The document discusses servlets and how they are used to create dynamic web applications in Java. Servlets extend the HttpServlet class and override methods like doGet and doPost to handle HTTP requests. The servlet lifecycle and API methods are also explained.
The document discusses servlets and how they are used to create dynamic web applications in Java. Servlets extend the HttpServlet class and override methods like doGet and doPost to handle HTTP requests. The servlet lifecycle and API methods are also explained.
The document discusses servlets and how they are used to create dynamic web applications in Java. Servlets extend the HttpServlet class and override methods like doGet and doPost to handle HTTP requests. The servlet lifecycle and API methods are also explained.
The document discusses servlets and how they are used to create dynamic web applications in Java. Servlets extend the HttpServlet class and override methods like doGet and doPost to handle HTTP requests. The servlet lifecycle and API methods are also explained.
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SERVLET
A website is a collection of static files(webpages) such as HTML pages, images,
graphics etc. A Web application is a web site with dynamic functionality on the server. Google, Facebook, Twitter are examples of web applications.
HTTP is a protocol that clients and servers use on the web to communicate.
HTTP is a stateless protocol i.e HTTP supports only one request per connection. This means that with HTTP the clients connect to the server to send one request and then disconnects. This mechanism allows more users to connect to a given server over a period of time.
The client sends an HTTP request and the server answers with an HTML page to the client, using HTTP.
HTTP Methods HTTP request can be made using a variety of methods, but the ones you will use most often are Get and Post. The method name tells the server the kind of request that is being made, and how the rest of the message will be formated.
GET Request to retrieve information from server using a given URI.
POST Request for server to accept the entity enclosed in the body of HTTP method.
URL SYNTEX:
Servlet Technology is used to create web applications. Servlet technology uses Java language to create web applications
Web applications are helper applications that resides at web server and build dynamic web pages. A dynamic page could be anything like a page that randomly chooses picture to display or even a page that displays the current time.
Methods of Servlet interface
LIFECYCLE OF SERVLET METHOD:
S.No. Method Description
1. public void init(ServletConfigconfig): It is used for initializing the servlet. It is invoked only once by the web container in a servlet life cycle.
2. public void service(ServletRequestreq, ServletResponse res): It is used
for providing a response to all the incoming request. It is invoked every time by the web container for each request.
3. public void destroy(): It is used for destroying the servlet. It is
invoked only once in a life cycle of a servlet.
-->NON LIFECYCLE METHOD :
4. public ServletConfiggetServletConfig(): It is used to get the object of
ServletConfig.
5. Public String getServletInfo(): It is used to get information about
writer, copyright etc of a servlet. web.xml file is a deployment descripter.
HTTPSERVLET ::
HttpServlet is also an abstract class. This class gives implementation of various
service() methods of Servlet interface.
To create a servlet, we should create a class that extends HttpServlet abstract
class. The Servlet class that we will create, must not override service() method. Our servlet class will override only the doGet() and/or doPost() methods.
The service() method of HttpServlet class listens to the Http methods (GET, POST etc) from request stream and invokes doGet() or doPost() methods based on Http Method type.
Httpservlet Api and creating first Servlet Class
Methods of HttpServlet interface
S.No. Method Description 1 public void service(ServletRequest req,ServletResponse res): It is used for securing the service method by creating objects of request and response. 2 protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res): It is used for receiving a service method. 3 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res): It is invoked by the web container and it is used for handling the GET request. 4 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res): It is invoked by the web container and it handles the POST request. 5 protected void doHead(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res): It is invoked by the web container and it handles the HEAD request. 6 protected void doOptions(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res): It is invoked by the web container and it handles the OPTIONS request. 7 protected void doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res): It is invoked by the web container and it handles the OPTIONS request. 8 protected void doTrace(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res): It is invoked by the web container and it handles the TRACE request 9 protected void doDelete(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res): It is invoked by the web container and it handles the DELETE request. 10 protected long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest req): It is used for getting the time of last modified HttpServletRequest.
HttpSession getSession(): returns the current HttpSession associated with this
request or, if there is no current session and create is true, returns a new session
Cookies getCookies() returns an array containing all of the Cookie objects the client sent with this request
PrintWriter getWriter() returns a PrintWriter object that can send character text to the client.
Difference between Context Init Parameters and Servlet Init Parameter
Context Init parameters Servlet Init parameter
Available to all servlets and JSPs that are part of web. Available to only servlet for which the <init-param> was configured Context Init parameters are initialized within the <web-app> not within a specific <servlet> elements Initialized within the <servlet> for each specific servlet. ServletContext object is used to get Context Init parameters ServletConfig object is used to get Servlet Init parameters Only one ServletContext object for entire web app Each servlet has its own ServletConfig object
An attribute is an object that is used to share information in a web app. Attribute
allows Servlets to share information among themselves. Attributes can be SET and GET from one of the following scopes :
request session application
Session : We all know that HTTP is a stateless protocol. All requests and responses are independent. But sometimes you need to keep track of client's activity across multiple requests. For eg. When a User logs into your website, not matter on which web page he visits after logging in, his credentials will be with the server, until he logs out. So this is managed by creating a session.
There are four different techniques used by Servlet application for session management. They are as follows:
Cookies Hidden form field URL Rewriting HttpSession
HTTPSESSION :: HttpSession object is used to store entire session with a specific
client. We can store, retrieve and remove attribute from HttpSession object. Any servlet can have access to HttpSession object throughout the getSession() method of the HttpServletRequest object.
form user input ma jo name="userName" hai vo
servlet mai String n=req.getparameter("userName") same aavu joiey means form and getparameter ma same aave name or variable aa name ne vairable ma store karyo n ma session.setAttribute("key",value); key= ma koi bhi navu name aapi sakiye che and value jema adho data n variable ma store karelo che ae
session.setAttribute("karan",n); data ne bija servlet page ma lai java mate response.sendRedirect("url mapping name");use thay or requestDispatcher ana sivay out.print("<a href='servlet2'>visit</a>"); url mappkaryu
servlet na bija page ma data get karva mate
session.getAttribute("karan"); aa key ma bado data aavi jay che aa object tarike kam kare che so ane typecast karvu pade out.print("hello"+n)
Cookies Cookies are small pieces of information that are sent in response from the web server to the client. Cookies are the simplest technique used for storing client state.
Cookies are stored on client's computer. They have a lifespan and are destroyed by the client browser at the end of that lifespan.
Cookies are created using Cookie class present in Servlet API. Cookies are added to response object using the addCookie() method. This method sends cookie information over the HTTP response stream. getCookies() method is used to access the cookies that are added to response object.
Creating a new Cookie :
Cookie ck =new Cookie("username",name);
Sending the cookie to the client
response.addCookie(ck);
Getting cookies from client request
Cookie[] ks=request.getCookies();
Types of Cookies There are two types of cookies. They are as following:
Session Persistent 1) Session cookies: The session cookies do not have any expiration time. It is present in the browser memory. When the web browser is closed then the cookies are destroyed automatically.
2) Persistent Cookies: The Persistent cookies have an expiration time. It is stored in the hard drive of the user and it is destroyed based on the expiry time.
How cookies works?
When a user Start a web and request information from the website. The website server replies and it sends a cookie. This cookie is put on the hard drive. Next time when you return to the same website your computer will send the cookies back. Now the website server identifies the data and sale your information to other sellers.
