A REPORT ON RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK

EXPERIENCE PROGRAMME, 2021

A Report Presented to Faculty of Agriculture,

Assam Agricultural University for the Fulfillment of the

Requirements of

B.Sc. (Hons) Agricultural Degree Programme

SUBMITTED BY:
NAME: DODI PRISCILLA PERME
REDG. NO.: 2017-AJ-42
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,
JORHAT
ASSAM AGRICULTURAL
UNIVERSITY
KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA
SONITPUR, 784028

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 RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE
PROGRAMME
ASSAM AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
JORHAT - 13

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that I, DODI PRISCILLA PERME with Registration No. 2017-AJ-42 a final
year of B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13 have completed
Rural Agricultural Work Experience Programme (RAWEP) starting from 8th February, 2021
under the supervision of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sonitpur.

Author

Date: 20th June, 2021 __________________

Place: Sonitpur Dodi Priscilla Perme
2017-AJ-42

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 RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE
PROGRAMME
ASSAM AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
JORHAT-13

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the RAWEP Report submitted by DODI PRISCILLA PERME,
Registration
No. 2017-AJ-42, to the Faculty of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13 has
successfully completed various activities of RAWE Programme under the guidance and
supervision of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sonitpur.

______________________ ____________________
Chairman, Group Advisory Programme Supervisor
Committee (RAWEP) (RAWEP)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author would like to extend her heartfelt gratitude to the Chairman of the Central
Advisory Committee(CAC) Dr. Jayanta Deka, Dean, Faculty of Agriculture, Assam
Agricultural University, and Convenor of CAC Dr. Kaushik Das, Professor , Department Of
Crop Physiology, AAU for their valuable guidance , suggestion & inspiration throughout the
RAWE Programme.

The author would like to express his deep gratitude to the Chairman of the Group
Advisory Committee (GAC) Dr. Promod Chandra Deka, Head in-charge, KVK, Sonitpur for
providing all the necessary facilities for carrying out the RAWE Programme & for his constant
support & enthusiastic encouragement during the period of RAWEP. The author sincerely
owes deep sense of reverence and gratitude to the Programme Supervisor Dr. Namita Dutta,
Subject Matter Specialist, Soil Science, KVK, Sonitpur for her guidance & constant
supervision throughout the RAWE Programme. The author also takes the pleasure to
acknowledge the help of all Scientists and staff members of KVK, Sonitpur for their
cooperation and help during the course of study.

The author would also like to thank members of the GAC Dr. Samiron Dutta, Head OF
Department Soil Science; Dr. Sanjib Sharma, Assistant Professor and Junior Research
Scientist, Department of Horticulture; Dr. Mousumi Phukon Assistant Professor, Department
of Entomology for their perpetual inspiration during the RAWE Programme.

The author also remains thankful to her host farmer Mr. Biswajit Hazarika and his family
as well as all the people of the host village for their constant support, hospitality and
cooperation during her stay.

Finally the author would like to thank her group mates for their never ending support,
cooperation and love which made the programme a success.

Thanking You,

Date: 20th June, 2021 DODI PRISCILLA PERME (2017-AJ-42)

Place: Sonitpur College of Agriculture, Jorhat

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 ABSTRACT
Rural Agricultural Work Experience Programme (RAWEP) is carried out as a part of the
curriculum of B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture course. The RAWE Programme is carried out to
connect the students to the micro-level of the community so that they can bring forth their
logistic views to understand the needs and problems of the grass-root level. Under this
programme five courses i.e. Crop Production, Plant Protection, Rural Economics, Extension
Programme and Attachment with Agro based Industries have to be studied.

The Rural Agricultural Work Experience programme was carried out in different stations, in
which the author’s group was allotted in a village called Napam Chapori under Krishi Vigyan
Kendra, Sonitpur. Each student was given an individual host farmer.

An agro-economic survey was carried out in the host village to gather knowledge about the
socio economic, geographical and agricultural condition of the village as a whole. The
economics of farming situation and household of the host farmer were thoroughly analyzed
and in the basis of that an alternate farm plan was suggested to the farmer to increase the total
turnover of the farm. Different data’s has been collected from various sources, assessments
were done, problems of individual farmer were recorded and solutions to the problems in crop
production were provided by field survey. Method demonstrations were organized keeping in
mind about the problems faced by the farmers. This had really integrated the theoretical
knowledge of the students into actual practice and also benefitted the farmers.

For the convenience of the farmers, an information corner was established to disseminate
agricultural techniques. Moreover, involvement and mingling with the village people had
given great chances for the students to understand and clarify the objectives of the programme.

CONTENTS
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Sl. Chapter Title Page No.
No. No.
1. I Introduction and Objective of RAWEP 8-9
Programme
2. II Host Farmer 10-12

3. III The Host Village 13-15

4. IV Sonitpur District Profile 16-28

5. V Crop Production 29-32

a. Component I: Cropping Pattern and
assessment of available resources
b. Component II: Cultural Management
c. Component III: Nutrient Management of
Crops
d. Component IV: Harvesting and Post
harvest Operations
e. Component V: Integrated Farming System
(IFS)
6. VI Crop Protection 33-39
a. Component I: Survey and Surveillance of
major pests and disease complexes of
crops grown in the particular area
b. Component II: Preparation of Insect Pests
and Disease Calendar
c. Component III: Training or Method
Demonstration on crop protective measure
d. Component IV: Crop protection measures
taken in the host farmers crops

7. VII Rural Economics 40-42

a. Component I: Agro- economic survey
b. Component II: Farm Survey and Planning
c. Component III: Family Budgeting
8. VIII Extension Programmes 43-47
a. Component I:Situation Analysis and
Problem Identification
b. Component II: On-going Extension
Programmes and their impacts
c. Component III: Dissemination of
Agricultural Technology
d. Component IV: Participation in
Community Activities

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9. IX Attachment with RARS/KVK 48-57

10 X Summary and Conclusion 58-60

11. XI Annexure 61-174

12 XII List of students 175-176

13 XIII Photographic Evidences 177-200

14. XIV Authenticated certificates 201-204

15. XV Other documents and C 205-208

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION TO RURAL
AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE
PROGRAMME (RAWEP)

HISTORY

ICAR Review Committee 1979, Deans’ Committee, 1981 suggested the linkage of agricultural
education with actual family situation considering the importance of the socio economic
behaviour of the rural farmers under which agriculture graduates has to work. The Andhra

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Pradesh Agricultural University for the first time in 1980-1981 and subsequently some other
State Agricultural Universities implemented the Rural Agricultural Work Experience
Programme (RAWEP) under which a student has to stay in a village with a host farmer to
participate in agricultural operations and to guide him in the adoption of new technology. The
workshop on Academy Matters organized by the Faculty of Agriculture, AAU in 1987
discussed in detail the possibilities and suggested the incorporation of RAWEP in B.Sc.
(Agri)curriculum of AAU. Assam Agricultural University after thorough discussion with the
Department of Agriculture, Government of Assam decided to include RAWEP in the
undergraduate curriculum in collaboration with the Department of Agriculture.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME

● To provide an opportunity for students to live in rural areas and develop the right
perspective on rural life.
● To help the students to gain first-hand experience in the application of agricultural
technology on the farmers field.
● To make students aware of various agencies working for rural development.
● To make students understand and appreciate the constraints in the application of latest
technology on farmers' fields.
● To develop communication skills in students to do better agricultural extension work.
● To know the sentiment of different socio-economic behaviour of the rural society to be
faced during the working period.
● To have students develop the right attitude towards the farming community.

COMPONENTS OF ACTIVITIES

 Appraisal of the biophysical, Ethno cultural and social economic settings of the study
area to gather information on the resource endowments at both community and
individual levels.
 Study on agro-ecology, farming systems, bio diversity and crop production technology.
 Participation and counseling in the day to day farm operation days of the host farmer
as well as other farmers of the village.
 Farm planning and preparation of family budgets for the host family.
 Planning and execution of extension programmes in the village.
 Maintenance of proper records and preparation of a final report.

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 CHAPTER II:

THE HOST FARMER

THE HOST FARMER

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 Figure 1: Introduction with host family

Under the Rural Agricultural Work Experience Programme the author was allotted
Mr.Biswajit Hazarika as a host farmer. He is a resident of Napam Chapori, Tezpur Block-
Balipara, District -Sonitpur, Assam. He lives with his mother Mrs. Mamoni Hazarika, father
Mr. Rajen Hazarika and brother Mr. Tapan Hazarika in a typical Assam kutcha house. He is
34 years old and his education qualification is Matriculate. Agriculture is his main
occupationand he has a land holding of 1.01 in which he carries out farming. The farmer
practices Integrated Farming System where he has integrated different components like crops
(potato, tomato, brinjal, carrot, cabbage, broccoli, mustard, carrot, beans, knolkhol,
cauliflower, garlic), livestock (cattle-5, goat-6) and birds(pigeon- 3 pair, chicken-11 and
ducks-3). The farmer likes to keep his farming exercise mostly organic because he believes
that chemicals are harmful foe the soil, the produce and the people consuming it. The majority
of the goods are sold in the market and a minor amount is kept for home consumption. The
farmer goes to the market thrice in a week to sells the produce sometimes on his bike and
other times on his bicycle. The produce is harvested only a day before or on the day of going
to the market for selling. The farmer also derives other benefits from his livestock i.e milk
from the cows which are sold at a price of Rs.40/Liter. The goods which are not sold in the
market and is not is not consumed by the family is fed to the livestock. His annual income
after spending on the farm requirements and the family essentials is Rs.100000.

The author is proud and lucky to have been given the opportunity to work with Mr. Biswajit
Hazarika and his family who were not only kind and hard working but also very welcoming.

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The author shall remain forever grateful to Mr.Biswajit Hazarika for giving her the chance to
gain hands on knowledge and experience of different agriculture practices.

LAND UNDER CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES

LAND UNDER
COW SHED
CULTIVATION

BATH
ROOM

HOME

STORE ROOM TUBE

WELL

LAND UNDER CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES

Figure 2: Farm layout of Host Farmer

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 CHAPTER III:

THE HOST VILLAGE

THE HOST VILLAGE

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The host village that was allotted to the group was Napam. Napam is a village in Holeswar sub
division of Sonitpur district. The distance from the district head quarters to the village is
12km. The residents of the village predominantly depend on farming to earn their livelihood.
The villagers led a very simple life. The village showcased a huge diversity in religion and
culture. Other than cultivating rice they also cultivated many seasonal horticultural crops like
cucurbits(bottle gourd, ridge gourd), cole crops(cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli), perennial
crops like(beetle vine, Areca nut, black pepper, Assam lemon), solanaceous crops( potato,
brinjal, tomato), sugarcane and spices (garlic, onion, turmeric).
The progressive farmers used machinery like tractors, power tillers (hired or owned) for land
preparation, power operated irrigation equipment etc. The farmers lacked knowledge
regarding proper application of fertilizers but with years of experience they had a great
knowledge about the ITK’s and practiced various ITK’s to control pests and diseases.
One of the major problems faced by the farmers was lack of irrigation water and they solely
depended on rain water for irrigation. The farmers sold their produce in the nearby wholesale
and retail market (weekly market near Panchayat, daily market). The village is connected with
motor able roads.

INFORMATION REGARDING HOST VILLAGE

● Name: Napam chapori

● Address: Napam chapori, P.O -Napam , Sonitpur, pin-784028
● Block: Balipara Ghuramari
● Name of Panchayat Samiti: Holmara
● Total area: 30.56ha
● Area Under cultivation: 24.8ha
● Population of village:
● Topography :plain
● Name and distance of research Station:Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sonitpur-4km
● Distance from district headquarter:12 km
● Nearest post office:2km
● Nearest bus station:1.5km
● Nearest go down/warehouse: nil
● Nearest commercial bank/RRB:1.5km(SBI,PNB,UBI)
● Nearest wholesale and retail markets: Haulmara, Paanch mile, Napam, Borghat
● Name of government department or NGO providing services to the village: Krishi
Vigyan Kendra, District Agriculture Office, Block Development Office, Gaon
Panchayat
● Name and mobile number of ADO: Mrs.Panchamika Dutta, 7896617510
● Name of VLEW: Mr. Bedanta Bikash Das
● Number of Agro-based industry:1
● Location of cooperative Society: Napam

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● Major crops cultivated in the village: Rice, Sugarcane, Toria, beans, pea, cole crops
(cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower), cucurbitaceous crops ( bottle gourd, ridge gourd,
cucumber, pumpkin), solanaceous crop(potato, tomato, brinjal).

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 CHAPTER IV

SONITPUR DISTRICT PROFILE

INTRODUCTION

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Sonitpur is an administrative district of Assam. It is spread over an area of 5,324 km on the
northern banks of Brahmaputra. The district headquarters of the district are located at Tezpur.
The distance from the state capital, Dispur is 198 km via Nagaon and 181 km via Mangaldoi.
The district of Sonitpur experiences a sub-tropical climate. The summers are hot and humid
with an average temperature of 290C. From late June to early September, heavy rainfall occurs
due to the moisture laden South-West monsoons. Autumn season is dry and warm and gets
cooler as the month progresses. Winters extends generally from the month of October to
February. Winters are cold and dry with an average temperature of 16 0C. Springs are cool and
pleasant. The soil of Sonitpur district is mostly alluvial soil and the slope and relief is almost
even, can be refereed as plain topography.

Figure 3: District Profile of Sonitpur

Sonitpur is basically an agrarian economy. Approximately 80 percent of the population

depends on agriculture allied (primary sector) activities for their livelihood. Rain fed
cultivation of single paddy crop still continues in most areas of the district. However, with the
help of irrigation facilities like shallow tube wells, high yielding variety of seeds and tractors

17 | P a g e
have made multiple cropping possible. Both Rabi and kharif cropping is done in the district.
Paddy, jute, sugarcane, tea, pulses and mustard are the major crops and tobacco, potato,
vegetables and fruits like coconuts, banana, pineapples, orange and mango are subsidiary
crops of the district. Rice is the staple food. The farmers mainly depend upon cultivation of
wet paddy. Among the cash crops jute is grown on the low-lying areas of the bank of the
Brahmaputra.

Table 1:BASIC STATISTICS OF SONITPUR DISTRICT

Sl.
No. DETAIL STATISTICS as on April 2016
1. Geographical Area 5,32,400 ha
2. Cultivable Area 1,65,129 ha
3. Net cropped Area 1,51,867 ha
4. Gross Cropped Area 2,51,721 ha
5. Area sown more than once 74,583 ha
6. Mono Cropped Area 77,284 ha
7. Forest Area 1,54,563 ha
8. Area under horticultural crop 43,782 ha
9. Cultivable waste land 513 ha
10. Chronically flood-prone area 15,687 ha
11. Char Area 30,778 ha
12. Irrigated Area Under (STW/LLP) 22,344 ha
13. Cropping Intensity 165.75%
14. Average Rainfall 1355 to 2350 mm (122-134) days
15. Nos. of farmers SHG 2298 nos.
16. Nos. of GPSS 42 nos.
17. Nos. of GP 158 nos.
18. Nos. of AP 14 nos.
19. Nos. of Civil Sub-Division 3 nos.
20. Nos. of Revenue Circle 8nos.
21. Nos. of Agril. Sub-Division 3 nos.
22. Nos. of Dev. Blocks 14 nos.
23. Nos. of Villages 1696 nos.

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 24. Nos. of ADO Circle 24 nos.
25. Nos. of VLEW Eleka 167 nos.
26. Nos. of Tea Garden 88 nos.
27. Nos. of Cold Storage 2 nos.
28. Fertilizer consumption 40 kg/ha
29 Spread of Cultivable Area :
(a) Low Land 24,182 ha
(b) Medium Land 95,395 ha
(c) Upland 29,835 ha
(d) Riverine, low elevation 10,896 ha
(e) Deep water 4821 ha
Total 1,65,129 ha

29 Nos. of Farm Families 2,03,161 nos.

(a) % of big farmers 12 %
(b) % of small farmers 37 %
(c) % of marginal farmers 36 %
(d) % of landless farmers 15 %
(e) % of SC farmers 10 %
(f) % of ST farmers 16 %

Table2: Administration

Headquarter Tezpur

Number of(agril) subdivision 3

number of ADO circle 24

Number of Mouza 26

Number of Developmental Block 14

Number of Legislative Assembly Constituency 8

Number of Police Station 11

Number of Zilaparishad 32

Number of Anchalik Panchayat 14

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 Number of Gaon Panchayat 158

Number of Revenue Village 1615

Number of VLEW Areas 167

Number of Towns (Municipality Board) 6 nos.( municipality board-

2nos.)

Table 3: Education

Name of the Colleges 13

Number of Junior Colleges -

Number of Secondary School 30

Number of Provincialised High School 78

Number of Venture High School -

Number of High Madrassa 1

Number of Primary L.P. School 1242

Number of Sanskrit Tool 1

Table 4: Health centre

Number of Hospital 6

Number of Primary Health Centers 23

Number of Community Health Centers 11

Number of Sub-centers 294

Number of Private Hospitals -

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Table 5: land use pattern and cropping intensity

Total geographical area 5,32,400ha

Cultivable area 1,65,1289ha

Mono cropped area 77,284ha

double cropped area N/A

Tipple cropped Area N/A

Gross cropped Area 265397ha

Net cropped Area 165141ha

Other Fallow Lands N/A

Cultivable Waste Lands 227ha

Land Used as Barren Lands 21353ha

Current Fallow Lands 5833ha

Table 6: population data (census 2011)

Sl no. Particulars Total(no.) Percentag

e%

1 Total population 1924110 6.17%

Male 983904 51.14%

Female 940206 48.86%

2 Rural 1750265 90.96%

3 Urban 173845 9.04%

4. Population of Scheduled castes 109130 5.67%

Male 55817 51.14%

Female 53313 48.85%

5 Population of scheduled tribes 232207 12.06%

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 Male 117685 50.68%

Female 114522 49.31%

Figure 4: Religion Wise Distribution

male and female literacy rates

FEMALE LITERACY MALE LITERACY

45%
55%

Figure 5: Diagram of literacy rates (2011 census)

Table 7: Miscellaneous

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 Lead bank UCO Bank

Number Of Bank 77

Number Of Postal Offices 124

Major Railway Stations (Nearest) Dekargaon,Tezpur

Airport(Nearest) Solonibari Airport

Major rivers Brahmaputra, Kameng, Dhansiri

river

Number of Tea Gardens 73

Place of Tourist Attraction Agnigarh, Chitralekha Udyan(Cole

park), Patum Phukhuri, Kolia
Bhomora Bridge, Mahabhairav
Temple, Biswanath Ghar,
Nagsanakar temple

Table 8: Socio economic characteristics and land holding pattern

Sl. No Socio-economic Characteristics No./types

1 Average size of land holding -
2 Average fragmentation intensity -
3. Existing land tenure system Ownership right
4. Sources of finance for farming Rank
1.Ownfund
2. Co-operative society
3: KCC
5. Main source of income for farmers Rank
1.Agriculture
2.Business
3.Service
6. Commercial commodities produced Rank
1.Paddy
2.Vegetables
3.Jute

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 Figure 6: Area and average yield of crops in Sonitpur District (2015-16)

MAJOR CROP ROTATION IN SONITPUR DISTRICT:

● Paddy- Mustard- Paddy
● Paddy- Potato- Okra
● Mustard-Cucurbits
● Paddy-Jute-Mustard/Lentil/Sesame
● Paddy-Summer Pulse- Cole crops

CROP SEQUENCE FOLLOWED:

● Kharif paddy- Rabi vegetables
● Summer vegetables-Rabi vegetables

INTERCROPPING FOLLOWED:
● Brinjal + Chilly
● Potato + Pumpkin
● Ridge gourd + Spine gourd

MIXED CROPPING FOLLOWED:

● Radish +Mustard(leafy vegetables )
● Coconut/ Areca nut + Betel vine/Black pepper
● Assam lemon + Pineapple
● Mint + Chilly

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MAJOR CROPS GROWN
● Potato
● Areca nuts
● Coconut

Table 9: Area, production and productivity of major crops cultivated in the district

Sl. Crop Area Productio Prod

N (ha) n(MT) uctivi
o ty(K
g/Ha)
Paddy
Summer 2250 113895 5062
1. 0
Winter 1245 379546 3048
23
Autumn 1248 34879 2793
8
2. Sugarcane 2623 9302 3721
0
3. Potato 8862 71037 8016
4. Maize 1260 6640 5270
5. Wheat 205 250 1220
6. Black gram 4875 3510 720
7. Green Gram 2068 1514 732
8. Jute 2432 19456 1530
9. Rapeseed& 1964 12375 630
Mustard 3
10 Banana 4371 78612 1798
. 5
11 Orange 342 4030 1178
. 5
12 Guava 170 3549 2088
. 0
13 Litchi 673 9610 1428
. 0
14 Coconut 1602 20970 107
.
15 Pineapple 771 13609 1765
. 2
16 Arecanut 5235 6598 177
.
Vegetables
17 Kharif 3828 66894 1747
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 . 5
Rabi 1219 226602 1857
8 7
18 Assam 257 2003 7795
. Lemon
19 Potato 8440 102782 1217
. 8
20 Onion 523 2492 4765
.
21 Turmeric 1073 1041 970
.
22 Chillies 1087 636 585
.

Table 10: Production and productivity of livestock, poultry etc in the district

Sl. Crop Area(h Producti Produc

No a) on(MT) tivity(
Kg/Ha)
Paddy
Summer 22500 113895 5062
1. Winter 124523 379546 3048
Autumn 12488 34879 2793
2. Sugarcane 2623 9302 37210
3. Potato 8862 71037 8016
4. Maize 1260 6640 5270
5. Wheat 205 250 1220
6. Black gram 4875 3510 720
7. Green Gram 2068 1514 732
8. Jute 2432 19456 1530
9. Rapeseed & 19643 12375 630
Mustard
10. Banana 4371 78612 17985
11. Orange 342 4030 11785
12. Guava 170 3549 2080
13. Litchi 673 9610 14280
14. Coconut 1602 20970 107
15. Pineapple 771 13609 17652
16. Areca nut 5235 6598 177
Vegetables
17. Kharif 3828 66894 17475
Rabi 12198 226602 18577
18. Assam 257 2003 7795
Lemon
19. Potato 8440 102782 12178

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 20. Onion 523 2492 4765
21. Turmeric 1073 1041 970
22. Chilly 1087 636 585

Table 11: Workers Profile

Total Farm Family 2,03,161

Landless 33928
Marginal 73052
Small 70700
Big 6216
SC Farm Family 20316
ST Farm Family 32505

workers
ST farm
family

SC farm 20316
Family

Big 6216

Small 70700

Marginal 73052

Landless 33928

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000

workers

Figure 7: Workers Profile

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Table 12: Soil and Fertility Status

Types of Soil Area(ha)

Alluvial Soil 80087.65
Sandy soil 67868.01
Soil Fertility Status(General) Medium

Figure 8: Physiography of the District

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 CHAPTER V

COURSE NO: RAWEP 415

COURSE TITLE: CROP PRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Crop Production is the process of growing crops for domestic and commercial use. It includes
cropping pattern and assessment of available resources, cultural management, nutrient
management of crops, harvesting and post harvesting operations and integrated farming
systems (IFS) that are practiced in a farmer’s field or in a locality to grow crop in a unit area to
get maximum yields.

COMPONENT I: CROPPING PATTERN AND ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE

RESOURCES

Cropping pattern refers to the proportion of land under cultivation of different crops at
different points of time. This indicates the time and arrangement of crops in a particular land
area. Assessing the cropping pattern and available resources helps us to acquire knowledge
about the cropping history and natural resources available in the locality and selection of land
for the chosen crops and to gain knowledge about the problems and prospects of raising the
selected crops.
The author's host farmer Mr.Biswajit Hazarika is a small scale farmer residing in Napam
Chapori, Sonitpur. The cropping history of the farmer was collected, studied and found that
he carried out farming throughout the year therefore grew diversified crop groups . He owns 9
Bigha. The previous crops grown are cabbage, cauliflower, knolkhol, potato, tomato, peas,
garlic, carrot, broccoli, mustard and the present crops grown are okra, beans, cucurbits,
colocasia. The farmer uses only organic residue for mulching and FYM as a soil amendment
as he believes that the chemical fertilizers are harmful for the soil. The land situation of the
area is medium land and the soil is characterized as sandy loam.
Weather data: weather data of any particular location is important especially because the
agriculture practiced in the state is mainly rain dependent. Weather forecast helps in planning
ahead for the future in terms of sowing/ planting, fertilizer application, irrigation, harvesting
etc.

Table 13: rainfall distribution

Month Total no. of rainy days Total rainfall(mm)

February( from 11th) 0 1.4
March 6 48.4
April (upto 30th) 5 40.6

COMPONENT II: CULTURAL MANAGEMENT

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Cultural management is an agricultural practice that is carried out in raising crops from Land
preparation up to harvesting.
The host farmer stores some seed/ planting materials from the previous year's harvest for the
next year and for some crops he purchases the seeds from the nearest nursery. Methods of
sowing followed by the farmer include broadcasting and dibbling. No seed treatment prior to
sowing is done. The cultural practice followed by the host farmer mainly includes ploughing,
harrowing, leveling of land and mulching. Weeding was done as and when necessary with the
help of a sickle or khurpi. He also practices the use of trap crops mainly in cabbage where he
grows some mustard in a small part of the land to attract the cabbage butterfly therefore
reducing the disease incidents in cabbage. Irrigation is carried out by using a delivery pipe
attached to the tube well. Irrigation is done in 15 days interval once in the morning and in the
evening.

COMPONENT III: NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OF CROPS

Nutrient management is the science and practice directed to link soil, weather and
hydrological factors with cultural, irrigation, soil and water conservation practices to achieve
optimal nutrient use efficiency of crop yields, crop quality and economic returns while
reducing off-site transport of nutrients.
The author’s farmer does not use any chemical fertilizers as he believes that chemical
fertilizers do more bad to the soil than good. He solely depends on cow dung as a source of
organic manure. The cow dung is generally applied during the land preparation. The farmer
followed mulching in some crops as a moisture conservation measure.

Table 14: Nutrient management schedule of crops

Crop Type of Rate of Time of Method of Response of
fertilizer fertilizer application application crop
1.Potato Organic- Unknown October During land Moderate
cowdung preparation
2.Colocasia Organic- unknown February During land Good
cowdung preparation
3.Pumpkin Micronutrient unknown June spraying Good
-
Boron
1. Okra Organic- unknown April During land Average
cowdung preparation

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COMPONENT IV:HARVESTING AND POST HARVESTING

Harvesting of fruits and vegetables at proper stage of maturity is of paramount importance for
attaining desirable quality. Harvesting is done manually by the host farmer with the help of his
family members. Potatoes were harvested when the entire plant dries by opening the furrows
using country plough followed by handpicking of the tubers which are put out in the sun for a
day and then stored in mesh bags in the store room. Mustards were harvested when the flowers
dropped and siliqua turned golden yellow in color, the entire mustard plant is uprooted,
trampling with the help of cattle is done, winnowing was done manually and the seeds were
sun dried for a day after which the seeds are sold to the local agency for oil production. The
mustard straw was used for mulching in colocasia. Okra was harvested when the pods were
bright green and the pods fleshy. Peas were harvested when the pods are filled and the seeds
are mature. Apart from potato and mustard all the other vegetables are harvested only on the
days prior to when the host farmer would go to the market for selling the produce.
The total yield of mustard was 300kg in 0.25ha of land which was sold at Rs.60/kg and the
straw yield was 600kg in 0.25ha of land.

COMPONENT V: INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM (IFS)

Integrated Farming System (also known as mixed farming) is a farming system with
simultaneous activities involving crop and animal. The main purpose of Integrated Farming
System is so that the farming components support one another hence reducing the external
inputs.
The host farmer integrated three components namely livestock (cattle and goats), birds
(ducks, chicken and pigeon) and crops (mustard, carrots, potato, brinjal, cucurbits). The farmer
has 5 cows; the bedding material along with the litter is used as manure in his farm.
Additionally the milk from the cows are being sold at Rs. 40/l. The farmer has 6 goats, the
excreta of the goat is used as manure in the crops also the weeds obtained after weeding are
used to feed the goat. The left over crops that are not marketed or used for home consumption
are fed to the livestock thereby reducing the feed cost. The birds eat the worms and insect
from the field which not only reduces the cost of feed but also reduces the pest population.
The farmer also practices multi cropping.
Integration of these components has reduced the farmer’s dependence on external inputs.
Additionally if there is a chance of crop failure he can always sustain himself and the farm
because of the other components. The farmer has a fair knowledge about the importance of
Integrated Farming System however for the benefit of the farmer the author has suggested him
to add vermicomposting and fish cum duck farming.

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 CHAPTER VI

COURSE NO: RAWEP 414(i)

COURSE TITLE: PANT PROTECTION

INTRODUCTION:
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Crop protection is the science and practice of managing plant diseases, weeds and other pests
that damage agricultural crops and forestry. It includes survey and surveillance of major pests
and disease complex of the crops grown in the particular area, preparation of insect pest and
disease calendar, training or method demonstration on plant protection measures and plant
protection measures taken in host farmer’s crops. It is very important to understand the plant
protection aspect as the pests and disease directly affects the yield and quality of the produce.
Controlling the pests and diseases of crops has always been a major problem for the farming
community especially for the rural farmers as they lack the knowledge and proper means of
how to protect their crops against pest and diseases.

COMPONENT I: SURVEY AND SURVEILLANCE OF MAJOR PESTS AND

DISEASE COMPLEXES OF THE CROP GROWN IN THE PARTICULAR AREA

This component of the RAWE programme is mainly for the surveillance and monitoring off
population dynamics of different insect pests as well as diseases, time of occurrence,
epidemiology and damage symptoms on each crop at fixed intervals to warn the farmers to
take up the plant protection measures in time. The three main objective of this component is:
 To generate information about the insect-pest & diseases affecting crops, and their
intensity of attack, management practices including ITK‟s adopted by the farmers.
 To record insect pest, nematode and disease complex at least in one major crop and in
one subsidiary crop grown in that area.
 To collect information on plant and insect biodiversity.
 To collect specimen of insect damage, plant disease symptoms, nematode infestation
symptoms, nutritional disorders of crops grown in the locality

Before controlling insect pests and diseases in an area survey should be done to know the
major pests and diseases in that area. Survey revealed different major pests and diseases, their
intensity of attack, management practices including ITKs adopted by farmers in their field.
During the period of the author’s stay in the host village several diseases and insect pests and
their infestation at different stages of crop growth for different crops were observed. It was
seen that different ITK’s were being adopted for the management of pest and diseases of
different crops, which acted as a great learning opportunity for students. Some of the major
pests were stem borer and rice hispa in boro rice, whitefly and tomato fruit borer in tomato,
aphids in okra, cabbage butterfly and the larvae in cabbage, termites and leaf miners in ridge
34 | P a g e
gourd. Some of the major diseases observed were leaf blast in boro rice, early blight and
bacterial leaf spot in tomato, damping off and yellow vein mosaic in okra, black rot and
alternaria leaf spot in cabbage, alternaria leaf spot and powdery mildew in ridge gourd.

Table15: List of ITK’s practiced by farmers

Sl. ITK Purpose Crop Materi Methods Impa
No ct of
of ITK als
. use
used
1. Using of To control Rice Neem Neem leaves High
grains
neem leaves storage leaves are placed
in storage pests beneath the
bins/ grains and
containers also above
the grains
2. Clipping of To control Rice Hand or Clipping High
rice seedling rice hispa clipping before
tool transplanting
3.. Application To control Brinjal, Ash Broadcast on Mediu
Of ash Cutworm, Pumpkin, The plant m
leaf miner ridge
gourd
4. Use of To drive Field Bamboo, Placed at the High
scarecrows away birds crops rags, straw centre of the
field
6. Keeping of To trap Rice Mustard oil Placed in the High
.
mustard oil insects lamp field in the
lamps in rice evening.
field.

7. Use of To trap Potato Kerosene, Poured in the High

kerosene and and kill water holes
water termites
mixture

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 9. Roping in To control Rice Rope and Jute ropes are Mediu
m
rice field caseworm kerosene dipped in
oil kerosene and
pulled across
the paddy
field.
10. Neem Against Rice, Neem Sprayed over High
vegeta
kernel grasshopp kernel the crops
bles
extract ers, locust
and other
chewing
insects

Plant and insect biodiversity

One of the major things that set apart the farmers of this village is the diversified group of
crops they grow throughout the year. The main crops which are cultivated in the host village
are rice, sugarcane, potato and toria. The farmers of Napam chapori follow crop rotation such
as toria is grown after rice, cucurbits are grown after potato, tomato, cabbage, broccoli and
cauliflower. With the vast plant biodiversity the insect groups present were also diversified.

COMPONENT II: PREPERATION OF DISEASE, PEST AND INSECT CALENDER

A component of plant protection where preparation of insect pests and disease calendar was
done to study different diseases and pest at different intervals in particular crop. Fixed plot
survey was made to know the diseases and pest in an area in major crop and 2-3 subsidiary
crops.
Major insect pests:-
Stem borer and rice hispa in boro rice, whitefly and tomato fruit borer in tomato, aphids in
okra, cabbage butterfly and the larvae in cabbage, termites and leaf miners in ridge gourd

Major diseases:-

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Leaf blast in boro rice, early blight and bacterial leaf spot in tomato, damping off and yellow
vein mosaic in okra, black rot and alternaria leaf spot in cabbage, alternaria leaf spot and
powdery mildew in ridge gourd

COMPONENT III: TRAINING OR METHOD DEMONSTRATION ON PLANT

PROTECTION MEASURES

Method Demonstration is a teaching method used to communicate an idea where a person

teaches another how to make or do something step by step. Many method demonstrations were
done during the RAWE Programme by the students.

1. Method Demonstration on Rain Water Harvesting was conducted by a RAWEP student,

Sudeshna Ray on 22nd March, 2021at Napam Chapori.

2. Method Demonstration on Drip Irrigation was conducted by a RAWEP student, Malin

Teronpi on 22nd March, 2021at Napam Chapori.

3. Method Demonstration on Hydroponics was conducted by a RAWEP student, Arlin Sen

on 22nd March, 2021at Napam Chapori.

4. Method Demonstration on Integrated Fish and Duck Farming was conducted by a

RAWEP student, Nazmin Sultana on 7thApril, 2021 at Amolapam Village.

5. Method Demonstration on Integrated Farming System was conducted by a RAWEP

student, Bipasha Borkotoky on7thApril, 2021at Amolapam Village.

6. Method Demonstration on Mushroom Cultivation was conducted by a RAWEP student,

Aiush Pratim Saikia on 7th April, 2021at Amolapam Village.

7. Method Demonstration on Seedling Root Treatment of Vegetables with Bioveer was

conducted by a RAWEP student, Aditya Bezbaruah on 8thApril, 2021 at Amolapam
Village

8. Method Demonstration on Compost Pit Preparation was conducted by a RAWEP

student, Barnamala Kalita on 8thApril 2021at Amolapam Village.

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9. Method Demonstration on Green Manuring was conducted by a RAWEP student,
Bhabna Bora on 8th April 2021at Amolapam Village.

10. Method Demonstration on Pheromone Trap was conducted by a RAWEP student, Arkita
Borkakoty on8thApril,, 2021at Napam Chapori.

11. Method Demonstration on Root Dip Treatment Of Ginger Rhizome was conducted by a
RAWEP student, Karishma Paswan on8th April, 2021at Napam Chapori.

12. Method Demonstration on Yellow Sticky Trap was conducted by a RAWEP student,
Srishtty Kashyap on 8thApril, 2021at Napam Chapori.

13. Method Demonstration on Air Layering of guava was conducted by a RAWEP student,
Prapti Saikia on 8th April, 2021at Napam Chapori.

14. Method Demonstration on Bamboo Biochar Production was conducted by a RAWEP

student, Preetam Baruah, on 9ththApril, 2021at Amolapam Village.

15. Method Demonstration on Air Layering on Citrus was conducted by a RAWEP student,
Pranjeet Kalita on 9ththApril, 2021at Amolapam Village.

COMPONENT IV: PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES TAKEN IN HOST

FARMERS CROPS

The host farmer did not use many chemicals to control the pests and diseases in his field as his
approach of farming was leaning more towards organic crop production. However under
severe case of infestation he sought refuge in the chemicals.

Plant protection measures taken in host farmer’s crops were:

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  Indian mustard was used as a trap crop for management of major lepidopterous pests of
cabbage.
 The farming plots were free of weeds as they can serve as a place for the insects to
breed and diseases for incubation.
 Application of ash in pumpkin and brinjal to protect from leaf miners and cut worm.
 Crop rotation was done.
 Application of Boron on the cucurbits when the symptoms started to show.
 Staking of tomato was done.
 Mulching was done to protect the crops from weeds and for water conservation

Some of the protection measures suggested to the farmer by the author were:
 Use of pheromone traps as the lures are not very expensive and the installation of the
traps are easy.
 Use of sticky traps as these can be made at home and can easily attract the insects due
to its color.
The author could not give protection measures by the use of chemicals as the host farmer
preferred only organic ways to control the pests.

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 CHAPTER VII
COURSE NO. RAWEP 413
COURSE TITLE: RURAL ECONOMICS

INTRODUCTION

Rural Economics is the study of rural economies including farm and non-farm industry,
Economic growth, government policies for development and changes, investments and
transportation. Knowing the rural economics of a particular area you are working in is

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important as it tells you about the group of people a person is dealing with and how small
changes can be made to improve it.

COMPONENT I: AGRO- ECONOMIC SURVEY

The host village Napam Chapori comes under Sonitpur district of Assam and is located 12km
away from the District headquarter. It has motorable roads that connects the village to the
main roads.The village Napam has a total population of 4105, of which 2107 are the male
population and 1998 are the female population and about 1343.33 ha cultivable land. The
Police Station is situated at Borghat and the Post office is located at Napam which are 4.8kms
and 1.7kms away from the village respectively. There are 3 LP school,1 M.V school,3 Private
School, 1 Central University(Tezpur university),6 Anganbadi centre and 1 Primary Health
Centre. The literacy rate of the village is 63.9%.
Farming is the primary occupation of the major village population. Most of the farmers are
marginal with an average land holding of less than two. The entire village depends on rainfall
as the main source of irrigation. Rapeseed and potato was the main crop in Rabi season along
with other rabi vegetable with an area of 8 ha. The horticultural crops like coconut, arecanut,
pineapple, citrus, banana, turmeric, ginger, etc were done in an area of 1.33 ha.
The problems faced by the villagers were low socio-economic condition, lack of knowledge,
irrigation and low price of the vegetables due to the current pandemic. Farmers of the village
generally procured HYV of rice and horticultural crops from the local nursery, District
Agriculture Department and Krishi Vigyan Kendra.
The appropriate plans suggested for the socio-economic development of the village were
silkworm rearing, mushroom production, vermicompost production and apiculture as these
enterprises require low investment and could be adopted by landless farmers, house-wives and
unemployed youths.

COMPONENT II: FARM SURVEY AND PLANNING

Farm survey is done to get an estimate of the cost of production from different enterprises and
helps to estimate the production or level of income. A regular farm survey helps to bring about
a lot of improvements in the farm. Farm planning is a technique of making sound decision by

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the farmers and contemplating on the profitable changes in the farm. It is a scheme for the
operation and organization of the farm business.
The total land holding of the farmer is 9 bigha of which about 7.5 bigha is cultivated land and
1.5 bigha is occupied by the host family house, cattle shed and store room. The farmer has not
reserved a specific area of land foe homestead gardening, they take vegetables for
consumption directly from the field. The cost incurred in the production of the major crops
were not high because the host farmer keeps some seeds/ planting material from the previous
year harvest for the next year. There is not much labour cost incurred because the farm
practices are mainly carried out by the host farmer and his family.

COMPONENT III: FAMILY BUDGETING

Family budgeting is important to keep track and control of the overall expenditure so that the
total income of the family can be properly managed and utilized over time.

Table 16: Family expenditure

Sl no. Sector Annual expense (Rs.)

1 Food 21925
2 Clothing 5,000
3 Fuel and lighting 1,20000
4 Housing and repairs 3,500
5 Medicines 3,000
6 Ceremonies and function 1,500
Total

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 CHAPTER VIII

COURSE NO: RAWEP 414 (II)

COURSE TITLE: EXTENSION
PROGRAMME

COMPONENT I: SITUATION ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Situation analysis and problem identification of farmers of the village should be done in order
to analyze the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats of the village. It is the first step

43 | P a g e
we should follow for village upliftment as without knowing the problems we can’t suggest any
remedial method for village to follow.
Major problems of the farmers in the author’s host host village were no availability of storage
facilities, no availability of irrigation facilities, shortage of labour and high labour charges,
lack of processing unit for fruits and vegetables, lack of easy accessibility of seeds, fertilizers
and pesticides, lack of skilled manpower, unemployment, small and scattered farm holding,
low literacy level amongst farmers, Lack of knowledge on fair prices of agricultural produce,
bad network of mobile and T.V were the communication problem. Transportation problem did
not exist in the village. While going through the problems of village we could say that various
training was needed in the village like plant protection, IFS, mushroom cultivation,
vermicomposting etc. Extension practices like field visit, mini kit, night school etc. In order to
know the situation of the village various field visit were made.

COMPONENT II: ON- GOING EXTENSION PROGRAMMES AND THEIR

IMPACTS

The Government designs many schemes and extension programmes for improving the
agricultural sector of the country and also for improving the standard of living of farmers
within a definite time frame. The main objectives of agricultural policies are to remove the
major problems of agricultural sector related to lack of awareness, improper and inefficient
use of natural resources, predominance of low value agriculture, low cost-benefit ratio and
insignificant progress of cooperative farming and other SHGs. There are various schemes
which will definitely benefit the farmer and other grower. These schemes are brought to the
farmer through on-going extension programmes under various organizations / Govt.
departments/ NGOs in the villages, KVK, ATMA etc.
A PRA method was conducted to know the influence of different institutions over the host
village. It was determined that the institutions like SHGs, schools, colleges, cooperative
societies, gaon panchayat, block, agricultural development office, SDO, and NGOs had
contributed to some extent towards village development. Among the on-going extension
programmes under various organizations / Govt. departments/ NGOs in the villages, Krishi
Vigyan Kendra, Sonitpur played a vital role in performing many extension programmes like
on-farm trial, frontline demonstrations, training of farmers etc. Need based trainings are also
44 | P a g e
provided at regular basis to develop the socioeconomic status of the rural population such as
training on scientific mushroom cultivation, behavioural problems of children, precision
farming, health management in livestock etc. The Department of Agriculture was functioning
with many prospects, implementing National Agricultural Extension Project under which the
demonstrations on the agricultural technology, practices were done along with other plans.
Other programmes were National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Rashtriya Krishi Vikas
Yojana (RKVY), Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI), National Food
Security Mission (NFSM), Assam Vikas Yojana, Assam Agricultural Competiveness Project
etc. The ATMA provided functions like seed distribution, training on marketing value
addition, fertilizer distribution, cultivation of crops on experimental basis, Goatery, poultry,
Fish seed distribution, Composite fish culture. The village institutions prevailing in the village
were Panchayat, co-operative society etc. The success stories of some also depict the status of
the rural people by defining that there are people or individuals who were adapting themselves
with the developing environment and getting success from their approach.

COMPONENT III: DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY

Dissemination of agricultural technology from the lab to the farmer’s field is the primary role
of an extension personnel. During the course of RAWEP the student’s tried to disseminate
some of the agricultural technologies through Method Demonstrations and the Information
center. Many models of agricultural technologies were presented by the RAWEP students also
a lot many Method Demonstartions were carried out to help the farmer’s of Napam and
Amolapam. A brief record of technologies highlighted is given in the Annexure. Method
demonstration and the Information Centre has not only helped the farmers but has helped the
students as well in having a better understanding about the problems that are faced by the
farmer’s of the state. The success of the exhibition and the Method Demonstration can be
gauged from the fact that it was well attended by the public. The author could not perform her
Merhod Demonstration on pit fall trap due to the sudden lockdown that was announced in the
state.

COMPONENT IV: PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES

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Participation in community activities helps in realizing the responsibility of a person towards
the society.
On 28th February, 2021: National Science Day was organized at KVK, Sonitpur. The Rawep
students organized an art competition among the students of MV School and a quiz
competition among the students of different school and college.
On 3rd march, 2021: World Wildlife Day was celebrated at Azad Memorial LP School,
Napam. The RAWEP students planted trees in the school campus along with the head master
and the students. Inauguration of the wall magazine named "RUPANTOR" prepared by the
RAWEP students was also done.
On 8th march, 2021: International Women's Day was celebrated at KVK Sonitpur. 5 women
of different sectors were invited to share their journey with the youths. The RAWEP students
performed a drama named "Jagoron" and a group song.
On 9th march, 2021: The RAWEP students organized an information centre which was
inaugurated by DAO sir and head of KVK Dr. P. C. Deka at Amolapam.
On 22nd march, 2021: World Water Day was celebrated at the KVK where the KVK staff
organized an extempore speech competition among the RAWEP students. The RAWEP
student also performed Method Demonstrations related to World Water Day at Napam
Chapori
On 1st April, 2021: The staff member of KVK and the RAWEP students observed 53rd
Foundation Day of AAU at KVK Sonitpur and we had carried out Swaccha Bharat Abhiyan at
KVK campus.
Other Extension activities undertaken:
Village Mapping: It is one of the most important tools for participatory Rural Appraisal that
allowed the RAWEP students to interact with the village community which also helps in
getting an estimate of the total area of the village and the land utilized for different purposes.
Transect Walk: After allotment of host farmers the students went on a transect walk along
with few farmers. The main motive of carrying out the transect walk was to collect the basic
information about the village like the land situation, soil type, geography, cropping pattern,
crops cultivated, livestock reared, inputs used in agriculture and the problems of the host
village.

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 CHAPTER IX

COURSE NO: RAWEP 414 (III)

COURSE TITLE: ATTACHMENT WITH
RARS/ KVK AND AGRO INDUSTRIES

COMPONENT I: VISIT TO AGRO BASED INDUSTRIES

A virtual visit to an agro based industry named Pabhoi Greens was arranged on 10th June,
2021. The farm was started by late Dr. Hemen Dutta and is now currently owned by his
successor Mr. Neelam Dutta. The RAWEP students were taken on a virtual tour of the farm
along with Question and Answer sessions in between. Pabhoi Greens is renowned due to its
48 | P a g e
organic farming background and is certified organic. Various agricultural components are
integrated together in the farm like apiculture, pisciculture, mushroom cultivation, rice
cultivation, azolla cultivation, horticulture crops cultivation, vermicompost production
(350MT/year). They also produce and breed organic seeds, carry out budding and grafting,
tissue culture and also provide training to the people. Pabohi Greens is a farming industry with
a total land of 12ha of which 6ha of land is owned and the rest is taken in lease. The farm has
a rich germplasm of rice; 128 germplasm in number. They cultivate 12 varieties of capsicum,
54 varieties of tomato, 14 varieties of lettuce, 6 varieties of gourds and 6 varieties of okra.
According to the farm owner the farm has certain Strength, Weaknesses, opportunity and
Threat. The main strength of the farm is that the people are very honest and hardworking.
Weakness of the farm is the lack of knowledge of the people and maintaining a supply chain.
Some opportunities of the farm are the market gap and demand of good quality produce and
the threats are mainly the government policies and the lack of awareness in the society. The
farm makes an annual turnover of Rs.50-60 lakhs.

COMPONENT II: ATTACHMENT TO THE RARS/KVK

Agriculture is what links this country with more than half of the population still dependent on
it for their livelihood. Realizing the importance, the Indian Government decided to plan and
invest accordingly for the development of agriculture. Keeping these aims in mind the scheme
of Krishi Vigyan Kendra was initiated by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Krishi
Vigyan Kendra acts as a medium to reduce the time lag between technology generation and
their transfer by providing trainings, conducting on farm trials and frontline demonstrations.

KVK, SONITPUR PROFILE

Location: Napam near Tezpur University, Sonitpur

Year of establishment: 1981
Host Organization: Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
Area of Work: Sonitpur district under North Bank Plain Zone
History: The KVK, Sonitpur began its functioning in 1981 in a rented house in Tezpur town
and later on shifted to its current permanent site in Napam on 10th November, 1982. The KVK,
Sonitpur has played a very significant role over the years in bringing about agricultural
development in the area. They have successfully led to the transfer of new technologies from
laboratories to the target group of people. The KVK, Sonitpur is sanctioned by ICAR and is
under the administrative control of AAU, Jorhat.
Mandates of the KVK:
 To provide training to the farmers, rural people and extension personnel to improve
their knowledge and skill of the field.
 To carry out Frontline Demonstrations in the farmers field.
49 | P a g e
  To organize On Farm Trials to identify the location and specific technology followed
under various farming systems.

Functions of KVK:
 To conduct On Farm Testing in crop production, livestock management, fishery
management, sericulture etc.
 To conduct field level demonstration in major crops of the district and other enterprises
related to agriculture.
 To organize need based vocational training programmes and allied fields for farmers,
rural youths and school dropouts.
 To organize in-service training programs for field level functionaries to update their
knowledge in recent advances in the field of agriculture and allied subjects.

Table 17: Staff of KVK, Sonitpur

SL. No. Name Designation Discipline

1. Dr. Promod Chandra Deka Head Horticulture

2. Dr.Arifa Momtaz Begum SMS Community Science

3. Mrs. Sanjukta Saikia SMS Plant Protection

4. Dr. Bhrigu Kumar Neog SMS Animal Science

5. Dr. Namita Dutta SMS Soil Science

6. Ms.Angana Sarmah SMS Horticulture

7. Ms.Roji Chutia SMS Agronomy

8. Vacant Programme Assistant

9. Mrs. Sarmistha Borgohain Programme Assistant Computer Programming

& Application

10. Mr. Rajib Singh Farm Manager Agril.Econ.

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 11. Mr. Uttam Jyoti Sarma Office superintendent -
cum Accountant

12. Mr. Jitam Kashyap Jr. steno cum Computer -

Operator

13. Mr. Narayan Nath Driver cum Mechanic -

14. Mr. Ghana Gowala Driver cum Mechanic -

15. Mr. Chatrajit Deka Supporting staff -

16. Mr. Nava Kumar Baishya Supporting staff -

Major thrust area of research:

 Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM),
Integrated Disease Management (IDM) and Integrated Weed Management (IDM) for
sustainable agriculture.
 Disease control of livestock by providing vaccination in time and deworming
regularly.
 Integrated Farming System (IFS) approach in crops and animal production.
 Enhancing production and productivity of rice, potato, sugarcane, oilseeds and
vegetables.
 Increasing awareness in rural women on nutrition, health and hygiene.

Table 18: Training programmes conducted by KVK, Sonitpur

Sl No. Title of the training Discipline

1. Integrated farming system Agronomy
2. Improved management practices for rearing of Animal husbandary
low input technology poultry
3. Vocational training on fruits and vegetables Home science
preservation for income generation
4. Precautionary measures to be taken to fight Home science
against COVID-19
5. Vocational training on mushroom production Plant pathology
technology for self employment
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 6. Vermicompost production technology and its Soil science
use

On Farm Trials: On field trials are an easy way for the farmer’s to learn how practices,
products and equipment will work in their cropping system. It enables the farmers to
participate in the evaluation of treatments under situations very similar to those of the farmers.
Some of the On Farm Trials conducted by KVK, Sonitpur during 2021 are:
 Performance of short duration Sali rice varieties viz. TTB 404 and Numoli.
 Adoption of nutrient management techniques for fibre yield maximisation in olitorius jute.
 To observe the effect of row spacing on the productivity of irrigated wheat.
 Introduction of Buckwheat in Sonitpur district.
 Application of Zinc and Boron in combination in Hybrid rice.
 Integrated Nutrient Management in field pea under relay cropping with Sali rice.
 Assessment of performance of different species of summer mushroom in Sonitpur district
of Assam.
 Biological suppression of Rice pests (IPM module for management of pests and disease in
rice).
 Processing and waste utilization of Watermelon.
 Value addition of Aloevera crop.
 Evaluation of production and reproductive performance of Rainbow rooster chicken.
Front Line Demonstrations: Front Line Demonstration is a unique approach to provide a
direct interface between researcher and farmers as the scientists are directly involved in
planning, execution and monitoring of the demonstrations for the technologies developed by
them and get direct feedback from the farmer’s field about the crops.
Some of the Front Line Demonstrations carried out by the KVK, Sonitpur during 2021are:
 Provision of Ranjit Sub 1 Sali Rice variety , TS-67 Toria variety seeds to the farmers
along with fertilizers for demonstration.
 Provision of hybrid variety of Maize and QPM (Quality Protein Maize) seeds to the
farmers along with fertilizers to conduct demonstration.
 Production of Oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus) using spawn polybags.
 Provision of Rice varieties CR Dhan-310 and Bina Dhan-11 seeds to the farmers along
with fertilizers for demonstration.
 Scientific bee keeping of the variety Aphis cinensis for increasing agricultural
productivity.
 Provision of Hampshire (50%) to farmers for rearing along with vaccines and
supplementary veterinary medicines.
 Provision of DOCs of Kamrupa a multi coloured bird for rural poultry production to
farmers for rearing along with vaccines and veterinary medicines.
 Provision of DOCs of BV380 to farmers for rearing along with vaccines and veterinary
medicines.

52 | P a g e
  Provision of watermelon varieties Saraswati and Sugar baby seeds to the farmers and
fertilizers to conduct demonstration; provision of pheromone traps and lure for
controlling pest.
 Provision of transplants of hybrid napier (CO4) as improved fodder for demonstration.
 Provision for establishing nutrition garden by providing vegetables seed, planting
material and vermicompost for demonstration.
Familiarization with laboratory equipments: The main objective of familiarization with
laboratory equipment is so that the equipment can be operated in a controlled and safe manner
as lab machines are complex scientific tools.
Some of the Laboratory equipment in the KVK, Sonitpur for soil sampling methods are:
 pH meter
 EC meter
 Kjeldahl apparatus
 Spectrophotometer
 Flame photometer
 Rotary shaker
 Oven
 Mridaparikshak

GATE

PINEAPPLE & MEDICINAL & BANANA &

BANANA PLOT AROMATIC PINEAPPLE PLOT
PLOT

FLOWER KVK MAIN

BAMBOO
GARDEN OFFICE
INTEGRATED GARMING SYSTEM NURSERY

53 | P a g e
 ATIC

CITRUS BLOCK

POLYHOUSE MUSHROOM UNIT KVK

TRAINING HALL FARM

GOATERY UNIT FARM

MACHINE QUAIL
RY UNIT

AZOLLA & VERMICOMPOST UNIT FODDER POULT PIGGER

PLOT RY UNIT Y UNIT
KVK FARM

QUATERS

Figure 9:KVK Farm map

WORKS IN ATTACHMENT WITH KVK

A number of activities were performed in attachment with the KVK, Sonitpur. The activities
performed are enlisted below:
1. 21/02/21: Director of ATARI, Zone-IV visited KVK, Sonitpur
a. Dr. A.K. Tripathi, Director of ATARI, Zone-IV visited KVK along with his
wife. We had an interactive session.
b. Three activities were put forward by the RAWEP students; a chorus, group
dance and a solo dance performance.
c. The gathering was addressed by Dr. A.K. Tripathi and the Head of KVK Dr.
P.C.Deka.

54 | P a g e
2. 22/02/21: Workshop on Management and Maintenance Training of Rice
Knowldege Bank
a. A workshop was held for the RAWEP students and some progressive farmers to
inform about the new RKB website which helps in better management and
production of rice.
b. At first everything that the website consists of and what it is capable of was told
to the gathering and later some group activities were done to understand how
effective and easy the website was to use for an individual.

3. 25/02/21- 26/02/21: Horticultural Show cum Workshop

a. It was a two day program held at Hem Baruah Hall which was attended by
RAWEP students of KVK, Sonitpur and some progressive farmers.
b. The horticultural show showcased many types of flowers and vegetables.
c. The gathering was addressed by Mr.R.K.Singh a very renowned man in the area
for his skills in horticulture where he encouraged mainly women folks and
unemployed youths to work on horticultural crops.
d. The gathering was also addressed by Dr.H.C.Bhattacharya, Dean of Dafffodil
College of Horticulture about nursery raising.

4. 25/02/21: Training on Seed Management of Potato Using Farmers Field School

The training programme was attended by the RAWEP students. Under the programme
different varieties of potatoes were tasted by several volunteers for evaluating the best
variety of choice.

5. 28/02/21: National Science Day

a. Students from Napam M.V. School , Dimesnion Academy and Darang college
celebrated National Science Day along with the RAWEP students nd KVK staff
members.
b. The gathering was addressed by Dr. D.C.Borah, Professor. Dept. of Energy,
Tezpur University.
c. A quiz competition and a drawing competition for the students of different
schools and colleges were organized by the RAWEP students.

6. 3/03/21: World Wildlife Day

i. Wall magazine (Rupantor) was inaugurated in KVK by the head of KVK
Dr.P.C.Deka .
ii. World Wildlife Day was celebrated in Azad Memorial School, Napam.
The RAWEP students along with the head master of the school and the
students of the school planted saplings Planted of Neem and Deodar in
the school ground.

55 | P a g e
7. 08/03/21: International Women’s Day
a. Five successful women farmers/entrepreneurs namely, Nivedita Borah, Jamini
kalita, Lakhima devi borah, Dipali Mondol and Monumita Borgohain were
invited for the celebration of International Women’s Day in KVK.
b. The invited guests were felicitated by the head of KVK Dr. P.C. Deka. The
guests also shared their journey to success with the gathering.
c. A group skit, song and two speeches were organized by the RAWEP students.

8. 18/03/21: Workshop on “Petroleum Product Conservation in Agriculture sector

a. The Workshop was sponsored by Petroleum Conservation Research
Organization.
b. The guest speaker was Mr. Pradeep Kumar Borah, Director, The North Eastern
Regional Institute of Water and Land Management, Tezpur.
c. The workshop was attended by some farmers and the RAWEP students where
they were told about the misuse of petroleum products by farmers due to lack of
knowledge and how awareness must be created.
d.
9. 22/03/21: World Water Day
a. World water Day was celebrated in the KVK by conducting an extempore
speech competition among the RAWEP students.
b. A small meeting was organized at Napam chapori , where all the students, KVK
staff and farmer’s gathered.
c. Three students performed method demonstration on topics related to water:
hydroponics, Rainwater harvesting and Drip irrigation system.

10. 01/04/21: AAU Foundation Day

a. The programme began by cleaning the premises of KVK( Swaccha Bharat
Abhiyan).
b. Flag was hoisted by head of KVK Dr. Promod Chandra Deka in the presence of
all the KVK staff members and RAWEP students.
c. An interactive session was arranged where the students as well as some KVK
staff members shared their College experience.

56 | P a g e
 CHAPTER X: 57 | P a g e

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Agriculture has been the backbone of Indian economy for a long time. Hence, the country’s
economic condition depends on the success of agriculture. About 70% of the Indian
population reside in the rural area and depends on agriculture for their livelihood as a result
the government invested a huge sum on the various projects and researches pertaining to
agriculture .In the process ,the scientists had gained immense success in developing all
possible technologies which were required to increased the yield of the agricultural
produce .The RAWE Programme upgraded the skill of the students to know about the
agro-economic scenario of the host village. The needs and problems of the villagers related to
agriculture came to the forefront and the significant role that had been played by the
58 | P a g e
Government and Extension Officers in developing the farming sector was analyzed. The
utilization of irrigation facilities paved the way for commercialization of agriculture in
place of subsistence farming, which played a pivotal role in raising the level of income of
the farming community. Moreover the peasant, women and youth power of the village could
no longer attain the best developmental status until & unless the Government institutions
plays a crucial role towards uplifting the grassroot level beneficiaries.
Thus, it has been observed that the village has many negative aspects but it can be suitably
neutralized by responding to its positive aspects and following the right cultivation
technologies through a little help from the government mostly related to irrigation facilities,
cold chain storage, correct value for the produce and through their own concentrated efforts. If
the host village could meet the challenges and opportunities open to it then it can definitely
increase its agricultural output and also become self-sufficient and independent from financial
pressures. The RAWE Pprogramme proved to be of great benefit for the graduating students
as it honoured the technical, social, cultural, economic, geographical and ecological
knowledge apart from upgrading the agricultural skills. It motivated the students to think
beyond the comfort zone and do something for those communities which were always
under the hold of pain, poverty and grief. Agriculture had been the backbone of our
rural communities and it was the ultimate duty of the students of Agricultural Universities
to work for the upliftment of people engaged in this sector. The rural communities were
hardworking and they all were rich in resources by themselves, all they needed was a little
guidance to carry out the field works in better manner, it is the sole responsibility of the
agricultural professionals to identify the potential resources and to guide the farmers in the
right direction. There is no doubt that our nation had progressed a lot in various fields
including agriculture but it still had not reached the rural masses fully and it still has miles to
go. Only through the serious and continuous effort we can achieve the desired rate of progress
and development. Thus, adequate steps should be taken from all concerned directions so as to
utilize potential of agricultural sector of the country in right earnest.

59 | P a g e
 60 | P a g e
CHAPTER XI
ANNEXURES
 ANNEXURE III(a)

Course no: RAWEP415: Course Title: Crop Production

Component I: cropping pattern and assessment of available resources

Roll number: 2017-AJ-42

Name of the college: College of Agriculture, Jorhat
Name of the station: KVK, Sonitpur
Name of the farmer: Mr. Biswajit Hazarika
Address of the farmer: Napam Chapori, Sonitpur
1. Year and season: 2021, Kharif
i. Survey number or location of the field: Napam Chapori
61 | P a g e
 ii. Area of the plot(In ha):
2. Land situation (High land/ medium land/ low land/ others): Medium land
3. Soil type (textural group): Sandy loam
4. Hydrological situation (like ground water level, level/height of inundation during monsoon
etc.): ground water level 5.4m
5. Previous crops
PARTICULARS CROP 1 CROP 2 CROP 3
Previous crop grown Toria Potato Tomato
Variety Nainital loal
Area(ha) 0.2ha 0.13ha 0.1ha
Manures FYM FYM FYM
Fertilizers (kg/ha) - - -
Yield 3 quintals 10 quintals 5 quintals
Return(Rs.) Rs. 60/kg Rs.20/kg Rs. 20/kg
=60 * 300 =20*1000 =20*500
=18000 =20000 =10000

2. Present crops
PARTICULARS CROP 1 CROP 2 CROP 3
Crops grown Colocasia Okra Beans
Variety grown local raadhika Master beans
Manures/ fertilizers FYM FYM FYM
No. of Ploughings 2 1 1
No. of harrowing 2 - -
Implements used Disc plough Disc plough Disc plough
Disc harrow
Irrigation schedule 1st irrigation- after 1st irrigation- after 1st irrigation-
planting sowing after sowing
2nd irrigation – a Subsequent Subsequent
week after planting irrigation is given at irrigation is
Irrigation is given at a 10-15 days given as and
an interval of 15 interval. when required.
days.
Soil and water Mulching Mulching -
conservation
measures
Drainage operations done - -
Other intercultural Weeding Earthing up Weeding
operations Hoeing Weeding staking
Earthing up
Area (ha) 0.2ha 0.066ha 0.066ha
Yield
Returns

7. Weather data:
62 | P a g e
 i). Rainfall during the crop period and its distribution: Rainfall during the crop period was
not consistent and non uniform.
ii). No. of rainy days:11 days
iii). Drought spell during the crop period:
iv).Crop stage at which it was subjected to drought/ flood: Nil
v) Whether the weather conditions were optimum to the crop? Specify: No the weather
conditions were not optimum for the crops because the weather parameters were not uniform
and consistent according to the crop requirement.

ANNEXURE III (b)

Component II: Cultural management

A. Seed/ Planting material

PARTICULARS Colocasia Okra Beans

i). Source Previous year Sonitpur nursery Sonitpur nursery

ii). Cultivar Local variety Raadhika Mater beans

iii). Seed/ Not done Not done Not done

planting material
treatment
iv). Date of 27/2/2021 22/3/2021 22/3/2021
sowing/ planting

63 | P a g e
v).Seed rate 700kg/ha 7.57kg/ha 7.57kg/ha

vi). Method of Planting in furrows Line sowing and Line sowing and
sowing/ planting dibbling dibbling
vii). Spacing (cm) 45cm 30cm 15cm

B. Weed Control

Particulars Colocasia Okra Beans

Weed intensity vegetative stage- Pre emergence- 2 Pre emergence-3
(sq. m) @ diff. 5 Seedling stage- 5 Seedling stage-7
stages of
growth
Number of 3 2 2
weeding
Implements Weeder khurpi khurpi
used khurpi
Records on Ageratum spp. Cynodon dactylon Cynodon dactylon
most prevalent Cynodon Cyperus rotundus Cyperus rotundus
weeds dactylon
Details of Nil Nil Nil
herbicide used
Whether yes yes yes
weeding
operations are
performed in
time

C. Irrigation

PARTICULARS Colocasia Okra Beans

i). source of water Tube well Tube well Tube well

ii). Method of Flooding system Watering at the Watering at the

64 | P a g e
irrigation base of the plant base
iii). Depth of 5cm -
irrigation
iv).number of 1st irrigation- after 1st irrigation- after 1st irrigation – after
irrigation planting sowing sowing
2nd irrigation- a Subsequent Subsequent
week after planting irrigation at an irrigation at an
Subsequent interval of 10-15 interval of 15 days
irrigation at an days
interval of 15 days.
v). time of Evening Evening Evening
irrigation
vi). Drainage yes yes yes
facilities

D. Special Operation

PARTICULARS Colocasia Okra Beans

i). thinning/ gap - Gap filling Thinning
filling And gap filling
ii). Training/ Nil Nil yes
pruning
iii). Method and Nil Nil Training- vegetative
stage of training stage using a stick
and pruning to support its frame

iv).Propping, Nil Earthing up Earthing up

wrapping, staking
smudging and
cleaning

ANNEXURE III (c)

COMPONENT III: NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OF CROPS

Manures and Manuring

PARTICULA CROPS
RS Colocasia okra Beans cucurbits

65 | P a g e
Organic - - - -
manures and
rate of
application(q/h
a)
Source of FYM FYM FYM FYM
nutrients and Borax
rate of
application(kg/
ha)
Fertilizer No No No No
schedule as per
Recommendati
ons ?
Time of Only organic Only organic Only Borax is
fertilizer manures are manures are organic applied
application applied applied manures are when the
Method of during land during land applied deficiency
application preparation preparation during land symptoms
preparation starts to
show
If fertilizers No No No No
applied at
optimum time
and
recommended
method
Micronutrients - - - -
and rate of
application
Soil FYM FYM FYM FYM

66 | P a g e
amendments, if
any
Other - - - -
particulars

ANNEXURE III (d)

COMPONENT IV: HARVESTING AND POST HARVEST OPERATIONS

1.Harvesting, processing and storage:

PARTICULARS CROPS
Mustard Okra Potato
Symptoms of Dropping of Tender green The entire
maturity flowers and color plant fried up
yellowing of
siliqua
Method of harvest Uprooting the Picking with Manually
entire plant hands picking the
tubers
No of pickings / 1 3 1
plucking
67 | P a g e
Mode of transpor Man labour Man labour Man labour
tation
Storage after Sundried in In gunny bags In gunny bags
harvesting tarpaulins and
stored in bins
Method and Sun drying for Not done Sun drying for
duration of drying a day a day
Method of Trampling by Nil Nil
threshing cattles,
Winnowing ,drying winnowing
, bagging etc. done manually,
Sun dried and
stored
Processing Yes No No
Mode of Local agents Cycle and Cycle and
transportation to comes to pick motorbike motorbike
storage or market up the produce
from farmer’s
house
Method of storage Everything is Nil Store in cool
for non-seed sold to the dry place in
agent gunny bags
Protection against The seeds are Nil Nil
storage pests and not stored
diseases
Record of Nil Nil Nil
processing and
value addition

2.Yields and Returns

68 | P a g e
Particulars Mustard Okra Potato Beans

i). grain yield 1500kg/ha 6060 kg/ha 7692kg/ha 2272kg/ha

(kg/ha)

ii). Straw yield 3000kg/ha - - -

(kg/ha)
iii). Price of other Rs. 60/kg - - -
by products (Rs.) seed
The straw is
used for
mulching

ANNEXURE III (e)

INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM (IFS)

A.Economies of different components:

Components Area/ Cost Of Return Net profit

No. Production
Crops:
Potato 0.13 Rs.2400 Rs. 20000 Rs. 17600
Mustard 0.2ha - Rs.18000 Rs.18000
Tomato 0.1ha Rs.655 Rs.10000 Rs.9345
Okra 0.06ha Rs.1000 Rs.4000 Rs.3000
Beans 0.06ha Rs.750 Rs.3000 Rs.2250

Cattle 6 in nos. Rs.4000 (in Rs.1,80,000 Rs.1,76,000

calcium (previous year)
powder)
Goats 6 in nos. - Rs.40,000 Rs.40,000
(previous
year)
Chicken 11 in Rs.200 in Rs.2300 Rs.2100
nos. vaccination
Ducks 3 in nos. - Rs.3500 Rs.3500
69 | P a g e
Pigeon 3 pairs - Home -
consumption
B. Describe the integration among the different components
The farmer uses cow dung from the cattle’s for crop production, the milk from the cow is used
for selling and for home consumption. A portion of crops that are not sold in the market or
used for home consumption are fed to the cattle’s. After harvesting of the crops the green
residues are fed to the goat. The ducks and chicken feeds on the insect found in the field
therefore keeping the soil borne insects away.

C. Possible intervention and profit

The farmer can start a vermi composting unit as he has cattles and goats in hi farm along with
the crop residues. He can set up a fish cum duck unit since he already has ducks in his farm.
He could also dry and sieve the excess goat litter and sell it to other farmers or in the market.
He can also use a part of land for growing banana as the water requirement of the crop is not
very high and the pseudostem can be used for vermin composting or can be fed to the
livestock.

ANNEXURE IV (a)

COMPONENT I: SURVEY AND SURVEILLANCE OF MAJOR PESTS AND

DISEASE COMPLEXES OF THE CROPS GROWN IN THE PARTICULAR
COMPONENTS

CROP: BoroRice

70 | P a g e
 INFORMATION
Date of 22-02- 04-03- 15-03- 16-03- 20-03-2021
record 2021 2021 2021 2021
Name of Ramjan HafijurRa ChandMi NoorUdd NoorUddin Ali
the Ali hman ya in Ali
farmer
Name of Napam Amolapam Napam Amolapa Amolapam
the m
village
Name of Local Local Local PAC 837 PAC 837
variety (No.15) (No.15) (No.15)
Name of Stem Stem Stem Rice Stem Borer
pest Borer Borer Borer Hispa
Rice Hispa Rice
Hispa
Stage of Early Early Early Early Early Tillering
infestatio Tillering Tillering Tillering Tillering
n
Name of Leaf Leaf Blast Leaf - -
disease Blast Blast
Stage of Tillering Tillering Tillering Tillering Tillering
infection
Intensity Moderat Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
of e (in some (in some
infestatio plot plot
n by the affected by affected
major Rice hispa; by Rice
pest 2-3 hispa; 2-
damaged 3
leaves/hill) damaged
leaves/hil
l)
Sympto Dead Dead heart Dead White Dead heart ; Brown
ms heart by by Stem heart by streaks on coloured egg mass
produce Stem borer Stem leaves near leaf tip
d by the borer White borer
pest streaks on
leaves by
Rice Hispa
Sympto Water Water Water Water Water soaked Spindle
ms soaked soaked soaked soaked shaped spots on
produce Spindle Spindle Spindle Spindle leaves
d by the shaped shaped shaped shaped
disease spots on spots on spots on spots on
leaves leaves leaves leaves
Manage Applicat Applicatio Applicati
ment of ion of n of on of - -
the pest Chlorpy Chlorpyrip Chlorpyri
riphos hos phos
@ 2ml/l @2ml/l @2ml/l
water water water
Manage Sprayin Sprayingof Spraying - -
ment of g Mancozeb ofManco 71 | P a g e
the ofManc @ 1g/l of zeb@
disease ozeb@ water 1g/l of
1g/l of water
water
CROP: Tomato

INFORMATION
Date of 19-02-2021 20-02-2021 24-02-2021 03-03-2021 07-03-2021
record
Name of the Abdul Suren Suruj Ali ChandMiya BiswajitHazarik
farmer Sattar Borah a
Name of the Napam Napam Amolapam Napam Napam
village
Name of Local Local Trishul Local Local
variety
Name of Whitefly Tomato Tomato Tomato Tomato Fruit
pest Fruit Borer Fruit Borer Fruit Borer Borer
Stage of Flowering Fruiting Fruiting Fruiting Fruiting
infestation &Fruiting
Name of Leaf curl of Early Blight Fusarium Late blight Bacterial Leaf
disease tomato Wilt Spot

Stage of Flowering Fruiting Fruiting Fruiting Fruiting

infection &Fruiting
Intensity of Moderate Minor Minor Moderate Moderate
infestation
by the
major pest
Symptoms Chlorotic Circular Circular Circular Circular holes
produced by spots on holes on the holes on the holes on the on the fruit
the pest leaves; fruit bored fruit bored fruit bored bored by the
yellowing by the pest by the pest by the pest pest
and
downward
curling and
drying of
leaves
Symptoms Leaflets roll
Irregular Yellowing Small faded Small brown,
produced by upward and brown to and wilting green water soaked,
the disease downward; dark brown of lower patches on circular spots
small and spots with leaves; upper with yellowish
dry fruits; concentric Browning surface of halo on leaves;
upward leaf rings in the of vascular leaves Small water
cupping; leaves, system which turn soaked lesions
stuntimg of Zonate into brown on green fruit
plants lesions on spots
stem and
petioles
Managemen No Spraying of Spraying of Spraying of Spraying of
t of the pest managemen Azadirachti Azadirachti Azadirachti Azadirachtin 1.0
72 | P a g e
 t n 1.0 % n 1.0 % n 1.0 % % E.C@ 2.0
E.C@ 2.0 E.C@ 2.0 E.C@ 2.0 ml/l of water
ml/l of ml/l of ml/l of
water water water
Managemen Uprooting Spraying Application Spraying Not done
t of the and burning of of Antracol of
disease of infected Mancozeb @ 10ml/ 15 Mancozeb
plants @ 1g/l of l of @ 1g/l of
water water/bigha water
ITK Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

Crop: Okra

INFORMATION
Date of Record 30/03/2021 05/04/2021 27/02/2021 08/04/2021
Name Of Farmer HabiburRahman Eyazuddin NoorUddin Abdul Sattar
Ahmed Ahmed
Name Of The Napam Amolapam Amolapam Napam
Village
Name Of Variety Basanti Chameli NOH-15 Mastor&Durga
Name Of Pest Aphids Aphids Aphids Aphids
Stage of infection Vegetative Vegetative Vegetative Vegetative
Name Of Disease Damping off Damping off Yellow Vein Yellow Vein
Mosaic Mosaic
Stage Of infection Seedling Seedling Seedling Vegetative
Intensity Of The Low Minor Minor Minor
Infection By the
major pest
Intensity Of The Low Moderate Moderate Moderate
Infection By The
Major Disease
Symtoms Wilting and Distortion of Wilting Wilting of
produced by the distortion of leaves leaves
pest leaves and
young shoots
Management of Not done Neem leaves Uprooting of No
Pest infected plants management
Symptoms Water soaked Poor Yellowing of Yellowing of
Produced Disease lesions at the emergence, veins of the veins of the
73 | P a g e
 soil surface, death of infected plants infected plants
wilted plants emerging
seedling
Management Of Dead seedlings Mancozeb Actara 25 WG No
Disease removed 0.5g/l to control management
vector and
uprooting of
infected plants
ITK Nil Nil Nil Nil

Crop: Cabbage

INFORMATION
Date of Record 25/02/2021 22/02/2021 16/03/2021 23/02/2021
Name Of Sharfat Ali Suruj Ali Siddik Ali Ismail Ali
Farmer
Name Of The Napam Amollapam Amollapam Napam
Village
Name Of Local Wonderball CO2 Lucky ball
Variety
Name Of Pest Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage
Butterfly Butterfly butterfly larva butterfly
Stage of Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting
infection
Name Of Black Rot Alternaria leaf Alternaria leaf Alternaria leaf
Disease spot spot spot
Stage Of Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting Harvesting
infection
Intensity Of Moderate Minor Moderate Moderate
The Infection
By the major
pest
Intensity Of Moderate Minor Moderate Moderate
The Infection
By The Major
Disease
Symptoms Damage on Holes on Large holes in Large holes
produced by the the cabbage outer leaves, the outer on outer
74 | P a g e
 pest head and large Catterpillars
leaves. Also leaves
holes on the are often the damage to
outer leaves. found on the
the cabbage
leaves head may be
visible in the
inner leaves
when the
heart is cut
through.
Catterpillars
excrement are
often found
on the leaves
Management of Spraying of Application of No Remove
Pest Malathion50 profex super management infected
E.C @1.5 ml/l leaves
of water
Symptoms Yellow-brown Small Yellow, dark Sooty Black
Produced spots on leaf irregular brown to spots on
Disease margin and brown spots black circular leaves, Spots
midrib on the upper leaf spots with have darker
surface of the target like, centre, leaves
leaves concentric turn yellow
rings and die
Management Of Not done Chlorothalonil No Weeding,
Disease 75% WP management remove and
destroy
infected
leaves
ITK Nil Nil Nil Nil

Crop: .Ridge gourd

INFORMATION
Date of 26/2/21 10/4/21 24/3/21 25/3/21 19/3/21 10/4/21
record 30/3/21
5/4/21
Name of Allal Rajeshwarsi Nooruddi Surujali Harunrashid Mumta
the farmer Uddin ngh nali zali
Name of Napam Amolapam Amolapa Amolapa Amolapam Napam
the village m m
Name of Local Naga US 507 Malika Malika Local
the variety
Name of Termite Alternaria Leaf Downy Lady bird Powder
pest/ leaf spot miner mildew beetle y
75 | P a g e
Disease/ mildew
Nematode
Intensity Mild Low minor Minor Minor Minor
of
Infestation
Symptoms The plant Dark colour Zigzag Downey Holes in White
Produced will lesion mining white leaves and powder
become appeared on pattern on fungus only the y
wilted. the leaves growth trasparent growth
The roots stem.Black on the skin of the on
and stem dots on the undersid leaf if seen upper
may be lower leaves e of the after surface
completely leaves infestation of
Hallowed leaves
out and
filled with
solid waste
Managem Imadaclopr Spraying of Nil Mancoze 0.1%malathi None
ent id Copper b @2g/l on on the
Practice 30.5 SC @ fungicide at the interval of
adopted 0.5ml/lit (0.8%) interval 10 days
of 12
days
ITK None None Wood ash none Wood ash none
applicatio application
n

ANNEXURE IV (b)

COMPONENT II: PREPARATION OF INSECT PEST AND DISEASE CALENDER

Name of Date of Stage of Pest/ Intensity Control

the crop record crop Disease/ of attack measures
nematode adopted by
occurence the farmers
Tomato 19/02/2021 Flowering White fly Moderate No measures
Fruiting taken
Tomato 20/02/2021 Fruiting Fruit borer Minor Spraying of
azadiractin
1.0% E.C @
2ml/l water
Cabbage 22/02/2021 Harvesting Cabbage Minor Application
76 | P a g e
var butterfly of 50% profex
wonderball super
Ridge 26/02/2021 Vegetative Termite Mild Imadaclorpid
gourd 30.5 SC
@0.5ml/l
Okra var 27/02/2021 Vegetative Aphids Moderate Uprooting of
NOH-15 infected
plants
Boro rice 04/03/2021 Early Stem borer Moderate Chlorpyriphos
var Local ( tillering Rice hispa @ 2ml/l water
No. 15)
Boro rice 15/03/2021 Tillering Leaf blast Moderate Mancozeb
var Local @1g/l of
No.15 water
Cabbage 16/03/2021 Harvesting Alternaria Moderate No
var CO2 leaf spot management
Ridge 19/03/2021 Vegetative Lady bird Minor 0.1%
gourd var beetle malathion
Malika
Ridge 30/03/2021 Leaf miner Vegetative Minor Wood ash
gourd var application
US 507
Okra var 05/04/2021 Vegetative Damping Moderate Mancozeb
Chameli off 0.5g/l
Okra var 08/04/2021 Vegetative Aphids Minor No
mastor and management
durga
Ridge 10/04/2021 Vegetative Alternaria Minor Copper
gourd var leaf spot fungicide
Naga 0.8%

ANNEXURE V [a (i)]

COMPONENT I: AGRO-ECONOMY SURVEY

1. Identification:
Village: Napam
Mouza/district: Haleshwar Block: Balipara
Name of the student: Dodi Priscilla Perme Date of Survey: 11-4-2021

77 | P a g e
1.1 Location and approach
a. Distance from the district / sub-division headquarter: 12km
b. Has the village easy accessibility in all seasons of the year? If not, in which part of
the year and what is the mode of approach? Yes
c. Topography (plain/Hills): Plain
d. Altitude : 83 m

Give the distance from:

CENTRE APPROXIMATE DISTANCE

FROM VILLAGE
1. (a) District/sub-division Headquarters 12Km
(b) Block Headquarters 14 km
2. Post office/Telegraph office 2km
3. Railway station/Bus station 12km
4. All weather motorable road Within village
5. Primary/middle school 3km
6. High school/college 3 km
7. Godown/ware house Nil
8. Cooperative credit society 3km
9. Commercial Bank/Regional Rural Bank 3km
10. Other Important Centers (Name the type of Computer centre, Market
centers)

1.2 Communication, Transport and Marketing

78 | P a g e
 Sl.no Particulars Answer

A What kind of transport facilities is All kinds of road transport

available in the village (Bus, Auto, facilities are available like
Rickshaw etc.)? bus, auto, magic etc.

B Note the storage facilities available, with No storage facility

details of number and capacity and rates
charged
C Mention the nearest wholesale and retail Napam daily market,
markets (Give details of location, Wholesale market at
distance and produce handled) paanchmile

D Is there any regulated market nearby? No regulated market

E How the agricultural produce is disposed Producer------ >Consumer

in general? Producer------->Itinerant
Traders--- ---->Consumers

1.3 Vital Statistics

2

Population Census year Census year Increase or

1991 2011 decrease
(person in (person in over1991( percen
number) number) tage)
i. Males,

(a) Adults (15 250 2107 +742%

years &
above)
79 | P a g e
 (b) Children 100 316 +216%
(15 years
& below)

Sub-Total: 350 2423 +592%

ii. Females

(a) Adults (15 120 1998 +1565%

years &
above)
(b) Children 90 296 +228%
(15 years
& below)

Sub-Total: 210 2294 +992%

Grand Total : 560 4717 +742%

Sex Ratio: 600:1000 947:1000 +58%

(Females
per 1000
males)

1.4. Occupational distribution

Particulars 1981 1991 2011 Difference

80 | P a g e
 (i)No. of - 150 140 -10
cultivators

(ii) No. of - 60 40 -20

Agricultural
workers
(iii)No. of - 35 20 -15
non-
agricultural
workers

(iv)Others - 45 60 15

Total - 290 260 -30

1.5 Structural distribution of holding

Farm size (ha) Number Percentage to Area (ha) Percentage to

total total
Less than 1.00 200 76.9% 194 70.03%

1.00 - 2.00 60 23.07% 76 27.43%

2.00 - 4.00 - - - -

4.00 - 6.00 - - - -

6.00 -8.00 - - - -

81 | P a g e
8.00 - 10.00 - - - -

10.00 -20.00 - - - -

20.00 & above - - - -

Total: 260 270

2. Land utilization, Irrigation and cropping pattern

2.1 Nature of soils:
(a) Sandy, Sandy loam, Clay loam, others: Sandy loam
(b)Distribution of Type of land situations (%):
Upland: 93 ha Medium Land: 103 ha Low land: 52.4 ha

ditribution of land
upland medium land lowland

21%

37%

41%

Fig 10; Pie chart of Distribution of type of land

2.2 Land utilization (in hectares)

Sl. Items 1990 2000 2010

No.
82 | P a g e
 i. Geographical area 329.9 - 330
ii. Net area sown 155.82 - 218.8

iii. Area sown more than one 34.16 - 151.16

iv. Total cropped area 123.69 - 218.8

v. Forests NA - NA

vi. Barren and uncultivable NA - NA

land
vii. Land put to non- 18.07 - 20.12
agricultural use

viii. Cultivable waste 6.02 - 10.17

ix. Permanent pastures and 103.13 - 22.89
other grazing land
x. Land under misc. tree NA - 81.2
crops and groves

xi. Current fallows 6.62 - 10.2

xii. Other fallow land NA - 20.86

2.2A. Irrigation (Source wise)

Sl. Source Number Area irrigated (ha)

No.
1. Canals - -

2. Tanks 10 41.6

3. Wells 70 60

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 4. Tube wells 90 120

5. Others - -

6. Net area irrigated - 221.6

7. Gross area irrigated - 240

2.3 Cropping patterns

(a)Area under different crops in the farm (in hectare)

Crop Rain fed Irrigated

Kharif
1. Sali rice 90 20
2.Sugarcane 20
3. Kharif vegetables 25 -
Rabi
1. Potato 19 -
2. Rabi vegetables 20 -
3. Sugarcane 22 35

(b) Area under fruits, vegetables and plantation crops grown in the homestead garden (in
hectares)

Crop Vegetables Flowers Fruits Other Agroforestry

plantation
crops
Fruits - - 2.6 ha - -
Plantation - - - 2.1 ha -
Agro – forestry - - - - 0.7 ha
(bamboo)
Flowers - 0.03 ha - - -

84 | P a g e
1. Kharif 5.2 ha
- - - -
vegetable

2. Rabi
- - - -
vegetable 4.7 ha

(c) Major Crop rotation/mixed crops

One year rotation:
 Kharif vegetables-Rabi vegetables-Summer vegetables
 Sali rice- Potato/Rabi vegetables
 Sali rice- Rabi vegetables
Two year rotation: Nil
Three year rotation:
 Potato-cabbage-ratooning
ii. Important mixed cropping
1. Potato + Sugarcane
2. Coconut /Arecanut + Betelvine/Black pepper
3. Radish + Mustard
2.4. Problems of irrigation, drainage and soil management, if any:
 The fields of the farmers lack proper drainage facility which leads to clogging of the lands
during rainy seasons.
 Little irrigation facilities available.
 Erratic supply of electricity in the village.
 Due to price hike of diesel, farmers cannot afford diesel run water pumps.
3. Input supply
3.1 Extent of area covered under HYV and LOCAL varieties (in hectare)

Sl. No. Crop HYV Local

1. Rice (Boro+Sali) 89 ha 23ha

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 2. Kharif vegetables 10ha 15ha

3. Rabi vegetables 30ha 5ha

4. Sugarcane Nil 25ha

5. Rapeseed 6ha 7ha

3.2 Sources from which HYV seed obtained

Sl. Source/Agency/ Quantity obtained Area

No Institution covered covered(ha
. (kgs/qts) )
1. District Agricultural Need based 12.4
Department, Tezpur
2. Seed and Fertilizer Shop, Need based 37.3
Solmara & Tezpur
3. KVK,Sonitpur,Napam Need based 20.6
4. Seed and Fertilizer Shop, Need based 1
Panchmile & Napam

3.2.1 Indicate the difficulties faced by the farmers in getting the HYV
1. Lack of public and private seed distributing agencies.
2. Poor socio-economic status of farmers.
3. Lack of knowledge of HYV.

3.3 Manures, fertilizers and chemicals:

Crop wise application of Manures and Fertilizers per ha:

Sl. Crop Manure (qts) Fertilizer(kg/ha) Total NPK Total

No cost(R
Qty Value(R Typ Qty Valu Qty Value(R
. s)
(kg) s) e (kg) e (kg) s)
86 | P a g e
 (Rs)
1 Rice 100 4000 Ure 86 860
0 a
SSP 125. 1755
5
244.8 2882.2 6882.2
MO 33.4 267.
8
P 2

DA Nee Need
P d base
base d
d
2 Vegetabl 45 2250 Ure 87.5 700
es a
SSP 157. 1575
5
352.5 4285 6535
MO 67.5 810
P
DA 40 1200
P

3.3.1 Difficulties experienced in securing fertilizers, if any.

1. High cost of fertilizers (Financial problem)

3.4 Plant protection measures per hectare

Sl. Crops Materials Quantity Price Total cost(Rs)

No. (kg/lit) (Rs./kg) or
(Rs/L)
1. Sugarcane Bavistin 1kg 85 235

87 | P a g e
 Malathion 1lit 70

Furadon 1lit 80

2. Vegetables Rogor 1kg 500 1,170

Ustad 1kg 500

Suraksha 1lit 700

(Plant Growth
Promoter)

3.4.1 Indicate problems in securing pesticides & fungicides.

a) Due to lack of knowledge farmers cannot buy disease and pest specific pesticides and
fungicides.
b) Limited availability of recommended pesticides.
c) Financial problem.
d) Customary disbelief.
e) Lack of equipments like sprayer for using the chemicals.
4. Agricultural Labour:
4.1
a) Agricultural labour availability: Labour availability is a problem in peak season.
b) Methods of employment: Daily labour wages (Hired labour)
a. Estimate the supply of labour units per annum:
Supply and demand of labour:-
Total population: 4105
Total potential labour unit (Assuming 70% of the total population is the labour force):-
Potential labour unit = 4105 x 70/100
= 2,873.5
No. of working days (for single cropped area) = 130
Total labour unit available = 2,873.5 x 130
Total supply of labour units = 3, 73,555 man days.

b. Work out the demand of labour units based on per crop and per hectare.
c) Modes of wage payment: Through Cash.

88 | P a g e
 Demand of labour:

Crop Area (ha) Man days / ha Total man days

Rice ( Boro + 110 130 14300

Sali )
Rabi vegetables 35 140 4900

Sugarcane 25 170 4250

Banana 2 180 360

Others 15.1 175 2642.5

Total 187.1 26,452.5

Total supply of labour = 3, 73,555 man days.

Total labour demand = 26,452.5 man days

4.2 Whether the labour is adequate or deficit comment?

The labour was adequate in the village. As it was seen from the above analysis that
labour supply is more than the demand, thus there is no problem regarding the
availability of labour. But the supply is not uniform during growth the seasons, which
as a result affects the wage rates.

4.5Wages rates (Rs./Unit):

Operations LPD Men(MD) Women Children Contract

(MD) (MD)
Land preparation
i. Ploughing - - - - Tractor-
300/bigha
ii. Leveling 150 - - - Moi -
300/bigha

89 | P a g e
 iii. Others - 300/day 150/day - -
Transplanting - 300/day 150/day - -
Weeding - - 150/day - -
Cultural operations - 300/day 150/day - -
Plant protection - - - - -
Harvesting - 300/day 150/day - -
Threshing - - 150/day - -
Others - 300/day 150/day - -

Note: BPD – BULLOCK PAIR DAYS, MD – MAN DAYS

5. Agricultural Credit

Some of the farmers of the village take loan from the cooperative banks and other institutional
agencies. But as most of them do not possess sufficient repayment capacity and lengthy
formalities are required. They mainly take loans from relatives, friends etc.

(I) Institutional

(a) Short term loan (crop loan):

Cooperatives Commercial Banks R.R.B.

Name of
S.F. Amount R.I. S.F. Amount R.I. S.F. Amou R.I.
the crop
nt
(Rs) (Rs.) (%) (Rs) (Rs.) (%) (Rs.) (%)
(Rs)

Boro Rice 1465 10000 7

Sali Rice 1465 10000 7

Sugarcane 1130 10000 7

S.F. – Scale of Finance, R.I. – Rate of Interest

90 | P a g e
(b) Medium term credit:

Co-operative Commercial Banks R.R.B

Purpose of
N.I. Amou R.I. N.I. Amou R.I. N.I. Amoun R.I.
Credit
with nt with nt with t (Rs) (%)
value (Rs) value (Rs) value
s (Rs) s (Rs) s (Rs)

Tractor - - - - - - - - -

Power Tiller - - - - - - - - -

(II) Non-institutional:

Purpose Agril. Money Professional Traders Others (relatives)

lender Money lender

Amt Rate of Amt Rate of Amt Rate of Amt Rate of

(Rs) interes (Rs) interes (Rs) interes (Rs) interest
t t t

Need - - - - - - 50000 4%
based

Village Industries

6.1 What are the different agro – based industries existing in the village?

- Rice mil

6.2. Indicate further scope to set up any other type of Agro- based industry.

91 | P a g e
The village has got a lot of scope regarding establishment of agro based industries, as the
village is rich in resources that can used as raw materials. The following industries are found
to be feasible in the village and expected to give high return:

a. Small scale industry like pickles, jam, jelly etc.

b. Bamboo handicraft unit

c. Vermicompost unit

7. Wholesale and retail prices of agricultural products.

Sl. Product Source Wholesale rate of Retail rate of

No. Produce. Produce.

Price/qtls (Rs) Price/qtls(Rs)

1. Rice Local market Rs1500/qtl Rs 2000/qtl

2. Cucurbitaceous Local market Rs1200/qtl Rs1200/qtl

crops

3. Potato Local market Rs 1100/qtl Rs 1500/qtl

4. Cole crops Local market Rs 1500/qtl Rs 2000/qtl

5. Banana Local market Rs800/1000 piece Rs900/1000 piece

6. Oilseed Local market Rs 3500/qtl Rs3900/qtl

92 | P a g e
8. Prepare an appropriate plan for the socioeconomic development of the village taking
into account of all the resources.
Socio economic development is the process of utilization of resourses in a better way
to foster social and economic change in a society
Rural development is an integrated concept of growth and poverty elimination and
hence it has been of paramount concern in all the consequent five year plans. Socio-
economic development involves some very important functions which are as
follows:
 Provision of basic infrastructure facilities in the rural areas for example, schools,
roads, drinking water electrification., etc.
 Improving agricultural productivity in the rural areas.
 Raising the living standards of rural masses.
 Implementing schemes for the promotion of rural industry, increasing agriculture
productivity, providing rural employment, etc
 Assistance to individual families and SHGs living below poverty line by providing
productive resources through credits and subsidies Provision of social services like
health and education for socio-economic development.
With these objectives in view Government has prepared Rural Employment Schemes:
1. NREGA
2. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojna
3. Pradhan Mantri Gram Swarojgar Yojna
Changes in less tangible factors are also considered, such as personal dignity,
freedom of association, personal freedom from fear of physical harm and the extent
of participation in civil society.
It is a core element and the strategy sets out the objective of promoting a
prosperous, innovative, knowledge - rich, competitive and eco-efficient economy,
which provide high living standards and high-quality employment through-out.
1. Socio-economic development plan for the host village.
Now for socio-economic development of the host village, the people of the
village will have to make a concerted efforts. During the survey programme it

93 | P a g e
 was found that all the households in the village did not have cooking fuel. They were
either depended on the natural wood supply or purchased it on thela basis from
near-by sources.
This dependence on the environment for fuel requirements depletes our natural
resources. To discourage this practice,
If a Biogas Plant is established on a community basis, then all the cooking fuel
requirements will be met reducing cost of living and saving natural resources.
Total No of houses in the village = 30
Average No of cattle per house = 2 Total No of cattle = 60
Total cow dung available per day =10 kg/ cow
Total cow dung available from the village = 600 kg
Energy potentiality of the dung, E= 1244160 kcal
Size of the bio gas plant required = 448 m3
448m3 size of bio plant can supply fuel for cooking of 560 no’s of family. Hence a
biogas plant of 448m3 is more than sufficient for the host village.
Now the cost of construction of a CBP type of biogas model is approximately
2.8 lakhs including the cost of the engineer. This amount of money can be contributed
by the villagers, or they can approach concerned Government institution.
Benefits :
 The slurry so obtained can be used as manure for agricultural purposes.
 Dependence on the environment for wood fuel can be minimized.
 Health of the women is protected because smoke is not produced in biogas.

 The barren land under miscellaneous trees can be utilized for growing some
economically important trees like Sagun, Green Manure Crops, Bamboo etc.
 The women force in the village can form SHG and approach for loans to establish
small scale enterprise like weaving, preparation of value added products from
fruits and vegetables like pickle, jam, jelly, indigenous food like bamboo shoot and
pitha.
 The unemployed youth can open some agricultural enterprises like vermicomposting,
apiculture, floriculture, nursery raising, etc. for socio-economic development.

94 | P a g e
 Conclusion: After studying the agro – economic condition of the host village, it can
be concluded that with self help and governmental support lot of improvements can be
achieved.
Approaches for socio-economic development:
 Formation of SHG’s
 Piggery
 Small scale industry like pickles, Jam, Jelly,
 Tea industry.
 Handloom industry
 Pisciculture
 Poultry
 Mushroom cultivation
 Goattery
 Biofertilizer unit
Source of information:
(i) VLEW of Amolapam
(ii) Farmers of Amolapam
(iii) Office of the Block Development Officer
(iv) Seed and Fertilizer Shop
(v) State Apex Cooperative Bank and Commercial Bank.
(vi) SDAO office
(vii) Napam Goan Panchayat.

APPROPRIATE FARM PLAN FOR SOCIO ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT

The following was the plans we suggested for the socio economic development of the village:

a. Mushroom Production:

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Assam’s climate condition is highly suitable for the production of oyster mushrooms.
Moreover, mushroom being a low-cost enterprise could be adopted even by landless farmers,
house-wives and un-employed youths. The production could be done anywhere like in
dwelling houses or in shady store houses as it requires less space etc. The entire production
process takes around 40-45 days. The initial input for the production was low when compared
to the profit one could attain from it. For production of 1bag of mushroom, the inputs needed
were Spawn of mushroom which cost Rs 10/100gm spawns, 1 polypropylene (PP) bag @ Rs
2/bag and straw of Rs 8/-. Thus, the total input cost of Rs 30/- would give a return of almost
Rs 200/-. The villagers could get a firsthand experience from Mr. Gangaram Dahal who has
been producing oyster mushrooms since a few years.

b. Broiler Production:

Poultry Farming, especially broiler production can be adopted by villagers. It is easier to

look after the birds and only 2-3 hours per day have to be dedicated. It is perfect for the
women, as most of them are home makers, therefore they could easily do broiler
production along with the daily chores. But some technical advice is necessary for the
same.

c. Vermicompost Production:

Another enterprise which could be easily adopted by the farmers in the village was
vermicompost production. The materials required for this enterprise were a concrete
culturing tank, earthworms and organic wastes. In the initial stage, only the construction of
a concrete culturing tank would need additional investment else the other inputs like
earthworms cost only Rs 2/worm and organic wastes could be attained from the farm
itself. By selling vermicompost, one could earn Rs 10/kg of vermicompost. Moreover, no
capital investment was required for the second production of vermicompost and hence
profit would be more.

Inference: From the above projects, it can be very well said that the proposed projects are
quite feasible in the village. The projects not only will improve the socioeconomic conditions
by addressing the weakness but also takes into account all the strength and resources of the
village. These proposed projects would pave away for secondary source of income and thus

96 | P a g e
increase the annual income of farmers. Moreover, since housewives could also do these
projects it would result in more confidence among the people.

Source of information:
(i) AEA of Amolapam and Napam

(ii) Farmers of Amolapam and Napam

(iii) Office of the Block Development Officer

(iv) Seed and Fertilizer Shop

(v) State Apex Cooperative Bank and Commercial Bank.

(vi) SDAO office

(vii) Napam Goan Panchayat

(viii) Village headman

1.Prepare an appropriate plan for the socio-economic development of the village taking into
account of all resources:

PLAN A – POULTRYFARMING

Poultry Farming, especially broiler production can be adopted by villagers. It is easier to

look after the birds and only 2-3 hours per day have to be dedicated. It is perfect for the
women, as most of them are homemakers therefore they could easily do broiler production
along with the daily chores. But some technical advice is necessary for the same.

Scheme for broiler meat production:

Technical specification:
1. Capacity of the farm: 800 birds in a batch
2. 6 batch in a year at an interval of 6 weeks rotation.
3. Brooder cum grower shed 1 sqft. Per bird@Rs25/-per sq ft.
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 4. Feed storage cum medicine store room 150 sq ft.
5. Cost of equipments

a) Brooder = 4 no’s @ Rs 500/- per brooder = Rs. 2000/-

b) Chick drinker, chick feeder, adult feeder and chick guard costing = Rs. 10000/-

Total equipment cost = Rs. 12000/-

A. Capital cost:-
i) Construction of shed @ Rs 25/- for 800 sq ft. : Rs 20000/-
ii) Construction of feed store @ Rs35/- for 150 sq ft. : Rs 3750/-
iii) Cost of equipment: Rs 12000/- Total: Rs 35750/-
B. Recurring cost:-
i) Cost of 800 chicks @ Rs 25 per chicks: Rs20000/
ii) Cost of feed (starter, finisher), 3.5 kg per chicks for 6 weeks @ Rs 15/kg: Rs
42000/-
iii) Cost of medicine: Rs2000/-
iv) Cost of litter: Rs1300/- Total: Rs65300/-

Total project cost: Rs 101,050/ -(forOnebatch)

Economy for 8 batches:

RECURRING COST FOR SCHEME FOR BROILER MEAT PRODUCTION

Particulars Amounts

Purchase of 6400 chicks @ Rs 25/ 1,60,000/-

Purchase of feed 3,36,000/-

Purchase of litter material 10,400/-

Medicine, vaccines etc 16,000/-

Electricity charges 16,000/-

Interest on fixed capital @ 8% 3,400/-

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 Total 5,41,800/-

Income:

INCOME GENERATED IN SCHEME FOR BROILER MEAT PRODUCTION

Particulars Amount(Rs)

Sale of 4560 birds of 6 wks. Age having 9,84,960/-

average 1.8 kg live weight each
@ Rs. 120/kg (considering 5%
mortality)

Sale of poultry manure 10,000/-

Gross in come 9,94,960/-

Net income 3,93,160/-

B:C ratio 1.84:1

Source of employment generation:

The total man power requirement in one batch from procurement upto marketing is 10 nos, so
for 8 batches 80 nos. of youth can be involved. If such 5 numbers of units are established in
the village, a total of 400 numbers of youth can be involved in these activities which are
almost the equivalent population of youth in the village.
These units will also utilize surplus labour of the village.
Source of capital:
From B:C ratio it can be said that the project is viable and loanable. The youth can avail loan
from different funding agencies like NABARD, Rural development banks and commercial
banks with a low rate of interest and a flexible repayment period (based on repayment
capacity)

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Conclusion: Thus after analysis of the poultry farming from economic and social view it can
be said that poultry farming is a safe answer for solving one of the major problem
(unemployment) of the village. Hence, it can be concluded that the plan will help for socio-
economic development of the village.

PLAN B–VERMICOMPOSTUNIT

Vermicompost, apart from supplying nutrients and growth enhancing hormones to plants,
improves the soil structure leading to increase in water and nutrient holding capacities of soil.
Chemical fertilizer in moderate doses can go along with vermicomposting.

Location of Vermicomposting unit: Napam village in Tezpur

COMPONENTS OF A COMMERCIAL UNIT
Sheds
The Sheds could be of thatched roof supported by bamboor after sand purlins, straws wooden
trusses and stone pillars. If the size is so chosen as to prevent wetting of beds due to rain on a
windy day, they could be open sheds. While designing the sheds adequate room has to be left
around the beds for easy movement of the labour attending to the filling and harvesting the
beds.

Vermi-beds

The beds of 75cm - 90cm thick are taken depending on the provision of filter for drainage of
excess water. The entire bed area could be above the ground. Care should be taken to make the
bed with uniform height over the entire width to the extent possible to avoid low production
owing to low bed volumes. The bed width is of 1.5 m to allow easy access to the centre of the
bed.

Land
One Bigha land is recommended for the village to set up a vermiculture production.
The land can be taken on lease of at least 10 years.
Buildings
As the activity is propose to take upon a large scale on commercialization, considerable
amount may have to be spent on buildings to house the office, store the raw material and
finished product and provide minimum accommodation to the Manager and workers. The cost

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 of the buildings along with the electrification of these buildings and the vermi-sheds may be
included under this item. Proper fencing and transportation is to be considered.

Earthworms
Worms @ 350 worms perm 3 of bed space should be adequate to start with and to build up the
required population in about two cycles or three without unduly affecting the estimated
production.

Water Supply System

The beds should always be kept moist with about 50 % moisture content, so there is a need to
plan for a water source, lifting mechanism and a system of conveying and applying the water
to the vermi-beds.

Machinery
Only a sorter machine is sufficient to sort finer Vermicompost. Implements are required
for cutting (shredding) the raw material in small pieces, conveying shredded raw material
to the vermi-sheds, loading, unloading, collection of compost, loosening of beds for
aeration, shifting of the compost before packing and for air drying of the compost,
automatic packing and stitching for efficient running of the unit. Operational Costs

In order to operte the unit, expenditure on some items have to be incurred on a recurring basis.
These items include salaries of the staff, wages to the labourers, cost of raw material, fuel cost
on transport of raw materials and finished goods, packing material cost, repairs and
maintenance, power, insurance, etc. The numbers of office personnel and labours have to be
decided breaking each activity into a number of sub activities and for each sub-activity
estimating the work involved and the capacity of the labour to finish the work in a given time
Cost of Setting up a Vermicompost Unit (For50tonnesPerannum)

1.InvestmentCost

Particulars Amount(Rs)

Buildings 50,000

Machineries and implements 15,000

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Vermi Tank (Low cost) (3m x 1.5 m x 10,000

1 m) (20 tanks @ Rs. 500/Tank)

Water Tank 5,000

Total 80,000

2.Fixed Cost

Particulars Amount(Rs)

Permanent Labour (1 nos @ Rs.4500/ 54,000

month)

Bamboo, Ropes, Wires and Shading 2000

materials

Land Revenue 8

Interest on Investment Cost@10% 8,000

Depreciation @ 10% 8,000

Total 72,008

3.Working Capital

Particulars Amount(Rs)

Earthworms (25,000nos.) 25,000

102 | P a g e
Raw materials (Water Hyacinth + Cow 20000
dung + Agricultural waste + Horticultural
Waste)

Hired Labour (4nos.) 40,000

Miscellaneous 5,000

Interest@10% 9,000

Total 99,000

Total Cost = Fixed cost + Working Cost = 72008 + 99000 = 1,71,008

4.Returns

Particulars Amount(Rs)

Vermicompost (40 tonnes @Rs.8/kg) 3,20,000

Earthworms (20 kg @ Rs.1500) 30000

Total 30000

Total Gross Return = Rs.3,50,000

Net-Return = Total Gross return – Total Cost
= 3,50,000 - 1,71,008 = Rs.1,78,992
B:C Ratio=2.04
Means of Finance

The banks they are providing Loan for setting up of vermicompost unit by contributing 70 %
(@10% interest) of the total cost and Promoters 30%

Banks @ 10 % interest = 70 % of 1,71,008 = Rs.1,19,705.6

Promoters = 30 % of 1,71,008 = Rs.51,302.4
103 | P a g e
 Repayment Schedule

Year Loan amount Principal Interest @10% Total Balance

(Rs) Amount(Rs.) amount

1 1,19,705.6 39901.8 11970.56 51872.36 79803.8

2 79803.8 39901.8 7980.38 47882.8 39901.8

3 39901.8 39901.8 3990.2 43892 0

Break Even Analysis

Particulars Amount(Rs)

Fixed cost 72,008

Sales cost 350000

Variable cost 99,000

Break Even Point[a/(b–c)] 0.28

Conclusion: Vermicompost Production unit holds immense importance for the socio economic
development of the farmers in particular and the village in general. Benefits of one such plant
include – employment generation, waste disposal, efficient utilization of locally available
resources and production of quality inputs for agriculture to name a few.

It advocates the use of better quality organic inputs for being applied in agriculture, at the
same time it discourages the injudicious use of harmful agrochemicals thus enhancing the
sustainability of agriculture in particular and eco-system in wider context

ANNEXURE V [b (i)]

104 | P a g e
 GUIDE SHEET FOR FARM PLANNING AND BUDGETING

Farm planning and budgeting is one of the most effective ways to illustrate in a
convincing manner, the costs and benefits of using new technology on the farm.
Farm Planning is the technique of making sound decisions by the farmers,
contemplating profitable changes in the farm. It is a scheme for the operation and organization
of the farm business.
Farm Budgeting expresses the 'farm plan' in terms of costs and returns and indicates the
economics of farm plan. Thus, planning and budgeting must go hand in hand for a successful
running of a farm business. Steps in Farm Planning
The success of any plan depends on the systematic procedure followed which must be
easily adoptable and feasible.
1. Evaluating the present farm situation with respect to :
i) Resource position or inventory
ii) Different crops grown
iii) Extent of resources used
iv) Level of production
v) Costs and returns
(i) Resource position: Detailed information is needed regarding
a) Land : Area- unirrigated and irrigated, type of soil, topography, drainage, soil
conservation and water management measures, availability of soil nutrients etc.
b) Labour: Extent of family of family labour, permanent labour, hired labour
availability depending upon the type of work, wages, peak period, demand and
supply etc.
c) Cattle and mechanical power-availability and their hiring charges.
d) Capital: Requirement of capital availability on hand, credit required, sources
available, extent of debts, rates of interest.
e) Organization : Skill of the farmer with respect of the production of different crops
and farm enterprises and extent of knowledge of each of them.
f) Irrigation: Sources - Area coverage-period of availability etc.
g) Other information like farm buildings, equipments and machinery and other farm
enterprises their maintenance costs and returns, and the level of complementarity
105 | P a g e
 and supplementary of them with respect to crop production.
(ii) Crop grown: Information must relate to the type of crops, rotation, variety, cultivation
practices and reasons for deviation from the package of practices.
(iii) Extent of resources used: this must give in detail the totality of each resource being
used on the entire farm. Information must related to the no. of acres being cultivated:
amount of labour being utilized and wages paid, extent of family labour involvement,
total amount of capital in terms of variable inputs being used in different enterprises.
Such information is useful for identification of resource usage in different enterprises
and possibility of readjustment from one crop enterprise to the other.
(iv) Levels of production: The information here indicates the amount of main and by
products being obtained of each farm enterprise.
(v) Costs and returns: This is to arrive at the profitability of each crop enterprise and other
farm enterprises.
2. List out the risks to farm production:
Incidence of pests and pathogens, possibility of droughts, cyclones, floods, are to be
borne in mind while formulating alternate plan.
3. Identifying the weakness of the existing plan:
Here the structural changes refer to the layout of the farm. For this , a detailed farm map
must be prepare indicating the physical structure of the farm.
For immediate or short run changes that are to be brought, one must first identify the
operational weaknesses like the suitable variety, type of fertilizer and plant protection
chemicals, their marketing, cultural practices etc. Minor operational changes may help in
increasing the returns from a particular crop or farm enterprise.
4. Specification of Technical Co-efficient of Production:
To identify a suitable technology, there is a need to gather information from various
sources regarding the improved farming methods and practices and the various input-
output factors, which can be applied to the local conditions.
5. Specification of appropriate prices:
For the specified production co-efficient, average prices are to be determined to estimate
the expected returns.
6. Preparation of enterprise budget:
The preparation of the enterprise budgets or the profitability of the package of practices.
106 | P a g e
 These budgets can be prepared with the help of extension leaflets, Research Station
reports, publication etc. These budgets will give the input-output relationship of each
enterprise.
7. Prepare the alternate plan :
With the help of the profitability ranking chart, chart, select such farm enterprises which
are feasible within the limited resources of the farm, keeping in view the weaknesses
both structural and operational of the existing farm plan. At the same time, try to
incorporate the latest technology by preparing a few alternate plans. Again these plans
must involve minimum risk possible.
It is better to prepare, first, the short-run plans with operational changes without
involving some major organizational changes. Later, an alternate plan may be prepared by
improving the present cropping pattern and by keeping in view the long range farm benefits.
8. Analyse the alternate plan to check profitability.
Often students do not develop the comprehension about the partial plan (Partial
budget) and alternate plan (full budget). In the former case any single aspect of change in
technology is considered. This means that an introduction of new variety of seed, fertilizer,
cultural operation, plant protection etc. In this case, the extra returns per rupee investment are
estimated.
Example: PARTIAL BUDGET

1. Added cost (for HYV-Paddy) Rs.

(a) Cost of seed. 40.00
(b) Fertilizers 320.25
(c) Plant protection 150.00
(d) Weeding 90.00
(e) Harvesting, threshing and preparation for market 120.00
Total 720.25
2. Reduced returns (for local variety)
(a) Grain 1200 Kg @ Rs. 260/- per qtl. 3,120.00
(b) Straw 1500 Kg @ Rs. 40/- per qtl. 600.00
Total 3,720.00
3. Added returns (for HYV)
107 | P a g e
 (a) Grains 3200 Kg @ Rs. 260/- per qtl 8,320.00
(b) Straw 1000 Kg @ Rs. 40/- per qtl 400.00
Total 8,720.00
4. Reduced costs (for local paddy)
(a) Cost of seed 30.00
(b) Fertilizers 65.00
(c) Plant Protection 60.00
(d) Weeding 50.00
(e) Harvesting , threshing, preparation for market 80.00
Total 285.00
Total of added returns + reduced costs (8720 + 285) = 9,005.00

Total of added costs + reduced returns (720.25 + 3,720 = 4,440.25

Net income from substituting HYV paddy for local variety (9,005-4,440.25) = 4,564.75
Example: Comparative costs and in HYV and local variety returns paddy (Costs/returns
in rupees/ha)

Sl. Particulars KHARIF

No. HYV Local

1. Operational costs 3729.60 2,500.10

2. Fixed Costs 1,500.00 13,300.50

3. Total Costs 5,229.60 3,800.00

4. Cost A1 3,916.50 2,625.00

5. Cost A2 3,916.50 2625.00

108 | P a g e
 6. Cost B 5,100.00 3,050.00

7. CostC 5,229.60 3,800.00

8. Yield/ha(Kg) 8,320.00 4,600.00

9. Gross returns 8,720.00 5,200.00

10. Returns
i. Over operation costs 4,990.40 4,949.90
ii. Over total costs 3,430.40 1,339.40
iii. Input-output ratio 1.67 1.37

ANNEXURE V [a (ii)]

AGRO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
The Agro-economic condition of an area plays a very crucial role towards the development of
109 | P a g e
that area. It is also very vital to know the agro economic condition for an in-depth study of an
area. During the RAWE Programme it is an absolute necessity to carry out the agro economic
survey because before dealing with any situation we have to first analyze the entire picture of
that area so as to extend our help more efficiently. The agro economic survey of the host
village Napam was done by the B.Sc.(Agri) 4th year students which was obtained from
various reliable sources like Head of the village, Panchayat office and general residents of
Napam Chapori.

Napam Chapori falls under the district Sonitpur of Assam, the village is surrounded by
Borghat in North, Amolapam gaon in South, Bagchung Punioni gaon in the west and
Dighroijan in the east. It is located 12km away from the District headquarter and is connected
to other parts of the area with motorable road throughout the year. The Police Station is
situated at Borghat and the Post office is located at Napam which are 4.8kms and 1.7 kms
away from the village respectively. Various Banks are present near the area to meet the
naking needs of the residents of Napam viz. State Bank of India, United Bank of India, Punjab
National Bank which is at a distance of 3km from the village. Most importantly there are, 3 LP
school,1 M.V school,3 Private School, 1 Central University(Tezpur university),6 Anganbadi
centre, 1 Primary Health Centre, 1 Regular market,1 PDS,3 SHG are within the village. From
cultural point of view, the village has 2 Masjids,3 temples, 1 Namghar,1 Club,1 Rangamancha
within the village.

The village has a total of 4105 population residing of which about 2107 are male population
and 1998 are female population. Total SC population of the village is 37 and ST population is
nil. The literacy rate of the village is 63.9%.The village has a total of 198.73 ha under
cultivable land. The Panchayat Samiti governing the village is Napam Gaon Panchayat whose
village head is Mr. Somnath Sarmah. . The village comes under Biswanath Development
Block, 2 kms away from the village and Burigaon Panchayat, 1 km away from the village.
Farming is the primary occupation for the majority of village population, some with fisheries
and livestocks as secondary income. Most of the farmers are marginal with an average land
holding less than two hectare. The farmers of Napam are engaged with several agricultural
activities like growing rice as main crop and cultivating different Rabi and kharif vegetables.
In the homestead garden, there are plantation crops like coconut, arecanut, banana, citrus etc.
110 | P a g e
Other horticultural crops like ginger, turmeric, chilli, okra, brinjal, tomato etc. are also
cultivated by some farmers in small land units. Although the farmers lacked knowledge
regarding proper application of fertilizer doses and hormones it was made up for by their
knowledge of various ITK’s.
The soil texture of Napam Chapori is classified as Sandy loam. Some of the farmers could
afford irrigation facilities while others had to depend on rain. The ground water table is a
threat for the farmers to take up floriculture as this sector requires more irrigation facilities.
The farmer sold their produce in the near-by wholesale and retail market. There were no agro
based – industries within the boundaries of the village. But there is a lot of scope in setting up
a feasible agro-based enterprise. Rapeseed was found to be the main crop in rabi season along
with other crops like potato and rabi vegetable with an area covering 8 ha. The horticultural
crops like coconut, arecanut, pineapple, citrus, banana, turmeric, ginger, etc were done in an
area of 1.33 ha. The commonly followed crop rotations were sali rice – rapeseed, ridge gourd
– solanaceous and cole crops etc. and the commonly seen mixed crops were ash gourd + ridge
gourd, arecanut + betel vine / black pepper, arecanut + ginger/ turmeric etc. A little proportion
of area fell under agro forestry (bamboo). Cropping intensity was found to be 107.61%.
The main problems faced by the villagers were lack of irrigation facilities, no agro based
industries, low socio-economic status, lack of knowledge etc. The availability of agricultural
labour was found to be a problem during the peak period with wages being taken in cash and
daily pattern. The demand for labour was maximum for Sali rice.Farmers of the village
generally procured HYV of rice and horticultural crops from the local shops as well as from
the District Agriculture Department and Krishi Vigyan KendraThe Assam Gramin Vikash
Bank is most dominant credit giving institution in the region working.
The appropriate plans suggested for the socio-economic development of the village are
mushroom production, vermicompost production and apiculture keeping in minds the
available resources of the village. Additionally these enterprises require low initial investment
and are easy to carry out.

ANNEXURE V [b (i)]

FARM PLANNING AND BUDGETING

Evaluating the present farm situation:-
111 | P a g e
(a)Resource Position:-
(I) Land :- The Operational holding of the host farmer is 7.5 bigha. The land is a medium
land with sandy loam class of soil. The entire 7.5 bigha area is used for vegetable cultivation.
(i) Labour:-
Family labour: Two members of the family are engaged in farming activities full time.
Permanently hired labour:The farmer has one permanently hired labour.
Labour availability:-The demand and supply fluctuates over time and growing season of the
crops.
Wages: Wages rate are different for different activities and depends on nature of operation to
be performed. However the rate generally ranges from Rs.200 in case of man labour and
women labour.
Peak periods:Peak periods in transplanting of Sali rice.
(iii) Availability of draught animals: No
(iv)Capital: He performs his farming activities with the capital earned from previous season
crop.
Particulars of building Cost(Rs) Remark
Dwelling house 100000 kutcha
Cattle shed 5,000 Kutcha, bamboo post
Storage house 6000 Kutcha

(v).Equipment and machinery:-

Sl. Descri Numbe Year of If Value at Expecte Remark

N making purchas the d life of
112 | P a g e
o. ption rs / ed, price beginnin impleme s
purcha (Rs.) g of the nts/
se year Machine
(Rs.) ry/
Other
equipme
nt’s
(Year)
1. Imple The
ment 2 2016 150 200 5 years family
Sickle 3 2014 150 100 6 years have all
Khurpi 1 2014 300 250 6 years the
Hand 2 2015 400 400 5 years necessar
hoe 1 2016 250 300 4 years y
agricultu
Deshi ral
Plough impleme
Dao nts.

2. Machi
neries:
2016 29000 - All the
Power 1 10 years machiner
Tiller 1 2014 61200 - 25 years ies are
Tracto 1 2015 0 - 10 years owned
r 1 2015 11200 - 9 years by the
Rotava 1 2014 0 - 9 years farmer as
tor 14000 they have
Cage 20000 another
wheel piece of
Disc land in
plough their
113 | P a g e
 native
where
they
cultivate
paddy

3.
Transp
ort
Equip 1
ment: 2200 -
Bicycle 1 2011 10 years
70,00 In a good
Bike 2014 0 - 15 years condition

(b). Crop grown

Type of crops variety Rotation Cultivation
practices
Potato Nainital cucurbits Furrow and ridge
preparation
Weeding

Mustard - Colocasia

Tomato Local Colocasia Staking

Weeding

Okra Raadhika Broccoli Weeding

Earthing up

Beans Master beans Cabbage Weeding

staking

( c). Cost of production

Okra
114 | P a g e
Sl Operatio Input cost Labour (MD) Wages A Total
. ns rates m amount
n (MD) ou
o. (Rs) nt
Qty/ Pri Tot C M F MF C of
bigh ce al w
a (Rs (Rs ag
) ) es
(R
s)
1 Land - - - - Ow - - - - -
preparatio n
n (fuel
charges)\
2 Nursery - - - own - - - - -
raising

3 F.Y.M(q) - - - - own - - - - -

4 Seed (g) 100g 700 - - 0wn - - - - 700

5 Fertilizers - - - - - - - - - -
(kg)
6 Transplan - - - - own own -
ting

7 Weeding - - - - own own - - - -

and
intercultur
e
operations
8 Irrigation 300 - - - own own - - - 300

115 | P a g e
9 Harvestin - - - - own - - - -
g
Total 1000

Mustard

Sl Operatio Input cost Labour (MD) Wages A Total

. ns rates m amount
n (MD) ou
o. (Rs) nt
Qty/ Pri Tot C M F MF C of
bigh ce al w
a (Rs (Rs ag
) ) es
(R
s)
1 Land - - - - Ow - - - - -
preparatio n
n (fuel
charges)\
2 Nursery - - - own - - - - -
raising
3 F.Y.M(q) - - - - own - - - - -
4 Seed (g) 700 - - - 0wn - - - - -
5 Fertilizers - - - - - - - - - -
(kg)
6 Transplan - - - - own own - - -
ting

7 Weeding - - - - own own - - - -

and

116 | P a g e
 intercultu
re
operation
s
8 Irrigation 450 - - - own own - - - 450

9 Harvestin - - - - 3 - - - 600
g
Total 1050

Beans

Sl Operation Input cost Labour (MD) Wages A Total

. s rates mo amount
n (MD)(Rs) un
o. Qty/ Pric Tot C M F MF C t

117 | P a g e
 bigh e al of
a (Rs) (Rs) wa
ges
(R
s)
1 Land - - - - Ow - - - - -
preparatio n
n (fuel
charges)\

2 Nursery - - - own - - - - -
raising

3 F.Y.M(q) - - - - own - - - - -

4 Seed (g) 500 450 450 - 0wn - - - - 450

5 Fertilizers - - - - - - - - - -
(kg)
6 Transplant - - - - own own - - -
ing

7 Weeding - - - - own own - - - -

and
intercultur
e
operations
8 Irrigation 300 - - - own - - - - 300

9 Harvesting - - - - own - - - - -

Total 750

Tomato
118 | P a g e
Sl Operatio Input cost Labour (MD) Wag Amou Total
. ns es nt of amount
n rates wages
o. (MD) (Rs)
(Rs)
Qty/ Pri Tot C M F MF C
bigh ce al
a (Rs (Rs
) )
1 Land - - - - Ow - - - - -
preparatio n
n (fuel
charges)\
2 Nursery - - - own - - - - -
raising
3 F.Y.M(q) - - - - own - - - - -
4 Seed (g) 150 655 655 - 0wn - - - - 655
5 Fertilizers - - - - - - - - - -
(kg)
6 Transplan - - - - own own - - -
ting
7 Weeding - - - - own own - - - -
and
intercultur
e
operations
8 Irrigation - - - - own - - - - -

9 Harvestin - - - - own - - - - -
g

119 | P a g e
1 Land - - - - - - - - - -
0 Revenue
(per year)

Total 655

(d). Cost and returns

Crops Cost of Returns (Rs.) Profit (Rs.)

production
(Rs.)
Tomato 655 10000 9345

Potato 2400 20000 17600

Mustard Own seeds 18000 1800

Okra 1000 4000 3000

Beans 750 3000 2250

2.Risks in the farm production: The risk in the farm production arises from incidences of
pests and disease which can be reduced by undertaking appropriate plant protection
measures and low value of the produce when there is a glut in the market.

3.Identifying the weakness of the existing plan

 No seed treatment is done before planting / sowing the seeds which indirectly
reduces the yield due to disease infestation.
 The recommended spacing is not followed because of which the land available
cannot be put to optimum use.
 The previous season the farmer grew a lot of tomatoes in the market and because
the demand decreased the price also decreased and fair sum of the produce was just
left in the field to decompose. Therefore the farmer should one check the demand
of the crops before growing the next season’s crop.

120 | P a g e
  During monsoon the region receive an abundant of rainfall but the farm has no
structures to collect the rain water so that it can be put to use later.

4.Alternative farm plan

Keeping in mind the present drawback the following changes should be made for a better
income:
 Seed treatment should be done before sowing/ planting the seeds.
 A structure should be made to collect the rainwater for later use in the farm.
 Recommended spacing of each crops should be followed so as to utilize the entire
land available.
 Intercropping with higher value crops should be done.
 The farmer can also add more enterprise to the farm like mushroom cultivation
since he already has the rice straw from his filed, he can set up some honey bee
boxes at the time of flowering, he can also carry out vermicomposting as he
already has all the raw materials required in his farm and in this section the woman
of the house can help too.

ANNEXURE V [b (ii)]

FARM HOLDING SURVEY

1.General
Village: Napam Chapori Name of the host farmer: Mr. Biswajit Hazarika
Main occupation: Farming Subsidiary occupation: -livestock
2.Details of Family

Name Age Relationship With Occupation (Name and

Head Annual Income)

Mr. Rajen Hazarika 61 Head Farming livestock

121 | P a g e
Mrs. Mamoni 55 Wife House care Farming
Hazarika taker

Mr. Biswajit 34 Son Farming Livestock

Hazarika
Mr. Tapan Hazarika 32 Son farming Livestock

Family labour available for farm use:

Males: 3
Female: 1
Permanantly hired labour engaged: 1
For farm work: 1
For tending cattles: Nil
3.Land Holdings

Items Irrigated Rainfed Home stead garden

Up Med Low Up Med Low Up Med Low
Owned - - - - 1.01 - - - -
Leased in - - - - - - - - -
Leased - - - - - - - - -
out

Total operational holding under:

Irrigated: Nil Un-irrigated:1.01 ha
Garden: nil Total: 1.01ha
4.Crop Enterprises

Crop Area(hectare) Season Crops in Remark

preceding year

122 | P a g e
Vegetables 1.01 Annual Vegetables Commercially
cultivating
vegetables and
a little amount
is taken for
home
consumption
from the same

Reasons for deviation if any: Nil

5.Livestock enterprise

Kind No Present Maintenan Receipts(Rs)from Net

. value(R ce income(R
s) charges(far Dairy Hire Total s)
m produce produc charg

and t es

maintenanc
e charges)
Cow 2 100000 4000 35000 - 35000 35000
from the
milk
The
previous
year the
farmer
had sold
3 cows
for
Rs.18000
0
123 | P a g e
Calf 4 8000 - - - - -

Goat 6 180000 - - - 180000 Depends

on how
many are
sold

Ducks 5 3500 - - - 3500 3500

Hens 11 2300 - - - Depends

on how
many are
sold

6.Farm Building

Particula Cos Life Rate of Amount Remark

rs of t Deprecia of s
Building (Rs. tion Depreciat
) ion
Dwelling 100 12 10 10000 Kutcha
house 000
cattle shed 500 5 10 500 Kutcha
0
Store 600 10 10 600 Kutcha
room 0

124 | P a g e
7.Irrigation: Nil

8.Calendar of operation

Month Nature of operation to

Colocasia Okra Beans
February Preparation of - -
land
Planting of
corm
March Weeding Land Land preparation
Irrigation preparation Sowing
mulching Sowing Irrigation
Irrigation Weeding
Weeding
April Weeding Weeding Weeding
Irrigation Earthing up Earthing up

May Weeding Harvesting Harvesting

Irrigation

9.Returns:

Crop Potato Mustard Tomato

Area (ha) 0.13 0.2 0.1

125 | P a g e
Total inputs (Rs.)
 Per ha Rs.18461 - Rs.6550
 Physical 76.92 quintal 15 quintals 50 quintals
returns(qtls
)
 Main Potato tubers Mustard seeds Tomato fruit
product - straw -

 By product

Gross Rs.1538400 Rs.90000 Rs. 100000

Per ha
Total
Net return (Rs.) Rs.1519939 Rs.90000 Rs.93450
Per ha
Total

Remarks The benefit Mustard Tomato

cost ratio of production production is
this crop is does not good.
higher than require much
other crops input but it is
not very
profitable

10.Cost of Production of crops (give separately for each crop)

Okra

Sl Operatio Input cost Labour (MD) Wages A Total

. ns rates m amount
n (MD) ou

126 | P a g e
o. (Rs) nt
Qty/ Pric Tot C M F MF C of
bigh e al wa
a (Rs) (Rs) ge
s
(R
s)
1 Land - - - - Ow - - - - -
preparatio n
n (fuel
charges)\
2 Nursery - - - own - - - - -
raising
3 F.Y.M(q) - - - - own - - - - -
4 Seed (g) 100g 700 - - 0wn - - - - 700
5 Fertilizers - - - - - - - - - -
(kg)
6 Transplan - - - - own own -
ting
7 Weeding - - - - own own - - - -
and
intercultur
e
operations
8 Irrigation 300 - - - own own - - - 300
9 Harvestin - - - - own - - - -
g
Total 1000

Mustard

127 | P a g e
Sl Operatio Input cost Labour (MD) Wages A Total
. ns rates m amount
n (MD) ou
o. (Rs) nt
Qty/ Pri Tot C M F MF C of
bigh ce al wa
a (Rs (Rs ge
) ) s
(R
s)
1 Land - - - - Ow - - - - -
preparatio n
n (fuel
charges)\
2 Nursery - - - own - - - - -
raising

3 F.Y.M(q) - - - - own - - - - -

4 Seed (g) 700 - - - 0wn - - - - -

5 Fertilizers - - - - - - - - - -
(kg)
6 Transplan - - - - own own - - -
ting

7 Weeding - - - - own own - - - -

and
intercultur
e
operations
8 Irrigation 450 - - - own own - - - 450

128 | P a g e
9 Harvestin - - - - 3 - - - 600
g
Total 1050

Beans

Sl Operatio Input cost Labour (MD) Wages A Total

. ns rates m amount
n (MD) ou
o. (Rs) nt
Qty/ Pri Tot C M F MF C of
bigh ce al wa
a (Rs (Rs ge
) ) s
(R
s)
1 Land - - - - Ow - - - - -
preparatio n
n (fuel
charges)\

2 Nursery - - - own - - - - -
raising

3 F.Y.M(q) - - - - own - - - - -

4 Seed (g) 500 450 450 - 0wn - - - - 450

5 Fertilizers - - - - - - - - - -
(kg)
6 Transplan - - - - own own - - -
ting

7 Weeding - - - - own own - - - -

129 | P a g e
 and
intercultur
e
operations
8 Irrigation 300 - - - own - - - - 300
9 Harvestin - - - - own - - - - -
g
1 Land - - - - - - - - - -
0 Revenue
(per year)
Total 750

11.Family expenditures (Rs.)

1. Food: 21925
2. Clothing: 5000
3. Housing: 3500
4. Fuel and lighting: 120000
5. Services: 3000
6. Other expenditures: 1500
Total expenditure of family (Rs.): 152000

ABSTRACT (Total for the farm business as a whole)

Name of the farmer: Biswajit Hazarika
Extent of holding:
Expenditure on the farm crops =Rs. 46000
Income of the farm
 Income from crops: Rs. 110000
 Income from livestock: Rs.215000 (Rs. 180000 from selling three cows
and Rs. 35000 From milk)
 Total gross return= Rs. 325000
 Net income from the farm= Rs. 365000 – Rs. 46000

130 | P a g e
 = Rs. 279000
Savings or otherwise
 Net amount available for family expenditure: Rs. 279000
 Family expenditure: Rs.154924
 Savings = Rs. 2797000- Rs. 154925
=Rs.124076

ANNEXURE V [b (iii)]

FARM RECORD BOOK

Year: 2021
1. Name of College: College of Agriculture, Jorhat
2. Name of the student: Dodi Priscilla Perme
3. Registration No.: 2017-AJ-42
4. Name of the Farmer: Mr. Biswajit Hazarika
5. Village: Napam

131 | P a g e
6. Mauza: Haleshwar
7. District: Sonitpur
8. Farm Inventory Land (Owned and Leased): 1.01 ha
(i) Survey No.:
(ii) Identification of the plot: medium land
(iii) Soil type and texture: Sandy Loam
(iv)Type of tenure (Own land/Leased out/Leased in): Owned Land
(v) Source of irrigation: Boring
(vi)Area of the plot (ha): 1.01 ha
Irrigated: 1.01 ha
Rain fed/ Un-irrigated: Nil
Total: 1.01 ha
(vi) Present value of land (Rs.): Rs.1.5 lakh per Bigha.
(vii) Rent/Rental value (Rs): Not available.
viii) Remarks: From the above information, it is clear that the farmer has got 1.01 ha
medium land and the crops are not solely rain dependent but are irrigated as and when
needed.

8 .Farm Buildings and other structures:

132 | P a g e
S Desc Type of Year Value at Expect Rema
l ripti constru of the time ed life rk
n on ction constr of (years)
o uction constructi
. / on/
purch purchase
ase (Rs.)
1 Dwel Assam 2015 100000 12 Living
. ling type with
Hous Kutcha family
e house
2 Stora Kutcha 2015 5000 10 Store
. ge house goods
room
3 Cattl Kutcha 2015 6000 5 For
. e house the
shed cattles

9.Fencing, water tub, threshing floor, fish ponds, Tube wells, Pumping sets and
Related irrigation structures and equipments

Description well Pump set

No. 1 1
Year of construction/ 2015 2010
purchase
Cost of construction/ 10000 8500
Purchase (Rs.)
Value at the - -
beginning of the year
Expected life of the 50 years 15 years

133 | P a g e
 structure (years)
Remarks In good condition Good condition

10.Implements and Machinery

Descripti Tract Rotav Pow Ca Disc Bik

on or ator er ge plou e
tiller wh gh
eel
Numbers 1 1 1 1 1 1

Year of 2014 2015 2016 201 2014

making/ 5
purchase
If 6120 11200 2900 140 2000 800
purchase 00 0 0 00 0 00
d (Rs.)
Value at - - - - - -
the
beginnin
g of the
year
(Rs.)
Expected 25 10 10 9 9 15
life of years years years yea yers yea
impleme rs rs
nts/
machine
ry/ other
equipme
nts
(years)

134 | P a g e
Remarks In In In In In In
good good good goo work goo
condi conditi condi d ing d
tion on tion con cond con
diti ition diti
on on

11.Livestock

Description Milch Calf Goat Ducks Chic

anima ken
l
Number 2 3 6 3 11

Breed (non Norma Normal local local local

descript/ l jersey-2
improved jersey Sahiwal-1
breed) 1
Sahiw
al-1
Home bred purcha homebred Purchas Home Hom
or sed ed -1 bred e
purchased Home bred
bred-5

Year of 2003 - 2003 - -

purchase
Price at 8000 - 30000 - -
which
purchased
Present 50000 - 104000 700*3 200*
mark value *2 =3500 11
(Rs.)
135 | P a g e
 =1000 =220
00 0
Remarks Gives They are All are
10-12 in good at
litres condition market
of able
milk size
everyd
ay

12.Agricultural loan outstanding at the beginning of the year

There is no record of my farmer taking an agricultural loan.

13.Cropping Pattern
1. Area (Hectares)
(i). cultivated area: 1.01 ha of land
(ii). Uncultivated area: 0.2ha
(iii). Reasons:nil
2. Kharif reason
(i). name of the crops: Okra, beans, cucurbits, colocasia
(ii). Variety: okra- raadhika, colocasia- local, beans- master beans
(iii). Area (Hectares): 1.01 ha
3.Rabi season
(i). Name of the crops: Mustard, Potato, Cabbage, tomato, cauliflower, broccoli, carrot,
knolkhol, peas
(ii). Variety: local varieties- tomato, lucky ball- cabbage, Nainital- potato,
(iii). Area(Hectares): 1.01 ha
4.Remarks: The farmer practices crop rotation to reduce the pest and disease incidences.

14.Crop production record

Date Name Are Main product By product Remarks

136 | P a g e
 of the a
crop (ha)
Qty Valu Qty V
(qtls e (qtls al
) (Rs.) ) u
e
(
R
s.
)
8/3/2021 Potato 0.13 10 20/ - - -
kg
4/3/2021 Mustar 0.2 3 60/ 6 - The seeds
d kg were sold
to a local
agency
4/6/2021 Okra 0.06 4 10/ - - The yield
kg was
satisfactory
24/2/202 tomato 0.1 5 20/ - - The farmer
1 kg did not
receive a
fair sum
due to low
demands

15.Milk Production and Disposal of livestock Production

1. Date 5th march 2021

2.Identification of animals Ear tags

137 | P a g e
3.milk production in litres
 Morning
7liter-9 liter
 Evening
 Total 5 liter-6 liter

 value 12 liter

Rs.50/ liter
4.Disposal agency (Name) Sunil Gosh
5.Home consumption(qty)
 Disposal Agency (qty) 2 liter
 Quantity 10 liter

16. Feeds and production from other enterprises (Poultry, Piggery etc and their
disposal)
1. Date: 06/03/2021
2. Type of enterprise: livestock
3. Feed
 Type: rice straw, green remains of vegetables, grazing in the field
 Quantity(kg): unknown
 Value (Rs.): all from own farm
4.Production
 Type: Milk
 Quantity(kg): 10-12 liter per day
 Value (Rs.): Rs. 40/liter
5.Disposal
 Disposal agency (name): Sunil Gosh
 Quantity: 10 liter
 Value (Rs.): Rs. 400
6.Home consumption(qty): 2 Liter
17. Disposal of produce from crops:

Na Dispo Sales Paym Other disposal Remark

138 | P a g e
 me sal ents s
of Agenc in
the y kind
pro (Nam Qty (qtl) Value Q V Type Qty. Val
duc e) (Rs.) t al (Qtl) ue
e y ue (Rs.
( (R )
Q s.)
tl
)
Mu Local 3 Rs.180 -- -- Hom 6 - The
star agenc 00 e straw is
d y cons used for
see umpt mulching
d ion
pot Local -- -- -- -- -- A little
ato marke amount
t is kept
for home
consump
tion

18. Receipts other than sales of farm produce: Nil

ANNEXURE V (c)
FAMILY BUDGETS
Name of respondent : Mr Biswajit Hazarika
Village : Napam Chapori
1. General :

139 | P a g e
 i) Educational qualification of the respondents (Head) : 12th pass
ii) Religion of the family : Hindu
iii) Whether Nucleus/Joint family : Nucleus family
iv) Occupation/status : farmer
2. General Living Conditions:
i) Nature of house : kutcha
ii) Sufficiency of accommodation : Sufficient
iii) Drinking water facilities : Hand pump
iv) Toilet facilities : Pucca hygenic
v) Year of construction : 2015
vi) cost : 50,000

3. House-hold compositions:

Sl no. Adult Adult Children Educational Earner/Dependent

males female (below 15 status
years)
1 Biswajit - - 12th pass Earner
Hazarika

2 - Mamoni - - Dependent
Hazarika
3 Rajen - - - Dependent
Hazarika
4 Tapan - 10th pass Earner
Hazarika

4. Income of Household:

140 | P a g e
i. Farm income( Rs.): Rs.197000
ii. Non-farm incom : Nil
Total income: Rs.197000
5. Family expenditure:

Sl Name of Unit Qty/ Qty/ Qty/ Freq. of Cost per Total

no the Day mont year consum unit (Rs) expendit
. commodity h ption ure
(Rs)/yr
1 Cereals Kg 2.5 75 900 Daily Own -
source
2 Pulses Kg 0.3 9 108 Daily 90 9720
3 Cereal - - - - - -
substitute
4 Pulses - - - - - -
products
5 Roots and Kg .6 18 216 Daily Own -
tubers source

6 Green leafy Kg 0.2 6 73 Sometim Own -

vegetables es source
7 Other Kg .5 15 180 Daily Own -
vegetables source
8 Fruits
i)Fresh Kg - 8 96 Sometim 20/kg 600
es
ii)Dry Kg - - - - -
9 Nuts and - - - - - -
oilseeds
10 Fresh foods
i)Meat Kg .5 1.5 18 Thrice in own -
141 | P a g e
 a month
iii)Eggs - - 20 240 Frequent Own -
ly source
iv)Canned - - - - - -
11 Milk and
milk
products
i. Milk - - 2L 60 - Own -
L produce
ii. Curd Lite - - - Sometim 0wn -
r es produce
Iii. Milk - -
products
12 Fats and
oils
i. Mustard Lite - 2.5 30 Daily 100 3,000
oil r
ii)Refined Lite - 2 24 sometim 110 2,640
oil r es
13 Sugar and Kg - 3 36 Daily 40 1440
jiggery
14 Spices and - - - - Daily - 2000
condiment
(Kg)
15 Beverages Lite - - 7 sometim 75 525
r es
16 Bakery Kg - - 20 Daily 100 2000
products
Total food: Rs 21925

FAMILY EXPENDITURES (Rs)

142 | P a g e
1 Food 21925
.
2 Clothing 5000
.
3 Housing 3,500
.
4 Fuel and lighting 120000
.
5 Other expenditure, such as Ceremonies, functions, 1,500
. pilgrimages etc
6 Miscellaneous goods,services & recreation 3000
.

Total expenditure of family (Rs) = Rs.154925

Percentage of Expenditure on :
1. Food = 14.15%
2. Clothing = 3.22%
3. Housing= 2.25%
4. Fuel and Lighting = 77.4%
5. Ceremonies, functions etc.= 0.96%
6. Miscellaneous goods, services= 1.93%

Total annual expenditure:

a) Total income Rs.279000
b) Total expenditure Rs 154925
b) Surplus or deficit Rs.(279000- 154925)
Rs.124076 surplus the previous year

143 | P a g e
 ANNEXURE VI (a)

COMPONENT I: SITUATION ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

1. List of major agricultural problems of the host farmers identified in the host
village:
a) Technical Problem:
1. Lack of knowledge about the irrigation technique.
2. Lack of knowledge about weed and weed equipments.
3. Only mono cropping is followed and no intercropping or mix cropping procedure is
followed.
4. Lack of knowledge on method of fertilizer and pesticide application.
5. Lack of knowledge on pesticide compatibility.
6. Hybrid and HYV seeds are not used.
7. Non availability of farm machineries.
8. Lack of knowledge about the agricultural technologies and on organic farming.
9. Lack of knowledge regarding the storage of surplus and storage structures.
10. Post harvest operation is done manually which is time consuming.
11. Lack of skill to operate different farm machinery.
b) Economic Problems:
1. Inadequate income.
2. Exploitation of poor by the middleman.
3. Lack of knowledge about the market.
4. Lack of risk bearing ability.
5. Inadequate marketing system.
6. Many farmers are small and marginal farmer.
7. Process of loan disbursement is slow.
8. Diversification of income to non-farm activities.
9. Price fluctuation in the market.
c) Social problems:
1. Problem of unemployment among the landless labours.
144 | P a g e
 2. Lack of agro-processing industries.
3. Small and scattered farm holding restricting introduction of new technology in
agriculture.
4. Low socio-economic status of the farmer.
5. Low literacy level among the farmers.
d) Communication and transportation problem:
1. Lack of communication between farmers and seed/fertilizer agencies.
2. Lack of communication between farmers and whole sellers/village traders.
3. All farmers do not have good transportation facilities (truck, tractor etc).
e) Service related problems: (irrigation, banking, soil testing etc)
1. Lack of contact between farmer and village level extension worker.
2. Lack of processing industries for raw materials produces by the farmers.
3. Ignorance among farmers regarding agricultural loans and schemes.
4. High rate of interest on loan charged by the professional money lenders.
5. Complicated procedures for obtaining loan from credit institutes.
6. Inadequate and untimely release of loan by credit institutions.
7. Non availability of cold storage facilities in the locality.
f) Input and market problems:
1. Very limited government subsidy on production inputs.
2. Lack of efficient marketing facility at the village level.
3. Increase in prices of farm inputs like seeds, fertilizers, agro-chemicals etc.
4. Less knowledge about recommendation and use of fertilizers and other agro
chemicals.
5. Lack of availability of fertilizers during the peak period of crop production.
g) Production related problems:
1. Rain fed production practice.
2. Lack of irrigation facilities.
3. Non availability of quality seeds at planting time.
4. High cost of certified quality seeds.
5. Limited supply of certified seeds by the government.
6. High incidences of pest and diseases.
7. Small and scattered land holding.
145 | P a g e
 3. List of training needs identified (Aspects on which training may be
organized):

SL No Training need Target group

1. Mushroom cultivation Farm woman, youth
2. Integrated farming system Farmers, village
youth
3. Homestead pesticide production Farmers and youth
4. SRI method of rice transplanting Farmers and youth
5. Handling of sprayer Farmers and youth
6. Air layering in citrus and guava Farmers and youth
7. Introduction and use of biofertilizer Farmers and youth
8. Jam, Jelly making Farmers, farm youth
9. Vermicompost and azolla production Farmers and youth
10. Homestead compost production Farmers, village
youth
11. Employment generation through Farmers, farm
composite fish culture, poultry farming, woman, youth
goatery

4. Extension need of the farmers/villagers identified (Aspects in which extension

services/ guidance may be provided/ stepped up):

Sl no. Extension Need Target Group

1. Guidance on availing agricultural Farmers and
credit/loan from different sources SHG
2 Guidance on disposal of farm produce to Farmers
the regulated market
3. Guidance for setting up of vegetable Rural youth
processing
4. Setting up of vermicomposting unit and Rural youth

146 | P a g e
 azolla unit
5. Guidance on low cost storage methods Farmers
6. Knowledge on proper doses of pesticides Farmers
and fertilizers
7. Guidance regarding the use of proper and Farmers,
suitable crop variety Farm youth
8. Guidance regarding the preparation of soil Farmer
health card

4. Date wise record / List of field visit made:

No such group field activities were made. However the students visited their host farmers
and their nearby farmers regularly. There were some planned field visits but were
cancelled due to covid-19 outbreak.
5. Major problems affecting the youth in village:
 Uneducated
 Lack of social awareness and participations
 Lack of extension activities
 Migration in search of job to distant places
 Lack of leadership feeling
 Unemployment
 Lack of attitude for entrepreneurship development
 Poor development skills and knowledge
 Poor risk bearing ability
 Lack of infrastructural support and scarce resource
 Stubborn social environment.
5. SWOT analysis of the village situation (and feasible agro-based enterprise)

STRENGT  Availability of low land which is suitable for

H fishery as well as boro rice cultivation.
 Availability of abundant natural resource

147 | P a g e
  Climate and soil is suitable for diverse cultivation
 Abundant production of field and horticultural
crop
 Road communication is very good
 Near to KVK, Sonitpur
 Processing unit as rice mill is available
WEAKNES  Shortage of irrigation facilities
S  No storage facility for perishable produce
 Unavailabiliy of agri. Shop like fertilizer,
pesticide, seeds and feed in the village itself
 Outdated technologies
 Mono cropping is followed
 Recommended package and practices are not
followed
 Lack of education and insufficient fund to adopt
new technology
OPPURNI  Nearby information house in the form of KVK
TIES  Good distribution of seeds, fertilizer, etc from
block office , KVK etc
 Training can be obtained from KVK
 Good banking facilities
 Opportunity for setting up of composting unit,
agro-based industries
 Establishment of agriculture shop like pesticides,
fertilizer, etc for easy availability of agricultural
inputs
 Establishment of store house and development of
regulated market
 Setting up of rice and oil mill

148 | P a g e
THREATS  Drought
 Insect and pest damage
 Injudicious use of pesticide, fertilizers
 Resistance of insect to low toxic chemicals
 Economic condition is poor

ANNEXURE VI (b)

Component II: On-going extension programmes and their impacts

1. List of on – going extension programmes under various organizations / Govt.

Departments / NGOs in the villages

149 | P a g e
 1)Pradhan Mantri 1. Provision of BPL
Awash pucca houses
Yojna-Grameen to all
2)Mahatma Gandhi houseless and
National those living in
Rural Employment dilapidated
Guaraantee houses.2.
3 .DRDA /
Act( MGNREGA) 2. Employment
Block
generation
through asset
creation-
Construction of
roads drains and
canal culverts,
schools and
ponds.
1.National livestock 1. Subsidy-BPL District
mission 80% APL 60% developme
(NLM) nt plan
2.Pig value chain 2.Selected 3 pig beneficiarie
3.PPRCP (Peste des bandhus, 39 s are
pestits ruminants selected by
beneficiary,
ZillaParish
4 .Govt. AH & control programme) distribution of free ad
Veterinary Dept
4.Dairy entrepreneur pigs
development scheme 3.For goats plague
5. Setting uo of 4.25% subsidy
5.Distribution of
Artificial insemination
jersey sperms
in village Veterinary
Dispensary.
1. North east textile 1.Supply and MugaEri
promotion scheme installation of silkworm
rearers.
2.Plantation Scheme spinning
3. Rearing House machine
Scheme
4. Reeling and 2.To develop the

Spinning Scheme. textile sector in

5. Disease Free sonitpur distrct

Layings scheme 3. Increase the

5. Govt. value of textile
6.Seed Production
Sericultu Scheme production
re Dept. 7.Catalytic 4. Distribution
Development
Programme of free seeds
5. 50% subsidiaries 150 | P a g e
for farm
machineries
6. Research on
2. Findings regarding village institutions and their roles in development programmes

Name of Year of Name of Activities Beneficiaries

Village Establishment office bearers
institution
1.Panchayat 1952 Marina Begum- Indira Awash All villagers
(Napam G.P.) President Yojna, under the
Gram Sabha panchayat
Babul Deka- Activities,
Counciler Road
construction,
Gouranga Sanitation,
Dutta- Mukhya
Secretary Mantri Anna
Suraksha
Somnath Yojna and
Sharma-
Kambal
Gaon Burha
distribution,
Milon Pandit- Construction of
Ward dwelling house.
Member

Parbin Sultana-
Ward
Member

Md. Haribur
Rahman-
Ward
Member

Md.
Shahabuddin-
Ward Member

Md. Farhad
Ali-
Ward Member

Mrs. Pratima
Devi-
151 | P a g e
 Ward Member
2.Co-op. 1971 President- Regulation of Villagers
Society Hassan Ali markets

3.Village Dev
Council

4.Namghar 1980 President- Village people All

Tulon go for prayer assamese
Gogoi
Secretary- villagers of
Harikanta Napam
Deka
5.Self help Progoti SHG President- Handweaving Villagers
groups: 2007 Alaka clothes,
Deka, Construction
Secretary-
Moromi of toilets,
Deka Barman Providing
Villagers
Astha Mohila loans
SHG 2008
President- Selling pitha, Villagers
Pratibha
Unnoti Mohila ladu in
Deka
SHG 2009 Secretary- markets.
Rupa
Deka Rearing of
President- goats
Nonima
Potongia
Secretary-
Juna Devi

3. Success stories of SHG/CIG/FIG/progressive farmers/ Agro based industries

A) Cultivation Of Apple Ber by, Mr. Teju Singh-

152 | P a g e
Mr. Teju Singh is a resident of Amolapam Village, Sonitpur District. He is a very keen farmer
who is open to trying new ideas especially on horticultural crops.. He owns a total land of
0.70ha in which he cultivates Apple Ber, Tezpur Lichi, Ber and lemon. He also cultivates
maize, chilli and okra in his homestead garden.He started cultivating Apple Ber from March,
2019 after watching a Youtube video which informed his about the cultural management and
the benefit cost ratio of the crop. He purchased the saplings from a nursery in Nagaon called
Ghumura nursery.

What makes his still cultivate the crop and propagate it is the yield that he gets from the crop.
The yield of Apple Ber on 2020 was 7 quintal. He sells his produce at a wholesale rate of
Rs.55/kg. His total income the previous year solely by this crop was Rs.40000. Each sapling
was bought at a price of Rs.75, since he bought a total of 50 saplings the cost incurred was
Rs.3750 and the total cost of production was Rs.8350. when we calculate the beneft to cost
ratio it comes to 3.7.

The open mindedness and the courage to try a new crop have shown us that Mr. Tezu Singh is
really interested and dedicated to the field.

B) Broccoli Cultivation by, Mr. Saiful Islam-

Mr. Saiful Islam a younger farmer belongs to the Amolopam village of Sonitpur district. He
owns a total of 3.9ha of land. He has recently started to grow broccoli in place of cabbage in
his farm after seeing the demand of this crop in the previous years. He purchased the seeds
from Sonitpur nursery, which was from Syngenta Company. Of his total land holding he used
4 bighas of land for the cutivation of crop . Mr. Saiful Islam gained a total income of
Rs.125000. The total cost of production was Rs.31900 and the benefit cost ratio came to 2.9.
Mr. Saiful Islam shows his level of alertness about the current affairs in the market which
helped him take the risk and be awarded for the same.

C) Cultivation of Oyester Mushroom by, Mr. Gangaram Dahal.-

Mr. Gangaram Dahal a resident of Amolapam village of Sonitpur District is a farmer who has
seen the potential of cultivating Oyster mushroom and has been very successful. He purchased

153 | P a g e
the spawn from Biswanath College of Agriculture . To cultivate the mushroom he set up a
room behind his house and prepared 20 bags initially. The total cost incurred was Rs. 560
(Rs.28/bag) and the yield was 17.5 kg from the 20 mushroom bags that he prepared. He sold
the mushroom at a rate of Rs.150/kg and the total income was Rs.2580. His benefit to cost
ratio is 3.6. He now grows around 50-60 bags of Oyster mushroom and has become an
example for others.

D) Lachit Aatmohay Gut -

Lachit Aatmohay Gut is a Self Help Group (SHG), which is located in Amolapam Village of
Sonitpur District. Mr.Gangaram Dahal is the co-founder of the Lachit Aatmohay Gut. This
SHG was started with an aim to help the farmers pave their way for a subsidiary income in
their lives.
He trained the members on how to grow, nurture and gain income through Oyester mushroom
cultivation. He went door to door to help disseminate the importance of mushrooms in their
diet and made aware of the profit and advantages of Oyester Mushroom cultivation in Assam.
This is a big step forward as the people are not very aware about the benefits of mushrooms
and how income can be generated through this.

ANNEXURE VI (c)

Component II: Dissemination of Agricultural Technology

i)Record relating to the Information Center:

Date of establishing information corner: 09-03-2021
Location: Amolapam,Sonitpur (oppositetoNapam M.V.School)
List of visuals displayed:-
 Chart papers
 Live Models
 Models
 Poster
 Leaflets
 Booklets

154 | P a g e
SI No. List of students Technology highlighted
1 Aditya Bezbaruah (2017-AJ-01) Nematology: disease
symptoms
2 Aiushpratim Saikia (2017-AJ-02) IFS

3 Preetam Baruah (2017-AJ-145) Poultry, Mushroom, Quail

4 Mriganko Kakoti (2017-AD-17) Ag. Met Observatory

5 Mr.Pranjeet Kalita(2017-AB-23) Solar tunnel drier

6 Mr. Pritamphonglo(2017-AB-45) IPM

7 Nazmin Sultana (2017-AD-19) Chart

8 Bipasha Borkotoky (2017-AD-07) Chart

9 Barnamala Kalita(2017-AJ-18) Cropping patterns

10 Bhabna Bora(2017-AJ-19) SRI

11 Pilano Paton(2017-AJ-85) Soil pollution

12 Mayborn C wangnao(2017-AD-72) Fish breeding with duckery

13 Sudeshna Ray(2017-AD-28) Hydroponics

14 Mayurakhsi Bora(2017-AD-13) Drainage system in tea

garden
15 Arlin Sen(2017-AJ-09) Planting system

16 Shrishty Kasyap(2017-AJ-114) Rain water harvesting

17 Prapti Saikia(2017-AJ-151) Soil profile

18 Karishma Paswan(2017-AJ-156) composting

19 Arkita Borkotoky(2017-AJ-159) Biogas plan

20 Mridusmita Kalita(2017-AB-09) Resistant, tolerant variety

21 Bhaswati Bora(2017-AB-10) Irrigation system

22 Malin Teronpi(2017-AB-44) Cultivation in terrace

155 | P a g e
 23 Jayanti Kharel(2017-AJ-54) Vertical farming

24 Dipsika Boniya(2017-AJ-40) Roof top gardening

25 Dodi Priscilla perme(2017-AJ-42) Green house

26 Azad sharif Hussain(2017-AD-05) Chart

27 Bhargab Dev Sharma(2017-AD-06) Chart

28 Moasunep (2017-AJ-76) Aquaculture

29 Jil Boro(2017-AJ-55) Zero energy cooling

chamber
30 Mr. Parthapratim Bhardwaj(2017-AD-17) Chart

31 Ngawang Namgay(2017-AJ-78) Udairaj chullah

No. of farmers present during inauguration: 35 farmers

Visiting hour: Every Monday and Wednesday from 11A.M to 1 P.M

ii) Record of Method demonstrations organized

Sl. Date Location Technology/ Name of A.V Aids No. of

No. skills student (who used Farme
presented) rs
Present
1. 22-04-2021 Napam Rain Water Sudeshna Charts and 14
chapori Harvesting Ray model

2. 22-04-2021 Napam Drip Irrigation Malin Charts and 14

chapori Teronpi model

3. 22-04-2021 Napam Hydroponics Arlin Sen Charts and 14

chapori model

4. 07-04-2021 Amolapa Integrated Bipasha Charts and 20

m Farming Borkotoky model
System
5. 07-04-2021 Amolapa Mushroom Aiush Pratim Charts and 20
m Cultivation Saikia model

6. 07-04-2021 Amolapa Integrated Fish Nazmin Charts and 20

156 | P a g e
 m and Duck Sultana live
Farming demonstratio
n
7. 08-04-2021 Amolapa Compost Pit Barnamala Charts and 18
m Preparation Kalita live
demonstratio
n
8. 08-04-2021 Amolapa Green Bhabna Bora Charts and 18
m Manuring live
demonstratio
n
9. 08-04-2021 Amolapa Seedling Root Aditya Charts and 18
m Treatment of Bezbaruah live
Vegetables demonstratio
with Bioveer n
10. 08-04-2021 Napam Yellow Sticky Srishtty Charts and 20
chapori Trap Kashyap live
demonstratio
n
11. 08-04-2021 Napam Pheromone Arkita Charts and 20
chapori Trap. Borkakoty live
demonstratio
n
12. 08-04-2021 Napam Ginger Root Karishma Charts and 20
chapori Treatment Paswan live
Using Bioveer demonstratio
n
13. 08-04-2021 Napam Air Layering Prapti Saikia Charts and 20
chapori of guava live
demonstratio
n
14. 09-04-2021 Amolapa Bamboo Preetam Charts and 12
m Biochar Baruah live
Production demonstratio
n
15. 09-04-2021 Amolapa Air Layering Pranjeet Charts and 12
m on Citrus Kalita live
demonstratio
n

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 ANNEXURE VI (d)
Component III: Participation in Community Activities

1.Record of initiative or participants in village social service work

Date Locatio Nature of Name of Benefit No of

n/venue social students or assets villag
service who created ers
activity particip (if any) who
organized ated partic
ipated
28/02 KVK, National All 31 Spread a 80( in
/ Sonitpur Science Day RAWEP message cludin
2021 Organizing students about the g
quiz importan KVK
competition ce of staff)
and art science
competition used in
daily life
and
create
interest
among
the
students,
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 teachers
towards
develop
ment in
the field
of
science
03/03 Azad World All 31 The 70
/2021 Memori Wildlife RAWEP RAWEP Nos
al Day, and Student students ( inclu
school, inauguration present planted ding
Napam of wall trees in studen
Chapori magazine the t and
school teache
campus rs)
and held
a
awarenes
s
program
me. We
have also
prepared
a wall
magazin
e named
“Rupant
or” and
it was
inaugura
ted by
P.C
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 Deka sir.
08/03 KVK, Internationa All 31 It 65
/ Sonitpur l Womens’ RAWEP focused Nos
2021 Day Students on ( Inclu
helping ding
women KVK
gain full staff)
and
equal
participa
tion in
global
develop
ment.
The
program
me was
graced
by many
honoura
ble
women
dignitari
es and
we
falicitate
d5
women
of
different
agricultu

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 re sector
01/04 KVK, 53rd All 31 We went 45
/ Sonitpur Foundation RAWEP to KVK Nos
2021 of AAU Students and flag ( Inclu
hosting ding
was done KVK
by P.C STAF
Deka sir. F)
Also we
had
performe
d
swaccha
Bharat
Abhiyan
at KVK,
Sonitpur
22/3/ KVK, World water All 31 KVK 50
2021 Sonitpur day RAWEP staff Nos
students member ( inclu
organize ding
da KVK
extempo staff)
re speech
compeiti
tion
among
the
RAWEP
students.
The
RAWEP
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 students
also
performe
d MD
related to
World
Water
Day at
Napam
Chapori

2. Record of meeting / group discussions organized to discuss social issues / problems and
acquire suggestions to solve them or provide solution to selected especially relating to
agricultural aspects / problems
Meetings or group discussion could not be arranged due to the COVID-19 outbreak.
3. Record of innovative techniques to sensitize action of village community to address
social issues / social change for rural development
It could not be done due to COVID-19 outbreak.

ANNEXURE VII

Course No: RAWEP 414 (III):: Course Title: Linkage with Agro-industry

Due to COVID-19 outbreak the RAWEP students were unable to make visits to any of the
agro-industries of the district. However for this course the RAWEP students interviewed
proprietors of one Agro-industry through electronic means:

A. Interview no.1

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1. Name of the Industry: Pabhoi Greens
2. Address: Biswanath Chariali, Assam
3. Ownership: Mr.Neelam Dutta
4. Duration of study: 1 hour
5. About and History of the Farm: Pabhoi Greens also known as Laxmi Agriculture
Multipurpose Project (LAMP) in the region was started by late Dr.Hemen Dutta in the year
1978-1979. The farm is located 30 km way from Biswanath Chariali town. The present owner
of the farm is Mr. Neelam Dutta an MSW degree holder who carries out extensive agricultural
practices with the aim to increase the productivity, availability and affordability of agricultural
products.Various agricultural activities are practiced including fish rearing, organic manure
production, bio-pesticide production, horticultural crop production, budding and grafting,
producing and breeding organic seeds, duckery, dairy, besides a special effort to cultivate
aromatic paddy varieties like Joha. Mr.Neelam Dutta is also involved with the Assam
Agricultural University, towards research based propagation of efficient agricultural practices
and a well-known consultant in India in the organic agriculture domain.
7. IFS model followed in the farm: Agriculture: Pisciculture-Apiculture-Livestock- Farming
8. Different components present in the farm: The Different components of the farm are
Rice cultivation, organic seed production, vegetable production, azolla cultivationpisciculture,
fruit cultivation, fishery, apiculture and livestock and duckery-poultry.
9. Breeding of fish: Pabhoi Greens has become a pioneer for breeding of craps in Northeast
India, they cultivate 11 species of crapsand fishes like Rohu, Catla etc.
10. Breeding of Fruits &Vegetables: All total 300 varieties of vegetables of which 60
varieties are marketable & 200 varieties of fruits are grown in the farm. The farm grows 12
varieties of capsicum, 6 varieties of gourds, 54 varieties of tomato, 6 varieties of okra, 14
varieties of lettuce, white jute, assam lemon, varieties of guava. Recently, the farm has started
cultivating 2 types of maize variety (pop-corn & sweet- corn). They carry out budding and
grafting in the farm and has maintained a 128 germplasm of rice. They also practice
intercropping and multi level cropping.
11. Organic practices followed in the farm: The farm is certified organic in 2003 by Oncert
an American company. Various organic agricultural practices are followed in the farm
including Vermicpompost production (350mt/yr), bredding and producing organic seeds,
production and use of biopesticides and biofertilizers. The quality of farm produce is
maintained by applying vermicompost, borax, ash, bone meal, neemcake and mixture of
Trichoderma & Pseudomonas fluorescens.
12. Details of the farm (Area): A total of 12 ha of land is under Pabohi Greens of which 6ha
of land is owned by the farm and another 6ha of land is taken in lease.
13. Labour strength: A total of 43 people are employed throughout the year and additional
people are employed depending on the season’s need. The ratio of male to female workers is
1:1.
14. Marketing management: The products are mainly for sell in hometown market during
this pandemic. During the lockdown period, the farm adopted Community Supported

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Agriculture. They have started taking online orders of the products as an attempt to battle
Covid 19. The seeds are sold at a brand name of “Pabhoi Greens”, earlier they sold their seeds
in Amazon which sadly did not turn out to be a match so the farm now sells the seed to
“Sahaja Seeds” (Largest organic seed company).
15. Observation on different steps of processing: Collection of raw material/milk, drying of
raw material, use of solely organic amendments for pest and diseases and crop production and
use of cold chain storage for storing the seeds.
16. Studies on machineries: The farm has a newly established tissue culture lab, cold chain
storage.
17. Personal management method: Mr.Neelam Dutta himself manages the entire farm with a
little support from his wife. The farm activities are divided among the workers of the farm for
smooth performance and he ensures that everything in the farm is utilized.
18. Safety measures and social responsibilities: They have started taking orders online for
their products as an attempt to keep the society safe from Covid-19. All the waste materials
are used for a different purpose in the farm and they also take great care so their fishery
section does not add on to the water pollution level.
19. Quality control: The farm follows scientific method of cultivation and they try to keep up
with all the regulations required to be followed as an organic farm.
20. Value addition: Presently, value addition is in the form of seeds, production of vermi-
compost, converting cow urine to bio-pesticide and using of farm goods for bakery.
21. Dispatching: Goods are dispatched through carrier vans.
22. Price fixation: Price fixation is done by the Mr.Neelam Dutta.
23. Outcome (manner of running the industry; generally profitable): The farm generally
runs in profitable manner and along with profit the farm really gives importance to the ethical
values.
24. Grading, packing and transportation of the produce: For different farm products they
choose various parameters for its grading. Basically the parameters are shape, size, color,
texture etc. They use eco friendly paper bags for packaging of their products. But for
packaging of their seeds they use small PP bag inside the paper bags to retain particular
moisture and seed viability. They use carrier van for selling their fresh product in distant as
well as local market. They also tied up with some online courier services for selling their
organic seeds.
25. How the farm was managed during Lockdown: During the lockdown managing the
farm was a challenge due to the limited time frame however it was overcome with the help of
their permanent employees.
26. Losses during lockdown: There were no major losses during the lockdown instead the
owner of the farm provided their fresh product to their labour free of cost.
27. Any help from authorities during Lockdown: The government allowed the farm to carry
out their regular activities provided precautions were taken and social distancing was
maintained. 28. SWOT Analysis of the farm:
 Strength- The workers are hardworking and honest in their work

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  Weakness- maintaining a supply chain and the people lack knowledge
 Opportunity- Market gap, demand of good quality produce
 Threat- Govt. policies, society, lack of awareness
29. Annual turnover of the enterprise- 50-60lakhs

B. Interview no.2

1. Name of the Industry: Daffodil Nursery

2. Address: Bherakuchi, Block- Dimuria, Kamrup(M)
3. Ownership: Mrs. Rekha Sharma
4. Duration of Study: 1 hour.
5. About & History of the Nursery: The nursery was established in 1982 by Dr.
Dhrubajyoti Sharma. The nursery saw a major growth from the year 1995 onwards. The
nursery is ran by Mr. Dhrubajyoti Sharma and his wife Mrs. Rekha Sharma. At present
the nursery has different kinds of horticultural plants and serves as the North East seed
whole seller. The nursery is rated as a two star by the Central Institute of Horticulture.
The nursery has a mother progeny block and are certified to sell 18 crop varieties in any
part part of the country viz. Litchi (Tezpuri Seedless, Rose scented, Muzafarpur,
Bombay green), Citrus (Khasi Mandarin, Nagpur Mandarin, Assam lemon), Guava
(Lalit, L-49, Allahabad Safeda). With immense success from the nursery they have been
able to open a college named “Daffodil College of Horticulture” and plan to grow as a
University in the near future. Currently more than 300 permanent labours are employed
in the nursery and each are assigned with specific tasks. Apart from this time to time,
hired labours are also employed depending on the need of the hour. The number of
female workers is more than the males in the nursery.
6. Salient points of discussion with the management: Discussed about the history of the
nursery, different types of flowers, fruit crops grown, the quality of the inputs, products and
marketing management.
7. Area of the nursery: about 60-70 bigha of land is under the nursery. Out of the total 22
bigha land is under the mother progeny block from where selling of the products are
carried out.

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8. Quality of input: The nursery uses F1 hybrid seeds from companies like Pan America
and Gold Smith. These seeds are imported from countries like England, Japan, Holland,
U.S, etc.
9. Studies on machineries: The nursery has all sort of machineries required for nursery
raising like Lawnmowers, seed drillers etc.
10. Personal management method: Both Mrs. Rekha Sharma & Dr. Dhruba Jyoti Sarma
were involved in the management of the nursery with additional help from 10-15
supervisors for maintenance of work in the nursery.
11. Safety measures and social responsibilities: Strict safety measures were taken during
the pandemic like the workers had to wear mask at all times and they were not allowed
to come in if thry had no mask, proper social distancing was maintained during working
hours, sanitization of areas was done.
12. Incentives: The nursery provides bonus to the workers during different occasions round
the year. Incentives are provided in times of medical emergencies as well as during the
times of need of the workers. They also help the workers with paying school/ college
fees of their children.
13. Quality control & assessment of output: the nursery believes in maintain a certain
quality because of which they use high quality inputs so as to get a good quality output.
Qualities of the commodities are maintained as per the demand of the consumers. Due to
its good quality, the nursery had received certification for 18 horticultural crops grown
in the nursery.
14. Value addition: Value addition of flowers is done my making bouquets. Additionally,
during lockdown due to decrease in sale, plants are transferred into larger pots and made
to grow bigger for availing a better price.
15. Marketing strategies: The nursery has been able to meets the demands of the local
market therefore they have extended their service to the neighboring countries. Recently
they have completed an order for the birthday of the King of Bhutan. Other small
nurseries purchase goods from the nursery. Also, they keep the price lower than other
nurseries to attract the customers. The nursery never compromise with the quality, which
draws attention of the customers.
16. Dispatching: The quality produce are dispatched all over the north- east states as well
as some neighboring countries like Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh etc.
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17. Price fixation: Price fixation is done by the nursery itself. Generally, products of the
nursey are much cheaper compared to those products imported from abroad and sold.
18. Grading, packing and transportation of the produce: Grading of different plants are
done based on the type of variety, seed used, etc. Different grade of plants were
available according to the need of the customer. Highly skilled workers were used for
the packing of material as the goods were dispatched by roads mainly. Packing is done
either in plastic packages or in paper packages. For transportation within the state, trucks
were used for dispatching. In case of dispatching to other countries, goods are delivered
through air mode of transport also.
19. Annual turnover: the nursery receives an annual turnover of about Rs.13-15 crores.
20. SWOT Analysis: Strength- Highly experienced and skilled labour
Weakness- High maintenance cost, damage during transportation
Opportunity- Area is considered as a nursery hub and a lot of scope to
export goods in other countries
Threat- Elephant attack, interrupted electricity facility
21. Problem faced during lockdown and management: Due to strict restrictions workers
were not enough in the nursery therefore maintain the plants were difficult. Also due to
fewer sales during the pandemic the nursery had undergone loss. However they took the
situation positively and managed the losses by applying different marketing strategies.
22. Miscellaneous: The nursery is trying to setup a tissue culture laboratory, they are
planning for seed breeding in collaboration with experts from Laos but it was delayed
due to lockdown. Moreover, they were planning to start a diploma course for developing
skilled labourers in the state. They are also planning to establish an Agriculture college
since establishment of ‘Daffodil College of Horticulture’ was a success

C. Interview No.3
1. Name of the Industry: Sigma Spice Industries Pvt. Lmtd.

2. Ownership: the Directors

 Mr. Shankar Prasad Kalwar

 Mr. Gautam Ghosh
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  Mr. Brijmohan Sharma

3. Address: Malpani Complex, Kenduguri, Jorhat - 785010, Assam

4. Duration of study: 1 hour

5. About and History of Sigma Spice Industries Pvt. Limited.:

The industry was set up in the year 1993 under partnership between Mr. Shankar Prasad
Kalwar, Mr. Gautam Ghosh and Mr. Brijmohan Sharma. It started as a small scale industry
with only 5 workers but now has over 250 -300 workers working under them. The industry
deals with grinding, blending and marketing of spices under the name and style of the product
“EVERYDAY MASALA”. In the beginning, the products under the brand were only turmeric
and chilli powder but now the industry deals with the production of all kinds of spices and
condiments from powdered form to seeds. On April10th,2013 the industry became a Private
Limited company and this let to the launch of another manufacturing unit in Kamrup Rural
Guwahati at Chaigaon in the year 2016.
6. Salient points of discussion with the management: The interaction started with the
various products manufactured by the industry. The products were:
 Powders :Turmeric powder, Chilli powder, Criander Powder, Cumin Powder, Meat
masala, Chicken Masala, Fish Masala.
 Whole products: cumin seeds, coriander seeds, fenugreek, mustard seeds, poppy
seeds, cardamom, clove, black pepper.

7.Observation on different steps of processing: The steps of processing of the products

are:
RAW MATERIALSINSPECTION TEST

CLEANING OF THE MATERIAL LABORATORYTESTING

GRINDING PACKAGING DISPATCHING

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 8. Quality of input: The procurement of raw material is done from various procurement
centres of raw materials along with North East. A few places and the materials
procured from them:
North East: Black pepper and Bay leaf

Tamil Nadu: Turmeric

Kerela: Cloves and Cardamom

Gujrat: Cumin

9.Studies on machineries: Information regarding the various machineries used were

discussed. A few of the machineries were:

 Separator: This machine sorts and separates out the unwanted particles and
grains present.
 Grinder: the raw materials to be powdered are grinded in this machine
 Centrifugal: the products produced from the grinder are sieved through the
centrifugal
 Screw conveyer: this machine fills the products in pouches
 Automatic pouch machine: The products filled in pouches are sealed finally
through this machine.

10. Management: The manager of the firm is responsible for the management. Under the
manager come the supervisers of different activities, then come machine operators and then
come the other workers. These people altogether are responsible for the management of the
firm.
11. Quality control: Quality of the products are supervised and controlled by the Resource
and Development unit along with the laboratory in the industry’s campus.
12. Incentive: Yearly bonuses are provided as a means of encouragement and good will to the
workers.

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13. Value addition: Value addition is done by adding up the costs incurred during the
procurement of raw materials, its transportation along with its production. Tax, Profit margin
and electricity play amajor part in it as well.
14. Dispatching: Different teams of workers are involved in dispatching. The dispatching is
done directly to dealer and whole sellers from where it reaches the retail market.
15. Price fixation: Price fixation is done according to the results of value addition.

The market demand also plays a major role in the fixation of the products price.
16. Grading, packing and transportation of the produce: the grade of all the products are
kept the same and it does not fluctuate with the price of the product. The industry uses
laminated pouches as well as corrugated boxes for the packaging of their products.These
products are then packed in cartoons and BOP bags for dispatch to various dealing agencies.
17. Market management: the marketing team generally takes care of the market management
and comes up with ways to interact with the consumers through their products.
18. Losses during lockdown: The business went under a loss due to the irregualar and
reduced working hours during the lockdown. The transportation and interdistrict lockdown
continues to pose as a threat.
19. How to cope up after lockdown:

The owners believe that instead of being disheartened with the loss faced due to pandemic, it
should be used as a motivation to make a larger demand in the market and come up even
stronger as they survived a threat.
Also, safety of all the workers should be assured which would keep the industry going.
20. Any help from authorities during Lockdown: There was no help from the authorities
during lockdown.
21. SWOT Analysis of the farm:

Strength – Good Quality, A good work force with the products appearance being appealing.
Weakness- the owners believe that the mindset of the consumers acts as a weakness as local
products are not appreciated much.
Opportunity- The scope of expansion of the business acts as an opportunity
Threat- Competition from other companies

22. Annual turnover: 180 crores for the year 2020-21

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CHAPTER 12
LIST OF STUDENTS, KVK
SONITPUR

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List of RAWEP students, KVK Sonitpur

Sl.No. Registration No. Name

1 2017-AJ-01 Aditya Bezbaruah
2 2017-AJ-02 Aiush Pratim Saikia
3 2017-AJ-09 Arlin Sen
4 2017-AJ-18 Barnamala Kalita
5 2017-AJ-19 Bhabna Borah
6 2017-AJ-40 Dipsikha Bonia
7 2017-AJ-42 Dodi Priscilla Perme
8 2017-AJ-54 Jayanti Kharel
9 2017-AJ-55 Jil Boro
10 2017-AJ-72 Mayborn C Wangnao
11 2017-AJ-76 Moasunep
12 2017-AJ-78 Ngawang Namgey
13 2017-AJ-85 Pilano Patton

14 2017-AJ-114 Srishtty Kashyap

15 2017-AJ-145 Preetam Baruah
16 2017-AJ-151 Prapti Saikia
17 2017-AJ-156 Karishma Paswan
18 2017-AJ-159 Arkita Borkotoky

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19 2017-AB-09 Mridusmita Kalita
20 2017-AB-10 Bhaswati Borah
21 2017-AB-17 Partha Pratim Bhardwaj
22 2017-AB-23 Pranjeet Kalita
23 2017-AB-44 Malin Teronpi
24 2017-AB-45 Pritam Phonglo
25 2017-AD-05 Azad Sharif Hussain
26 2017-AD-06 Bhargab Dev Sarmah
27 2017-AD-07 Bipasha Borkotoky
28 2017-AD-13 Mayurakshi Bora
29 2017-AD-17 Mriganko Kakoti
30 2017-AD-19 Nazmin Sultana
31 2017-AD-28 Sudeshna Ray

CHAPTER XIII PHOTOGRAPHIC

EVIDENCES

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PLATE 1: CROP PRODUCTION

Figure 10: Harvesting of Toria in Host Village

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Figure 11: Sowing of Snake beans at Host Farmer’s Field

Figure 12: Sowing of Okra at a Host Farmer’s field

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 Figure 13: Harvesting of Pea

Figure 14: Harvesting OF Potato

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 PLATE II: PLANT PROTECTION

Figure 15: Mustard as a trap crop for cabbage butterfly

Figure 16: Management of Pea Rust explained to the farmer

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Figure 17: Method Demonstration on Pheromone Traps

Figure 18: Removal of pest infested parts in brinjal

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 PLATE III: AGRO ECONOMIC SURVEY

Figure 19: Agro Economic Surevy of Host Framer

Figure 20: Transcent walk with farmers for survey of the village

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Figure 21 : Discussing the problems faced by farmers

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 PLATE IV: EXTENSION PROGRAMME

Figure 22: Village mapping

Figure 23: World Wildlife Day Celebration in Azad Memorial School, Napam

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 Figure 24: Inauguration Of Information Centre, Amolapam

Figure 25: Celebration of International Science Day, KVK, Sonitpur

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Figure 26: Workshop on Potato Varietal Selection, KVK, Sonitpur

Figure 27: Field Testing Of Rice Knowledge Bank, KVK Sonitpur

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 Figure 28: Workshop Cum Horticultural Show, Tezpur

Figure 29: Celebration of National Wildlife Day, KVK Sonitpur

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 Figure 30: International Women’s Day Celebration, KVK Sonitpur

Figure 31: Interview of forest man on occasion of World Forestry Day

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 PLATE V: AGRO INDUSTRY VISIT

Figure 32: Virtual visit to Pabhoi Greens

Figure 33: Intercropping done in the farm

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Figure 34: Tissue Culture lab at Pabhoi Greens

Figure 35: Storage of Seeds

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 Figure 36: Fish cultivation in the farm

Figure 37 : Guest house for the trainees at the farm

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Figure 38: interview with one of the directors of
EVERYDAY MASALA

Figure 39: Interview with Mrs. Rekha Sharma

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 PLATE VI: OTHER ACTIVITIES RELATED TO RAWEP

Figure 40: Method demonstration on Fish cum duck cultivation

Figure 41: Method Demonstration on Biochar Production

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Figure 42: Method Demonstration on air layer of lemon

Figure 43: Method Demonstration on Hydroponics

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PLATE VII: NEWSPAPER CUTTINGS

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 CHAPTER XIV

AUTHENTICATED
CERTIFICATES

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 CHAPTER XV
OTHER DOCUMENTS AND
CD’S

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