage C. memory D. represent
VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. I'd like to book a room with a/an ____ of the sea.
A. outlook B. sight C. view D. scenery
2. When I'm on holiday, I enjoy ____.
A. getting sunburnt B. getting sunstroke C. having a sunbath D.
sunbathing
3. The most popular destinations for ____ holidays are Spain, Italy, and Greece.
A. charter B. package C. packed D. packet
4. When you are staying at a popular resort, there are plenty of ____ to go on.
A. excursions B. expeditions C. pilgrimages D.
sightseeing
5. One day when I'm rich and famous, I'm going to go on a round-the-world ____.
A. cruise B. sail C. self-catering D.
survival
6. You can save money by choosing a ____ holiday.
A. do-it-yourself B. self-catering C. self-study D. survival
7. My favourite part of England is Cornwall. There's some absolutely beautiful ____
there.
A. nature B. signs C. scenery D. views
8. There's a pretty little fishing village ____.
A. by the sea B. on the sand C. on the beach D. by the
shore
9. There's a path that ____ out of the village to a beautiful 14th-century church.
A. follows B. moves C. takes D. leads
10. Costa Rica is one of the most beautiful places I have ever visited. Wherever you
go, you can see the ____ of volcanoes, some of which are still alive.
 A. tops B. heads C . mouths D. ends
11. The beaches were absolutely ____. Sometimes we were the only two people there.
A. unspoilt B. deserted C. natural D. romantic
12. Sri Lanka has some fantastic beaches – miles after miles of golden sand and ____
water.
A. crystal clear B. crystal clean C. light blue D. navy blue
13. The travel agent wasn't to ____ for the overbooking.
A. accuse B. charge C. blame D. claim
14. When I worked as a waiter, the hotel manager found ____ with everything I do.
A. blame B. complaint C. fault D.
criticism
15. It can be quite busy here during the tourist ____.
A. period B. phase C. stage D. season
16. I always enjoy our school ____ to France.
A. excursion B. journey C. trip D. travel
17. Captain Cook discovered Australia on a ____ to the Pacific.
A. voyage B. cruise C. travel D. tour
18. The sunset over Niagara Fall is really a magnificent ____.
A. look B. sign C. view D. sight
19. The hotel where we are ____ is quite luxurious.
A. staying B. existing C. remaining D. living
20. Passengers requiring a special meal during the flight should inform the airline in
____.
A. ahead B. advance C. front D. forward
21. We usually do go by train, even though the car ____ is a lot quicker.
A. travel B. trip C. voyage D. journey
22. The area near the palace gates was ____ with tourists.
A. full B. crowded C. flooded D. covered
23. From the top of the cathedral tower there are some spectacular ____ of the
surrounding countryside.
A. sights B. sites C. views D. scenery
24. She didn't enjoy the Mediterranean ____ at all; she was seasick most of the time.
A. cruise B. tour C. voyage D. trip
25. Known as 'Ha Long Bay on Land', Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex is famous
for its mountains, caves, and archaeological ____.
A. excavations B. sites C. relics D. heritages
VII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning
to the underlined word(s)in each of the following questions.
1. The balance and harmonious blending of various elements contribute to Taj Mahal's
unique beauty.
A. successful B. agreeable C. tasteful D. fitting
2. My Son Sanctuary is a large complex of religious relics comprising more than 70
architectural works such as towers, temples, and tombs.
A. royal B. precious C. holy D. valuable
3. In addition to exploring the caves and grottos, and seeing its flora and fauna, visitors
can also enjoy mountain climbing.
A. flowers and plants B. plants and animals
C. plants and vegetation D. flowers and grass
4. Ha Long Bay has attracted millions of visitors who come to enjoy its breathtaking
views and experience other activities.
A. unbreathable B. heartbreaking C. awe-inspiring D.
unforgettable
5. They can enjoy the -comfort and elegance of five-star hotels and luxury cruise ships.
A. style B. convenience C. standard D. grace
6. Most of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long was demolished in the early 20th
century.
A. rebuilt B. pulled down C. put up D. pulled up
7. Taj Mahal is a giant mausoleum of white marble in Arga, India. It is considered to
be an outstanding work of art.
A. noticeable B. attractive C. brilliant D. significant
8. Recognised as a World Heritage Site in 1983, the Taj Mahal Complex, including the
tomb, mosque, guest house, and main gate, has preserved the original qualities of the
buildings.
A. initial B. ancient C. unique D. perfect
9. As visitors explore this magnificent place, there are always new surprises for them.
A. interesting B. strange C. impressive D.
unusual
10. The mausoleum represents the greatest architectural and artistic achievement of
Muslim art.
A. contains B. includes C. claims D. embodies
VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Though built almost five hundred years ago, the church remained practically intact.
A. in perfection B. in ruins C. in chaos D. in completion
2. Tourists can do and see a lot in Ha Long Bay at a reasonable price.
A. inexpensive B. affordable C. cheap D. exorbitant
3. The major stone sections of the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty remain intact thanks to
the unique construction techniques.
A. special B. common C. excellent D. ancient
4. The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long was first built during the Ly Dynasty and then
expanded by subsequent dynasties.
A. following B. successive C. preceding D.
next
5. Visitors with more abundant travel budgets can enjoy the comfort of five-star hotels
and luxury cruise ships.
A. huge B. plentiful C. mean D. tight
IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the
following exchanges.
1. “I'm not hot. I'm absolutely roasting” – “____”
A. You lucky thing! I'm sure you'll enjoy it. B. Let's go and cool down in
the sea.
C. You'll get a lovely suntan. D. Maybe you've got a sun
stroke.
2. “Why don't you take your T-shirt off?” – “____”
A. That sounds like a good idea. B. Yes, let's take it off.
 C. No, of course not. It's boiling here. D. Because I don't want to get
sunburnt.
3. “____” – “That's a good idea! Then we'll still have a couple of hours left.”
A. I'd like to suggest we see the Imperial first. Then we'll have more time for the
second attraction.
B. Why don't we see the Imperial first? Then we'll have more time for the second
attraction.
C. What do you think about we see the Imperial first? Then we'll have more time for
the second attraction.
D. How about see the Imperial first? Then we'll have more time for the second
attraction.
4. “____” – “I'd like to see a cultural one.”
A. Would you like to visit a natural or a cultural world heritage site?
B. Which site is worth visiting in Hue? The Citadel or the Royal Tombs?
C. Would you like to go to Tomb of Minh Mang or the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty?
D. Do you prefer seeing the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty or Tomb of Minh Mang
5. “Can you recommend a good guest house in this area?” – “____”
A. I know. I prefer a B&B round the corner. B. Yes, there's a nice B&B round the
corner.
C. Wow! It's very kind of you to ask me. D. Let's stop at the first hotel we find.
6. “____” – “Why don't we thumb a lift?”
A Where shall we stay? Can you recommend a good place in town?
B. How can we carry all this luggage by ourselves? It's too heavy for us.
C. Poor us! We've spent a whole day on the road.
D. How are we going to get home? We haven't got enough money for a taxi.
7. “Last year, we went to one of those resorts where everything - food and drink - is
free.” – “____”
A. Wow! I didn't realise you were such snobs!
B. Really? I prefer to go somewhere a bit quieter.
C. It sounds great. I've never been on an all-inclusive holiday.
D. If you want all your meals and drinks included, you can stay on an all-
inclusive basis.
8. “My back feels sore. Does it look a bit red?” – “____”
A. Yes, it does. I think you'll get a lovely suntan.
B. Yes, it does. Probably you should go for a swim.
C. Yes, it does. It's important to go for a paddle.
D. Yes, it does. Perhaps you should keep out of the sun for the rest of the day.
9. “____” – “No, not yet. I might call in at the travel agent's on the way home and pick
up a few brochures.”
A. Have you decided where you're going on holiday this year?
B. Have you booked the flight tickets for your holiday this year?
C. Have you discussed whether or not to go on holiday this year?
D. All are correct.
10. “I'm really fed up with work at the moment. I need a break.” – “____”
A. Why shouldn't you take next Friday off and have a long weekend in Paris or
Amsterdam?
B. I would advise you to take next Friday off and have a long weekend in Paris or
Amsterdam.
C. Why don't you take next Friday off and have a long weekend in Paris or
Amsterdam?
D. You're highly recommended taking next Friday off and have a long weekend in
Paris or Amsterdam.
D. Because the Taj Mahal Complex, including the tomb, mosque, guest house, and
main gate has preserved the original qualities of the buildings.
X. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
TOURISM
Tourism is a big business. Millions of people around Europe spend their winters
planning their destinations for the following summer, and their summers (1) ____ to
foreign climes for two weeks in the sun. They are the modern-day descendants of the
aristocrats and the wealthy who would (2) ____ months to complete the “Grand Tour”
of Europe. But unlike their forefathers, tourists these days get a bad press. They're not
(3) ____ in the local culture, we're (4) ____; they're just after the chance to behave a bit
more wildly than they do at home. What's more, they damage the local environment
and don't respect the locals and their (5) ____ of life.
But are tourists really to (6) ____? Or is it the (7) ____ of the tourist industry, which
has (8) ____ to provide reasonably-priced alternatives? And if the local resort only
offers a succession of bars for the tourists to visit, can we really (9) ____ them for not
doing more cultural activities?
One holiday company, Far and Away, (10) ____ that tourists are crying out for more
cultural holidays and believes that it has (11) ____ to come up with a range of package
holidays which are affordable, culturally interesting, and environmentally friendly.
Their brochure, which is to be (12) ____ later this month, offers 200 holidays based on
cultural themes, including history and architecture, learning the language, meeting the
locals.
1. A taking away B. moving away C. taking off D. jetting off
2. A. spend B. make C. take D. pass
3. A. devoted B. eager C. keen D. interested
4. A. told B. informed C. convinced D. said
5. A. way B. manner C. standard D. means
6. A. criticise B. fault C. blame D. accuse
7. A. criticism B. fault C. blame D. accusation
8. A. avoided B. lost C. missed D. failed
9. A. accuse B. charge C. criticise D. arrest
10. A. claims B. mentions C. informs D. persuades
11. A. succeeded B. managed C . achieved D. resulted
12. A. brought up B. brought out C. brought off D. brought around
XI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the Great Pyramid of Giza was a
monument of wisdom and prophecy built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 B.C.
Despite its antiquity, certain aspects of its construction make it one of the truly great
wonders of the world. The thirteen-acre structure near the Nile River is a solid mass of
stone blocks covered with limestone. Inside are a number of hidden passageways and
the burial chamber for the Pharaoh. It is the largest single structure in the world. The
four sides of the pyramid are aligned almost exactly on true north, south, east, and west
– an incredible engineering feat. The ancient Egyptians were sun worshipers and great
astronomers, so computations for the Great Pyramid were based on astronomical
observations.
Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure reveal many
intersecting lines. Further scientific study indicates that these represent a type of
timeline of events – past, present, and future. Many of the events have been interpreted
and found to coincide with known facts of the past. Others are prophesied for future
generations and are currently under investigation. Many believe that pyramids have
supernatural powers, and this one is no exception. Some researchers even associate it
with extraterrestrial beings of the ancient past. Was this superstructure made by
ordinary beings, or one built by a race far superior to any known today?
1. The word “intersecting” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. crossing B. aligning C. observing D. cutting
2. What do the intersecting lines in the base symbolise?
A. Architects' plans for the hidden passages. B. Pathways of the great solar
bodies.
C. Astrological computations.
D. Dates of important events taking place throughout time.
3. The word "prophesied” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. affiliated B. precipitated C. terminated D. foretold
4. Extraterrestrial beings are ____.
A. very strong workers B. astronomers in the ancient times
C. researchers in Egyptology D. living beings from other planets
5. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Symbolism of the Great Pyramid
B. Problems with the Construction of the Great Pyramid
C. Wonders of the Great Pyramid of Giza
D. Exploration of the Burial Chamber of Cheops
XII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
MY 25,000 WONDERS OF THE WORLD
The coaches at the Uluru Sunset Viewing Area were parked three deep. Guides were
putting up tables and setting out wines and snacks. Ten minutes to go. Are we ready?
Five minutes, folks. Got your cameras? OK, here it comes ...
Whether an American backpacker or a wealthy traveller, Danish, British, French, we
all saw that sunset over Uluru, or Ayer Rock, in what seems to be the prescribed tourist
manner: mouth full of corn chips, glass full of Château Somewhere, and a loved one
posing in a photo's foreground, as the all-time No 1 Australian icon behind us glowed
briefly red.
Back on the coach, our guide declared our sunset to be 'pretty good', although not the
best she'd witnessed in her six years. Behind me, Adam, a student from Manchester,
reinserted his iPod earphones: 'Well, that's enough of that rock.' Indeed. Shattered from
getting up at five in order to see Uluru at dawn, I felt empty and bored. What was the
point? What made this rock the definitive sunset rock event? Why had we come here?
Well, I suppose my sons would remember it always. Except they'd missed the magical
moment while they checked out a rival tour group's snack table, which had better
crisps.
So now I've visited four of the “25 Wonders of the World", as decreed by Rough
Guides. And I think this will be the last. While in my heart I can see myself wondering
enchanted through China's Forbidden City, in my head I know I would be standing
grumpily at the back of a group listening to some Imperial Palace Tour Guide. At the
Grand Canyon I would be getting angr with tourists watching it through cameras –
eyes are not good enough, since they lack a recording facility.
As we become richer and consumer goods are more widely affordable, and satisfy us
only briefly before becoming obsolete, we turn to travel to provide us with
'experiences’. These will endure, set us apart from stay-at-home people and maybe, fill
our lives with happiness and meaning, Books with helpful titles like 1,000 Places to
See Before You Die are bestsellers. I'd bet many backpacks on the Machu Picchu Inca
Trail are filled with copies, with little tieks penciled in the margins after each must-see
sight has been visited. Travel is now the biggest industry on the planet, bigger than
armaments or pharmaceuticals. And yet viewing the main sight of any destination is
rarely the highlight of a trip. Mostly it sits there on your itinerary like a duty visit to a
dull relative. The guilt of not visiting the Sistine Chapel, because we preferred to stay
in a bar drinking limoncello, almost spoilt a weekend in Rome.
In Queensland, the Great Barrier Reef reproached us. How could we travel 15,000
miles without seeing it? How would we explain back home that we were too lazy, and
preferred to stay playing a ball game in our hotel pool? In the end, we went to the reef
and it was fine. But it won't rank highly in the things I'll never forget about Australia.
Like the fact that the banknotes are made of waterproof plastic: how gloriously
Australian is that? Even after a day's surfing, the $50 note you left in your surfing
shorts is still OK to buy you beer! And the news item that during a recent tsunami
warning, the surfers at Bondi Beach refused to leave the sea: what, and miss the ride of
their lives? Or the stern warning at the hand luggage X-ray machine at Alice Springs
airport: "No jokes must be made whilst being processed by this facility' - to forestall,
no doubt, disrespectful Aussie comments: 'You won't find the bomb, mate. It's in my
suitcase.’
The more I travel, the clearer it seems that the truth of a place is in the tiny details of
everyday life, not in its most glorious statues or scenery. Put down your camera, throw
away your list, the real wonders of the world number indefinitely more than 25.

1. What does the author mean by ‘the prescribed tourist manner’ in paragraph 2?
A. They are all backpackers.
B. They are all wealthy travellers.
C. They are all interested in seeing the wonders of the world.
D. They all eat, drink and do the same things at the sites of the world wonders.
2. What did the author think or feel after seeing the sunset over Ayer Rock?
A. She thought it was pretty good. B. She felt exhausted, empty, and bored.
C. She thought that was enough. D. She thought this rock was the definitive sunset
rock event.
3. Why does she think that Uluru is probably the last 'wonder of the world' she will
see?
A. She doesn't like wandering around the wonders.
B. She doesn't enjoy the Imperial Palace Tour Guide.
C. She doesn't like watching the wonder through a camera.
D. She doesn't want to explore the sites the way people around her do.
4. What kind of tourists is she criticising when she says 'eyes are not good enough' in
paragraph 4?
A. those who stand grumpily at the back of the group
B. those who wander enchanted through the site
C. those who look at the wonders through their cameras
D. those who lack a recording facility
5. According to the author, what do a lot of backpackers carry with them nowadays?
A. books with helpful titles B. books that are bestsellers
C. copies of must-see sights D. little pencils
6. The author compares visiting the main tourist sights to ____.
A. armaments B. Pharmaceuticals
C. a trip highlight D. a duty visit to a dull relative
7. What does she mean by `the Great Barrier Reef reproached us' in paragraph 6?
A. The Great Barrier Reef is worth visiting if you are in Australia.
B. It is fine to visit the Great Barrier Reef when you are in Australia.
C. It seems wrong not to visit the Great Barrier Reef once you are in Australia.
D. The Great Barrier Reef is an unforgettable sight in Australia.
8. All of the following are mentioned in the article as memorable aspects of Australia
EXCEPT ____.
A. banknotes made of waterproof plastic B. the fine visit to the Great Barrier
Reef
C. the surfers at Bondi Beach refusing to leave the sea despite tsunami warning
D. the stern warning at the hand luggage X-ray machine at Alice Springs airport.