Revised Syllabus
Revised Syllabus
Revised Syllabus
PHYSICS
General
General Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis;
least count, significant figures; Methods of
measurement and error analysis for physical quantities
pertaining to the following experiments: Experiments
based on using Vernier calipers and screw gauge
(micrometer), Determination of g using simple
pendulum, Young’s modulus - elasticity of the material
Surface tension of water by capillary
rise and effect of detergents. Specific
heat of a liquid using calorimeter, focal length of a
concave mirror and a convex lens using u-v method,
Speed of sound using resonance column, Verification
of Ohm’s law using voltmeter and ammeter, and
specific resistance of the material of a wire using
meter bridge and post office box.
Mechanics
Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian
coordinates only), projectiles; Uniform circular motion;
Relative velocity.
Newton’s laws of motion; Inertial and uniformly
accelerated frames of reference; Static and dynamic
friction; Kinetic and potential energy; Work and power;
Conservation of linear momentum and mechanical
energy.
Systems of particles; Centre of mass and its motion;
Impulse; Elastic and inelastic collisions. Rigid body,
moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes
theorems, moment of inertia of uniform bodies with
simple geometrical shapes; Angular momentum;
Torque; Conservation of angular momentum;
Dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation;
Rolling without slipping of rings, cylinders and
spheres; Equilibrium of rigid bodies; Collision of point
masses with rigid bodies. Forced and damped
oscillation (in one dimension), resonance.
Linear and angular simple harmonic motions.
Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus.
Law of gravitation; Gravitational potential and field;
Acceleration due to gravity; Kepler’s law,
Geostationary orbits, Motion of planets and
satellites in circular orbits; Escape velocity. Pressure
in a fluid; Pascal’s law;Buoyancy; Surface energy and
surface tension, angle of contact, drops, bubbles and
capillary rise. Viscosity (Poiseuille’s equation
excluded), Modulus of rigidity and bulk
modulus in mechanics. Stoke’s law; Terminal
velocity, Streamline flow, equation of continuity,
Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications. Wave motion
(plane waves only), longitudinal and transverse waves,
superposition of waves; Progressive and stationary
waves; Vibration of strings and air columns;
Resonance; Beats; Speed of sound in gases; Doppler
effect (in sound)
Thermal Physics
Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases;
Calorimetry, latent heat; Heat conduction in one
dimension; Elementary concepts of convection and
radiation; Newton’s law of cooling; Ideal gas laws;
Specific heats (Cv and Cp for monoatomic and diatomic
gases); Isothermal and adiabatic processes, bulk
modulus of gases; Equivalence of heat and work; First
law of thermodynamics and its applications (only for
ideal gases); Second law of thermodynamics,
reversible and irreversible processes,
Carnot engine and its efficiency; Blackbody
radiation: absorptive and emissive powers; Kirchhoff’s
law; Wien’s displacement law, Stefan’s law.
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Electricity and Magnestism
Coulomb’s law; Electric field and potential; Electrical
potential energy of a system of point charges and of
electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic field; Electric
field lines; Flux of electric field; Gauss’s law and its
application in simple cases, such as, to find field due to
infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite
plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
Capacitance; Parallel plate capacitor with and without
dielectrics; Capacitors in series and parallel; Energy
stored in a capacitor.
Electric current; Ohm’s law; Series and parallel
arrangements of resistances and cells; Kirchhoff’s
laws and simple applications; Heating effect of current.
Biot–Savart’s law and Ampere’s law; Magnetic field
near a current-carrying straight wire, along the axis of
a circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid; Force
on a moving charge and on a current-carrying wire in a
uniform magnetic field.
Magnetic moment of a current loop; Effect of a uniform
magnetic field on a current loop; Moving coil
galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and their
conversions.
Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law;
Self and mutual inductance; RC, LR, LC and LCR(in
series) circuits with d.c. and a.c. sources.
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves and their
characteristics. Electromagnetic spectrum
(radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible,
ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including
elementary facts about their uses.
Optics
Rectilinear propagation of light; Reflection and
refraction at plane and spherical surfaces; Total
internal reflection; Deviation and dispersion of light by a
prism; Thin lenses; Combinations of mirrors and thin
lenses; Magnification.
Wave nature of light: Huygen’s principle, interference
limited to Young’s double slit experiment. Diffraction
Polarization of light, plane
due to a single slit.
polarized light; Brewster's law, Polaroids.
Modern Physics
Atomic nucleus; α, β and γ radiations; Law of
radioactive decay; Decay constant; Half-life and mean
life; Binding energy and its calculation; Fission and
fusion processes; Energy calculation in these
processes.
Photoelectric effect; Bohr’s theory of hydrogen-like
atoms; Characteristic and continuous X-rays,
Moseley’s law; de Broglie wavelength of matter waves.
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Revised Syllabus to be followed
General Topics
Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton’s atomic
theory; Mole concept; Chemical formulae; Balanced
chemical equations; Calculations (based on mole
concept and stoichiometry) involving common
oxidation-reduction, neutralisation, and displacement
reactions; Concentration in terms of mole fraction,
molarity, molality and normality.
States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
Gas laws and ideal gas equation, absolute scale of
temperature; Deviation from ideality, van der Waals
equation; Kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean
square and most probable velocities and their relation
with temperature; Law of partial pressures; Diffusion of
gases. Intermolecular interactions: types, distance
dependence, and their effect on properties; Liquids:
vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity.
Atomic Structure
Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom; Wave-particle
duality, de Broglie hypothesis; Uncertainty principle;
Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen
atom: Energies, quantum numbers, wave function and
probability density (plots only), shapes of s, p and d
orbitals; Aufbau principle; Pauli’s exclusion principle
and Hund’s rule.
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Orbital overlap and covalent bond; Hybridisation
involving s, p and d orbitals only; Molecular orbital
energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species (up
to Ne2); Hydrogen bond; Polarity in molecules, dipole
moment; VSEPR model and shapes of molecules
(linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal,
square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and
octahedral).
Chemical Thermodynamics
Intensive and extensive properties, state functions,
First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work
(pressure-volume only) and heat; Enthalpy, heat
capacity, standard state, Hess’s law; Enthalpy of
reaction, fusion and vapourization, and lattice enthalpy;
Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Gibbs
energy; Criteria of equilibrium and spontaneity.
Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium
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Law of mass action; Significance of ȟ ܩand ȟ ܩin
chemical equilibrium; Equilibrium constant (Kp and Kc)
and reaction quotient, Le Chatelier’s principle (effect of
concentration, temperature and pressure); Solubility
product and its applications, common ion effect, pH
and buffer solutions; Acids and bases (Bronsted and
Lewis concepts); Hydrolysis of salts.
Electrochemistry
Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Standard
electrode potentials; Electrochemical work, Nernst
equation; Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells;
Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Electrolytic
conductance, specific, equivalent and molar
conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law; Batteries: Primary and
Secondary, fuel cells; Corrosion.
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Chemical Kinetics
Rates of chemical reactions; Order and molecularity of
reactions; Rate law, rate constant, half-life; Differential
and integrated rate expressions for zero and first order
reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant
(Arrhenius equation and activation energy); Catalysis:
Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and
selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis and its
mechanism.
Solid State
Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal
systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close packed
structure of solids (cubic and hexagonal), packing in
fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours, ionic
radii and radius ratio, point defects.
Solutions
Henry’s law; Raoult’s law; Ideal solutions; Colligative
properties: lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of
boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic
pressure; van’t Hoff factor.
Surface Chemistry
Elementary concepts of adsorption: Physisorption and
Chemisorption, Freundlich adsorption isotherm;
Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general
properties; Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants
and micelles (only definitions and examples).
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in
Properties
Modern periodic law and the present form of periodic
table; electronic configuration of elements; periodic
trends in atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization
enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation
states, electronegativity, and chemical reactivity.
Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence,
isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of
hydrogen; hydrides – ionic, covalent and interstitial;
physical and chemical properties of water, heavy
water; hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions, use
and structure; hydrogen as a fuel.
s-Block Elements
Alkali and alkaline earth metals-reactivity towards air,
water, dihydrogen, halogens, acids; their reducing
nature including solutions in liquid ammonia; uses of
these elements; general characteristics of their oxides,
hydroxides, halides, salts of oxoacids; anomalous
behaviour of lithium and beryllium; preparation,
properties, and uses of compounds of sodium (sodium
carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium
hydrogen carbonate) and calcium (calcium oxide,
calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium
sulphate).
p-Block Elements
Oxidation state and trends in chemical reactivity of
elements of groups 13-17; anomalous properties of
boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine with
respect to other elements in their respective groups.
Group 13: Reactivity towards acids, alkalis, and
halogens; preparation, properties, and uses of borax,
orthoboric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium
chloride, and alums; uses of boron and aluminium.
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Group 14: Reactivity towards water and halogen;
allotropes of carbon and uses of carbon; preparation,
properties, and uses of carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, silicon dioxide, silicones, silicates, zeolites.
Group 15: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and
halogen; allotropes of phosphorous; preparation,
properties, and uses of dinitrogen, ammonia, nitric
acid, phosphine, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus
pentachloride; oxides of nitrogen and oxoacids of
phosphorus. Group 16: Reactivity towards hydrogen,
oxygen, and halogen; simple oxides; allotropes of
sulfur; preparation/manufacture, properties, and uses
of dioxygen, ozone, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid;
oxoacids of sulfur.
Group 17: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and
metals; preparation/manufacture, properties, and uses
of chlorine, hydrogen chloride and interhalogen
compounds; oxoacids of halogens, bleaching powder.
Group 18: Chemical properties and uses; compounds
of xenon with fluorine and oxygen.
d-Block Elements
Oxidation states and their stability; standard electrode
potentials; interstitial compounds; alloys; catalytic
properties; applications; preparation, structure, and
reactions of oxoanions of chromium and manganese.
f-Block Elements
Lanthanoid and actinoid contractions; oxidation states;
general characteristics.
Coordination Compounds
Werner’s theory; Nomenclature, cis-trans and
ionization isomerism, hybridization and geometries
(linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral) of
mononuclear coordination compounds; Bonding [VBT
and CFT (octahedral and tetrahedral fields)]; Magnetic
properties (spin-only) and colour of 3d-series
coordination compounds; Ligands and spectrochemical
series; Stability; Importance and applications; Metal
carbonyls.
Isolation of Metals
Metal ores and their concentration; extraction of crude
metal from concentrated ores: thermodynamic (iron,
copper, zinc) and electrochemical (aluminium)
principles of metallurgy; cyanide process (silver and
gold); refining.
Principles of Qualitative Analysis
+ 2+ 2+
Groups I to V (only Ag , Hg , Cu ,
2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+
Pb , Fe , Cr , Al , Ca , Ba , Zn ,
2+ 2+
Mn and Mg ); Nitrate, halides (excluding
fluoride), carbonate and bicarbonate, sulphate and
sulphide.
Environmental Chemistry
Atmospheric pollution; water pollution; soil pollution;
industrial waste; strategies to control environmental
pollution; green chemistry.
Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
Hybridisation of carbon; σ and π-bonds; Shapes of
simple organic molecules; aromaticity; Structural and
geometrical isomerism; Stereoisomers and
stereochemical relationship (enantiomers,
diastereomers, meso) of compounds containing only
up to two asymmetric centres
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formation; Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction;
Haloform reaction; Nucleophilic addition reaction with
RMgX, NaHSO3, HCN, alcohol, amine.
Carboxylic Acids
Physical properties; Preparation: from nitriles, Grignard
reagents, hydrolysis of esters and amides; Preparation
of benzoic acid from alkylbenzenes; Reactions:
reduction, halogenation, formation of esters, acid
chlorides and amides.
Amines
Preparation from nitro compounds, nitriles and amides;
Reactions: Hoffmann bromamide degradation, Gabriel
phthalimide synthesis; Reaction with nitrous acid, Azo
coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic
amines; Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium
salts; Carbylamine reaction, Hinsberg test, Alkylation
and acylation reactions.
Haloarenes
Reactions: Fittig, Wurtz-Fittig; Nucleophilic aromatic
substitution in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes
(excluding benzyne mechanism and cine substitution).
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates: Classification; Mono- and di-
saccharides (glucose and sucrose); Oxidation;
Reduction; Glycoside formation and hydrolysis of
disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose);
Anomers.
Proteins: Amino acids; Peptide linkage; Structure of
peptides (primary and secondary); Types of proteins
(fibrous and globular).
Nucleic acids: Chemical composition and structure of
DNA and RNA.
Polymers
Types of polymerization (addition, condensation);
Homo and copolymers; Natural rubber; Cellulose;
Nylon; Teflon; Bakelite; PVC; Bio-degradable
polymers; Applications of polymers.
Chemistry in Everyday Life
Drug-target interaction; Therapeutic action, and
examples (excluding structures), of antacids,
antihistamines, tranquilizers, analgesics,
antimicrobials, and antifertility drugs; Artificial
sweeteners (names only); Soaps, detergents, and
cleansing action.
Practical Organic Chemistry
Detection of elements (N, S, halogens); Detection and
identification of the following functional groups:
hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde
and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro.
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Revised Syllabus to be followed
2023MATHEMATICS