5.1 Skill in Sport
5.1 Skill in Sport
5.1 Skill in Sport
Sports,
exercise and
health science
Topic 5
Skill in sport
2. Information
sports performer?
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
Topic 5
Skill in sport 5.1.1 Define the term skill
Sub-topics
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Skill in sport
Topic 5
5.1.1 Define the term skill
Skill in sport
Topic 5
5.1.1 Define the term skill
Skill in sport
Topic 5
5.1.2 Describe the different approaches to
Skill in sport classifying skills
• There are many different types of skills and they
Sub-topics vary according to the different motor, cognitive,
perceptual and perceptual-motor demands placed on
the performer.
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing • Motor skill - Weightlifting, for example, is mostly a
3. Principles of
motor skill because it emphasizes movement and
skill learning
does not require much thinking.
• Cognitive skill - Playing chess requires mostly
cognitive skill because it requires lots of thinking.
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Skill in sport
Topic 5
5.1.2 Describe the different approaches to
Skill in sport classifying skills
2. Information
processing
2. Information
processing
1. The
characteristics - Examples of discrete skills are a forward roll in
and classification
of skill
gymnastics, a golf swing or a penalty stroke in field
2. Information
processing
hockey.
3. Principles of
- Each of these skills are clearly defined and it is
skill learning
obvious when the movement starts and when it stops.
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Skill in sport
5.1.3 Outline the different approaches to
Topic 5
Skill in sport
classifying motor skills
2. Information
processing • Open skills are those skills that are significantly
3. Principles of
affected by the environmental conditions, to the
extent that the conditions dictate the pace of the
skill learning
movement.
- The environment is largely variable and
unpredictable and, as such, the performer has to adapt
their movements accordingly.
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Skill in sport
5.1.4 Compare skill profiles for contrasting
Topic 5
Skill in sport
sports.
• Closed skills are skills that are performed in a more
stable and predictable environment and, as such,
Sub-topics
can be internally paced by the performer.
1. The
- Closed skills follow set movement patterns and
are performed in the same way each time.
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Skill in sport
5.1.4 Compare skill profiles for contrasting
Topic 5
Skill in sport
sports.
2. Information
skills.
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Skill in sport
5.1.4 Compare skill profiles for contrasting
Topic 5
Skill in sport
sports.
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Skill in sport
5.1.4 Compare skill profiles for contrasting
Topic 5
Skill in sport
sports.
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
Cognitive, motor, perceptual and
perceptual-motor. Which is which?
health science
Topic 5
Skill in sport
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
The Stability of the environment
health science
Topic 5
Skill in sport
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
Open
Vs Closed
.
IB
Sports,
exercise and
The Size of the musculature
health science
Topic 5
Skill in sport
Sub-topics
Vs
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
.
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
Fin Gross
skill learning
e
IB
Sports,
exercise and
The distinctiveness of movement
characteristics
health science
Topic 5
Skill in sport
serial
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
Vs Discrete
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
.
continuous
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Skill, ability & technique
Skill
Topic 5
Skill in sport
Ability
Sub-topics
Technique
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science
5.1.5 Outline Ability
Topic 5
Skill in sport
• The term “ability” is often confused with the term skill,
however, although they are related, they are not the
same thing.
Sub-topics
- As mentioned in the previous section, skills are
largely defined by their purpose, goal or objective, and by
1. The
the fact that they require practice.
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
• Abilities, however, are the traits that we are
skill learning
born with.
- They are the perceptual and motor attributes,
inherited from our parents that enable us to perform skills.
Abilities give us the capacity to perform skills.
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Sports,
exercise and
health science
5.1.5 Outline Ability
2. Information
processing
• Individuals differ in the strength of their abilities.
3. Principles of
- Those individuals who have strong abilities
skill learning
that benefit a specific skill or activity will appear to
demonstrate competence in that activity with
relative ease. However, it is only with practice that
someone becomes truly skillful
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Sports,
exercise and
health science
5.1.5 Outline Ability
Topic 5
Skill in sport
• It is important to remember that ability is not the
only factor that contributes to successful
performance.
Sub-topics
• Failure to invest in practice time may also result in
1. The
a below-par (low skill level) performance.
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science
Factors affecting abilities
Topic 5
Skill in sport
1. An individual’s abilities are shaped by biological and physiological factors
(Fleishman, 1964).
2. Information
processing
4. Abilities are also affected by environmental factors. For example, children who
are afforded formal education will continue to develop their verbal and reasoning
3. Principles of
skill learning
abilities throughout their academic years, just as children who participate in physical
fitness- or sport-related programs will develop their motor abilities.
5. The rate at which abilities develop varies across childhood and adolescence, both
within individuals and across individuals. This is largely due to growth and maturation
changes. The rate of development levels out between the ages of 18 and 22 years,
remaining relatively stable throughout adulthood (Fleishman, 1964)
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science
5.1.6 Distinguish between Fleishman’s physical
proficiency abilities & perceptual motor abilities
Topic 5
Skill in sport
• One of the major researchers into abilities was Edwin
Fleishman. Using a statistical method called factor
Sub-topics
analysis Fleishman identified a number of abilities
1. The
characteristics
Physical proficiency abilities consist of
and classification
of skill gross movements/use of large
2. Information muscle groups (ex physical factors).
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning Perceptual motor abilities are a
combination of how we make sense of our
environment (perception) and how we act
(motor control) (ex psychomotor factor).
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science
5.1.6 Distinguish between Fleishman’s physical
proficiency abilities & perceptual motor abilities
Topic 5
Skill in sport
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science
5.1.8 State the relationship between ability, skill
and technique
Topic 5
Skill in sport
We have used the words “motor control” to describe how we act
or move.
- Another word that can be used to describe how we
Sub-topics move is “technique”.
- When physical educators and psychologists talk about
1. The
characteristics
technique they are commenting on the way the individual
and classification
of skill
controls his or her limbs.
- It is a part of what we mean by skill but not the only
2. Information
processing part.
3. Principles of
skill learning In order to perform skillfully the person must have the
necessary technique or techniques and choose the correct
one to use in any particular situation.
3. Principles of
skill learning • They are very efficient, energy is not
wasted and there is great consistency
in their performances
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science
5.1.9 Discuss the differences between a skilled
and a novice performer
Topic 5
Skill in sport
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science
5.1.9 Discuss the differences between a skilled
and a novice performer
Topic 5
Skill in sport
• Novices are inconsistent.
• They can and do sometimes produce a
Sub-topics good performance but generally they do
1. The
not.
characteristics
and classification
of skill
• They are far from fluid and appear to lack
2. Information
coordination.
• Their movements are inefficient and often
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
we cannot tell what they are trying to do.
• Sometimes they do not know what they
are trying to do.
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science
5.1.9 Discuss the differences between a skilled
and a novice performer
Topic 5
Skill in sport
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science
Genetics are the most important factor in
Topic 5
becoming a skilled performer?
Skill in sport
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science
How are skill, ability + technique
related with regard to both
Topic 5
Skill in sport novice and skilled
sports performer?
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
Topic 5
Skill in sport
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Using the definition of skill – compare a
novice and skilled performer
5.1.1 Define the term skill
Topic 5
Skill in sport
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning
IB
Sports,
exercise and
Any questions before you start your quiz?
health science
Sub-topics
1. The
characteristics
and classification
of skill
2. Information
processing
3. Principles of
skill learning