Operaciones Con Fracciones:: Ejercicios Resueltos de Fracciones, Potencias Y Logaritmos
Operaciones Con Fracciones:: Ejercicios Resueltos de Fracciones, Potencias Y Logaritmos
Operaciones Con Fracciones:: Ejercicios Resueltos de Fracciones, Potencias Y Logaritmos
8 24 1
−3 − − − 50 ⋅ 1 − −3 − −4 − 50 ⋅
2 25 25 −3 −[−6 ] 3 7 6
a) = = = = 3 : − = −
1 1 1 7 2 7
−4 − − 1 −4 − − −4 + −
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 5 6
3 − − − 5 ⋅ 1 − 3 − − − 3 − −
2 2 2 2 2 3 + 3 6 12
b) = = = = =−
1 7 7 7 7 7
−4 + − − − −
2 2 2 2 2
1 10 − 1 9 9 9
1−
c) 1− 10 = 1− 10 = 1− 10 = 1− 10 = 1− 10 =
1 1 1 10 9 − 10
1− 1− 1− 1−
1 10 − 1 9 9 9
1−
10 10 10
9
9 1 81 10 + 81 91
= 1− 10 = 1+ : = 1+ = =
−1 10 9 10 10 10
9
2 1 3 11 3
+ 3−
3 4⋅ 2 12 ⋅ 2
3 1 1 1 11 11 ⋅ 4 3 ⋅ 5
− 2+ ⋅
d) 4 2 5 = 4 5 = 12 2 ⋅ 11 = 11 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 2 = 1
1 5 5 12 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 11 ⋅ 5
5⋅
2 2 2
−2 3 1
a) 16−2 ⋅ 4 3 = ( 2 4 ) ⋅ ( 2 2 ) = 2−8 ⋅ 2 6 = 2−8+6 = 2−2 =
4
2 3 2
4 2 ⋅ 12 3 ⋅ 152 (2 ) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 3) ⋅ (3 ⋅ 5)
2 2
2 4 ⋅ 2 6 ⋅ 33 ⋅ 32 ⋅ 5 2 2 10 ⋅ 35 ⋅ 52
b) 3 2 3
= 3 2 = 6 6 3
= 6 9
= 2 4 ⋅ 3−4 ⋅ 5 2
9 ⋅8 ⋅3 (3 ) ⋅ (2 ) ⋅ 3
2 3 3 3 ⋅2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3
4 3 2 −3
8 4 ⋅ 153 ⋅ 182 ⋅ 12−3 (2 ) ⋅ (3 ⋅ 5) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 3 ) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ 3)
3 2 2
c) = 3 2 =
20 3 ⋅ 27 2 ⋅ 3−3 (2 2 ⋅ 5) ⋅(33 ) ⋅ 3−3
2 12 ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ 5 3 ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 2−6 ⋅ 3−3 2 8 ⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 53
= 6 3 6 −3
= 6 3 3
= 2 2 ⋅ 3 = 12
2 ⋅5 ⋅3 ⋅3 2 ⋅3 ⋅5
−1
23
27 ⋅ 81 ⋅ 3 ⋅ ⋅ 2 3
−1 4
(33 )
−13 3
⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 34 ⋅
⋅2
3 23 36
d) −2 = 2
= =1
1 4 27 −2 2 2 2 2 33 36
36 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (2 0 ) 3 ⋅2 ⋅3 ⋅ ⋅ 4 ⋅1
3 3 16 3 2
3
4
27 4 3
3 (33 ) 39 3 3
a) 3
= = 12
4
= 12
4 8
= 12 4 = 12
18 3
2⋅ 3 2
(2 ⋅ 3 )
2 2 ⋅3 2 16
4 3 −4 24 ⋅ 5 24 5 2 4 53 53
b) −80 : 18 = =− = = 2⋅ 4 8 =
4
3
2 ⋅ 32 3
2 ⋅ 32 4 2 ⋅3
4
(2 ⋅ 32 )
4
2 4 3 75
= 2
⋅ 5 =
2 ⋅3 9
3 3
1 1 1
3
1 1 1
c) 15 − = − 15 15
=− 5 =− 5 =− 3 =−
243 3 5 3 3 15
3 27
2
d) 3
2 ⋅ 3 16 = 6 2 ⋅ 3 16 = 6 2 ⋅ 16 2 = 6 2 ⋅ (2 4 ) = 6 2 9 = 6 2 6 ⋅ 2 3 = 2 ⋅ 6 2 3 = 2 ⋅ 2
2
e) 3
2 ⋅ 3 16 = 6 2 ⋅ 3 16 = 6 2 ⋅ 16 2 = 6 2 ⋅ (2 4 ) = 6 2 9 = 6 2 6 ⋅ 2 3 = 2 ⋅ 6 2 3 = 2 ⋅ 2
3 2 32 ⋅ 2 1 32 ⋅ 2 1 4 32 ⋅ 2 1 4 9
f) = 2
= = =
8 2⋅2 2 22 2 22 2 2
2 6
g)
( ) ⋅( 3 )
4
32 3
=
4
3 4 ⋅ 3 36
=
3 ⋅ 32
=3
6
32
( 3) 12 4 12
3 24
4 2 3 5
( 3 ) ⋅( 3 )
5 3 5
3 4 ⋅ 3 32
15
(3 4 ) ⋅ (32 ) 15
312 ⋅ 310 15 22
3 322 15 1
h) 3
= = = = = 15 =
32 32 32 330 38
( ) 34 312
4
i) 3 4
64 4 = 3 4
(2 6 ) = 2⋅3⋅4 2 24 = 24 2 24 = 2
1 1 2
j) 8 − 50 − 98 = 2 2 ⋅ 2 − 2 ⋅ 52 − 7 ⋅ 2 = 2 2 − 5 2 − 7 2 = −10 2
2 2
1 3 1 3 2 1 3⋅ 5
k) 3 − 12 − 75 = 3 − 22 ⋅ 3 − 5 ⋅3 = 3 −2 3 − 3=
2 4 2 4 2 4
1 15 21
= 3 −2 3 − 3 =− 3
2 4 4
21 21 2
xy 6
(xy) xy (xy) 1 (xy) 3
l) 9xy + + 3 3 = 3 xy − −6 6
= 3 xy − − 6 (xy) =
4xy xy 2 xy (x y )
3 3 2 xy
1 3
= 3 xy − xy − xy = xy
2 2
4. Racionaliza:
3 3
1 1 5 5 3 25 3 25
a) = = =
2⋅ 3 5 2⋅ 3 5 3
5 3
5 2⋅5 10
4
4 1
4 (x )5
(x)
4 5 4 16
1 1 5 x 4 x 5 16
5
x 5 15
x ⋅ x x3 ⋅ 5 x 5 x
b) = = = = 4 = 4 = = =
5 4
x 5 x 4
5
x4 x4 x4
5 4
x (x)
5 4 x x x
5 1 1
3
x x 6 x 5
3
3 5
x 6 x5 ( ) x 3 ( x 5 )6
×5
x ⋅x
1
3
25
6
x
2+25
6
x
27
6
6
x 27 6
x3
c) = = 6
= = = = 5 = 5 =
x 5 6 x 5 x5 x5 x5 x x x
( )
6
x5 6
6
x5
2 2 ⋅ ( 3 − 1) 2 ⋅ ( 3 − 1) 2 ⋅ ( 3 − 1) 2 ⋅ ( 3 − 1)
d) = = 2
= =
3 + 1 ( 3 + 1)⋅ ( 3 − 1) ( 3 ) − 12 3−1 2
2 2
e)
2+ 3
=
2+ 3 2+ 3
⋅ =
( 2 + 3)
=
( 2 + 3)
= −( 2 + 3 )
2
2 2
2− 3 2 − 3 2 + 3 ( 2 ) −( 3 ) 2−3
2 2
2 3 + 2 (2 3 + 2 )⋅ (2 3 + 2 ) (2 3 ) + 2 ⋅ 2 3 + ( 2 ) 4⋅ 3 + 4 3 + 2
f) = = 2 2
= =
2 3 − 2 (2 3 − 2 )⋅ (2 3 + 2 ) (2 3 ) − ( 2 ) 4⋅ 3− 2
7+2 6
=
5
5. Expresa mediante intervalos los siguientes conjuntos y represéntalos en la
recta real.
a) A = {x /x ∈ ℝ , −2 ≤ x ≤ 1}
Solución:
[−2, 1]
−2 1
b) B = {x /x ∈ ℝ , −∞ < x < 1}
Solución:
(−∞ , 1) −∞ 1
c) C = {x /x ∈ ℝ , −2 < x < 1}
Solución:
(−2, 1)
−2 1
d) D = {x /x ∈ ℝ , −2 ≤ x < ∞}
Solución:
[−2, ∞) −2 ∞
{ 1
e) E = x /x ∈ ℝ , ≤ x ≤ 2
2 }
Solución:
Intevalo Recta real
1 1
, 2 2
2 2
f) F = {x /x ∈ ℝ , 2 ≤ x < 12}
Solución:
[ 2, 12)
2 12
a) A ∪ B y A ∩ B
Solución:
La unión de A y B son el conjunto de valores que pertenecen a A, a B o a
ambos, mientras que la intersección son el conjunto de valores comunes a A
y B. Entonces:
A ∪ B = (−∞ , 1]
A ∩ B = [−2, 1)
b) C ∪ D y C ∩ D
Solución:
C ∪ D = [−2, ∞)
C ∩ D = (−2, 1)
c) E ∪ F y E ∩ F
Solución:
1
E ∪ F = , 12
2
C∩D = 2
7. Halla el valor de los siguientes logaritmos
a) log 3 81 = x ⇒ 3x = 81 ⇒ 3 x = 3 4 ⇒ x = 4
b) log 5 a = 4 ⇒ 5 4 = a ⇒ a = 625
1
4
a−b 1 a − b
4 a − b a − b 4 2
c) 4 log 2 − log 2
a
= log 2 − log 2
=
a 2 a a
(a − b)2
2 2 a 2 (a − b)2
(a − b) a − b a4 = log 1 =
= log 2 − log 2 = log 2 = log 2 4 2 2 2
a 4
a 2
(a − b) a (a − b) a
a 2
= log 2 (a−2 )
******