Rotary Pump Tests: American National Standard For

ANSI/HI 3.
6-2010
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American National Standard for
Rotary Pump
Tests
ANSI/HI 3.6-2010
6 Campus Drive
First Floor North
Parsippany, New Jersey
07054-4406
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No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
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ANSI/HI 3.6-2010
American National Standard for
Rotary Pump Tests
Sponsor
Hydraulic Institute
www.Pumps.org
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Approved June 24, 2010

American National Standards Institute, Inc.
Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved

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Published By
Hydraulic Institute
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Copyright © 2010 Hydraulic Institute

All rights reserved.
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in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior
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Contents
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
3.6 Rotary pump tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3.6.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3.6.2 Type of performance test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3.6.3 Net positive inlet pressure required (NPIPR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3.6.4 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.6.5 Performance test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.6.6 Hydrostatic test (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.6.7 Net positive inlet pressure required test (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.6.8 Rate of flow measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.6.9 Measurement of pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.6.10 Power measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.6.11 Methods for rotary speed measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.6.12 Temperature measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.6.13 Suitable interval between calibrations for performance test instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Appendix A Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figures
3.6.5.7.1 — Recommended test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.6.5.9.5 — Speed correction values for pump input power for x = 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.6.5.10a — Pump performance at constant speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.6.5.10b — Pump performance at constant pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.6.5.11.2 — Information data sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.6.9a — Pressure tap opening with corrosion-related plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.6.9b — Welded-on pressure tap opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.6.9c — Loop manifold connecting pressure taps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.6.9.1 — Use of calibrated Bourdon gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Tables
3.6.4a — Symbols and terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.6.4b — Subscripts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.6.5.7.3 — Test tabulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6.13 — Recommended instrument calibration interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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Foreword (Not part of Standard)
Scope
The purpose and aims of the Institute are to promote the continued growth of pump knowledge for the interest of
pump users and pump manufacturers and to further the interests of the public in such matters as are involved in
manufacturing, engineering, distribution, safety, transportation and other problems of the industry, and to this end,
among other things:
a) To develop and publish standards for pumps;
b) To collect and disseminate information of value to its members and to the public;
c) To appear for its members before governmental departments and agencies and other bodies in regard to mat-
ters affecting the industry;
d) To increase the amount and to improve the quality of pump service to the public;
e) To support educational and research activities;
f) To promote the business interests of its members but not to engage in business of the kind ordinarily carried on
for profit or to perform particular services for its members or individual persons as distinguished from activities
to improve the business conditions and lawful interests of all of its members.
Purpose of Standards
1) Hydraulic Institute Standards are adopted in the public interest and are designed to help eliminate misun-
derstandings between the manufacturer, the purchaser and/or the user and to assist the purchaser in
selecting and obtaining the proper product for a particular need.
2) Use of Hydraulic Institute Standards is completely voluntary. Existence of Hydraulic Institute Standards
does not in any respect preclude a member from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to the
Standards.
Definition of a Standard of the Hydraulic Institute

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Quoting from Article XV, Standards, of the By-Laws of the Institute, Section B:
“An Institute Standard defines the product, material, process or procedure with reference to one or more of the fol-
lowing: nomenclature, composition, construction, dimensions, tolerances, safety, operating characteristics, perfor-
mance, quality, rating, testing and service for which designed."
Comments from users

Comments from users of this standard will be appreciated, to help the Hydraulic Institute prepare even more useful
future editions. Questions arising from the content of this standard may be sent to the Technical Director of the
Hydraulic Institute. The inquiry will then be directed to the appropriate technical committee for provision of a suit-
able answer.
If a dispute arises regarding the content of an Institute Standard or an answer provided by the Institute to a ques-
tion such as indicated above, the point in question shall be sent in writing to the Technical Director of the Hydraulic
Institute, who shall initiate the Appeals Process.
Revisions
The Standards of the Hydraulic Institute are subject to constant review, and revisions are undertaken whenever it is
found necessary because of new developments and progress in the art. If no revisions are made for five years, the
standards are reaffirmed using the ANSI canvass procedure.
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Units of measurement
Metric units of measurement are used; and corresponding US customary units appear in brackets. Charts, graphs,
and sample calculations are also shown in both metric and US customary units. Since values given in metric units
are not exact equivalents to values given in US customary units, it is important that the selected units of measure to
be applied be stated in reference to this standard. If no such statement is provided, metric units shall govern.
Consensus
Consensus for this standard was achieved by use of the canvass method. The following organizations, recognized
as having an interest in the Rotary Pump Standard, were contacted prior to the approval of this revision of the stan-
dard. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the pro-
posed standard to ANSI.
A.W. Chesterton Las Vegas Valley Water District

Baldor Electric Company LyondellBasell
Bechtel Power Corp. Malcolm Pirnie
Black & Veatch Corp. McFarland - Tritan LLC
Colfax Corporation Moyno, Inc.
DuPont National Pump Company
Flowserve Corporation Patterson Pump Company
FSA Sulzer Pumps US Inc.
GIW Industries Taco, Inc.
Healy Engineering, Inc. Union Sanitary District
J.A.S. Solutions Ltd. Weir Floway, Inc.
Kemet, Inc. Weir Minerals North America
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Committee Members
Although this standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Canvass Method, a working com-
mittee met many times to facilitate its development. At the time it was developed, the committee had the following
members:
Chairmen – John W. Owen, IMO Pump
Alan G. Wild, Consultant - Moyno, Inc.
Committee Members Company

Randolph K. Bennett Leistritz Corporation
Todd E. Brown Moyno, Inc.
James B. Casey Milton Roy Americas
Trygve Dahl Intelliquip, LLC
David G. McKinstry IMO Pump
Michael L. Mueller Flowserve Pump Division
Manor M. Parikh Siemens Water Technologies
John E. Purcell Roper Pump Company
James K. Simonelli Roper Pump Company
Fred F. Walker Weir Floway, Inc.
Other contributors
Name Company
Fred Buse Consultant
Michael Mulcahy Tuthill Pump Group
Kathy Parry formerly of Tuthill Pump Group
Dan Ross formerly of Tuthill Pump Group
vi Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved

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HI Rotary Pump Tests — 2010
3.6
HI Rotary Pump Tests
Rotary pump tests
This standard recognizes various performance test levels designed to permit a reasonable selection of tests, toler-
ances, and accuracy requirements appropriate for the application and the customer’s needs.
Tests of rotary pumps that conform to the requirements of this standard shall be designated as tests conducted in
accordance with the Hydraulic Institute Test Standards. Types of performance tests are defined in Section 3.6.2.
These standards apply to rotary pump tests only, unless stated otherwise. Recorded data and the final report may
include information on drives and auxiliary equipment, and must be identified as such.
The type of test performed and the auxiliary equipment to be used (purchaser’s driver, gearbox, etc.) should be
agreed on in writing by all interested parties before the test.
It is the intent of this standard to offer testing procedures to be used by all testing facilities. It is not the intent to limit
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or restrict tests to only those described herein. Variations in test procedures may exist without violating the intent of
this standard. Exceptions may be taken to the provisions of this standard if properly agreed on by the parties
involved without sacrificing the validity of the applicable parts of the standard.
Because pumps are used to handle different liquids or liquid/solid mixtures, it is necessary to limit this standard to
the testing of pumps with readily available test liquids. For other than normal test liquids, some methods and proce-
dures not outlined herein may be required.
The objective of the standard is to establish a uniform demonstration of a pump’s ability to perform satisfactorily
both mechanically and hydraulically. The quantitative values observed and recorded will depend on the type of test
specified. The quantitative indices are the same for a particular type of test no matter what type of pump is speci-
fied.
3.6.1 Scope
This standard recognizes four types of performance tests for rotary pumps and provides procedures for conducting
and reporting test data. The test levels have been designed to permit selection of tolerances and accuracy appro-
priate for the application and the customer’s needs. It does not include vibration or acoustical testing.
3.6.2 Type of performance test
The test types below apply to tests on liquids.
I II III IV
Internal quality- Rpm Rpm Rpm
assurance test Pressure Pressure Pressure
Power Rate of Flow Rate of Flow
Power
Type III and IV have two levels of acceptance for the quantitative values. The level of test is to be Level A unless
otherwise specified by the user. Refer to Sections 3.6.5.4 and 3.6.5.5.
Optional tests: Hydrostatic test and net positive inlet pressure required test are separate tests and are described in
Sections 3.6.6 and 3.6.7.
3.6.3 Net positive inlet pressure required (NPIPR)
NPIPR is the pressure required, above liquid vapor pressure (bubble point), to fill each pumping chamber or cavity
while open to the inlet chamber. It is measured at the pump inlet and is expressed in bara (psia).
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NPIPR for a rotary pump is difficult to establish with precision because of compounding external influences of fluid
properties and dissolved and entrained gas, all of which affect measured NPIPR. The level of dissolved gas is a
function of the fluid and its temperature. The level of dissolved gas is also a function of system design operation.
Many liquids handled by rotary pumps have an unpredictable or very low vapor pressure (bubble point). Most of
these liquids also have entrained and dissolved gas (frequently air). The practical effect of dissolved and entrained
gas is to increase the NPIPR in order to suppress the symptoms of cavitation. While true cavitation occurs if the liq-
uid pressure falls below its vapor pressure during filling of the pump cavities, most of the cavitation symptoms will
be exhibited before reaching liquid vapor pressure. This is largely due to the entrained and dissolved gas expand-
ing when subjected to reduced pressure.
Normal NPIPR tests are conducted in a test environment that minimizes entrained gas. NPIPR can be established
at the first indication of any of the following:
a) A 5% reduction in rate of flow at constant differential pressure and speed.
b) A 5% reduction in power consumption at constant differential pressure and speed.
c) The inability to maintain a stable differential pressure.
d) The onset of loud or erratic noise when these criteria are previously agreed on by all parties.
Reports of NPIPR tests shall state the criteria used to establish NPIPR.
3.6.4 Terminology
The following terms, symbols, units, abbreviations, and definitions are used to designate test parameters or are
used in connection with pump testing. For symbols and terminology, and subscripts, refer to Tables 3.6.4a and
3.6.4b, respectively.
3.6.4.1 Rated condition point
Rated condition point applies to the operating conditions, rate of flow, pressure, viscosity, speed, and power, and is
to be confirmed by performance testing.
3.6.4.2 Displacement (D)
The displacement of a rotary pump is the volume displaced per revolution of the rotor(s). It may be calculated from
the physical dimensions of the pumping elements, or it may be determined empirically as the volume of fluid
pumped per revolution at zero differential pressure. In pumps incorporating one or more rotors operating at differ-
ent speeds, it is the volume displaced per revolution of the driving rotor. The standard unit of displacement is cubic
centimeter (cubic inch) per revolution. A variable displacement pump shall be rated at its maximum displacement.
3.6.4.3 Rate of flow (Q)
The rate of flow of a rotary pump is the volumetric quantity of fluid actually delivered per unit of time, including both
the liquid and any dissolved or entrained gases, at stated operating conditions.
In the absence of any vapor entering or forming within the pump, rate of flow is equal to the volume displaced per
unit of time, less slip.
3.6.4.4 Speed (n)

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The speed of a rotary pump is the number of revolutions per minute of the rotor(s). In pumps incorporating two or
more rotating elements operating at different speeds, it is the speed of the driving rotor.
2 Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved

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3.6.4.5 Slip (S)
Slip is the quantity of fluid that leaks through internal clearances of a pump per unit of time. It is dependent on the
internal clearances, the differential pressure, the characteristics of the fluid handled, and, in some rare cases, on
the speed.
Slip is determined from the following equation:
(Metric units) S = ⎛ ---------------------------⎞ – Q

Dn
⎝ 16.7 × 10 3⎠
(US customary units) S = ⎛ ----------⎞ – Q

Dn
⎝ 231⎠
3.6.4.6 Pump volumetric efficiency (ηv)
The pump volumetric efficiency is ratio of the actual pump rate of flow to the volume displaced per unit of time. The
formula for computing volumetric efficiency in percent is:
16.7 × 10 3 Q
(Metric units) η v = -------------------------------- × 100
Dn
231Q
(US customary units) η v = --------------- × 100
Dn
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3.6.4.7 Pressure (p)
Pressure is the compressive stress in a liquid at a given point. It has the units of force per unit area. Pressure mea-
surements relative to atmosphere will be positive or negative.
3.6.4.8 Absolute pressure (pa)
The absolute pressure (pa) is the algebraic sum of gauge pressure (pg) and barometric pressure (pb) and may be
defined as pressure above zero pressure absolute.
Table 3.6.4a — Symbols and terminology
US Conversion
Symbol Term Metric Unit Abbr. Customary Unit Abbr. Factora
A Area square millimeters mm2 square inches in2 645.2
D Displacement cubic centimeters/revolution cm3/rev cubic inches/revolution in3/rev 16.39
d Diameter millimeters mm inches in 25.4
Δ (delta) Difference dimensionless — dimensionless — 1
η (eta) Efficiency percent % percent % 1
F Force newtons N pounds-force lbf 4.448
g Gravitational meters/second squared m/s2 feet/second squared ft/s2 0.3048
acceleration
γ (gamma) Specific weight kilonewtons/cubic meter kN/m3 pounds/cubic foot lb/ft3 0.157
h Head meters m feet ft 0.3048
n Speed revolutions/minute rpm revolutions/minute rpm 1

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Table 3.6.4a — Symbols and terminology (continued)
US Conversion
Symbol Term Metric Unit Abbr. Customary Unit Abbr. Factora
NPIPA Net positive inlet bar absolute bara pounds/square inch psia 0.06895
pressure avail. absolute
NPIPR Net positive inlet bar absolute bara pounds/square inch psia 0.06895
pressure required absolute
ν (nu) Kinematic viscosity millimeters squared/second mm2/s Saybolt Seconds SSU 0.216 @
(centistoke) Universalb 100 °F
and > 70
cSt (325
SSU)c
π pi = 3.1416 dimensionless — dimensionless — 1
p Pressure bar bar pounds/square inch psi 0.06895
P Power kilowatts kW horsepower hp 0.7457
Q Rate of flow cubic meters/hour m3 /h US gallons/minute gpm 0.2271
(capacity)
s Specific gravity dimensionless — dimensionless — 1
S Slip cubic meters/hour m3/h US gallons/minute gpm 0.2271
t Temperature degrees Celsius °C degrees °F 5
(°F–32) × ---
Fahrenheit 9
τ (tau) Torque newton-meters N•m pound-feet lb•ft 1.356
v Velocity meters/second m/s feet/second ft/s 0.3048
x Exponent none none none none 1
Z Elevation of gauge meters m feet ft 0.3048
(distance above or
below datum)
a
Conversion factor × US customary units = metric units.
b
mm2/s = cSt. SSU is the common US customary unit and conversion factor instructions are given.
c
Refer to ASTM 2161 for < 70 cSt (< 325 SSU).
Table 3.6.4b — Subscripts
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Subscript Term Subscript Term
a Absolute mot Motor
b Barometric OA Overall unit
d Outlet (discharge) p Pump
g Gauge s Inlet (suction)
im Intermediate mechanism t Theoretical
m Metering v Velocity, volumetric
max Maximum vp Vapor pressure
min Minimum w Water

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3.6.4.9 Gauge pressure (pg)
The pressure energy of the liquid determined by a pressure gauge or other pressure-measuring device relative to
atmospheric pressure at the test site. The barometric pressure (pb) shall be zero gauge pressure.
3.6.4.10 Datum
The pump’s datum is the reference plane or centerline of the pump inlet from which the elevations of gauges and
NPIP are measured. The datum serves as the reference of pressure measurements taken during test.
3.6.4.11 Elevation pressure (pZ)
The potential energy of the liquid due to the elevation of the gauge or liquid surface above the datum, expressed as
equivalent pressure. It is positive when the gauge is above the datum and negative when the gauge is below the
datum.
(Metric units) p z = ± 9.8 × 10 –2 sZ
(US customary units) p z = ± 0.433sZ
3.6.4.12 Elevation head (Z)
The vertical distance from the centerline of the pressure gauge or liquid surface to the datum.
3.6.4.13 Velocity pressure (pv)
The velocity pressure is the kinetic energy of the liquid flow expressed in equivalent pressure. It is defined by the
expression:
–2
9.8 × 10 sv 2
(Metric units) p v = ------------------------------------
2g
0.433sv 2
(US customary units) p v = ------------------------
2g
Where:
s = specific gravity of the fluid pumped
v2/2g = velocity head, in meters (feet)
0.433s = the conversion factor for feet of water to psi of liquid pumped.
9.8 × 10–2s = the conversion factor for meters of water to bar of liquid pumped.
In the following expression, the mean velocity (v) is calculated for flow in the pipe where the gauge is connected:
278Q 354Q
(Metric units) v = --------------- = ---------------
A d2
0.321Q 0.4085Q
(US customary units) v = -------------------- = -----------------------
A d2
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Where:
d = inside diameter of the pipe
A = inside cross-sectional area of the pipe
3.6.4.14 Outlet (discharge) pressure (pd)
The discharge pressure at the pump outlet is the algebraic sum of the measured gauge pressure (pg), the velocity
pressure (pv) at the point of gauge attachment, and the elevation pressure (pz) from the discharge gauge centerline
to the pump datum.
pd = pgd + pv + pz
v d2
(Metric units) p d = p gd + 9.8 × 10 – 2 s Z d + ------
-
2g
v d2
(US customary units) p d = p gd + 0.433s Z d + ------
-
2g
For tests, pd is equal to gauge pressure at the pump outlet, which is pgd, providing the gauge is within ± 0.75 m (2.5
ft) elevation of the inlet gauge and pipe velocity is less than 4.5 m/s (15 ft/s).
The measuring section should be located in the outlet pipe immediately after the pump outlet connection.
3.6.4.15 Maximum allowable working pressure
The maximum allowable working pressure is established by the manufacturer and is the maximum allowable differ-
ence between the absolute pressure of the liquid at the outlet port and the absolute ambient pressure at maximum
expected operating temperature.
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3.6.4.16 Inlet (suction) pressure (ps)
The inlet pressure is the algebraic sum of the gauge pressure, the velocity pressure, and the elevation pressure as
measured at the pump inlet:
v s2
(Metric units) p s = p gs + 9.8 × 10 – 2 s Z s + ------
-
2g
v s2
(US customary units) p s = p gs + 0.433s Z s + ------
-
2g
For the tests, ps is equal to gauge pressure at the pump inlet, which is pgs, providing the gauge is within ± 0.75 m
(2.5 ft) elevation of the outlet gauge and pipe velocity is less than 4.5 m/s (15 ft/s).
The symbol ps may be positive or negative with reference to atmospheric pressure and may, therefore, have posi-
tive or negative values. The symbol is called inlet pressure when positive and inlet vacuum when negative. The
measuring section should be located in the inlet pipe immediately before the pump inlet connection.
3.6.4.17 Maximum allowable inlet working pressure
The maximum allowable inlet working pressure is established by the manufacturer and is the maximum allowable
difference between the absolute pressure of the fluid at the inlet port and the absolute ambient pressure at the
specified temperature. It is typically based on the pump’s design limits.

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3.6.4.18 Differential pressure (Δp)
The differential pressure is the algebraic difference of the outlet pressure and inlet pressure, with terms expressed
in like units:
Δp = pd – ps
3.6.4.19 Maximum differential pressure (Δpmax)
The maximum differential pressure is the maximum algebraic difference between the pressure of the fluid at the
outlet port and pressure of the fluid at the inlet port with terms in like units.
3.6.4.20 Net positive inlet pressure available (NPIPA)
The net positive inlet pressure available is the difference in bar (psi) between the algebraic sum of the inlet pres-
sure and barometric pressure at the test site minus the vapor pressure of the liquid at inlet temperature. NPIPA
must always exceed NPIPR (see Section 3.6.4.21) for satisfactory pump operation. Note: net positive suction head
available (NPSHA) is often used and is normally expressed in meters (feet). It is the nominal equivalent of NPIPA
with appropriate unit conversions.
NPIPA = ps + pb – pvp
3.6.4.21 Net positive inlet pressure required (NPIPR)
The net positive inlet pressure required is the minimum allowable difference in bar (psi) between the pressure of
the liquid at the pump inlet and the vapor pressure of the liquid at pump inlet temperature to avoid cavitation during
operation. It is determined by the manufacturer and can be verified by optional test (see Section 3.6.7).
3.6.4.22 Power (P)
Power is the work requirement per unit of time to operate the pump.
3.6.4.23 Total input power (Pmot)
The total input power is the power required by the pump motor or prime mover under stated operating conditions of
the pump. It is sometimes called driver power or motor power.
3.6.4.24 Pump input power (Pp)
The pump input power (sometimes called brake horsepower) is the power delivered to the pump driveshaft, under
stated operating conditions of the pump. It is less than the total input power by the amount of power loss in the
driver and transmission devices.
3.6.4.25 Pump output power (Pw)
The pump output power is the power imparted by the pump to the liquid discharged from the pump, under stated
operating conditions of the pump. It is frequently called liquid, water, or hydraulic horsepower. It is less than the
pump input power by the amount of power loss in the pump.
Q × Δp
(Metric units) P w = -----------------
36
Q × Δp
(US customary units) P w = -----------------
1714

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Provided by IHS
3.6.4.26 Motor efficiency (ηmot)
The motor efficiency is the ratio of the driver output power to the total input power, expressed as a percent.
3.6.4.27 Overall efficiency (ηOA)
The overall efficiency is the ratio of the pump output power (Pw) to the total input power (Pmot). It is sometimes
called overall unit efficiency or unit efficiency.
The formula for computing overall efficiency as a percent is:
Pw
η OA = ------------ × 100
P mot
3.6.4.28 Pump efficiency (ηp)
The pump efficiency is the ratio of the pump output power (Pw) to the pump input power (Pp).
The formula for computing pump efficiency as a percent is:
Pw
η p = ------- × 100
Pp
3.6.4.29 Specific weight (γ)
The specific weight of a liquid is the weight per unit volume.
3.6.4.30 Specific gravity (s)
The specific gravity of a liquid is a dimensionless ratio of its specific weight to the specific weight of water at 20 °C
(68 °F).
3.6.5 Performance test
3.6.5.1 Acceptance
Pumps must be closely checked for satisfactory mechanical operation during performance testing. The degree and
extent of such checking is independent of the test type and acceptance level.
3.6.5.2 Witnessing of tests
The purchaser or designated representative may witness the test if specified in the purchase order.
3.6.5.3 Acceptance level
Level A is the normal level of acceptance for test with this standard and will apply unless otherwise specified.
Level B will apply when specified by the purchaser.
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Provided by IHS
3.6.5.4 Acceptable deviation of independent test quantities from specified values at the test parameters
Level A Level B
(Normal) (When specified)
Outlet gauge pressure ± 1% ± 1%
Inlet gauge pressure ± 5% ± 5%
Speed ± 2% ± 2%
Viscosity ± 7.5% ± 5%
3.6.5.5 Acceptable deviation of dependent test quantities from specified values for Type III and Type IV
testing
Level A Level B
(Normal) (When specified)
Rated flow rate (metric): 100 100
+ ----------------------------------------------- % + -------------------------------------------- %
(Q = m3/h) 1 + ( 4.4033Q ) 0.33 1 + ( 4.4033Q ) 0.4
–0 –0
Rated flow rate (US units): 100 100
+ ------------------------ % + --------------------- %
(Q = gpm) 1 + Q 0.33 1 + Q 0.4
–0 –0
a
Pump input power (pp) +0 +0
Total input powera (pmot) +0 +0
a
When adjusted to rated pressure, speed, and viscosity.
3.6.5.6 Instrumentation
Test instrumentation should be sufficient to adequately measure relevant test conditions for the specified level of
testing. Instrument accuracy requirements are defined in Section 3.6.5.6.1. Level A instruments need not be cali-
brated specifically for each test but are to be periodically calibrated as noted by the manufacturer. Level B instru-
ments are to be calibrated as specified in Section 3.6.13. Description and setup of commonly used instruments can
be found in Sections 3.6.8 through 3.6.12.
Gauges should be selected such that the anticipated reading is approximately mid-range with graduations no more
than two times the minimum required reading so that the gauge reading between graduations can be interpreted as
one half the graduation.
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3.6.5.6.1 Fluctuation and accuracy (see Section 3.6.5.7.3)
Acceptable fluctuations of mean test Accuracy of the mean test reading as a ±

readings as a ± percentage percentage
Level A B A B
Rate of flow 4 1 2 1
Pressure Outlet 5 5 4 1
or head Inlet 6 5 2 1
Pump input power 2 2 1.5 1.0
Total input power 2 2 1.5 1.5
Pump speed 1 1 1 1
Temperature 1.7 °C (3 °F) 1.7 °C (3 °F) 1 1

Provided by IHS
3.6.5.7 Test setup and procedure
3.6.5.7.1 Setup
This section contains general guidelines for pump test setup, to ensure accurate and repeatable test results.
The test setup shall include provision to vary inlet and outlet pressures and to measure the following:
• Liquid temperature at the pump inlet
• Pressure at the pump inlet and outlet
• Rate of flow (Types III and IV)
• Pump speed
• Pump input power (Type IV)
• Total input power (Type IV)
Careful inspection shall be made before, during, and after the test to ensure the proper operation of the pump and
measuring instruments. Instruments for measurement must not affect the pump performance.
The pump test may use, but is not limited to, the following:
a) The baseplate or foundation. This should be rigid enough to maintain the alignment between the pump, driver,
and inlet and outlet piping.
b) Facility or purchaser-furnished driver. Efficiency data may be required, depending on the method used to mea-
sure pump input power.
c) Facility or purchaser-furnished speed-reduction unit, if required. Efficiency data may be required to accurately
establish pump input power.
d) Dampening devices may be used for the inlet and outlet pressure-measuring instruments, such as needle
valves or capillary tubes, to dampen out the pressure pulsations at the pressure-measuring instruments.
e) An inlet and outlet stabilizer (pulsation dampener) may be used.
f) A means for measuring input power to the pump shall be provided, when required by the test level, suitable for
measuring the complete range of power.
g) A means for measuring pump speed shall be provided, such as a revolution counter or timer, tachometer, fre-
quency-response device, or stroboscope.
h) A means for measuring the temperature of the test liquid shall be provided.
i) The actual dimensions of the suction and discharge openings where pressure readings are to be taken shall be
determined, so that proper velocity pressure corrections can be made.
A typical test setup is shown in Figure 3.6.5.7.1. Note: Not all equipment shown is required for each test.
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Provided by IHS
3.6.5.7.2 Conditions
The important factors affecting test results are:
• Inlet conditions: Specified inlet conditions shall be simulated as closely as the test facility’s equipment permits.
• Outlet pressure: The outlet pressure shall be as specified. When it is not possible to obtain the specified pres-
sure, the test data shall be extrapolated to the specified outlet pressure in accordance with the procedures
unique to the product being tested.
• Speed: The pump speed shall be as specified. When it is not possible to obtain the specified speed, correc-
tions to the rate of flow and input power to correspond to the specified speed shall be made (see Correction to
specified speed, Section 3.6.5.9.5).
• Liquid temperature, viscosity, and specific gravity: Test shall be made using Newtonian liquids, such as clean
oil or clear water, at the liquid temperature, viscosity, and specific gravity available at the test site.
The variety and characteristics of the fluids handled by rotary pumps make it impractical and, in many cases,
impossible for the pump manufacturer to provide specified fluids for tests.
The quantities required to verify the rated conditions may be measured under conditions more or less different from
the rated conditions. If actual test conditions vary from rated conditions, actual test data should be corrected to be
the equivalent of rated conditions.
Outlet stabilizer
Pressure gauge
(optional)
Temperature instrumentation
Dampening device Safety relief valve
Valve for throttling (required on positive
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suction displacement pumps)
Flowmeter if location Inlet stabilizer Pressure instrumentation

is in suction (optional)
Dampening device
Pump
on
test Discharge control
Suction device
Baffle Preferred
flowmeter location
Heat exchanger
if required Alternate heat
exchanger location
Discharge
Open or closed tank
Figure 3.6.5.7.1 — Recommended test setup

Provided by IHS
3.6.5.7.3 Procedure
Data, where applicable, shall be obtained prior to the test run. See Table 3.6.5.7.3 for test tabulation sheet.
Table 3.6.5.7.3 — Test tabulation
Item Measurement Metric units US units Data points

1 Reading number
2 Pump speed rpm rpm
3 Inlet pressure bar psig or in Hg
4 Outlet pressure bar psig
5 Differential pressure bar psi
6 Barometric pressure bara psia
7 Elevation of gauges from m (+ or –) ft (+ or –)
datum
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8 Specific gravity
9 Rate of flow m3/h gpm
10 Liquid description — —
11 Liquid temperature at °C °F
pipe inlet
12 Liquid specific weight kN/m3 lb/ft3
13 Liquid (kinematic) mm2/s SSU
viscosity
14 Torque N•m lb•ft
15 Pump output power kW hp
16 Pump input power kW hp
17 Pump efficiency % %
Typically, the prerun data may include:
a) Record of pump type, size, and serial number.
b) Temperature of the liquid, taken before and after testing to verify liquid viscosity, vapor pressure, and specific
gravity.
c) Record of critical installation dimensions such as tank internal dimensions, pipe internal dimensions and
lengths, and liquid levels (submergence) relative to datum.
d) Record of driver data, such as type, serial number, power, speed range, amperage, voltage, and efficiency.
e) Record of auxiliary equipment.
f) Instrument calibration records and correction factors.

Provided by IHS
g) Identity of test personnel.
h) The actual dimension of the areas where pressure readings are to be taken. This shall be determined so that
proper velocity head corrections can be made.
Collection of Level B test data shall not commence until a satisfactory preliminary run has been made to ensure the
proper operation of the pump and test equipment and the correct routine of observations has been established.
The test shall begin only when steady test conditions have been established, as determined by acceptable fluctua-
tions per Section 3.6.5.6.1. Steady test conditions must be held throughout the duration of the test.
Test measurements shall be sufficiently accurate and consistent to fall within acceptable accuracy deviation and
fluctuation ranges.
All quantities determined from a series of readings shall be the average of observations made at equal time inter-
vals. Errors detected in results computed during the test must be immediately corrected. Errors detected in results
computed after the test may be just cause for retest. Complete records of all collected data and computed results
shall be furnished to all parties to the test.
A standard test shall consist of operation at one or more test points (Types I and II) or three or more test points
(Types III and IV). The speed, liquid temperature, and inlet and outlet pressures shall be adjusted to the test condi-
tions, with rate of flow (Types III and IV) and power readings recorded (Type IV).
For pumps operating at constant speed, the speed shall be maintained constant within the slip limits of the motor,
and the pump shall be operated at additional values of outlet pressure, with rate of flow and power readings
recorded for each.
For pumps operating at variable speeds, the outlet pressure shall be maintained constant, and the pump shall be
operated at additional speed values, with rate of flow and power readings recorded for each if specified by pur-
chaser.
3.6.5.8 Records
Complete written or computer records shall be kept of all information relevant to a test and retained on file, avail-
able to the purchaser, if specified, from the test facility, for five years.
The manufacturer’s serial number, type, and size, or other means of identification of each pump and driver involved
in the test shall be recorded to avoid mistakes in identity.
While these records apply to the complete unit including the driver, the standard itself applies only to test of the
pump.
3.6.5.8.1 Type I test
Complete written or computer records shall be kept of all information relevant to a test and retained on file at the
test facility, and be made available to the purchaser, if specified, from the test facility for a period of five years. Test
data are not furnished to the purchaser.
3.6.5.8.2 Type II test
Type II test is a running test to confirm the ability of the specific pump to perform mechanically at the speed and
pressure established by the contract. A certificate of compliance shall be given to purchaser.
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Provided by IHS
3.6.5.8.3 Types III and IV tests
Type III and Type IV running tests are more extensive and may have data sets similar to Table 3.6.5.7.3 furnished to
purchaser.
3.6.5.9 Calculations
3.6.5.9.1 Differential pressure
Δp = pd – ps
3.6.5.9.2 Input power
If input to the pump has been read in speed and torque units, then the formula for pump input power (Pp) is:
nτ
(Metric units) P p = -------------
9549
nτ
(US customary units) P p = -------------
5252
See Section 3.6.10 for more information.
3.6.5.9.3 Output power
If pump efficiency is to be plotted, pump output (hydraulic) power must be calculated. The formula for pump output
power (Pw) is:
(Metric units) Q × Δp
P w = -----------------
36
Q × Δp
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(US customary units) P w = -----------------

1714
3.6.5.9.4 Efficiency
The formula for pump efficiency (ηp) as a percent is:
Pw
η p = ------- × 100
Pp
3.6.5.9.5 Correction to specified speed
Where specified speed cannot be attained during a test, corrections to rate of flow and pump power input shall be
made by using methods given as follows. These corrections should be limited to speeds within 50% of the specified
speed.

Provided by IHS
Correction to rate of flow:
At any value of differential pressure with constant viscosity, rate of flow will vary as:
n2
Q 2 = ------ ( Q 1 + S ) – S
n1
Where:
Q1 = Rate of flow at test speed
Q2 = Rate of flow at specified speed
n1 = Test speed, in rpm
n2 = Specified speed, in rpm
S = Slip
The value of pump displacement used to determine slip is to be furnished by the manufacturer.
Correction to power:
2
n2 n2 x
P 2 = Pt ⎛ ------⎞ + ( P 1 – P t ) ⎛ ------⎞
⎝ n 1⎠ ⎝ n 1⎠ 1.8
Where: 1.6
P2 = Input power at specified speed

1.4
n 1.5
P1 = Input power at test speed ⎛ -----2-⎞
⎝ n 1⎠
1.2
n2 = Specified speed, in rpm
n1 = Test speed, in rpm 1
Pt = Theoretical output power at test speed or:

0.8
⎛ --------------------------
Dn -⎞
( Δp )
⎝ 16.7 × 10 3⎠ 0.6
(Metric units) P t = --------------------------------------------- 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
36
n2
------
⎛ ---------
Dn ⎞ n1
- ( Δp )
⎝ 231⎠
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(US customary units) P t = ---------------------------- Figure 3.6.5.9.5 — Speed correction

1714
values for pump input power for x = 1.5
n2 x
Values of ⎛ ------⎞ are given in Figure 3.6.5.9.5 for x = 1.5.
⎝ n 1⎠
The speed correction exponent x for horsepower, which is typically between 1.25 and 2.05, is design dependent.
Refer to the manufacturer for recommendation of appropriate exponent based on previous tests at two or more
speeds of similar design pumps.

Provided by IHS
3.6.5.10 Presentation of results
For Level B, corrections must be made to inlet and outlet pressure measurements before presenting results. After
corrections, differential pressure is computed. Presented results shall depict adjusted values of rate of flow and
power where adjustments are required.
Performance may be presented at constant speed, as shown in Figure 3.6.5.10a, or at constant pressure, as
shown in Figure 3.6.5.10b.
3.6.5.11 Report of test for Types III and IV
3.6.5.11.1 Level A test
A performance curve meets Level A requirements and shall be furnished if specified.
3.6.5.11.2 Level B test
All parties to the test shall be furnished a copy of the following documents that constitute the Report of Test:
a) A general information data sheet that lists pertinent general information and data not recorded during the per-
formance test. Typical data that may appear on the general information data sheet are listed in Figure
3.6.5.11.2.
b) Specifications of measuring instruments shall be given when requested.
c) A performance test data sheet with record of all data taken during the performance test along with calculated
values and adjusted calculated values shall be provided when requested.
d) A performance curve indicating 1) rate of flow, efficiency, and power versus differential pressure at constant
speed or 2) rate of flow, efficiency (when required), and power versus speed at constant differential pressure
shall be prepared for Type IV tests.
Rate of flow (Q)
Rate of flow (Q)

Rate of flow (Q)
Rate of flow (Q)
Efficiency ηp
Efficiency (ηp), %
y ηp
ienc
Power input (Pp)
Effic
Efficiency (ηp), %
Power input (Pp)
Pp)
input ( Power input (Pp)
Power
Differential pressure Δp Speed (n), rpm
Figure 3.6.5.10a — Pump performance at Figure 3.6.5.10b — Pump performance at

constant speed constant pressure

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Provided by IHS
General Data
1) Date of test ______________________________________________________________________
2) Location ________________________________________________________________________
3) Manufacturer ____________________________________________________________________
4) Purchaser _______________________________________________________________________
5) Test conducted by Test witnessed by ______________________
6) Pump size, type, model number ______________________________________________________
7) Pump serial number _______________________________________________________________
8) Driver manufacturer, size, type, hp, speed, characteristics (voltage, frequency, phase) calibration data
___________________________________________________________________________________
9) Driver serial number _______________________________________________________________
10) Intermediate mechanism, manufactured by, type, serial number, speed ratio, efficiency _________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Test information
Pressure (all tests):
11) Method of measuring pressure ______________________________________________________
12) Pressure instrument description _____________________________________________________
inlet make calibration data S/N _______________
outlet make calibration data S/N _______________
Rate of flow (Type III and IV):
13) Method of measuring flow rate ______________________________________________________
14) Flow rate instrument description ____________________________________________________
flow stabilizer type _______________________________
Power (Type IV only):
15) Method of measuring power ________________________________________________________
16) Power instrument description _______________________________________________________
Temperature (all tests):
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17) Method of measuring temperature ___________________________________________________
18) Temperature instrument description __________________________________________________
Speed (all tests):
19) Method of measuring speed ________________________________________________________
20) Make and serial number of instrument ________________________________________________
21) Calibration data _________________________________________________________________
22) Other conditions not noted above ___________________________________________________
Specified conditions
23) Liquid pumped specific gravity _______________________
temperature vapor pressure ___________________________________
liquid viscosity at pumping temperature ___________________________________________________
24) Pump speed, rpm ________________________________________________________________
25) Net inlet pressure ________________________________________________________________
26) Outlet pressure __________________________________________________________________
27) Differential pressure ______________________________________________________________
28) Rate of flow (Types III and IV only) (specify) _____________
29) Pump output power (Type IV only) ___________________________________________________
30) Pump input power (Type IV only) maximum power specified __________________
31) Pump efficiency (Type IV only) ______________________________________________________
Figure 3.6.5.11.2 — Information data sheet

Provided by IHS
Depending on variables such as specified conditions, type of pump, etc., the manufacturer may choose to combine
the general information data sheet and the performance test data sheet into a single form. Such a combined form
must, however, list all data pertinent to the conduct and results of the test.
When a performance test deviates from the provision of this standard per mutual agreement of the contracting par-
ties, the Report of Test shall include a written report on the deviations.
3.6.6 Hydrostatic test (optional)
The object of the hydrostatic test is to demonstrate that the pump will not leak or fail structurally when subjected to
hydrostatic pressure. For purposes of this requirement, the containment of liquid means only prevention of its
escape through the external surfaces of the pump, normally to atmosphere.
3.6.6.1 Test parameters
Components or assembled pumps: The test shall be conducted on either the liquid-containing components or the
assembled pump in accordance with the manufacturer’s standard procedures.
Components: The test shall be conducted on the liquid-containing components. Where appreciable pressure gra-
dient exists across the part, care must be taken not to impose excessive pressure on areas designed for lower-
pressure operation.
Assembled pump: The test shall be conducted on the entire liquid-containing area of the pump, but care must be
taken not to impose excessive pressure on areas such as low-pressure sections or mechanical seal areas.
Test pressure: Normal test pressure shall be 1.5 times the maximum allowable working pressure, but no less than
3.5 bar (51 psig).
Test duration: Test pressure shall be maintained for a sufficient period of time to permit complete examination of
the parts under pressure. The hydrostatic test should be considered satisfactory when no leaks or structural fail-
ures are observed for a minimum of five minutes.
Temperature correction: If the part tested is to operate at a temperature at which the strength of material is below
the strength of the material at room temperature, then the hydrostatic test pressure should be multiplied by a factor
obtained by dividing the allowable working stress for the material at room temperature by that at operating temper-
ature. This pressure thus obtained will then be the minimum pressure at which hydrostatic pressure should be per-
formed. The data sheet should list the actual hydrostatic test pressure and test temperature.
3.6.6.2 Test procedure
Items to be tested shall have all the openings adequately sealed. Provisions shall be made to vent all the air at the
highest point on the item. The item shall be filled with the test liquid pressurized and the test pressure shall be
maintained for the duration of the test. No leakage through the item tested shall be visible; however, leakage
through stuffing-box packing shall be permitted.
3.6.6.3 Records
Complete written or computer records of all relevant information should be kept on file, available to the purchaser
by the test facility for five years.
This information should include:
a) Identification of model, size, serial number, and/or component part number.
b) Test liquid.

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Provided by IHS
c) Hydrostatic test pressure, temperature, and test duration.
d) Identification of the individual responsible for recording the test results.
e) Date of test.
3.6.7 Net positive inlet pressure required test (optional)
The object is to provide a basic test method to determine the NPIPR for a rotary pump when tested at the manufac-
turer’s facility under test conditions.
Alternate test methods are available that can provide equally satisfactory results; however, no alternate test meth-
ods are described herein.
3.6.7.1 Test equipment
a) Test circuit: The test circuit shall be similar to Figure 3.6.5.7.1.
b) Liquid: A liquid such as water or a petroleum-base liquid with known characteristics may be used. Liquids
used shall have predictable vapor pressure.
c) Liquid conditions: Liquid viscosity, specific gravity, and vapor pressure shall be as close as practical to rated
values.
d) Aeration: Liquid aeration shall be minimized by proper system design and adequate removal of air from the
system before testing. Other precautions follow:
• Submerged return lines
• Reservoir sized to allow air removal
• Control valve sized to permit achieving required pressures, positive or negative, without more than 50%
throttling
• Inlet line properly located to prevent vortexing
• Reservoir baffles to isolate inlet from return line
• Pipe joints and stuffing boxes tightened to guard against air leakage into the system
• Proper adjustment of stuffing boxes
e) Instrumentation: Refer to Sections 3.6.5.6 and 3.6.5.6.1.
3.6.7.2 Acceptable deviation of test quantities
See Sections 3.6.5.4 and 3.6.5.5.
3.6.7.3 Test procedure
The pump shall be installed on a test stand having a suitable driver, and the alignment and direction of rotation
shall be checked.

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Provided by IHS
The pump shall be operated with fixed conditions as specified below until system equilibrium is achieved and fluc-
tuations are within the limits in Section 3.6.5.6.1:
a) Differential pressure shall be held constant at rated condition or at manufacturer’s recommended alternative.
b) Fluid viscosity and temperature shall be held constant.
c) Pump speed shall be held constant.
d) Initial inlet pressure shall be atmospheric, or as low as practical and yet sufficient to obtain maximum pump
rate of flow.
The control valve located in the inlet line shall be closed gradually, and the control valve in the outlet line simulta-
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neously opened, so that the inlet pressure is incrementally reduced while the differential pressure is held constant.
This process shall be continued until the cavitation onset criteria has been met as indicated in Section 3.6.3.
3.6.7.4 Data presentation
The net positive inlet pressure required is expressed as a specific value at the fixed test conditions.
When required, curves may be generated by varying pump speed or fluid viscosity, thereby producing a series of
values for the different conditions.
3.6.8 Rate of flow measurement
Rate of flow instruments are classified into two functional groups. One group primarily measures quantity, and the
other primarily measures rate of flow.
3.6.8.1 Rate of flow measurement by weight
This is done by measuring the change in weight of a tank during a measured period of time using a liquid of known
and consistent specific gravity. The tank can be located on the inlet or discharge side of the pump, and all test liquid
transferred into or out of the test tank must pass through the test pump. To minimize test variation, test-tank size
shall be sufficient to allow at least five minutes of pump operation at test conditions.
Refer to Section 3.6.5.6.1 for allowable fluctuation and accuracy.
3.6.8.2 Rate of flow measurement by volume
This is done by measuring the change in liquid volume in a test tank or reservoir during a measured period of time.
The tank or reservoir can be located on the inlet or discharge side of the pump, and all flow in or out of the tank or
reservoir must pass through the pump.
Refer to Section 3.6.5.6.1 for allowable fluctuation and accuracy.
3.6.8.3 Other methods of measurement
When the methods of quantity measurement described above are not applicable, there are other methods not
included in this standard that may be used, subject to agreement by the interested parties in advance of a perfor-
mance test. Some of these methods are:
a) Tagging methods:
• Salt velocity

Provided by IHS
• Dye dilution
• Thermal pulse
• Neutral density immiscible particles
• Hydrogen bubble technique
b) Head meters:
• Elbow meter
• Orifice plates
• Nozzles
• Venturi meters
• Dahl tube
c) Acoustic methods:
• Doppler velocimeter
• Turbulence noise calibration
d) Electromagnetic methods:
• Magnetic induction velocimeter
• Laser doppler velocimeter
e) Hydrodynamic oscillators:
• Swirlmeter
• Vortex shedding flowmeter
• Vortex flowmeter
• Fluidic flow measurement
• Hydrodynamic oscillator flowmeter
f) Drag force meters:
• Calibrated drag body
• Weirs
• Pitot tubes
g) Positive displacement meters provide direct reading of volume measurement.

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21
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3.6.9 Measurement of pressure
The units of pressure and the definition of differential pressure

and its component parts are covered under Sections 3.6.4.9
through 3.6.4.19.
It is important that steady flow conditions exist at the point of

instrument connection. For this reason, it is necessary that pres-
sure or head measurement be taken on a section of pipe where
the cross section is constant and straight. Two diameters of
straight pipe of unvarying cross section following any elbow or
curved member, valve, or other obstruction are necessary to
ensure steady flow conditions.
Pipe friction loss between the pump discharge flange and the
point of instrument connection should be added to the outlet Figure 3.6.9a — Pressure tap opening
pressure (Pd) reading to maintain pump outlet pressure test data with corrosion-related plug
accuracy. The friction factor used for the calculation should be
based on the appropriate roughness ratios for the actual pipe
section. See Section 3.6.4.14 for the definition of the outlet pres-
sure.
The following precautions shall be taken in forming orifices for

pressure-measuring instruments and for making connections:
a) The opening in the pipe shall be perpendicular to the wall of

the liquid passage.
b) The wall of the liquid passage shall be smooth and of

unvarying cross section for a distance of at least the larger
of two pipe diameters or 300 mm (12 in) preceding the ori-
fice. All tubercles and roughness shall be removed with a file
or emery cloth.
c) The opening shall be of a diameter d from 3 to 6 mm (0.125 Figure 3.6.9b — Welded-on pressure tap
to 0.25 in) and a length equal to twice the diameter. opening
d) The edges of the opening shall be provided with a suitable

radius tangential to the wall of the liquid passage and shall
be free from burrs or irregularities. Figures 3.6.9a and 3.6.9b
show two suggested arrangements of taps or orifices in con-
formance with the above.
e) Manometers, when used on very viscous products with wet

lines interfacing directly or indirectly to the manometer,
require larger inlet taps into the pipeline to avoid excessive
lag time for fluid to stabilize in the measuring system.
Where more than one tap or orifice is required at a given mea-

suring section, separate connections, properly valved, shall be
made. As an alternative, separate instruments shall be provided.
Multiple orifices can be connected to an instrument, except on

those metering devices such as venturi meters, etc., where proper Figure 3.6.9c — Loop manifold connecting
calibrations have been made on an instrument of this form. pressure taps
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Provided by IHS
The multiple orifices can be connected to a manifold and then to an instrument. With four or more pressure read-
ings, there will be no more than 1% pressure variance between readings (see Figure 3.6.9c).
All connections or leads from the orifice tap shall be tight. These leads shall be as short and direct as possible. For
the dry-tube type of leads, suitable drain pots shall be provided and a loop shall be formed of sufficient height to
keep the pumped liquid from entering the leads. For the wet-tube type of leads, vent cocks for flushing shall be pro-
vided at any high point or loop crest to ensure that there are no leaks.
Suitable damping devices may be used in the leads.
If the conditions specified above cannot be satisfied at the point of measurement, then it is recommended that four
separate pressure taps be installed, equally spaced about the pipe, and the pressure at that section be taken as
the average of the four separate values of pressure. If the separate readings show a difference of static pressure,
such installation shall be corrected or an acceptable tolerance determined.
The following information presents suitable arrangements for various types of instruments, formulas for transform-
ing instrument readings into pressure, for expressing instrument pressure as elevation over a common datum, and
for correcting same for the velocity pressure existing in the suction and discharge pipes.
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3.6.9.1 Measurement of pressure by means of calibrated gauges
Many types of pressure indicators may be used. See Section 3.6.5.6.1 for fluctuation and accuracy requirements.
When gauge pressure is above atmospheric pressure and the connecting line is completely filled with liquid, as in
Figure 3.6.9.1, then:
v d2 ⎞
(Metric units) p d = p gd + ⎛ Z d + ------
- ( 9.8 × 10 – 2 s )
⎝ 2g⎠
v d2 ⎞
(US customary units) p d = p gd + ⎛ Z d + ------
- ( 0.433s )
⎝ 2g⎠
See Sections 3.6.4.12 and 3.6.4.13 for measurement of Z and v.
Figure 3.6.9.1 — Use of calibrated Bourdon gauge

(see Section 3.6.4.10)
3.6.10 Power measurements
Measurement of power shall be concurrent with rate of flow measurement.

Provided by IHS
Methods of measurement of input power to the pump fall into two general classes:
a) Those that determine the actual power or torque delivered to the pump and are made during the test by some
form of dynamometer or torque shaft.
b) Those that determine the input power to the driving element, taking into account the driver efficiency when
operating under specified conditions.
When pump input power is to be determined by dynamometers, the unloaded dynamometer shall be statically cali-
brated prior to the test by measuring the angular deflection for a given torque and the tare reading on the dyna-
mometer scale being taken at rated speed with the pump disconnected. After the test, the calibrations shall be
rechecked to ensure that no change has taken place. In the event of an appreciable change (greater than ± 1.5%),
the test shall be rerun.
The use of calibrated dynamometers or motors should be considered to give satisfactory measurement of input
power to the pump.
Cradle electric and dynamometers shall not be used for testing pumps with a maximum torque below one quarter
of the rated dynamometer torque.
Calibration of the dynamometer shall be conducted with the rotor torsion indicator in place. The indicator shall be
observed with a series of increasing loadings and then with a series of decreasing loadings. While taking readings
with increasing loadings, the loading shall at no time be decreased; similarly, during the decreasing loadings, the
loading shall at no time be increased. The calculation of output shall be based on the average of the increasing and
decreasing loadings as determined by the calibration. If the difference in readings between increasing and
decreasing loadings exceeds 1%, then the torsion dynamometer shall be deemed unsatisfactory.
When strain-gauge type torque measuring devices are used to measure pump input power, they shall be cali-
brated, with their accompanying instrumentation, at regular intervals. After the test, the readout instrumentation
balance shall be rechecked to ensure that no appreciable change (greater than ± 1.5%) has taken place. The test
shall be rerun in the event of an appreciable change.
Calibration laboratory type electric meters and transformers shall be used to measure power input to all motors.
Calibrated electric motors are satisfactory to determine the input power to the pump shaft when the motor is
directly connected to the pump shaft. The electrical input to the motor is observed, and the observations are multi-
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plied by the motor efficiency to determine input power to the pump shaft. Where the efficiency of the motor is ques-
tionable, its efficiency shall be determined by measuring the electrical energy input and the mechanical energy
output by dynamometer or by electrical methods (ANSI/IEEE-112, 113, or 115, as appropriate). The electric input
power to the motor shall be measured at the motor terminals by any acceptable method, including polyphase watt-
meter, single-phase wattmeter, or voltmeter-ammeter (power factor for AC).
When pump input power is to be determined by the use of a calibrated motor, measurements of input power shall
be made at the terminals of the motor to exclude any line losses that may occur between the switchboard and the
driver itself. Certified calibration shall be conducted on the specific motor in question and not on a similar machine.
Such calibrations must indicate the true input–output value of motor efficiency and not some conventional method
of determining an arbitrary efficiency.

Provided by IHS
3.6.11 Methods for rotary speed measurement
Test speeds for pumps may be in the range of a few hundred to several thousands of revolutions per minute.
Because the pump test data are taken under steady state conditions, the maximum permissible short-term speed
fluctuation shall be no more than 1% (Section 3.6.5.6.1). The speed-measuring methods described, therefore, are
those which, at moderate speeds, give a measure of the average speed over an interval of from less than one sec-
ond up to one to two minutes, depending on the type of instrumentation. The succeeding paragraphs discuss the
various methods and instruments suitable for measuring the speed of rotation.
The revolution counter and timer method, as its name implies, involves counting the number of revolutions over an
interval of time. A major source of error is in exact synchronization of counter and timer. When synchronization is
automatic (e.g., digital tachometers), sufficient accuracy is achieved over a time interval of a few seconds. In the
usual case, where a handheld counter and stopwatch are used, the timing interval should be about two minutes.
During this time, the speed shall be constant and the slippage of the counter on the shaft shall be avoided. The
stopwatch should be periodically checked against a standard timer. This method can be very accurate, to ± 0.25%
of pump speed or better.
Tachometers provide a direct reading of speed averaged over a fixed time interval. Some types automatically
repeat the reading process, while the standard handheld unit must be reset manually. The above comments
regarding uniform speed and slippage pertain here also. A tachometer should be checked periodically against a
counter and stopwatch. The accuracy of tachometers varies widely, from ± 0.25% to ± 3.5%, the latter limit being
unacceptably high for test purposes. Test instrumentation shall be consistent with Sections 3.6.5.4 and 3.6.5.6.1.
Frequency-responsive devices have the advantage of not requiring direct contact with the motor or pump shaft and
hence impose no additional load on the motor. The vibrating-reed type is of use only when the shaft is completely
inaccessible.
Electronic counters may be converted to read rpm directly using a shaft-mounted gear and a noncontacting mag-
netic pickup. This method is accurate to the nearest rpm, as read on a digital readout. The timing interval may be
set as short as 0.1 second, thus making any speed fluctuations readily discernible.
Most stroboscopes are limited in accuracy due to uncertainty in the precision of the strobe frequency. The only
approach suitable for pump test purposes is to use the strobe to determine motor slip under load relative to syn-
chronous speed, using a stopwatch to time the slippage while driving the strobe at line frequency (which is known
to the accuracy given above and can be determined with even greater precision for the time and location of the
test).
3.6.12 Temperature measurement
Temperature should be measured as close to the pump inlet as possible. The temperature-measuring device shall
have no effect on the measurements of pressure and rate of flow.
All temperature-sensing instruments should be properly supported and installed directly into the liquid stream.
When this is not practicable, wells filled with suitable intermediate conducting materials may be used.
3.6.13 Suitable interval between calibrations for performance test instruments
In the absence of manufacturer’s history, the intervals shown in Table 3.6.13 are suggested.

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Provided by IHS
Table 3.6.13 — Recommended instrument calibration intervala
Rate of flowb Power (continued)

Quantity meter Torque bar 1 yr
Weighing tanks 1 yr Calibrated motor Not req'dc
Volumetric tank 10 yr kW Transducer 3 yr
Rate meters Watt-amp-volt, portable 1 yr
d
Venturi Watt-amp-volt, permanent 1 yr
d
Nozzle Strain gauges 6 mo
d
Orifice plate Transmission gear to 375 kW (500 hp) 10 yr
d
Weir Transmission gears above 375 kW (500 hp) 20 yr
Turbine 1 yr Speed
Magnetic flow 1 yr Tachometers 3 yr
Rotometer 5 yr Eddy current drag 10 yr
Propeller 1 yr Electronic Not req'dc
Ultrasonic 5 yr Frequency-responsive devices
Pressureb Vibrating reed 10 yr
Bourdon tube (pressure gauge) 4 mo Electronic 10 yr
Manometers Not req'd Photocell 10 yr
Dead weight tester 1 yr Stroboscopes 5 yr
Transducers 4 mo Torque meter (speed) 1 yr
b
Digital indicator 1 yr Temperature
Powerb Electric 2 yr
Dynamometer w/scale 6 yr Mercury 5 yr
Dynamometer w/load scale 6 mo
a
Use instrument manufacturer's recommendation if shorter than listed in table.
b
Other methods may be suitable.
c
Unless electrical or mechanical failure.
d
Calibration is not required unless it is suspected there are critical dimensional changes.

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Provided by IHS
Appendix A – Index — 2010
Appendix A
Index
This appendix is included for informative purposes only and is not part of this standard. It is intended to help the
user gain a better understanding of the factors referenced in the body of the standard.
Note: an f. indicates a figure, and a t. indicates a table.
Absolute pressure (pa), 3 from specified values for Type III and Type IV
Acceptance level testing, 9
Level A, 1, 8, 16 acceptable deviation of independent test quantities
Level B, 8, 16, 17f. from specified values at the test parameters, 9
information data sheet, 16, 17f.
Brake horsepower. See Pump input power reports, 16
Liquid horsepower. See Pump output power
Datum, defined, 5
Differential pressure (Δp) Maximum allowable inlet working pressure, defined, 6
calculation, 14 Maximum allowable working pressure, 6
defined, 7 Maximum differential pressure (Δpmax), defined, 7
Discharge pressure. See Outlet pressure Motor efficiency (ηmot), defined, 8
Displacement (D), defined, 2 Motor power. See Total input power
Driver power. See Total input power
Net positive inlet pressure available (NPIPA), definition
Electronic counters (in rotary speed measurement), 25 and equation, 7
Elevation head (Z), defined, 5 Net positive inlet pressure required (NPIPR), 1
Elevation pressure (pz), definition and equation, 5 defined, 7
Net positive inlet pressure required test, 1, 2, 19
Frequency-responsive devices (in rotary speed acceptable deviation of test quantities, 19
measurement), 25 data presentation, 20
procedure, 19
Gauge pressure (pg), defined, 5 test equipment, 19
Net positive suction head available (NPSHA). See Net
Hydraulic horsepower. See Pump output power positive inlet pressure available
Hydrostatic test, 1, 18
on components or assembled pumps, 18 Outlet (discharge) pressure (pd), definition and
parameters, 18 equation, 6
procedure, 18 Overall efficiency (ηOA), definition and formula, 8
records, 18
Performance tests
Inlet (suction) pressure (ps), definition and equation, 6 acceptable deviation of dependent test quantities
Instrument calibration intervals, 25, 26t. from specified values for Type III and Type IV
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testing, 9
Level A, 1, 8 acceptable deviation of independent test quantities
acceptable deviation of dependent test quantities from specified values at the test parameters, 9
from specified values for Type III and Type IV acceptance, 8
testing, 9 acceptance levels, 8
acceptable deviation of independent test quantities calculations, 14
from specified values at the test parameters, 9 conditions, 11
reports, 16 correction to power (calculation), 15
Level B, 8 correction to rate of flow (calculation), 15
acceptable deviation of dependent test quantities correction to specified speed (calculations), 14, 15f.

Provided by IHS
Appendix A – Index — 2010
Performance tests—continued Rate of flow (Q)

differential pressure calculation, 14 correction to (calculation), 15
fluctuation and accuracy, 9 defined, 2
and inlet conditions, 11 measurement by miscellaneous methods, 20
input power calculation, 14 measurement by volume, 20
instrument calibration intervals, 25, 26t. measurement by weight, 20
instrumentation, 9 Rated condition point, 2
and liquid temperature, viscosity, and specific Revolution counter and timer (in rotary speed
gravity, 11 measurement), 25
and outlet pressure, 11 Rotary pump tests, 1
output power calculation, 14 Rotary speed measurement, 25
performance at constant pressure, 16f., 16
performance at constant speed, 16f., 16 Slip (S), definition and equation, 3
presentation of results, 16, 16f. Specific gravity (s)
procedure, 12 defined, 8
pump efficiency calculation, 14 and performance tests, 11
records, 13 Specific weight (γ), defined, 8
setup, 10, 11f. Speed (n)
and speed, 11 correction to specified speed (calculations), 14, 15f.
tabulation sheet, 12t. defined, 2
Type I, 1, 13 See also Rotary speed measurement
Type II, 1, 13 Stroboscopes (in rotary speed measurement), 25
Type III, 1, 9, 14 Subscripts, 4t.
Type IV, 1, 9, 14 Suction pressure. See Inlet pressure
witnessing of, 8 Symbols, 3t.
Power (P)
correction to (calculation), 15 Tachometers (in rotary speed measurement), 25
defined, 7 Temperature measurement, 25
measurement by dynamometer or torque shaft, 24 Terminology, 2, 3t.
measurement by electric meters Total input power (Pmot), defined, 7
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and transformers, 24 Type I test, 1
measurements, 23 records, 13
Pressure Type II test, 1
measurement by gauges, 23f. records, 13
Pressure (p) Type III test, 1
defined, 3 acceptable deviation of dependent test quantities
loop manifold connecting pressure taps, 22f., 23 from specified values for Type III and Type IV
measurement by means of calibrated gauges, 23, testing, 9
23f. records, 14
measurement of, 22, 22f. reports, 16
precautions inmeasuring, 22 Type IV test, 1
pressure tap opening with corrosion-related plug, acceptable deviation of dependent test quantities
22f., 22 from specified values for Type III and Type IV
welded-on pressure tap opening, 22f., 22 testing, 9
Pump efficiency (ηp) records, 14
calculation, 14 reports, 16
definition and formula, 8
Pump input power (Pp) Velocity pressure (pv), definition and equation, 5
calculation, 14
defined, 7 Water horsepower. See Pump output power
Pump output power (Pw)
calculation, 14
definition and equation, 7
Pump volumetric efficiency (ηv), definition
and formula, 3

Provided by IHS
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Provided by IHS
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A110
Provided by IHS

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ANSI/HI 3.

American National Standard for

Rotary Pump Tests

Approved June 24, 2010

Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at

Copyright © 2010 Hydraulic Institute

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,

Printed in the United States of America

Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved

3.6 Rotary pump tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved iii

Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved

Definition of a Standard of the Hydraulic Institute

Comments from users

Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved v

A.W. Chesterton Las Vegas Valley Water District

Committee Members Company

vi Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved

3.6.2 Type of performance test

The test types below apply to tests on liquids.

3.6.3 Net positive inlet pressure required (NPIPR)

Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved 1

a) A 5% reduction in rate of flow at constant differential pressure and speed.

b) A 5% reduction in power consumption at constant differential pressure and speed.

c) The inability to maintain a stable differential pressure.

3.6.4.1 Rated condition point

3.6.4.2 Displacement (D)

3.6.4.3 Rate of flow (Q)

3.6.4.4 Speed (n)

2 Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved

3.6.4.5 Slip (S)

Slip is determined from the following equation:

(Metric units) S = ⎛ ---------------------------⎞ – Q

(US customary units) S = ⎛ ----------⎞ – Q

3.6.4.6 Pump volumetric efficiency (ηv)

3.6.4.7 Pressure (p)

3.6.4.8 Absolute pressure (pa)

Table 3.6.4a — Symbols and terminology

Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved 3

Table 3.6.4a — Symbols and terminology (continued)

Table 3.6.4b — Subscripts

a Absolute mot Motor

b Barometric OA Overall unit

d Outlet (discharge) p Pump

g Gauge s Inlet (suction)

im Intermediate mechanism t Theoretical

m Metering v Velocity, volumetric

max Maximum vp Vapor pressure

min Minimum w Water

4 Hydraulic Institute Standards, Copyright © 1997-2010, All Rights Reserved

3.6.4.9 Gauge pressure (pg)

3.6.4.11 Elevation pressure (pZ)

(Metric units) p z = ± 9.8 × 10 –2 sZ

(US customary units) p z = ± 0.433sZ

3.6.4.12 Elevation head (Z)

3.6.4.13 Velocity pressure (pv)

s = specific gravity of the fluid pumped

v2/2g = velocity head, in meters (feet)