Quarter 1 Week 1 - Organization and Management

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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Name Subject Organization and


Management
Grade and Section Teacher

Activity 1:
Meaning, Functions,Types and Theories of Management

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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
meaning, functions, types and theories of management. The scope of this reading permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used are fitted for your level
as Grade 12 learners. . The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

• Lesson 1- Meaning, Functions and Theories of Management

After going through this , you are expected to:

1. explain the functions of management;


2. identify the theories of management ; and
3. discuss the theories of management.

What I Know
Read the questions below. Try your best to answer them all. Do not worry much if you don’t know the
answer for this is just a pre-test.

1. Which of the following management theories involves the study of the conduct, demeanor,
or action of people at work?
A. Administrative C. Scientific Management
B. Organizational Behavior D. Total Quality Management

2. Which management theories explain that customer should always be given satisfaction
through attending to their needs and expectations?
A. Administrative C. Scientific Management
B. Organizational Behavior D. Total Quality Management
3. Which among the countries below pioneered the use of the Total Quality Management theory
in managing their employees?
A. China C. Japan
B. Indonesia D. United States of America

4. Large companies should have authority structures and coordination with others known as
bureaucracy. Which organizational management is described?
A. Administrative C. Scientific Management
B. Organizational Behavior D. Total Quality Management

5. A company gives specific workloads to their employees, thus no overlapping of work. The
command is only coming from the top management and coordinated to the employees. What
organizational management is described?
A. Administrative C. Scientific Management
B. Organizational Behavior D. Total Quality Management

6. A management theory that makes use of step by step procedure.


A. Administrative C. Scientific Management
B. Organizational Behavior D. Total Quality Management

7. Which of the following should be innate to the nature of management?


A. Power, Knowledge, Money
B. Coordination, efficiency, beauty
C. Knowledge, Awareness, Character
D. Coordination, efficiency, effectivity

For numbers 8-10, refer to the choices below.

A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Staffing
D. Leading
8. Managers motivate their subordinates to work hard.
9. Managers hire employees to fill in the positions.
10. Managers together with the employees determine goals and strategic actions.
( Note: Please check your answer, see the answer key at the last page)

What’s In
Hello GAS Grade 12! Are you enjoying your being the GENERALS? Well you are now
having your Specialized subject, Organization and Management. Do you know why DepEd is
offering you this subject? (Pause for a while and think for your answer). Yes! Because as a GAS
learner you may think of enrolling in any field of Business Management or Business
Administration when you enter the tertiary level.

In this lesson, you will discover that all organizations need good managers in order to
accomplish their goal. More so, organizational management is not an easy task thus
coordination, efficiency and effectiveness are required to carry out by managers.
What’s new

Figure 1

Task 1

Answer the following questions in a separate paper.

1. Which part does the cycle start? Why do you think so?
2. Which part does the cycle end? Why do you think so?
3. Do you agree or disagree that a manager should be always following the arrows
in managing their employees? Why?

Definition and Functions of Management

Management is the process of coordinating and overseeing the work performance of


individuals working together in organizations, so that they could efficiently accomplish their
chosen aims or goals. It is also defined as the process of designing and maintaining an
environment for efficiently accomplishing selected aims (Heinz, 2005).

Management analysis is done by breaking it down into five major managerial duties; thus
making managerial knowledge more understandable. Figure 1 showed the management
functions.

Planning. Involves determining the organization’s goals or performance objectives, defining


strategic actions that must be done to accomplish them and developing coordination and
integration activities.

Organizing. Demands assigning tasks, setting aside funds, and bringing harmonious relations
among the individuals and work groups or teams in the organizations.
Staffing. Indicates filling in different job positions in the organization’s structure; the factors
that influence this function include: size of the organizations, types of jobs, number of individual
to be recruited, and some external and internal pressures.

Leading. Entails influencing or motivating subordinates to do their bets so that they would be
able to help the organization’s endeavor to attain their set of goals.

Controlling. Involves evaluating and correcting the performance of the individuals or work
groups or teams to ensure that they are all working toward the previously set goals and plans
of the organization.

Coordination, Efficiency and Effectiveness: Intrinsic to Nature of Management

Management functions- planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling- will all go
to waste if coordination, efficiency and effectiveness are not practiced by organization’s
appointed managers. Top-level managers, middle-level managers, and team leaders or
supervisors must all be conscious of the said practices of successful organizations as they
perform their management functions.

Webster Dictionary defines coordination as the harmonious, integrated action of the


various parts and processes of an organization; efficiency is being able to yield the maximum
output for the minimum amount of input; and effectiveness is being adopted to produce an
effect or being able to do things correctly.

When applied to management function, coordination, ensures that all individuals,


groups or teams are harmoniously working together and moving toward the accomplishment
of the organization’s vison, mission, goals and objectives; efficiency, is referring to the optimal
use of scarce resources like human, financial, physical and mechanical, in order to bring
maximum productivity; and effectiveness means doing thing correctly when engaged in
activities that will help the organizations attain its aims.

Task 2. Read the provided situations below and identify what is being described by the given
situations. For numbers 1-5, refer to the choices about the management functions and for 6-
10, refers to the intrinsic nature of management.

_______________1. Manager B posted for job vacancies in their company to be fill in through
Jobstreet.com

_______________2. Manager X motivates her subordinates to be their best self in dealing with
customers.

_______________3. Principals give their everyday suggestions to their teachers.


_______________4. Business owners treat their employees to an annual fieldtrip to poster
harmonious relationships.

_______________5. Once a month, the business owner and managers do consultative meeting
with their employees.

_______________6. The company is paying the employees SSS and other benefits.

_______________7. The companies resources are being managed well to avoid scarcity.

_______________8. The rules and regulations of the company is being applied well.

_______________9. The organizational chart is being explained to the employees.

______________10. The whole offices of the company are working in the same direction

What is it

Evolution of Management Theories

You always here the term evolution in Science. Fortunately in Management evolution also
means the slow stages of growth and development, starting from simple forms to more complex
forms. More so, it has evolved from simple improvement of work methods to more complex ones
which focus not only on work method improvement but also on customer satisfaction and the
conduct of people at work.

Scientific Management Theory

This management theory makes use of the step by step, scientific methods for finding the
single best way for doing a job. Frederick Taylor ( 1856-1915) is known as the Father of
Scientific Management.

Mr. Taylor worked as a mechanical engineer in a steel company in


Pennsylvania in USA. He could not help but notice the worker’s
mistakes and inefficiencies in doing their routine jobs. The workers’
lack of enthusiasm, the discrepancy between their abilities and
aptitudes and their job assignments result to low output. Because
of these observations, he tried to identify clear guidelines for the
improvement of their productivity.

Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles ( Robbins and Coulter,


2009) are as follows:

1. develop a science for each element of an individual’s work to replace the old rule of
thumb method.( A rule of thumb refers to an easily learned and easily applied procedure
or standards , based on practical experience rather than theory).
2. scientifically select and train, teach and develop the workers;
3. cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the
principles of science that has been developed.
4. divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers.
General Administrative Theory

This management theory concentrates on the manager’s functions and what makes good
management practice or implementation.

Henry Fayol (1841-1925) and Max Weber( 1864-1920) are the


personalities associated with it.

Fayol’s writings were concerned with managerial activities which he


based on his actual experience as a managing director of a coal
mining company. He believed that management is an activity that all organizations must
practice and viewed differently from marketing, finance, research and development.

Henri Fayol’s Management Principles include : (1) Work division or specialization; (2)
Authority; (3) Discipline; (4) Unity of Command (5) Unity of Direction; (6) Subordination of
individual interest to general interest;(7) Remuneration ;(8) Centralization; (9) Scalar Chain of
Authority ;(10) Maintenance of Order; (11) Equity/fairness;(12) Stability/Security of Tenure;(13)
Employee initiative;(14) Promotions of team spirit or esprit de corps.

Weber’s bureaucracy

Weber, a German sociologist wrote in early 1900s that ideal


organizations, especially the large ones, must have authority
structures and coordination with others based on what h e referred to
as bureaucracy. Present-day organizations still make use of Weber’s
structural design.

According to Weber, bureaucracy, is an organizational form


distinguished by the following components: (1) division of labor; (2)
hierarchical identification of job positions; (3) detailed rules and regulations; and (5) impersonal
connection with one another.

Total Quality Management

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy that focuses on the


satisfaction of the customers, their need and expectations.

Quality experts W. Edwards Deming and Joseph Juran


introduced this customer -oriented ideas in the 1950s, but the concept
had very few supporters. The Americans di not immediately take the
idea since the US was enjoying the supremacy in the global market at
the time. The Japanese manufacturers on the other hand, took notice
of it and experimented on its ap[plication. When Japanese firms began
to be recognized for their quality products, Western managers were
forced to give a more serious considerations of Deming’s and Juran’s
modern management philosophy that eventually became the
foundation of today’s quality management practices.

Deming’s 14 Points for Top Management are as follow: (1) Create constancy of purpose
for improvement of products and services; (2) Adopt the TQM philosophy; (3) Cease dependence
on mass inspection by doing things right and doing it right for the first time; (4) End the practice
of awarding business on the basis of price tag alone; (5) Constantly improve the system of
production and services; ( 6) Institute training; (7) Adopt and institute leadership; (8) Drive out
fear;( 9) Break down barriers between staff areas; (10) Focus on correction of defects in the
system;(11) Eliminate numerical quota for the work force;(12) Remove barriers that rob people
of “pride of workmanship”; (13) Encourage education and self-improvement for everyone; (14)
Take action to accomplish the transformation.

Juran’s Fitness of Quality includes (1) Quality of Design-through market research ,


product and concept; (2) Quality of Conformance- through manpower
and technology; (3) Availability-through reliability, maintainability and
logistic support; (4) Full Service- through promptness, competence and
integrity. More so, Juran’s Quality Planning Roadmap includes (1)
Identify your customers;(2) Determine their needs;(3) Translate them
into one’s language;(4) Develop a product that can respond to the
needs;(5) Develop processes which are able to produce those product
features;(6) Prove that the process can produce the product;(6) Prove that the process can
produce the product;(7) Transfer the resulting plans to the operating forces.

What’s more
Task 3 Identify the types of management based from the picture given. Explain why you choose
that particular theory of management. Write your answer in a separate paper.

Picture 1 Picture 2

Picture 3 Picture 4
What I Can Do
Task 4 Identify the Theories of Management being described. Write your answer in
another paper.

1. Most companies are following their company’s organizational chart.


2. In a sewing company, a group of sewer will only saw a part of a dress.
3. Managers see to it that they offer the best to their clients.
4. Companies promote self-confidence in all their employees.
5. One’s a year, the company is spending time to have retreats and sports fest to
promote camaraderie.
6. They promote quality of work not quantity of work.
7. Managers and low-level employees divide the work and responsibility among
themselves.
8. Applicants are selected based on criteria and give them ample trainings.
9. Most schools and universities are observing this theory of management since
they value customers service.
10. Management never fails to plan everything and put the plan into
practice.

Assessment
Read the questions below. Choose the letter of the best answer from the choices below.

A. Total Quality Management C. Scientific Management Theory


B. Administrative Theory D. All are correct

1. Most universities and businesses nowadays are into ISO accreditation. What
management theory is being followed by these businesses?

2. Most outstanding malls are giving their quality service to all their clients
regardless of their status in life?

3. What management theories is being applied in most restaurants, sewing


companies and hospitals?

4. Company A has more than 90% regular employees. They keep employees who
are trainable. What management theory is describe?

For numbers 5-7, choose from choices below.

A. Quality of Design C. Quality of Conformance


B. Availability D. Full Service

5. Which of Juran’s Fitness of Quality explains about the company’s support to


any financial endeavor of the employees?

6. LAZADA, SHOPEE and other online sellers deliver order before the agreed dates
of delivery.

7. Most supermarkets and malls have their store fully air-conditioned.


For numbers 8-10, refer to the qualities intrinsic to the nature of management

A. Coordination C. Efficiency
B. Effectivity D. All

8. Managers monitors their employees attendance in reporting to work.

9. Managers see to it that all offices are working together.

10. Managers see to it that employees are

Answers to Pre-Test

1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B
8. D 9. C 10. A

For your last activity. Write your Reflection About Thee


Lesson for at least 150 words. Goodluck and happy learning!

References:

Cabrera,Helen F.et .al.(2016). Organization and Management. Quezon City,


Philippines: Vibal Group Inc.

Enriquez, Edilynda G.(2016). Organization and Management. Manila,


Philippines: FS Publishing Services

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