CT 213 Computer Network and Security

Industrial Technology Computer Technology

ACTIVITY SHEET No.5

Name: Wilson Ramos Bucog Course:Yr/Sec BITCT 2D-4_____

TRACING INTERNET CONNECTIVITY

Objectives
• Use software that shows how data travels through the Internet.
• Use the ping utility to test connectivity to a remote network.
• Construct a visual map of connectivity from your network to a remote network.

Background / Preparation
In order to perform this lab, Internet connectivity is required. On a PC,
open a web browser to ensure connectivity exists before beginning this
lab.
This lab has an optional first step of downloading and installing a free program
that can be used to determine the path a packet takes through the Internet. This
program may be free, but it also may be copyrighted. Also, it may be that you
are not permitted on a campus computer to download and install software.
Check with the instructor or student assistant if you are unsure.
The following resources will be required:
• Windows-based computer with Internet connectivity
• Ability to download and install freeware software (optional)
• Access to the Run command

Step 1: (Optional) Download and install a free program

a. Open a search engine such as Google (www.google.com), Yahoo
(www.yahoo.com), or Search
(http://search.com).
b. Which words do you think would give you the best result if you are
searching for a visual program that
allows you to trace how data (a packet) travels through the Internet?
Write your search words. Visual program for Trace Route Tool

c. Type the words you chose in the Search field. Locate and download the software
and install it.
Normally, the website has a link to the download site or you can click the words
“Download” or
“Download Now”. When you download any freeware, remember the
location on the hard drive, flash drive, or disk media where you saved
the program. Write down where the download is saved.
C:/ Documents and Settings\Vania\My Documents\Downloads\
Documents
 d. What is the name of the program you installed? Visual Trace Route Tool

Step 2: Locate web sites

a. Using the search engine again, locate five businesses with a web
server, which are located in a
country different from your own.

b. Write the names of the five business web sites.

Google, Microsoft bing, Yahoo, Baidu, Art, com
c. Using the search engine again, locate a business in your own
country that has a web site that is
accessible.
d. Write the URL of the web site. An example URL is www.cisco.com.

Step 3: (Optional) Use downloaded visual trace route tool

a. Using the software you have downloaded and installed, use the tool to
determine the path which the
packet takes to reach one of the remote country destinations. Each tool
normally allows you to type a
URL. The program should either list or visually display the path taken by
the packet.
b. How many hops does the packet take to get from your computer to the destination
computer? 2

c. If your tool also provides time information, write down how long it took
for the packet to reach the first
hop? _______________Its around 10
seconds____________________________________________________
____
d. Use the tool to determine the path to another foreign country site.
e. How many hops does the packet take to get from your computer to the destination
computer? 5

f. Use the tool to determine the path to a web site in your own country.
g. Was the time it took to reach a web site in your own country shorter or longer?
________Shorter_____
h. Try to think of an instance where the time it takes to reach a web server
in your own country would be
longer than it takes to reach another country’s web server?
____________________________
Step 4: Use the tracert command
a. Click the Start button, click the Run option, type cmd, and press Enter. An
alternate way to get to the
command prompt is to click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command
Prompt.
b. From the command prompt, type tracert and press Enter. Options that
can be used with the tracert
command are shown. Items shown in square brackets [ ] are optional.
For example, the first option
that can be used with the tracert command is -d. If someone was to
type tracert -d www.cisco.com,
then the command issued to the computer is to trace the route to
www.cisco.com, but do not try to
resolve IP addresses to names. The target_name parameter is
mandatory (it does not have brackets
around it) and it is replaced with the destination network. In the
previous example of tracert -d
www.cisco.com, www.cisco.com is the target_name.
c. Which tracert option would be used to designate that only 5 hops
could be used to search for the
device address on the destination network?
_________________________________________
d. Write the full command that would be typed to trace a route to
www.cisco.com and instruct the
computer to not search for it after seven hops.
_______________________________________
e. Using one of the remote country destination addresses (use the same
address as the one you used
with the visual tool if possible) use the tracert command to determine
how many hops it takes to
reach the remote web server. Write the number of hops and the
destination.

f. The tracert command uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

echo request messages to
determine the path to the final destination. The path displayed is a list
of IP addresses assigned to
routers that connect to one another to form the path. The ICMP
packets contain a value called a

Time To Live (TTL). The TTL value is 30 by default on a Microsoft-

based PC and each router through which the packet passes,
decrements that value by 1 before sending the packet on to the next
router in the path. When the TTL value reaches 0, the router that has
the packet sends an ICMP time
exceeded message back to the source.
The tracert command determines the path by sending the first ICMP
echo request message with a
TTL of 1 and then increases that TTL value by 1 until the target
responds or the maximum number of
hops is reached. The path is determined by examining the ICMP time
 exceed messages that are sent
back by routers along the way and by the ICMP echo reply message
that is returned from the
destination. Routers that do not return the ICMP time exceed messages
are shown by a row of
asterisks (*).
How many hops does your tracert command show that the packet went through?
___________

Step 5: Use the pathping command

a. A similar command that can be used on a Windows XP computer is pathping. This
command
combines the abilities of the tracert command with the ping command.
From the command prompt,
use the pathping command to determine the IP addresses of the
routers used to create the packet
path to another foreign country address. An example of the pathping
command used to trace the
path to Cisco is pathping www.cisco.com.
b. How many hops did the pathping command display to your remote destination?6

Because it can determined the domains traveled from the source to destination.
c. When do you think that you would ever use a tool like pathping or tracert?

Pathping over ping and trace route on e that each nodes is pinged as the result of
single command that the behavior of nodes is studied over cm extended time period,
rather than the default ping samples of default trace route single route trace.
Step 6: (Optional) Use the whois function
a. Some of the freeware tools include an option to perform a whois function. Whois is a
separate
program or integrated with a tool similar to tracert or pathping. It displays
(and sometimes has a link) who owns the web link of either the
destination URL (such as cisco.com) or any of the links along the
path. Explore the freeware tool that you have downloaded and installed
and determine if it has a
whois function. If it does, use it to determine who owns the domain name
of one of the previous
destinations used.
b. Why would you want to use the whois function?
_____________________________________
Because it can determined the domains traveled dfrom the source to destination

Step 7: Reflection
With a classmate, compare all of the commands used in this lab.
Describe the purpose and benefit of each one. Which do you think is the
most useful command?
Who is it can be used to determined the domains toward from the
source to destination.
 Tracert tool is often used for network troubleshooting. Ping it is a
command to test whether a host is reachable. For me both pig and
tracert are useful because the pig is to determined it is reachable
while tracert is to determined the path to read route server.

Learning Insights:

I learned a lot on how important each part to have mood communication of data. Then also
I learned on determining the problem of which not functioning well and that has a problem
in communication.