Hidayatullah National Law University 1

CONSOLIDATED CURRICULUM
DOCUMENT
FOR
SEM – I
S.NO. SUBJECT PAGE NO.
1. LEGAL METHODS 2-7
2. LAW OF CONTRACT – I 8-13
3. ECONOMICS: PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS 14-17
4. POLITICAL SCIENCE: POLITICAL THEORY 18-24
5. SOCIOLOGY: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 25-29
6. GENERAL ENGLISH & LEGAL LANGUAGE 30-34
 Hidayatullah National Law University 2

LEGAL METHOD AND INTRODUCTION TO LEGAL SYSTEM (COMPULSORY PAPER)

SEMESTER I | B.A.LL.B. (Hons.)
SYLLABUS (SESSION: JULY-DECEMBER)

Faculty Dr.Kaumudhi Challa and Mrs. Rajput Year/Semester I/Ist Semester

Shraddha Bhausingh
(The subject would be shared between two
faculties in one semester with different
sections)
Course Legal Method and Introduction to Legal No. of Credits 4
Name System
Course July to December 2022 Each Session 60 Minutes
Duration Duration
No. of 50 Lectures + 10 Tutorials = 60 hours Pre-requisite None
Contact hours 10 Tutorials

Introduction, The phrase “Legal Method” contains two words- “Legal”- which means something
Course relating to law and “Method”- which means a way or procedure of doing something
Objective & in an organized manner. Thus, Legal Method is an introductory course for new
Pedagogy students in law to acquaint them with thebasics oflegal studies. It helps the students
to understand the basic concepts and principles underlying the complex legal
systems and gives an insight into the meaning of the law; nature and functions of
law; types of law; and the application of various rules and principles which they will
come across during their progress in legal education. As the term Law is very broad
in scope, the course will also focus on the different approaches to defining law; as
well as the various rules of interpretation and role of the Judiciary; and the basic
values underlying the legal systems.
The students will learn to critically interpret the statutes, cases and other legally-
relevant material, and to recognize and solve issues that imply the law. Through the
detailed study of selected legal materials, the course also hopes to provide students
of law with practical examples of the different approaches, attitudes, theories and
philosophies that make law such an exciting subject of scholarly studies.
This course is an attempt towards imparting knowledge of various aspects and
dimensions of legal systems and the Objectives are:

CO1- To enable the students to have a proper and clear understanding of the
meaning, nature, origin, types and functions of law;
 Hidayatullah National Law University 3

CO2- To enhance the student's knowledge regarding different methods of statutory

interpretation; and understanding and application of some of the legal rules and
principles;
CO3- To develop an interdisciplinary perspective on the study of law and its role in
our lives and to discuss the important fundamental concepts underlying Indian law;
CO4- To develop skills that law students need for effectively researching and using
cases, statutes and other legal materials;
CO5- To help the students to understand the meaning and importance of research
and the steps involved in legal research.

The paper Legal Method introduces to the new students the basic aspects and
dimensions of law. Hence the teaching requires giving the students an understanding
of the various definitions of law as well as step by step understanding of the origin,
nature and scope of the law. The different theories and approaches tounderstanding
law will also be explained. Attempts will be made to elucidate the various methods
of interpretation of the law and the various rules and principles in the application of
the law. Simultaneously, the focus will be directed to the realistic aspects of dealing
with varieties of circumstances which arise before courts when the method is applied
to the given facts of the cases with the interpretation of the Constitution. The
methods followed for teaching are Lecture Method, Case Study Analysis, Case Law
Analysis and Group Discussion.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Through the curriculum the students will be introduced to the basic aspects and various dimensions of
law. At the end of the course the students will be able to:
LO1- Understand and appreciate the various dimensions of law and its nature and scope.
LO2- Enhance their knowledge regarding the application of the different legal rules and principles
LO3- Have an interdisciplinary perspective on the study of law and understand its application in various
situations
LO4- Develop the skills of students in researching and using cases, statutes, and other legal materials
LO5- Understand the meaning and importance of research and the steps involved in legal researchwhich
will be helpful in future.

EVALUATION COMPONENTS:

S. No. Assessment Task Distribution of Marks

a. Continuous Internal Assessments: Small 25 marks
Assignments in form of Book Review,
Documentary Review, Short Essay etc.
 Hidayatullah National Law University 4

b. Mid-Term Examination 25 marks

c. End-Term Examination 50 marks
TOTAL 100 marks
Note: Pass Marks 50% of the final grade

COURSE PLAN:

S.No. Topics Number of

Lectures

1 MODULE – I LAW: MEANING, NATURE & FUNCTIONS 1-10

2 MODULE – II: SOURCES OF LAW 11-22
3 MODULE – III: FUNDAMENTALS OF STATUTORY 23-30
INTERPRETATION
4 MODULE – IV: JUDICIAL PROCESS: MEANING AND 31-41
NATURE
5 MODULE – V: BASIC VALUES AND PRINCIPLES 42-52
UNDERLYING LEGAL SYSTEM
6 MODULE – VI: LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING 53-60

DETAILED SYLLABUS: For teaching, the paper, Legal Method, and Introduction to Legal System is
divided into different modules as follows:

UNIT CONTENT

Module – I • Meaning of Law- Definition of Law-Evolution of Law-Ancient

LAW:MEANING, India-Greek-Roman
NATURE & • Functions & Classification of Law- Public & Private Law-
FUNCTIONS Substantive& Procedural Law-Municipal & International Law-
Civil & Criminal Law
• Nature and Scope of Law- Different Approaches to Study of Law-
Natural Law School- Analytical School-Historical School-
Sociological School- Realism Approach
 Hidayatullah National Law University 5

Module – II: 1. Custom as a Source of Law- Definition of Custom, Types of

Custom; Requisites of a Valid custom
SOURCES OF LAW
2. Legislation as Source of Law –Definition of Legislation, Making
of Legislation, Types- Supreme and Subordinate Legislation
3. Precedent as Source of Law—Definition of Precedent, Types-
Binding force of Precedent - The Doctrine of Stare Decisis - Ratio
Decidendi, Obiter Dicta - Kinds of Precedent - Circumstances
which destroy or weaken the binding force of precedent

Module – III: • Meaning of Statutes, Parts of a statute and their use in

FUNDAMENTALS understanding and interpreting statutes
OF STATUTORY • Classification of Statutes, General Clauses Act, 1897 and its
INTERPRETATION importance
• Importance of rules, maxims, and presumptions in Interpretation-
Rules of Interpretation: Literal Rule, GoldenRule, and Mischief
Rule

Module – IV: • Judicial Process- Meaning and Nature, Views of Benjamin Cardozo
JUDICIAL • Necessity and Application of Case Laws in the Study of Law
PROCESS: • Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint – Meaning and Significance
MEANING AND
NATURE

Module – V: • Significance of Some Values- Justice- Liberty- Equality-

BASIC VALUES Fraternity- Dignity- Unity and Integrity
AND PRINCIPLES • Rule of Law- Meaning, Importance, A.V. Dicey’s Rule of Law,
UNDERLYING Application
LEGAL SYSTEM • Doctrine of Separation of Powers- Meaning, Importance,
Application

Module – VI: • Legal Research- Meaning and Importance, Kinds of Legal Research
• Doctrinal Research (Non-Empirical) and Non-Doctrinal (Empirical)
LEGAL Research- Meaning, Features, Sources and Methods of Data
RESEARCH AND Collection
WRITING • Bibliography, Footnotes, References- Meaning and Significance,
Various styles of writing Footnotes and References
 Hidayatullah National Law University 6

READINGS:

CASE-LAWS & LEGISLATIONS: As the paper introduces the basic concept and understanding of
law, the case-laws and legislations will be by way of examples to explain different aspects of law and the
varied dimensions of law. Hence, the case-laws and legislations will be drawn from various subjects like
constitutional law, administrative law, environmental law, IPC, etc.

BOOKS: ( Available in HNLU Library)

• A. Lakshminath, Judicial Process and Precedent, (4th ed, 2018.) Eastern Book Company,
Benjamin N. Cardozo, The Nature Of The Judicial Process,( 2021 )Satyam Law
International.
• Edgar Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 2018
• G.P. Singh, Principles Of Statutory Interpretation (Also Including General Clauses Act,
1897 With Notes),(25 May 2016)Lexis Nexis; First edition
• I.P. Massey, Administrative Law, Eastern Book Company, (10th ed.), 2022,
• P. Ishwara Bhat, Idea and Methods of Legal Research,Illustrated edition (5 December
2019), OUP India;
• R.C. Lahoti, Preamble: The Spirit and Backbone of the Constitution of India, (1st Edition
2004, Reprint 2021) Eastern Book Company.
• S.K. Verma and M. Afzal Wani, Legal Research and Methodology, (2nd ed.), The Indian
Law Institute, 2001
• V.D. Mahajan, Jurisprudence and Legal Theory, (6th ed.), Eastern Book Co., Lucknow,
2022

ARTICLES:
• Alan L. Tyree, Fact Content Analysis Of Case Law: Methods And Limitations, Jurimetrics,
Vol. 22, No. 1 (Fall 1981), pp. 1-33
• Bruce A. Kimball, The Proliferation of Case Method Teaching in American Law Schools:
Mr.
• Helen Silving, A Plea for a Law of Interpretation, University of Pennsylvania Law Review,
Vol. 98, No. 4 (Mar. 1950), pp. 499-529
• John P. Humphrey, On the Definition and Nature of Laws, The Modern Law Review, Vol.
8, No. 4 (Nov. 1945), pp. 194-203
• Julius Stone, The Ratio of the Ratio Decidendi, The Modern Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 6
(Nov. 1959), pp. 597-620
 Hidayatullah National Law University 7

• L. Goodhart, The Ratio Decidendi of a Case, The Modern Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 2
(Mar. 1959), pp. 117-124
• Richard A. Posner, Statutory Interpretation: In the Classroom and the Courtroom, The
University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 800822.
• Richard H. Fallon, Jr., "The Rule of Law" as a Concept in Constitutional Discourse,
Columbia Law Review, Vol. 97, No. 1 (Jan. 1997), pp. 1-56
• Seamus Murphy, The Rule of Law: What Law? Whose Rule?, Studies: An Irish Quarterly
Review, Vol. 95, No. 380 (Winter, 2006), pp. 397-406
• William Lucy, Abstraction and the Rule of Law, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 29,
No. 3 (Autumn, 2009), pp. 481-509.
 Hidayatullah National Law University 8

LAW OF CONTRACTS - I (COMPULSORY PAPER)

SEMESTER I | B.A.LL.B. (Hons.)
SYLLABUS (SESSION: JULY-DECEMBER)

Course Prof. (Dr.) Yogendra K. Srivastava Year/ Semester 1/I

Instructor(s) Dr. Balwinder Kaur
Ms. Anita Singh
Mr. Amitesh Deshmukh
Course Name Law of Contract - I No. of Credits 4
Course Code NA Session Duration 60 Minutes
No of Contact 50 Lectures + 10 Tutorials = 60 hours Pre-requisite None
Hours
Introduction, Promises are a quintessential of social existence. Every promise gives rise to an
Course expectation in the minds of other party that, the promisor would perform certain
Objective & obligation and fulfill the promise towards them. However, all promises are not
Pedagogy enforceable by law. Promises enforceable under law are termed as contracts.
The manner in which contracts are understood and enforced also form part of
rule of law in the market economy. From the standpoint of practice, a large
number of cases pertain to contract law. This makes understanding of
contractual matters a quintessential legal trait.
In India, the general principles of contract laws are codified under the Indian
Contract Act, 1872. The present course aims at combining the theoretical
understanding of contracts with the practical experience of the businesses in the
light of modern-day business practices and technology.

Course Objective is to develop an understanding about:

CO1- fundamental concepts relating to contracts;

CO2- insight(s) of legal regime relating to contracts;
CO3- contractual principles in context of economic activities;
CO4- combination of the theoretical aspects of contracts and practical
experience of enforcement;
CO5- the emerging areas of study and research in Contracts law.
 Hidayatullah National Law University 9

This subject requires teaching to be a combination of theoretical foundation with

practical application. The contact hours will be utilized in Lectures, classroom
discussions, case law method, exercises including group work, project work, use
of audio-visual methods. The enrolled students will be encouraged to participate
in classes via minor assignments in the form of quiz, MCQs or addressing an
issue based on facts.

LEARNING OUTCOMES: Through the curriculum, the students will be introduced to the big picture
of Contracts and the Law relating to it. At the end of the course, students will:

LO1- be able to demonstrate the fundamental concepts relating to contracts;

LO2 –be equipped with the knowledge of legal regime in India for regulating contracts;
LO3 – be able to elaborate the significance of contracts in economic activities;
LO4- be able to understand the theoretical aspect of contracts and apply it in practical situations;
LO5 – be able to elaborate on the prospects of and issues with emerging areas in law of
contracts.

EVALUATION COMPONENTS
Evaluation Components Distribution of
Marks
Continuous Internal Assessment 25
Mid Term examination 25
End Term 50
Total 100
*Note: Pass marks 50% of the final grade.

COURSE PLAN
S.No. Topics Lecture Sessions
1 Formation of an Agreement 8
2 Consideration 5
3 Capacity to Contract 4
4 Consent 8
5 Regulation and Limitations on Freedom of Contracts 8
6 Performance of Contract 5
7 Discharge of a Contract 4
 Hidayatullah National Law University 10

8 Remedies for Breach of Contract 8

DETAILED SYLLABUS
UNIT CONTENT
• Introduction to Agreement
Module 1 • Meaning of Agreement
FORMATION OF • Meaning of contract
AN AGREEMENT • Agreement vis-à-vis a Contract
• Nature and types of contracts
• Theory of Contractual Relationships – Classical and Neo-classical
• Offer / Proposal
• Proposal and acceptance and their various forms
• Intention to create legal relationship
• Communication of Offer and Acceptance
• Revocation and mode of revocation of offer and acceptance.
•
• Meaning and nature of consideration
Module 2 • Nudum-pactum
• Doctrine of privity of contract and of consideration and its
CONSIDERATIO exceptions,
N • Exceptions of consideration
• Adequacy of consideration
• Present and past consideration
• Unlawful consideration and its effects
• Legal Disability to Enter into Contract
Module 3 o Minority
o Unsound Mind
CAPACITY TO o Persons disqualified by Law
CONTRACT • Effects of Minors Agreement
• Liability for Necessaries Supplied to the Minor.
• Definition of consent
Module 4 • Free Consent and Vitiating Elements
o Coercion
CONSENT o Undue Influence
o Fraud
o Misrepresentation
o Mistake
• Effect on Contracts influenced by any factor Vitiating Free Consent
• Legality of Object
Module 5 • Void and Voidable Agreements
• Agreements against Public Policy
REGULATION • Agreements with Unlawful Consideration
AND
 Hidayatullah National Law University 11

LIMITATIONS • Agreements without Consideration

ON FREEDOM • Agreements in Restraint of Marriage
OF CONTRACT • Agreements in Restraint of Trade
• Agreements in Restraint of Legal Proceedings
• Ambiguous and Uncertain Agreements
• Wagering Agreements: Its exceptions,
• Contingent Contracts
MODULE 6 • Rules regarding Performance of Contracts
PERFORMANCE • Joint Promisors
OF CONTRACT • Doctrine of Frustration / Impossibility of Performance
• Quasi contracts & its performance
• Discharge by Novation – Remission, Accord and Satisfaction
Module 7 • Appropriation of Payments
• Discharge by Breach - Anticipatory Breach - Actual breach
DISCHARGE OF
A CONTRACT

Module 8 • Remedies under Indian Contract Act 1872

REMEDIES FOR o Damages
BREACH OF o Types of Damages
CONTRACT o Remoteness of damages
o Ascertainment of Damages
• Remedies under specific relief act
o Specific Performance
o Injunction
o Recission

READINGS:

STATUTES, RULES AND REGULATIONS:

1. Indian Contract Act, 1872
2. Specific Relief Act, 1963
*Students are advised to procure the updated bare acts.

CASE LAWS:
1) Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. (1891-4) All ER Rep.127
2) Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v. Boots Cash Chemist (Southern) Ltd. (1952) 2 All ER
Rep. 456
3) Balfour v. Balfour (1918-19) All ER 860 (CA)
4) Lalman Shukla v. Gauri Datt (1913) XL ALJR 489 (All.)
5) Bhagwandas Goverdhandas Kedia v. M/s. Girdharilal Parshottamdas & Co., AIR 1966 SC 543
6) Harvey v. Facey (1893) AC 552
 Hidayatullah National Law University 12

7) Felthouse V.Bindley (1862) 11 CB 869

8) Kedarnath Bhattacharji v. Gorie Mahomed (1886) 7 I.D. 64 (Cal.)
9) Doraswami Iyer v. Arunachala Ayyar (1935) 43 LW 259 (Mad.)
10) Abdul Aziz v. Masum Ali, AIR 1914 All. 22
11) Venkata Chinnaya Rau v. Venkataramaya Garu (1881) 1 ID 137 (Mad.)
12) Nawab Khwaja Muhammad Khan v. Nawab Husaini Begam (1910) LR 37 I.A.152
13) Union of India v. Maddala Thathiah, AIR 1966 SC 1724
14) Rajendra Kumar Verma v. State of M.P. AIR 1972 MP 131
15) Kanhaiya Lal Aggarwal v. Union of India AIR 2002 SC 2766
16) Haridwar Singh v. Bagun Sumbrui (1973) 3 SCC 889
17) Indian Airlines Corporation v. Sm. Madhuri Chowdhuri AIR 1965 Cal. 252
18) Mohori Bibee v. Dhurmodas Ghose (1903) 30 I.A. 114
19) Khan Gul v. Lakha Singh, AIR 1928 Lah. 609
20) Ajudhia Prasad v. Chandan Lal, AIR 1937 All. 610
21) Raghunath Prasad v. Sarju Prasad (1923) 51 I.A. 101
22) Subhas Chandra Das Mushib v. Ganga Prasad Das Mushib AIR 1967 SC 878
23) Lakshmi Amma v. T. Narayana Bhatta, 1970 (3) SCC 159
24) Tarsem Singh v. Sukhminder Singh (1998) 3 SCC 471
25) Gherulal Parakh v. Mahadeodas Maiya, AIR 1959 SC 781
26) Niranjan Shankar Golikari v. Century Spinning & Manufacturing Co. Ltd., AIR 1967 SC 1098
27) Central Inland Water Transport Corpn. Ltd. v. Brojo Nath Ganguly (1986) 3 SCC 156
28) Dhurandhar Prasad Singh v. Jai Prakash University, AIR 2001 SC 2552
29) Satyabrata Ghose v. Mugneeram Bangur & Co. AIR 1954 SC 44
30) M/s. Alopi Parshad & Sons Ltd. v. Union of India AIR 1960 SC 588
31) Punj Sons Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India AIR 1986 Del. 158
32) Easun Engineering Co. Ltd. v. The Fertilizers & Chemicals Travancore Ltd. AIR 1991 Mad. 158
33) Hadley v. Baxendale (1843-60) All ER Rep. 461
34) AKAS Jamal v. Moolla Dawood, Sons & Co. (1915) XX C.W.N. 105
35) Karsandas H. Thacker v. M/s. The Saran Engineering Co. Ltd., AIR 1965 SC 1981
36) Maula Bux v. Union of India AIR 1970 SC 1955
37) Shri Hanuman Cotton Mills v. Tata Air Craft Ltd.1969 (3) SCC 522
38) Ghaziabad Development Authority v. Union of India AIR 2000 SC 2003
39) Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. v. Saw Pipes Ltd. (2003) 4 SCALE 92
40) State of West Bengal v. B.K. Mondal & Sons AIR 1962 SC 779

PRIMARY TEXT BOOKS

I. Nilima Bhadbhade, Pollock & Mulla, Indian Contract & Specific Relief Acts (15th ed., 2017, Lexis
Nexis)
II. J. Beatson, Anson’s Law of Contract (29th ed. OUP, 2010)
III. H.K. Saharay, Dutt on Contract – The Indian Contract Act, 1872 (11th ed., 2013, Eastern Law
House)
IV. Avtar Singh, Law of Contract and Specific Relief (12th ed., 2017, Eastern Book Company)
V. Chitty on Contracts, Sweet & Maxwell, London, Vol. I & II, (28thEdn. – 1999).
VI. A. C. Moitra, Law of Contract and Specific Relief, Universal Law Publishing Co.(5th Edn. -
2005)
 Hidayatullah National Law University 13

VII. M. Krishnan Nair, Law of Contracts, Orient Longman, Hyderabad (5th Edn. – 1996)

*The suggested material is only preliminary. Therefore, instructor(s) may modify the readings by
intimating the class.
 Hidayatullah National Law University 14

PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS
SEMESTER I | B.A.LL.B. (Hons.)
SYLLABUS (SESSION: JULY-DECEMBER)

Faculty Name Ms. Priyanka Tomar Year/ Semester 1/I

Course Name Principles of Economics No. of Credits 4
Course Code NA Session Duration 60 Minutes
No of Contact 50 Lectures + 10 Tutorials Pre-requisite None
Hours =60 hours
Introduction, The course is designed for the students who have no formal
Course Objective background of Economics. The course helps to get broader
& Pedagogy understanding of basic concepts and analytical tools of Economics and
also, better understanding of relationship between economics and law.
Economics is a subject matter that is based upon human behaviour
which plays a very prominent role in many aspects of the law.

This course provides an introduction to a broad range of basic

economic concepts, theories and analytical techniques. It considers
both microeconomics - the analysis of choices made by individual
decision-making units (households and firms) - and macroeconomics
- the analysis of the economy as a whole. The use of a market, supply
and demand model will be the fundamental model in which trade-offs
and choices will be considered through comparison of costs and
benefits of actions. Production and market structure will be analyzed
at the firm level. Macroeconomic issues regarding the interaction of
goods and services markets, labour and money at an aggregate level
will be modelled. The role of government policy to address
microeconomic market failures and macroeconomic objectives will be
examined.

Course objectives:
 Hidayatullah National Law University 15

C01: To develop students critical thinking and analytical abilities as

well as to understand economic principles and how they relate to the
world we live in.
C02: To make students understand how and why markets (one
important mechanism for allocating scarce resources) work, why they
may fail to work, and the implications for social and economic policy
of both their successes and failures.

Teaching and learning through this course involve classroom lectures,

brainstorming discussion sessions in class, power point presentations,
etc. Other teaching inputs would be added based on the needs of the
students and the topics to be taught.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course, students will be able to:

1. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of core economics concepts, tools and models.
2. Apply economic concepts to real world scenarios, and use that analysis to make informed
judgements and decisions.
3. Interpret, analyse and depict economic information in diagrams, tables and graphs.
4. Communicate economic knowledge, ideas and analysis, both orally and in writing.
5. Reflect on the nature and implications of assumptions and value judgements in economic
analysis and policy.

EVALUATION COMPONENTS
Evaluation Components Distribution of
Marks
Continuous Internal Assessment 25
Mid Term examination 25
End Term 50
Total 100
*Note: Pass marks 50% of the final grade.
 Hidayatullah National Law University 16

COURSE PLAN
S.No. Topics Lecture Sessions
1 Definition of Economics 1-10
2 Theory of Demand and Supply 11-20
3 Theory of Production, Cost and Revenue 21-30
4 Price Determination in Different Markets 31-40
5 Theory of Distribution: Factor Pricing 41-50
6 National Income Accounting 51-60

DETAILED SYLLABUS
UNIT CONTENT
Module 1 1. Definition of Economics, Nature & Scope of Economics
Definition of 2. Branches of Economics
Economics 3. Relationship between Economics & Law

Module 2 1. Demand and Supply Theory, Law of Demand & Supply

2. Determinants of Demand & Supply
Theory of Demand
3. Elasticity of Demand and Supply
and Supply 4. Utility Analysis: Cardinal Utility and Ordinal Utility
5. Concept of Choices and Preferences

Module 3 1. Production Function; Factors of Production; Total, Average

and Marginal product
Theory of
2. Law of Variable Proportions and Returns to Scale
Production, Cost 3. Internal and External Diseconomies
and Revenue 4. Concept of Revenue: Total, Average and Marginal revenue
5. Concept of Costs: Short and Long run Costs and its curves
Module 4 1. Perfect Competition
2. Monopoly
Price
3. Monopolistic Competition
Determination in 4. Oligopoly
Different Markets
Module 5 1. Labour and Wage
Theory of 2. Land and Rent – Ricardian Theory of Rent
Distribution: 3. Capital and Interest – Keynesian Theory of Interest
Factor Pricing
 Hidayatullah National Law University 17

Module 6 1. National Income Accounting

2. Banks: Central Bank and Commercial Banks
Macro Economics
3. Inflation and Unemployment
4. Monetary and Fiscal Policy
5. International Linkages – Open Economy Model

READINGS
Books

▪ Mankiw, N. (2007). Economics: Principles and applications, 4th ed. South Western.
▪ Mankiw, N. (2016). Macroeconomics, 9th ed. Worth Publishers.
▪ Dwivedi, D.N. (2016). Microeconomic Theory, Vikas Publishing House, Delhi.
▪ Jhingan, M.L. (2019). Microeconomics Theory, Vrinda Publications, Delhi.
▪ Salvatore, D (2009). Principles of Microeconomics, Oxford University Press.

Magazines, Newspapers and Websites

▪ Newspapers: Mint by HT Media; The Economic Times; The Financial Express

▪ Magazines / Journals: The Economist; Economic and Political Weekly
▪ Websites: Reserve Bank of India; Press Information Bureau
 Hidayatullah National Law University 18

INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL THEORY AND THOUGHT (COMPULSORY PAPER)

SEMESTER I | B.A.LL.B. (Hons.)
SYLLABUS (SESSION: JULY-DECEMBER)

Faculty Name Mr. Kamal Narayan Year/ Semester 1/I

Course Name Introduction to Political Theory No. of Credits 4
and Thought
Course Code NA Session Duration 60 Minutes
No of Contact 60 hours Pre-requisite None
Hours
Introduction, This course offers an introduction to political theory and political thought.
Course Objective The course deals about the ways in which various political thinkers responded
& Pedagogy to the political problems of their time through different ideas and ideologies
and the way in which they contributed to a broader view about human goals
and needs, justice, democracy and the ever-changing relationship between the
citizen and the state.
The major objective of this course is to introduce the students to some of the
key concepts and ideas of political theory and thought which shape our
political discourse.

Through the teaching of above course, the students will realize Following
objectives;

CO1: To understand the meaning, nature and significance of Political Science

CO2: To understand state, its origin, and functions of the state.

CO3: To acquaint with the theories, approaches, concepts and principles of
political theory.
CO4: Understanding Democracy, Sovereignty, Equality and Justice.
CO5: To demonstrate knowledge of key thinkers and concepts.
CO6: To analyse the political philosophy of major western and Indian
political thinkers.
 Hidayatullah National Law University 19

This subject requires teaching to be a combination of theoretical foundation

with practical application. The contact hours will be utilized in catering a blend
of instruction, discussion, and brainstorming sessions. The enrolled students
will be encouraged to participate in classes via minor assignment

Learning Outcome: This Course enables students to develop an understanding of the basic
concepts in political theory and thought and engage in critical analysis of the subject. It also
gives an opportunity to the students to dwell upon contemporary theories and views of scholars
creating a deeper understanding and gain knowledge.
Specific learning outcomes are follows-

LO1- what is Politics and explaining the approaches to the Study of Political Science –
Normative, Behavioral, Post Behavioral.
LO2 – The course will thus enable students to discuss major theories and concepts in political
science and develop critical thinking in the working of political systems.
L03 – Students will understand the various traditional and modern theories of political science.
L04 - The students will understand the ways in which western and Indian political thinkers
responded to the political problems of their times and the way in which they contributed to a
broader view about human goals and needs, Liberty, Equality, Rights justice, democracy and the
ever-changing relationship between the citizen and the state.
LO5 - Students will be able to use political thought is the use of intelligence or reason to arrive
at ideas which will best provide for the common welfare.
LO6 – It will enable the students to understand the political philosophy from ancient period to
Modern period.

EVALUATION COMPONENTS
Evaluation Components Distribution of Marks
Continuous Internal Assessment 25
Mid Term examination 25
End Term 50
Total 100
*Note: Pass marks 50% of the final grade.

COURSE PLAN
S.No. Topics Lecture Sessions
1 Political Science: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Significance, 1-10
 Hidayatullah National Law University 20

Approaches to the study of Political Science

2 State and Theories of Origin of State, Sovereignty 11-21
3 Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Justice 22-29
4 Plato, Aristotle 30-40
5 Niccolo Machiavelli, Jeremy Bentham, J.S. Mill 41-49
6 Mahatma Gandhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru, B.R. Ambedkar 50-60

DETAILED SYLLABUS
CONTENT
Political Theory
• Political Science: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Significance
Module 1 • Traditional Approaches
Introduction • Modern Approaches: Behavioralism, Post-Behavioralism,
Systems Approach, Structural-Functional Approach, Marxist
,Approaches to the study Approach
of Political Science

Module 2
State and Theories of • State – Meaning, Nature and Elements of State
Origin of State, • Changing Notions of State
Sovereignty • Theories of State: Divine Origin Theory, Force Theory, Social
Contract Theory, Marxist Theory
• Meaning and Characteristics of Sovereignty
• Types of Sovereignty – Legal, Political, Popular, National,
Titular; De jure and De facto
• Theories of Sovereignty: Monistic Theory and Pluralistic
Theory

• Democracy: Meaning, Definition and Characteristics

Module 3 Democracy, • Models of Democracy: Direct, Representative, Participatory
Liberty, Equality and and Deliberative
Justice • Theories of Democracy: Classical Liberal and Elite Theory of
Democracy
• Liberty: Meaning and Definition
• Theories of Liberty: J.S. Mill and Isaiah Berlin
• Equality: Meaning and Definition
• Types of Equality, Theories of Equality: Ronald Dworkin
• Justice: Meaning and Definition
 Hidayatullah National Law University 21

Types of Justice, Theories of Justice: John Rawls and Amartya

Sen
Western Political Thought

Module 4 • Plato: Influence of Socrates on Plato and his contribution

Plato and Aristotle • Ideal State
• Rule of Philosopher King
• Theory of Education
• Communism of Wives and Property
• Theory of Justice
• Changes in Platonic Stand in ‘The Statesman’ and ‘The Laws’
Introduction to Aristotle’s Political Thought
• Aristotle:
• Theory of State and Ideal State or the Best Sate
• Theory of Justice
• Revolution
• Slavery
• Citizenship

• Machiavelli:
Module 5 • Human Nature
• Ideas Morality and Religion
Niccolo Machiavelli • Ideas on State and Its Preservation as reflected in Prince
Jeremy Bentham • Machiavelli as a Modern Thinker
J.S. Mill • Jeremy Bentham:
• Utilitarianism
• Bentham’s Ideas on Liberty, State, Government, Law and
Justice Administration System
• J.S. Mill:
• Utilitarianism of Mill
• Mill’s Ideas on Liberty
• Ideas on State and Representative Government

• Indian Political Thought

Module 6 • Mahatma Gandhi: Concept of Satyagraha and Non-violence

• Gandhi on Religion and Politics - Spiritualization of Politics
Mahatma Gandhi,
Jawahar Lal Nehru B.R. • Gandhi on End and Means,
Ambedkar • Gandhi on Gram Swaraj, Swadeshi and the Theory of
Trusteeship
• Jawahar Lal Nehru:
 Hidayatullah National Law University 22

• Nehru on Democracy
• Nehru on Secularism
• Nehru on Mixed Economy
• Nehru and Socialism
• Nehru on Nationalism and Internationalism
• B.R. Ambedkar:
• Ambedkar as a Critic of Ancient Social Order and Inequality
• Annihilation of the Caste System

READINGS: -

Text Books:
• Agarwal, R.C., Political Theory (Principles of Political Science),S. Chand and Company
Limited
• Arora N.D. and Awasthy S.S., Political Theory, Har Anand Publications Private Limited
• Gauba, O.P., Introduction to Political Theory, Macmillan Publishers
• Johri J.C. Contemporary Political Theory, New Dimensions Basic Concepts and Major
Trend, Sterling Publishers
• Heywood Andrew: Political Ideas and Concepts: An Introduction,
Palgrave Macmillan,1994
• Bhargava, Rajeev and Ashok Acharya: Political Theory, An Introduction, Pearson
Education, 2008.
• Held David, Models of Democracy, Stanford University Press, 2006
• M P Jain, Political Theory: Liberal and Marxian, Authors Guild, 1985
• Amal Ray and Mohit Bhattacharya, Political Theory: Ideas and Institutions, The World
Press, 1983.
Reference Books:
• Aristotle, The Politics, Translated Ernest Braker, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1998 edn.
• Hobbes, Thomas, The Leviathan, Amherst New York, Prometheus Books, 1988.
Oxford University Press, 1942.
• Machiavelli, Niccolò, The Prince and The Discourses, translated L. Ricci, New York,
Modern Library, 1950.
• Kant, Political Writing, Translated by H.B Nisbet, edited by Hans Reiss, Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press, 1991.
• George H Sabine and Thomas L Thorson, A History of Political Theory, Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 1973. (Available in HNLU Library)
• Wanlass C. Lawrence, Gettell’s History of Political Thought, Surjeet Publications, Delhi,
2001. (Available in HNLU Library)
• Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought Vol-I and II, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 2007. (Available in HNLU Library)
• Wolin, Sheldon S., Politics and Vision, Princeton University Press, Princeton ,2006.
(Available in HNLU Library)
• Kymlicka Will, Contemporary Political Philosophy: an Introduction, Oxford University
 Hidayatullah National Law University 23

Press, Oxford, 2008. (Available in HNLU Library)

• Goodin E. Robert and Pettit Philip, A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy,
Blackwell Publishing, Malden, USA, 2005. (Available in HNLU Library)
• Mehta, V. R., Foundations of Indian Political Thought, New Delhi, Manohar Publishers,
1992. (Available in HNLU Library)
• Arora Prem and Grover Brij, Selected Western and Indian Political Thinkers, Cosmos
Bookhive (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 1998. (Available in HNLU Library)
• Ian Adams and R.W. Dyson, Fifty Great Political Thinkers, Routledge, London, 2004.
• Sukhbir Singh, History of Political Thought vol-I and II, Rastogi Publications, Meerut, 2003.
• Strauss, Leo and Joseph Cropsey edited. History of Political Philosophy. Chicago, University
of Chicago Press, 1973.
• Mehta, V.R. and Thomas Pantham (eds), Political Ideas in Modern India: Thematic
Explorations, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2006.
• Kangle, R.P, Arthashastra of Kautilya, 1960, Motilal Benarasidass, 1965.
• Pantham, Thomas and Kenneth L. Deutsch (ed), Political Thought in Modern India, New
Delhi, Sage, 1986
• Parekh, Bikhu and Thomas Pantham (ed), Political Discopurse, Explorations in Indian and
Western Political Thought, New Delhi, Sage, 1987.
• Dalton, Dennis Gilmore, India’s Idea of Freedom; Political Thought of Swamy Vivekananda,
Arobindo Ghose, Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore, Academic Press, 1982.
• Avineri Shlomo, Hegel's Theory of the Modern State, Cambridge, Cambridge University
Press, 1972.
• Beiner, Ronald and William James Booth, Kant and Political Philosophy New Haven, Yale
University Press, 1993.
• Cohen, G.A, Karl Marx's Theory of History, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1978.
• Lukacs, G., History and Class Consciousness, Merlin, 1978.
• 'Machiavelli' by Quentin Skinner, 'Hobbes' by Richard Tuck, 'Mill' by William Thomas,
'Marx' by Peter Singer in Great Political Thinkers. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1992.
• Maclntyre, Alasdair, A Short History of Ethics, Oxford, Aldern Press, 1967.
• Macpherson, C.B., The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism, Oxford, Oxford
University Press, 1962.
• O'Neil, Onora, Constructions of Reason: Explorations of Kant's Practical Philosophy,
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
• Pocock J.G. A., The Machiavellian Moment, Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press,
1975.
• Raphael D.D., Hobbes: Morals and Politics, Great Britain, Cambridge •University Press,
1977.
• Rawls, John, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Cambridge, Harvard University
Press, 2000.
• Reiss, Hans, Kant Political Writings, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1970.
• Taylor, Charles, Hegel, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1975.
• Wiser, L James, Political Philosophy: A History of the Search for Order, Prentice-Hall, 1983.
• Chris Sparks and Stuart Isaacs, Political Theorists in Context, Routledge, 2004.
• Nelson, Brian, Western Political Thought: From Socrates to the Age of Ideology, Prentice
Hall (2nd Edition), 1995.
 Hidayatullah National Law University 24

• Boucher, David & Paul Kelly (eds.), Political Thinkers: From Socrates to the Present,
Oxford University Press (2nd Ed.), 2009.
• Jha, Shefali, Western Political Thought: From Plato to Marx, Pearson Publications.
• Mukherjee, Subrata, A History Of Political Thought: Plato To Marx, Prentice-Hall Of India,
2009.

ONLINE ARTICLES-
• https://www.jstor.org/
 Hidayatullah National Law University 25

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY (COMPULSORY PAPER)

SEMESTER I | B.A.LL. B. (Hons.)
SYLLABUS (SESSION: JULY-DECEMBER)

Faculty Name Dr. Uttam Kumar Panda Year/ Semester 1st/I Sem
Course Name Introduction to Sociology No. of Credits 4
Course Code NA Session Duration 60 Minutes
No of Contact 50 Lectures + 10 Tutorials Pre-requisite None
Hours =60 hours
Introduction:
The course, Introduction to Sociology is designed keeping the students of
Introduction, B.A.LL.B in mind on how they can develop their scientific understanding
Course Objective about society, social institutions, their inter-relations and functions. The course
& Pedagogy will enable the students in terms of developing their empirical reason,
sociological imagination and their roles in society. The course includes some
basic components, like how sociology emerged as a scientific discipline to
study the human social problems systematically, major sociological
perspectives/approaches to understanding society, Various forms of social
stratifications, socio-legal institutions, culture and social change etc. The
course also helps the students to perceive individual and society in a holistic
manner.
Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to acquaint the learners:
CO1: To orient the students for scientific social cognition and make them to
understand socio-legal issues, social institutions and their relation patterns;
CO2: To make the students understand about the relevance of the recent trends
in legal education and professionalism; and
CO3: To make the students as potential human resources of the society at large.
Course Pedagogy:
This course will be administered through classroom teaching, continuous
internal assessments, discussion, evaluation, and use of ICT tools for effective
deliberation of the course content in the class. Classroom interactions between
the students and the course instructor will help the learners achieving the
expected learning outcomes. Students are encouraged to participate in
 Hidayatullah National Law University 26

question-answer sessions and tutorials. They are also expected to share their
opinions, ideas, and critical views in the classroom, which can help all the
stakeholders improve teaching-learning processes and curriculum
development.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
In completion of this course, the learners/students will be able to:
LO1: understand the processes of scientific social cognition; social, political, economic and legal
dimensions of human behaviour; derivations of their actions in everyday life.
LO2: know the various social groups, stratification pattern, institutional functions and linkages
between individual and socio-legal institutions etc.
LO3: perceive the stakeholders in their professional lives while dealing with them and their issues.

EVALUATION COMPONENTS

Evaluation Components Distribution of Marks

Continuous Internal Assessment (10 + 10+ 5 = 25) 25
Mid Term examination 25
End Term 50
Total 100
Note: The passing mark is 50% of the final grade.

COURSE PLAN

Sl. No. UNIT No. of Sessions/ Lectures

1. Module 1: Sociology: A Scientific Discipline 8
2. Module 2: Some Basic Concepts in Sociology 8
3. Module 3: Project Writing and Methodology 5
4. Module 4: Major Sociological Perspectives of 6
Understanding Society

5. Module 5: Culture and Media 6

6. Module 6: Family, Marriage & Kinship 6
7. Module 7: Socialization 6
 Hidayatullah National Law University 27

8. Module 8: Social Stratification 5

9. Total Lectures 50
10. Tutorial Hours 10

DETAILED SYLLABUS

UNIT CONTENT

Module 1: Sociology: A ➢ Defining Sociology

Scientific Discipline ➢ Sociology as a Science
➢ Two Schools of Thoughts
➢ Sociological Imagination
➢ Sociology & Commonsense
➢ Sociological Thinking
➢ Relationship between Sociology and other Social Sciences
(Law, Economics, Political Science, History, Psychology)
➢ Society and Social Groups
Module 2: Some Basic ➢ Social Interaction and Everyday Life
Concepts in Sociology ➢ Happiness and Empathy
➢ Status and Role
➢ Role Conflict
➢ Crime and Deviance
➢ Gender and Sexuality
➢ Social Mobility and Change
➢ Globalization
➢ Know-how of Writing a Project Proposal/ Synopsis
Module 3: Project Writing ➢ Writing a project report
and Methodology ➢ Empirical and non-empirical research
➢ Ethics in social and legal research
➢ Outline of Micro and Macro Perspectives
Module 4: Major ➢ Functionalist Perspective
Sociological Perspectives of ➢ Conflict Perspective
Understanding Society ➢ Interactionist Perspective
➢ Feminist Perspective
➢ Understanding Culture and its types
Module 5: Culture and ➢ Cultural traits and complexes
Media ➢ Sub-cultures and counter-cultures
➢ Ethnocentrism and Xenophobia
➢ Theory of cultural growth
➢ Media in a Global Age
➢ Digital Revolution
 Hidayatullah National Law University 28

➢ Print and Electronic Media

➢ Social Media
➢ Family: Definition, characteristics, types, functions & future
Module 6: Family, Marriage of family
& Kinship ➢ Marriage: Definition. Rules, Forms of marriage, marriage in
India
➢ Kinship: Definition. Rule of Residence, Descent, types of Kin
& Kinship Usages
Module 7: Socialization ➢ Concept of Socialization
➢ Agencies of Socialization
➢ Stages of Socialization
➢ Theories of Socialization (C. H. Cooley, Sigmund Freud &
G.H. Mead)
Module 8: Social ➢ Concept of Stratification
Stratification ➢ Differentiation
➢ Social Inequality
➢ Foundations of Stratification
➢ Theories of Social Stratification
READINGS:

• Deshpande, A (2021 revised/reprint edition). The Grammar of Caste, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
• Macionis, John J. and Bhatia R. (2018: 17e). Sociology: A Global Introduction, Pearson, India.
• Giddens, Anthony (2016). Sociology, edited by P.W. Sutton (7th Edition). Willey India, New
Delhi.
• Oommen, T. K. and Venugopal, C. N. (2016) Reprint. Sociology: Social Sciences for Law
Students Series, Eastern Book Company publishing (P) Ltd., Lucknow.
• Horton, P. B. and Hunt, C. L., (2015 Reprint). Sociology. Tata MacGraw-Hill, New Delhi
• Srinivas, M.N. (1991 revised/reprint edition). India: Social Structure, HPC, New Delhi.
• Srinivas, M.N. (1996). CASTE: Its Twentieth Century Avtar (edited), Penguin Books.
• Jackson, Stevi and Jones, Jackie (2011). Contemporary Feminist Theories, (edited) Rawat
Publications, India
• Beteille, Andre (2002). Sociology: Essays on Approach & Method. Oxford India, New Delhi.
• Beteille, Andre (2009). Sociology: Essays in Approach and Method, Delhi: Oxford University
Press, Chapter 1, ‘Sociology and Common Sense’.

• Bhusan, Vidya and Sachdeva, D. R, Sociology, New Delhi.

• Bierstedt, Robert (1974). The Social Order, New York: McGraw Hill Book Company.
• Bottomore, T. B. Sociology: A Guide to Problems and Literature, Blackie & Son (India) Ltd., S.
Chand & and Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
• Chaudhuri, Maitrayee (2012). Feminism in India: The Tale and its Telling Armand Colin, Revue
Tiers Monde.
• Gupta, Dipankar (1991). Social Stratification. Oxford India, New Delhi.
• Haralambos, M. & R. M. Heald. Sociology: Themes & Perspectives, Oxford University Press,
Delhi.
 Hidayatullah National Law University 29

• Inkeles, Alex. What is Sociology? Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

• Jayaram, N. Introductory Sociology, Macmilan India Limited.
• Korgen, K. O. (2008: edited vol.). Contemporary Readings in Sociology. Pine Forge Press,
California.
• Kothari, C.R. (2009). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New age Internatinal
Publications, New Delhi.
• Loseke, D. R. (2013). Methodological Thinking. Sage Publications, New Delhi.
• Marshal, G. A. Dictionary of Sociology. Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
• Mead, George H. 1934. Mind, Self and Society, edited by C. W. Morris. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
• Mead, George H. 1964. On Social Psychology, edited by A. Strauss. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
• Omvedt, G. 1994.Dalits and the Democratic Revolution: Dr. Ambedkar and the Dalit.
• OpenStax Rice University (2017). Introduction to Sociology 2e. Houston/Texas.
https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:_97x1rAv@8/Introduction-to-Sociology
• Phanse Sameer (2016). Research Methodology: Logic Methods, and Cases. Oxford University
Press, New Delhi.

• Piaget, Jean. 1954. The Construction of Reality in the Child. New York: Basic Books.

• Shankar Rao, C.N., Sociology, S. Chand, New Delhi.

• Sharma, K. L. 2002, Social Stratification and Mobility, Rawat publications.
• Silvio Waisbord (2017: Ed). Media Sociology: A Reappraisal, Rawat Publications, India
• Srinivas, M.N. (1969). The Caste System in India in A. Béteille (ed.) Social Inequality: Selected
Readings, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, Pp.265- 272.
• Wharton, Amy S. (2012). The Sociology of Gender: An Introduction to Theory and Research.
Blackwell Publishing, UK.

ONLINE SOURCES

• All HNLU Online Subscriptions: JSTOR, EBC READER, MANUPATRA, ETC.

• https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction
• https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=sP9KhysDemvbqPHPOAmaYw==
 Hidayatullah National Law University 30

GENERAL ENGLISH AND LEGAL LANGUAGE (COMPULSORY PAPER)

SEMESTER I | B.A.LL.B. (HONS.)
SYLLABUS (SESSION: JULY-DECEMBER)

Faculty Name Jeevan Sagar Year/ Semester I/I

Pradeep Barman
Course Name General English and Legal No. of Credits 3
Language
Course Code NA Session Duration 60 Minutes
No of Contact 50 Lectures + 10 Tutorials Pre-requisite None
Hours =60 hours
Introduction, The course objectives are:
Course Objective
& Pedagogy
1. Enable the students to use grammatically acceptable, intelligible and
appropriate language in their communications. Orient them towards
both the artistry and utility of the English language through the study
of language corpus.
2. Provide students with the critical faculties necessary in an academic
environment, on the job, and in an increasingly complex,
interdependent world.
3. Scaffolding the students for performing research, analysis, and
criticism of literary and popular genres.
4. Assist students in the development of intellectual flexibility,
creativity, and cultural literacy so that they may engage in life-long
learning.

Pedagogy:

The teaching methods will include lectures, PPTs, documentaries and

some practical sessions.

LEARNING OUTCOMES: Through the curriculum,

 Hidayatullah National Law University 31

1. Students would be intelligible in all their communications. They would be familiar with
representative linguistic usage in personal, professional and cultural contexts.
2. Students would be able to apply critical and theoretical approaches to the reading and analysis
of literary and cultural texts in multiple genres.
3. Students would be able to identify, analyse, interpret and describe the critical ideas, values, and
themes that appear in literary and cultural texts and understand the way these ideas, values, and
themes inform and impact culture and society, both now and in the past.
4. Students would be able to write analytically in a variety of formats, including essays, research
papers, reflective writing, and critical reviews of secondary sources.
5. Students would be able to ethically gather, understand, evaluate and synthesize information
from a variety of written and electronic sources.
6. Students would be proficient in oral communication and writing.

EVALUATION COMPONENTS
1. The performance of the students would be measured by formative assessment (i.e. Internal
Assessment and Mid Term Examination) and summative assessment (i.e. End Term Examination)
2. The Mid Term Examination would be of 25 marks wherein the students are expected to attempt
two questions out of three. The questions may have sub-sections.
3. The aim of the practical sessions is to develop language skills and critical thinking. It would be
25 marks. It would be done through Free Speech, Elocution, JAM, Group Discussions, Panel
Discussion, Declamation, Debate, Ex Tempore, Turncoat /Double Debate, Seminar, Workshop,
Colloquium, Symposium, Advertising, PPT Presentation, watching legal movies, plays and
discussion thereafter. It would give the students a hands-on experience of various forms of
communication.
4. The End Term Examination would be 50 marks. The nature of the questions would be
application based, factual, analytical, descriptive, comparative, expository and critical.
Evaluation Components Distribution of Marks
Continuous Internal Assessment 25
Mid Term examination 25
End Term 50
Total 100
*Note: Pass marks 50% of the final grade.

COURSE PLAN
S. Topics Lecture Sessions
No.
1 Communication in Language 1-12
 Hidayatullah National Law University 32

2 Language Skills I 13-21

3 Language Skills II 22-35
4 Language Skills III 36-44
5 Grammar 45-52
6 Vocabulary 53-60

DETAILED SYLLABUS
UNIT CONTENT
Module I: • Communication – What is Communication? Characteristic
Communication in features of Effective Communication. People Skills - Importance
Language and Roles of Soft Skills, Work Ethics, Emotional Intelligence,
Body Language, Leadership, Teamwork, Self-Management
• Language: Nature, Features, Meaning and Definitions
• The Interface between Law and English Language
• Characteristic Features of Legal English

Module II: Language • Language Skills – Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing
Skills I • Listening – Kinds, Importance and Challenges of Listening in
Personal and Professional Life. Selecting a variety of material for
reading. Developing a good listening habit.
• Speaking – A general introduction to English Phonetics – IPA and
Pronunciation
• Paralanguage - pitch, intonation, word and sentence stress, pace,
rate of speech, foghorns
• Rhetoric, Nuances, Style, Proposition, Defence, Satire, Apologies,
Agreement, Disagreement, Rejoinder
• The Oral Communication – Etiquettes at Court, Do’s and Don’ts
in Conversation, The Protocol of Addressing the Judges in
Various Courts, The Vertical and Horizontal Communication in
Court
• (Practical Exercises - Free Speech, Elocution, JAM, Group
Discussions, Panel Discussion, Declamation, Debate, Ex
Tempore, Turncoat /Double Debate, Seminar, Workshop,
Colloquium, Symposium, Advertising, PPT Presentation,
watching legal movies, plays and discussion thereafter)

Module III: Language • Reading – Kinds, importance and challenges of reading in

Skills II personal and professional life. Selecting a variety of material for
reading. Developing a good reading habit.
 Hidayatullah National Law University 33

• Reading Comprehension- Skills of reading and understanding

English language.
• Media language (National Dailies, National Magazines and Web
Sources)– News, Features, Advertisement, Editorial, Opinions,
Columns, Blogs
• (Practical Exercises - Analysing the text and context, views,
inclinations, Opinions, Rumours, Ideology, Spin Doctoring etc.)
• Legal texts - Skills of reading and interpreting a variety of texts on
law. Extensive reading practice of legal instruments, court
judgements, findings, orders and legal history

Module IV: Language • Writing - Notice, Order, Memorandum, Circular, Notification,

Skills III Ultimatum, Appeal, Reminder, Ordinance, Resolution,
Corrigendum, Open Letter, Application
• Email, CV/Resumé
• Essay Writing – on Contemporary Issues (Narrative, Expository,
Analytical, Comparative, Critical, Hypothetical, Argumentative)
• Short notes, Reports, Paragraph Writing, Precis, Expansion of
Ideas, Critical Reviews
• Introduction to Legal Drafting - Plaints, Written Statement, Writ,
Counter Writ, Affidavit, Counter Affidavit.

Module V: Grammar • Word Classes (With a special focus on Prepositions and

Connectors), Usage of Tenses, SV Concord
• Active and Passive Voices, Direct and Indirect Narration
(Advanced Exercises)
• Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences – Transformation of
Sentences
• Question Tags, Short Answers
• Common errors

Module VI: Vocabulary • Roots and Affixes, Transformation of Word Classes, Idioms,
Phrases, Proverbs
• Synonym, Antonym, Homophones and Homographs, One word
substitution
• Collocation
• Legal maxims: origin of maxims
• Meaning of maxims (list of maxims to be supplied)
• Usage of maxims in sentences to bring out the clarity of meaning
• Legal terms and phrases: purpose, scope and usage
• Meanings of legal terms and phrases to bring out the clarity
• Scope and problems of legal language
 Hidayatullah National Law University 34

• Contemporary and Legal Abbreviations

1.

READINGS:

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

• General English:
o High School English Grammar and Composition – by Wren and Martin
o Practical English Grammar – Thomson and Martinet
o Nesfield’s Grammar, Composition and Usage –by N.K. Agrawal & F.T. Wood
o An Intensive Course in English- by C.D. Siddhu
o Intermediate Grammar- Usage and Composition –by M.L.Tikkoo & Subramanian
o English Vocabulary in Use: Advanced -Michael McCarthy & Felicity O’Dell
o The Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS
o Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary – A S Hornby
o Oxford Collocation Dictionary
o Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary – Daniel Jones
o Business Communication – Meenakshi Raman, Prakash Singh
• Legal Language
o Legal Language – Madhubhushi Sridhar Acharyulu
o Outline of Legal Language- by Anirudh Prasad
o Legal Language-by Amit Sen
o Legal Reasoning & Legal Writing – by Richard K. Newman
o Laws of Pleading – P C Mogha
o Just Writing – by Walters Klumar
o Legal Language and General English – by S.C. Tripathi
o English for Law – by Yadugiri & Geetha Bhasker
o Legislative Drafting –by G.C. Thronton
o Plain Language for Lawyers- by Michele M. Asprey
o Due Process of Law- by Lord Denning

ONLINE SOURCES:
• https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/collocations/
• https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199658237.001.0001/acref-
9780199658237