Lesson CDI 1
Lesson CDI 1
Lesson CDI 1
Nature of crime
Place or location
Perseverance
Intelligence
Honest
Understanding of the people and environment
Keen power of observation
TRAINING
The National Forensic Science Training Institute (NFSTI) under the Philippine
Public Safety College is the institution that trains uniformed personnel of the
Philippine National Police to become a certified investigator.
INFORMATION
Classes of Information
Grapevine Sources – these are information coming from the underworld characters
such as prisoners and ex-convicts.
INTERVIEW AND INTERROGATION
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
Nobody has to talk to law enforcers. No law compels a person to talk to the police
if he does not want to. Therefore, people will have to be persuaded, always within
legal and ethical limits, to talk to law enforcers. This makes interviewing an art.
I.R.O.N.I.C. FORMAT
The interview of a witness can be described by its acronym ‘IRONIC’ which stands
for Identity, Rapport, Opening Statement, Narration, Inquiry, and conclusion.
Rapport – it is good to get the positive feeling of the subject towards the
investigators, such friendly atmosphere is a vital for both the subject and the
investigator t have a better interaction.
Opening Statement – the investigator must have to indicate why the subject is
being contracted.
Narration – the witness should be allowed to tell all he knows with little
interruptions from the investigator.
Inquiry – after all information have been given by the subject, that is the time for
the investigator to as question to clarify him about the case under investigation.
Conclusions – after the interview, it is but proper to close the interview with
outmost courtesy and thanking the subject for his cooperation.
Saving faces
To develop information which will lead to the recovery of the fruits of the crime
INTERROGATION TECHNIQUES
Emotional Appeal
Place the subject in the proper frame of mind. The investigator should provide
emotional stimuli that will prompt the subject to unburden himself by confiding.
Analyze the subject’s personality and decide what motivation would prompt him to
tell the truth, and then provide those motives through appropriate emotional
appeals.
Sympathetic appeal
The suspect may feel the need for sympathy or friendship when he is apparently in
trouble. Gestures of friendship may win his cooperation.
Kindness
The simplest technique is to assume that the suspect will confess if he is treated
in a kind and friendly manner.
Extenuation
The investigator indicates he does not consider his subject’s indiscretion a grave
offense.
The interrogator makes clear his belief that the subject is obviously not the sort of
person who usually gets mixed up in a crime like this. The interrogator could tell
from the start that he was not dealing with a fellow who is a criminal by nature and
choice.
- Mutt, the relentless investigator, who is not going to waste any time because he
knows that the subject is guilty.
- This is applicable when there is more than one suspect. The suspects are
separated and one is informed that other has talked.
- The investigator may pretend that certain physical evidence has found by
laboratory experts against him.
Jolting
May be applied to calm and nervous subjects by constantly observing the
suspects, the investigator chooses a propitious moment to shout a pertinent
question and appear as though he is beside himself with rage. The subject may be
unnerved to the extent of confessing.
INSTRUMENTATION
Identification of criminals
Tracing and locating the criminal
Gathering of evidence to prove the guilt of the criminal
IDENTIFICATION OF CRIMINALS
Types of Confession
Extra-Judicial Confession – those made by the suspect during custodial
investigation.
Judicial Confession– those made by the accused in open court. The plea of
guilt may be during arraignment or in any stage of the proceedings where
the accused changes his plea of not guilty to guilty.
ADMISSION– is a self-incriminatory statement by the subject falling short of an acknowledgement of guilt. It is an
acknowledgement of a fact or circumstances from which guilt maybe inferred. It implicates but does not incriminate.
It is also an acknowledgement that a fact, action or circumstances are true which strongly infer or directly admit guilt
but lacks the detail of the elements of the crime.