Pre-Calculus

Quarter 1 – Module 9:
Standard Form of the Equation
of a Hyperbola
Pre-Calculus
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 9: Standard Form of the Equation of a Hyperbola
First Edition, 2020

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 Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 – Module 9:
Standard Form of the Equation
of a Hyperbola
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Pre-Calculus for Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Standard Form of the Equation of a Hyperbola!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal,
social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Pre-Calculus for Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Standard Form of the Equation of a Hyperbola!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

iii
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

iv
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

v
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you master the concepts of standard
form of the equation of a hyperbola. In our previous module, you have learned to
define hyperbola and identify its properties given its equation and graph. You also
learned how to identify the parts of the graph of a hyperbola. In this module, you will
learn how to determine the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola centered at
the origin and (h,k). Also, you will learn how to transform standard form of equation
of a hyperbola to its general form and vice versa. Moreover, you will also learn how
to graph a hyperbola given specific conditions.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. determine the standard form of equation of a hyperbola centered at (0,0) and

(h,k);
2. transform standard form of the equation of hyperbola to its general form and
vice versa;
3. identify the parts of a hyperbola given its standard form of equation;
4. graph the hyperbola centered at (0,0) and (h,k); and
5. appreciate the importance of the standard form of equation of hyperbola in
solving real-life problems.

It is hoped that upon exploring this learning module you will find the eagerness and
enthusiasm in completing the task required. Enjoy learning!

What I Know

Direction: Read and answer each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. What is the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola whose transverse

axis is horizontal and center is at (h,k)?
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
A. - =1 C. - =1
𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
B. - =1 D. - =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2

2. What is the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola whose transverse

axis is vertical and center is at (0,0)?
𝑦2 𝑥2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
A. - =1 C. - =1
𝑎 𝑏2 𝑏2 𝑎2

1
 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 𝑥2 𝑦2
B. - =1 D. - =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2

3. Which of the following is NOT an equation of a hyperbola in standard form?

(𝑦−3)2 (𝑥−5)2 (𝑥−2)2 (𝑦−3)2
A. - =1 C. - =1
9 16 5 8
𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑦 2 𝑥2
B. - =1 D. + =1
25 4 9 4

4. Given the general form of equation of a hyperbola, 9x2 - 4y2 - 18x - 16y + 29 =
0, what is its standard form?
(𝑦−3)2 (𝑥−5)2 (𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−1)2
A. - =1 C. - =1
9 4 9 4
(𝑦−3)2 (𝑥+5)2 (𝑦−2) 2 (𝑥+1)2
B. - =1 D. - =1
9 4 9 4

5. What is the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola whose general form
is 4x2 – 9y2 – 36 = 0?
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑦2
A. - =1 C. - =1
9 4 9 4
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑦2
B. - =1 D. - =1
4 9 4 9

6. What is the standard form of the equation, 4y 2 - 2x2 + 20x - 24y – 22 = 0?

(𝑦−3)2 (𝑥−5)2 (𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−5)2
A. - =1 C. - =1
2 4 2 4
(𝑦−3)2 (𝑥−5)2 (𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−5)2
B. - =1 D. - =1
4 2 4 2

7. What is the general form of the equation of a hyperbola whose standard form
𝑦2 𝑥2
is - = 1?
4 7
A. 4y2 – 7x2 – 28 = 0 C. 7x2 – 4y2 – 28 = 0
B. 4x2 – 7y2 – 28 = 0 D. 7y2 – 4y2 – 28 = 0

8. Which of the following is the general form of the equation of hyperbola whose
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+1)2
standard form is - = 1?
3 5
A. 5y2 – 3x2 – 30x – 6y + 27 = 0 C. 5x2 – 3y2 – 6x – 30y + 27 = 0
B. 5x2 – 3y2 – 30x – 6y + 27 = 0 D. 5y2 – 3x2 – 6x – 30y + 27 = 0

9. What is the center of the hyperbola whose standard form of equation is

(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−1)2
- = 1?
16 25
A. (2,1) C. (-2,1)
B. (1,2) D. (1,-2)

10. What are the vertices of the hyperbola whose standard form of equation is
𝑥2 𝑦2
- = 1?
16 4
A. (0,4) and (0,-4) C. (4,4) and (-4,4)
B. (4,0) and (-4,0) D. (4,-4) and (-4,-4)

2
11. What are the foci of the hyperbola whose standard form of equation is
𝑦2 𝑥2
- = 1?
16 9
A. (5,0) and (-5,0) C. (0,5) and (0,-5)
B. (0,4) and (0,-4) D. (4,0) and (-4,0)

12. What is the standard form of equation of the hyperbola whose vertices are
(0,3) and (0,-3) and one of its foci is (0,-5)?
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑦2
A. - =1 C. - =1
16 9 9 16
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑥 2 𝑦2
B. - =1 D. - =1
9 16 16 9

13. What is the standard form of equation of the hyperbola whose center is at (-
2,-1), a vertex at (-2,11) and a focus at (-2,14)?
(𝑦−1)2 (𝑥+2)2 (𝑥−1)2 (𝑦+2)2
A. - =1 C. - =1
144 81 144 81
(𝑦+1)2 (𝑥+2)2 (𝑦−1)2 (𝑥−2)2
B. - =1 D. - =1
144 81 144 81

14. Which of the following is the graph of the hyperbola whose standard form of
𝑥2 𝑦2
equation is - = 1?
4 9
A. C.

B. D.

3
15. What is the graph of the hyperbola whose standard form of equation is
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−5)2
- = 1?
2 4

A. C.

B. D.

4
 Lesson Standard Form of the
1 Equation of a Hyperbola
Center at (0,0)

Hyperbola is a type of conic section that is mostly applied in science specially in

engineering and architecture due to its reflexive and aesthetic properties. Since
hyperbola is symmetrical, most of the cooling towers and barns abroad are
structured using this conic section to maximize its ability to withstand strong winds.
In terms of navigation, the intersection of radio signals created radio waves which is
also hyperbolic in shape. Some mechanical gears are also hyperbolic for easy
transmission. A glass lens which is used to magnify objects reflected light in a
hyperbolic manner creating a zoom.

We can also see hyperbola in our home. The reflection of light on the wall when you
turn the lamp on is hyperbolic in shape. The hourglass that we use as a timer is also
hyperbolic. Can you identify objects in your home which resemble a hyperbola?

What’s In

I CAN RECALL THE PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA

Let us see how well you understood our previous lesson. Identify the parts of the
hyperbola being represented by the following letters in the graphs:

A. Hyperbola whose Transverse Axis is Horizontal

1. B ______________________

2. A and C________________

3. H and I ________________

4. J and K________________

5. D,E,F and G___________

_______________________

6. h and i________________

7. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ___________________

8. ̅̅̅
𝐽𝐾____________________

5
B. Hyperbola whose Transverse Axis is Vertical

1. A ______________________

2. B and C________________

3. D and E _______________

4. F and G_______________

5. H,I,J and K___________

_______________________

6. f and g________________

7. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ____________________
̅̅̅̅ ____________________
8. 𝐹𝐺

Let us now check if your answer in our previous activity is correct. You should
get the following answers:

A. Hyperbola whose Transverse Axis is Horizontal

1. B is center of the hyperbola

2. A and C are the vertices of the hyperbola

3. H and I are the foci of the hyperbola

4. J and K are the endpoints of the

conjugate axis

5. D,E,F and G are the vertices of the

auxiliary rectangle

6. h and i are the asymptotes of the

hyperbola

7. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 is the transverse axis of the hyperbola

8. ̅̅̅
𝐽𝐾 is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola

6
 B. Hyperbola whose Transverse Axis is Vertical

1. A is the center of the hyperbola

2. B and C are the vertices of the hyperbola
3. D and E are the foci of the hyperbola
4. F and G are the endpoints of the conjugate
axis
5. H,I,J and K are the vertices of the auxiliary
rectangle
6. f and g are the asymptotes of the hyperbola
̅̅̅̅ is the transverse axis of the hyperbola
7. 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola
8. 𝐹𝐺

Important Points to Remember:

1. The hyperbola is a set of points in a plane, the absolute value of the difference of
whose distances from two fixed points (called foci) is a constant (distance is 2a
units from any point in a hyperbola).
2. Each focus is c units away from the center of the hyperbola. The length between
two foci is 2c units.
3. The vertices are points on the hyperbola, collinear with the center and foci.
4. The transverse axis contains the vertices of the hyperbola. Its length is 2a units.
5. The conjugate axis is the axis perpendicular to the transverse axis. Its length is
2b units.
5. The asymptotes of the hyperbola are two lines passing through the center of the
hyperbola which serve as a guide in graphing it. They also served as the main
diagonals of the auxiliary rectangle of the hyperbola.
6. The sides of the auxiliary rectangle of the hyperbola have lengths of 2a and 2b
units.
7. The order of operation is important in the equation of a hyperbola since
subtraction does not hold commutative property.

At this point you may now proceed to the next section of this module!

7
 What’s New

LET US DESIGN

Just like the other conic sections that we previously discussed, hyperbola can also
be represented using its standard form of equation. To be able to do that, let us
analyze first the situation:

Architect Lorine is interested to design a water fountain for the Municipal Park of
Indang. She wanted it to be hyperbolic in shape to conserve water. What equation
would you suggest that she can use to be able to design it efficiently? What if she
wants to design it horizontally, what equation would she use? How about if she wants
it to design it vertically, what would she use?

Photo: Municipal Park of Indang, Cavite

To effectively help Architect Lorine in designing the hyperbolic water fountain, you
should be able to answer the following questions:

1. What is the standard form of the equation of the hyperbola centered at the origin
and whose transverse axis is horizontal?

2. What is the standard form of the equation of the hyperbola centered at the origin
and whose transverse axis is vertical?

3. How can you transform general form of the equation of the hyperbola in the
standard form and vice versa?

4. Given the standard form of the equation of the hyperbola, how can you identify
its parts and graph?

Are you ready to learn more so that you can help Architect Lorine? If you agree, let
us proceed to the next part of this learning module.

8
 What is It

A hyperbola is formed by the intersection of a plane perpendicular to the bases of a

double cone (nappes).

The hyperbola whose center is at (0,0) given that a, b and c  and b2 = c2 – a2

has the following properties:

Standard Form of the 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐

Equation of a Hyperbola - =𝟏 - =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
Transverse Axis Horizontal Vertical
length is 2a units length is 2a units
Center (0,0) (0,0)
Vertices V1(a,0) and V2(-a,0) V1(0,a) and V2(0,-a)
length is 2a units length is 2a units
Foci F1(c,0) and F2(-c,0) F1(0,c) and F2(0,-c)
Endpoints of Conjugate B(0,b) and B2(0,-b) B1(b,0)and B2(-b,0)
Axis
length is 2b units length is 2b units
𝑎
Asymptotes y=+ x
𝑏
y=+ x
𝑎 𝑏

Vertices of the Auxiliary (a,b), (a,-b), (-a,b) and (b,a) , (b,-a), (-b,a), and
Rectangle (-a,-b) (-b,-a)

Illustrative Example 1:

Direction: Given the general form of equation of the hyperbola, 9x2 – 4y2 – 36 = 0,
a. find the standard form of the equation;
b. identify the transverse axis, vertices, foci, endpoints of conjugate axis,
asymptotes, and vertices of the auxiliary rectangle of the hyperbola;
and
c. sketch the hyperbola.
Solution:
a. To transform the general form of equation of hyperbola to standard form, we can
write 9x2 – 4y2 – 36 = 0 as
9x2 – 4y2 - 36 + 36 = 0 + 36 Apply Addition Property of Equality (APE)
9x2 – 4y2 = 36 Simplify
9𝑥 2 4𝑦 2 36
- = Divide both sides of the equation by 36
36 36 36

𝑥2 𝑦2
- =1 Standard Form of the Equation of Hyperbola
4 9

9
b. Using the standard form of the equation of hyperbola we obtained in a,
𝑥2 𝑦2
- =1 we can see that the transverse axis of the hyperbola is
4 9
horizontal.
To find the other parts of the hyperbola we can get the values of a, b and c.
Since a2 = 4 then a = 2 ; b2= 9 then b = 3 ; c can be obtained using the formula
b2 = c2 – a2
b2 = c2 – a2  9 = c2 – 4  9 + 4 = c2  13 = c2  c= √13
By substituting the values of a, b, and c in our formula, we can now identify the
following parts of the hyperbola:
Vertices: V1(2,0) and V2(-2,0)
Foci: F1( √13, 0) and F2(−√13, 0)
Endpoints of the conjugate axis: B1(0,3) and B2(0,-3)
3 3
Asymptotes: y= x and y= - x
2 2
Vertices of the auxiliary rectangle: I(2,3), J(2,-3), H(-2,3) and K(-2,-3)
c. In a rectangular coordinate system, we can plot the coordinates of the different
parts of a hyperbola that we obtained on b. The graph of 9x2 – 4y2 – 36 = 0 should be
like this. In graphing hyperbola you should always remember to label each point.

(-2,3) (0,3) (2,3)

(-√13,0) (2,0) (√13,0)

(-2,0)

(-2,-3) (0,-3) (2,-3)

3 3
y= x y= - x
2 2

Let us try another example.

Illustrative Example 2:

Direction: Given the general form of equation of the hyperbola, 9y 2 – 16x2 – 144 = 0,

a. find the standard form of the equation;

b. identify the transverse axis, vertices, foci, endpoints of conjugate
axis, asymptotes, and vertices of the auxiliary rectangle of the
hyperbola; and
c. sketch the hyperbola.

10
Solution:

9y2 – 16x2 – 144 = 0

9y2 – 16x2 - 144 + 144 = 0 + 144 Apply Addition Property of Equality (APE)
9y2 – 16x2 = 144 Simplify
9𝑦 2 16𝑥 2 144
- = Divide both sides of the equation by 36
144 144 144

𝑦2 𝑥2
- =1 Standard Form of the Equation of Hyperbola
16 9

b. Using the standard form of the equation of hyperbola we obtained in a,

𝑦2 𝑥2
- =1 we can see that the transverse axis of the hyperbola is
16 9
vertical.
To find the other parts of the hyperbola we can get the values of a, b and c.
Since a2 = 16 then a = 4; b2= 9 then b = 3; c can be obtained using the formula
b2 = c2 – a2
b2 = c2 – a2  9 = c2 – 16  9 + 16 = c2  25 = c2  c= 5
By substituting the values of a, b, and c in our formula, we can now identify the
following parts of the hyperbola:
Vertices: V1(0,4) and V2(0,-4)
Foci: F1( 0,5) and F2(0, −5)
Endpoints of the conjugate axis: B1(3,0) and B2(-3,0)
4 4
Asymptotes: y= x and y= - x
3 3
Vertices of the auxiliary rectangle: I(3,4), J(3,-4), H(-3,4) and K(-3,-4)
c. The graph of 9y2 – 16x2 – 144 = 0

(0,5)
(0,4)
(-3,4) (3,4)

(-3,0) (3,0)

(0,-4)

(-3,-4) (3,-4)
(0,-5) 4
y=- x
4 3
y= x
3

11
Illustrative Example 3:

One of the foci of a hyperbola is at (0,-5) and the endpoints of its conjugate axis are
at (2,0) and (-2,0). Find:

a. standard form of the equation of the hyperbola; and

b. general form of the equation of the hyperbola.
Solution:

a. The endpoints of its conjugate axis are at (2,0) and (-2,0), then b=2, the center
is at the origin and the transverse axis of the hyperbola is vertical. Hence the
hyperbola is of the form:
𝑦2 𝑥2
- =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
Furthermore, one of its foci is at (0,-5) then c=5 . We can find the value of a
given the equation b2 = c2 – a2.
22 = 52 – a2
4 = 25 - a2
4 – 25 = 25 – 25 – a2 Addition Property of Equality
-21 = - a2
(-1)( -21 ) = (- a2)(-1) Multiply both sides by -1
21 = a  a = √21
2

The standard form of equation of the hyperbola is

𝑦2 𝑥2
- =1
21 4

b. To transform the standard form of equation of the hyperbola into its general
form, you need to multiply both sides of the equation by their least common
denominator (LCD)
𝑦2 𝑥2
- =1
21 4
𝑦2 𝑥2
[
21
− 4
= 1]84 Multiply both sides by 84
4y2 – 21x2 = 84
4y2 – 21x2 - 84 = 84-84 Addition Property of Equality

4y2 – 21x2 - 84 = 0 General Form of the Hyperbola

Illustrative Example 4:

The vertices of a hyperbola is at (-3,0) and (3,0) and the length of the conjugate axis
is 10 units. Find:

a. standard form of the equation of the hyperbola; and

b. general form of the equation of the hyperbola.
Solution:

a. The vertices of the hyperbola are at (-3,0) and (3,0), then a=3, the center
is at the origin and the transverse axis of the hyperbola is horizontal.
Hence the hyperbola is of the form:

12
 𝑥2 𝑦2
- =1
𝑎2 𝑏2

Also, the length of the conjugate axis is 10 units, then 2b=10, b=5.
Substituting to the given formula, we will have
𝑥2 𝑦2
- =1
32 52

𝑥2 𝑦2
- =1 Simplify
9 25

The standard form of equation of the hyperbola is

𝑥2 𝑦2
- =1
9 25

b. To transform the standard form of equation of the hyperbola into its

general form, you need to multiply both sides of the equation by their
least common denominator (LCD)
𝑥2 𝑦2
- =1
9 25

𝑥2 𝑦2
[
9
− 25
= 1]225 Multiply both sides by 225

25x2 – 9y2 = 225

25x2 – 9y2 – 225 = 225 – 225 Addition Property of Equality

25x2 – 9y2 - 225 = 0 General Form of the Hyperbol

What’s More

Here, you will try to answer the following problem exercises on your own. I want you
to answer the following carefully in one whole sheet of graphing paper using the
format below.

Independent Practice 1
Determine the standard form of equation, parts and sketch the graph of the
following hyperbolas:

1. 25y2 – 4x2 – 100 = 0

2. x2 - 4y2 – 16 = 0

13
 Equation of a Hyperbola 25y2 – 4x2 – 100 = 0 x2 - 4y2 – 16 = 0
Standard Form of
Equation
Transverse Axis
Center
Vertices
Foci
Endpoints of Conjugate
Axis
Asymptotes
Vertices of the Auxiliary
Rectangle
Graph:

Independent Practice 2

1. The foci of a hyperbola are at (-6,0) and (6,0) and one of its vertices is at (5,0). Find
the: a. standard form of the equation of the hyperbola; and
b. general form of the equation of the hyperbola.

2. The conjugate axis of a hyperbola has a length of 8 units and one of its foci is at
(0,-5). Find the: a. standard form of the equation of the hyperbola; and
b. general form of the equation of the hyperbola.

14
 Lesson Standard Form of the
2 Equation of a Hyperbola
Center at (h,k)
In our previous lesson, you learned how to determine the standard form of the
equation of a hyperbola given its transversal axis and center at the point of origin.
Also, you learned how to identify the parts of a hyperbola and sketch its graph. In
this lesson, you will be able to learn more about the standard form of equation of
hyperbola with translated axes and with center at (h, k). You need to recall certain
skills in Algebra to be able to succeed in this lesson.

What’s In

I CAN COMPLETE THE SQUARE

This concept is a prerequisite skill in this lesson. It is important that you will be able
to recall how to complete the squares. I want you to solve the following quadratic
equations by completing the squares. I will answer the first item so that you will be
guided in answering the remaining two items.

1. x2 – 8x + 7 = 0

2. 4x2 + 8x - 9 = 0

3. x2 + 12x + 4 = 0

Here is my solution for the first item:

1. x2 – 8x + 7 = 0

Solution:

Step 1: x2 – 8x + 7 – 7 = - 7 Addition Property of Equality

Step 2: x2 – 8x + ______ = - 7 You to need to get a constant that will complete

the square
𝑏
Step 3: x2 – 8x + ______ = - 7 Use the formula for completing the square c=[ ]2
2𝑎
a=1 b=-8 c=?
−8
c=[ ]2= 16
2(1)
Step 4: x2 – 8x + 16 = - 7 + 16 Addition Property of Equality
Step 5: x2 – 8x + 16 = 9 Simplify
Step 6: (x – 4)2 = 9 Express the perfect square trinomial as a square
of binomial
Step 7: √(x – 4)2 = √9 To find the value of x, get the square root of both
sides of the equation
Step 8: x – 4 = +3 Simplify

15
Step 9: x – 4 + 4 = 4+3 Addition Property of Equality
Step 10: x1= 4 + 3 ; x2= 4 – 3
X1 = 7 ; x2 = 1
The values of x are 7 and 1

It is now your turn to answer the remaining two items. I am hoping that you will
get the values easily.

Make sure that you master the skill in completing the squares before you proceed
to the next part of this module.

What’s New

GRAPHS CAN TRANSFORM

Direction: Compare the graphs of two hyperbolas. Give their similarities and
differences by completing the table below.

𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥−1)2 (𝑦−2)2
Graph of
9
- 16
=1 Graph of
9
- 16
=1

Standard Form of the 𝒙𝟐

-
𝒚𝟐
=𝟏
(𝒙−𝟏)𝟐
-
(𝒚−𝟐)𝟐
=𝟏
𝟗 𝟏𝟔 𝟗 𝟏𝟔
Equation of a Hyperbola
Transverse Axis

Center

Vertices

Foci

Endpoints of Conjugate Axis

Asymptotes

Vertices of the Auxiliary

Rectangle

16
Guide Questions:
1. What can you say about the graphs of two hyperbolas?
2. How are they similar to one another?
3. How are they different from one another?
4. How does the transformation of axes affect their properties and equation?

What is It

A change in orientation or position of a hyperbola in a rectangular coordinate system

resulted to transformation of its axes.

The hyperbola whose center is at (h,k) given that a, b and c  and b2 = c 2 – a 2

has the following properties:

Standard Form of the (𝒙−𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙−𝒉)𝟐

Equation of a Hyperbola - =𝟏 - =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
Transverse Axis Horizontal Vertical
length is 2a units length is 2a units
Center (h,k) (h,k)
Vertices V1(h+a,k) and V2(h-a,k) V1(h,k+a) and V2(h,k-a)
length is 2a units length is 2a units
Foci F1(h+c,k) and F2(h-c,k) F1(h,k+c) and F2(h,k-c)
Endpoints of Conjugate B(h,k+b) and B2(h,k-b) B1(h+b,k)and B2(h-b,k)
Axis
length is 2b units length is 2b units
𝑎
Asymptotes y=+
𝑏
(x-h) + k y=+ (x-h)+ k
𝑎 𝑏

Vertices of the Auxiliary (h+a, k+b), (h+a,k-b), (h+b,k+a) , (h+b,k-a),

Rectangle (h-a,k+b) and (h-a,k-b) (h-b,k+a), and (h-b,k-a)
Illustrative Example 1:

Direction: Given the general form of equation of the hyperbola, 16x2 – 9y2 – 32x +
36y - 164 = 0,

a. find the standard form of the equation;

b. identify the transverse axis, center, vertices, foci, endpoints of conjugate
axis, asymptotes, and vertices of the auxiliary rectangle of the hyperbola;
and
c. sketch the hyperbola.

17
Solution:

a. Transform the general form of equation of hyperbola to standard form,

16x2 – 9y2 – 32x + 36y - 164 + 164 = 0 + 164 APE

16x2 – 32x - 9y2 + 36y = 164 Regroup terms with same

literal coefficients
16(x2 – 2x) – 9(y2 – 4y) = 164 Factor terms
16(x2 – 2x + ____) – 9(y2 – 4y +____) = 164 Complete the squares
−2 −4
c=[ ]2 = 1 c=[ ]2 = 4
2(1) 2(1)
16(x2 – 2x + 1) – 9(y2 – 4y + 4) = 164 + 16 – 36 APE
16(x – 1)2 – 9(y – 2)2 = 144 Factor perfect square
Trinomial
16(𝑥−1)2 9(𝑦−2)2 144
- = Divide both sides of the
144 144 144
equation by 144
(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦−2)2
- =1 Standard Form of the
9 16
Equation of Hyperbola
b. Using the standard form of the equation of hyperbola we obtained in a,
(𝑥−1)2 (𝑦−2)2
- = 1 we can see that the transverse axis of the hyperbola is
9 16
horizontal where h=1 and k=2.

To find the other parts of the hyperbola we can get the values of a, b and c.
Since a2 = 9 then a = 3 ; b2= 16 then b = 4 ; c can be obtained using the formula
b2 = c2 – a2
b2 = c2 – a2  16 = c2 – 9  16 + 9 = c2  25 = c2  c= 5
By substituting the values of a, b, and
c in our formula, we can now identify the
following parts of the hyperbola:
Center: (1,2)
Vertices: V1(4,2) and V2(-2,2)
Foci: F1( 6,2) and F2(−4, 2)
Endpoints of the conjugate axis: B 1(1,6)
and B2(1,-2)
4
Asymptotes: y= (x-1) + 2 and
3
4
y= - (x-1)
+2
3
Vertices of the auxiliary rectangle:
I(4,-2), J(4,6), H(-2,-2) and K(-2,6)

c. In a rectangular coordinate system, we

can plot the coordinates of the different
parts of a hyperbola that we obtained on b.
The graph of 16x2 – 9y2 – 32x + 36y - 164 =
0 is shown at the right.

18
Let us try another example.

Illustrative Example 2:

Direction: Given the general form of equation of the hyperbola, 3y2 – 5x2 – 10x –
18y + 7 = 0,

a. find the standard form of the equation;

b. identify the transverse axis, center, vertices, foci, endpoints of conjugate
axis, asymptotes, and vertices of the auxiliary rectangle of the hyperbola;
and
c. sketch the hyperbola.
Solution:

a. Transform the general form of equation of hyperbola to standard form,

3y2 – 5x2 – 10x – 18y + 7 - 7= 0 - 7 APE

3y2 – 18y – 5x2 – 10x = -7 Regroup terms with same

literal coefficients
3(y2 – 6y) – 5(x2 + 2x) = -7 Factor terms
3(y2 – 6y+_____) – 5(x2 + 2x+______) = -7 Complete the squares
−6 2
c=[ ]2 = 9 c=[ ]2 = 1
2(1) 2(1)
3(y2 – 6y + 9) – 5(x2 + 2x + 1) = -7 + 27 – 5 APE
3(y – 3)2 – 5(x + 1)2 = 15 Factor perfect square
trinomial
3(𝑦−3)2 5(𝑥+1)2 15
- = Divide both sides of the
15 15 15
equation by 15
(𝑦−3)2 (𝑥+1)2
- =1 Standard Form of the
5 3
Equation of Hyperbola

b. Using the standard form of the equation of hyperbola we obtained in a,

(𝑦−3)2 (𝑥+1)2
- = 1 we can see that the transverse axis of the hyperbola is vertical
5 3
where h=-1 and k=3.
To find the other parts of the hyperbola we can get the values of a, b and c.
Since a2 = 5 then a = √5 ; b2= 3 then b = √3 ; c can be obtained using the
formula b2 = c2 – a2
b2 = c2 – a2  3 = c2 – 5  3 + 5 = c2  8 = c2  c= √8
By substituting the values of a, b, and c in our formula, we can now identify the
following parts of the hyperbola:
Center: (-1,3)
Vertices: V1(-1,3+√5) and V2(-1,3-√5)
Foci: F1(−1,3 + √8) and F2(−1, 3-√8)
Endpoints of the conjugate axis: B1(-1+√3,3) and B2(-1-√3 ,3)
5 5
Asymptotes: y= √ (x+1) + 3 and y= -√ (x+1) + 3
3 3
Vertices of the auxiliary rectangle: I(-1+√3, 3+√5), J(-1+√3, 3-√5), H(-1- √3,
3+√5) and K(-1-√3, 3-√5).

19
c. The graph of 3y2 – 5x2 – 10x – 18y + 7 = 0

Illustrative Example 3:

The center of a hyperbola is at (-4,1), one of the vertices is at (-4,3) and the length of
the conjugate axis is 6 units. Find:

c. standard form of the equation of the hyperbola; and

d. general form of the equation of the hyperbola.
Solution:

a. The length of conjugate axis is 6 units, then b=3, the center is at (-4,1),
one vertex is at (-4,3) and the transverse axis of the hyperbola is vertical.
Hence the hyperbola is of the form:
(𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
- =1
𝑎2 𝑏2

One of the vertices is (-4,3) then h=-4 and k+a=3, since k=1, then a=2.

Substituting the values to our formula then we obtain,

(𝑦−1)2 (𝑥+4)2
- =1 Standard Form of the Equation of Hyperbola
4 9

b. To transform the standard form of equation of the hyperbola into its

general form, you need to multiply both sides of the equation by their
least common denominator (LCD)
(𝑦−1)2 (𝑥+4)2
- =1
4 9
(𝑦−1)2 (𝑥+4)2
- =1 Multiply both sides by 36
4 9

20
 9(y -1)2 – 4(x + 4)2 = 36

9(y2 – 2y + 1) – 4(x2 +8x +16) = 36 Square the binomial

9y2 – 18y + 9 - 4x2 – 32x -64 = 36 Distributive Property
9y2 – 18y + 9 - 4x2 – 32x -64 – 36 = 0 APE
9y2 – 4x2 – 32x -18y – 91 = 0 General Form of the
Equation of the Hyperbola

What’s More

Here, you will try to answer the following problem exercises on your own. I want you
to answer the following carefully in one whole sheet of graphing paper using the
format below.

Independent Practice 1

Determine the standard form of equation, parts and sketch the graph of the
following hyperbolas:
1. x2 – y2 + 6x – 4y – 4 = 0

2. 4y2 – 9x2 + 16y + 18x – 29 = 0

Equation of a Hyperbola
x2 – y2 + 6x – 4y – 4 = 0 4y2 – 9x2 + 16y + 18x – 29 = 0

Standard Form of
Equation
Transverse Axis
Center
Vertices
Foci
Endpoints of Conjugate
Axis
Asymptotes
Vertices of the Auxiliary
Rectangle
Graph:

21
Independent Practice 2
1. The center of the hyperbola is at (3,-5), a vertex at (7,-5) and a focus at (8,-5). Find
the: a. standard form of the equation of the hyperbola; and
b. general form of the equation of the hyperbola.
2. The center is at (-2,1), a vertex at (-2,4) and a focus at (-2,6). Find the:
a. standard form of the equation of the hyperbola; and
b. general form of the equation of the hyperbola.

What I Have Learned

After going through the different activities in this module, I am sure that you learned
a lot. I want you to share with me using 5 to 6 sentences the most significant lesson/s
that you learned in this module.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Let us go back to the designing task of Architect Lorine. I am sure that you are now
equipped with skills and knowledge about hyperbola that could help her.
I want you to create your own design of the hyperbolic water fountain on your
computer. If you do not have computer, you can also design using manual drawing.
You will submit a sketch/ blueprint showing the important parts of the water
fountain. Your output will be graded using the given rubric.

RATING
CRITERIA
5 4 3 2
Presentation of the Output is Output is Output is Output is
Final Output presented in a presented clearly. presented in presented in an
(30%) clear and orderly proper order but unclear and
manner. in an unclear disorganized
manner. manner.
Mathematical Complete Substantial Partial Limited
Content/ understanding of understanding of understanding of understanding of
Reasoning the mathematical the mathematical the mathematical the mathematical
(50%) concepts is concepts is concepts is concepts is
evident in the applied in the applied in the applied in the
design. design. design. design.

22
 Creativity and The design shows The design shows The design shows The design shows
Resourcefulness outstanding substantial partial creativity limited creativity
(20%) creativity and creativity and and resource- and resourceful-
resourcefulness resourcefulness fulness ness

Assessment

Direction: Read and answer each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer.
1. What is the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola whose transverse
axis is vertical and center is at (h, k)?
(𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
A. - =1 C. + = 1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
B. - =1 D. + =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2

2. What is the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola whose transverse

axis is horizontal and center is at (0,0)?
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2
A. - =1 C. + =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
B. - =1 D. + =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2

3. Which of the following is NOT an equation of a hyperbola in standard form?

(𝑦−3)2 (𝑥−5)2 (𝑥−2)2 (𝑦−3)2
A. + =1 C. - =1
9 16 5 8
𝑥 2 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑥 2
B. - =1 D. - =1
25 4 9 4

4. Given the general form of equation of a hyperbola, 9y2 – 4x2 - 18y – 16x + 29
= 0, what is its standard form?
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−5)2 (𝑥+2)2 (𝑦−1)2
A. 9
- 4
=1 C. 9
-
4
=1
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+5)2 (𝑥−2)2 (𝑦+1)2
B. 9
-
4
=1 D.
9
-
4
=1

5. What is the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola whose general form
is 4y2 – 9x2 – 36 = 0?
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑦2
A. - =1 C. - =1
9 4 9 4
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑦2
B. 4
-
9
=1 D.
4
-
9
=1

6. What is the standard form of the equation, 2y2 - 4x2 + 24x - 20y – 22 = 0?
(𝑦+5)2 (𝑥−3)2 (𝑥−3)2 (𝑦−5)2
A. - =1 C. - =1
18 9 9 18

23
 (𝑦−5)2 (𝑥−3)2 (𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+5)2
B. - =1 D. - =1
18 9 9 18

7. What is the general form of the equation of a hyperbola whose standard form
𝑥2 𝑦2
is - = 1?
7 4

A. 4y2 – 7x2 – 28 = 0 C. 7x2 – 4y2 – 28 = 0

C. 4x2 – 7y2 – 28 = 0 D. 7y2 – 4y2 – 28 = 0

8. Which of the following is the general form of the equation of hyperbola whose
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+1)2
standard form is - = 1?
5 3

A. 5y2 – 3x2 – 10x – 18y + 7 = 0 C. 5x2 – 3y2 – 10x – 18y + 7 = 0

B. 3x2 – 5y2 – 10x – 18y + 7 = 0 D. 3x2 – 5y2 – 18x – 10y + 7 = 0

9. What is the center of the hyperbola whose standard form of equation is
(𝑦−2)2 (𝑥+1)2
- = 1?
7 9
A. (2,1) C. (-1,2)
B. (-2,1) D. (-1,-2)
10. What are the vertices of the hyperbola whose standard form of equation is
𝑦2 𝑥2
- = 1?
16 4
A. (0,4) and (0,-4) C. (4,4) and (-4,4)

B. (4,0) and (-4,0) D. (4,-4) and (-4,-4)

11. What are the foci of the hyperbola whose standard form of equation is
𝑥2 𝑦2
- = 1?
16 9
A. (5,0) and (-5,0) C. (0,5) and (0,-5)

B. (0,4) and (0,-4) D. (4,0) and (-4,0)

12. What is the standard form of equation of the hyperbola whose vertices are
(3,0) and (-3,0) and one of its foci is (-5,0)?
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑦2
A. - =1 C. - =1
16 9 9 16
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑦2
B. - =1 D. - =1
9 16 16 9

13. What is the standard form of equation of the hyperbola whose center is at
(1,-2), a vertex at (4,-2) and a focus at (6,-2)?
(𝑦−2)2 (𝑥+1)2 (𝑥−1)2 (𝑦+2)2
A. - =1 C. - =1
9 16 9 16
(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥+1)2 (𝑥+1)2 (𝑦+1)2
B. - =1 D. - =1
9 16 9 16

24
 14. Which of the following is the graph of the hyperbola whose standard form of
𝑦2 𝑥2
equation is - = 1?
4 9

A. C.

B. D.

15. What is the graph of the hyperbola whose standard form of equation is
(𝑦−3)2 (𝑥−5)2
- = 1?
4 2

A. C.

B. D.

Additional Activities

To practice the skills that you learned in this module, I want you to answer the
following items.

1. Find the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola with center at (2, -3), one

vertex at (6, -3), and the coordinates of one focus at (-3, -3).

2. Sketch its graph in one whole sheet of graphing paper.

25
 26
Assessment What's More
What I Know
Lesson 1
1. A Independent Practice 1 1. B
2. B 2. A
3. A 3. D
4. C 4. C
5. A 5. C
6. B 6. A
7. B 7. D
8. D 8. B
9. C 9. D
10.A 10.B
11.A 11.C
12.C 12.B
13.C 13.B
14.B 14.A
15.B 15.C
Independent Practice 2
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. a. - =1
25 9
b. 9x2 – 25y2 – 225 = 0
𝑦2 𝑥2
2. a. - =1
9 16
b. 16y2 – 9x2 – 144 = 0
Lesson 2
Independent Practice 1
Independent Practice 2
(𝑥−3)2 (𝑦+5 )2
1a. - =1
16 9
b. 9x2 – 16y2 -54x – 160y - 463=0
(𝑦−1)2 (𝑥+2)2
2. a. - =1
9 16
b. 16y2 – 9x2 -36x – 32y - 164=0
Answer Key
References
Department of Education. Pre-Calculus learners’ materials. Sunshine Interlinks
Publishing House, Inc. pp 46 – 54

Leithold, Louis. 2002. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. pp A58 –
A66. ISBN: 981-4119-21-0

27
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