FM-II Lab Experiment Pelton Turbine 01

Experiment#2: To Make Study of PELTON TURBINE
Objective:
The purpose of this experiment is to study the constructional details and performance parameters
of Pelton Turbine.
Basic Principle:
Energy may exist in various forms. Hydraulic energy is that which a fluid may possess. It may be
in the form of kinetic, pressure, potential, strain or thermal energy. Fluid machinery is used to
convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.
One is power-producing machines, which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy like
turbines and motors; the other is power-consuming machines doing the reverse like pumps, fans
and compressors.
Pelton turbine (or Pelton wheel), an impulse turbine, is one of the well-known types of water
turbines.
Torque (T):
This is the torque measured by the two spring balances. The balances measure the turning force
on the drum at the back of the turbine
COMPONENTS OF PELTON WHEEL TURBINE
1. THE PELTON WHEEL:

The Pelton Wheel needs a source of water in order to run. If the head of water is known, along
with the flow rate, then it is possible to find the best size of wheel to use, how fast it should
rotate to obtain the maximum efficiency. The Pelton wheel is usually chosen when the available
head is high, but the flow rate is comparatively low.
2. BRAKE:
At the back of the wheel is a ‘brake’ drum that works with a cord and two spring balances to
measure the torque in the turbine. The drum has a reflector and clear cover to work with an
optional tachometer to measure the speed of the turbine. A small mechanical pressure gauge at
the inlet of the turbine measures the inlet water pressure.
3. PENSTOCK:
Penstock is a type of pipe that supplies water from the dam to the turbine.
4. SPEAR:
It looks like a spear bar and its main function is to control the water entering the turbine.
5. NOZZLE
It is connected to the end of the penstock, its main function is to increase the speed of the water
and run the buckets of the turbine.
6. RUNNER AND BUCKETS:

The runner with buckets is shown in the figure given above.
 The rotating part of the turbine is a runner which is a circular disc and on the periphery of
which a number of buckets are evenly spaced.
 The buckets are made of two hemispherical cups joined together. The splitter acts as a
wall joining two hemispherical cups which can splits the water into two equal parts(i.e.on
to the hemispherical cups.) deflected through an angle of 160 degrees to 170 degree.
 The buckets of the Pelton turbine are made up of cast iron, cast steel bronze or stainless
steel.
7. CASING
The case(outer cover) in which turbine is placed so that water can not splash
outside(surroundings) called casing. The Pelton turbine with the casing is shown in the figure
given below.
 It also safeguard and helps the water to discharge to the trail race.
 In order to make the casing, Cast iron or fabricated steel plates are used.
8. BRAKING JET:
 The spear is pushed in a forward direction into the nozzle so that there should be no water
jet impinging onto the blades of the turbine and making the turbine to stop. but the runner
keeps moving due to the inertia.
 To stop the runner in the shortest period of time, a small nozzle is provided which directs
a jet of water at the back of the vanes and that stops the runner of the turbine called as
breaking jet.
Notations:
USEFUL EQUATIONS:
Power and Efficiency:
Momentum = (Mass)(Tangential velocity)(Radius)
Torque = Rate of change of angular momentum
Power = (Torque)(Angular velocity)
Where:
For a turbine:
Fluid Input Power = (Mechanical loss) + (Hydraulic losses) + (Useful shaft power output)
Where:
Hydraulic Losses = (Impeller loss) + (Casing loss) + (Leakage loss)
Considering all losses as one term:
Generator efficiency:
Pelton wheel is directly coupled to a generator to produce electricity. Therefore, another
efficiency term, namely generator efficiency is used to show how efficiently the mechanical
energy is converted to electricity.

FM-II Lab Experiment Pelton Turbine 01

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FM-II Lab Experiment Pelton Turbine 01

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

FM-II Lab Experiment Pelton Turbine 01

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experiment#2: To Make Study of PELTON TURBINE

COMPONENTS OF PELTON WHEEL TURBINE

1. THE PELTON WHEEL:

6. RUNNER AND BUCKETS:

You might also like