Bureau of Fire Protection

- Through the enactment of the RA 6975,also

known as the DILG Act of 1990, the Fire
Service was separated from the PC-INP as a
separate and distinct agency as Bureau of Fire
Protection on August 2, 1991.

- BFP is mandated to prevent and suppress

destructive fires, conduct investigation,
provide emergency medical and rescue
services and enforce the Republic Act 9514.
The Revised Fire Code of the Philippines
and its Implementing Rules and Regulations
(R.A. 9514)

• Fire Safety Inspections

• Fire Safety Seminar
• Fire Drills
• Fire Brigade for establishments
employing at least 50 persons
Fire – The active principle of burning,
characterized by the heat and light of combustion
(RA 9514). It is a rapid oxidation process
accompanied with the evolution of light and heat
of varying intensities
 The Tetrahedron of Fire
Oxygen Heat Sources
Sources
Approximately 16% To Reach Ignition Temperature
Required Open Flames - The Sun
Normal air contains Hot Surfaces
21% O2. Some fuel Sparks and Arcs
materials contain Friction - Chemical Action
sufficient oxygen Electrical Energy
within their makeup to Compression of Gases
support burning.
CHEMICAL
REACTION

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Bulky - Dust Gasoline Natural Gas
Finely Divided Coal Kerosene Propane
Wood Paper Turpentine Alcohol Butane Hydrogen
Cloth Plastic Liver Oil Paint Acetylene
Grain Others Varnish Lacquer Carbon Monoxide
STAGES
OF FIRE
IGNITION STAGE
• Point wherein the fire starts
• There is plenty of oxygen, little heat
and smoke
• Fire is still small and generally confined
to the fuel that initially ignited
GROWTH STAGE
• Temperature and smoke level increases
• Oxygen level decreased and the fuel is already dried
out
• Hot gasses rise to the ceiling and spreads outward
the walls
• Can be continuous if there is enough fuel and oxygen

• The smoke layer is getting thicker and fire is starting

to spread to nearby furniture
FLASH OVER
• Transition between growth and fully
developed stage
• Presence of huge smoke which indicates the
rapid change of situation
• May involve exposed combustibles
• Increasing level of smoke with decreased
visibility
• Gasses are generated by heat
FULLY DEVELOPED
• All combustibles materials present are
continuously burning
• Maximum amount of heat is released
• The volume of fire is dependent of the
number and size of ventilation openings

• Unburned gasses begin flowing to adjacent

spaces and ignite once it enters a space
where air more abundant
DECAY
• Intensity of fire decreasing due to lack of
available fuel

• Most of fuel consumed

• Effort concentrated on cooling of the

remaining fuel
 METHODS OF
HEAT TRANSFER

1. By Radiation
2. By Convection
3. By Conduction
4. By Direct Contact
Radiation

Radiation is the transmission of heat energy

through electromagnetic wave.
12
Convection

HEAT
Convection is the transfer of heat energy by the
movement of heated fluids.
13
 M
Ordinary combustible materials E
T
A
L

Heat Transfer by Conduction. It is the transmission of

heat from one body to another. It is the transfer of heat
from one molecule to another molecule
Fire Extinguishment Theory

• Cooling-temperature reduction
• Smothering-oxygen dilution
• Fuel Removal
• Inhibition-breaking the chemical
reaction
REDUCTION OF HEAT

1. Use something that absorb heat

2. Use water being the best cooling
agent
3. Use foam which contains 94%
water
 . EXCLUSION OR DEPRIVATION OF OXYGEN

➢ Secure the door at close position

➢ Displacement or diluting oxygen by means of CO2
➢ Blanketing- using wet blanket as foam
REMOVAL OF FUEL
Shut off fuel supply
Relocate flammable/ combustible materials
INHIBITION OF CHAIN REACTION or breaking
the combustion Chain
 Classification of Fire
A fire is classified according to the fuel it consumes

CLASS A
Ordinary combustibles
or fibrous material, such
as wood, paper, cloth,
rubber and some plastics.
CLASS B
Flammable or
combustible liquids such
as gasoline, kerosene,
paint, paint thinners and
propane.
CLASS C
Energized electrical
equipment, such as
appliances, switches,
panel boxes and power
tools.
CLASS D
Certain combustible metals,
such as magnesium, titanium,
potassium and sodium. They
may react violently with water
or other chemicals, and must
be handled with care.

CLASS K
Fires involving
combustible cooking
fluids such as oils and
fats.
 FIRST AIDE FIRE
FIGHTING APPLIANCE
Fire Extinguisher
is a handy, first aid fire fighting
-

equipment
 Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER (not found on CO 2
extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING

AND SEAL HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
 HOW TO USE A
FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• P – Pull the pin

• A – Aim the nozzle
• S – Squeeze the lever
• S – Sweep side to side at the
base of the fire
Classifications of Fire
Extinguishers
Hexafluoropropane HFC-236fa (FE-36)
- Clean Agent

• an environmentally preferred
alternative to Halon with zero-
Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP);
• Montreal Protocol & RA 8749 (aka
The Philippine Clean Air Act)
compliant
• Recommended for A, B and C
Types of fire
Dry Chemical
• Today’s most widely used type
of fire extinguisher is the
multipurpose dry chemical
that is effective on Class A, B
and C fires. This agent also
works by creating a barrier
between the oxygen element
and the fuel element on Class
A fires.
Aquaeuos Film Forming
Foam (AFFF)
• This type of fire extinguisher puts out
the fire by taking away the heat
element of the fire triangle. Foam
agents separate the oxygen element
from the other elements
• Water extinguishers are for Class A
fires only – although they can
sometimes be used on Class B fires.
The discharge stream could spread the
flammable liquid in a Class B fire if the
mixture of the fire agent is inaccurate,
or could create a shock hazard on a
Class C fire.
Wet Chemical is a new agent that extinguishes
the fire by removing the heat of the fire
triangle and prevents re-ignition by creating a
barrier between the oxygen and fuel elements.

Wet Chemical or Class K extinguishers were

developed for modern, high efficiency deep fat
fryers in commercial cooking operations. Some
may be used on Class A fire in commercial
kitchens.

Dry Powder extinguishers are similar to

dry chemical except that they
extinguish the fire by separating the
fuel from the oxygen element or by
removing the heat element of the fire
triangle.

However, dry powder extinguishers are

for Class D or combustible metal fires
only. They are ineffective on all other
classes of fires.
 FIRE DRILL
is an exercise or practice that teach the people on how to
leave the building safely.
∞PURPOSE OF FIRE DRILL:
1. Ensure the efficient and safe of exits
2. Help prevent panic
3. Occupants participating in a drill learns to:
a. locate the fire exits of the building
b. leave the building/house in a smooth, safely, orderly and
disciplined manner
c. recognize or familiarize the actual sound of the fire alarm
system
d. assemble at the designated evacuation area
Fire Marshal (FM)
• During emergencies, the FM should have a
complete monitoring and supervision of the
situation
• The FM must be able to immediately set up a
Command Post
`
• The FM must immediately have an available
copy of the floor plan/lay out of the building
• The FM should regularly organize fire safety
seminars and drills for the building fire
brigade and occupants

Bureau of Fire Protection

Makati City Fire Station
Assistant Brigade Marshal (ABM)

• During an emergency, the ABM should take

charge of the situation in the absence of the BM
• Must provide full assistance to the BM on the
supervision of fire brigade

Communication Team
• Upon confirmation that fire is positive, the
assigned communication team must immediately
call the nearest fire station or any provided
emergency hotline
• Must be always prepared to give public address in
case of evacuation
Firefighting Team

• Must have at least 4 members to act as Nozzle

man, Back-up, Line man and Valve operator
• Upon verification of a reported fire, the first
responders (2 persons) must bring 2 fire
extinguishers and a handheld radio
• They are responsible in immediately informing
the BM/Communication team if the fire is positive
• Must be able to provide quick assessment if the
fire is uncontrollable
Evacuation Team

• Must have atleast 2 members per floor

• They are responsible for providing full
assistance on the proper evacuation of all the
occupants of the building
• Should be familiar with all the entry and exit
points of the building including the
designated evacuation area
Security/Traffic Team

• All security personnel are automatically designated

as Security/Traffic team members

• Should know the roles/responsibilities of ALL the

fire brigade members

• During a fire emergency, 1 security personnel must

serve as a fireman’s guide and assist the responding
BFP personnel on the exact location of the fire
scene
Security/Traffic Team

• The team must ensure the safety of the

evacuation area and assist the police in crowd
control

• All the members are required to be familiar

with the lay-out of the building giving much
emphasis on the location of the utility rooms
and/or tenants storing high hazard equipment
(i.e server rooms)
Rescue Team
• Once the evacuation signal/alarm is sounded, the
rescue team shall conduct initial search & rescue
procedures on the building
• Must immediately bring the victims at the
designated first aid station

Salvage Team
• During a fire emergency, the salvage team is
responsible for saving savable properties within
the fire scene or those properties that can be
saved from further damage to lessen the amount
of damages
First Aid Team

• Responsible for the proper and immediate

application of Basic First Aid to the victims
• Must monitor the hospitals wherein the
victims were brought
• Should be properly trained in Basic First Aid
and CPR
Fire Safety Personnel

• Responsible for the daily monitoring and

inspection of all the fire safety features of the
building
• In case the sprinkler system activates during
a fire incident, they must be on stand-by on
the involved isolation valve for an immediate
shut-off after the declaration of FIRE OUT by
BFP
A Fire Brigade must remember to:
• Determine the Specific Fire Floor
• Begin the Control of Evacuation
• Search of the fire floor and all floors
above the fire
• Gain Control of Building Systems
• Confine and Extinguish the Fire
 IN CASE OF FIRE
• Proceed to the designated evacuation
area
• Immediately leave the building by
means of nearest available exit
• Notify other persons on your way out
• Never go back to the burning building
• REMAIN CALM, THINK AND
ACT!
During a Fire Emergency, there should be a:

1. Command Post (FM, Tech Staff)

-White Board
-Floor/Key Plan of the building
-Radio
2. First Aid Station
3. Evacuation Area
4. Caution Tape
Basic Information for the white board:

Time fire started:

Floor/s involved/Location:
Time of call to the Fire Dept:
Time Evacuation started:
Time Responder/s arrived:
Time Evacuation ended:
Time of fire out:
Name of victim/s Type of injury Responding Recipient hospital
Ambulance
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
• Helmet

• Bunker/Fire coat
• Trouser

• Suspenders
• Gloves

• Fire Boots
 BASIC FIRE SAFETY FEATURES OF A BUILDING

1. Automatic Fire Suppression System-

Sprinkler System
2. Fire Hose Cabinet
3. Fire Detection and Alarm System-Smoke
detectors
4. Means of Egress (Emergency Exit)
5. Portable Fire Extinguishers
Fire Safety Tips
1. Identify and report fire hazards and unsafe
work practices.

2. Unplug all electrical equipment when not in

operation, unless necessary.

3. Maintain proper housekeeping

4. Familiarize and keep emergency exits marked,

lighted and free from any obstruction.
5. Familiarize location of fire alarm, fire
extinguishers and other fire fighting
equipment.

6. Enforce “No Smoking” policy

7. Avoid overloading of electrical circuits by

plugging many appliances
8. Do not store large volume of combustible
liquids without proper clearance/permit and
fire protection

9. Ensure complete attendance of ALL fire

brigade members during Fire Safety Seminars
and Drills

10.Regularly conduct emergency drills

(internal)