Math 2
Math 2
Mathematics: Algebra
Lecture 02
Overview Next Lecture
• Fraction • Inequality
• Approximation •Average
• Exponent
• Equation
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:.Matfi Lecture Sfieet: 02
Fraction
A fraction is part of a unit. It indicates a division or a part of number. For example, the fraction ~ indicates
5
(7 ~ 5). The number of the top, 7 in the above example is called the NUMERATOR and the number at the
bottom, 5 in the example is ca lled the DE OMfNATOR.
Types of Fraction :
Proper Fraction:
If the numerator of a fraction is less than the denominator, the fraction is called proper fraction. Example:~
5
Improper F raction:
If the numerator is eq ua l to or greater than the denominator, the fracti on is ca lled an improper fraction.
Examp l e:~5 ~3
25
I I 4
To compare fraction:
We can discuss it with an example.
Solution:
Step I: Multipl y the numerator of the first with the denominator of the second.
1 x 27 = 27
Step 2: ow multiply the denominator of the first with numerator of the second,
4x 7 = 28
Since 28 > 2 7, the second fraction !.... is greater than the first ~
27 4
Note:
~ Since a fraction is a division and division by zero is undefined, the denominator of fraction cannot be
zero.
~ If the numerator is zero (and the denominator is not zero), than the fraction equal zero.
~ The value of fraction is unchanged when the numerator and denominator are multipl ied by the same
quantity.
Page: 2
ome common used fraction, percenta2e:
Fraction Decimal Percent Fraction Decimal Percent Fraction Decimal Percent
1 1 5
- 0.5 50% - 0.1666 ..... 16.66% 0.555 ..... 55.55%
2 6 9
1 5 7
- 0.33 ..... 33.33% 0.8333 ..... 83.33% 0.777 ..... 77.77%
3 6 9
2 1 8
-3 0.66 ..... 66.66% -
8
0. 125 12.5% -
9
0.888 ..... 88.88%
1 3 1
- 0.25 25% 0.375 37.5% - 0.1 10%
4 8 10
3 5 1
- 0.75 75% - .625 62.5% - 0.0909 9.09%
4 8 11
1 7 1
-5 0.2 20% -
8
.875 87.5% -
12
0.0833 8.33%
2 1 1
- 0.4 40% - 0.111 ..... 11.11% - 0.0625 6.25%
5 9 16
3 2 1
-5 0.6 60% -
9
0.222 ..... 22.22%
32
0.03125 3.13%
4 4
- 0.8 80% - 0.444 ..... 44.44%
5 9
Decimal :
A decimal i a fracrion whose denominator is a power of I 0; that is, the denominator is I 0, I 00 and so on.
For example in 0.313 rhe firsr digit after decimal point tand for tenths, the second d igit for hundredths, and
rhe last digit fo r thousandths.
1 3 3 13
Thus 0.313
'
= 2..
10
+ -- +- - =
100 1000 1000
Example math :
01. 138.009 + 341.981 -146.305 = 123.6+?
A. 120.85 B. 120.085 C. 210.085 D. 210.85 E. 180.085
Answer: C. 210.085
Page: 3
Approxi mation
3 5 7 2 I 2 4 5 I 4 . 6 8 2 6
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
C/)
c: c:
0 0
c: Vl
c:
Vl
-0
Vl
-0
Vl
-0 -g..... c:
<!)
Vl
<!)
Vl
..c:
Vl
..c:
Vl
..c:
Vl
..c:
0
--co --
·-
-
-
·-
.2
-
-
c:
co
Vl
c:
co
Vl
c:
co -0
c:
!- c:
0 c:
<!)
-0
~
-0
c:
:0
c:
·- E E ·- ::::l ::::l "'
::::: ::::: !- -0
ell C"O
~ 0 0 0 I c:
Vl
:::::
Vl
:::::
-0
".....
-0
c:
, <U
r -
..c:
-0
<!)
-5
..c:
~ :::::
:r:
0
..c:
!-
0
-5
c: ..... c:
::::: -0 !- <!)
:r: c:
:::::
!-
:r:
An example:
765.3682 become:
1000 when asked to ro und to the nearest thousand ( 1000)
800 when asked to ro und to the nearest hundred ( 100)
770 when asked to round to the nearest ten (I 0)
765 when asked to rou nd to the nearest one ( 1)
765.4 when a ked to round to the nearest tenth (I 0th)
765.37 \\hen asked to ro und to the nearest hundredth (I OOth.)
765.368 when asked to rou nd to the nearest thousandth ( 1OOOth)
Exponents
In the expression a", a is cal led the base and n is called the exponent. So, in the expression 25 we have 2 as
base and 5 as e ponent. The exponent tel ls ho\\ man) factor!) are there.
Laws of exponents:
x1 =x ~
xn = n'-7m
vxm = cnc)m
vx
XO = 1
1
x-1 = -
x
Page: 4
Laws of roots:
I
= x'i~
3 I 3 f"j I
11 r:-:
IX= x: VX = x3 vx 2
-
xn = v x
~ = (VX}
"FY = vx."./) n
~) ('VX)
Square of 1 to 30:
12 = 1 6 2 = 36 11 2 =121 16 2 = 256 21 2 = 441 26 2 = 676
Cube of 1 to 10:
13 = 1 3 3 = 27 5 3 = 125 7 3 = 343 9 3 = 729
Equ atio n
An equation is a statement of equality between two exerc ises, as in 4x = 100
Solution:
Here _: + _: = 2b+a = a+2b = ~ = ~
' a b ab ab 4 2
3
Answer: C. 2
Page: S
03. 50 7 x 20 7 is 1ox ti me::. larger than 1x10 11 , \\ here\ i:,·
A. 13 B. 6 C. 2 1 D. 29 E.31
04 . 5- 3 + 5- 3 + 5- 3 + 5- 3 + 5- 3 = ?
A. 25- 15 C. s- 2 D. s- 1 E. 5- 4
Solution: 5- 3 + 5- 3 + 5- 3 + 5- 3 + 5- 3
= s.s-3 [as there are s.s- 3 here]
= 5 1, 5-3
= 5 (1-3)
= 5-2
Hence answer is C
An \\ er: C. s- 2
Practice Test
1. Find the largest fraction from the follov.ing:
A. - ~ B. _.!_ C. _}_ D. _ 1s E. Cannot be determined
11 13 19 97
2. Four liters of milk are to be poured into a 2 liter and a 4 liter bottle. If each bottle is to be lied to the same
fraction of its capacity, hO\\ many liters of milk should be poured into the 4 liters bottle?
A.?. B. ~ C. ~ D. ~ E. 16
3 3 J 3 3
3. Eight people are planning to share the co t o f rental ca r. If one person withdrawn from the arrangement
and the others share eq ually the entire cost of the ca r. then the share of each of the remai ni ng persons will be
increa ed by -
A .~ B. ~ C.?. D .~ E. ..:__
7 8 8 2 14
Page: 6
4. At a college footbal l game~ of the seats in the lower deck of the stadium were so ld. If one fou rth of all
the seating in the stadium is located in lower deck. and if: of all the seats in the stadium were sold what
3 '
fraction of the unso ld seats in the stad ium " ere in the lower deck?
A. 2_
20
B. ~
6
c .:3 D. 2..
15
E.~
20
5. The numerator ofa fraction is mult iple of t\\ O integer:,. One o f' the numbers is greater th an the other b) 2.
If the greater number is smaller than denominator b) 4. what wi ll be the minimum value of the fraction?
A. -1 B. - .: C. 0 D. .: E. I
5 5
6. XYZ Ltd has profil ed tk. 1,08,000 from its ventu res in FY 20 17. Its investm ent strategy for FY 20 18 is as
fo llows. Out of the total profit it will invest .:111 in customer care, of the remaining amount it \\ ill im est .:rd in
6 3
advertising and product development. and out o f the balance it will invest :rd in increas ing production
3
faci lities. If the company plans to create an employee enten ai nment fund of the remaining amount, how
much wou ld that fund amount to?
A . tk. 17,000 B . rk 19,000 c. tk . 21.000 D. tk. 20,000 E. tk . 2000
7. A batch of coo kies \\ as di' ided amon!.?. J times::J u1· all tht' cookies \\ ere placed in either rhe blue or the
~
green tin, and the rest were placed in the red tin . If ~ of a ll the cookies were placed in the blue tin. \.\hat
4
fraction of the cookies that were placed in the other tins were placed in the green tin?
B. ~ C. ~ E. ~
15
A. D . .?.
2 4 9 5 7
8. One-fou1th of a number is equal to t\\ O fifih or another number. If 50 is added to the larger number. it
becomes two times the second number. What is the smaller number? [BBA 14-1 5]
A. 75 B. 80 C. 100 D. 125 E. None of these
9. A man spent.: of his money and then lost .: of the remainder. He was left with tk. 3600. How much did he
2 4
10. In a nationa l poll, people were asked 2 questions. If: of them answered 'yes' to question I and of those
5
.: also answered · yes' to question 2. which of the fo llowing represents the number of people polled who did
3
11. A club has equal number of male and female member. On a certain day, two thirds of the members were
absent. Of the member present, One third "'as male, what is the ratio of ma le and fema le who were not
present on that day? [BBA 14-15]
B.: 3
c)
5
o. .?.5 E .~
5
Pa ~I! : 7
12. A if. Rakib and Saad have x. y and / num ber or marbles respectively . If x = 6y = 3z, what fraction of
his marbles should Asif give to Rakib and aad so that all of them have equa l number of marbles? r 1BA
16-17)
A . 2. 8 . 2. D. 2.
5 4 2
E. one or these
13. At a certain club, the number of male members is t\\ ice than that of female members. It 2. male member
4
are engineers and ~ of fema le members are engineer. "hat rract1on o r the member are non-engineers'?
[MBA 17]
A .~ 8. 23 c. .:5 D .~ E. one or these
25 30 19
15. lf x and) are positive integers and x·1y 5 = 5 12. \\hich ol' the fo llo"ing is the \alue of x)'? !MBA 15-
16]
A. 2 8. 4 c. 8 D. 10 E. one of these
16. A son got ~lh of his father's proper!). I le sells ~IJ or his -,hare for tk. 1.00,000. What i. the \ alue or the
17. In a department, ~ of the worker are men and the rest v. omen . If 2. of the men and ~ of the "omen in the
5 2 7
department are over 35. \\hat fraction or all the " orl-.er in the department are O\ er 35?
A. 33 8. 35
66 C. 2:!._ D. -14 0
70 70 140
18. A student loses I mark for wrong ans\\ er and scores 2 mark for every correct answer. If he answer all
the 60 quest ions in an exam scores 39 marl-.s. hov' many o f them were correct?
A. 31 8 .37 C. 33 D. 27 E.n
19. Abir ga' e half of hi s stamp to /\:1.rn . A:on gm e hall ur hi-, stam ps to Mithila. Mithi la ga\e ~of the
stamps given to her to Sadib and kept the remaining 12. Ho"' many stamps did Abir start with?
A. 48 B. 52 C. 56 D. 60 E.64
20. 6 student did not participate and I0 students failed in exam. Among the students \\ho passed in the
exam. Abir tood l 51h from the top and 30111 from the bottom in the merit list. I IO\\ man) student!:> \\ere there
in the class? (MBA ' 18]
A. 44 8 . 50 C. 60 D. 57 E. one of these
Pagt:: 8
21. A bo) "as asl-.. ed to multiply a number b) ?.... instead ht' di\ ided the number b) ?... and !!Ot the resu lt ~
8 8 - 14
more than "'hat he should have got ir he had multipl ied the number b) ?.... The number is-
s
A. 8 B. 7 c. 6 D. -I E. 5
22 . Given 2x + 2y = 6z, 2x - 2y = 2z and y - z = 0. ho" many unique olution are there for y? [MBA
15- I 6]
A. I B.2 C. 3 D. -1 E. one of these
23 . On a particu lar day, a shop so ld J fe\\er laptops o r brand X than two times the numbers or laptops of
brand Y. If a customer who bought a laptop of X brand had purchased a laptop of Y brand instead of X
brand, number of brand X and brand Y sold wou Id have been the same. What is the total number of laptops
so ld? [M BA 15- 16]
A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 12 E. one of these
24. When 11 7 choco late are equall) distributed among >.. number of students, yo u are left with (x - 9)
chocolate. Which of the folio"' ing cou ld be a value of:-.'? lMBA I 5-16]
A. 15 B. I 8 C. 21 D. 24 E. one of these
25. If 4y - 3x = 5, "'hat is the sma llest ' alue of x for" hi h y > 100? [MBA 16- I 7]
A. 130 B. 13 1 C. 132 D. 135 E. one of these
Homework
I. If the number.:?... ).,~,~ and~
24 2 8 4 16
\\ ere ordered greatest to least. the midd le number of the resulting sequence
would be?
A.~ B)4 c.~ o . .:?... E. ~
8 16 24 2
2. Ayon and Mithila together have tk. 12 JO. I f ~ of A)on's amount is eq ual to~ of Mithila's amount. how
lS 5
resulting fraction is equivalent to~. Find the numerator of the original fraction :
4
A. 3 B.4 c. 6 D. 10 E. 15
I 3
4. What pair of rational numbers lie bet\\een - and - ·1
4 4
A~ 31 B~~ , 25Z
. 40, 40 "100'100
c - 7·1ti
-
. 1000, 1000
D --
262
. 1000, 1000
752
E. one of these
5. If i of the liquid contents of a can evaporates on the first da) and ~ of the remainder evaporates on the
second da) . The fractional part of the original contents remaining at the c lo ing o f the second da) is:
A.~ B. ~ C. ~ D. !_ E. one of the e
7 2 6 1l
Page: 9
6. A box contai ns o nl y marbles. If ; of the marbles \\ere remo\ed. the bo:-. \\Ou Id be fi lled~ of it capacit) .
If instead I00 marbles \\ere added, the bo:-. \\ ou Id be t"u 11. H O\\ man) marbles are there in the box? [:vt BA
15- 16)
A. 80 B. I 10 \. l·W D. l...,U I . '\one or the:.e
7. Abir took~ of the marbles kept in a bo:-.. I tis) ounger tooi.. another~ of the remaining marbles. Then his
i ter too k another~ of the remaining marbks. What fraction or the marbks lc ll in the box? [M 13/\ '.W 16]
salary to the same charity which is twice the sa lan• of razul. Tazul contributed .:4 of hi salan- to the charit\.
•
If adib 's salary is tk. 20,000, what ''as the total contribution to the charit) '?[BB/\ 1-1-15]
A. tk . 26.875 B. tk . 27 .325 D. ti... 29.675 L. ti.. . 10.000
9. If (a+ a+ a)= (b + b + b + b) and a+ /J = 7. then \\hat the \alue ol"(al - b 2 )? [:Vll31\ 16-1 7]
A. 0 B. 3 C. -I D. 7 E. one or these
10. If x is an integer and (0.5)(0.005)(0.05)(0.005) 1ox is an integer. "hat is the lea t possible value or x?
[MBA 15- 161
A. 8 8 .9 C. IU lJ. II 1-.. !\one of these
12. Omar could bu)' a cenain number of noteboob for ti... 300. If each notebooi.. cost i:. ti.. . 5 more. he could
have bought I 0 noteboo ks less for the :.ame amount. I md the price o r each nutcbooi.. .
A. 15 B. 12 c. 10 0. 20 L. 8
13. Half of the people on a bus get off at each stop afle r the first, and no one gets on aft er the first top. If
onl y 4 person gets off at sto p number 4. ho\\ man) people got on at the first stop'?
..,..,
A. 16 B. 24 C. .)_ D. 36
14. Mr. hahadat and Mr. adib ha\ e a rnmbined "e1.:i..1~ :.ala1) or ti.. . 1000. Jr ::.alar) of Shahadat 1:.
increased b) 2.5 times and salary of adib i increa ed b) 1.5 times. the combined a lar) wou ld be tk. 1600.
What was the original salar) of Sadib'?
A. tk. 100 B. tk. 150 l' ti.. . 900 D. ti.. . I 000 I . ti.. 750
15. 54 i dh ided into two pans such that the um ~)r I 0 ti1111.:.., the first and 22 tim..:s the -;ccond i::. 780 I he
bigger pa11 is:
A. 24 B. 29 c. 30 D. 3-1 E. 35
Page· 10
16. The product o f t\\ O numbl.'r5 is 90() :lllll llh II '>llll o C\1..",'.:d dl:1r dilk11.·111.:c b.' rn. l lw ~·n::1l,'1" (l l tht:'-,t' l \\O
numbers i :
A. 90 B. 75 c. 65 D. 60 f.. 15
17. A sif earns tk. 8.50s per hour on days other than unda)s and !\\ice that rate on unda)s. Last \\ eek he
-
worked a total o f40 hours. including 8 hours on Sunda\ . ~'hat \\t'rl.' hi-, earning for the \\ed.?
. -
. ti-.. 272 B. tk. 34 0 t . 1". 3'J8 D. 11-. i08 E. ti-.. -100
18. Two tanks A and B are til led wi th petrol. Tank A hokls 600 l iters more th an tank 8 . Ir I 00 liters o r
petro l were taken out from each tank. ranl-. A \\ ould th en contain 3 tim es as much as petro l as tank 8 . What
is the total number of liters of fuel in the l\\ O full ta111-.s'>
A . 1000 B. 1200 c I JOO D. 1 100 I I ~00
19. A man se lls seven different sized balls. Ead1 ball cu b n ral-.a murc rhan the nc.\t 0111.: beh.>\\ it in siLe.
and the price of the biggest ball is tk. 46. If th e sum of the prices ofse,en different balb is ti-.. 196. \\ hat is
the value of n? [MBA · 16]
A. 6 8. 7 C. 8 D. 9 L. None of these
20. Ir:-. and ) are imegers. and 7x - 4y - LO. "h1ch ur tht: lolltJ\\ ing could be the ' al ue 01· ' '! [M 13A 15- 16J
21. T azul has X number of books, \\ hich is 3 times as man) as Sadib and .!.2 as many a M im i. Hm' man)
books do the three of th em ha\ e altogether . in krms or' ? [ \ 1B:\ · I 71
7\
A . Sx B. - l IJ. -
6 3 l
22. The cost of 12 penci Is and I 0 pens is ti-.. 320 I he cost or 20 penci b and 15 pens is ti-.. 500. \\ hat i-. the
A. 5 8 . 10 C. I) D. 20
23. 3 people are spl ining a tk. 150 bil l. I r 1\ ) 011 pa) s ti-. . 5 k s:. than Ab1r. '' hik I nLul pa) :. murc than ti-. . 60.
what is the most Ayon can pay, given all of them pa) integer amounts? [t\ IBA ·I 8]
24 . Tast) cool-.ies sell t\\ O 1-. inds ofcal-.cs· lcmon ti..>r 11-.. 10 :11: I 1.."hec:.e fo1 ti-..~-) 011.t1.."crta111 da~ . tht: :.hup
so ld 100 cakes and got ti-. . 2980 in re\l.'.llll1.: from the ::.ak-... I lo\\ nrnn) lemon cal-.es did tll\!) sdl'! j\IB \ 15-loJ
A . 30 B. 32 ( 10 D. 18 one or tht:-.e
25 . I f ·m · and ·n· are who le numbers ~ uch that 111 1' ·= 1/.1. tht: 'a lue or ( 111 - l0)\ 11 ·t l) is: