Physics

ENGINEERING
PHYSICS
I DIPLOMA
PREPARED BY
B. DHANA PRASADA RAO
ASST. PROFESSOR
VSM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
VSM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING I DIPLOMA PHYSICS MATERIAL (dp) 1|Pag e
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
(DIPLOMA I YEAR)
UNITS AND DIMENSIONS
1. Define physical quantity, fundamental physical quantity and derived physical

quantities.
a. Physical Quantity: The quantity is measurable is called “Physical Quantity’.
Eg: Length, mass, time etc.,
Fundamental Physical Quantity: The physical quantities which are independent of one
another are called “Fundamental Physical Quantity”.
Eg: Length, mass, time etc.,
Derived Physical Quantity: The physical quantities which can be derived from the
fundamental physical quantities are called “Derived Physical Quantity”.
Eg: area, volume, speed etc.,
2. What is a unit? Write the characteristics of unit.

a. Definition: The unit is defined as the standard of the measurement of the same kind.
Characteristics of unit:
 It should be well defined without ambiguity.
 It should not vary with respect to place, time, and temperature.
 It should be easily reproduced.
 It should be of convenient size.
3. Define fundamental units and derived units.

a. Fundamental Units: The units that are used measure fundamental physical quantities are
called “Fundamental Units”.
Eg: metre, kilogram, second, etc.,
Derived Units: The units that are used measure derived physical quantities are called
“Derived Units”.
Eg: metre2, metre3, metre second-1, etc.,
4. Define SI units and write the advantages of SI units.

a. SI units: Introduced a new system of units called SI system, SI means international
system units.
Advantages of SI units:
 The base and supplementary units covers all branches of science and engineering.
 All the units are well defined without any ambiguity.
 All the derived units can be obtained by simple multiplication and or division of
fundamental units.
 Almost all countries in the world have adopted SI system.
5. Write the base (fundamental) and supplementary units of SI systems along with
their symbols.
a. There are seven base (fundamental) units and two supplementary units
S.No Quantity Unit Symbol
FUNDAMENTAL UNITS
1 Length metre m
2 Mass kilogram kg
3 Time second s
4 Electric Current ampere A
5 Thermodynamic Temperature kelvin K
6 Luminous intensity candela cd
7 Amount of substance mole mol
SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS
1 Plane Angle radian rad
2 Solid Angle steradian sr
6. What are multiples and submultiples of SI system?

a. SI system established multiples and sub multiples are arranged prefixes and symbol to
express very large and small value which are lengthy in short form.
MULTIPLES SUB-MULTIPLES
Factor Prefix Symbol Factor Prefix Symbol
1018 exa E 10 -1
deci d
1015 peta P 10 -2
centi c
1012 tera T 10 -3
milli m
109 giga G 10 -6
micro μ
106 mega M 10 -9
nano n
103 kilo k 10 -12
pico p
102 hecto h 10 -15
femto f
101 deca da 10 -18
atto a
7. Write the rules of writing SI units.

a. Writing rules:
 The names of a unit may be written in full or its approved symbol may be used.
Eg:
Correct Incorrect
second sec
 The beginning letters of the names of units and prefixes should be of lowercase letters.
Eg:
Correct Incorrect
metre Metre
 Punctuation marks should not be used surrounding the symbols.
Eg:
Correct Incorrect
S “s”
8. Define dimensions and dimensional formula.

a. Dimensions: The dimensions are the powers to which the fundamental units are to be
raised to represent a derived unit.
i a
Eg: Velocity = = = L1T-1
i
In velocity, the dimension of length is 1 and the dimension of time is -1.

Dimensional Formula: The formula which indicates the relationship between a derived
physical quantity and the fundamental physical quantities is known as dimensional
formula.
The general form of dimensional formula is MpLqTr, where p,q and r are the dimensions
of mass, length and time respectively.
9. Define dimensional constants and dimensionless quantities.

a. Dimensional Constants: The quantities which have a constant value and possess
dimensions are called dimensional constants.
Eg: Planks constant, universal gas constant, etc.,
Dimensionless Quantities: The quantities which do not posses dimensions are called
dimensionless quantities.
Eg: Angle, refractive index, strain, etc.,
10. State the principle of homogeneity of dimensions.

a. Statement: The dimensions of all the terms on both sides of equation must be same.
Eg: Consider the equation
v = u + at
Final velocity = initial velocity + acceleration x time
M0LT-1 = M0LT-1 + LT-2 x T
M0LT-1 = M0LT-1 + M0LT-1
The validity of equation is proved because all the terms on both sides of equality sign
have same dimensions.
11. Write the applications of dimensional analysis.

a. Applications of Dimensional Analysis:
 One system of units can be converted into another system.
 The correctness of an equation can be checked.
 Equation connecting different physical quantities can be derived
12. Write the limitations of dimensional analysis.

a. Limitations of Dimensional Analysis:
 This method is not applicable if an equation contains trigonometric, exponential
and logarithmic functions.
 It is difficult to use this method if a physical quantity depends on more than three
other physical quantities.
 Numbers and dimensionless quantities cannot be determined by this method.
 This method cannot be applied to derive formulae in cases where proportionality
constants have dimensions.
13. Write the dimensional formulas for following physical quantities.
S.No Physical Quantity General Formula Dimensional Formula

1 Area length x length M0L2T0
2 Volume length x length x length M0L3T0

mass
3 Density M1L-3T0
volume
distance
4 Speed and velocity M0L1T-1
time
5 Momentum mass x velocity M1L1T-1

Acceleration,
change in velocity
6 Acceleration due to gravity, M0L1T-2
time
Retardation
7 Force mass x acceleration M1L1T-2

8 Impulse force x time M1L1T-1
9 Work & energy force x distance M1L2T-2
work
10 Power M1L2T-3
time
force
11 Pressure & stress M1L-1T-2
area
arc
12 Angle M0L0T0
radius
angular displacement
13 Angular velocity M0L0T-1
time
angular velocity
14 Angular acceleration M0L0T-2
time
No. of oscillations
15 Frequency M0L0T-1
time
force
16 Surface tension M1L0T-2
length
force
17 Co-efficient of viscosity M1L-1T-1
area x velocity gradient
18 Torque force x distance M1L2T-2
work
19 Gravitational potential M0L2T-2
mass
energy
20 Planks constant
frequency
M1L2T-1
change of velocity
21 Velocity gradient M0L0T-1
distance
force of friction
22 Co-efficient of friction M0L0T0
normal reaction
energy
23 Specific heat
mass x temperature
M0L2T-2K-1
energy
24 Latent heat M0L2T-2
mass
pressure x volume
25 Universal gas constant M1L2T-2K-1
temperature
quantity of heat or energy
26 Thermal capacity M1L2T-2K-1
temperature diffference
Electric potential (or) work
27 M1L2T-3I-1
Potential difference charge
potential difference
28 Resistance M1L2T-3I-2
current
resistance x area
29 Specific resistance M1L3T-3I-2
length
charge
30 Capacitance M-1L-2T4I2
potential
force
31 Electric intensity M1L1T-3I-1
charge
32 Wave length distance M0L1T0

mass
33 Linear density
length
M1L-1T0
34 Magnetic moment pole strength x length M0L2T0I

force
35 Magnetic induction M1L0T-2I-1
current x length
Universal gravitation force x distance

36. M-1L3T-2
constant mass
Modulus of elasticity,
Elastic consultant, stress
37. M1L-1T-2
Young’s modulus, strain
Rigidity modulus
Temperature – K, Current - I, Charge - TI (time x current), Pole strength - LI
KINEMATICS
1. Write and explain about the kinematic equations (Equations of motion in straight
line or linear motion). Write the equations of motion of a freely falling body.
a. Equations of motion in straight line: When a body moves along a straight line with
uniform acceleration, the velocity of the body and the distance travelled can be
represented by a set of equations which are known as “kinematical equations of motion”.
Let u be the initial velocity, a be the uniform acceleration, t be the time, S be the distance
travelled and v be the final velocity.
Then the kinematical equations of motion are given by
 v = u + at
 S = ut + at2
 v2 - u2 = 2aS
a
 Sn = u + (2n -1) or Sn = u + a(n - )
Equations of motion for freely falling body: A body was dropped from a height “h”
above the ground level. The initial velocity of the body u = 0 and acceleration a = +g.
Hence the equations of motion can be written as
 v = gt
 S = gt2
 v2 = 2gh
g
 Sn = (2n -1) or Sn = g(n - )
2. Define acceleration due to gravity (g) and write characteristics of g.

a. Definition: The acceleration of a freely falling body due to earth attraction is called
acceleration due to gravity. It is denoted by ‘g’.
The dimensional formula of acceleration due to gravity is M0L1T-2 and its units is
metre/second2
Characteristics of g:
 Its value is same for all bodies at particular place.
 Its value changes from place to place on the surface of earth.
 When a body is falling toward to earth, its velocity increases. Hence g is takes as
positive(+).
 When a body is projected upwards, its velocity decreases. Hence g is takes as
negative(-).
 The value of g is maximum at poles of the earth. gmax = 9.83 m/s2
 The value of g is minimum at the equator. gmin = 9.78 m/s2
 The average value of g is taken as 9.8 m/s2
3. Derive expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of
flight and velocity on reaching the point of projection of a vertically projected body.
a. Vertical Projection: The projection of a body in a direction perpendicular to the
horizontal plane is called “Vertical Projection”.
Explanation: Consider a body which is projected vertically v=0 u=0
upward into air from the ground with an initial velocity u. This
velocity decreases with respect to time and become zero at a height -g +g
and then the body falls down to the ground at the point of
projection. While falling its velocity increases with respect to time.
Hence the acceleration of the body is -g in the upwards direction u v
and +g in the downward direction.
Maximum Height: When a body is projected vertically upwards from ground, the height
at which its velocity becomes zero is called “Maximum Height”.
We know that
Initial velocity u=u
Acceleration a=-g
Final velocity v=0
Maximum height S = H (say)
Substituting the above values in the equation
v2 - u2 = 2aS
02 - u2 = 2(-g)H
- u2 = - 2gH
u2
Maximum height H=
2g
Time of Ascent: The time taken by a vertically projected body to reach the maximum
height is called “Time of Ascent”.
We know that
u = u, a = - g, v = 0, t = t1 (say)
v = u + at
0 = u - gt1
gt1 = u
Time of Ascent t1 =
g
Time of Descent: The time taken by a vertically projected body to fall on ground from
the maximum height is called “Time of Descent”.
We know that
u = 0, a = + g, S = H = , t = t2 (say)
g

S = ut + at2
= (0) t2 + gt
g
= gt
g
t =
g
Time of Descent t2 =
g
Time of Flight: The time interval between the time of the projection and the time of
striking ground is called “Time of flight”.
Time of flight = Time of ascent + Time of descent
T = t1 + t2
T= +
g g
Time of Flight T =
g
VSM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING I DIPLOMA PHYSICS MATERIAL (dp) 10 | P a g e
Velocity Reaching the Point of Projection: It is the velocity with which the vertically
projected body strikes the ground.
We know that
u2
u = 0, a = + g, S = H = , v = v (say)
2g

v2 - u2 = 2aS
u
v2 - 02 = 2g
g
v2 = u2
v= u
Hence the velocity of the body on reaching the ground is equal to the velocity with which
it is projected upwards.
4. Derive the expression for height of tower when a body projected vertically up from
its top.
a. Derivation for Height of Tower:
Consider a person standing on the top edge of a tower AB of height C
‘h’, who projects a body vertically upwards into air with a velocity u.
then the body rises to same height BC and then falls at the foot of the u
tower E, in a time t. The initial displacement of the body in the B D
upward direction is taken positive and the displacement downward

direction is taken negative.
The net displacement of the body = Total of its displacements
S = BC + CD + DE
= BC - CD - DE
= BC - BC – AB
= - AB
S=-h A E
We know that
Initial velocity u=u
Acceleration a=-g
Net displacement S=-h
and time t=t

S = ut + at2
- h = ut + (-g)t2
- h = ut - gt2
Height of Tower h = - ut + gt2
This is the expression for height of the tower, when a body is projected vertically
upwards from its top.
5. Derive expressions for time of flight, horizontal range and instantaneous velocity
(resultant velocity) of a horizontal projection a body. (OR)
Explain horizontal projection
a. Horizontal Projection: The projection of a body in a direction parallel to the horizontal
plane is called “Horizontal Projection”.
Explanation: Consider a body which is projected
horizontally from the top of a tower AB of height h
with uniform velocity u. As soon as the body is release A u
it is influenced by the force of gravity. This force of
gravity tries to move the body in the vertically
downward direction. At the same time the velocity of a vx= u
projection tries to move body in the horizontal α
direction. The combined effort of force of gravity and v
velocity of projection makes the body to move along a vy
parabolic path and the body falls at C some distance
B C
away from the foot of the tower.
Time of Flight: The time taken by the projectile to travel from the point of projection to
the ground is called “time of flight”.
In the vertically downward direction,
Initial velocity u=0
Acceleration a=+g
Vertical displacement S=h
Time of flight t=T

S = ut + at2
h = (0)T + gT2
h = gT2
2h
T2 =
g
h
Time of flight T = √
g
Horizontal Range: The horizontal displacement of the projectile during the time flight is
called “horizontal range”.
Since the horizontal velocity is uniform, the range is calculated by the formula,
Range = Uniform horizontal velocity x Time of flight

h
R=u√
g
Instantaneous velocity (or) Resultant velocity : The velocity of the projectile at any
instant, certain time after projection, during its flight is called “instantaneous velocity (or)
“resultant velocity ”.
The velocity of the projectile at any instant after projection can be resolved into two
mutually perpendicular components vx and vy. vx is uniform and is equal to the velocity
of projection.
We know that u = 0, a = + g, v = vy, t = t

v = u + at
vy = 0 + gt
vy = gt
The magnitude of resultant velocity is v = √vx +vy
The resultant velocity v = √u + g t

If the angle between vx and v is α , then the direction of resultant velocity is
vy gt
tan α = =
vx u
gt
The direction of resultant velocity α = tan-1
u
6. Show that the path of a projectile is parabola in horizontal projection. (OR)

Derive the equation of the path of projectile in horizontal projection.
a.
Explanation: consider a tower AB of height y. A u
Let a body be projected from its top with a
velocity u in the horizontal direction. Under the
combined effect of uniform velocity u in the y vx= u
horizontal direction and the force of gravity in α
the vertically downward direction the body v
moves along a path AC and falls after time t at C vy
on the ground.
BI x IC
Let the horizontal range BC be x.
Horizontal direction:
The velocity in the horizontal direction is uniform.
horizontal displacement = horizontal velocity x time
x=uxt
x
t= -------------(i)
u
Vertical direction:
In the vertically downward direction,
Acceleration a=+g
Vertical displacement S=y
Time t=t
S = ut + at2
x
y = gt2 (where t= from equation (i) )
u
y= g
g g
y= 2 x2 ( is constant and let it be A)
2u 2u2
y = Ax2
This equation is represents a parabola.
Hence the path of a projectile is parabola in horizontal projection.
7. Show that the path of a projectile is parabola in oblique projection. (OR)

Derive the equation of the path of projectile in oblique projection.
a.
Explanation: Let a body be projected
A
obliquely with a velocity u from point O at P
an angle with the horizontal. The body

U y
moves the path OAB. The initial velocity u
usinθ
is resolved into two mutually perpendicular θ
components. O ucosθ B
I<-------- x -------->I
The horizontal component of velocity ux = ucos

The vertical component of velocity uy = usin
Let the body be at point P, t seconds after projection and let the horizontal and vertical
displacements be x and y respectively
Horizontal direction:
The velocity in the horizontal direction is uniform.
horizontal displacement = horizontal velocity x time

x = ucos x t
x
t= -------------(i)
θ
Vertical direction:
In the vertical direction,
Initial velocity u = usin
Acceleration a=-g
Vertical displacement S=y
Time t=t
S = ut + at2
y = usin x t + -g)t2
x
where t = from equation (i)
θ
y = usin - g
y = tan (x) - g
θ
g
y = tan (x) - 2 x
2u θ
g
Since the terms tan and are constants in the above expression,
2u2 θ
g
Let them be A and B respectively A = tan , B = 2
2u θ
y = Ax − Bx2
This equation is represents a parabola.
Hence the path of a projectile is parabola in oblique projection.
8. Derive expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of
flight, horizontal range and maximum range of a projectile in oblique projection
(angle with horizontal direction).
a. Oblique Projection: The projection of a body at an angle with the horizontal direction is
called “Oblique Projection”.
Explanation: Let a body be projected
A
obliquely with a velocity u from point O at
an angle with the horizontal. The body
U +h -h
moves the path OAB and falls on the
usinθ
ground at distance OB from point θ
projection O. The initial velocity u is O ucosθ C B
I<-------- x -------->I
resolved into two mutually perpendicular
components. The horizontal component is ucos and vertical component is usin . A is the
highest point in the path of the projectile.
Maximum Height: The maximum vertical displacement of the body projected obliquely
is called “Maximum Height”.
We know that
Initial velocity u = usin
Acceleration a=-g
Final velocity v=0
Maximum height S = H (say)

v2 - u2 = 2aS
02 – (usin )2 = 2(-g)H
- u2sin θ = - 2gH
i θ
Maximum height H=
2g
Time of Ascent: The time taken by an obliquely projected body to reach the maximum
height is called “Time of Ascent”.
We know that
u = usin , a = - g, v = 0, t = t1 (say)
v = u + at
0 = usin - gt1
gt1 = usin
i θ
Time of Ascent t1 =
g
Time of Descent: The time taken by an obliquely projected body to fall on ground from
the maximum height is called “Time of Descent”.
We know that
i θ
u = 0, a = + g, S = H = , t = t2 (say)
g

S = ut + at2
i θ
= (0) t2 + gt
g
i θ
= gt
g
i θ
t =
g
i θ
Time of Descent t2 =
g
Time of Flight: The time interval between the time of the projection and the time of
striking ground is called “Time of Flight”.
Time of flight = Time of ascent + Time of descent
T = t1 + t2
i θ i θ
T= +
g g
i θ
Time of Flight T =
g
Horizontal Range: The horizontal displacement of the projectile during the time flight is
called “Horizontal Range”.
we know that
Horizontal component of velocity = ucos
i θ
and time of flight T =
g
Range = Horizontal component of velocity x Time of flight

i θ
R = ucos x
g
i θ θ
R=
g
i θ
Horizontal Range R =
g
Maximum Range: The range of a projectile is maximum is called “Maximum Range”.

i θ
The horizontal range in oblique projection is given by R = where u is the velocity
g
of projection and is the angle of projection.

when the value of sin2 is maximum.
The maximum value of sin2 = 1
sin2 = sin900
2 = 900
= 450
Hence the range of a projectile is maximum when it is projected at an angle 45 0 to the
i θ
horizontal. R= [ =450 =>sin2 => sin2(450) => sin 900 => 1]
g
Maximum Range R=
g
9. Define projectile and write the examples.

a. Projectile: A body projected into air with some velocity at an angle other than 900 with
the horizontal, which moves in a two dimensional plance only under gravitational field of
earth is called projectile.
The projectile motions are two types : i) Horizontal projection
ii) Oblique projection
Examples:
 A bullet fired from a gun.
 A javelin thrown by an athlete.
 A stone thrown by the catapult.
 A cricket ball thrown by a fielder.
(At which point on its path a projectile has the lowest speed ?
The speed of projectile is minimum (lowest) at the maximum height because the vertical
component is zero at the maximum height)
WORK, POWER & ENERGY
1. Define work, power and energy. Write its units and dimensional formula.
a. Work: Work is said to be done when a force displaces a body.
Work = Force x displacement
W=FxS
Or W = FScos (When angular case)
Units: The SI units of work is “Joule”
Dimensional formula: Work = Force x displacement
= M1L1T-2 x L
The dimensional formula of Work = M1L2T-2
Power: The amount of work done in a unit time is called power.
Power =
i
W
P=
t
Units: The SI units of power is “Watt”
Dimensional formula: Power =

i
M L T-
=
The dimensional formula of Power = M1L2T-3
Energy: The capacity to do work is called energy.

The energy is measured in terms of work done, its units and dimensional formula are
same of as that of work.
Units: The SI units of energy is “Joule”
Dimensional formula:
The dimensional formula of Energy = M1L2T-2
2. Define potential energy. Write its units and dimensional formula and give the examples.
a. Definition: The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position is called “potential energy”.
Units: The SI units of potential energy is “Joule”
The dimensional formula of potential Energy = M1L2T-2
Examples:
 A body at a height above the ground possess potential energy.
 A compressed spring possess potential energy.
 A stretched rubber possess potential energy.
3. Define potential energy (P.E). Derive expression for potential energy.

a. Definition: The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position is called “potential energy”.
Expression for Potential Energy: Consider a body of mass ‘m’ on
the ground. Its weight ‘mg’ acts in the vertically downward direction.
To lift this body a minimum force that is equal to its weight should be
applied in the vertically upward direction. If this force displaces the
body to a height ‘h’ , then some work is done against force of gravity. h
The Work done = Force x displacement F

=Fxh
= mgh (where F= mg) m
The work done by the force is converted into potential energy of
the body. mg
The Potential Energy P.E = mgh
4. Define kinetic energy. Write its units and dimensional formula and give the examples.
a. Definition: The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called “kinetic energy”.
Units: The SI units of kinetic energy is “Joule”
The dimensional formula of kinetic Energy = M1L2T-2
Examples:
 Running a man possess kinetic energy.
 Moving car possess kinetic energy.
 Blowing wind posses kinetic energy.
 Flowing water posses kinetic energy.
5. Define kinetic energy (K.E). Derive expression for kinetic energy.

a. Definition: The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called “kinetic energy”.
Expression for Kinetic Energy: Consider a body of mass ‘m’ which is at rest. Suppose that
a constant force ‘F’ acts on the body and moves it through a distance ‘S’. Let the velocity of
the body after travelling a distance S be ‘v’.
Final velocity v=v
Distance travelled S=S
Acceleration a=?
u=0 v
F m
s
v2 - u2 = 2aS
v2 - 02 = 2aS
v
acceleration of the body a=
S
Force acting on the body F = mass x acceleration

v
=mx
S
mv
=
S
The Work done = Force x displacement
mv
= xS
S
= mv
The work done by the force is converted into kinetic energy of the body.
The Kinetic Energy K.E = mv

6. State and prove work – energy theorem.

a. Statement: The work done on a body is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the body.
Proof: Consider a body of mass ‘m’ moving with uniform velocity ‘u’. Suppose that a
constant force ‘F’ acts on the body for a time ‘t’ and changes its velocity to ‘v’.
Let ‘a’ be the acceleration produced and ‘S’ be the displacement during this time.
u v
F m t
s
v2 - u2 = 2aS
v −u
Acceleration of the body a=
S
Force acting on the body F = mass x acceleration

−
F=m
Work done on the body W = Force on the body x displacement
W=FxS
−
=m xS
= m v −u
= mv − mu
= Final kinetic energy – initial kinetic energy
Work done = change in kinetic energy
Hence, work – energy theorem is verified.
7. Derive the relation between kinetic energy and momentum.
a. Relation between Kinetic Energy and Momentum:
The momentum of a body is defined as the product of its mass and velocity.
If ‘m’ is the mass and ‘v’ is velocity of a body,
Then its momentum p = mv --------------------- (i)
The kinetic energy of this body is KE = mv
= mv x
m v
=
m
(from equation (i) p = mv )
p
KE =
m
8. State and prove the law of conservation of energy in the case of a freely falling body.
a. Statement: The total energy of a closed system is constant. Energy can neither be created
nor destroyed but one form of it can be converted into other.
Law of conservation of energy in the case of a freely falling body:
When a body is allowed to fall freely from a certain height, its potential energy (PE) is
gradually converted into kinetic energy (KE) and its total energy (TE) remains constant.
At position A:
Consider a body of mass ‘m’ at A at a height h above
the ground.
Height of the body =h m ---- A ----
PE of the body = mgh
The velocity of the body v=0
KE of the body = m => 0 x
Total energy of the body TE = PE + KE

= mgh + 0
v1 ---- ---- B h
= mgh
At position B:
Now suppose that the body is dropped freely. Consider
h-x
a point B in its path after travelling a distance ‘x’ where
its velocity is v1.
Height of the body = h-x
v2 C
PE of the body = mg(h-x)
Initial velocity of the body u=0
Final velocity at B v = v1
Acceleration a=g
Distance travelled s=x
Using the equation v2 - u2 = 2as
We get v - 02 = 2gx
v = 2gx
KE of the body = mv => m(2gx)
= mgx

= mg(h-x) + mgx
= mgh – mgx + mgx
= mgh
At position C:
Consider a point C, where the body strikes the ground
with a velocity v2
Height of the body =0
PE of the body = mg(0) => 0
Initial velocity of the body u=0
Final velocity at C v = v2
Acceleration a=g
Distance travelled s=h
Using the equation v2 - u2 = 2as
We get v - 02 = 2gh
v = 2gh
KE of the body = mv => m(2gh)
= mgh
= 0 + mgh
= mgh
= mgh
Conclusion: The total energy of the body of the freely falling body at positions A, B and
C in its path is constant and equal to mgh. Hence, the law of conservation of energy is
proved in the case of a freely falling body.
9. State law of conservation of energy and write the examples

a. Statement: The total energy of a closed system is constant. Energy can neither be created
nor destroyed but one form of it can be converted into other.
Examples:
 In a dam, PE changes to KE.
 In a motor, electrical energy converts into mechanical energy.
 In a electric bulb, electrical energy converts into heat and light energies.
 In a dynamo, mechanical energy converts into electrical energy.
HEAT & THERMODYNAMICS

1. State and explain the gas laws (OR) State and explain Boyle’s law and Charles law.
a. Boyle’s law:
Statement: At constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely
proportional to its pressure.
Explanation: If the volume of a given mass of gas increases, its pressure decreases
And if the volume of a given mass of gas decreases, its pressure increases.
If V is the volume and P is the pressure, then
1
Vα
P
1
V=K.
P
PV = K
P1V1 = P2V2 = P3V3 = K (constant)
[ Boyle’s law in terms of Density: At constant temperature, the pressure of a given mass of
P P P
gas is directly proportional to its density. => P α d => = = = K (constant) ]
d d d
Charles First law (At Constant Pressure):
Statement: At constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional
to its absolute temperature.
Explanation: If the volume of a given mass of gas increases, its absolute temperature increases
And if the volume of a given mass of gas decreases, its absolute temperature decreases.
If V is the volume and T is the absolute temperature, then
VαT
V
=K
T
V V V
= = = K (constant)
T T T
Charles Second law (At Constant Volume):
Statement: At constant volume, the pressure of a given mass of gas is directly proportional
to its absolute temperature.
Explanation: If the pressure of a given mass of gas increases, its absolute temperature increases
And if the pressure of a given mass of gas decreases, its absolute temperature decreases.
If P is the pressure and T is the absolute temperature, then
PαT
P
=K
T
P P P
= = = K (constant)
T T T
2. Define absolute zero and absolute scale of temperature. (OR)

Write the relation between absolute temperature and centigrade temperature.
a. Absolute zero: The temperature (-2730C or 0 K) at which the pressure and volume of a
given mass of gas becomes zero is called “Absolute zero”.
Absolute zero temperature = -2730C =0 K
Absolute scale: A new scale of temperature was established by taking absolute zero as
the starting value. This scale is called “Absolute scale or Kelvin scale”.
The relation between Kelvin scale and Centigrade scale can be established as,
Temperature on Kelvin scale = Temperature on Centigrade scale + 273.
3. Define Ideal gas and derive ideal gas equation (OR) Derive gas equation PV=RT.
a. Ideal Gas: A gas which obeys Boyle’s law and Charles law at all temperatures and
pressures is called an “Ideal Gas”.
Derivation of Ideal gas equation: Consider a certain amount of perfect gas in an
enclosure having pressure P, volume V at absolute temperature T.
According to Boyle’s law at constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of gas is
inversely proportional to its pressure.
1
Vα -----------(i)
P
According to Charles law at constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas is directly
proportional to its absolute temperature.
V α T -----------(ii)
Combining the relations (i) and (ii), we get
T
Vα
P
T
V = (constant)
P
PV
= constant
T
This constant is represented by R if one gram mole of gas is considered at NTP, and is
known as “Universal gas constant”.
PV
=R
T
PV = RT
This equation is called Ideal gas equation or Universal gas equation.
If the mass of the gas has ‘n’ moles then ideal gas equation becomes PV = nRT
4. Write the difference (distinguish) between specific gas constant (or) gas constant(r)
and universal gas constant(R). (OR) Write the Difference between r and R.
(OR) Explain gas constant and universal gas constant.
a.
Specific Gas Constant (or)
Universal Gas Constant (R)
Gas Constant (r)
1. It is the value of r = PV , when the 1. It is the value of R = PV , when the
T T
volume of 1 gram of gas is considered volume of 1 gram mole of gas is
at NTP. considered at NTP.
2. Its value is not constant from gas to 2. Its value is constant from gas to gas.
gas. The constant value R= 8.31 J mol-1 K-1
3. It depends on the gram weight of the 3. It depends on the gram mole weight of
gas. the gas.
4. Its SI unit is J kg-1 K-1. 4. Its SI unit is J mol-1 K-1.
5. Its dimensional formula is M0L2T-2K-1 5. Its dimensional formula is M1L2T-2K-1
5. Difference (distinguish) between isothermal and adiabatic process. (OR)

Explain isothermal and adiabatic process.
a.
Isothermal Process Adiabatic Process
1. In this process pressure and volume 1. In this process pressure, volume and
changes and temperature of the gas temperature of the gas changes.
remains constant.
2. This process should be conducted in a 2. This process should be conducted in a
good conducting vessel. non-conducting vessel.
3. Exchange of heat takes place between 3. Exchange of heat is not permitted
gas and surroundings. between gas and surroundings.
4. The internal energy of the gas is 4. The internal energy of the gas is
constant. changes.
5. It is a slow process. 5. It is a quick process.
6. Since temperature remains constant in 6. Since temperature is changing in
isothermal process, the Boyle’s law adiabatic process, the Boyle’s law
PV= Constant can be applied. PV= Constant cannot be applied.
6. State first law and second law of thermodynamics (OR)

Explain laws of thermodynamics.
a. First law of thermodynamics:
Statement: The heat energy supplied to a system is equal to the sum of the increase in
internal energy of the system and the external work done by the system.
Explanation: If dQ is the amount of heat energy supplied to the system, dU is the
increase in internal energy and dW is the external work by the system, then
dQ = dU + dW
Examples: Working diesel, petrol and steam engines is based on this law.
Second law of thermodynamics:

Statement: Heat by itself cannot transmit from a body at lower temperature to a body at
higher temperature without using the external energy.
Explanation: Heat flows from higher temperature to lower temperature. It cannot flow
from lower temperature to higher temperature. By using an external agency like air
conditioner we can transfer heat energy lower temperature to higher temperature.
Examples: Working of refrigerators and cold storage units is based on this law.
7. What is specific heat of substance, define specific heats and molar specific heats of gas
a. Specific heat of substance: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit
mass of the substance through 10C.
Specific heats of gas:

Specific heat of gas at constant pressure (Cp): The amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1gram of the gas through 10C at constant pressure.
Specific heat of gas at constant volume (Cv): The amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1gram of the gas through 10C at constant volume.
Molar Specific heats of gas:

Molar Specific heat of gas at constant pressure (Cp): The amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of 1gram mole of the gas through 10C at constant pressure.
Molar Specific heat of gas at constant volume (Cv): The amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of 1gram mole of the gas through 10C at constant volume.
8. Difference (distinguish) between Cp and Cv (OR)

Difference between specific heat at constant pressure & specific heat at constant volume.
a.
Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (Cp) Specific Heat at Constant Volume (Cv)
1. The amount of heat required to raise 1. The amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of 1gram of the gas the temperature of 1gram of the gas
0
through 1 C at constant pressure. through 10C at constant volume.
2. The heat supplied is partly utilised to 2. The heat supplied is utilised only to
increase in internal energy of gas and increase in internal energy of gas.
partly to do external work.
3. Cp > Cv 3. Cv < Cp
4. Cp = Cv + External work W. 4. External work done by the gas is zero.
9. Explain why Cp is grater than Cv

a. Cp is grater than Cv (Cp > Cv) :
When a gas is heated at constant volume, the heat Cv supplied to it is utilised only to
increase the internal energy of the gas.
But when the gas is heated at constant pressure, the heat Cp supplied to it is utilised for
two purposes.
 For increasing the internal energy of the gas and
 To do the external work in expansion to keep the pressure constant.
For the same raise in temperature, more heat is to be supplied to the gas at constant
pressure than at constant volume. Therefore Cp is always greater than Cv.
10. Derive gas equation in terms of density. (OR)

Derive the relation between universal gas constant and density.
P V P V
a. From the gas equation, we have the relation = for a given mass of gas.
T T
Let M be the mass of the gas let d1 and d2 be the densities of the gas corresponding to the
M M
volumes V1 and V2 respectively. Then V1 = and V2 =
d d
P V P V P P
Substituting the values V1 and V2 i.e., = => =
T T d T d T
P P
=
d T d T
This is the gas equation in terms of density.
11. Derive the equation Cp - Cv = R (OR) Derive the Mayer’s equation (OR)
Obtain the relation between molar specific heats of gas. (OR)
For an ideal gas, Show that the difference of molar specific heat is equal to the
universal gas constant.
a. Derivation of Cp - Cv = R : Consider one gram mole of an ideal gas pressure P, volume
V and absolute temperature T.
For 10 rise in temperature, Cp is greater than Cv by and amount equal to the external
work by done by gas.
C p - Cv = W
Suppose that the gas is heated at constant pressure P to raise the temperature by dT. Let
the increase in volume by dV. Then the external work by done by the gas W = PdV
Cp - Cv = PdV
The heats absorbed by the gas at constant pressure and constant volume for dT rise in
temperature are CpdT and CvdT respectively.
CpdT - CvdT = PdV
(Cp – Cv)dT = PdV
For an ideal gas PV = RT
PdV = RdT ( dV is the increase in volume

for dT rise in temperature )
(Cp – Cv)dT = RdT
Cp – Cv = R
This relation also known as Mayer’s equation.
SOUND
SOUND: Sound is one of the forms of energy which stimulates the sense of hearing.
1. Define wave and wave motion? Write the two types of wave motions with examples?
a. Wave: The disturbance created in a medium by the repeated periodic motion of the
particles of the medium is called “wave”.
Wave motion: the transportation of the disturbance from one place to another place in
the medium is called “wave motion”.
Wave motion is two types:
i) Longitudinal Wave Motion:
 Particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave
 The wave travels in the form of the compressions and rarefactions.
 Ex: Sound wave in air.
ii) Transverse Wave Motion:
 Particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave
 The wave travels in the form of the crests and troughs.
 Ex: Water wave.
2. Write the difference between Musical sound and Noise?

a.
Musical Sound Noise
1. A sound is pleasant to hear is called 1. A sound is unpleasant to hear is called
“musical sound”. “noise”.
2. The wave nature is regular. 2. The wave nature is irregular.
3. Vibrations of the particles of the 3. Vibrations of the particles of the
medium are regular. medium are irregular.
4. There will be no sudden change in 4. There will be sudden change in
amplitude. amplitude.
5. The pitch and loudness are within the 5. The pitch and loudness are the no
specified limits. specified limits.
6. Ex: Sound from musical instruments 6. Sound from Thunders, Crackers, Ticks
like Veena , Guitar, Harmonium, etc., of clock, etc.,
3. Define Noise Pollution? Explain causes of noise pollution, Explain effects of noise
pollution, and Explain methods of minimizing (reducing) noise pollution.
a. Noise Pollution: The pollution of the environment due to spreading of noise, which
interferes with human communication, comfort and health is called “Noise pollution”.
The S.I unit of noise is decibel and it’s symbol is dB.
Causes of Noise Pollution:
1. The noise produced by thunders, barking of dogs and sounds from birds and animals.
2. The noise produced by shouting of people in public gatherings.
3. The noise produced by televisions, stereos and radios.
4. The noise from loud speakers.
5. The noise produced by crackers during festivals and functions.
6. The noise from cinema theatres, schools, and offices.
7. The noise produced by horns of the vehicles.
8. The noise produced by power generators, air conditioners and vacuum cleaners.
Effects of Noise Pollution:
1. Noise pollution effects human health, comfort and efficiency.
2. It causes impatience and mental disorder.
3. It causes headache and increase in blood pressure.
4. It causes sleeplessness and nervous breakdown.
5. It causes temporary deafness if the noise is very loud it may cause permanent deafness.
6. It causes heart, liver and kidney problems.
7. Noise due to sudden explosives may cause cracks in walls and doors of buildings.
8. Noise like resonance may collapse buildings and bridges.
Methods of Minimizing (Reducing) or Controlling Noise Pollution:
1. The people must be educated about the control of noise pollution.
2. Televisions, record players and stereos should be played with low sound level.
3. Loud speakers should be use with in limited sound level.
4. Crackers and musical entertainment systems should be used limited period in functions.
5. Unnecessary blowing of horns should be avoided.
6. Proper plantation must be done along streets and industrial areas to absorb the noise.
7. ‘Noise free zones’ should be maintained near schools and hospitals.
8. In factories noise creating machinery should be covered with insulating material.
4. Explain the phenomenon of beats? Write the applications of beats.

a. Definition: The periodic increase and decrease of loudness of sound when two sounds of
nearly equal frequencies interfere with each other is called the “phenomenon of beats”.
Explanation: When two sounding bodies of nearly equal frequency and amplitude are
sounded together, the loudness of resultant sound increases and decreases alternatively.
One increase and one decrease in loudness is called one beat. If n1 and n2 are the
frequencies of the sounds that produce beats, then the number of beats heard per second is
given by
n = n1 ~ n2
Applications of beats:
1. Beats are used in tuning musical instruments.
2. Beats are used to produce tremulous effects in cine films.
3. Beats are used to detect dangerous gases in mines.
4. Beats are used to determine the frequency of the tuning fork.
5. Beats are used for tuning of radio sets.
6. A unknown frequency of a note can be determined.
5. What is Doppler effect ? Write the applications of Doppler effect .

a. Doppler Effect: The apparent change in frequency of sound due to relative motion
between source and observer is called “Doppler effect”
Example:
The frequency produced by moving train, increases when it reaches the observer at rest
on platform and decrease when it passes away.
Applications of Doppler Effect:
1. Calculate the speed and direction of motion of submarines.
2. Measure radial speed of satellites.
3. Double stars were discovered using Doppler effect.
4. Saturn’s rings were discovered using Doppler effect.
5. Find the velocity of approaching and receding stars.
6. Explain the term reverberation and reverberation time?

a. Reverberation: The persistence of audible sound even after the source has stopped
emitting sound is called “reverberation”.
Explanation: Consider a closed hall. Let S be the source of sound and O be the observer.
Sound produced once by the source travels from S and O by various path due to multiple
reflection at walls, ceiling, floor, etc., as shown in figure. Distance travelled by the sound
through different path is different. Therefore the sounds reaches the observer one after
another.
2 2 4 4
S 1 O
3 4 3
3 4
The observer first listens the direct sound travelled along path-1, with maximum
loudness. The observer listens the same sound again with diminished loudness because of
the sound travelled along path-2. In path 2 sound is reflected once at the wall where some
sound energy is absorbed by the wall. Hence the loudness decreases. Again the observer
listens the same sound with more diminished loudness because of the sound travelled
along path-3 which reflected twice at the walls. Next sound travelled along path-4,
which reflected thrice at the walls reaches the observer. In this way observer listens the
same sound repeatedly with diminishing loudness.
Reverberation Time: The duration of time for which the reverberation exists in a hall is
called “reverberation time”. The reverberation time should neither be too large nor too
small. If the reverberation time is too large the clarity of the speech will be lost. If it is too
small, there will be no sufficient loudness in the hall.
7. Write Sabine’s formula (or) State Sabine’s formula for reverberation time?
a. Sabine’s formula:
Sabine’s formula for reverberation time is given by
. V
T=
∑a
Where T = Reverberation time

V = Volume of the hall
a = Absorption coefficient of a surface
s = Surface area of the surface that absorbs sound.
“∑as” is the total sound energy absorbed by various surfaces in the hall.
∑as = a1s1 + a2s2 + a3s3 +…….
8. Define echo. Write the applications and methods of minimize echos ?
a. Echo: The sound that is repeated once after the original sound due to reflection at large
obstacles is called “echo”
Ex: Echo will be heard when a wood cutter hits the tree with axe.
Applications of echos:
1. The depth of seas and oceans can be determined.
2. The position and distance of motion of submarines can be determined.
3. The position and distance of enemy aircraft can be determined.
4. Echo technique is used to identify stone in kidneys.
Methods of minimize echos:
1. Providing good sound absorbing materials.
2. Providing a large number of doors and windows.
3. Constructing rough walls.
4. Having polished and low ceilings.
9. State the conditions of good auditorium ?

a. Conditions of good auditorium:
1. The loudness of sound should be uniform in the entire hall.
2. The reverberation time should be optimum. It should neither be too low nor too high.
3. There should be no echo in the hall.
4. Outside noise should not enter into the hall.
5. There should be no resonance effect in the auditorium.
6. There should not be any focussing effect of sound at any place in the hall.
7. There should not be any air-borne noise.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

1. Define following terms: A)Resistance B)Resistivity C)Conductance D)Conductivity
a. A) Resistance: Electrical resistance is the property of a conductor that opposes the flow
of electricity through it.
The ratio between potential difference (V) and current (I).
V
formula: R = , SI unit: ohm ( Ω )
I
B) Resistivity (or) Specific resistance: The electrical resistance offered by unit length
and unit area of cross section of a conductor is called Specific resistance (or) Resistivity.
formula: ρ = , SI unit: ohm metre ( Ωm )

𝑙
C) Conductance: The reciprocal of resistance of a conductor is called conductance.

I
formula: G = => , SI unit: mho or ohm-1
R V
D) Conductivity (or) Specific conductance: The reciprocal of resistivity of a conductor

is called conductivity (or) specific conductance.
𝑙
formula: σ = => , SI unit: mho metre-1 or ohm-1 metre-1
2. State and explain Ohm’s law.

a. Ohms law: At constant temperature the current flowing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the potential difference between its ends.
Explanation:
If a current ‘i’ passes through the conductor due to the potential difference V, then
Vαi
V = Ri
Where R is the proportionality constant and is known as electrical resistance of the
conductor. V = iR
3. State and explain Kirchoff’s laws (or) Explain kirchoff’s first law and second law.
a. Kirchoff’s first law (Kirchoff’s current law):
The sum of the electric currents flowing towards the junction in a circuit is equal to the
sum of electric currents flowing out of the junction.
(or) the algebraic sum of currents meeting at junction is zero.
Consider a junction ‘O’ and suppose that the

currents i1 , i3 and i5 are entering it and the currents
i2 , i4 and i6 are leaving it as shown in the figure.
The sum of the currents entering the junction is
i1+i3+i5 and the sum of the currents leaving the
junction is i2+i4+i6
Sum of currents entering into a junction = Sum of currents leaving form the junction.
Therefore, i1 + i3 + i5 = i2 + i4 + i6
i1 - i2 + i3 – i4 + i5 - i6 = 0
∑i=0
Kirchoff’s second law (Kirchoff’s voltage law):
In a closed circuit, the algebraic sum of the products of the current and resistance of each
part of the circuit is equal to the algebraic sum of the electromotive forces acting in the
loop. Thus the algebraic sum of the potential differences around any closed loop is zero
∑ iR - ∑ E = 0
Or ∑V =0
4. State and explain Wheatstone’s bridge (or) expression the balancing condition of
wheatstone’s bridge from kirchoff’s laws.
a. Wheatstone bridge:
The bridge consists of four resistances
P,Q,R and S which are connected so as
to form a quadrilateral ABCD as shown
in the figure. The junctions A and C are
joined to the terminals of a cell. The
other pair of junctions B and D are
connected to a galvanometer through
the key K.
Balancing of whetstone’s bridge based on Kirchhoff’s law:

The current i flowing from battery, splits at the junction A and flows as i 1 in AB and as i2
in AD. At the junction B, i1 splits up and flows as ig in BD and as i3 in BC. At D, i2 and ig
meet and flow as i4 in DC . At C, i3 and i4 meet and flow as i towards E.
Applying Kirchhoff’s current law to B and D junctions, we get
i1 - i3 - ig = 0 -----------(1)
i2 + ig - i4 = 0 ----------- (2)
When the values of the resistances P, Q, R and S are adjusted so that the galvanometer
shows null deflection, then ig = 0
Then the equations (1) and (2) becomes
i1 - i3 = 0 => i1 = i3 -------(3)
i2 - i4 = 0 => i2 = i4 -------(4)
Applying voltage law to the closed loops ABDA and BCDB we get
i1P + igG - i2R = 0--------- (5)
i3Q - i4S - igG = 0 ----------(6)
When the bridge balanced ig = 0
Then the equations (5) and (6) becomes
i1P - i2R = 0 => i1P = i2R ------- (7)
i3Q - i4S = 0 => i3Q = i4S ------- (8)
i1Q = i2S ------- (9) ( i1 = i3 and i2 = i4 )
Dividing equation (7) by equation (9) we get

i1 P i2 R
=
i1 Q i2 S
P R
=
Q S
This is the condition for balancing of whetstone’s bridge

5. State and explain Metre bridge (or) determine the specific resistance (unknown
resistance) by using metre bridge (or) expression the balancing condition of metre bridge.
a. Metre bridge: Meter bridge is a simple instrument used for the measurement of small
resistances. It works on the principle of Wheatstone’s bridge and has a uniform wire of
one metre length in place of the resistances R and S.
Construction:
In consists of a wire AC of one metre in length and of uniform area of cross-section. The
wire is stretched on a wooden board along a metre scale. The ends of the wire are
connected to thick copper strips G and H as shown in the figure. Another metallic strip I
is fixed between G and H to form two gaps in which an unknown resistance P and the
resistance box Q can be connected. A cell E is connected through a key K between the
points A and C. The terminal B is joined to one end of the galvanometer whose other end
is joined to a jockey J which slided along the wire AC.
Determine specific resistance for metre bridge: A known resistance Q is taken out
from the resistance box. Sliding the jockey J along the length of the wire AC, a point D is
obtained for which the galvanometer shows no deflection. The lengths of the wire AD
and DC are measured. If AD = l then DC = ( 1 – l ) since AC = 1 metre. When the bridge
is balanced ,
P Resistance of the wire of length AD
=
Q Resistance of the wire of length DC
P 𝑙
= (this the balancing condition for meter bridge)
Q –𝑙
𝑙
Unknown resistance P = Q
–𝑙
Here Q is a known resistance, l can be measured and there by P can be calculated.

If L is the length of the wire P of unknown resistance and r is its radius, then
r
Specific resistance ρ =
L
6. Define following terms: A) Magnetic field B) Magnetic lines of force

C) Magnetic moment D) Magnetic induction field strength
a. A) Magnetic field: The region around a magnet in which magnetic properties can be
detected is called the magnetic field.
(Uniform magnetic field: The magnetic field in which all the magnetic lines of force are in one
direction and equally spaced is known as uniform magnetic field.
Non-Uniform magnetic field: The magnetic field in which all the magnetic lines of force are in
different directions and differently spaced is known as uniform magnetic field.)
B) Magnetic lines of force: The path in which a free unit north pole would move in a
magnetic field is called magnetic lines of force.
Properties of Magnetic lines of force:
 The magnetic lines of force are closed curves
 Their direction is from north pole to south pole, outside the magnet
 Their direction is from south pole to north pole, inside the magnet
 The lines of force never cross each other
C) Magnetic moment (M): The magnetic moment M is calculated as the product of the
pole strength ( m) and magnetic length ( 2l ).
formula: M = m x 2l , SI unit: joule tesla-1
D) Magnetic induction field strength (B): The force acting on a unit north pole at a
point in the magnetic field is called the magnetic induction field strength.
μ0 m m
According to Coulomb’s inverse square law F =
4π d2
For a unit north pole, m1 = 1, let the pole strength of the given magnet be m2 = m.
μ m
Magnetic induction field strength = B =
πd
-2
SI unit: tesla (T) (1 tesla = 1 weber metre ) ; Dimensional formula: M1L0T-2I-1
7. State and explain Coulomb’s inverse square law of magnetism.

a. Statement: “The force between two magnetic poles is directly proportional to the product
of their pole strengths and inversely proportional to square of the distance between them.”
Consider two poles of pole strengths m1 and m2 which are separated by a distance d.
Then the force F between them is given by
F α m1m2
α
d
m m
Fα
d2
m m
F=K (Where K is constant)
d2
μ m m μ
F= 2 (K = where μ is the absolute permeability of the medium)
4π d 4π
μ0 m m
or F= (μ0 is the absolute permeability of free space (air), μ0 = 4π x 10-7 Hm-1)
4π d2
8. Derive the expression for the moment of couple on a bar magnet in a uniform
magnetic field.
a. Moment of couple on a bar magnet in a uniform magnetic field:
Consider a bar magnet of pole strength ‘m’ and
magnetic length ‘2l’, placed in a uniform magnetic
field ‘B’ at an angle with the direction of the
field. Each pole of the magnet experiences a force
equal to mB in opposite directions. Thus two equal
and opposite forces acts on the magnet at its ends
constituting a couple. This tries to rotate the magnet
so as to align in the direction of the field.
Moment of couple on the bar magnet = force x perpendicular distance between the two forces.
𝒯 = mB x SX
X
= mB x (NS) sin θ ( sin θ = )
= mB x (2l) sin θ ( NS = 𝑙 )
= MB sin θ ( m x 2l = M )
𝒯 = MB sin θ
Therefore the moment of couple on the bar magnet depends on the angle between the
magnetic field B and the axis of the bar magnet.
Case-1: when θ = , 𝒯 = MB sin θ
=0 ( sin 0 = )
When magnet is parallel to the direction of the field, the moment couple on the magnet is zero.
Case-2: when θ = 9 , 𝒯 = MB sin θ
= MB ( sin 90 = )
When the magnet is perpendicular to the direction of the field, the moment on the magnet is
maximum.
9. Derive an expression for the magnetic induction field strength at a point on the axial
line of a bar magnet.
a. Magnetic induction field strength at a point on the axial line:
Axial line of a bar magnet is the line passing through both the poles of the magnet.
Consider a bar magnet of magnetic length ‘2l’ and pole strength ‘m’. Let ‘A’ be a point
on the axial line at a distance ‘d’ from the centre ‘O’ of the magnet.
The magnetic induction BN at A due to a north pole of the magnet, acting along NA is
given by
μo
BN = .
μo
BN = . ( NA= d-l)
−
The magnetic induction BS at A due to the south pole of the magnet, acting along AS is
given by
μo
Bs = .
μo
Bs= . ( SA= d+l)
+𝑙
Therefore the resultant magnetic induction at A along NA is given by
B = BN - BS
μo μ
= . - .
−𝑙 +𝑙
μo
= m[ - ]
−𝑙 +𝑙
μo +𝑙 − −𝑙
= m[ ]
−𝑙
μo 𝑙
= .
−𝑙
μo × 𝑙×
= .
−𝑙
μo
B= . ( m×2l = M)
−𝑙
Therefore the magnetic induction field strength at any point on the axial line of a bar
magnet is
μo
B= .
−𝑙
When l ≪ d i.e, in the case of a very short bar magnet
μo
B = .
10. Derive an expression for the magnetic induction field strength at a point on the
equatorial line of a bar magnet.
a. Magnetic induction field strength at a point on the equatorial line:
Equatorial line of a bar magnet is the perpendicular bisector of the axis of the magnet.
Consider a bar magnet of magnetic length ‘2l’ and pole strength ‘m.’ let ‘E’ be a point on
the equatorial line at a distance d from centre ‘O’ of the magnet.
The magnetic induction BN at E due to the north pole of the magnet acting along NE is
given by B
μo
BN = .
μo
BN = . ( NE = √ d + 𝑙 )
+𝑙
The magnetic induction BS at E due to the south pole of the magnet acting along ES is
given by
μo
BS = .
μo
BS = . ( SE = √ d + 𝑙 )
+𝑙
The vectors BN and BS are represented by the adjacent sides EF and EH of the
parallelogram EFGH. Then the diagonal EG of the parallelogram gives the resultant
induction field B.
From the figure the triangles EFG and NES are similar.
EG = .(NS)
N.
EG =
√ +𝑙
μo 𝑙
B = . .
+𝑙 √ +𝑙
μo
B = . ⁄
( M = m x 2l )
+𝑙
When l ≪ d, i.e., in the case of a very short bar magnet
μ
B = .
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1. Define Elasticity and Inelasticity.
a. Elasticity: The property of certain materials of returning back to their original size or
shape, after removing the deforming force is called elasticity.
Examples: Rubber, crystals.
Inelasticity: A body which cannot regain its original size or shape after the removable of
deforming force is called inelasticity or plasticity.
Examples: Wood, glass.
2. Define Stress and Strain.

a. Stress: The deforming force applied per unit area of the body is called stress.
Stress (σ) =deforming / area
= F/A
Units: The SI unit of stress is N/m2 (or) Pascal., Dimensional formula: ML-1T-2
Strain: The change in dimension of a body due to the deforming force is called strain.
Strain = change in dimension / original dimension
Strain does not having any units and dimension formula because both are same
physical quantities.
3. Define Hooke’s law.

a. Hooke’s law: Within an elastic limit, stress is directly proportional to strain produced in a
body. i.e., stress α strain
Stress / strain = constant
=E (Where ‘E’ is called modulus of elasticity.)
The unit and dimensional formula for modulus of elasticity is same as that stress.
Units: The SI unit of stress is N/m2 (or) Pascal., Dimensional formula: ML-1T-2
4. Define Surface Tension and write the examples

a. Surface Tension: The force acting perpendicular to the surface is called surface tension.
Surface Tension (T) = Force / length, units = dynes/cm
Examples: Floating a needle, Insects and Soap bubble.
5. Define Angle of Contact and write its Characteristics.

a. Angle of Contact: The angle between solid surface and the tangent drawn to the surface
of the liquid at the point of contact is called “Angle of Contact”.
Characteristics:
 The angle of contact may have any value between 00 and 1800
 for most of the liquids with glass, it is less than 900
 The angle of contact depends only on the nature of solid and liquid.
6. Define Capillarity, write its examples and formula for surface tension based on capillarity.
a. Capillarity: “The phenomenon of rise or fall of liquid level in a capillary tube is called
capillarity.” Examples: kerosene lamp, candle
Formula for surface tension: T= hrdg / 2
Where h  capillarity rise in capillary tube
r  radius of the capillary tube
d  density of the liquid.
7. Define Viscosity, write examples and write the Newton’s formula for viscous force.
a. Viscosity: The property of a liquid which gives rise to a viscous force that tends to
oppose the relative motion between its layers is called viscosity.
Examples:
 Rain drops are slower due to viscosity of air.
 Honey runs slower than water because of high viscosity.
 Due to viscosity of sea water, waves will subside.
Newton’s formula for viscous force: F = × A (dv/dx)
Where ‘ ’ is called coefficient of viscosity. It is depends only on the nature of the liquid.
8. Define Coefficient of Viscosity, write units& dimensional formula and write the
Poiseuille’s equation for viscosity.
a. Coefficient of Viscosity: The viscous force acting per unit area when there is unit
velocity gradient in the flow of liquid is called coefficient of viscosity (or) dynamic
viscosity.
Coefficient of viscosity ( ) = F/ A (dv/dx)
Units: The SI unit of coefficient of viscosity is Nm-2S., Dimensional formula: ML-1T-1
Poiseuille’s equation for viscosity: = πPr4 / 8lv
( where P = pressure difference between the ends of capillary tube,
r = radius of capillary bore, l = length of the capillary tube, v = volume of the liquid. )
9. Explain about Effect of Temperature on Viscosity of Liquids and Gases.

a. Effect of Temperature on Viscosity of Liquids: The viscosity of the liquids decreases
as the temperature increases.
Effect of Temperature on Viscosity of Gases: The viscosity of the gases increases as
the temperature increases.
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (S.H.M)

1. Define Periodic motion write its examples.
a. Periodic motion: “The motion which repeats itself in regular interval of time is known as
periodic motion or Harmonic motion.”
Examples: * The rhythmic beat of heart
* The vibrations of violin string
2. Define Simple harmonic motion write the conditions and examples.

a. Simple harmonic motion : “SHM is a motion of a body such that, its acceleration is
always towards the fixed point and directly proportional to its displacement form that
point.”
Conditions for SHM: * Motion should be periodic.
* Acceleration directly proportional to its displacement.
* The body should move to and pro about the mean the position.
Examples: * Motion of clock pendulum.

* Oscillation of simple pendulum.
3. Define following terms: A) Displacement B) Amplitude

C) Time period D) Frequency E) Phase or Epoch
a. A) Displacement: The distance of a particle in a direction from its mean position is
called Displacement.
y = rsin (ωt + ɸ)
B) Amplitude: The maximum displacement of the oscillating particle on either side of
mean position is called Amplitude.
C) Time period: The time taken by the oscillating particle to completer one oscillation is
called Time period. T = ω
D) Frequency: The number of oscillations per unit time made by a particle is called
ω
frequency. n=
E) Phase or Epoch: The Phase is the vibrating of the particle. The equation which
indicates simple harmonic motion is y = rsin (ωt + ɸ). Hence ωt + ɸ is called Phase,
when t=0 called Initial Phase or Epoch.
4. Define Velocity and Acceleration

a. Velocity: The rate of change in displacement is called velocity.
Velocity V = ω r 2  y 2
When velocity maximum Vmax = rω, velocity minimum Vmin = 0
Acceleration: The rate of change in velocity is called acceleration.

Acceleration a = -ω2y
When acceleration maximum amax = ω2r, acceleration minimum amin = 0
5. Define Simple pendulum and seconds pendulum.
a. Simple pendulum: A heavy point mass suspended to a light inextensible string (or)
thread is called simple pendulum.
l
The time period of simple pendulum T = 2 g
Seconds pendulum: A simple pendulum whose time period is two seconds is called
seconds pendulum.
6. Write the Laws of simple pendulum
a. Laws of simple pendulum:

l
The time period of simple pendulum T = 2 g
1. The time period does not depend on shape, size and mass of the bob
2. The period of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square root of the
length of the pendulum. T α √ℓ
3. The period of a simple pendulum is inversely proportional to the square root of the
acceleration due to gravity at constant length’ ’. 𝑇 𝛼√

𝑔
ELEMENTS OF VECTORS
1. Define Scalar and Vector and write the examples.
a. Scalar or Scalar quantities: Those physical quantities which have only magnitude but
no direction are called scalar quantities. Examples: mass, length, area, volume, speed.
Vector or Vector quantities: Those physical quantities which have both magnitude and
direction and obey the vector laws is called vector quantities.
Examples: displacement, velocity, acceleration, force.
2. State Parallelogram law, Triangle law and Polygon law.

a. Parallelogram law: If two vectors are acting at a point represent in both magnitude and
direction by the side of the parallelogram then their represents in magnitude and direction
by the diagonal passing through the same point.
Magnitude resultant : R = √P + Q + PQcos
i
Direction resultant: α = tan− [ +
]
Triangle law: If two vectors having both magnitude and direction taken as two sides of
the triangle in one order, then the resultant represents the closing side of the triangle in
reverse order. ⃗ =A
C ⃗ +B
⃗
Polygon law: If number of vectors having both magnitude and direction taken as four
sides of the polygon in one order, then the resultant represents the closing side of the
polygon in reverse order.
3. Explain Multiplication of vectors (or) Define Dot product and Cross product and
write the examples (or) Define Scalar product and Vector product.
a. Dot product (or) Scalar product: The dot product of two vectors is defined as product
of the magnitudes of two vectors and cosine of the angle between them, whose direction
is parallel to plane. Examples: work , power
Cross product (or) Vector product: The cross product of two vectors is defined as
product of the magnitudes of two vectors and sine of the angle between them, whose
direction is perpendicular to plane. Examples: Torque, Linear velocity
MODERN PHYSICS
1. Explain Photo electric effect and write the laws and applications of photo electric effect
a. Photo electric effect: The phenomenon in which emission of electrons takes place from
the surface of certain metals when light of suitable frequency falls on them is called
“photo electric effect.”
Laws of Photo electric effect:
 The minimum frequency which causes photo electric emission is called threshold
frequency and it differs from metal to metal.
 The rate of photo electrons is directly proportional to the intensity of incident light.
 The energy of photo electrons is directly proportional to the frequency of incident
radiation.
 The photo electric emission does not depend upon the temperature of the metal.
Applications of Photo electric effect:
 In televisions,
 In counting machines,
 In photo telegraphy,
 As micro ammeters,
 For color identification.
 In production of sound from
films.
Photoelectric Cell Circuit
2. Define Refraction light, Critical angle and Total internal reflection.

a. Refraction light: “The phenomenon of bending of light at the boundary between two
different medium is called refraction”.
i i
From Snell’s law refractive index µ =
i
Critical angle: “When a light ray passes from a denser medium to rarer medium, the
angle of incidence for which the angle of refraction becomes 900 is called critical angle”.
Total internal reflection: “A light ray gets totally reflected back when it incidents at an
angle, greater than the critical angle, on a boundary across which the refractive index
decreases. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection”.
3. Explain about Optical fiber and write the applications of Optical fiber
a. Optical fiber:“An optical fiber is a dielectric wave guide through which electromagnetic
energy in the form of light can be transmitted with very little leakage.”
Applications of Optical fibers:

 In cable T.V connections,
 In telecommunications,
 In scientific instruments to illuminate subjects,
 In military communications because of data security,
 As fiber scopes in medical diagnostic equipment.
4. Define Super conductors and Super conductivity and write the applications and
properties of Super conductors.
a. Super conductors: The materials whose electrical resistance becomes zero below certain
temperature are called super conductors.
Super conductivity: The absence of electrical resistance in some substances below
certain temperature is called super conductivity.
Applications of super conductors:
 Super conductors are used in switching devices,
 Super conductors are used in super fast computer switches,
 They are used to amplify very small direct current and voltages,
 Electric current can be transmitted through super conducting cables without
resistive losses.
 Super conductors are used in the construction of very sensitive electric measuring
instruments like galvanometer.
Properties of super conductors:
 There will be no joule heat when current passes through super conductors,
 All thermo electric effects disappears in super conducting state,
 Thermal expansion and elastic properties do not change in transmission,
 The superconducting property of a super conductor is not lost by adding impurities
to it but its critical temperature will be lowered.
PROBLEMS
KINEMATICS
1. A body is allowed to fall freely from a height of 2000 m. Find the time taken to reach
the ground. (g = 10 m/s2)
2. A body when dropped freely from certain height, covers 24.5 m during its last second of
its motion. Calculate the height from which the body is dropped freely. (g = 9.8 m/s2)
3. A stone is allowed to fall freely from the top of a tower 300 m high and at the same time
another stone is projected vertically upwards with a velocity of 75 m/s. Find when and
where the two stones will meet.
4. An object is thrown vertically up with initial velocity 39.2 m/s. Find the maximum
height and time ascent.
5. A body projected vertically upwards from the ground reaches a maximum height of 44.1
meters and falls to the ground. Find the time taken by the body to reach the ground.
6. A body is falling freely from a height of 19.6 m. Find its velocity on reaching the ground.
7. A stone is thrown vertically up with a velocity of 19.6 m/s from the top of a building. If
it reaches the ground in 6 seconds, find the height of the building.
8. A balloon rising vertically with uniform velocity releases a body at a height of 18.4 m.
If it reaches the ground in 8 seconds, find the initial velocity of the balloon.
9. An aeroplane flying horizontally with a speed of 360 kmph releases a bomb at a height
of 490 m from the ground. Find when and where the bomb will strike the ground.
10. A stone is projected with a velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 300 to horizontal. After 1.5
seconds, find its horizontal distance and vertical height from its starting point.
11. A body is projected at an angle of 300 with horizontal with a velocity of 19.6 m/s.
Calculate the maximum height, time of flight and horizontal range.
12. The range of a projectile is twice its maximum height. Its velocity of projection is 10
m/s. What is the range of the projectile ? (g = 10 m/s2)
13. The maximum height reached by a projectile is equal to its range. Find the angle of
projection.
14. A stone is dropped from a balloon ascending with an uniform vertical velocity of 23.2
m/s and reaches ground in 10 seconds. Find the height of the balloon when the stone
reaches the ground. Take the value g as 9.8 m/s2
1. A body of mass 20 kg is lifted to a height 3 m form the ground. Find the work done.
2. The work done by a person in carrying a box of mass 20 kg through a vertical height of
5 m is 4900 J. Find the mass of the person.
3. A force of 8 N pulled a body at an angle 300 with the horizontal and displaced it by 10 m.
Find the work done.
4. Find the power of electric machine, if it lifts 200 kg of water from a well depth 120 m in
9.8 seconds.
5. An engine is used to lift water from a well 50 m deep to fill a tank of dimensions
5 m X 5 m X 10 m in 50 minutes. Find the power of the engine.
6. A machine gun fires 240 bullets per minute with a velocity of 500 m/s. If the mass of
each bullet is 3 gm. Find the power of the machine gun.
7. A machine gun fires 240 bullets per minute. Mass of each bullet is 10 grams. If the
power of the gun is 7.2 kW, find the velocity of the bullet.
8. An engine lifts 4000 kg of water per minute from a well 5 m depth. If 20 % energy is
wasted, then find the power of the engine.
9. A person of mass 60 kg lifts a mass of 40 kg to the top a building of 10 m in 50 s. Find
power of the person.
10. A lift carried 10 persons each weighing 60 kg to the top storey of the building 100 m
high. Calculate the potential energy acquired by the persons.
11. A bullet of mass 10 grams is fired with a velocity of 300 m/s. Find its kinetic energy.
12. If the mass of a body is reduced to half and the velocity is doubled, how does its KE
changes?
13. A force acts on a body of mass 2 kg increase its velocity from 5 m/s to 10 m/s. Find the
work done by it.
14. The momentum of a body of mass 2 kg is 50 kg m/s. Find its kinetic energy.
15. If the momentum of a body is doubled, how does its kinetic energy change ?
16. A body of mass 100 kg is allowed to fall from a height of 50 m from the ground.
Calculate its potential and kinetic energy at a height of 30 m from the ground.
1. Normal human body temperature is 370 C. Convert into absolute scale of temperature.
2. One litre of air is heated form 270 C to 1770 C at constant pressure. Find the increase in
volume of the gas.
3. A gas at 300 C has its temperature raised so that volume is doubled. The pressure
reaming constant, what is its final temperature ?
4. The pressure of gas at temperature 270 C is 70 mm of Hg. Find its pressure at
temperature 2270 C, if it is heated at constant volume.
5. A gas occupies 25 litres under a pressure of 72 cm of Hg at 37 0 C. What will be the
volume when 75 cm of Hg pressure is applied at 270 C ?
6. A cylinder contains 90.3 cc of gas at 170 C and 735 mm of Hg pressure. Find its volume
at NTP.
7. Density of air at 00 C and 760 mm of pressure is 1.293 kg m-3. Find its density at 300 C
and 750 mm of pressure.
8. A gas at a pressure of 105 Nm-2 is allowed to expand isothermally until its volume is
doubled. Find its final pressure.
9. A gas at a pressure of 100 Nm-2 is compressed to half the original volume. Calculate the
pressure if the compression is adiabatic and γ = 1.4
10. When heat energy of 2000 joules is supplied to a gas at constant pressure 2 X 105 Nm-2 ,
there was an increase in its volume equal to 0.004 m3. Calculate the increase in internal
energy of the gas.
11. The volume of a gas is 20 cc. at 270 C. Pressure reaming constant, what is the
temperature at which the volume of the gas is 40 cc.?
12. 1 litre of air at 270 C is heated until the pressure and volume are doubled. Find the final
temperature.
13. The pressure of a given mass of gas enclosed in a bulb increases by three time and the
volume reduced by 1/5 of its initial volume. If the gas is initially at 270 C, what will be
its final temperature ?
14. Calculate the value of universal gas constant for one gram mole of a gas at NTP.
(OR) Evaluate the ideal gas constant.
15. The ratio of two specific heats of a gas is 1.4 . Its molar specific heat at constant volume
Cv is 4.96 J-1 mol-1 K-1. Find the value of universal gas constant
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
1. Calculate the potential difference to be applied across a conductor of resistance 20 Ω, so

that a current of 2 A may flow through it.
2. Calculate the resistance of a conductor when a current of 10-2 A flows between its ends
under a potential difference of 20 V.
3. Determine the current flowing through the filament of a lamp having a constant
resistance of 440 Ω and connected across 200 V mains.
4. The resistance of copper wire of 200 metres long is 21 ohms. If the diameter is 0.04 cm,
determine its specific resistance.
5. A copper wire of cross sectional are 0.01 mm2 is used to prepare a resistance of 1 kilo ohm.
If the resistivity of copper is 1.7 X 10-8 ohm metre, find the length of the wire.
6. Calculate the resistance of 500 metres of a cable, if its area of cross-section and
resistivity are 100 mm2 and 1.7 X 10-8 Ω m respectively.
7. The resistance of a wire is 8 ohms. What is the resistance of another wire of same
material having same length but double area of cross section ?
8. Three currents 1 mA, 3mA and i3 mA are flowing towards the junction and two currents
2 mA and 3 mA are flowing away from the junction. Find the value of i3.
9. The values of resistances P,Q,R are 50 ohms, 10 ohms, 15 ohms respectively in the
balanced condition of Weatstone’s bridge. Find the unknown resistance S.
10. If 10 ohms and 30 ohms are connected in left and right gaps in meter bridge experiment,
find the balancing length. (OR) In the metre bridge experiment , if the resistance
in the left and right are in the 10 : 30, find the balancing point is obtained.
11. A balance point in a metre bridge experiment is obtained at 30 cm from the left. If the
right gap contains 3.5 ohms, what is the resistance in the left gap ?
12. A wire of length 0.25 m and diameter 3.286 X 10-5 m is connected in the left gap of a
metre bridge. The other resistances at the balanced conditions are Q = 10 Ω, R = 33 Ω

and S = 66 Ω. Find the specific resistance of the wire.
13. Two magnetic poles of strength 40 Am and 20 Am are separated by a distance of 0.2 m
in air. Calculated the force between them.
14. The force between two short magnets if F . When the poles strengths are doubled and
distance between the magnets is halved, what is the force between them ?
15. The force of repulsion between two poles separated by a distance of 5 cm is 10 N. What
is the repulsion between the same poles separated by a distance of 4 cm ?
16. A bar magnet of length 20 cm and pole strength 5 Am makes an angle of 300 with a
uniform magnetic field of induction 100 tesla. Find the magnetic moment and
Find the moment of couple on it.
1. The simple harmonic motion of a body is given by equation y = 4 sin [ t + ]. Find
a. Angular velocity e. Frequency
b. Time period f. Initial phase (or) Epoch
c. Initial displacement g. Maximum velocity
d. Amplitude h. Maximum acceleration
2. A particle is performing S.H.M with an amplitude of 0.5 m and has an angular velocity
of 1000 rad/s. Find its velocity at a distance of 0.3 m from the mean position.
3. Calculate the length of the seconds pendulum at a place where the value of g is 9.8 m/s2.
4. Find the value of acceleration due to gravity at a place where the length of the seconds
pendulum is 0.9 m.
SOUND
1. Two notes of frequencies 500 Hz and 200 Hz are sounded together simultaneously. Find
the number of beats produced per second.
2. Find the minimum distance required between obstacle and observer to hear an echo.
(velocity of sound v = 340 m/s).
3. A boy hears an echo of his own voice form a distant hill after 2 seconds. If the velocity
of sound is 340 m/s, what is the distance of the hill from the boy ?
4. Calculate the velocity of sound in air if an observer at a distance of 425 m from a
building hears an echo after 2.5 s.
ELEMENTS OF VECTORS
1. A force of 150 N acts on a particle at angle of 300 to the horizontal. Find the horizontal
and vertical components of force.
2. Two forces 30 N and 40 N act at a point simultaneously at right angles to each other.
Find the magnitude and direction of the resultants.
3. A force of ⃗ N acts on a body for 4 s and produces a displacement of

i+ j+ k
i + j + ⃗k . Calculate the work and power.
4. ⃗ = i + j + k⃗ and
Find the area of parallelogram and triangle formed by two vectors A
⃗B = i - j + k⃗ as two adjacent sides.
5. A force of ( i + j + k⃗ ) newtons acts on a particle having position vector
( i + j + ⃗k ) with reference to an axis. Find the torque.

6. Find the dot product and cross product of two vectors ⃗A = i + j + ⃗k and
⃗B = i - j + ⃗k.
7. ⃗.
Find the magnitude and unit vector in the direction of i + j - k
SYLLABUS PATTERN
Subject Title : Engineering Physics

Subject Code : 103
Weightage
S.No Major Topics Short Type Essay Type
of Marks
1. Units and Dimensions 03 1 -
2. Elements of Vectors 13 1 1
3. Kinematics 13 1 1
4. Friction 10 - 1
5. Work, Power and Energy 10 - 1
6. Simple Harmonic Motion 13 1 1
7. Heat & Thermodynamics 13 1 1
8. Sound 13 1 1
9. Properties of matter 06 2 -
10. Electricity & magnetism 13 1 1
11. Modern Physics 03 1 -
Total: 110 10 8
ENGINEERING PHYSICS MODEL PAPER

PART—A
3×10=30
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions.
(2) Each question carries three marks.
1. Units and Dimensions
2. Elements of Vectors
3. Kinematics
4. Simple Harmonic Motion
5. Heat & Thermodynamics
6. Sound
7. Properties of Matter
8. Properties of Matter
9. Electricity & Magnetism
10. Modern Physics
PART—B
10×5=50
Instructions : (1) Answer any five questions.
(2) Each question carries ten marks.
11. Elements of Vectors

12. Kinematics
13. Friction
14. Work, Power and Energy
15. Simple Harmonic Motion
16. Heat & Thermodynamics
17. Sound
18. Electricity & Magnetism
VSM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING I DIPLOMA PHYSICS MATERIAL (dp) 61 | Page
KINEMATICS

1,22,50,000
3,000

10.
ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM


SOUND
2
ELEMENTS OF VECTORS
129.9 N and 75 N
* 8. Write the * Newton’s formula for viscous force and hence define
* 4051 *
coefficient of viscosity.
C14–M–103/C14–CHOT–103/C14–RAC– 103 9. State the Kirchhoff’s laws.
4051 10. Define critical angle and total internal reflection.
BOARD DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, (C–14)

PART—B 10×5=50
MARCH/APRIL—2016
DME–FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION Instructions : (1) Answer any five questions.
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
(3) Answers should be comprehensive and the criterion
Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80 for valuation is the content but not the length of
the answer.
PART—A 3×10=30
11. (a) Define dot product of two vectors. 2
(b) Write any four properties of dot product. 4
(2) Each question carries three marks. r r r r r r r r
(c) If a vector A = 2 i + j - 2k and B = 2 i - 3 j + 2k are two
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point
and shall not exceed five simple sentences. adjacent sides of a parallelogram, find the area of
parallelogram. 4
1. Write the dimensional formulae of (a) latent heat, (b) momentum
and (c) acceleration. 12. (a) Show that the path of a horizontally projected body is a
parabola. 6
2. State triangle law of vectors. Draw a diagram for it. (b) A bullet is fired at an angle of 45° with horizontal with a
velocity of 49 m/sec. Find the time of flight and horizontal
3. Derive an expression for maximum height for a body projected range. 4
vertically up.
13. (a) Derive the expression for acceleration of a body moving
4. Find the value of acceleration due to gravity at a place where the down the rough inclined plane with diagram. 5
length of the seconds pendulum is 0·9 m.
(b) Write any four advantages of friction. 5
5. Define (a) gas constant and (b) universal gas constant.
14. (a) Define work done, power and energy. Write their SI units. 6
6. Write any three characteristics of musical sound. (b) An engine is used to lift water from a well 50 m deep to fill a
tank of dimensions 5 m × 5 m × 10 m in 50 minute. Find
7. Define surface tension. Write any one example of it. the power of the engine. 4
/4051
* 1 [ Contd... /4051
* 2 [ Contd...
* expression for velocity and acceleration in simple

15. (a) Derive the
harmonic motion. 6
(b) A particle executing SHM with a period of 10 seconds and

amplitude 1·5 m. Calculate the maximum velocity. 4
16. (a) Prove C p - C v = R. 6
(b) The volume of a gas is 20 c.c. at 27 °C. Pressure remaining

constant. What is the temperature at which the volume of
the gas is 40 c.c.? 4
17. (a) Define echo. 2
(b) What is Doppler effect? Write any four applications of it. 6
(c) Write Sabine’s formula. 2
18. (a) State and explain Ohm’s law. 4
(b) Derive an expression for magnetic induction field strength (B )

at a point on the axial line of a bar magnet. 6
HHH
/4051
* 3 AA16—PDF
* *
7. Define capillarity and give two examples.
* 4042 *
C14–EE–103/C14–CHPP– 103 8. Define coefficient of viscosity and write its SI unit and dimensional
formula.
4042
9. Define magnetic lines of force and magnetic field.
10. Write any three applications of optical fibers.
MARCH/APRIL—2016
DEEE–FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION
ENGINEERING PHYSICS PART—B 10×5=50
Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80 Instructions : (1) Answer any five questions.
PART—A 3×10=30
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. for valuation is the content but not the length of the
answer.
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point and 11. (a) Define scalar product. Mention any five properties of scalar
shall not exceed five simple sentences. product. 2+5
(b) A force of (3i$ + 2 $j + 5k$ ) N acts on a body and produces a

1. Write the base and supplementary units of SI system along with
their symbols. displacement of (3i$ - 2 $j + k$ ) m. Calculate the work done. 3
2. Define scalars and vectors and give one example for each. 12. (a) Derive the expression for maximum height and time of
flight of a projectile in oblique projection. 6
3. A body is thrown up vertically with a velocity of 19·6 m/s. Find the (b) A stone is projected upwards from the top of a tower with a
maximum height reached by the body. velocity of 9·8 m/s. It reaches the ground in 4 seconds.
Find the height of the tower. 4
4. State the conditions of SHM.
13. (a) State any three laws of friction. 3
5. Write any three differences between specific gas constant and
universal gas constant. (b) Write any two advantages of friction. 2
(c) Derive the expression for acceleration of a body projected

6. Define beats and write any two applications of beats. up on a rough inclined plane with necessary diagram. 5
/4042
* 1 [ Contd... /4042
* 2 [ Contd...
*
14. (a) State work-energy theorem. 2
(b) Derive an equation for the kinetic energy of a body. 4
(b) A machine gun fires 360 bullets per minute and each bullet
travels with a velocity of 600 m/s. If the mass of each bullet
is 5 gram, find the power of the machine gun. 4
15. (a) Derive the expression for velocity and time period of a
particle executing SHM. 7
(b) The displacement of a particle executing SHM is given by

the equation y = 5 sin[2pt + p / 6]. Find in SI units—
(i) amplitude;
(ii) initial displacement;
(iii) epoch. 3
16. (a) Prove that C p - C v = R. 6
(b) State the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 4
17. (a) Define longitudinal wave motion. 2
(b) Define echo. Write any two applications of echo. 4
(c) Calculate the velocity of sound in air if an observer at a

distance of 425 m from a building hears an echo after 2·5 s. 4
18. (a) State Kirchhoff’s laws of electricity. 4
(b) Derive an expression for the balancing condition of

Wheatstone’s bridge with circuit diagram. 6
HHH
/4042
* 3 AA16—PDF
* *
5. In the gas equation PV = RT , what is R? Write ideal gas equation for
n moles.
* 4035 *
6. Write Sabine’s formula and name its factors of influence.

C14–EC–103/C14–CHPC–103/C14–PET– 103
7. Define surface tension and any two examples.
4035 8. Write Poiseuille’s expression for coefficient of viscosity of a liquid
and write the dimensional formula for coefficient of viscosity.
9. The resistance of a wire is 8 W, what is the resistance of the
MARCH/APRIL—2016
another wire of same material having same length but of double
DECE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION area of cross section?
ENGINEERING PHYSICS 10. What is an optical fiber? Name different types of optical fiber.
Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80

PART—B 10×5=50

PART—A 3×10=30
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. (3) Answers should be comprehensive and the criterion
(2) Each question carries three marks. for valuation is the content but not the length of the
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point and answer.
shall not exceed five simple sentences.
11. (a) Define vector product of two vectors. 2
1. Write any three limitations of dimensional analysis.
(b) Write the properties of vector product. 4
2. Define scalars and vectors. State whether the following are scalars (c) A force of 200 N is inclined at an angle 30° to the
or vectors : horizontal. Find the components in the vertical and
(a) Mass horizontal directions. 4
(b) Velocity 12. (a) Show that the path of the horizontal projectile is parabola. 4
3. Derive an expression for time of descent for a body in vertical (b) A football is projected into air with velocity 10 m/s and
motion. angle 30° with the earth surface. Find its maximum height,
time of ascent and range. Take g = 10 m / s2 . 6
4. The displacement of a particle in SHM formulated
æ pö
y = 6 sin ç4pt + ÷. Calculate its amplitude, angular velocity and 13. (a) Write any four methods to minimize friction. 4
è 3ø
time period. (b) Define static friction, kinetic friction and rolling friction. 6
/4035
* 1 [ Contd... /4035
* 2 [ Contd...
* law of conservation of energy. Write any two

14. (a) State the
examples of it. 4
(b) An engine lifts 4000 kg of water per minute from a wll 5 m

depth If 20% energy is wasted, then find the power of the
engine. 3
15. (a) Define the terms time period, frequency and amplitude. 3
(b) Derive the expression for period of oscillation of a simple

pendulum. 7
16. (a) Define the two molar specific heats of a gas. 3
(b) Prove that C p - C v = R. 7
17. (a) State six methods of controlling noise pollution. 6
(b) Define Doppler Effect and write its applications. 2+2=4
18. (a) Derive an expression for magnetic induction field strength

(b) Derive formula for the moment of couple acting on bar

magnet placed inside uniform magnetic field. 4
HHH
/4035
* 3 AA16—PDF
* * Write two applications of beats.

6. Define beats.
* 4016 *
C14–C–103/C14–CM– 103 7. Define surface tension and capillarity. Give one example for
each.
4016 8. Write the Poiseuille’s equation for coefficient of viscosity and

explain the terms involved.
MARCH/APRIL—2016 9. State and explain Coulomb’s inverse square law of magnetism.
DCE–FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION 10. Write any three applications of optical fibres.
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80 PART—B 10×5=50
PART—A 3×10=30 Instructions : (1) Answer any five questions.

for valuation is the content but not the length of the
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point and answer.
11. (a) State the parallelogram law of vector addition, derive the
1. Write the dimensional formulae for the following physical expression for magnitude and direction of resultant vector. 7
quantities : r r r r r r r r
(b) If A = i + 2 j + xk and B = 4 i + 2 j - 2k are perpendicular
(a) Force
vectors, find the value of x. 3
(b) Universal gravitational constant
(c) Coefficient of friction 12. (a) Show that in the case of body thrown up vertically, the time
r r r of ascent is equal to time of descent. 6
2. A force of (2 i + 3 j + 5k ) n acts on a particle having the position (b) An aeroplane flying horizontally with a speed of 360 kmph
r r r
vector (3 i + 12 j + 6k ) m . Find the torque. releases a bomb at a height of 490 m from the ground.
When and where will the bomb strike the ground? 4
3. Define projectile. Give two examples.
13. (a) Define friction and write any two advantages of friction. 3
4. Define SHM and give one example. (b) Explain any four methods to reduce the friction. 4
(c) A body is sliding down a rough inclined plane which makes
5. Write any three differences between gas constant and universal an angle 30º with the horizontal. Calculate the acceleration
gas constant. if coefficient of friction m = 0·1. 3
/4016
* 1 [ Contd... /4016
* 2 [ Contd...
* of conservation of energy and verify it in the case

14. (a) State law
of freely falling body. 7
(b) A force acts on a body of mass 2 kg increases its velocity

from 5 ms -1 to 10 ms -1. Find the work done by it. 3
15. (a) Derive the expression for velocity and acceleration of a

particle executing simple harmonic motion. 6
(b) The time period of a simple pendulum of length 50 cm is

1·41 second. Find the value of g at that place. 4
16. (a) Define ideal gas and write ideal gas equation in terms of
density. 2
(b) Explain why universal gas constant is same for all gases. 4
(c) A gas at a pressure of 10 N-m 5 -2

is allowed to expand
isothermally until its volume is doubled. Find its final
pressure. 4
17. (a) What is echo? Write two applications of echo. 3
(b) Write Sabine’s formula and explain the terms. 3
(c) Write any four effects of noise pollution. 4
18. (a) Define magnetic moment and magnetic induction field

strength. 4
(b) Derive the balancing condition for Wheatstone’s bridge. 6
HHH
/4016
* 3 AA16—PDF
* * a bar magnet experiences a force of 4 ´ 10 -4 N when

9. Each pole of
* 4051 * placed in a uniform magnetic field of induction 2 ´ 10 -5 N/A-m.
Calculate the pole strength of the bar magnet.
C14–M/CHOT/RAC– 103
10. Write any three laws of Photoelectric effect.
4051
OCT/NOV—2016 PART—B 10×5=50
DME–FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION Instructions : (1) Answer any five questions.

ENGINEERING PHYSICS
the answer.
PART—A 3×10=30
11. (a) Define scalar product. 2
(b) State and explain polygon law of addition of vectors. 4
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point (c) Find the resultant of forces 3 N and 4 N acting at right
and shall not exceed five simple sentences. angles to each other. 4
1. What are the applications of dimensional analysis? 12. (a) Show that the path of a projectile in oblique projection is
parabola. 6
2. Define scalars and vectors. Write two example for each. (b) A gun fires a bullet horizontally with a certain velocity from
an elevation of 9·8 m. If it hits the ground at a distance
3. Define time of flight and range of a projectile. 9·8 m from the foot of elevation, find the velocity of the
bullet at the beginning. 4
4. Write any three conditions of SHM.
13. (a) Write any four methods of reducing friction. 4
5. What is the relation between centigrade scale and Kelvin scale?
Find the boiling point of water on Kelvin scale. (b) Derive equation for acceleration of a body sliding down on a
rough inclined plane. 6
6. Define reverberation and reverberation time.
14. (a) State and prove law of conservation of energy in case of a
freely falling body. 2+5=7
7. Define surface tension. Write two examples.
(b) The potential energy acquired by a body when it is carried
8. Write about Newton’s formula for viscous force. to a height of 80 m is 7840 J. Find the mass of the body. 3
/4051
* 1 [ Contd... /4051
* 2 [ Contd...
15. (a) Derive *equation for time period of a simple pendulum. 8
(b) Define SHM with two examples. 2
16. (a) Derive ideal gas equation PV = nRT . 6
(b) State 1st law and 2nd law of thermodynamics. 4
17. (a) Write any six effects of noise pollution. 6
(b) Define Doppler effect. Write its two applications. 4
18. (a) Derive expression for balancing condition of Wheatstone

bridge. 6
(b) A balancing point in a metre bridge experiment is obtained

at 30 cm from the left. If the right gap contains 3·5 ohm,
what is the resistance in the left gap? 4
HHH
/4051
* 3 AA6(A)—PDF
* * Poiseuille’s formula of coefficient of viscosity.

8. Write about
* 4042 *
C14–EE–103/C14–CHPP– 103 9. Define specific resistance and write equation for it.
4042 10. Explain the working of optical fiber.

OCT/NOV—2016
DEEE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION PART—B 10×5=50
ENGINEERING PHYSICS Instructions : (1) Answer any five questions.

PART—A 3×10=30 answer.

11. (a) State parallelogram law of addition of vectors, and derive
equation for magnitude of resultant of two vectors. 6
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point and
shall not exceed five simple sentences. (b) Two vectors 2i$ + aj$ + k$ and 3i$ - $j - k$ are perpendicular to
each other. Calculate the value of a. 4
1. State the applications of dimensional analysis.
12. (a) Derive equations for (i) range and (ii) time of flight of
2. A force of 40 N is inclined at an angle of 60° to the vertical. Find its
projectile in oblique projection. 6
horizontal and vertical components of force.
(b) In oblique projections for what angle of projection, the
3. When a stone is dropped into a well, the splash of sound is heard
maximum height is equal to range? 4
after 3·91 s. If the depth of the well is 67·6 m, find the velocity of
sound.
13. (a) Define static friction, kinetic friction and rolling friction. 6
4. Write the laws of simple pendulum.
(b) Write any four laws of friction. 4
5. Calculate the value of universal gas constant, R.
14. (a) State and prove law of conservation of energy. 6
6. Write any three differences between musical sound and noise.
(b) A stone of mass 10 kg is allowed to fall freely from a height
7. Define stress, strain and Hooke’s law. of 10 m. Find the kinetic energy on reaching the ground. 4
/4042
* 1 [ Contd... /4042
* 2 [ Contd...
15. (a) Derive *equations for (i) velocity and (ii) acceleration of a
particle in SHM. 6
(b) The acceleration of a particle in SHM is 4 units, when its

displacement is 1 unit. Find its frequency of oscillation. 4
16. (a) Define specific heats of a gas at constant volume and at

constant pressure. 4
(b) Show that C p - C v = R. 6
17. (a) Define Doppler effect and write any three applications. 5
(b) Write any five methods of reducing noise pollution. 5
18. (a) Derive equation for magnetic induction field strength at a

point on the equitorial line of a bar magnet. 6
(b) Define magnetic field strength and magnetic moment. 4
HHH
/4042
* 3 AA6(A)—PDF
* * of contact and write the formula for surface tension

8. Define angle
based on capillarity.
* 4035 *
C14–EC–103/CHPC/PET– 103 9. Define magnetic induction field strength and write its SI unit.
10. Write any three applications of superconductivity.

4035
BOARD DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, (C–14) PART—B 10×5=50
OCT/NOV—2016 Instructions : (1) Answer any five questions.
DECE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION (2) Each question carries ten marks.
ENGINEERING PHYSICS for valuation is the content but not the length of the
answer.
11. (a) Define vector product. Mention any five properties of vector
PART—A 3×10=30 product. 2+5
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. r r r r
(b) Find the vector product of two vectors A = 2 i - 3 j + 4k and
(2) Each question carries three marks. r r r r
B = i - 6 j + 5k . 3
12. (a) Derive the expression for height of a tower when a body is
projected vertically upwards from the top of a tower. 6
1. Write three limitations of dimensional analysis.
(b) An aeroplane flying horizontally with a speed of 360 km/hr
2. A force of 50 N is acting on a body at an angle of 30° to the releases a bomb at a height of 490 m from the ground.
horizontal. Find its horizontal and vertical components. When and where will the bomb strike the ground? 4
13. (a) Obtain an expression for the displacement and time taken
3. Define projectile and give examples.
for a body to come to rest on rough horizontal surface. 6
4. State the laws of simple pendulum. (b) A body is sliding down a rough inclined plane which
makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Calculate the
5. Define absolute zero and write the relation between absolute acceleration if the coefficient of friction is 0·25. 4
temperature and centigrade temperature.
14. (a) Define work, power and energy, and write their SI units. 6
6. Write any three differences between musical sound and noise. (b) A man weighing 80 kg lifts a weight of 20 kg to the top of a
building of 30 m height in 131 seconds. Find the work done
7. Define stress and strain. State Hooke’s law. and the horsepower. 4
/4035
* 1 [ Contd... /4035
* 2 [ Contd...
15. (a) Derive *the formula for time period in case of simple
pendulum. 7
(b) The acceleration of a particle executing SHM is 0·09 m/s2

at a displacement of 0·25 m from the mean position. Find
the time period. 3
16. (a) State gas laws. 3
(b) Derive the ideal gas equation. 5
(c) Why is universal gas constant same for all gases? 2
17. (a) Define Doppler effect. 2
(b) Write any four applications of Doppler effect. 4
(c) State the conditions of good auditorium. 4
18. (a) State Ohm’s law and define specific resistance. 4
(b) Describe meter bridge with a legible sketch. 6
HHH
/4035
* 3 AA6(A)—PDF
* *
8. Write Poiseuille’s formula for coefficient of viscosity and name the
* 4016 *
terms involved in it.
C14–C/CM– 103
9. State Coulomb’s inverse square law of magnetism. Write the
4016 equation for it.
BOARD DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, (C–14) 10. Write any three applications of superconductors.
OCT/NOV—2016
DCE–FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION
PART—B 10×5=50
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80 (2) Each question carries ten marks.
PART—A 3×10=30 for valuation is the content but not the length of the
answer.
(2) Each question carries three marks. 11. (a) Define dot product. 2
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point and (b) Write any four properties of dot product. 4
shall not exceed five simple sentences. r r r r
(c) Find the work done by a force F = 3 i + 5 j + k which
r r r
1. Define dimensional formula of a physical quantity. Write the
r
produces a displacement of S = 2 i + j + 4k . 4
dimensional formula of force.
2. Define scalar and vector quantities and give two examples of each. 12. (a) Define acceleration due to gravity. 1
(b) Derive an equation for the height of a tower, when a body is
3. Derive an expression for maximum height reached by a vertically projected vertically upwards from the top of the tower. 5
projected body.
(c) A body is thrown up vertically with a velocity of 9·8 m/s
4. Define the terms amplitude, frequency and time period of a particle from the top of a tower and reaches the ground in
executing simple harmonic motion. 4 seconds. Find the height of the tower. 4
5. Define isothermal process and adiabatic process. 13. (a) Define static, kinetic and rolling friction. 3
(b) State laws of friction. 3
6. Mention any three conditions for a good auditorium.
(c) Derive expression for acceleration of a body on a rough
7. Define angle of contact and capillarity. horizontal surface. 4
/4016
* 1 [ Contd... /4016
* 2 [ Contd...
*
14. (a) Write relation between kinetic energy and momentum. 1
(b) Derive the expression for kinetic energy of a body of mass m

moving with a velocity v. 5
(c) A gun fires 200 bullets per minute. If the mass of each
bullet is 3 gm and velocity is 500 m/s, find the power of the
gun. 4
15. (a) Derive an expression for the time period of oscillations of a

simple pendulum. 6
(b) A simple pendulum of length 0·5625 m has a period of

1·5 seconds. Find the length of the seconds pendulum. 4
16. (a) Show that C p - C v = R. 6
(b) A gas at 13 °C has its temperature raised so that its volume

is doubled, the pressure remaining constant. Calculate the
final temperature. 4
17. (a) Write any two causes and four effects of noise pollution. 6
(b) Write any four differences between musical sound and

noise. 4
18. (a) State Kirchhoff’s first and second laws. 4
(b) Apply Kirchhoff’s laws to Wheatstone bridge and obtain the

formula for balancing condition. 6
HHH
/4016
* 3 AA6(A)—PDF
* *
8. Define coefficient of viscosity. Mention its SI unit.
* 4051 *
9. State Kirchhoff’s current law and write its mathematical form.
C14–M/CHOT/RAC– 103
10. Define superconductor. Mention two applications.
4051
PART—B 10×5=50
MARCH/APRIL—2017
DME—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION (3) Assume required data.
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
11. (a) State parallelogram law of vectors. Derive the expression for
Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80 the magnitude of the resultant vector. 6
(b) Two equal forces 100 N each are acting at right angles. Find
PART—A 3×10=30 their resultant. 4

12. (a) Show that the path of a projectile is a parabola in oblique
(2) Each question carries three marks. projection. 6
(3) Assume required data.
(b) A warplane flying with a velocity of 100 m/s releases a
bomb from a height of 490 m. Find when and where the
1. Write base quantities and their units in SI system. bomb will strike the ground (g = 9 × 8 m/s2 ). 4
r r r r r r r r r r
2. If A = 4 i + 3 j + 6k and B = i + 3 j + 2k , find A. B . 13. (a) State the laws of limiting friction. 4
(b) Derive the expression for the acceleration of a body sliding

3. Write the equations of motion for a freely falling body. down a rough inclined plane with neat diagram. 6
14. (a) Define work, power and energy. 3

4. Define amplitude, time period and frequency in SHM.
(b) Derive PE = mgh. 3
5. Write three differences between isothermal and adiabatic (c) A person carries a rice bag of 100 kg to a height of 18 m in
changes. 5 minutes. Calculate the work done and power developed. 4
6. Define Doppler effect. Mention two examples. 15. (a) State four conditions of SHM. 4
(b) Derive the expressions for velocity and acceleration of a

7. Define stress and strain. particle in SHM. 6
/4051
* 1 [ Contd... /4051
* 2 [ Contd...
16. (a) Derive *ideal gas equation PV = RT. 6
(b) Calculate the value of universal gas constant at NTP. 4
17. (a) Define noise pollution. State four methods of control of

noise pollution. 5
(b) State three conditions of a good auditorium. 3
(c) State two applications of beats. 2
18. (a) State Coulomb’s law of magnetism and write its

mathematical form. 3
(b) Draw Wheatstone bridge circuit and derive the formula for
its balanced condition. 7
HHH
/4051
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* *
7. Define elasticity. Name any two elastic substance.
* 4042 *
C14–EE/CHPP– 103 8. Write the Newton’s formula for a viscous force and name the
symbols in the equation.
4042
9. Define specific resistance and write its SI unit.
MARCH/APRIL—2017
10. Write any three applications of optical fiber.
DEEE–FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
PART—B 10×5=50

PART—A 3×10=30
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. (3) Answers should be comprehensive and the criterion
(2) Each question carries three marks. for valuation is the content but not the length of the
answer.
11. (a) Define vector product and write any four properties of
1. Write the dimensional formulae of (a) work done, (b) momentum vector product. 6
and (c) specific heat.
r r r r (b) A force of 200 N is acting on a body at an angle of 60° to the
2. Find the dot product of two vectors A = 2 i + 3 j + 4k and horizontal. Find the horizontal and vertical components of
r r r force. 4
B = i - 2 j + k.
3. If a body is thrown up with a velocity of 100 m/sec, find the time of 12. (a) Define projectile, give three examples. 5
ascent and time of descent (g = 10 m/s2 ).
(b) A stone is projected vertically upwards from the top of a
tower with a velocity of 4·9 ms -1. If it reaches the ground
4. Calculate the length of a seconds pendulum at the equator where
after 5 seconds, find the height of the tower. 5
the value of g is 9·78 ms - 2 .
5. Why C p > C v ? Answer briefly. 13. (a) Write the advantages of friction. 5
6. Write three applications of beats. (b) Define and derive the angle of friction, tan q = m s . 5
/4042
* 1 [ Contd... /4042
* 2 [ Contd...
14. (a) Define *potential energy. Give two examples. 4
(b) If F is the force and S is the displacement then find the

work done when q = 0° , q = 90° and q = 180°. 6
15. (a) Show that the motion of the projection of a point in circular
motion is simple harmonic in nature.
(b) The displacement of a particle in SHM is given by

y = 6 sin (2pt + p / 3) m. Find—
(i) amplitude;
(ii) initial phase;
(iii) angular velocity;
(iv) initial displacement.
16. (a) Define absolute zero temperature. 2
(b) Calculate the value of universal gas constant and write its
units and dimensional formulae. 4
(c) State the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 4
17. Define noise pollution. Write the (a) 3 causes of noise pollution,
(b) 3 effects of noise pollution and (c) 4 methods to reduce noise
pollution. 10
18. (a) Derive an expression for balancing of Wheatstone Bridge by

using Kirchhoff’s laws and show P/Q = R/S. 6
(b) Derive the equation for moment of couple on a bar magnet

placed in a uniform magnetic field. 4
HHH
/4042
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* *
5. Define absolute zero and absolute scale of temperature.
* 4035 *
6. Define echoes and write two applications.
C14–EC/CHPC/PET– 103
7. Define capillarity and write two applications.
4035
8. What is the effect of temperature on surface tension of a liquid
BOARD DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, (C–14) viscosity of liquids and gases?
MARCH/APRIL—2017 9. Explain Coulomb’s inverse square law of magnetism.

DECE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION
10. Write any three applications of superconductor.
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80 PART—B 10×5=50
PART—A 3×10=30 (2) Each question carries ten marks.

Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. for valuation is the content but not the length of the
(2) Each question carries three marks. answer.
(3) Answer should be brief and straight to the point and

shall not exceed five simple sentences. 11. (a) Write any three properties of (i) scalar product and
(ii) vector product. 6
r r r
1. Write any three limitations of dimensional analysis. (b) Find the unit vector in the direction of 3 i + 6 j - 2k . 4
12. (a) Derive equations for (i) maximum height and (ii) time of
2. State and explain the triangle law of vectors. ascent in case of oblique projection. 6
(b) A stone is thrown up vertically with a velocity of 98 m/s.

3. Define projectile and give two examples. Find the total distant travelled before it reaches the ground. 4
13. (a) Define angle of friction and angle of repose. 4

4. A body is executing SHM with an acceleration of 0·4 m/s 2 at a
displacement of 0·6 m. Find its acceleration at a displacement of (b) Derive an equation for acceleration of a body sliding down a
0·4 m. rough horizontal surface with a neat diagram. 6
/4035
* 1 [ Contd... /4035
* 2 [ Contd...
*
14. (a) Derive KE =
1
mv 2 .
2 6
(b) The mass of a body is reduced to half and the velocity is

doubled. What is the kinetic energy of the body? 4
15. (a) Show that the path followed by the tip of projection of a
body in circular path along the diameter of the circle is
SHM. 6
(b) The length of a simple pendulum is 50 cm. Find the time

period and frequency of oscillation. 4
16. (a) Explain isothermal process and adiabatic process. 6
(b) A cylinder contains 90·3 cc of a gas at 17 °C and 735 mm

of Hg pressure. Find its volume at NTP. 4
17. (a) Define ‘beats’ and write any three applications. 5
(b) Write any five conditions of good auditorium. 5
18. (a) Derive an equation for magnetic induction field strength at

a point on the axial line of a bar magnet. 6
(b) State Kirchhoff’s 1st law and 2nd law. 4
HHH
/4035
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* * tension and give two examples.

8. Define surface
* 4016 *
C14–C/CM– 103 9. Define specific resistance and state its SI units.
4016 10. Define photoelectric effect. Write two applications of photoelectric

cell.
MARCH/APRIL—2017
DCE–FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION PART—B 10×5=50

Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80 (3) Answers should be comprehensive and the criterion
PART—A 3×10=30 answer.
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. 11. (a) State parallelogram law of vectors. Derive the equation for
(2) Each question carries three marks. magnitude of the resultant. 2+4=6
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point and (b) Find the dot product and cross-product of two vectors
r r r r r r
shall not exceed five simple sentences. A = 2 i + 3 j + 4k and B = 4 i - 2 j + 3k 2+2=4
1. Write the advantages of the SI units.

12. (a) Derive expression for the maximum height range of a
r r r projectile in oblique projection. 3+3=6
2. Find the unit vector in the direction of 2 i - 3 j + 4k .
(b) A bullet is projected with a velocity of 196 m/s at an angle
of 30° to the horizontal. Find the greatest height attained
3. A ball is thrown at an angle of 30° to the horizontal with an initial and its time of flight. 2+2=4
velocity of 20 m/s. Find its maximum height reached.
13. (a) State the laws of static friction. 3
4. Define seconds pendulum. Determine the length of seconds
(b) Derive the expression for acceleration of a body sliding
pendulum on the surface of earth, where value of g is 10 m/s 2 .
down on a rough inclined plane. 7
5. State Boyle’s law and write it in terms of density.
14. (a) Define potential energy and give two examples. 3
6. Define Sabine’s formula. Write the equation for it. (b) Derive expression for kinetic energy. 4
(c) A bullet of mass 10 grams is fired with a velocity 300 m/s.
7. Define stress and strain. Find its kinetic energy. 3
/4016
* 1 [ Contd... /4016
* 2 [ Contd...
15. (a) Define *SHM and give two examples. 3

(b) Define the terms amplitude time period, phase of a particle
in SHM. 3
(c) Derive expression for (i) displacement and (ii) velocity of a
body in SHM. 4
16. (a) State gas laws. Derive the ideal gas equation PV = RT . 7
(b) The volume of a gas at 30 °C is 200 cc. What is the volume
of the gas if the temperature of the gas is raised to 100 °C
at constant pressure? 3
17. (a) Explain the effects of noise pollution. 5

(b) Explain the methods of reducing of noise pollution. 5
18. (a) Derive the condition for balancing point in Wheatstone

bridge. 6
(b) State Coulomb’s inverse square law of magnetism. Write
the equation for couple acting on a bar magnet placed in a
uniform magnetic field. Explain the terms. 2+2=4
HHH
/4016
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* 5. Define two*molar specific heats of a gas.

* 6053 *
6. Define echo and give two applications.
C16–M/CHOT/RAC– 103 7. Define Hooke’s law and angle of contact.
8. Write Newton’s formula for viscous force. Name the symbols.

6053
9. Define specific resistance and conductance.
10. Write any three applications of photoelectric effect.
MARCH/APRIL—2017
DME—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION
ENGINEERING PHYSICS PART—B 10×5=50

Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80 Instructions : (1) Answer any five questions.
PART—A 3×10=30 (3) Answers should be comprehensive and the criterion
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. for valuation is the content but not the length of
the answer.
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point and 11. (a) Define vector product and write properties of vector
shall not exceed five simple sentences. product. 6
(b) Two vectors A = 3i + aj + 3k and B = 3i - j - k are
1. Write the dimensional formulae for the following physical
perpendicular to each other. Calculate the value of
quantities :
constant a. 4
(a) Force
12. (a) Show that the path is parabola in the case of body
(b) Power projected horizontally from the top of a tower. 6
(c) Stress (b) An object is thrown vertically up with initial velocity
39·2 m/s. 4
2. State triangle law of vectors.
13. (a) Explain methods of reducing friction. 4
3. A stone is dropped from a balloon ascending with uniform vertical
velocity of 23·2 m/s and reaches the ground in 10 s. Find the (b) Derive expression for acceleration of a body, sliding down
height of the balloon when the stone reaches the ground. Take the on smooth inclined plane. 6
value of g as 9·8 m/s2 . 14. (a) State the law of conservation of energy and prove it in the
case of a freely falling body. 7
4. A particle is performing SHM with an amplitude of 0·5 m and has
an angular velocity 1000 rad/s. Find its velocity at a distance (b) If the mass of a body is reduced to half and velocity is
0·3 m from the mean position. doubled, how does its KE change? 3
/6053
* 1 [ Contd... /6053
* 2 [ Contd...
15. (a) Define *second’s pendulum. 2

(b) Derive expression for displacement of a body in SHM. 5
(c) Calculate the length of the second’s pendulum at a place
where the value of g is 9·8 m/s2 . 3
16. (a) State any five differences between isothermal process and
adiabatic process. 5
(b) Define absolute zero temperature. 2
(c) One litre of air is heated from 27 °C to 177 °C at constant
pressure. Find the increase in volume of the gas. 3
17. (a) Write any six causes for noise pollution. 6

(b) Define beats and write two applications of beats. 4
18. (a) Explain ‘Wheatstone bridge’ and derive expression while

bridge is balanced. 6
(b) State Coulomb inverse square law of magnetism. 4
HHH
/6053
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* * PART—B 10×5=50
* 6036 *
C16–EE/CHPP– 103
6036 (3) Answers should be comprehensive and the criterion
for valuation is the content but not the length of
BOARD DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, (C–16) the answer.
MARCH/APRIL—2017 11. (a) State parallelogram law of addition of vectors and derive the
expression for the magnitude and direction of resultant
DEEE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION vector. 7
ENGINEERING PHYSICS (b) A force of 2i + 10 j - 6k N produces displacement

8i + 2 j + k m. Find the work done. 3
12. (a) Show the path of the projectile is parabola in the case of
oblique projection. 6
PART—A 3×10=30 (b) A body is projected at an angle of 30° with horizontal with a
velocity of 19·6 m/s. Calculate (i) maximum height (ii) time
of flight. 4
13. (a) State the laws of friction. 4
and shall not exceed five simple sentences. (b) Derive the expression for acceleration of a body, sliding up
on rough inclined plane. 6
1. State the limitations of dimensional analysis.
14. (a) Define kinetic energy. 2
2. Define dot product. Give one example.
(b) Derive an expression for the KE. 5
3. A stone is thrown vertically up with an initial velocity of
(c) A body of mass 20 kg is lifted to the height 3 m from the
14 m/s. Find its maximum height.
ground. Find the work done. 3
4. Define SHM and give two examples. 15. (a) Derive an expression for the time period of simple
5. State any three differences between r and R. pendulum. 7
(b) Calculate (i) amplitude, (ii) angular velocity, (iii) time period
6. Define reverberation and reverberation time.
of a particle in SHM whose displacement is
7. Define capillarity and angle of contact. y = 5 sin (10t + 60° ). All values are in SI unit. 3
8. Define viscosity and give two examples of viscosity. 16. (a) Show that C p - C v = R. 6
9. Define magnetic field and magnetic induction field strength. (b) The pressure of gas at temperature 27 °C is 70 mm of Hg.
Find its pressure at temperature 227 °C, if it is heated at
10. Write any three properties of superconductors. constant volume. 4
/6036
* 1 [ Contd... /6036
* 2 [ Contd...
* six methods of controlling noise pollution.

17. (a) Write the 6
(b) Write four applications of Doppler effect. 4
(b) Derive an expression for magnetic induction filed strength
at a point on the equatorial line of a bar magnet. 6
HHH
/6036
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* * and strain. Write their SI units.

7. Define stress
* 6029 *
8. Define surface tension. Write its SI unit.
9. State Ohm’s law. Draw a neat sketch of Wheatstone’s bridge
6029 indicating the directions of current flowing in different parts of
the circuit.
10. State the laws of photoelectric effect.
MARCH/APRIL—2017
PART—B 10×5=50
Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80 (2) Each question carries ten marks.
PART—A 3×10=30 the answer.
11. (a) Define dot product of two vectors. Express work done by a
(2) Each question carries three marks. force as dot product. 2+2
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point (b) Two forces 30 N and 40 N act at a point simultaneously at
and shall not exceed five simple sentences. right angles to each other. Find the magnitude and
direction of the resultant. 6
1. Write three advantages of SI units.
12. (a) Derive an expression for the height of a tower when a body
is projected vertically upwards from the top of the tower
2. A force is acting on a body making an angle 60° to the
with a velocity u and reaches the foot of the tower in a
horizontal. The value of vertical component is 150 N. Find the
time t. 5
actual force and horizontal component of force.
(b) A stone is thrown vertically up with a velocity of 19·6 m/s
3. Define time of flight and range of a projectile. from the top of a building. If it reaches the ground in 6
seconds, find the height of the building. 5
4. State three conditions of simple harmonic motion.
13. (a) Define normal reaction. 2
5. State Charles’ 1st law and 2nd law. What is the boiling point of (b) State the laws of friction. 4
water on Kelvin scale? (c) What is the work done in dragging a body of mass 200 kg
through a distance of 80 m on a level road, if the coefficient
6. List three applications of Doppler effect. of friction is 0·25? 4
/6029
* 1 [ Contd... /6029
* 2 [ Contd...
* law of conservation of energy in case of a freely-

14. (a) Verify the
falling body. 6
(b) A body of mass 100 kg is allowed to fall from a height of

50 m from the ground. Calculate its potential and kinetic
energy at a height of 30 m from the ground. 4
15. (a) State the laws of simple pendulum. 3
(b) Derive the expression for the time period of oscillations of a

simple pendulum with necessary diagram. 7
16. (a) State Boyle’s law. 2
(b) Write four differences between isothermal and adiabatic

processes. 4
(c) A cylinder contains 90·3 cc of gas at 17 °C and 735 mm

pressure. Find its volume at NTP. 4
17. (a) Write any four methods to control noise pollution. 4
(b) State the conditions of a good auditorium. 4
(c) A boy hears an echo of his own voice from a distant hill
after 2 seconds. If the velocity of sound is 340 m/s, what is
the distance of the hill from the boy? 2
18. (a) Define magnetic moment and magnetic induction field

strength. 4
(b) Derive the expression for moment of couple on a bar

magnet placed in a uniform magnetic field. 6
HHH
/6029
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* 6. Write three* differences between musical sound and noise.

* 6018 *
7. Define stress and strain. State Hooke’s law.
C16–C/CM– 103
8. Obtain Newton’s formula for viscous force.
6018 9. State and explain Coulomb’s inverse square law of magnetism.
BOARD DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, (C–16) 10. List three applications of optical fiber.
MARCH/APRIL—2017
PART—B 10×5=50
DCE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION
ENGINEERING PHYSICS (2) Each question carries ten marks.
the answer.
PART—A 3×10=30
11. (a) Derive the expression for magnitude of resultant of two
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. vectors using parallelogram law of vectors. 6
(b) A force of 150 N acts on a particle at an angle of 30° to the
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point horizontal. Find the horizontal and vertical components of
and shall not exceed five simple sentences. force. 4
1. Write the dimensional formulae of the following : 12. (a) Show that path of a projectile is a parabola in case of
oblique projection. 6
(a) Velocity
(b) A stone is projected with a velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of
(b) Force 30° to horizontal. After 1·5 seconds, find its horizontal
distance and vertical height from its starting point. 4
(c) Frequency
13. (a) State any five advantages of friction. 5
2. Write three properties of scalar product.
(b) A body is sliding down a rough inclined plane which makes
3. Define projectile. Give two examples. an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Calculate the
acceleration if the coefficient of friction is 0·25. 5
4. The simple harmonic motion of a body is given by the equation
æ pö 14. (a) Derive the expression for kinetic energy. 5
y = 4 sin ç100t + ÷. Find (a) angular velocity, (b) time period and
è 4ø
(c) initial displacement. (b) A machine gun fires 240 bullets per minute with a velocity
of 500 m/s. If the mass of each bullet is 3 gm, find the
5. State first and second laws of thermodynamics. power of the machine gun. 5
/6018
* 1 [ Contd... /6018
* 2 [ Contd...
15. (a) Define *simple harmonic motion. Give three examples. 5
(b) Derive an expression for velocity of a particle performing

simple harmonic motion. Draw necessary diagram. 5
16. (a) Define the two molar specific heats of a gas. 4
(b) Derive the ideal gas equation. 6
17. (a) Define noise pollution. 2
(b) Write any four effects of noise pollution. 4
(c) State four applications of beats. 4
18. (a) Derive an expression for balancing condition of

Wheatstone’s bridge with neat circuit diagram. 6
(b) The values of resistance of P, Q, R are 50 ohms, 10 ohms,

15 ohms respectively in the balanced condition of the
bridge. Find the unknown resistance S. 4
HHH
/6018
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* * tension and give one example.

7. Define surface
* 6053 *
8. Define stress. Write its SI unit and dimensional formula.
C16–M–103/C16–CHOT–103/C16–RAC– 103
9. Calculate the potential difference to be applied across a conductor
6053 of resistance 20 W so that a current of 2 A may flow through it.
BOARD DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, (C–16) 10. Write three applications of photoelectric effect.
OCT/NOV—2017
PART—B 10×5=50
DME—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
answer.
PART—A 3×10=30
11. (a) State parallelogram law of vectors and derive expressions
for magnitude and direction of the resultant vector. 7
(2) Each question carries three marks. r r r
(b) Find the magnitude of the vector 2 i + 3 j - 4k . 3
12. (a) Derive expressions for maximum height and time of flight of
1. State the limitations of dimensional analysis. a body projected vertically upwards. 6
(b) A stone is thrown vertically upwards from the ground with

2. Define scalars and vectors. Write one example for each.
a velocity of 9 × 8 ms -1. Find the maximum height reached
and time of ascent. 4
3. Define acceleration due to gravity. Write its SI unit and
dimensional formula.
13. (a) Derive expressions for acceleration and time taken to come
to rest for a body moving over a rough horizontal surface. 6
4. Calculate the length of seconds pendulum at a place where
g = 9 × 8 m / s2 . (b) Explain two methods of reducing friction. 4
5. Write three differences between universal gas constant (R) and 14. (a) State and prove the work-energy theorem. 6
specific gas constant (r ).
(b) A car of mass 1000 kg moving with a velocity of 10 ms -1 is
6. Write any three applications of echoes. accelerated to 70 ms -1. Find the work done. 4
/6053
* 1 [ Contd... /6053
* 2 [ Contd...
* four conditions of SHM.

15. (a) State any 4
(b) Derive expressions for velocity and acceleration of a particle

performing SHM. 6
16. (a) Derive the ideal gas equation PV = RT . 7
(b) One litre of gas is heated from 27 °C to 127 °C at constant

pressure. Find its final volume. 3
17. (a) Define noise pollution and write five effects of noise
pollution. 1+5=6
(b) A boy hears an echo of his own voice from a distant hill
after 2 seconds. Find the distance of the hill if the velocity
of sound is 345 ms -1. 4
18. (a) Derive expression for couple acting on a bar magnet in

uniform magnetic field. 7
(b) A bar magnet of pole strength 40 A-m has a length 20 cm.

Find the magnetic moment. 3
HHH
/6053
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* * laws.
5. State the gas
* 6036 *
C16–EE–103/C16–CHPP– 103 6. Write Sabine’s formula and name the symbols in it.
6036 7. Define surface tension. Give one example.
BOARD DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, (C–16) 8. A load having mass 10 kg is suspended by a metal wire of
certain length having a cross-sectional area 4 mm2 . Find the
OCT/NOV—2017 stress.
DEEE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION
9. State Ohm’s law. Write the SI units of specific resistance.
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
10. Write any three applications of photoelectric effect.
PART—B 10×5=50
PART—A 3×10=30
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point for valuation is the content but not the length of
and shall not exceed five simple sentences. the answer.
1. Define fundamental quantities and derived quantities. Give two 11. (a) State parallelogram law of vector addition. 1
examples each.
(b) Derive the expression for the magnitude of the resultant
vector. 5
2. Define scalar and vector quantities. Give two examples each.
(c) Two vectors have magnitudes 3 unit and 4 unit
respectively. What should be the angle between them if the
3. Define projectile. At which point on its path a projectile has the
magnitude of the resultant is 7 unit?
lowest speed? 4
4. The displacement of a particle performing SHM is 12. (a) Define acceleration due to gravity. 1
p
y = 4 sin(4pt + ) where y is metre. Find— (b) Show that the path of a horizontally projected body is a
6
parabola. 5
(a) amplitude
(c) A ball is thrown from a field with a speed of 20 m/s at an
(b) initial phase angle of 45° with the horizontal. At what distance will it hit
(c) time period the field again? Take g = 10 m / s2 . 4
/6036
* 1 [ Contd... /6036
* 2 [ Contd...
13. (a) Define *friction. 1

(b) Derive the expression for acceleration of a body moving
down a rough inclined plane making an angle q with the
horizontal. Let m be the coefficient of friction. 5
(c) In a children-park an inclined plane is constructed with an
angle of incline 45°. Find the acceleration of a boy sliding
on it if the coefficient of friction between the cloth of the boy
and the incline is 0·6 and g = 10 m / s2 . 4
14. (a) Define work, power and energy. 3

(b) State the law of conservation of energy. 1
(c) Prove the law of conservation of energy in the case of freely
falling body. 6
15. (a) Derive the expression for displacement and velocity of a

particle executing SHM. 3+3
(b) Calculate the length of the seconds pendulum at a place
where the value of g is 9·8 ms -2 . 4
16. (a) Define isothermal process and adiabatic process. 2

(b) Derive the gas equation PV = RT . 5
3
(c) The volume of certain mass of air at 17 °C is 500 cm . Find
its volume at 162 °C if the pressure is kept constant. 3
17. (a) Define noise pollution and write any four effects of it. 1+4
(b) State any five methods of controlling of noise pollution. 5
18. (a) Define conductance and write its SI unit. 2

(b) Derive the expression for couple acting on a bar magnet
placed in a uniform magnetic field. 5
(c) Two magnetic poles each of strength 40 Am are separated
in air by a distance of 0·2 m. Find the fore between them
(m 0 = 4p ´ 10 -7 H / m). 3
HHH
/6036
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* * tension and give one example.

8. Define surface
* 6029 *
C16–EC–103/C16–CHPC-103/C16–PET– 103 9. State Coulomb’s inverse square law in the case of magnetism and
write the equation for the law.
6029
10. Write any three applications of optical fiber.
OCT/NOV—2017
PART—B 10×5=50
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
the answer.
PART—A 3×10=30
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. 11. (a) Define parallelogram law of vectors. Obtain an expression
(2) Each question carries three marks. for the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector. 2+5
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point (b) The magnitude of resultant of two equal forces is 1000 N.
and shall not exceed five simple sentences. Find the magnitude of each force if they are perpendicular. 3
1. State the limitations of dimensional analysis.

12. (a) Define projectile and give one example. 2
2. Define scalar and vector quantities and give one example for each. (b) Derive equations for the maximum height and range of an
object projected at a certain angle with the horizontal. 5
3. Derive the expression for range of projectile.
(c) A ball is projected into air by making an angle 45° to the
4. The equation of a particle executing SHM is given by horizontal with a velocity of 9·8 m/s. Find the range. Take
æ pö the g value as 9·8 m/s 2 .
y = 10 sin ç4pt + ÷, where the quantities are in SI units. Find 3
è 3ø
(a) amplitude, (b) angular velocity and (c) phase at time t = 0.
13. (a) State the laws of friction. 3
5. State Boyle’s law and express its relation in terms of density. (b) Derive the expression for an acceleration of a body sliding
down on a smooth inclined plant. 4
6. State any three conditions for good auditorium.
(c) Show that the coefficient of friction m = Tan q, where q is the
7. State Hooke’s law, define stress, strain. angle of friction. 3
/6029
* 1 [ Contd... /6029
* 2 [ Contd...
14. (a) Define *the terms work, power and energy and state their
units and dimensional formulae. 6
(b) If a force of (2i$ + 3 $j + 4k$ ) N is applied on a body, the velocity
attained is (i$ + $j + k$ ) m/s. Find the power. 4
15. Derive expressions for (a) displacement, (b) velocity and
(c) acceleration for a body in SHM. 4+3+3
16. (a) Derive C p - C v = R. 6
(b) Calculate the value of universal gas constant for one
gram-mole gas at STP. 4
17. (a) What are beats? Mention three applications of beats. 5
(b) What is noise pollution? Write any three effects caused by
noise pollution. 5
18. (a) State and explain Kirchhoff’s laws with neat sketch. 4
(b) Explain Wheatstone’s bridge and derive the condition for
obtaining balance in the Wheatstone’s bridge. 6
HHH
/6029
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* *
7. Write the Poiseulle’s equation for the coefficient of viscosity and
* 6018 *
name the symbols involved.
C16–C/CM– 103 8. Define the terms ‘stress’ and ‘strain’.
6018 9. State Kirchhoff’s laws.
10. Write three properties of superconductors.

OCT/NOV—2017
DCE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION PART—B 10×5=50

PART—A 3×10=30 the answer.
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. 11. (a) Define dot product. 2
(b) Mention any four properties of dot product. 4
and shall not exceed five simple sentences. (c) Find the area of parallelogram formed by two vectors
P = i$ + 2 $j + 3k$ and Q = i$ + $j + k$ as two adjacent sides. 4
1. Write the dimensional formulae of the following :
12. (a) Define projectile and give one example. 2
(a) Universal gas constant
(b) Force (b) Show that the path of a projectile is a parabola in the case
of oblique projection. 5
(c) Stress
(c) The range of projectile is equal to maximum height
2. State triangular law of vectors and explain. reached, find the angle of projection. 3
3. A body is falling freely from a height of 78·4 m. Find the velocity of 13. (a) Explain any three methods of reducing friction. 3
the body on reaching the ground. The value of g is 9·8 m / s2 .
(b) Derive the expression for the acceleration of a body slides
4. State the conditions of simple harmonic motion. down on a rough (with friction) inclined plane. 4
5. Write any three differences between isothermal process and (c) Find the force of friction on a body of mass 100 kg when it
adiabatic process. is just start sliding on horizontal surface if m = 0 × 5. The
6. Write any three applications of Doppler effect. value of g is 9 × 8 m / s2 . 3
/6018
* 1 [ Contd... /6018
* 2 [ Contd...
* law of conservation of energy and prove it in the

14. (a) State the
case of freely falling body. 6
(b) An engine is used to lift water from a well 60 m deep to fill a

tank of dimensions 5 m ´ 5 m ´10 m in 40 minutes. Find the
power of the engine if 30% energy is wasted. Take g as
9 × 8 m / s2 . 4
15. (a) Derive the equation for time period of a simple pendulum. 6
(b) The displacement of a particle executing SHM is given by

p
x = 4 cos æç0 × 2 p t + ö÷ All values are in S.I units.
è 4ø
Find (i) amplitude (ii) angular velocity, (iii) maximum
velocity and (iv) epoch. 4
16. (a) What are the gas laws. Explain. 6
(b) 15000 J of heat is given to a gas when its volume increased

by 0·025 m 3 at a constant pressure 5 ´ 10 5 Pa. Calculate
increase in the internal energy of the gas. 4
17. (a) Write any three differences between musical sound and
noise. 3
(b) Write any three effects of noise pollution and write any four
measures to be taken to minimise the noise pollution. 7
18. (a) Derive an expression for magnetic induction field strength

(b) In the meter bridge experiment, if the resistance in the left

and right gaps is in the ratio 3 : 4, find where the balancing
point is obtained. 4
HHH
/6018
* 3 AA7(A)—PDF
* * PART—B 10×5=50
* 6053 *
C16–M/CHOT/RAC– 103 (2) Each question carries ten marks.
6053 for valuation is the content but not the length of
the answer.
11. (a) Define dot product and write three properties of dot
MARCH/APRIL—2018 product. 1+5
DME—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION (b) Find the area of the parallelogram formed by the vectors
r r r r r r r r
ENGINEERING PHYSICS A = 2 i + j - 2k and B = 2 i - 3 j + 2k as adjacent sides. 4
Time : 3 hours ] [ Total Marks : 80 12. (a) Show that the path of projectile is a parabola in horizontal
projection. 6
PART—A 3×10=30
(b) an aeroplane flying horizontally with a speed of 270 kmph
Instructions : (1) Answer all questions. releases a body at a height of 490 m from ground. Find
(2) Each question carries three marks. when and where the body strikes the ground. 4
13. (a) Derive the expression for acceleration of a body sliding
down on a rough inclined plane. 6
1. Write any three advantages of SI units.
(b) A body is sliding down on a rough inclined plane which
2. A force of 200 N is inclined at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. Find makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Calculate the
the components in the horizontal and vertical directions. acceleration, if m = 0 × 1. 4
3. Derive the expression for time of ascent in vertical projection. 14. (a) Define potential energy and kinetic energy and give two
4. Define SHM and give two examples. examples for each. 4
5. State the gas laws. (b) Derive an expression for kinetic energy. 6
6. Write any three applications of Doppler effect. 15. (a) Derive the expression for time period of oscillations of a
simple pendulum. 7
7. Define stress, strain and state Hooke’s law.
(b) Find the value of g where the length of seconds pendulum
8. Write Poiseuille’s equation for coefficient of viscosity and name the
is 0·9 m. 3
symbols.
9. State and explain Coulomb’s inverse square law of magnetism. 16. (a) Distinguish between isothermal and adiabatic processes. 4
10. State any three laws of photoelectric effect. (b) Derive the equation C p - C v = R. 6
/6053
* 1 [ Contd... /6053
* 2 [ Contd...
17. (a) WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN

Define *longitudinal and transverse waves. 4 WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
(b) Define noise pollution and write any four methods of
controlling noise pollution. 2+4
18. (a) Derive the balancing condition of Wheatstone’s bridge with

necessary circuit diagram. 7
(b) In a Wheatstone’s bridge circuit Q = 3 W, R = 4 W and
S = 6 W. Find the resistance P required to balance the
bridge. 3
HHH
/6053
* 3 AA8(A)—PDF
WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
* *
8. Define coefficient of viscosity. Write Poiseuille’s equation for
* 6036 *
coefficient of viscosity and name the symbols.
C16–EE/CHPP– 103
9. State Kirchoff’s 1st and 2nd laws.
6036
10. List three applications of superconductors.
MARCH/APRIL—2018 PART—B 10×5=50
DEEE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION Instructions : (1) Answer any five questions.

ENGINEERING PHYSICS
the answer.
PART—A 3×10=30
11. (a) State and explain triangle law and polygon law of vectors. 3+3
(b) Find the area of the parallelogram formed by vectors
r r r r r r r r
A = 2 i + 3 j + k and B = i - 2 j + 2k as adjacent sides. 4
and shall not exceed five simple sentences.
12. (a) Derive the expressions for (i) maximum height and
(ii) horizontal range for a projectile in oblique projection. 3+3
1. State three applications of dimensional analysis.
(b) A football is projected into air with velocity of 10 m/s at an
angle 60° to the horizontal. Find the (i) maximum height
r r r r r r r r r r
2. If A = 2 i + 5 j + 5k and B = 2 i + 4 j + 6k , find A × B .
and (ii) horizontal range. 4
3. A stone is allowed to fall from the top of a tower reaches the ground
13. (a) Define limiting friction. 2
in 8 s. Find the height of the tower.
(b) Derive an expression for acceleration of a body on a rough
4. Define amplitude and time period of a particle executing simple inclined plane sliding down the plane. 5
harmonic motion.
(c) Brief any three methods of reducing friction. 3
5. State and explain Boyle’s law.

14. (a) State and prove work-energy theorem. 6
6. Define transverse and longitudinal waves. (b) A machine gun fires 360 bullets per minute and each bullet
travels with a velocity of 600 m/s. If the mass of each bullet
7. Define angle of contact and capillarity. is 5 gram, find the power of the gun. 4
/6036
* 1 [ Contd... /6036
* 2 [ Contd...

State * conditions of simple harmonic motion.
the 4 WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
(b) Derive the expression for the velocity and the acceleration
of a particle executing simple harmonic motion. 6
16. (a) Derive the relation, C p - C v = R. 6

(b) The ratio of two specific heats of a gas is 1·4. Its molar
specific heat at constant volume C v is 4·96 J/mol/K. Find
the value of universal gas constant. 4
17. (a) Distinguish between musical sound and noise. 4

(b) Define Doppler effect. List four applications of Doppler
effect. 2+4
18. (a) Write four properties of magnetic lines of force. 4

(b) Derive magnetic induction field strength at a point on the
axial line of a bar magnet. 6
HHH
/6036
* 3 AA8(A)—PDF
* * PART—B 10×5=50
* 6029 *
6029 (3) Answers should be comprehensive and the criterion
BOARD DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, (C–16) the answer.
MARCH/APRIL—2018
11. (a) Define cross product and write four properties of cross
DECE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION product. 2+4
ENGINEERING PHYSICS r r r r r r r r
(b) If A = i + 2 j - 2k and B = 2 i + nj + 2k are perpendicular
vectors, then find the value of n. 4
12. (a) Show that the path of projectile is a parabola in oblique

PART—A 3×10=30
projection. 6
(b) A body is thrown up vertically with a velocity of
19·6 ms -1. Find the maximum height reached and time of
(3) Answers should be brief and straight to the point ascent. 4
and shall not exceed five simple sentences.
1. State the applications of dimensional analysis. 13. (a) Derive an expression for acceleration of a body moving up
2. State triangle law and polygon law of vectors. on a rough inclined plane with necessary diagram. 6
3. A body is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 19·6 m/s (b) Write any four advantages of friction. 4
from the ground. How long the body remains in air?
4. Define the terms (a) amplitude, (b) time period and (c) frequency 14. (a) Define work, power and energy. 3
in SHM.
(b) State and prove the law of conservation of energy in the
5. Define absolute zero and write the relation between absolute
case of a freely falling body. 7
temperature and centigrade temperature.
6. Write any three differences between musical sound and noise.
15. (a) Derive expressions for time period and frequency of a
7. Define capillarity and angle of contact. particle in SHM. 6
8. Write any three examples of viscosity.
(b) In a SHM, the maximum acceleration and maximum
9. State the Kirchhoff’s law of electricity. velocity are 62·8 ms -2 and 10 ms -1 respectively. Find the
10. Write three applications of superconductivity. time period. 4
/6029
* 1 [ Contd... /6029
* 2 [ Contd...

Show * C p - C v = R.
that 6 WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
(b) A gas occupies a volume of 10 -4 cm 3 at 30 ºC and
4×10 5 N-m2 pressure. Find its volume at NTP. 4
17. (a) Define noise pollution and write any five methods of
controlling noise pollution. 1+5
(b) Write any four conditions of good auditorium. 4
(b) Derive an expression for the magnetic induction field

strength at a point on the axial line of a bar magnet. 7
HHH
/6029
* 3 AA8(A)—PDF
* 6. Distinguish* between musical sound and noise.
* 6018 *
C16–C/CM– 103
7. Define surface tension and capillarity. Give an example for
6018 surface tension.

MARCH/APRIL—2018 8. What is the effect of temperature on viscosity of liquids and
gases?
DCE—FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
9. State and explain Coulomb’s inverse-square law of magnetism.
PART—A 3×10=30 10. State the laws of photoelectric effect.

PART—B 10×5=50
1. List the base and supplementary units of the SI system with
their symbols. Instructions : (1) Answer any five questions.
2. Two forces of magnitude 30 N and 40 N are acting on a body
perpendicular to each other. Find the magnitude of resultant
force.
11. (a) Define cross product. Write three properties of cross
product. 5
3. Derive the expression for height of the tower when a body is
projected vertically upwards from the top of the tower. (b) Under what conditions the sum and difference of two
vectors will be equal in magnitude? 5
4. Determine the length of the Second’s pendulum on the earth.

Take the value of gas 9·8 m/s2 .
12. (a) What is projectile? Give two examples. 2
5. The volume of a gas at 27 ºC is 50 cm 3 . Find its temperature at (b) Prove that in the case of body thrown up vertically, the time
which its volume is doubled, if the pressure remains constant. of ascent is equal to time of descent. 5
/6018
* 1 [ Contd... /6018
* 2 [ Contd...
(c) AWWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
stone* is projected vertically upwards from the top of a (b) WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN
Write *Sabine’s formula and name the parameters
tower of height 105 m with a velocity of 20 ms -1. Find the contained. 3
time taken by the stone to reach the bottom of the tower.
(g = 10 ms -2 ) (c) Find the minimum distance between reflecting surface and
3
listener to hear an echo, if the velocity of sound in air is
330 ms -1 and persistence of hearing is 0·1 second. 2
13. (a) Explain any four methods of minimizing the friction. 4
18. (a) Define magnetic moment. Derive an expression for the
(b) A body placed at the top of a 10 m long plane surface,
strength of magnetic induction field at a point on the axial
inclined at an angle of 30º with the horizontal, slides down.
line of a bar magnet. 7
If coefficient of friction m = 0·18, find the—
(i) acceleration of the body; (b) Three currents 1 mA, 3 mA and i 3 mA are flowing towards
(ii) velocity of the body at the bottom of the plane; the junction, and two currents 2 mA and 3 mA are flowing
(iii) time taken by the body it reaches the bottom. 6 away from the junction. Find the value of i 3 . 3
HHH
14. (a) Define kinetic energy. Derive the expression for kinetic
energy of a body of mass m and moving with a velocity v. 6
(b) A body of mass 1 kg falls from a height of 40 m. Find the

potential and kinetic energies of the body after 2 seconds of
its motion. 4
15. (a) Define simple harmonic motion. Give two examples. 4
(b) Derive the expressions for velocity and acceleration of a

particle executing SHM. 6
16. (a) State first and second laws of thermodynamics. 4
(b) Distinguish between isothermal and adiabatic processes. 4
(c) What is ideal gas? Write the ideal gas equation for n moles. 2
17. (a) Define Doppler effect. Write any four applications of

Doppler effect. 5
/6018
* 3 [ Contd... /6018
* 4 AA8(A)—PDF
WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN WWW.MANARESULTS.CO.IN

Physics

Uploaded by

Physics

Uploaded by

ENGINEERING

UNITS AND DIMENSIONS

1. Define physical quantity, fundamental physical quantity and derived physical

2. What is a unit? Write the characteristics of unit.

3. Define fundamental units and derived units.

4. Define SI units and write the advantages of SI units.

6. What are multiples and submultiples of SI system?

7. Write the rules of writing SI units.

8. Define dimensions and dimensional formula.

In velocity, the dimension of length is 1 and the dimension of time is -1.

9. Define dimensional constants and dimensionless quantities.

10. State the principle of homogeneity of dimensions.

11. Write the applications of dimensional analysis.

12. Write the limitations of dimensional analysis.

13. Write the dimensional formulas for following physical quantities.

S.No Physical Quantity General Formula Dimensional Formula

2 Volume length x length x length M0L3T0

5 Momentum mass x velocity M1L1T-1

7 Force mass x acceleration M1L1T-2

32 Wave length distance M0L1T0

34 Magnetic moment pole strength x length M0L2T0I

Universal gravitation force x distance

2. Define acceleration due to gravity (g) and write characteristics of g.

and +g in the downward direction.

Substituting the above values in the equation

Substituting the above values in the equation

Consider a person standing on the top edge of a tower AB of height C

tower E, in a time t. The initial displacement of the body in the B D

upward direction is taken positive and the displacement downward

Substituting the above values in the equation

Height of Tower h = - ut + gt2

Substituting the above values in the equation

Range = Uniform horizontal velocity x Time of flight

We know that u = 0, a = + g, v = vy, t = t

The magnitude of resultant velocity is v = √vx +vy

The resultant velocity v = √u + g t

6. Show that the path of a projectile is parabola in horizontal projection. (OR)

7. Show that the path of a projectile is parabola in oblique projection. (OR)

an angle with the horizontal. The body

The horizontal component of velocity ux = ucos

horizontal displacement = horizontal velocity x time

This equation is represents a parabola.

Hence the path of a projectile is parabola in oblique projection.

Substituting the above values in the equation

Substituting the above values in the equation

Range = Horizontal component of velocity x Time of flight

Maximum Range: The range of a projectile is maximum is called “Maximum Range”.

of projection and is the angle of projection.

9. Define projectile and write the examples.

WORK, POWER & ENERGY

Power: The amount of work done in a unit time is called power.

Units: The SI units of power is “Watt”

Dimensional formula: Power =

Energy: The capacity to do work is called energy.

3. Define potential energy (P.E). Derive expression for potential energy.

The Work done = Force x displacement F

5. Define kinetic energy (K.E). Derive expression for kinetic energy.

Force acting on the body F = mass x acceleration

The Kinetic Energy K.E = mv

6. State and prove work – energy theorem.

Force acting on the body F = mass x acceleration

Total energy of the body TE = PE + KE

Total energy of the body TE = PE + KE

9. State law of conservation of energy and write the examples

HEAT & THERMODYNAMICS

2. Define absolute zero and absolute scale of temperature. (OR)

5. Difference (distinguish) between isothermal and adiabatic process. (OR)

6. State first law and second law of thermodynamics (OR)

Second law of thermodynamics:

Specific heats of gas:

Molar Specific heats of gas:

8. Difference (distinguish) between Cp and Cv (OR)

9. Explain why Cp is grater than Cv

10. Derive gas equation in terms of density. (OR)

For an ideal gas PV = RT

PdV = RdT ( dV is the increase in volume