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2022 Sheet 1

The document contains 5 problems regarding linear algebra concepts: 1) Calculating the determinants of 5 matrices. 2) Solving a determinant equation for the variable x. 3) Showing that if the matrix W is zero, then the determinant of a partitioned matrix A is equal to the determinant of U times the determinant of X. 4) Calculating the determinant of a 4x4 matrix and evaluating it when the parameters are cube roots of unity. 5) Deriving an explicit formula for the inverse of a matrix with non-zero determinant using Cramer's rule and Laplace expansions.

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38 views2 pages

2022 Sheet 1

The document contains 5 problems regarding linear algebra concepts: 1) Calculating the determinants of 5 matrices. 2) Solving a determinant equation for the variable x. 3) Showing that if the matrix W is zero, then the determinant of a partitioned matrix A is equal to the determinant of U times the determinant of X. 4) Calculating the determinant of a 4x4 matrix and evaluating it when the parameters are cube roots of unity. 5) Deriving an explicit formula for the inverse of a matrix with non-zero determinant using Cramer's rule and Laplace expansions.

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himesh
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Linear Algebra II

Sheet 1 — HT22

1. Calculate the determinants of the five matrices


   
2 0 −1 2 1 −2
A= 1 2 2  , B =  −1 1 5 , AB 2 , A + B, AB + A2 .
   

3 2 4 4 2 3

2. Solve the equation  


a−x b−x c
det  a − x c b−x =0
 

a b−x c−x
for the variable x.
!
U V
3. Let A be an n × n matrix. Suppose that A has the form in which U, V, W
W X
and X are n1 × n1 , n1 × n2 , n2 × n1 and n2 × n2 matrices respectively, with n1 + n2 = n.
Show that if W = 0 then det(A) = det(U ) det(X).

4. Show that  
0 1 1 1
 
 1 0 α+β α+γ 
det   = −4(αβ + βγ + γα).
 1 β+α 0 β+γ 
 
1 γ+α γ+β 0
What is the value of this when α, β, γ are the three roots of the equation x3 − 1 = 0?

Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford Page 1 of 2


James Maynard: [email protected]
Linear Algebra II: Sheet 1— HT22

5. Here we derive an explicit formula for the inverse of a matrix with non-zero determinant.
(a) (Cramer’s rule) Let a1 , · · · , an ∈ Rn (column vectors) and x1 , · · · , xn ∈ R with

x1 a1 + · · · + xn an = b

for some b ∈ Rn . Show that for each i we have

xi det[a1 , · · · , an ] = det[a1 , · · · , b, · · · , an ]

where the b occurs in the ith place. [Hint: Use the properties of det from Definition
1.1 and Proposition 1.2 of the lecture notes.]
(b) Now let A = [a1 , · · · , an ] and assume det(A) 6= 0, and so there exists B = (bij ) ∈
Mn (R) such that AB = In . Write ej ∈ Rn for the column vector with 1 in the jth
place and zeros elsewhere. Show using (i) that

det[a1 , · · · , ej , · · · , an ]
bij =
det(A)

where the ej occurs in the ith position.


(c) By expanding det[a1 , · · · , ej , · · · , an ] down the ith column using the Laplace ex-
pansion, show that
(−1)i+j det(Aji )
bij =
det(A)
where Aji is the matrix obtained from A by deleting the jth row and ith column.

Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford Page 2 of 2


James Maynard: [email protected]

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