Envi Sci Sas Day 14. 1
Envi Sci Sas Day 14. 1
Envi Sci Sas Day 14. 1
A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction
Ecological Insight:
“If the elephant hasn’t enough to eat in the forest, it puts the forest to shame”.
The forest is a complex ecosystem consisting mainly of trees that buffer the earth and support a myriad
of life forms. The trees help create a special environment which, in turn, affects the kinds of animals and plants
that can exist in the forest.
Deforestation can be defined as the large scale removal of forest. It is the permanent destruction of
forests and woodlands. The term does not include the removal of industrial forests such as plantation of gums
or pines.
Almost 1/3 of Earth’s land is covered with forest. Forest statistics in the Philippines showed that our
forests are disappearing. From 1950-1978 deforestation claimed 201, 000 hectares annually. For the period
1978-1988 deforestation decreased to 199,000 hectares annually. And from 1989-1995 the rate of forest
destruction decreased to an average of 116,328 hectares per year.
Forest reserves are beneficial to wildlife; it also serves as a watershed as it is a source of water for rivers
and streams, a land for grazing and an area for recreational activities.
In this module, we will identify the causes and effects of deforestation and appreciate the ecological
importance of forest ecosystems.
B.MAIN LESSON
Beach This forest is usually found in some coastal areas. The Dungon, Agoho and Banulad
trees are common which is endemic to the Philippine islands.
Mangrove These forests are found on the tidal flats of the coastal areas. They are good sources
of charcoals, firewoods and tannin. The mangrove ecosystem is a nursery ground. They
serve as buffer against typhoons and waves
Mossy Also known as cloud forest found throughout the higher parts of the mountains and
inhabited by many of the endemic wildlife of the Philippines.
While it is true that forests offers a great deal of ecological importance mentioned above, deforestation is still a
very big threat. Below are the root causes of deforestation here in the Philippines.
Deforestation and forest degradation occur in response to policy, market and institutional signals.
Some of these are for mining operation, conversion of agricultural land, for commercial logging, and
for construction of dam as a source of electric power.
2. Volcanic Eruption
One of the several natural forces capable of causing damage to forests is volcanic eruption. The
ashes emitted during the eruption damages the leaves of trees, which then interfere with
photosynthesis.
3. Typhoon
These are violent storms when fierce winds destroy much of the island’s rain forest.
Effects of Deforestation
1. Denuded upland
2. Degraded watershed
3. Serious water shortage
4. Heavy soil erosion
5. Flooding
6. Silting of rivers and dams
7. Destruction of corals along the coast
8. Illegal logging
9. Greenhouse effect
10. Extinction of thousands of species
11. Food shortage
Skill-building Activities
Let’s practice!
After completing each exercise, you may refer to the Key to Corrections for feedback. Try to
complete each exercise before looking at the feedback.
Exercise A: How well do you understand the lesson? Answer this activity without looking at your concept notes.
List at least 5 causes and effects of deforestation in the Philippines
Causes Effects
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5
Exercise B:
Instruction: See the scrambled letters below? Make a word out of it. Check your answers against the Key to
Corrections found at the end of this SAS. Write your score on your paper.
1. IBHAATT = _________________
2. TTIGNUC = _________________
3. TTIGDLO = _________________
4. ONITEDTSEOF = _________________
5. SSYOM = _________________
6. ARGTIGEDON = _________________
7. OSTERF = _________________
8. CURTTSEOIND = _________________
9. LLLIAEG = _________________
10. OUHESEENRG = _________________
Instruction: Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice on the space provided.
Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS. Write your
score on your paper.
_______ 1. This type of forest is found on the tidal flats of the coastal areas. It is a good source of
charcoals, firewoods, and serves as a nursery ground and a buffer against typhoons and waves.
A. Dipterocarp B. Molave C. Mangrove D. Mossy
_______ 2. It is a type of forest lodging that includes cutting all trees at one time and creating an even age
stand by planting or natural regeneration of trees.
A. Clear Cutting B. Seed Tree Cutting C. Selective Lodging D. Shelter Wood Cutting
_______ 3. It is defined as the large scale removal of forest. It is the permanent destruction of forests and
woodlands.
A. Forest B. Deforestation C. Reforestation D. Kaingin
_______ 4. It is a type of forest lodging that includes removal of old stand trees in a series of cutting.
A. Clear Cutting B. Seed Tree Cutting C. Selective Lodging D. Shelter Wood Cutting
_______ 5. It is a type of forest made up of tall trees with branch-less trunks and major sources of timber
and other forest products.
C. LESSON WRAP-UP
Summary
The Philippines is blessed with many natural resources which are good sources of livelihoods for the
locals. One of these natural resources is the forests to its people. Forest provide several benefits, it is the
source for timber that are used in different wood works such as building houses, bridges, furniture and many
more.
Congratulations for finishing this module! Shade the number of the module that you finished.
Please tell me something about today’s lesson. Write your answer on the opposite box.
ANSWER KEY:
Exercise A.
Causes: Conversion of agricultural land, Commercial logging, Construction of dam, Forest Fires, Volcanic
Eruption or Typhoon (other answers are possibly correct)
Effects: Denuded upland, Degraded watershed, Serious water shortage, Heavy soil erosion, Flooding, Silting
of rivers and dams, Destruction of corals along the coast, Illegal logging, Greenhouse effect, Extinction of
thousands of species or Food shortage
Exercise B
1. HABITAT
2. CUTTING
3. LODGING
4. DEFORESTATION
5. MOSSY
6. DEGRADATION
7. FOREST
8. DESTRUCTION
9. ILLEGAL
10. GREENHOUSE
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A