3600+ Main Street Product
3600+ Main Street Product
3600+ Main Street Product
Alcatel, the Alcatel logo, MainStreet, and Newbridge are registered trademarks of Alcatel. All other trademarks are the
property of their respective owners.
Disclaimers
Alcatel products are intended for commercial uses. Without the appropriate network design engineering, they must not be
sold, licensed or otherwise distributed for use in any hazardous environments requiring fail-safe performance, such as in
the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems, air traffic control, direct life-support
machines, or weapons systems, in which the failure of products could lead directly to death, personal injury, or severe
physical or environmental damage. The customer hereby agrees that the use, sale, licence or other distribution of the
products for any such application without the prior written consent of Alcatel, shall be at the customer's sole risk. The
customer hereby agrees to defend and hold Alcatel harmless from any claims for loss, cost, damage, expense or liability
that may arise out of or in connection with the use, sale, licence or other distribution of the products in such applications.
This document may contain information regarding the use and installation of non-Alcatel products. Please note that this
information is provided as a courtesy to assist you. While Alcatel tries to ensure that this information accurately reflects
information provided by the supplier, please refer to the materials provided with any non-Alcatel product and contact the
supplier for confirmation. Alcatel assumes no responsibility or liability for incorrect or incomplete information provided
about non-Alcatel products.
Alcatel has made reasonable efforts to ensure that the 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager, Release
8.0, complies in all material respects with the "Referenced Detailed Functional Specification for Newbridge Product Date
Compliance" for all loads. To obtain this document, the Year 2000 Date Compliance status of the other products discussed
in this document, and other information related to Year 2000 Date Compliance, visit the Alcatel Year 2000 Date
Compliance website at the URL:
http://www.newbridge.com/year2000/index.html
However, this does not constitute a representation or warranty. The warranties provided for Alcatel products, if any, are
set forth in contractual documentation entered into by Alcatel and its customers.
This document was originally written in English. If the document you are reading is not in English, please refer to the
English version for a full legally binding description of the product/service.
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RECYCLED PAPER
Preface
This General Information Book describes Release 8.0 (Generic S1118) of the
3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager.
Product overview
Chapters 1 and 2 introduce the features and benefits of the 3600 + MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager, and describe its many value-added
applications. Asummary of major new Release 8.0 features and capabilities is
provided at the end of chapter 1.
A closer view
Chapters 3 through 10 provide detailed information about 3600/3600+ MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager system design, cards, and interfaces.
Management
Chapters 11 and 12 provide detailed information about 3600 + MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager network and node management capabilities.
iii
Preface
Technical specifications
Chapters 13 through 15 provide a convenient reference summary of
3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager system, card, and power
information.
iv
Table of contents
2 Applications.....................................................................23
SONET and SDH switching...........................................................................26
ATM adaptation..............................................................................................28
ISDN bandwidth on demand..........................................................................31
Subrate data applications................................................................................39
Inverse multiplexing.......................................................................................66
Super-rate data: up to 1984 kb/s.....................................................................69
Voice applications...........................................................................................70
Frame relay switching.....................................................................................91
X.25 packet switching.....................................................................................97
v
Preface
4 Connections...................................................................139
Network connections....................................................................................139
External equipment connections..................................................................142
5 System cards.................................................................143
Control card..................................................................................................144
Timing card..................................................................................................145
Test card...............................................................................................................1.46
Test module..................................................................................................146
Common Carrier card...................................................................................146
Control card configurable features...............................................................147
Test card and
Test module configurable features...................................................................150
7 Aggregate cards............................................................165
ATM Services card.......................................................................................167
E1 cards...............................................................................................................1.68
Multiport Aggregate card.............................................................................170
T1 cards...............................................................................................................1.70
TTC2M card.................................................................................................173
V.35 PRI card...............................................................................................174
X.21 PRI and X.21 ESI PRI cards................................................................174
Optical Extension cards................................................................................175
Configurable parameters..............................................................................175
Table of contents
vi
9 Data interface cards and channel units.............................201
DNIC line card.............................................................................................203
2B1Q line card..............................................................................................203
2B1Q channel unit........................................................................................203
27LC2 line card............................................................................................204
27LC3 line card............................................................................................204
28LC line card..............................................................................................204
4WTO channel unit......................................................................................205
DS0-DP channel unit...................................................................................205
BRI S/T card.................................................................................................205
64 kb/s Codirectional card............................................................................206
OCU-DP channel unit..................................................................................206
RS-232 DCC.................................................................................................206
RS-422 DCC.................................................................................................206
V.35 DCC.....................................................................................................207
X.21 DCC.....................................................................................................207
Configurable parameters..............................................................................207
12 Node management............................................................253
Node management sessions..........................................................................253
System serial ports........................................................................................255
Configuration and cross-connections...........................................................255
Database management..................................................................................255
Maintenance and diagnostics........................................................................257
vi
i
Table of
contents
15 Power dissipation..............................................................289
Abbreviation
s Index
viii
Product overview
1
Introduction
Network operators around the world, both carrier and corporate, are faced with
the challenge of keeping their networks in step with the increasing demands of
users in terms of bandwidth, performance, and services offered. A key element is
to be able to efficiently consolidate legacy and new services on a single managed
network, as well as protect the investment in the existing network infrastructure.
3
Product overview
For circuit-switched services, all POTS traffic is directed to the local digital
switch for access to the PSTN. All special services and leased line services are
connected to the 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager for
access to a special service overlay network. For packet-based services, traffic is
directed to an Alcatel 7470 MSP for ATM and frame relay switching.
4
1. Introduction
PBX
T1/E1
3630 MainStreet node
T1/E1
SONET/SDH
inter-office network
Office park or campus Switched services
TDM
services Special
T1/E1 services
T1/E1 3600/3600+ MainStreet
3600 MainStreet node node OC-3/STM-1 SONET/SDH
access ring DCS/ADM ATM services
3600/3600+
MainStreet
node
Remote office
2B1Q
V.35
3600/3600+ MainStreet
Fax node
DTU T1/E1
3600
MainStreet
Video
node
15158
5
Product overview
Built-in By embracing industry standards, 3600/3600+ MainStreet nodes address the public,
intelligence and private, and hybrid network requirements for concurrent circuit, frame relay, and
flexibility X.25 packet switching, for ATM adaptation, and for SONET/SDH multiplexing.
Its software-downloadable resource cards and wide range of WAN, voice, and
data interfaces make it one of the most flexible platforms available on the market
today.
Strict adherence to
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager was developed in
international
standards accordance with recognized industry standards to provide interfaces and services
that comply with diverse international requirements.
To assist in the planning and implementation of your specific services, your local
Alcatel representative can provide detailed compliance information for your
region, as well as access to the full range of the Alcatel international network
services.
For more information about the standards to which the 3600 + MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager conforms, see chapter 13.
Private network
efficiencies with central Enhancements to standards, where implemented, are optional; their use is at the
office services discretion of network designers and operators. Where applicable, enhancements
are designed to work within the boundaries of established communications
standards. For example, HCM provides an 800 b/s resolution for subrate data
while respecting standard, 64 kb/s channelized aggregate timeslot boundaries.
Versatile
service
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system is designed not only to meet initial service
capabilities and requirements, but to expand easily to handle growth in service demands. With a
applications nonblocking information bandwidth capacity of up to 448 Mb/s (narrowband) or
3 155 Mb/s (broadband), the 3600 + MainStreet multiplexer can perform a
variety of high-capacity networking hub and backbone node applications
simultaneously. These applications are:
6
1. Introduction
• inverse
multiplexing
7
Product overview
Choice of switching
technology – circuit or Because the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system provides circuit, frame relay, and
packet X.25 packet switching, network designers can choose the switching technology
that best accommodates the transmission characteristics of each end-to-end
connection.
The low transit delay and constant bit rates provided by circuit switching are ideal
for highly interactive communication such as voice and video conferencing. In
addition, the cost of a dedicated, end-to-end circuit-switched connection is
justified by the steady and high-average bandwidth usage typical of bulk file
transfer applications. The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system provides a fully
nonblocking DS0 DCS. It performs circuit switching between all interface and
resource cards at the DS0 level. For example, the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system
cross-connects voice channels from an LGS card to a T1 or E1 aggregate card.
Because frame relay has dynamic bandwidth allocation and high transmission
rates, it is ideal for bursty, high-speed, and low-average bandwidth usage
applications such as LAN internetworking. Circuit-switched channels and frame
streams can be configured on the same aggregate link.
8
1. Introduction
X.25 packet switching provides reliable data transfer, and port and bandwidth
sharing for access line speeds from 1.2 kb/s to 2 Mb/s. The X.25 FRE and PE
cards provide fully standards-compliant X.25 and X.75 services appropriate for
both public and private networks. To further optimize bandwidth usage in the
network, the MainStreet X.25 Service uses frame relay PVCs as high-speed
backbone trunks between nodes.
The X.25 FRE and PE cards consolidate frame relay and X.25 services on the
same card, providing seamless network and service interworking features, which
simplifies the migration path from X.25 to frame relay and protects hardware
investment.
Software-driven services Node software maintains extensive subrate voice and data applications. These
applications are downloaded to, and run on, DSP cards and modules at the
request of the network operator.
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system supports DSP cards and modules that
provide different levels of processing power so that customers can purchase only
the processing power they need. Also, because DSP cards are application-
independent, they provide the flexibility to change with network requirements.
9
Product overview
SRSis ideal for grooming subrate voice and data circuits prior to their
transmission over the backbone network (for example, when the 3600 +
MainStreet system is configured as a hub to multiple feeder nodes whose
aggregate DS0s are underutilized).
Noncontiguousbandwidth
Further bandwidth efficiency is achieved through Alcatel 5620 NM support
– ideal for rerouting
for noncontiguous, 800 b/s HCM bandwidth elements. This capability greatly
increases the bandwidth available to the Alcatel 5620 NM to route subrate
data channels during normal and fault conditions. Also, super-rate channels
can use noncontiguous aggregate DS0s.
Choice of aggregate
and high-speed
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system provides switching capacity for 448 Mb/s
aggregate interfaces (narrowband) or 3 155 Mb/s (broadband) of full-duplex, nonblocking
information bandwidth. With the availability of up to 16 UCSs, the
3600/3600+ MainStreet system supports any combination of up to 32 T1 and/or
104 E1 interfaces. The switching capacity of the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system
allows for future developments with greater port density.
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system supports the following aggregate and high-
speed aggregate interfaces:
1
0
1. Introduction
• channelized 2.048 Mb/sSingle E1, Dual E1, Dual E1-2, and Octal E1 cards
with CAS, CCS, or 31-channel signaling
These interfaces are recommended for accessing both public network
facilities and CPE, such as digital PBXs and LAN bridges.
• channelized 1.544 Mb/s Single T1, Dual T1, Dual T1-2, Octal T1,
and fractional T1 cards with D4 or ESF framing
These interfaces are recommended for accessing both public network
facilities and CPE, such as digital PBXs, remote channel banks and external
echo cancellation units.
• 4-port, n 48, n 56, n 64 kb/s MPA cards with software-
configurable RS-449/V.36, RS-530-A, V.35, or X.21 interfaces
This multiport card provides end users with a low-cost aggregate interface or
network trunks in areas where T1 or E1 links are unavailable.
• single- and dual-port Optical Extension cards with IOTUs for converting
2.048 Mb/s E1 electrical signals to optical signals
These interfaces are used to extend transmission links beyond distances
supported by current copper technology.
• channelized 2.048 Mb/s TTC2M cards, which provide a CMI interface to PBXs
• V.35 PRI, X.21, or X.21 ESI cards for 56 and n 64 kb/s links
between multiplexers over private or leased lines
These interfaces support n 56 kb/s and n 64 kb/s super-rate channels, and
D4 or CAS voice signaling codes.
For example, the RS-422 DCC provides four full-duplex interfaces, each
independently configurable as either RS-530-A, RS-449/V.36, X.21, or V.35.
This allows a single DCC to serve diverse data interfaces simply through
software configuration.
The RS-422 DCC is complemented by the UDP, which can be provisioned with
any combination of up to four DCE or DTE (or a combination of both) RS-530-
A, RS-449/V.36, X.21, or V.35 interface modules. Interface modules provide
the appropriate connector for each interface type supported by the RS-422 DCC.
For more information about the UDP, see chapter 3.
11
Product overview
• the 2-wire 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU, with the 28LC line card, provides
n 64 kb/s (up to 1 Mb/s) service over a single twisted-pair loop
• the 4-wire 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU, with the 28LC line card, provides
n 128 kb/s (up to 2 Mb/s) service over a double twisted-pair loop
Both versions provide one remote DCE port and support V.35, V.36/RS-449, or
X.21 interfaces.
1
2
1. Introduction
The DTU can be collocated with desktop equipment that is physically remote
from the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system. The maximum loop length supported
depends on variations in cable characteristics and impedance, the presence of
bridge taps, impulse noise, electrical noise, and crosstalk. For example, the 2-
wire version of the 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU supports a loop length of up to
4.0 km (2.5 mi) using 26 AWG cable with a data rate of 256 kb/s. The 4-wire
version supports a data rate of 512 kb/s over the same distance.
Analog voice interfaces Analog voice interfaces allow analog telephone CO exchanges, PBXs, and
telephone sets to connect to the 3600 + MainStreet system. Six different analog
voice interfaces are supported:
• LGS, which connects the network directly to either a PBX or telephone set
• LGE, which connects the network directly to a telephone CO exchange or PBX
• E&M, the popular, short-distance private-wire circuit used to connect
switching systems (for example, PBXs) to each other over T1 or E1
facilities
• MRD, which provides an on- or off-premises, single-circuit, 2-wire
terminal interface
• 4WTO, which is commonly used in analog cellular networks to
provide on-premises, 4-wire applications for which there is no
requirement for signaling
• 4WDX, a 4-wire transmission line interface that provides bidirectional on-
or off-hook signaling, and is used to interface with equipment that converts
DX signaling to E&M signaling
Central office
Channel units, the Common Carrier and Test cards, and the Test module have
compliant and
international voice been specifically designed to meet public telephone company requirements.
frequency channel
units The following channel units are available:
• LGS
• LGE
• E&M
• MRD and 2WMRD
• 4WTO
• 2B1Q
• OCU-DP
• DS0-DP
• 4WDX
13
Product overview
The Test card provides metallic test access, and the optional Test module
provides analog and digital test access to any channel unit, and 64 kb/s digital
access to the OCU-DP channel unit. Test configurations are controlled by
software and include direct and high-impedance monitor, split access, 4-wire
loopback, and integral BERT.
1
4
1. Introduction
be used to
initiate a node
management
session with
the Control,
frame relay,
X.25 and call
processing
cards through
a built-in
NMTI.
15
Product overview
Communications The Control card manages the following communications functions for the
3600/3600+ MainStreet system:
See chapter 3 for information about CPSS, and SONET and SDH data
communications channels.
Software upgrading
and downloadable The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system features fully upgradeable system software.
software-based The Control card and some application cards can be easily upgraded to exploit the
applications latest system software release simply by downloading the software remotely from
the Alcatel 5620 NM.
Certain cards (such as the ATM Services, frame relay, X.25, and call processing
cards as well as some digital signal processing cards) support software
upgrading. This feature greatly simplifies system upgrades by allowing new
versions of card software to be downloaded locally to a card using the Alcatel
5521 EM or Craft Interface.
Within the node, DSP card and DPM applications are software-downloadable
from the common control DSP application library. This allows a single DSP
or DPM to serve different applications at different times.
Centralized network
management The centralized approach to network management reduces internode control
overhead on the network. Connection management functions are handled by the
5620 NM using a state of the art standard processor.
1
6
1. Introduction
Energy-efficient design The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system requires less power than comparable
products from other vendors. A fully loaded 3600/3600+ MainStreet system
requires only 300 W to operate, reducing power and heat dissipation problems.
Aseparate, dedicated UPS is seldom required because the low power
requirement of the 3600 + MainStreet system allows it to tie into existing PBX or
computer power backup systems.
Hot standby protection All 3600/3600+ MainStreet shelves support redundant control complex and
load-sharing power supplies for hot standby capability that automatically
switches to the backup cards and power supplies when a fault is detected. All
redundant cards and power supplies can be independently installed and removed
without interrupting service. In addition, the Single 2.048 Mb/s E1, Octal E1,
Single 1.544 Mb/s T1, X.21 PRI, and V.35 PRI aggregate cards, and the high-
speed aggregate cards, can be configured for one-to-one card redundancy.
If the node becomes isolated from the network manager, it continues to function
as programmed. To reduce the likelihood of node isolation, redundant and
remote Alcatel 5620 NM configurations are supported. In addition, CPSS is
designed to reroute around link failures, and can be configured to use backup
modem links.
17
Product overview
Alternate path routing End-to-end circuit paths can be protected by an alternate route should the
preferred route become unavailable. The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system
supports the following types of path protection:
Timing sources The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system can be programmed to derive system timing
from a variety of sources:
For more information about timing and synchronization, see “Node and network
synchronization” in chapter 3.
Easy-access A suite of system maintenance features provides network operators with easy
maintenance access to status information and diagnostic tests.
features
Dual maintenance ports The Control and DCP cards are equipped with dual V.24/RS-232 maintenance
ports for connection to network management products or the NMTI. These ports
can be configured for direct local access or for modem access. In control-
redundant configurations, the currently inactive Control card ports are disabled to
allow Y-cabling and ensure communications with the active Control card. The
frame relay, X.25, and call processing cards also provide V.24/RS-232
maintenance ports.
1
8
1. Introduction
Automatic and
directed diagnostics
Startup diagnostics, which provide program integrity, memory, and equipment
configuration checks, are run automatically during system initialization. During
regular operation, the system can be configured to run background diagnostics
on a cyclical basis, and the system operator can activate diagnostics selectively
(including analog and digital loopbacks). If a voice circuit (or an aggregate
channel cross-connected to a voice circuit) is required for a call while a test is in
progress, the test on that circuit is aborted.
Digital connection
maintenance Digital connection maintenance allows access to the data paths through the
central switching matrix of the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system, so that you can
verify and change data and signaling carried between two connected target
circuits.
• monitor maintenance
• split-through and split-back maintenance
• terminate and leave maintenance
For more information about digital connection maintenance, see chapter 12.
Metallic test connections provide direct metallic access to tip and ring pairs from
the faceplate of the Test card. The Test card supports these metallic test
connections:
• direct monitor
• high-impedance monitor
• split access
• 4-wire loopback
For more information about digital and metallic split and monitor test access, see
chapter 12.
19
Product overview
Continuous
alarm The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system is continuously monitored for abnormal
monitoring conditions and significant events. The Control cards monitor events and
conditions for the system components, as well as for the system, interface, and
application cards. The frame relay and X.25 cards monitor local events and
conditions on the card, and maintain card-specific alarm queues. The types of
alarm notification that may be raised by the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system are:
• configuration alarms
• equipment faults
• loss of aggregate link signaling or framing alignments
• external alarm activities (tail circuit status)
• synchronization timing source changes
• external contact closures (alarm panel)
• startup diagnostic errors
Alarm messages in both modes can be viewed, acknowledged, and deleted using
an Alcatel 5620 NM or the NMTI. All queues hold up to 1000 alarms, except for
the frame relay and X.25 card alarm queues, which hold up to 256 alarms.
Queues can be configured to discard new alarms when the queue is full, or to
overwrite the oldest alarms.
Standard mode
Standard mode supports two types of trouble and event notification:
• alarms
• diagnostic notifications
Alarms indicate conditions that have an immediate or potential impact on the
operation of the node. Alarms require technical attention; the severity of the
alarm dictates the level of attention required.
2
0
1. Introduction
TEP-1(E) mode
In TEP-1(E) mode, each alarm may be categorized by the operator as either
prompt, deferred, or in station. Once categorized, alarm messages are recorded in
the corresponding alarm queue. All alarms are identified by the date and time, a
unique number, and a message describing the alarm. Alarms can also be
categorized as none (meaning alarm occurrences are ignored and no information
is logged).
Remote or local
alarm logging Alarms can be logged locally to a printer, the NMTI, or a network management
product directly connected to the node. Alarms can also be logged remotely to
the network operations center using either CPSS or a modem link to transport
alarm information.
Flexible external
alarm support The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system supports extensive external alarm
capabilities, such as:
• blower unit, power supply, and ringing generator failure alarm inputs
• user-configurable external alarm names
• major and minor visual and audio external alarm outputs
21
Product overview
Shelf options There are two variants of the 3600/3600+ MainStreet shelf: a 19-inch shelf and a
23-inch shelf. The shelves arecompact in design: the 19-inch shelf measures 78
cm (31.5 in.) high, 47.8 cm (19 in.) wide, and 24.5 cm (9.5 in.) deep; and the 23-
inch shelf measures 62.2 cm (24.5 in.) high, 58.5 cm (23 in.) wide, and 30.8
(12.1 in.) deep. The 19-inch shelf fits directly into standard 19-inch racks or into
23-inch racks using extender brackets.
Major new release This section summarizes the major new features and enhancements that are
8.0 features supported in Release 8.0.
Memory module 2
The Memory module 2 is introduced for use with Release 8.0 generics onward. The
Memory module 2 contains 8 Mb of Flash and 16 Mb of DRAM.
Aggregate features Release 8.0 introduces the HSA DS3 card, the Octal T1 card, and 32-port
versions of the TU-12 mapper card and VT-1.5 mapper card.
Octal T1 card
The Octal T1 card accesses both fractional and full T1 network services and CPE
such as digital PBXs and remote channel units. It provides eight T1 interfaces
and is available with a DSX-1 termination.
2
2
1. Introduction
For more information about the HSA DS3 card, see chapter 6. For more
information about the Octal T1 card, and about the 32-port TU-12 mapper card
and the 32-port VT-1.5 mapper card, see chapter 7.
Data features Release 8.0 introduces the 27LC3 line card and DPM3 module, support for a 4-
wire 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU, the 2752 MainStreet DTU, and new
functionality for the 2751 and 2753 MainStreet DTUs.
The DPM3 module is supported with th e 27LC3 line card, providing subrate
multiplexing for all 12 ports. The DPM3 supports only HCM in this release.
For more information about the 27LC3 line card, see chapter 9.
For more information on the 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU, see chapters 3 and 9.
Enhanced functionality for the 2751 and 2753 MainStreet series DTUs includes
data port redundancy support, visual indicators, OOS lead handling, integral
BERT, built-in self tests and reporting, and n 64 kb/s super-rate data interface
speed.
For more information about these DTUs, refer to chapter 9 and to the
2600/2700/2800 MainStreet Family Data Termination Units (DTUs) data sheet.
23
Product overview
Management and
configuration features
Release 8.0 improves control redundancy by introducing failure switching as an
alternative to demerit switching (supported in earlier releases).
Failure switching determines the system health based on the severity of failures
that occur on each control complex. The control complex with the most severe
failure is the inactive complex. An activity switch occurs when the active
complex develops a problem that is more severe than any problem on the inactive
complex, even if the inactive complex has several minor problems.
Other features Release 8.0 introduces an enhanced version of the external ringing generator.
The enhanced external ringing generator assembly provides:
For more information about the external ringing generator, see chapter3.
2
4
2
Applications
This chapter describes the wide range of value-added applications supported by the
3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager, including:
23
Product overview
• high-speed aggregates
• multipurpose, software-downloadable application cards and modules, such
as the IMC, DSP card, and the DPM
• hardware-optimized, application-specific cards and modules, such as the
FRS, FRE, X.25 FRE, and PE cards, and the VCM3 and CCM
• system software Generic 1118, which resides on the Control card
Table 2-1 lists the applications supported by the 3600 + MainStreet system and the
specific resources they require.
24
2. Applications
ADPCM with G3
fax
✓
✓
CS-A-CELP(G.729 and
G.729A)
CS-LD-CELP ✓
(G.728)
Bulk HCV ✓ ✓
HCV ✓
HCV and G3 fax ✓
Super-tandem ✓ ✓ ✓
operation
VoFR ✓ ✓
Echo cancellation ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Voice conference ✓
bridging
PCM companding ✓
conversion
G3 fax ✓
V.32 bis modem ✓
relay
25
Product overview
SONET and SONET and SDH are standards for signaling in fiber optic networks in
SDH North America and Europe, respectively. The SONET and SDH standards define
switching the format, optical line rate, wavelength, power levels, pulse shape, and coding
for optical networks. The creation of these standards ensures a long-term
solution for inter-vendor development of interfaces that allow the transport of
existing digital services over fiber optic networks. The 3600/3600+ MainStreet
system supports the OC-3 SONET level through the OC-3 card, and the STM-1
SDH level through the
STM-1 card.
The flexibility of the SONET and SDH frame formats allows for efficient
mapping of network services into payload envelopes. On the 3600 + MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager, the mapping function is provided by the TU-
12 Mapper and VT-1.5 Mapper cards.
TU-12 Mapper cards have TU-12 broadband circuits and VT-1.5 Mapper cards
have VT-1.5 broadband circuits. Each Mapper card has a fixed broadband
circuit-to narrowband port connection. When Mapper card broadband circuits
are connected to broadband circuits on OC-3 or STM-1 cards, the Mapper cards
transmit narrowband DS0-based data and voice from circuits connected to the
narrowband port to a SONET or SDH network.
26
2. Applications
High-density time-division
multiplexing The 3600/3600+ MainStreet shelf can be set up to support time-division
multiplexing. The basic shelf configuration provides access to 8 UCSs; if a
Narrowband module is installed on the Control card, access to 16 UCSs is
provided. In this application, no HSA cards are installed; therefore, no SONET or
SDH functionality is supported.
Linear add/drop
multiplexing and For this application, a series of 3600/3600+ MainStreet shelves are set up to
signal termination support the adding and dropping of data in a linear network. The shelves at
either end of the linear network provide signal termination. HSA cards can be
used in these applications, providing SONET or SDH functionality. Traffic
protection is supported on a link level.
Figure 2-1 shows an example of how 3600/3600+ MainStreet shelves are used in
linear add/drop multiplexing and signal termination applications.
3600/3600+ MainStreet3600/3600+
node MainStreet 3600/3600+ MainStreet
Narrowband and broadband signal
node termination
node
Narrowband and broadband signal termination
9770
Ring multiplexing The ring topology consists of a minimum of three 3600 + MainStreet shelves.
The advantages of ring multiplexing include support for linear add/drop
multiplexing and signal termination applications, and traffic protection at the
circuit level which allows for quick recovery of service in the event of a failure.
Figure 2-2 shows an example of how 3600/3600+ MainStreet shelves are set up in a
ring.
27
Product overview
3600/3600+
MainStreet
node
Corporate
PBX 3600/3600+ 3600/3600+ 3600/3600+ 3600/3600+
MainStreet MainStreet MainStreet MainStreet
node node node node
Linear add/drop
SONET or
SDH UPSR
3600/3600+
MainStreet
node
POTS
Public
network
9771
ATM adaptation This section describes the ATM adaptation methods supported on the ATM
Services cards, and how bandwidth is distributed to support these
adaptation methods.
Adaptation methods Two adaptation methods are supported on the ATM Services cards: AAL1
which provides circuit emulation service, and AAL5 which provides HDLC
service.
The circuit emulation service formats data and signaling for n 64 kb/s circuits
into constant bit rate AAL1 cells for transport over an ATM network. Circuit
emulation service can be applied to traffic from voice, data, aggregate and DSP
circuits, and frame relay packets.
The HDLC service formats HDLC and frame relay packets into variable or
unspecified bit rate AAL5 cells for transport over an ATM network. HDLC
service can be applied to traffic from data, aggregate and DSP circuits, and frame
relay packets.
The ATM Services card supports service and network interworking modes.
Service interworking mode translates frame relay into ATM for transport across
28
2. Applications
an ATM network to ATM devices. Network interworking mode transports frame
relay across an ATM network to another frame relay network.
29
Product overview
PSTN 4WTO
E&M/LGS
Alcatel 5620 Network Manager Subrate (DDS, X.50)
n x 56/64 kb/s V.35/X.21
ISDN T1/E1
ATM
infrastructure n x T1/E1 ATM
Internet
X.25
15159
30
2. Applications
Each T1 port provides 1.5 Mb/s of network bandwidth, for a total of 6 Mb/s;
each E1 port provides 2 Mb/s of network bandwidth, for a total of 8 Mb/s. The
IMA module provides a logical port for an IMA group, which can be composed
of up to four T1 or E1 physical ports and their associated links. The effective
network bandwidth for the IMA port is approximately n 1.5 Mb/s (T1) or n 2
Mb/s (E1), where n is the number of ports in the IMA group. The values are
approximate as IMA overhead must be factored into the total bandwidth.
Transport entities
The ATM Services card uses bandwidth to support:
• ASC circuits
An ASC circuit represents 64 kb/s of TDM bandwidth on the system
backplane. ASC circuits, which are organized into ASC circuit groups, act as
intermediate points between the TDM and ATM sides of the ATM Services
card. On the TDM side, the circuits cross-connect through the Control card
switching matrix to 64 kb/s circuits on other UCS cards. On the ATM side,
the circuits are assigned VC parameters to define an AAL1 VC, or are
assigned to a frame stream circuit that connects to an AAL5 VC.
The 4 Mb/s ATM Services card provides 60 ASC circuits, organized into
two circuit groups with 30 circuits per group.
The 16 Mb/s ATM Services card provides 248 ASC circuits, organized into
eight circuit groups with 31 ASC circuits per group. The four physical ports
and ATM overhead limit the number of usable ASC circuits to a maximum
of 104 E1 or 84 T1 circuits.
• frame stream circuits
A frame stream on the ATM Services card specifies the bandwidth over
which HDLC-formatted connections operate. HDLC-formatted traffic
includes frames configured for transparent HDLC applications or frame relay
HDLC applications. A frame stream circuit is the entity used to configure and
connect a frame stream. Frame streams are specified by frame stream circuit
identifiers.
The 4 Mb/s ATM Services card supports 44 FSCs, providing 2816
kb/s (44 64 kb/s), providing a combined bandwidth of up to 2816
kb/s for
HDLC-formatted traffic. An individual stream carries up to 1920 kb/s. Future
developments on the AAL1/5 variant include support for 62 FSCs.
31
Product overview
The 16 Mb/s ATM Services card supports 44 FSCs, providing 2816 kb/s
(44 64 kb/s), providing a combined bandwidth of up to 2816 kb/s for
HDLC-formatted traffic. An individual stream carries up to 1984 kb/s. Future
developments on the AAL1/5 variant include support for 62 FSCs.
• DLCs
An FSC configured for frame relay interworking can support up to 250
DLCs; however, the 4 Mb/s and 16 Mb/s ATM Services cards support a
total of 1024 DLCs. Each FSC configured for transparent HDLC traffic
counts as one DLC toward the 1024 DLCs per card limit.
• VPs
The ATM Services card supports 32 VPs per port (E1, T1, and IMA), with a
VPI range of 0 to 31 and a VCI range of 32 to 65535 (per VP).
• PVCs
A PVC connects a backplane circuit to a VC on an ATM link. VCs
carrying AAL5-adapted traffic require frame relay-to-ATM PVC
configuration. VCs carrying AAL1-adapted traffic require AAL1 PVC
configuration.
ISDN bandwidth ISDN in 3600/3600+ MainStreet systems provides customers with an alternate
on demand transport facility for leased-line applications. For example, customers can use
ISDN bandwidth to address the backup and disaster recovery requirements of
their leased-line network; service providers can offer ISDN access to their
managed bandwidth services networks (see Figures 2-4 and 2-5).
Remote CPE
3600/3600+
MainStreet node
3600/3600+
MainStreet 3600/3600+
T1/E1 node MainStreet node
ISDN
Multiservice backbone network
3600/3600+
MainStreet
node 11238
32
2. Applications
Remote
CPE
3600/3600
+
MainStreet
node 3600/3
600+ 3600/3600
T1/E1 MainStreet +
ISDN MainStreet
node
node
Multiservice backbone
network
T1/E1 ISDN
ISDN as an access facility
to multiservices backbone network:
branch office, telecommuter connectivity T1/E1
remote learning, telemedicine
3600/3600
+
ISDN as an adjunct to leased lines within the
MainStreet
multiservices backbone network: rapid node
deployment of interim
and overflow services
leased versus switched tariff optimization
flexible leased-line backup and
disaster recovery solutions 3600/3600+
MainStreet
node 11237
• ISDN access
• ISDN channel search
• ISDN protocol tracing and status message monitoring
• ISDN transport
ISDN access ISDN leased-line backup is supported on the CPC and can be used to back up
two, twenty-three or thirty 64 kb/s Bchannels, depending on whether the
interface is basic rate, T1 primary rate, or E1 primary rate.
33
Product overview
When a failure is detected at one endpoint node, the node immediately switches
the leased-line circuits to a BRI or PRI with the appropriate preprogrammed
dialling information. You can program a variable delay setting to prevent
simultaneous dialling by both endpoints, which may result in a glare situation.
When it answers an incoming ISDN call, the node disconnects the specified
channel from its preferred path and connects it to the B channel specified by the
network. One end node can be programmed for answer-only mode.
Node A Node B
Backup Backup
PSTN
Super-rate connections can also be backed up with ISDN. Some ISDNs support
n 64 kb/s connections or specific speeds, such as 384 kb/s (H0); for networks
that do not, the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system provides inverse multiplexing
capability (for more information, see “Inverse multiplexing” in this chapter).
34
2. Applications
Figure 2-7 shows the connections required in the 3600 + MainStreet system for
the ISDN leased-line backup application. The D channel for each interface used
for ISDN signaling must be connected to an HDLC circuit on the CPC through
the switching matrix. Up to 31 D channels can be connected to each CPC. The
B channels are not connected until the need for backup occurs, or a preferred
connection is programmed.
D channel
2B
ISDN backup is ideal for providing sporadic backup for leased lines because it is
tariffed on a usage-only basis. ISDN backup can be used in situations where
there is not enough leased-line bandwidth available. You can set up a link for a
few hours in an overflow situation, or for several weeks until more leased lines
can be installed.
ISDN channel search ISDN channel search allows multiple circuits within an ISDN interface to have
the same directory number. The channel search facility is ideal for applications
in which many, short-duration calls are made to the same number (for example,
credit card authorization and 1-800 services).
Circuits with the same directory number are part of the same hunt group. When
a call is received, the node searches thegroup that contains the specified number,
and connects the incoming B channel to the first available circuit.
As with ISDN backup, the D channel for each BRI interface must be connected
to an HDLC circuit on the CPC. However, each circuit connection does not have
to contain a unique directory number.
Layer 2 and Layer 3 messages currently stored in the trace buffer can be
viewed using short or detailed formats. Layer 2 trace status information of the
circuit or group of circuits specified can also be viewed.
35
Product overview
ISDN transport There are two ISDN transport applications: ISDN leased lines and ISDN loop
extension. Both the leased-line and loop extension applications are supported on
the BRI S/T card; loop extension is supported on the 2B1Q channel unit.
Leased lines
This application allows CPE to be connected to the 3600 + MainStreet
Multiservice Bandwidth Manager through a BRI or PRI. The B channels and D
channels are treated as regular 16 kb/s, 64 kb/s or n 64 kb/s connections. On
the network side, the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system can use the BRI S/T card
for leased-line connectivity in countries such as Germany and Japan where the
Sofv and I interface, respectively, are so prevalent.
B1 B2 D
Front end processor
or mainframe 4 kb/s
CPSS
Voice 1
Voice 2
Voice 3
Voice 4
Voice 5
Voice 6
9.6 kb/s
D
and 2 x
D1
D2
9.6 kb/s 9.6 kb/s X.21
X.21
ISDN
PBX
2B+D
2B+D BRI BRI 2B+D leased
S/T S/T line network
3600/3600+
MainStreet
node
11224
In Figure 2-9, at either end of the loop extension, a BRI S/T card provides the
2B+D interface. At the customer premises, the BRI S/T card operates in NT
mode. At the network end, it operates in TE mode.
36
2. Applications
Figure 2-9: ISDN loop extension with the BRI S/T card
3600/3600+
MainStreet 3600/3600+
node MainStreet
node
ISDN Non-ISDN
device digital facility E1 BRI
TE BRI S/T ISDN
E1 NT1 network
2B+D S/T 2B+D
format format
(NT) (TE)
B1 B2 1 1 0 0 1D 1
3DS0 format
11225
The loop extension scheme on the BRI S/T card uses three DS0 channels on a
DS1 interface to transport the basic rate traffic between the two 3600 +
MainStreet nodes. One DS0 is used for each B channel and the third DS0 carries
a D channel containing signaling. In Figure 2-9, an ISDN device gains access to
a remote ISDN network using 3DS0 transport over an E1 link. If the application
needs delay equalization, the B1, B2, and D channels can be configured as a
super-rate group; otherwise, each channel can be connected individually.
In Figure 2-10, at either end of the loop extension, a LUNT and LULT provide
the termination for the U-interface. The LULT and LUNT are very similar to an
LT and NT (respectively), but have slight differences that make them suitable for
loop extensions. In 3600/3600+ MainStreet systems, the 2B1Q channel unit acts
as a LUNT or LULT.
Figure 2-10: ISDN loop extension with the 2B1Q channel unit
Basic rate
2B1Q CU 2B1Q CU
U reference
soft-configured soft-configured
point as defined by
for LUNT mode for LULT mode
ANSI T1.604 - 1992
15160
37
Product overview
Figure 2-11 shows a typical 3DS0 loop extension application. In this example,
the U-interface- compatible device gains access to a remote ISDN network using
3DS0 transport over a T1 link. The B1, B2, and D+ channels are treated as parts
of one 192 kb/s super-rate circuit connected to the T1 card.
Figure 2-11: 3DS0 ISDN loop extension with the 2B1Q channel unit
3600/3600+ MainStreet
3600/3600+
NT node MainStreet
node
ISDN
U-interface computer ISDN
network
Another transmission scheme, specified in ITU-T Q.512, carries the data stream
for two U-interfaces on five DS0 channels of a digital facility. Four DS0s
correspond to the Bchannels from both interfaces. Two 32 kb/s D+CV channels,
which consist of D channel bits and overhead bits, are multiplexed onto a fifth
DS0.
Figure 2-12 shows a typical 5DS0 loop extension application. In this example,
two U-interface-compatible devices use 5DS0 transport over a T1 link to access
a remote ISDN network. An SRM multiplexes two D+CV channels into one
DS0. The B1 and B2 channels are connected to the T1 link directly as parts of
one
128 kb/s super-rate circuit.
38
2. Applications
ISDN
U-interface
telephone
3600/3600+ MainStreet node 3600/3600+ MainStreet node
U
2B1Q CU
interface U
B12 B22 LUNT
interface LT
LULT B12 B22
ISDN
U-interface
computer
39
Product overview
Subrate data T1 and E1 specifications define framing structures based on the 64 kb/s channels
applications required for digitizing one voice call. Data devices often operate at rates well
below 64 kb/s, rates that T1 and E1 framing were not specifically designed to
support.
Consequently, data formats have been developed that rate-adapt subrate data onto
64 kb/s channels.
• rate adaption
Rate adaption applies a particular data format to a subrate circuit for
transmission on a 64 kb/s T1 or E1 channel.
• MDDBs and MJUs
MDDBs and MJUs allow several subrate circuits to use the same
transmission bandwidth on the assumption that only one circuit will use the
shared bandwidth at any one time (typical of mainframe computer to
multiterminal communication networks).
• subrate multiplexing
SRMs combine several discrete subrate circuits onto the same 64 kb/s T1 or E1
channel.
• subrate switching
SRSs allow network operators to switch (groom) subrate circuits on aggregate
DS0 channels.
40
2. Applications
Dataphone Digital Service DDS is an all-digital data transmission service. It provides full-duplex
point-to-point and multipoint data transmission for subrate data circuits.
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system supports DDS access over OCU-DP channel
units, DNIC and 2B1Q line cards or 2B1Q channel unit-attached DTUs, and
X.21, V.35, and V.24/RS-232 DCCs.
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system supports DS0-A, DS0-B, and MJU devices
for both DDS and DDS-compatible services and provides the following user-
programmable DDS resources:
There are three possible configurations for DDS access on the 3600/3600+
MainStreet system: traditional, CSSNA, and local (T1) access. Figure 2-13
shows the DDS access configurations, and Figure 2-14 shows DDS subrate DS0
frame structures.
41
Product overview
MJU
SRM
DDS
DS network
DT U/ DS0-A T1
4-wire OCU-DP
CS ca
conditioned
Traditional loop DS0-B rd
access Carrier card SRM
Central office
3600/3600+ MainStreet
node
Customer premises
MJU
SRM
DT 2B1Q
CSSNA li DDS
2700 DS0-B
access ne T1 network
MainStre SRM
DT et series ca ca
2-wire rd
twisted pair rd
loop (24 AWG)
7.2 km (4.5 mi) DS0-A
SRM
Central office
3600/3600+ MainStreet
node
Customer premises
MJU
SRM
DNIC
2600
2700 li DDS
ne DS0-B network
MainStre T1
ca SRM
et series 2-wire ca
DT rd rd
twisted pair
Local loop (24 AWG)
access 3.3 km (2.1 mi) DS0-A
SRM
10850
42
2. Applications
• Framing bit
• Standard CSU-to-CSU
• User data for 56 MSB LSB
8- bit DS0 communication channel
and 64 kb/s
• DDS secondary channel, plus:
operation
- end-to-end control lead propagation
- continuity checking
• Primary channel • Switched 56 signaling channel
- user data • User data for 64 kb/s operation
- inband
maintenance
codes
Frame
2.4 kb/s 4.8 kb/s 9.6 kb/s 19.2 kb/s 56 or 64 kb/s
1 1
2 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 1
5 6 7 8 3 4 2 2
3
9 10 11 12 5 6 3 3
4
13 14 15 16 7 8 4 4
5 17 18 19 20 9 10 5 5
5 frames,
20 channels 5 frames, 5 frames, 5 frames, 1 frame,
10 channels 5 channels 1 channel 1 channel
DS0-A:
• user data repeated in DS0-A: DS0-A: DS0-A: DS0-A:
all 20 cells • user data repeated in • user data repeated in BCH (17,9) OFF • 56 kb/s operation:
• majority vote 12/20 all 10 cells all 5 cells • user data divided user data occupies
DS0-B: • majority vote 6/10 • majority vote 3/5 between cells framing bit plus
• each cell (numbers DS0-B: DS0-B: 2 and 3 primary channel bits
1 to 20) • each cell (numbers • each cell (numbers • pad characters (7 bits total)
represents a separate 1 to 10) represents 1 to 5) represents a elsewhere • 64 kb/s operation:
2.4 kb/s channel a separate 4.8 kb/s separate 9.6 kb/s DS0-A_EC (using the OCU-DP
channel channel • user data divided channel unit) user
between cells data occupies
1 and 2 framing bit, primary
• BCH code in cells 3 channel bits, and
and 4 secondary channel
• framing in cell 5 bit (8 bits total)
DS0-B: • BCH (17, 9) code in
• each cell second DS0
(numbers 1 to 5)
represents a separate
9.6 kb/s channel
• 19.2 fits onto 2 and 3
and/or 4 and 5
5964
The OCU-DP channel unit rate adapts the local loop signal to form a DS0-A
channel suitable for multiplexing into a single 64 kb/s timeslot on a DS1
(T1) network link or cross-connected to:
43
Product overview
DS0-B and MJU functions are performed by the 3600 + MainStreet system using
SRMs.
The CSSNA approach also enables network management (CPSS) out to the
customer premises, since DTUs are fully software-configurable.
For local (T1) access to the DDS Network, a 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit
and 2600 MainStreet series DTUs can be located on the customer
premises.
• majority vote error correction for 2.4, 4.8, and 9.6 kb/s DS0-A signals and
BCH (17, 9) forward error correction code support for 19.2, 56, and 64
kb/s DS0-A signals
• upstream and downstream control code support (see Figure 2-15)
• network- and operator-generated latching and alternating loopbacks (see
Figure 2-16)
• DS0-A rate adaption for the attached DSU or CSU primary and
secondary channels (see Figure 2-17)
The Common Carrier card provides network bandwidth support for all
configurations, including four OCU-DP channel units configured for 56 kb/s
primary channels with error correction.
44
2. Applications
Figure 2-15: DDS control codes supported by the OCU-DP channel unit
DSU/
CSU OCU- T
DP
1
Upstream Downstream
control codes control codes
IDLE Control Mode Idle (CMI)
Zero code suppression CSU loopback (CSU)
Out of service DSU loopback (DSU)
Out of frame OCU loopback (OCU)
Loopback (customer control) Abnormal Station Code (ASC) Mux
out-of-sync (MOS) Unassigned
Mux Channel (UMC) Test
Test Alert (TA)
MJU Alert (MA)
Loopback Enable (LBE) Far
End Voice (FEV) Transition
In Progress (TIP) Block code
(BLK)
Release code (Rls)
11248
45
Product overview
DT
Alternating Alternating Alternating Loopback
DSU and latching and latching C
loopback CSU OCU (switching shelf)
loopbacks loopbacks
Alternating Loopback
DSU CSU OCU C
loopback (switching shelf)
Alternating
and latching
loopbacks
Notes
1. Upstream DDS Access and Core SRMs pass network-generated loopback commands to the downstream terminating DDS device. Upstream DDS
Access and Core MJU SRMs also pass loopback commands, provided the appropriate MJU Branch Select is invoked.
2. DDS loopbacks are applied on an individual DTU port basis. DSU and CSU loopbacks occur in the DTU’s Rate Adaption Gate Array near the
DTE interface (DSU) and the 2B1Q/DNIC interface (CSU).
3. For DTU and DCC tributary or branch circuits, all DDS Access SRM functions can be used as the terminating DDS device (for example, DDS
Access DS0-B and MJU SRMs include DS0-A rate adaption functionality). Terminating DDS Access DS0-A and MJU SRMs support latching and
alternating OCU, CSU and DSU loopbacks (terminating DDS Access DS0-B SRMs support alternating loopbacks). DDS Access MJU SRMs also
support Branch Select, Branch Block, MJU loopback and Global Release.
4. DDS loopbacks are applied on an individual DCC port basis. DSU and CSU loopbacks occur in the DCC’s Rate Adaption Gate Array near the
DTE interface (DSU) and the backplane interface (CSU).
11249
46
2. Applications
Figure 2-17: Valid tributary and branch channel sources for DDS resources
CSU
2.4
4.8
kb/s 9.6
19.2
Eligible tributary/branch channel sources
56
DTU/DCC (2)
1.2/2.4 (3) 20 10 5 3
4.8 10 5 3
kb/s 9.6 5 3
19.2 2 2
56 1 1
DS0-A (4)
2.4 20 10 5 3 20 10 5 3
4.8 10 5 3 10 5 3
kb/s 9.6 5 3 5 3
19.2 2 2 2 2
56 1 1 1 1
DS0-B (5)
2.4 1 1
4.8 1 1
kb/s 9.6 1 1
19.2 1 1
Secondary (6)
supported trans- trans- trans- trans- trans- trans- trans- trans- trans-
channel parent parent parent parent parent parent parent parent parent
Notes
1. A " " in this column indicates that the tributary/branch channel source can be cross-connected to a DDS-
configured subrate switching application port.
2. Data ports include 2600 and 2700 MainStreet series DTUs, V.24/RS-232 DCC and V.35 DCC.
3. DTU and DCC ports rate adapt 1.2 kb/s to 2.4 kb/s prior to DDS Access DS0-A rate adaption.
4. DS0-A sources include OCU-DP (all speeds), DDS Access DS0-A SRMs (all speeds), DDS Access/Core
MJU SRMs (2.4, 4.8, 9.6 and 56 kb/s), and T1, E1 and PRI timeslots (all speeds). OCU-DP 56 kb/s and
DS0-A signals connected to an SRM should have error correction disabled.
5. DS0-B sources include DDS Access DS0-B SRMs, DDS Core DS0-B SRMs and T1, E1 and PRI timeslots.
6. Secondary channel data from CSU supported by OCU-DP and passed transparently by other devices indicated.
7931
47
Product overview
DDS Access
The DDS Access application uses SRMs to provide a standards-compliant suite
of DS0-A, DS0-B, and MJU functionality. DDS Access is intended for access
applications. For example, it would be used at a 3600/3600+ MainStreet system
configured to groom several data streams from attached 2600 MainStreet series
DTUs and 2700 MainStreet series DTUs for transmission through a DDS
network. DDS Access is also used when the volume of DS0-B or MJU traffic (or
both) is less than the processing capacity of one DSP card (DDS Core is best
suited for
higher-volume DDS traffic).
• majority vote error correction on all incoming 2.4, 4.8, and 9.6 kb/s DS0-
A signals
• BCH error correction on incoming 19.2 kb/s DS0-A formatted connections
• latching loopbacks as described in Bellcore TA-TSY-000077 and
alternating loopbacks (see Figure 2-16)
• support for all DDS maintenance codes
• transmission of CMI when the attached HCM/transparent device is idle
(RTS low)
• optional continuity checking using the secondary channel
• optional end-to-end RTS-to-DCD control lead propagation for DTU and
DCC data interfaces; DCC and DTU interfaces also allow control leads to
be forced high or low
DDS Access DS0-Bfunctionality includes all of the DS0-A features noted above,
as well as:
48
2. Applications
DDS Access MJU functionality includes all of the DS0-A features listed above
as well as:
• antistreaming
• 19.2 kb/s MJU
• Bellcore TA-TSY-000192 Issue 2 MJU compliance for primary channel
• hub ID report as TR-TSY-000476
• latching HL96 and DS0 DP loopbacks processed as an OCU loopback
for directly connected HCM/transparent branch channels (otherwise,
control codes are passed transparently)
• maintenance code support for Branch Select Branch Block/Unblock
MJU loopback MJU antistreaming Global Release (unblock all)
DDS Core
The DDS Core application is an optimized version of DDS Access. DDS Core
supports a fourfold increase in DS0-B and MJU traffic (twelve 9.6 kb/s DS0-B
SRMs for each DSP card versus three for DDSAccess) and lower SRM
propagation delays (only 0.625 ms versus 1.5 ms for DDS Access). DDS Core is
intended for high-volume DS0-B and MJU requirements at hub locations. It
supports DS0-A and DS0-B channels originating from OCU-DP channel units,
the DDS network, and DTU/DCC circuits formatted using DDS Access (see
Figure 2-17).
The DDS Core application uses an entire DSP2 or DSP3 card (see Table 2-3).
49
Product overview
The error threshold is 20%. The time to declare continuity gained from startup
varies from 657 msfor 2.4 kb/s channels to 33 ms for 56 kb/schannels. When a
fault occurs, the time to declare loss of continuity varies from 15 ms for 2.4 kb/s
channels to 0.8 ms for 56 kb/s channels.
Figure 2-18 shows a number of paths for which continuity checking (labeled CC
in the figure) can be applied. The first path is between two DDS Access DS0-
BSRMs (labeled DS0-B II in the figure). The remaining paths pass continuity
checking information transparently through these two SRMs, which can be either
DDS Access or DDS Core SRMs as specified in Figure 2-17.
-1-
DCC
DCC
DTU DTU MJU -4- DS0-ADTU
Master channel
Slave
CC
on path DSP Application:
Terminating SRM DS0-B II SRM
50
2. Applications
ITU-T X.50 X.50 is a subrate data multiplexing scheme used in E1 environments. It specifies
techniques for rate adaption and subrate multiplexing of 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8, 9.6,
and 48 kb/s synchronous data channels.
Support is also provided for 19.2 kb/s channel speeds (point-to-point), A-bit
operation, control lead propagation, bit-aligned framing, multidrop data bridging,
and subrate switching.
Table 2-2 describes the X.50 DSP applications supported on the 3600/3600+
MainStreet system.
51
Product overview
Control lead – –
propagation
Bit-aligned framing –
MDDB (5)
SRS –
Notes
1. 1.2 and 0.6 kb/s channels occupy exactly 1.2 and 0.6 kb/s of bandwidth, respectively.
2. Each 1.2 kb/s channel connected to an X.50 or X.50 Telco Division 3 SRM is rate adapted by the X.50 application into 2.4 kb/s worth of
bandwidth for transport across the network (each 1.2 kb/s channel is made up of 3 data bits repeated as aabbcc to occupy 6 bits of bandwidth).
3. One input for each X.50 SRM can be an X.50 DS0 aggregate.
4. When the X.50 Telco SRM loses synchronization with the incoming signal, it sets the A-bit in the transmit direction. The
3600/3600+ MainStreet system does not raise an alarm.
5. Only MDDBs with channel speeds below 19.2 kb/s are supported.
Both the X.50 and X.50 Telco applications use all DSP resources on DPM2s or
all pairs of DSP resources on DSP2 or DSP3 cards. Propagation delay through
an X.50 or X.50 Telco SRM is 1.5 ms independent of data rate.
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system can access X.50 network services over E1 and 64
kb/s Codirectional (G.703) links. DTE access is provided by applying the X.50 or
X.50 Telco DSP application to the HCM/transparent output of DTUs and DCCs
(see Figure 2-19).
Using 2700 MainStreet series DTUs and 2B1Q cards or 2B1Q channel units,
PTTs can provide flexible network access services over existing 2-wire facilities.
The NMTI and the Alcatel 5620 NM can be used to direct loopbacks on
individual X.50 SRM tributaries and other points in the network.
52
2. Applications
Loopback Loopback
11250
The X.50 aggregate DS0 is divided into five phases as shown in Figure 2-
20.
Depending on the type of X.50 application applied, each phase can be individually
configured to accommodate the subrate channels listed in Table 2-2.
MSB
8- bit DS0 LSB
53
Product overview
The X.50 Telco Division 3 application provides C-to-I lead propagation for X.21
data interfaces and RTS and DCD lead propagation for RS-232 and V.35 data
interfaces when data interface control leads are configured for end-to-end
operation.
The X.50 Telco application supports bit-aligned framing. This means that an
X.50 data stream need not be received from the network in the byte-aligned
order in which it was transmitted. The X.50 Telco application can extract
framing from a data stream that has been skewed (shifted) during transmission.
Multidrop data bridging allows several data devices to communicate with a host
processor using the same bandwidth within an X.50 aggregate (see “Multidrop data
bridging” in this chapter for a complete description of the application).
As shown in Figure 2-21, for X.50 Telco Division 2, back-to-back SRMs can be
configured to provide switching of subrate channels. For clarity, the X.50
five-phase framing structure is shown beside each of the four aggregate
channels, and each subrate channel has been assigned a number (which does not
relate to subframe position). For example, the 1.2 kb/s channel (4) is subrate-
switched between the X.50 aggregate shown in the upper left and the X.50
aggregate frame shown in the lower left.
54
2. Applications
1
2
3
SRM 11
SRM
6
14
12
46 14
8
9
SRM10
13
15
X.50 aggregate DS0 X.50 aggregate DS0
4.8 kb/s 2.4 kb/s 7 8 9 10
5
9.6 kb/s 4.8 kb/s 5
6
9.6 kb/s 1.2 kb/s 12 15
13
2.4 kb/s 9.6 kb/s 13
7 8 9 10
4 14 15 1.2 kb/s
7585
High Capacity
Multiplexing – 98% HCM is a proprietary rate adaption and subrate multiplexing scheme that
bandwidth provides a bandwidth granularity of 800 b/s throughout the network. This
efficiency scheme dramatically improves the efficiency of today's networks, which are
based on
56 and 64 kb/s channel connections. Using HCM, more than 98% bandwidth
utilization can be achieved on aggregate links, while still respecting standard
carrier DS0 channel boundaries.
• rate adaption, using a customized rate adaption gate array located on all
DCCs and DTUs
• multidrop data bridging, using SRMs (located on various cards and
modules, as noted in Table 2-3)
• subrate multiplexing, using SRMs (located on various cards and modules,
as noted in Table 2-3)
• subrate switching, using the subrate switching application on DSP4 cards
55
Product overview
Card or module DCC (1) DPM1 (2) DPM2 (2) DSP (3) DSP2 (3) or
DSP3 (3)
Notes
1. Includes RS-232/V.24 DCC, V.35 DCC, and X.21 DCC. SRM tributary channels service on-card ports.
2. 2B1Q and DNIC line cards provide 23 and 48 backplane DS0s for single and double bandwidth UCSs, respectively. On-card connections do
not use a backplane DS0 channel (for example, connections between DNIC or 2B1Q ports and the card's DPM, or connections between
SRMs located on the same DPM; this is also true for DSP cards).
3. DSP, DSP2, and DSP3 cards provide 26 and 48 backplane DS0s for single and double bandwidth UCSs, respectively. On-card connections
do not use a backplane DS0 channel.
4. Only one composite input can be connected to an SRM. Cascaded SRMs are considered as a single SRM. Connecting a second composite
input disconnects the first.
5. This application uses a pair of DSP resources (m and n for each DSP resource pair).
6. DDS Core is a single DSP resource application but the entire DSP2 or DSP3 card must be configured. A DSP2 or DSP3 card provides
support for up to 12 DS0-B or MJU SRMs and 60 tributary channels. The system backplane supports 26 and 48 DS0s for single and double
bandwidth UCSs respectively (on-card connections do not use a backplane DS0 channel).
7. This application uses a single DSP resource (m and n for each single DSP resource).
8. This category also applies to the DDS application.
9. DSP2 and DSP3 cards support a maximum of 50 aggregate and branch channels.
HCM can be used with aggregate timeslots which provide transport bandwidths
of 64, 56, 48 . . . 8 kb/s. HCM divides this n 8 kb/s frame into 800 b/s
bandwidth elements (for example, a 64 kb/s HCM frame consists of eighty 800
b/s elements, and a 56 kb/s HCM frame consists of seventy 800 b/s elements).
56
2. Applications
The Alcatel 5620 NM and the NMTI display an HCM frame as a 10 row by 8
column matrix, as shown in Figure 2-22. The rows are named Frame 0 to Frame
9 (F0-F9) and the columns are named Bit 7 to Bit 0 (B7-B0). An element is
identified by its row and column, for example, F2-B2.
Figure 2-22 shows a 9.6 kb/s data channel with end-to-end signaling or
independent clocking, or both (9600 b/s plus 800 b/s).
Figure 2-22: A 64 kb/s HCM frame with eighty 800 b/s elements
B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
F0 F S D D D D D D
F1 D D D D D D - -
F2 - - - - - - - -
F3 - - - - - - - -
F4 - - - - - - - -
F5 - - - - - - - - 10 rows
F6 - - - - - - - -
F7 - - - - - - - -
F8 - - - - - - - -
F9 - - - - - - - -
Any combination of data rates can be used to fill an HCM frame: synchronous
and asynchronous, and 8 kb/s and 16 kb/s HCV channels. Awide range of
synchronous and asynchronous data rates are supported. Any element in the
HCM frame that does not contain an F, S, or D represents unused bandwidth.
HCM frames can also be reduced by 8 kb/s increments (that is, by 10 HCM
elements) to allow both HCM and transparent (I.460) data to occupy the same
aggregate DS0. This is useful when 8 or 16 kb/s CPSS channels are multiplexed
together with HCM data. Figure 2-23 shows a 9.6 kb/s data channel and a 16 kb/s
CPSS channel multiplexed with it. Transparent data can be positioned before or
after the HCM framing bit position.
The ability to reduce the HCM frame bandwidth in 8-kb/s increments also
permits use of 48 and 56 kb/s transmission services. Transparent (I.460)
channels can be configured before or after the framing (F) bit.
57
Product overview
B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
F0 F S D D D D T T
F1 D D D D D D T T
F2 D D - - - - T T
F3 - - - - - - T T
F4 - - - - - - T T
F5 - - - - - - T T 10 rows
F6 - - - - - - T T
F7 - - - - - - T T
F8 - - - - - - T T
F9 - - - - - - T T
5970
The HCM S-bit provides end-to-end signal propagation for up to eight control
signals (control leads can also be forced high or low).
Figure 2-24: 9.6 kb/s synchronous isochronous communications with 800 b/s overhead
Transmission
service Transmission
provider service
A provider
B
Network Network
DSU DSU
Host 3600/3600 A 3600/3600 B Cluster
+ gives clock + gives clock controller
MainStreet to each MainStreet to each
node MainStreet node Port DSU
Port
configured for node configured for
independent independent
clocking clocking
11231
58
2. Applications
Multidrop data bridging allows several data devices to communicate with a host
processor using the same bandwidth (see “Multidrop data bridging” for a
complete description of the application).
59
Product overview
Fully software-
configurable The 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager uses versatile DSP
SRMs technology to provide fully user-programmable SRM functionality. DSP cards are
available with two or six DSP resources. The DPM has two DSP resources. Some
SRM applications use a single DSP resource to provide several SRMs. Other SRM
applications require that DSP resources be configured in pairs (that is, two DSP
resources combined to provide several SRMs).
The type of DSP card or module and the SRM application determine the number
of SRMs provided by a given DSP resource or resource pair, and the number of
tributary and branch channels it supports. Figure 2-25 shows a DSP resource or
resource pair configured to provide SRM functionality. Table 2-3 lists the number
of SRMs supported.
Device 2
Device 1 Network
SRM
Reserved
Transport position = F0-B5Transport position = F0-B5 Transport bandwidth for transparent
= 48 kb/sTransport bandwidth = 48 kb/s Data position
Data bandwidth = 9.6 kb/sData bandwidth = 8 kb/s
11244
60
2. Applications
The SRS application runs on the entire DSP4 card and provides 48 DS0 ports on
each card (30 in single bandwidth UCSs). The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system
supports a total of 12 DSP4 cards performing subrate switching and up to 6 cards
in each shelf. Concurrent DDS, X.50 Division 3, HCM, and transparent
switching is supported on the same card, with switching between like data
formats (that is, DDS to DDS,
X.50 Division 3 to X.50 Division 3, HCM to HCM, and transparent to transparent).
61
Product overview
Figure 2-26 shows subrate switching of DS0-A and DS0-B channels from a
remote channel bank (A), a remote 3600/3600+ MainStreet system (also running
SRS) at (B), a collection of local terminations including an OCU-DP channel
unit (C) and two 2600 MainStreet series DTUs or 2700 MainStreet series DTUs
(D), and the DDS network (E). Some of the channels switched include:
• one 9.6 kb/s DS0-A channel (1) switched between (A) and (B)
• two 4.8 kb/s channels (2) and (3) within a 9.6 kb/s DS0-B at (B) switched to a
4.8 kb/s DS0-B at (E)
• one 19.2 kb/s DTU channel (6) switched to 9.6 kb/s DS0-B at (E)
A 3624 MainStreet
Channel Bank E
1 9.6 kb/s DS0-A
DDS network
3600/3600+ MainStreet
9.6 DS0-B node
2 4.8 kb/s 2 3
SRS
3 4.8 kb/s (DSP4)
T
4 9.6 kb/s
1 T 5
7
4.8 kb/s 9
DS0-B
T
• one 9.6 kb/s channel (1) switched between (A) and (D)
62
2. Applications
• one 4.8 kb/s channel (4) switched between (B) and (D)
• one 2.4 kb/s channel (12) switched between (C) and (D)
63
Product overview
X.50 aggregate A D
9.6 kb/s 3rd party equipment
1 X.50 network
9.6 kb/s
2
9.6 kb/s
3
3600/3600+ MainStreet node
64 kb/s Codirectional X.50 aggregate
9.6 kb/s 1
X.50 aggregate
9.6 kb/s 2
4.8 kb/s 4 5 SRS (DSP4)
E1 9.6 kb/s 3
9.6 kb/s 6 9.6 kb/s
6
4.8 kb/s
11 14
2.4 kb/s 7 8 9 10
E1 X.50 aggregate
2.4 kb/s
4.8 kb/s 7 8 9 10
2B1Q/ DNIC
4 5
SRS E1 2.4 kb/s 12
via X.50 or 9.6 kb/s 13
X.50 Telco SRM
B 3600/3600+
MainStreet node
DTU C DTU
Port (a): 11 4.8 kb/s 13 9.6 kb/s
Port (b): 12 2.4 kb/s 14 4.8 kb/s
11233
A special CPSS capability enables the SRS application to extract 4 kb/s HCM
CPSS channels from HCM aggregate channels. These channels can be dropped
or inserted directly to or from 4 kb/s CPSS ports on the Control and DCP cards.
• one 19.2 kb/s channel (1) switched between (A) and (C)
• one 4.8 kb/s channel (2) switched between (A) and (D)
• one 19.2 kb/s channel (3) switched between (B) and (C)
• one 9.6 kb/s channel (4) switched between (B) and (D)
• one 9.6 kb/s channel (5) switched between (C) and (D) using noncontiguous
bandwidth at (C)
• one 9.6 kb/s channel (6) switched between (C) and (D)
• two 4 kb/s CPSS channels extracted from (A) and (B)
64
2. Applications
CPSS
3612 (A)
CPSS
3612 (B) 2
SRS
(DSP4) I/F SRS
3612 3600/3600+
A MainStreet I I D MainStreet
node node
Multidrop data bridging Multidrop data bridging, which is a subrate data application, allows a master
host processor to communicate with two or more slave devices using the same
transport bandwidth (see Figure 2-29). As with DDS MJUs, multidrop data
bridges operate on digital data. By contrast, PCM bridges operate on modem
outputs, which are the PCM representation of voice band data. All SRMs
configured for HCM, transparent, or X.50/X.50 Telco (Divisions 2 and 3)
support multidrop data bridging.
65
Product overview
SRM Slave
Master
SRM SRM Slave
Slave
The master device sends out polling messages and receives data from slave
devices in these elements or phase positions. The host communication protocol
must ensure that only one slave transmits information at any time (for example,
SNA/SDLC).
Figure 2-30 shows a typical application with a host processor as the master
device and cluster controllers or intelligent data terminals as slaves.
The master polls the slaves by broadcasting polling information to all of them.
The addressed slave responds to the host with the requested information. Each
slave may only communicate with the host and not with other slaves. The
communications protocol, such as SNA/SDLC, Pole Response or Bisync, must
ensure that only one slave communicates at any one time. The PCM bridge is
responsible for identifying the active slave channel and for switching the slave
data to the host.
66
2. Applications
Slave responses
(user application must ensure
only one slave transmits at
any one time) Polling information
broadcasted to slaves
3624 MainStreet
Channel Bank
E
Host
processor Outside plant
copper
4W
TO
chann
67
Product overview
10112
68
2. Applications
BONDING-based inverse
multiplexing
BONDING-based inverse multiplexing, which is supported on the IMC,
breaks down an n 56 kb/s or n 64 kb/s super-rate circuit into individual 56
kb/s or 64 kb/s circuits, passes these individual circuits through a network with
variable transit delay paths, and recombines them at the far end to form the
original super-rate circuit.
Figure 2-32 shows how a data stream may become delayed as it is inversely
multiplexed and then sent over channels with varying delays.
A 64 kb/s ?
network
BC ? ?
A Channel A Channel
Channel B Channel
B Channel C Channel
C
661
Figure 2-33 shows how the same data stream is handled by the IMC. Based on
the BONDING specification for delay equalization, inverse multiplexing
compensates for the differential delays among the individual data streams,
allowing the data passing over the super-rate circuit to remain intact.
A Channel A Channel
B Channel B Channel
C Channel C Channel
6616
69
Product overview
Figure 2-34 shows a typical leased application in which two communicating data
devices (in 3600/3600+ MainStreet nodes #1 and #3) do not have enough
bandwidth for direct connection. The network manager uses the available three
64 kb/s timeslots between 3600/3600+ MainStreet nodes #1 and #3 and three
timeslots between
3600/3600+ MainStreet nodes #1 and #2, as well as the three timeslots
between 3600/3600+ MainStreet nodes #2 and #3. Since the delay is
unpredictable, inverse
multiplexing resources on 3600/3600+ MainStreet nodes #1 and #3 determine
and then equalize the delay.
3 x 64 kb/s
70
2. Applications
FRE, X.25 FRE and PE (4) n = {1, 2, 3, 4 . . . 62} for double bandwidth
Notes
1. User-defined aggregate timeslot usage supports contiguous and noncontiguous super-rate channels
(including AT&T Publication 54019A IBR format).
2. User-defined aggregate timeslot usage supports contiguous, noncontiguous and equidistant super-rate
channels (including ITU-T G.735, G.737).
3. Timeslot 0 is partially used by the supervisory channel. User-defined aggregate timeslots usage
supports contiguous and noncontiguous super-rate channels.
4. The card can access up to 3968 kb/s (for double bandwidth). Any one circuit can be configured for up to
1984 kb/s.
5. The 28LC HDSL line interface can be configured for a maximum of 4, 8, or 16 DS0s in 2-wire
configuration. Longer loop lengths are possible with the lower line interface speeds.
6. The 28LC HDSL line interface can be configured for a maximum of 8, 16, or 32 DS0s in 4-wire
configuration. Longer loop lengths are possible with the lower line interface speeds.
CAS and CCS E1 links also support equidistant super-rate channels around
TS16. For single E1 cards, the SAM provides this capability (if the channels
allocated to a super-rate circuit are confined to one side or the other of TS16, a
SAM is not needed).
71
Product overview
Voice applications The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system provides a wide range of voice
applications, including:
Uncompressed PCM voice circuits require the full 64 kb/s bandwidth provided
by an aggregate’s timeslot. Voice compression reduces this bandwidth
requirement and maintains voice quality. The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system
supports the following voice compression algorithms:
• 32 kb/s ADPCM
• 32 kb/s ADPCM G3 fax, which is a modified ADPCM algorithm that
passes 9600 b/s G3 fax signals
• 16 kb/s HCV, which is a proprietary compression algorithm adapted from
the CELP coding that provides equivalent quality to 32 kb/s ADPCM with
reduced bandwidth requirements
• 8 kb/s HCV, which is a bandwidth-optimized version of 16 kb/s HCV
that provides exceptionally high quality
• 8 and 16 kb/s bulk HCV (supported on DSP5 and DSP5H cards), which
multiplexes two compressed voice circuits onto a single aggregate circuit
before transmission. Up to 20 compressed voice circuits can be
multiplexed onto the 10-circuit card
• HCVwith G3 fax (supported on the DSP4 and DSP5H cards), which
monitors PCM voice channel content and dynamically invokes HCV or G3
fax. Voice channels can originate from an analog voice card or a digital
aggregate link
• HCV with G3 fax and V.32 bis modem relay (supported on DSP5 cards),
which monitors PCM voice channel content and dynamically invokes HCV,
G3 fax, or V.32 bis modem relay
• CS-A-CELP (G.729 and G.729 Annex A) with V.32 bis modem relay
(supported on DSP5 cards), which monitors PCM voice channel content
and dynamically invokes 8 kb/s A-CELP voice compression or V.32 bis
modem relay
72
2. Applications
73
Table 2-5: 3600/3600+ MainStreet system voice compression algorithms
7
Product
Digital voice Transport G3 fax V.32 Super- Signaling type (1) Voice DSP capacity (voice circuits for each card or
compression bandwidth (max modem tandem channels for module)
algorithm and format rate in relay each
kb/s) (max aggregate
rate in (maximum)
kb/s)
T1 E1 T1 E1 DSP3 DSP4 DSP5 DSP5H VCM3 (2)
PCM 64 kb/s – – – RBS (Inband) CAS 24 30 – – – – –
TS24 (3) CCS 23 30
2
15.2, or 14.4 9.6
16 kb/s 12
I.460: 16 kb/s 14.4
Applicatio
7
Digital voice Transport G3 fax V.32 Super- Signaling type (1) Voice DSP capacity (voice circuits for each card or
7
Product
compression bandwidth (max modem tandem channels for module)
algorithm and format rate in relay each
kb/s) (max aggregate
rate in (maximum)
kb/s)
T1 E1 T1 E1 DSP3 DSP4 DSP5 DSP5H VCM3 (2)
LD-CELP HCM: 12.8, 4.8 4.8 – Inband Inband 96 120 – – 10 – –
12.8 kb/s 14.4, 15.2, or
9.6 7.2
16 kb/s
14.4 9.6
16 kb/s HCM
or I.460 12
14.4
LD-CELP HCM: 16 kb/s 4.8 4.8 – Inband Inband 96 120 – – 10 – –
16 kb/s
I.460: 16 kb/s 9.6 7.2
14.4 9.6
12
14.4
Notes
1. If not otherwise indicated, the signaling type supports out-of-band signaling.
2. This module is supported on Dual T1 and Dual E1 cards.
3. To support this signaling type, Dual T1 cards require a TSM, and Dual T1-2 cards require a DRM.
2. Applications
ADPCM voice compression ADPCM voice compression is based on bundles of six DS0s which
accommodate 1 signaling and 11 voice channels. In T1 environments, the M44
and M48 signaling formats are supported, giving 44 and 48 voice channels
(respectively) and four delta signaling channels (for M44 only) in 24 DS0s. In
E1 environments, the M55 and M60 signaling formats are supported, giving 55
and 60 voice channels (respectively) and five delta signaling channels (for M55
only) in 30 DS0s.
ADPCM is provided by the VCM3 on Dual 1.544 Mb/s T1 and Dual 2.048 Mb/s
E1 cards. The VCM3 functions as a full M48 or M60 ADPCM or ADPCM/G3
fax transcoder. Typical applications include satellite or terrestrial links between
PBXs or COs (or both) at different locations.
Up to 48 (T1) and 60 (E1) voice circuits, received at the Dual T1 or Dual E1 line
interfaces, can be compressed by the VCM3 and cross-connected to another
aggregate card. All 48 T1 channels can be compressed.
Unused DS0s within a bundle can be used by other voice and/or data circuits.
Uncompressed voice circuits that occupy one of these unused DS0s transmit
signaling information in the normal way, for example, RBSfor T1 and TS16 for E1.
HCV voice compression HCV is a proprietary algorithm that reduces the voice and signaling bandwidth
of a regular 64 kb/s voice call to 8 or 16 kb/s. The use of inband signaling
eliminates all signaling bandwidth overhead, and facilitates bandwidth
management flexibility by supporting subrate multiplexing with other HCV
circuits and HCM or transparent data.
The following list highlights the specifications and features supported by HCV.
75
Product overview
• The end-to-end delay for signaling ABCD bits is 5.75 to 9.0 ms.
76
2. Applications
Using the internationally accepted MOS test in which listeners rate speech
quality on a scale of 1 to 5, 16 kb/s HCV was ranked slightly better than 32 kb/s
ADPCM (4.28 for HCV, 4.26 for ADPCM) while 8 kb/s HCV was ranked as
near toll-quality with a score of 3.56.
HCV is performed using DSP3, DSP4, DSP5 and DSP5H cards. On the DSP3 and
DSP4 cards, each DSP resource can perform 8 kb/s or 16 kb/s HCV (voice
information and signaling) on one PCM voice channel. On the DSP5 and DSP5H
cards, each DSP resource can perform 8 kb/s or 16 kb/s HCV on two PCM voice
channels.
The compressed output format isconfigurable for HCM or I.460 (transparent) rate
adaption (8 or 16 kb/s based on compression ratio). A 9.6 kb/s HCM format is also
supported by the HCV with G3 fax application. PCM (uncompressed) voice
channels can originate from any voice interface or aggregate card.
As shown in Figure 2-35, the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system provides full HCV
support for international networks. Each endpoint HCV compressor can select the
signaling type from one of the signaling groups designated in the figure as A,
B or C. For example, LGS-LS and LGE-RE can be used at opposite ends of the
same HCV channel, and Mu-law or A-law companding can also be selected for
each end of the HCV channel. Direct cross-connections between the HCV
compressor’s PCM side and T1 or E1 links or analog voice ports are supported.
International voice support is extended to include G3 fax data using the HCV
with G3 fax application. A typical G3 faxapplication would have the PBXs
(shown in the figure) programmed to switch G3 fax traffic to trunks, which the
3600 + MainStreet multiplexer cross-connects to a DSP4 card.
77
Product overview
London
Tokyo
A-law
Mu-law companding
companding E1 (CAS, R2D)
T1 (RBS) A) E&M-Type V, LGS-PLAR
A) E&M-Type V B) LGS/LGE-RE
C) LGS/LGE-EC
3600/3600
+ 3600/3600+
MainStreet MainStreet
node node
HCV
HCV
PBX T1
FT1 E1 PBX
V.35 PRI X.21 PRI
Digital
network
HCV
HCV
E1 T1
X.21 PRI FT1
V.35 PRI
3600/3600
+
3600/3600 MainStreet PBX
+ node
PBX
MainStreet
Mexico City node New York
Mu-law Mu-law
companding companding
T1 (RBS)
E1 (CAS using T1 AB bits) A) E&M-Type I, II, III, IV, V,
A) E&M-Type I, II, III, IV, V, V with filter, LGS PLAR V with filter, LGS PLAR
B) LGS/LGE LS B) LGS/LGE LS
C) LGS/LGE GS C) LGS/LGE GS
1125
CS-A-CELP voice
CS-A-CELP complies with ITU-T Recommendations G.729 and G.729 Annex
compression
A. CS-A-CELP compresses voice to 8 kb/s and provides a low, constant end-to-
end compression/decompression delay of 45 to 55 ms. CS-A-CELP provides a
higher-quality compressed voice signal than HCV.
78
2. Applications
LD-CELP voice
LD-CELP, which complies with ITU-T Recommendation G.728, compresses
compression
voice to 9.6, 12.8, or 16 kb/s, and provides a low, constant end-to-end
compression/ decompression delay of 10 to 12.5 ms. LD-CELP provides a
higher-quality compressed voice signal than HCV.
Super-tandem operation Super-tandem operation provides improved voice quality, additional bandwidth
savings, and simplified network design with HCV and CS-A-CELP (G.729 and
G.729A) voice compression.
Typically, three to five links are assigned to a path. With standard voice
compression, the voice signal is compressed and decompressed at each link,
reducing voice quality. To offset this, the voice paths are engineered for higher
bandwidth, which counteracts the benefits of voice compression.
Furthermore, during the voice compression stage, an encoding and decoding delay
occurs. This delay accumulates at each tandem node in a multihop network.
79
Product overview
A
B C
3600/3600+
MainStreet node 3600/3600+ 3600/3600+
MainStreet node MainStreet node
A
B C
3600/3600+
MainStreet node 3600/3600+ 3600/3600+
MainStreet node MainStreet node
80
2. Applications
Voice over frame relay Voice over frame relay (VoFR) is a method of compressing voice calls and
transporting them over a frame relay network. The statistical multiplexing
capability of frame relay allows bandwidth to be shared between voice and data
virtual circuits, which improves bandwidth utilization. For example, a voice call
only uses bandwidth when a call is in progress, which means that other data
traffic or voice calls can occupy the bandwidth when a call is not being made.
The VoFR application uses the CS-A-CELP (G.729A) voice compression algorithm
selected by the Frame Relay Forum for voice communications over frame relay.
The CS-A-CELP (G.729A) 8 kb/s voice compression is performed by the DSP5
card. Voice calls are compressed and packetized by the DSP5 card for transport
within the payload of a frame relay frame. Including the frame relay overhead, this
equates to approximately 9.6 kb/s for each voice channel.
Silence suppression
VoFR offers the potential for significant savings in bandwidth and cost. With the
Alcatel solution, further savings are achieved with silence suppression, a
technique that disables the transmission of voice frames when a caller is not
speaking. When CS-A-CELP is used in conjunction with silence suppression,
acceptable quality voice is delivered over frame relay at approximately 6 kb/s.
81
Product overview
Quality of service
To provide a measurable quality of service, it is essential to determine frame
transfer delay and frame loss ratios. With the use of these parameters, the Alcatel
5620 NM can specify and guarantee support for real-time voice traffic, without
significantly affecting data traffic that is not real-time.
Quality of service techniques used with the Alcatel VoFR solution address:
• end-to-end delay
• jitter control
• distortion and noise
• frame loss
• echo
The bursty nature and variable frame sizes of frame relay networks may result in
variable delays between consecutive packets. The time difference between each
arriving packet is known as jitter. Jitter occurs in packet networks when an
intermediate switch is already busy with a packet and another packet arrives.
The second packet is held in a buffer at the switch until transmission of the first
packet is complete. The resulting delay is dependent on the length of the first
packet.
If the jitter exceeds the buffering capacity of the receiving device, it can interfere
with the smooth regeneration of voice at the receiving end. A large gap in
regenerated voice packets results in distorted sound. Extreme jitter can cause
voice frames to be dropped. If a voice frame arrives too late, it may be discarded.
82
2. Applications
To avoid speech distortions and dropped frames, frames are buffered at the
speech decoder. The buffer must be large enough to accommodate the worst case
of jitter through the network. The Alcatel VoFR algorithm uses a unique, state-
of-the-art technique called Adaptive Delay Equalization, which provides efficient
equalization of delay jitter end to end in the network. The size of the jitter buffer
can be adapted according to the delay profile of received speech frames. The
result is low end-to-end delay during low congestion periods, and no jitter buffer
overflow during congested periods.
The proprietary super-tandem algorithm has been extended to the Alcatel VoFR
implementation. In addition to rendering the compression and decompression
cycle unnecessary, the implementation of super-tandem VoFR eliminates the
need for voice packets to be queued in the playback jitter buffer. The jitter buffer
is used to compensate for variation in network delays, and is normally active in
the conversion from VoFR back to PCM. By eliminating the need for playback
buffer at the tandem switching node, the end-to-end delay across the network
can be significantly reduced, and a high-quality speech path can be maintained.
Router Router
Router
Tandem PBX
12604
83
Product overview
Echo cancellation
Echo is a phenomenon in which transmitted voice is reflected back to the
transmission point. Depending on its severity, echo can disrupt the normal flow
of conversation. Frame relay networks have no capacity to handle echo, so the
problem must be resolved by the equipment at the network edge. The Alcatel
VoFR algorithm provides integral G.165 echo cancellation (no tone disabling)
with up to 16 ms tail circuit length, a convergence time of 500 ms, and a
software-configurable minimum echo return loss with optional nonlinear
suppressor.
Interoperability
VoFR is interoperable across multiple MainStreet platforms (see Figure 2-39),
providing an integrated end-to-end solution for small remote offices right
through to high-capacity backbone switches, all of them managed from a single
network management platform. VoFR technology is supported on the 3608 and
3609 MainStreet packet access multiplexers for smaller remote or branch office
access; it is supported on the 3612 MainStreet Narrow-band Multiplexer for
access at larger branch sites. For backbone locations, the integration of VoFR
technology directly into the 3600 and 3600/3600+ MainStreet series bandwidth
managers provides a unique, scalable central-site solution.
84
2. Applications
Remote office
LGS
Phone
PBX
Fax
Alcatel 5620 Network Manager
Remote office
V.35
SBRI
Phone analog Up to 512 kb/s
Router
Fractional E1 Private backbone network
3612 MainStreet node
PBX
Fax
Regional office
Router
15161
85
Product overview
Each channel is independently monitored for activity. When G3 fax tones are
present, the DSP resource dynamically invokes G3 fax demodulation to extract
the digital fax data. When G3 fax tones are not present, voice compression is
applied. At the far end, the digital signal is either remodulated or uncompressed
for fax and voice respectively. Figure 2-40 shows a sample application.
86
2. Applications
3600/3600 3600
+ MainStreet
MainStreet node
node
3600/3600+ MainStreet
node
DSP-n or
DPM
G3 fax LGS Digital
DSP4 network
with SRM T1/
E&M T1/E1
fax E1
modu
V.32 modem relay V.32 modem relay on the DSP5 card complies with V.32 and V.32 bis ITU
standards. When the DSP5 card detects V.32 modem signals, it
automatically switches from voice to data mode.
Echo cancellation Echo cancellation removes voice echoes caused by reflections from a far-end
2- to 4-wire analog conversion hybrid and telephone set. Echoes become
annoying when voice circuits are transmitted through a network with long delays
(for example, networks with satellite links). Generally, a maximum delay of 25 to
30 ms can be tolerated before echo cancellation is required. The echo return loss
is also a factor in determining the need for echo cancellation; loud echoes are
more annoying than quiet ones. The echo cancellation resources on the
3600/3600+ MainStreet can be used to remove up to 26 ms of tail circuit
echoes (tail circuit lengths of approximately 4000 km [2500 mi]). This
feature is shown in Figure 2-41.
87
Product overview
Figure 2-41: Echo cancellation, tail circuit lengths and transit delays
Tail circuit
length (1) Tail circuit length (1)
Digital
network
2-wire 4-wire 4-wire 4-wire 2-wire
T1/E1 T1/E1 T1/E1
PBX
3600/3 3600/3
600+ 600+
MainStreet MainStreet
node A node B
Network transit time
Notes
1. Negligible tail circuit length at node A: 2- and 4-wire conversion hybrid and echo cancellation at
same physical location, consequently the tail circuit length consists of just the local loop. For the echo
cancellation circuit in node B, the tail circuit length consists primarily of the distance between node B
and the PBX.
By default, the minimum ERL is 6 dB, but you can configure the ERL for 3 dB.
The 3 dB ERL feature should be used for tail circuits with severe impedance
mismatches.
88
2. Applications
International signaling
and companding The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system supports the international PCM voice
conversion signaling and companding conversions necessary in networks using both T1 and
E1 and multinational telephone equipment, including:
• conversion of RBS, used in D4 and ESF T1, to ITU-T G.732 signaling, used
in CAS E1
• conversion of analog voice signaling, such as North American LGS LS
to European LGE RE signaling
• conversion of Mu-law companding to A-law
• transport of T1 AB signaling bits over E1 links
Figure 2-42 shows how the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system can be used in
international voice networks. The T1 link (a) and/or the E1 link (b), can be used
to interconnect the North American and European nodes. Note that one of the
T1/E1 cards terminating the transatlantic link must have a CCM.
For the T1 link (a), companding and signaling conversion is performed at the
European node (the T1 link carries Mu-law and T1 AB signaling channels). For
the E1 link (b), companding conversion occurs at the North American node.
Signaling conversion is performed at the European node, when T1 signaling is
used on the E1 link, or at the North American node, when the E1 CAS timeslots
are
cross-connected to T1 timeslots.
(a)
T
T1 CCM
R
R
T1
P
1
1
I
I
E1 CCM(b)
E1
89
Product overview
With the ability to program A-law voice cards for either T1 or E1 signaling, it is
possible to provide PCM voice conversion by directly cross-connecting an A-law
voice port to a T1 link. In addition, the ability of the 3600 + MainStreet
multiplexer to support T1 signaling on E1 links enables direct cross-connection
of Mu-law voice ports to E1 links. Companding conversion will be performed in
both cases when the T1 or E1 cards have CCMs.
HCV can also be used for international voice signaling and companding
conversion applications. The Application Note, International Voice Signaling
Applications (01NCN353), available from your Alcatel representative, provides
detailed configuration information on both PCM and HCV usage in international
networks.
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system can also convert between the ITU-T ADI
A-law PCM output code format (generally used on 2.048 Mb/s E1 links) and
the AT&T Mu-law true-sign inverted magnitude PCM output code format
(generally used on
1.544 Mb/s T1 links).
Analog interface
conversion In addition to international voice signaling conversion, the 3600 + MainStreet
system can provide signaling and interface conversion to enable cross-connections
within the following groups of voice circuits:
Voice conference bridging The VCB application provides a simultaneous communication path between two
or more PCM voice channels (Hoot ‘n’ Holler service). It is intended for nailed-
up or long-duration applications, such as brokerage dealer board applications.
The VCB application does not support signaling. It can be used to provide an
organization-wide voice conference facility. The VCB is a single DSP resource
application and is supported on DSP3 cards. A sample configuration is shown in
Figure 2-43.
90
2. Applications
PSTN
E&M, LGS, PLAR
T1/E1
E&M/LGE
3600/3600
T1/E1 +
E&M/LGE MainStreet T1 (PCM)
node
VC
HCV 3624
PBX MainStreet
T1/E1 Channel Bank
V.35/X.21 (PCM) 3600/3600
(HCV) +
MainStreet
node
VC
91
Product overview
Daisy chain
3600/3600+ 3600/3600+
MainStreet node MainStreet node
Hierarchic
T1/E1 (PCM)
City B
3600/3600+ 3600/3600+ 3600/3600+
MainStreet node MainStreet node MainStreet node
Frame relay Frame relay is a service that statistically multiplexes individually addressed frames
switching onto a digital link. It differs from traditional packet services, such as X.25, by its
delegation of error correction and flow control responsibilities to the attached user
devices. (With X.25, these are network node-to-node responsibilities; with frame
relay, they are end-to-end user device responsibilities.) With less network
overhead, frame relay can focus network resources on the transmission of frames
from one end of the network to the other, at much higher transmission rates than
legacy packet networks.
These characteristics have made frame relay ideal for its traditional role—the
interconnection of LANs where bursty, low-average bandwidth and high-
throughput usage is typical. But these same advantages have allowed frame relay
to evolve into the first truly universal packet WAN service offering data and voice
integration. Combining intrinsic statistical gains, low overhead, and its ability to
dynamically assign bandwidth, frame relay has become the protocol of choice for
transmitting packetized voice.
92
2. Applications
Alcatel frame relay On the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system, frame relay services are supported by the
FRS, FRE, and PE cards. Each card is an independent frame relay switch,
providing frame routing, dynamic bandwidth allocation, congestion control, and
frame error checking. Up to eight FRS cards, eight FRE cards, or six PE cards
can be installed in a 3600/3600+ MainStreet shelf. The cards can be easily
upgraded through software to add new features and functionality without
affecting the operation of the
3600/3600+ MainStreet system.
For existing 3600/3600+ MainStreet networks, the frame relay cards are the key
elements of a seamless, cost-effective migration path from circuit switching to
advanced packet- and cell-switched networks. In addition to investment
protection, the benefits of the Alcatel frame relay solution include:
93
Product overview
Telephone companies and carriers can use frame relay cards to concentrate frame
relay traffic from multiple frame relay-compatible user devices in order to
achieve greater bandwidth utilization on gateways to public CSSNA and frame
relay networks.
94
2. Applications
3600/3600+ MainStreet
Router node
Point-to-point LAN
2721 3600/3600+
MainStreet MainStreet
node
FRS
2721
MainStreet
Shared channel(s) for all LAN-WAN-LAN interconnections FRS
Point-to-multipoint LAN
FRS
15215
95
Product overview
High-speed
public
frame relay
network PSTN
Central
office Integrated Customer Voice
access loop premises PBX
Circuit switched connections Video
LAN
Private/hybrid Bridges
FRS integrated and
card(s) networks routers
Frame relay connection
Packet- Low-speed
switched data
network (1) Third-party
frame relay
Metropolitan
area network (2) terminal adapters
Notes
1. Traditional low-speed (<64
kb/s) X.25 services with
frame relay interfaces
2. MAN with DS1 frame relay interfaces
7558
Upgrade to a
high-capacity frame
With a minimum of two FRE or PE cards and the addition of the FASTbus,
relay system a 3600/3600+ MainStreet node is upgraded to a high-capacity frame relay
switching system. The FASTbus is a fully redundant FDDI ring that
provides 100 Mb/s connectivity between up to 64 FRE or PE cards.
Subrate frame relay The SRIM is an optional module that can be installed on the FRS card to
process data at subrate speeds that are not limited to multiples of 8 kb/s.
Circuits that are not configured for the SRIM support only subrate speeds that
are multiples of
8 kb/s.
Table 2-6 lists the subrate speeds and rate adaption protocols supported by the
SRIM.
96
2. Applications
Table 2-6: Subrate speeds and rate adaption supported by the SRIM
HCM 1.2
2.4
4.8
9.6
14.4
19.2
38.4
Link management
protocols Link management protocols are used to communicate PVC status information
and configuration changes between end-user devices, such as routers, and
network devices, such as the FRE and FRS cards. The frame relay cards support
the three accepted protocols for communicating frame relay link status
information.
• LMI
• Annex D of ANSI T1.617
• Annex A of ITU-T Q.933
Congestion management
and recovery The frame relay cards provide congestion management and recovery facilities that
detect the onset of congestion, limit the extent of congestion, and expedite the
recovery from severe congestion. Congestion is monitored at several levels,
including:
• frame switch
• processor
• frame stream
User-configurable MCT, SCT, and ACT levels are used to limit and expedite the
recovery from congestion.
97
Product overview
Maintenance and
performance monitoring
The frame relay cards offer a range of maintenance and performance monitoring
functions.
• alarms
The cards maintain separate alarm queues that are categorized according to
severity. Alarms can be read, acknowledged, logged, deleted, and monitored
through theAlcatel 5620 NM and NMTI. Remote alarm logging through
CPSS is supported.
• statistics
The cards collect a range of frame relay switch, frame stream and data
link connection statistics. Statistics are viewed using an Alcatel 5620 NM
or the NMTI.
• loopbacks
Loopbacks are supported on PVCs and frame streams.
For detailed information about the Alcatel’s frame relay service, refer to the
MainStreet Frame Relay General Information Book.
X.25 packet X.25 is an internationally accepted ITU-T standard that defines a communication
switching protocol between data terminal devices and packet-switched data networks. The
X.25 protocol facilitates the interworking of packet-switched data services
across geographically dispersed public and private networks.
X.25 is a virtual call service that allows network users to set up calls using standard
X.121 and E.164 addresses. The network establishes calls over virtual circuits,
which are logical connections between the originating and destination addresses.
Through the use of statistical multiplexing methods, X.25 can support multiple
virtual circuits over a single physical circuit, thus providing port sharing and
dynamic bandwidth allocation.
The X.25 protocol implements various error correction and flow control
techniques to ensure the reliable transfer of data across the network. Call
subscription options and facilities allow network users to individually customize
their service based on the application requirements.
MainStreet X.25 service With the addition of a single PE or X.25 FRE card, a 3600/3600+ MainStreet
node supports the MainStreet X.25 service, a complete X.25 switching product
suitable for public switched data networks, large service provider networks and
corporate data networks. The MainStreet X.25 service addresses the
requirements for
high-speed access and the need for integrated, cost-effective migration paths to
advanced packet and cell switching technologies.
98
2. Applications
The X.25 FRE and PE cards can be installed in any UCS in a 3600/3600+
MainStreet system. An X.25 FRE is a standard FRE card running X.25 software;
an X.25 FRE card can be ordered with the X.25 software pre-installed, or
existing FRE cards can be upgraded to support the MainStreet X.25 service.
While the X.25 features are almost identical on both cards, the PE card offers
greater fan-out capacity, delivers higher packet throughput performance, and has
more memory, making it more suitable for networks that require high-capacity
accounting.
The PE and X.25 FRE cards provide a small footprint, high-performance X.25
switching platform. Functioning as independent packet and frame switches on
the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system, the cards can be easily upgraded through
software to add new features and functionality without affecting the operation of
the
3600/3600+ MainStreet system. Moreover, the cards support X.25 and frame
relay services simultaneously, and offer both network interworking and service
interworking between X.25 and frame relay.
Figure 2-47 shows an example of a MainStreet X.25 network using 36110 and
36111 MainStreet multiprotocol concentrators.
99
Product overview
Public
X.25
network
DS0 or
ISDN 2B+D
IBM Private
X.75 X.75 X.25
DEC
BUL network
L
X.25 (up to 3600
E1 rate) MainStreet X.25
Subrate X.25 devices node gateway
(1.2 to 64 kb/s) 3600/3600
+
MainStreet
node
T1 E3
T1
Router Frame Frame E3
relay relay
36111
MainStreet E1 T3 IP IPX
node 3600
MainStreet NetBIOS SNA
node
IP
IPX
NetBIOS 36110
SNA
Frame MainStreet
3600 relay node
Frame
3600/3600+ Alcatel MainStreet relay
MainStreet 5620 NM node
node
36111 X.25
MainStreet 36110
node
X.25 MainStreet node
ISDN
Frame
relay BSC
Async. HDLC
X.25 36110 SDLC
36110 MainStreet
MainStreet node
node 36110
MainStreet node
IP
IPX IP
NetBIOS IPX
SNA NetBIOS
SNA
15162
100
2. Applications
• access speeds from 1.2 kb/s to 1984 kb/s using existing MainStreet family
access devices and interface cards
• X.25 access over frame relay based on widely accepted encapsulation standards
• optimized X.25 performance in the network backbone using Alcatel
frame relay technology operating at up to T3/E3 speeds
• dynamic routing and load balancing on a per-packet basis
• full support for X.75 and X.35 gateways
• full network management by the Alcatel 5620 NM
• comprehensive node management through the integrated NMTI (VT100)
• redundancy for access lines and backbone trunks provided by
RAPID protection switching or the Alcatel 5620 NM AAR
• extensive maintenance and performance monitoring functions, including
alarms, statistics and diagnostics
Standards-compliant X.25
and X.75 The MainStreet X.25 service fully supports the 1984, 1988, 1992, and 1996
versions of ITU-T Recommendations X.25 and X.75. The link layer supports
modulo 8 and modulo 128 frame sequencing, and supports both direct LAPB
access and access over frame relay encapsulation circuits.
The network layer offers a choice of DCE or DTE modes and fully supports:
Figure 2-48 shows the various components that make up the MainStreet X.25
network. The PE and X.25 FRE cards are the key components. To support the
full range of X.25 network services, Alcatel offers the following optional
subsystems:
101
Product overview
X.25
Maintenance tools access device
CPSS over X.25
7320
X.25-to-frame relay
X.25-to-frame relay service interworking allows X.25 devices to communicate with
service interworking
frame relay devices by converting X.25 data packets to frame relay frames.
For detailed information about the MainStreet X.25 service, refer to the
MainStreet X.25 Service General Information Book.
102
2. Applications
103
A closer view
3
Design
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager supports interface
and application cards that are common to all MainStreet large multiplexer
systems. This reduces excess inventory and simplifies craft training across the
whole 3600 MainStreet series bandwidth manager family. The 3600/3600+
MainStreet system components are field-upgradeable to provide a designed-in
migration path as networking applications evolve.
• shelf architecture
• alarm panel
• power supplies
• ringing generators
• cooling equipment
• distribution panels
• data termination units
• site requirements
• system integrity
• CPSS
• SONET and SDH data communications channels
• node and network synchronization and the ANS protocol
105
A closer
view
Shelf architecture The shelf is the basic metalwork (or frame) that houses the physical components
of a 3600/3600+ MainStreet system. There are two variants of the shelf: a 23-
inch variant and a 19-inch variant. The shelves meet Class A EMC requirements
when equipped with Class B cards and a front cover. The 19-inch shelf can be
installed in a 19-inch rack, or in a 23-inch rack using rack-adapter brackets.
• UCS sections
• HSA and common control sections
• power section
• backplane and bulkhead/equipment interface areas
Figures 3-1 and 3-2 show the major divisions of the 3600/3600+ MainStreet
shelves and how the slots are numbered. (The backplane and
bulkhead/equipment interface areas are located at the rear of the shelves, and are
not visible in the figures.)
CT
LB
Po
U
U
C
C
S
wer
sup
ply
1
TI
UCS
sections A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
Power
supply Power
section
2
U
A
C
C
S
Power
supply
3
B B B B B B B B
Frame
HSA and
common control
sections
12551
106
3. Design
UCS
sections HSA and
common control
sections
U
C
H3
LA
S
CT
CT
LB
TI
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
A
C
C
S
1
B B B B B B B B
Frame
1 2 3
Power section
11833
UCS sections The UCS sections contain slots A1 to A8 and B1 to B8, which are reserved for
the interface (aggregate, data, and voice) and application cards listed in Table 3-
1, and the MTA slot, which is reserved for the Test card. For more information
about these cards, see chapters 7 through 10.
107
A closer
view
108
3. Design
Common control
and HSA sections The common control section contains slots CTLA, CTLB, TIMA, and TIMB. The
CTLA and CTLB slots are reserved for Control cards, and the TIMA and TIMB
slots are reserved for Timing cards. For more information, see chapter 5.
The HSA section contains slots H1A and H1B, H2A and H2B, and H3A and
H3B, which are reserved for HSA cards (HSA DS3, OC-3, STM-1, TU-12
mapper and VT-1.5 mapper cards). For more information about HSA cards, see
chapter 6.
Power section The power section contains slots PS1, PS2, and PS3, which are reserved for
Power Supply cards. For more information about the Power Supply cards, see
“Power supplies” in this chapter.
Backplane and
bulkhead/equipment The backplane electrically interconnects card slots and external connectors in the
interface area equipment interface area, and distributes power and ground potentials. Equipment
interface area connectors protrude through the shelf bulkhead. The bulkhead
provides mechanical support and EMI shielding for the shelf components.
Alarm panel The alarm panel is an integrated component of 3600 + MainStreet shelves. It
is located at the top of the shelf. The alarm panel monitors and controls the
alarm inputs and outputs for shelf alarms and user-defined external alarms.
Figure 3-3 shows the alarm panel visual indicators and ACO push-button.
PowerACOCritical Alarm
Major Alarm Minor Alarm
Minor Alarm
19-inch 3600/3600+
MainStreet
shelf 15163
Power supplies The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system supports –48 V dc Power Supply cards.
Although each shelf requires two Power Supply cards to operate, a third Power
Supply card can be installed in a shelf to provide redundancy. Redundant Power
Supply cards operate together in load-sharing mode, each one ready to power the
shelf alone should the others fail. For quick field replacement, these Power
Supply cards are immediately accessible from the front of the shelf and can be
independently installed and removed while the shelf power is on. In a shelf with
two Power Supply cards, a third Power Supply card can be installed without
interrupting service.
The –48 V dc Power Supply cards, which support single- or dual-input feed
configurations, are designed to operate from CO or exchange station batteries. For
Power Supply card input specifications, see chapter 13.
110
3. Design
Ringing generators The 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager uses a ringing
generator to supply high-power alternating current to an LGS or MRD interface.
This informs a connected device (telephone, PBX, or key system) of an
incoming call, and drives the ringer on the destination telephone.
The Alcatel ringing generator unit supplies 71 to 79 V rms (75 V rms, nominal)
ringingvoltage at 16, 20, or 25 Hz (user-selectable). Typically, one unit can
provide ringingvoltage for all theLGS and MRD interfaces installed in one shelf
(up to eight 12-circuit LGS cards, 32 single-circuit LGS channel units or 32
MRD channel units). LGS and MRD interfaces are designed to accommodate a
customer-premises ringing voltage of 65 to 110 V rms from 15 to 25 Hz.
The Alcatel external ringing generator is a 19-inch rack mount assembly that
consists of up to four ringing generators (for use in redundant or nonredundant
configurations) installed in a rack-mounted enclosure complete with power
distribution, external connectors, and status LEDs. The Alcatel external
ringing generator provides:
Figure 3-4 shows an Alcatel external ringing generator assembly, which can
accommodate up to four ringing generators.
15164
111
A closer
view
LGS interfaces provide a ringing timeout to protect against link failures while in the
ringing state. The LGS interface terminates ringing after 10 seconds if there is no
change in the ringing signaling bits.
Cooling equipment For optimum performance and reliability, the 3600 + MainStreet system must
operate within a certain temperature range (see “Site requirements”). To ensure
that a 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit operates within the acceptable temperature
range, a blower unit must be installed below the shelf to provide forced air
cooling. The blower unit draws cool air in from the front of the shelf and forces
it up through the shelf.
Distribution panels Distribution panels are optional rack-mounted units used to manage the physical
connection of external equipment to 3600 + MainStreet shelves. Alcatel offers
distribution panels for DCCs, ATM Services, Dual T1-2, Dual E1, Dual E1-2,
Octal E1, and BRI S/T cards.
DCC distribution panels Each UCS has a 25-pair connector in the shelf bulkhead/equipment interface
area. Its pin and signal assignment is determined by the type of card installed in
the UCS. When a multi circuit DCC is installed, each circuit is assigned to
certain wire pairs on this connector (and sometimes to a DCC faceplate
connector as well). DCC distribution panels are used to break out individual
circuits from the 25-pair equipment interface connector (or DCC faceplate
connector) and deliver these circuits to separate connectors of the type specified
by the external data interface. For example, the RS-422 DCC uses the UDP (see
Figure 3-5), which accommodates any combination of up to four RS-530, RS-
449/V.36, V.35, and
X.21 interface modules.
112
3. Design
RS-422
Ready 1
2
3
4
Status
RS-530RS-449X.21V.35
circuitcircuitcircuitcircuit 1234
6809
Table 3-2 lists the DCC distribution panels available. Installation instructions
and pin and signal information are included with each distribution panel.
PRI RJ45
PRI RJ45 Distribution Panels provide a means to connect NT devices to Dual T1-2,
Distribution Panels
Dual E1, Dual E1-2, Octal E1, and ATM Services cards (T1, 100 or E1, 120 ).
Figures 3-6 and 3-7 show the PRI RJ45 Distribution Panels. All connectors are
located on the rear of the distribution panels.
113
A closer
view
One PRI RJ45 Distribution Panel variant has one 25-pair I/O connector and eight
RJ45 connectors (see Figure 3-6). The other variants have two 25-pair I/O
connectors and eight RJ45 connectors (see Figure 3-7).
Each RJ45 connector corresponds to one T1 or E1 link and provides one transmit
and receive pair. The 25-pair I/O connectors connect the RJ45 connectors to
UCSs.
Figure 3-6: PRI RJ45 Distribution Panel with one 25-pair connector
PRI RJ45
Distribution Panel
Front
Rear
15053
Figure 3-7: PRI RJ45 Distribution Panel with two 25-pair connectors
PRI RJ45
Distribution Panel
Front
Configuration B - 4 Port I/O (A1 - A4) Configuration B - 4 Port I/O (B1 - B4) A1 A2 A3 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4
Table 3-3 lists the PRI RJ45 Distribution Panel variants, and the cards and
number of NT devices they support.
114
3. Design
PRI BNC
PRI BNC Distribution Panels provide a means to connect NT devices to Octal
Distribution Panels
E1 and ATM Services cards (E1, 75 ).
Figure 3-8 shows the PRI BNC Distribution Panel. All connectors are located on
the rear of the distribution panel.
There are two PRI BNC Distribution Panel variants. One variant is used with the
Octal E1 card; the other is used with the ATM Services card.
Each pair of BNC connectors connects to one E1 link, providing one transmit
and one receive connector. The DB78 connectors connect BNC connectors to
UCSs.
PRI BNC
Distribution Panel
Front
Port 1
Port 2 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5/ A6/ A7/ A8/
(A1-A8/A1-A4)
(N.C./B1-B4) B1 B2 B3 B4
Chassis
ground Panel Ground Shield
stud configuration choice ground
switch switch switches
Rear
15055
Table 3-4 lists the PRI BNC Distribution Panel variants, and the cards and
number of NT devices they support.
115
A closer
view 90-6465-01 ATM Services (E1, 75 ) 4 or 8 (2 4)
116
3. Design
S/T BRI Distribution Panel The S/T BRI Distribution Panel provides connection for up to eight TE or NT
devices (or a combination of both) to one BRI S/T card. The S/T BRI
Distribution Panel has one 25-pair I/O connector and eight circuits (each with
two RJ45 connectors) at the rear of the panel. Figure 3-9 shows the S/T BRI
Distribution Panel.
S/T BRI
Distribution Panel
Front
1234 5678
15056
Chassis Ground I/O Connector TE NT TE NT TE NT TE NTTE NT TE NT TE NT TE NT
Rear
Each of the eight circuits on the distribution panel is broken out to a pair
of
RJ45 connectors to accommodate the two operational modes (TE and NT
modes), which are configurable for each of the eight circuits on the BRI S/T
card. The
25-pair I/O connector connects all eight circuits to one UCS in a shelf.
Data termination DTUs provide desktop connectivity for data devices such as personal computers,
units terminals, and modems. DTUs, together with DNIC, 2B1Q, 27LC2, 27LC3, or
28LC line cards or 2B1Q channel units, provide an interface between these data
devices and the 3600/3600+ MainStreet node. The line cards or channel units are
installed in a 3600/3600+ MainStreet shelf, which can be located in a service-
provider’s equipment building, while the DTUs can be installed at the data device
site.
Figure 3-10 shows data devices connected to DTU device ports.
25-pair
connector
Line To data devices
connector
Building
wiring
3600/3600+
MainStreet node Punch-down Wall jack DTU
(DNIC or 2B1Q block (6-pin, RJ-series
interface) (cross-connect female connector)
wiring)
11228
117
A closer
view
The DTU multiplexes the device ports onto an aggregate link (or line) that
provides:
The line cards or channel unit demultiplexes the aggregate link into individual
circuits corresponding to each data device.
For the 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU, the maximum loop length supported
depends on variations in cable characteristics, impedance variations, impulse
noise, electrical noise and crosstalk, and the presence of bridge taps. For
example, the 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU supports a loop length of up to 4.0
km (2.5 mi) using 26 AWG cable with a data rate of 256 kb/s.
Parameters for the 2600 MainStreet series DTUs are configured through the
DNIC line card. Parameters for the 2700 MainStreet series DTUs are configured
through the 2B1Q line card, 27LC2 or 27LC3 line card, or 2B1Q channel unit.
Parameters for the 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU are configured through the 28LC
line card.
When a data device circuit is configured at the 3600/3600+ MainStreet node, the
configuration is automatically downloaded to the DTU. (For more information
about DNIC, 2B1Q, 27LC2 and 27LC3 line cards, and the 2B1Q channel unit,
see chapter 9.)
DTUs can be installed on a hard, flat, horizontal surface (such as a table top), on
a wall, or in a rack.
118
3. Design
The 2601, 2602, and 2603 MainStreet DTUs are available in ANM versions.
These units are equipped with serial communications controllers used to monitor
and collect more network management traffic statistics than the standard DTUs.
119
A closer
view
• H-bit signaling
• dual ports and port redundancy
• power fail detection
• software downloading
• integral DTU NMTI (maintenance of DTU system)
• integral BERT
120
3. Design
2801 MainStreet
The 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU is designed for off-premises applications that
HDSL DTU
connect a data device to a 28LC line card installed in a 3600/3600+ MainStreet
shelf. The 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU provides one user-configurable V.35,
V.36/RS-449, or X.21 serial interface for either 2- or 4-wire connection.
Site requirements The following site requirements must be observed when installing a
3600/3600+ MainStreetsystem, to ensure adequate room to access equipment, fault-
free operation, and personal safety.
Make sure that the location can accommodate the planned type of installation
including shelves, interfaces, terminals, modems, CSUs, NTIs, and cabling.
121
A closer
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Temperature and humidity A 3600/3600+ MainStreet system is intended for indoor use. During
shipping and storage it can withstand temperatures ranging from –40 C to
+66C
(–40F to +150F) and a relative humidity of 5% to 95%. Operating
temperatures can range from 0C to +40C (32F to +100F) with a relative
humidity of 5% to 95%, noncondensing.
Power The dc power source used to supply the 3600 + MainStreet system must
comply with the mandatory regulations applicable to the country in which the
system is installed.
Grounding The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system requires separate signal and chassis ground
points.
Provision must be made at the installation site for access to the appropriate
building ground points.
Electrostatic discharge
precautions When installing a 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit, installers must wear an antistatic
strap when handling cards and modules to prevent ESD. Provision must be made
at the installation site for thegrounding ofantistatic straps. The 3600 + MainStreet
shelves provide a ground strap connection point at the front of the shelf frame.
• control redundancy
• power supply redundancy
• HSA card traffic protection
• circuit path protection at the node level (RAPID)
• circuit path protection at the network level (Alcatel 5620 NM AAR)
• ISDN leased-line protection (ISDN leased-line backup)
• aggregate interface and access redundancy
• aggregate power-loss bypass
123
A closer
view
Control redundancy The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system has a control complex, consisting of a
Control card and an associated Timing card. Control redundancy is the
duplication of the control complex to provide service protection against single-
component failures. Control redundancy in a 3600 + MainStreet system requires
both an active and inactive Control card and Timing card.
With control redundancy, the active control complex is responsible for the
operation of the system. The inactive control complex is always powered up, so
that it is ready to assume control if necessary. Control-redundant operation can
be configured to operate in either hot-standby mode or partitioned mode.
In hot-standby mode, the configuration databases of the two Control cards are
identical. Any change to the database of the active Control card is automatically
reconciled with (copied to) the database of the inactive card. When an activity
switch occurs (the act of transferring control from one control complex to the
other), calls in progress are not dropped. The output timing of the system can
experience some disturbance, and there can be a short period of corrupted data or
a burst of noise on voice circuits. These events typically persist for no longer
than 125 s. Maintenance operations and configuration changes that are in
progress could be lost. After a hot-standby activity switch occurs, the newly
inactive Control card restarts itself and reconciles its database with the database
of the newly active Control card.
Power supply redundancy Shelves can be configured with three Power Supply cards, which operate in
load-sharing mode. Individual Power Supply cards can be replaced with no service
disruption. The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system also supports dual dc power feeds.
124
3. Design
HSA card traffic protection Traffic protection provides an alternate line or path if the working line or circuit
fails or is highly errored.
The OC-3 and STM-1 cards support three modes of traffic protection:
• simplex
• 1+1
• ring
Mapper cards support two modes of traffic protection:
• simplex
• 1+1
• simplex (default)
• access
• interface
Simplex mode
Simplex mode does not provide traffic protection. To support simplex traffic
protection, the HSA card must be installed in subslot Aof an HSA card slot.
Subslot B registers as empty.
1+1 mode
1+1 mode provides line protection for OC-3 and STM-1 cards and requires fiber
optic lines connected between each subslot in each node, subslot A to subslot A
and subslot B to subslot B. Mapper cards do not require any special physical
connections because their circuits connect to other card circuits via the backplane.
Ring mode
Ring mode provides path protection on OC-3 and STM-1 cards. This mode
requires fiber optic cables connected from subslot A on one node to subslot B on
the other node, and so on throughout the ring.
125
A closer
view
RAPID protection
switching
RAPID is a node level response to an out-of-service aggregate link or a resource
failure. RAPID allows a second alternate cross-connection to be programmed into
the switching database of the node for use when the preferred path (DS0 or
super-rate channel) is unavailable. The Alcatel 5620 NM or the NMTI can be
used to configure RAPID.
When configured, use of the alternate path is automatic and continues until the
preferred path returns to service; intervention by a network manager is not
required at the time of failure. When alternate path bandwidth is routed over
leased lines, it can be used for low-priority connections during normal operation.
When RAPID is invoked, the low-priority connection is interrupted (bumped).
RAPID can also use ISDN as its alternate path. For more information, see “ISDN
bandwidth on demand” in chapter 2.
RAPID is intended for essential circuits that require immediate reconnection upon
link or resource failure. For circuits that require rerouting but not pre-assigned
alternate bandwidth, use of the Alcatel 5620 NM AAR is recommended.
Red Alarm
Preferred path declared
Fault
T1
3600/3600
+
MainStreet
node
Dallas 11229
126
3. Design
At both the San Francisco and New York nodes, the data channel is
cross-connected to the aggregate link that travels through Chicago. To ensure
availability of service should a fault occur anywhere along this preferred route,
the San Francisco and New York nodes are programmed with a second network
cross-connection which, in this example, travels through Dallas (note that the
Dallas node must nail up this alternate path's cross-connection). If the
Chicago-New York link is completely severed, the New York and Chicago
nodes raise local alarms. Because the Chicago interface towards the San
Francisco node has been configured to invoke trunk conditioning when the link
to which it is cross-connected declares a Red Alarm, fault signaling codes are
transmitted; in this case, the code selected is the OOS code. When the San
Francisco node detects the incoming OOS codes, RAPID is invoked and the
super-rate data channel now travels end-to-end along the alternate path. RAPID
would still work if the link between the Chicago and New York node had only
been severed in the New York to Chicago direction. In this case, the Chicago
node would raise a Red Alarm while the New York node would detect OOS
codes.
Note that while T1 links are shown, a mixture of E1, T1, V.35 PRI, and X.21
PRI aggregates can also be used. In addition, had the end device been a PBX that
did not require RAPID, the San Francisco and New York nodes could be
programmed to transmit the seized signaling code towards their PBXs. This
would prevent each PBX from using the out-of-service aggregate link.
Furthermore, if ISDN were used for the alternate path, the San Francisco and
New York nodes would establish a call directly between them.
When a link failure occurs on a remote span, knowledge of the event can be
propagated through multiple tandem connections by special OOS signaling codes.
OOS codes are a user-selectable trunk conditioning option.
Single T1 and E1 cards and the Dual E1-2 card support a loopback detect feature
that prevents the use of a failed link when an external loopback is applied; this
feature is also supported on the TSM and DRM of Dual T1 and Dual T1-2 cards,
respectively. All aggregate cards support two-way trunk conditioning. T1, E1,
and
X.21 and V.35 PRI aggregate cards also support one-way trunk conditioning.
127
A closer
view
If a fault occurs along any path, the Alcatel 5620 NM automatically reroutes paths
by scanning its network-wide database for idle bandwidth, including
noncontiguous 800 b/s HCM elements.
3600/3600
3600/3
+
600+
MainStreet
node MainStreet
node
Alternate path
Alternate path
3600/3600+ 3600/3600+
MainStreet node MainStreet node
ISDN leased-line
protection The ISDN backup application provides RAPID-like protection of leased lines using
nondedicated connections through the PSTN. In situations in which out-of-band
signaling is not needed and the backup connection does not need to be extremely
fast, ISDN B-channel backup is more cost-effective than standard RAPID.
The leased lines can be protected by either 2B+D lines terminating on BRI S/T
cards, 23B+D lines terminating on Dual T1-cards, or 30B+D lines terminating on
Dual E1 cards.
128
3. Design
If a failure is detected at one endpoint node, the node immediately switches the
leased circuits to a BRI with the appropriate pre-programmed dialing
information. The answering node disconnects the specified channel from its
preferred path and connects it to the B channel specified by the network.
An activity switch normally occurs when one card is able to give a higher level
of service than the mate card. The following conditions can contribute to a
situation that triggers an activity switch:
Other aggregate
interface card In addition to RAPID and AAR, the following aggregate interface cards can be
redundancy duplicated within the same shelf to protect against card failure:
Figure 3-13 shows two aggregate cards configured for interface redundancy.
When the cards disagree on the severity of an alarm and the active card declares a
more severe error for at least 2 seconds, an activity switch occurs (that is, the
backup card takes over). After an activity switch, the faulty card continues to
monitor the incoming data. If after 3 minutes the faulty card continues to raise
alarms, it is effectively taken out of service and aggregate redundancy for the link
is unavailable until a replacement card is provided. If the faulty card
demonstrates normal operation, fault processing terminates and the card resumes
its backup role.
129
A closer
view
DS3 LAC
Central
Aggregate I/F (a) Regular LAC office
Aggregate I/F (b)
E/O I/F
Protection LAC
3600/3600+
PBX MainStreet node
Central office Customer premises
Transmission facilities Public network
1125
• Severity 1 (highest)
• loss of framing alignment on the E1 link
• loss of incoming signal
• the received data stream is all binary ones, indicating that the far-
end E1 device has lost framing alignment
• Severity 2
• loss of multiframe alignment on the E1 link
• an all ones alarm appears on the signaling channel, indicating an alarm
at the far end of the link
• Severity 3
• severely errored data is received for 10 consecutive seconds, indicating
that the far end may have been taken out of service
• the tolerable framing error rate has been exceeded
• Severity 4
• the far end raises an alarm (other than an all-ones alarm)
130
3. Design
• Severity 1 (highest)
• loss of T1 framing synchronization (Red Alarm)
• loss of incoming signal
• Severity 2
• severely errored data is received for 10 consecutive seconds, indicating
that the far end may have been taken out of service
• the tolerable framing error rate has been exceeded
• Severity 3
• the far end cannot synchronize to the framing of the local
T1 (Yellow Alarm)
• Severity 1 (highest)
• loss of framing alignment
• Severity 2
• the far-end link has raised an alarm
Aggregate power-loss
bypass In the event of power loss, the 1.544 Mb/s T1 (with a T1 LIM) and 2.048 Mb/s E1
cards provide a link bypass relay that routes traffic around the faulty node to
prevent the total loss of traffic in drop and insert or tandem node configurations.
Aggregate card power-loss bypass and interface redundancy are mutually
exclusive.
132
3. Design
The events that invoke trunk conditioning on a port or tandem aggregate channel
depend on the type of aggregate to which the channel is cross-connected. For
example, the following fault conditions can be enabled to trigger trunk
conditioning:
Signaling codes are selectable on a port or timeslot basis. For analog voice ports, the
signaling options include:
• idle, which is normally used at endpoint nodes where the port device is a
PBX connected over an incoming trunk
• seized, which is normally used at endpoint nodes where the port device is
a PBX connected over a two-way or outgoing trunk
Aggregate and 64 kb/s codirectional links also support idle and seized signaling
codes along with the following:
133
A closer
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Control packet The CPSS protocol is a packet-switched system based on the confirmed
switching system datagram service known as Fast Select, which is described in the ITU-T Red
Book (1984), under X.25 specifications. CPSS has built-in link integrity
checking, and supports message retransmission on initial failure and automatic
rerouting on second failure.
• NCI messages (for example, status and control information) to and from the
Alcatel 5620 NM and node management terminal
• ANS information to and from other network nodes
• NCI messages between the control complex and those node elements
with on-card HDLC controllers (ATM Services, Dual T1, Dual T1-2,
Dual E1, Dual E1-2, FRS, X.25 FRE, FRE, and DCP cards, and DTUs)
For communications with a remote Alcatel 5620 NM, and for the exchange of
ANS information with other nodes, CPSS channels can be designated on a variety
of links.
NCI messages can also be communicated using CPSS over the UDP/IP. That is,
NCI messages can be transported inband by IEEE 802.3/Ethernet LANs.
134
3. Design
The initial release of CPSS provided a distance vector routing algorithm (router
version 1) and basic CPSS messaging and link costing options. CPSS v2,
introduced with Release 5.0, better accommodates large, complex networks by
providing:
CPSS bandwidth
between nodes
CPSS channels between nodes or between a node and its locally connected
Alcatel 5620 NM or node management terminal, can be 4 kb/s or n 8 kb/s, up
to 64 kb/s. The bandwidth dedicated to CPSS varies according to node size and
network configuration.
Generally, 4 kb/s is sufficient between feeder nodes and hubs, while 16 kb/s is
sufficient between backbone nodes in medium-sized networks. Within the
3600/3600+ MainStreet unit, the Control card and DCP card provide routing,
sourcing, and termination of CPSS channels. These cards provide HDLC
controllers to support the following CPSS channels:
Control card and DCP card CPSS channels at 4 kb/s use a special 4 kb/s
transparent subrate data format. These channels are converted to an HCM format
when they are multiplexed by an HCM or transparent SRM (located on a DPM2,
a DSP2 card or a DSP3 card), or switched by an SRS DS0 port. Alternatively, a 4
kb/s CPSS channel can be cross-connected to the FDL channel on a T1 link.
Larger networks can employ several DCP cards. Consult your Alcatel
representative for the configuration information appropriate to your network
135
A closer
view
application.
136
3. Design
SONET and SDH Data communications channels are used to provide level 1 intermediate system
data OSI routing in accordance with GR-255-CORE SONET and ITU-T G.784 SDH
communications standards. The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system uses data communications channels
channels to route OSI messages from other SONET or SDH networks to appropriate
destination nodes.
Node and network This section describes the range of synchronization options supported by the
synchronization 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager. Both the eligible
timing sources and the algorithms used to select them are discussed.
Node timing sources The task of synchronizing a 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit to a network is
performed by the Timing card. The timing source that drives the Timing card is
selected from the programmable timing sources available to the system (or the
Stratum-3 system clock can be allowed to free-run). Timing sources can be
configured as either external or derived.
• HSA interfaces
• OC-3 cards
• STM-1 cards
• aggregate interfaces
• ATM Services cards
• Single E1, Dual E1, Dual E1-2, Octal E1 cards
• Single T1, Dual T1, and Dual T1-2 cards
• Optical Extension cards
• MPA cards
• X.21 PRI cards
• X.21 ESI PRI cards
• V.35 PRI cards
• data interfaces
• 64 kb/s Codirectional cards
• BRI S/T cards
• DCCs
The 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit can be configured to select the current source of
synchronization based on a hierarchy of preferred synchronization sources.
Preferred synchronization sources can be predefined using a class system method
(class mode) or by using a quality level method (status message mode).
137
A closer
view
In class mode, the node is assigned a class number of 1 to 14. The source class is
a measure of how desirable a source is: the lower the class number, the more
desirable the source.
In both class and status message mode, if two or more sources have the same
class number or quality level (respectively), the source with the highest priority
is selected. Priority is dictated by a source number assigned to the source (lower
source numbers have a higher priority). Up to four synchronization sources can
be prioritized.
Synchronization methods The programmable timing source that drives the Timing card can be chosen
using one of two methods: standalone synchronization or Automatic Network
Synchronization.
Standalone synchronization
Normally, standalone synchronization is used when a node is used in a
single-ended or point-to-point application. When operating in standalone mode,
the node uses only those timing sources that have been configured at that node.
Preferred standalone synchronization sources are defined using either the class or
synchronization status messaging method.
Status messages are defined for SONET and SDH interfaces and for external
timing input and output DS1 signals in ESF format. Table 3-7 lists the status
messages and their SONET, SDH, and DS1 descriptions.
Sources having a current quality level below a configured quality threshold are
treated as unavailable and are not used for synchronization. For example, a
source with a quality level of DUS cannot become the current synchronization
source for the node.
138
3. Design
The default value for the quality level threshold is ST3, and the range of valid
messages is PRSto ST3. The Timing card internal Stratum 3 clock has a quality
level of ST3 and is always available regardless of the quality level threshold. The
quality level threshold cannot be set to SIC, ST4, or DUS because the Timing
card internal Stratum 3 clock would be selected as the current source before any
source having these quality levels.
If both ANS and status message modes are used for 3600 + MainStreet node
synchronization, there is no direct method to compare class and quality levels;
therefore, a translation table is used to select the best source of timing. The
translation table is configurable through NMTI. Table 3-8 lists the default values
for the translation table.
139
A closer
view
For definitions of the status messages listed in Table 3-8, see Table 3-7.
In a network of Alcatel products running ANS v2, any number of timing sources
can be identified, but only one timing source provides network timing at any
instant within a sector. This timing source is referred to as the sector’s current
timing source.
140
3. Design
Once the network source preferences are identified, a class number (1 to 14) is
assigned to each: the higher the preference, the lower the class number.
Preference may be determined by a source’s accuracy or its reliability, or by
some other factor or combination of factors, depending upon the network and the
timing sources available.
Timing sources can be assigned the same class number provided they can be traced
back to the same source along identical paths (that is, paths that provide no or
equivalent degradation of the timing signal).
When the timing sources have been configured and ANSv2 has been enabled,
each multi-aggregate Alcatel product running ANS v2 in the network
automatically generates a map of all network timing sources. Each time a
configuration change occurs, the map is updated (for example, when a new 3600
+
MainStreet multiplexer is brought online or when a timing source is
reconfigured).
From this map, nodes automatically select the synchronization source with the
lowest class number as their timing source. If the best timing source is accessible
from a number of nodes, the node selects the source that is the fewest number of
hops away (a hop is a link between two pieces of network equipment). ANS v2
information is communicated between nodes using CPSS.
Plesiochronous networks It may be desirable or necessary to define network sectors that have
independent timing hierarchies. For example, an international network may
have a
North American sector synchronized to the Bell System Reference Frequency, a
European sector synchronized to the British Standard Clock, and an
Asia/Pacific sector synchronized to the local PTT clock. Networks designed
with this configuration are called plesiochronous networks.
Because two or more synchronization sources are in use at the same time, frame
slips can occur on aggregate links joining different sectors. With this in mind,
3600/3600+ MainStreet nodes have been designed to behave in a controlled and
predictable manner when used in plesiochronous networks. For example, all
aggregate cards contain slip buffers, and when a slip occurs, the disruption is
limited to the loss or duplication of a single frame at only one node. Frame
synchronization is also maintained during a controlled slip.
The performance categories have been recommended for both voice and data
connections. These values cover all sources of slips, such as temporary loss of
timing control at an intermediate node and slips due to plesiochronous operation.
141
A closer
view
Comparing Tables 3-9 and 3-10, it is evident that only the Stratum-1 and British
Clock Tolerance would meet the ITU-T performance objectives for an end-to-
end connection involving one plesiochronously operated link (that is, a link
between two Stratum-1 clocks provides an MSR of one slip every 72.3 days,
while a link between Stratum-1 and British Standard clocks provides an MSR of
one slip every
34.4 hours). If more links were used in the connection involving further
subnetworks, slip performance would be reduced.
Note
1. Averaged over one or more years.
Stratum-2 (2) 2.2 h 65.1 min 27.1 s 3.9 s 2.0 h 2.5 s 5.0 s
Legend d
= days
h = hours
min = minutes
s = seconds
Notes
1. Stratum-1 clock tolerance 1.0 x 10-11
2. Stratum-2 clock tolerance 1.6 x 10-8
3. Stratum-3 clock tolerance 4.6 x 10-6
4. Stratum-4 clock tolerance 3.2 x 10-5
5. British Standard clock tolerance 1.0 x 10-9
6. ITU-T G.703 clock tolerance 5.0 x 10-5
7. Control card free run clock tolerance 2.5 x 10-5
142
4
Connections
This chapter describes the network and external equipment connections of the
3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager
Network The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system connectors provide the interfaces between
connections voice and data communications equipment, and to the aggregate (public or
private) network.
Table 4-1 lists the location and type of voice interface connectors.
Interface type Card and/or channel unit (1) Connector location (2)
4WTO 4WTO line card Bulkhead
4WDX channel unit Bulkhead
E&M E&M card and E&M channel unit Bulkhead
LGE LGE card and LGE channel unit Bulkhead
LGS LGS card and LGS channel unit Bulkhead
MRD MRD channel unit Bulkhead
2WMRD channel unit Bulkhead
Notes
1. All channel units are installed in a Common Carrier card; the connector location and type listed are those
of the Common Carrier card.
2. All connectors are the 25-pair type.
139
A closer
view
Table 4-2 lists the location and type of data interface connectors.
Notes
1. All channel units are installed in a Common Carrier card; the connector location and type listed are those
of the Common Carrier card.
2. All connectors are the 25-pair type.
3. Available on the 6-circuit version only.
140
4. Connections
Table 4-3 lists the location and type of HSA interface connectors.
Table 4-4 lists the location and type of aggregate interface connectors.
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External Table 4-5 lists the shelf connectors that provide access to power supplies or
equipment external equipment.
connections
Table 4-5: Power supply and external equipment connectors
142
5
System cards
System cards perform high-level functions, such as:
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Test Card
Control
Fac. Equip
AB
C
Tx
Rx
Tx Rx
D
S
Display S1
Serial Port 1 Status
Activity Status
Active Status
Timing
DCE
Control card The Control card provides all common control and node management facilities
for the 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Manager.
A Control card must be installed in the shelf for the 3600 + MainStreet unit to
operate. The Control card needs a Timing card to bring interface cards into
service, and Timing card activity is coupled to the activity of the Control card.
Modules installed on the Control card allow the 3600 + MainStreet unit to
access the full range of narrowband and broadband slots and to maintain an
extra bank of Flash memory.
With no module installed, the Control card provides access to the upper eight
UCS slots (A1 to A8) in the shelf.
144
5. System cards
The Broadband Switching module allows the Control card to interface with the
upper eight UCS slots (A1 to A8), VT-1.5 or TU-12 mapper cards installed in
slot H3, and OC-3 or STM-1 cards installed in slots H1, H2, and H3. The
module provides 155 Mb/s broadband switching at the VT or TU level for each
HSA slot in the shelf.
With both the Narrowband and Broadband modules installed, the Control card
provides access to all 16 UCS slots and the VT-1.5 or TU-12 mapper cards or
the OC-3 or STM-1 cards installed in slots H1, H2, and H3.
The Bank-B Memory module provides the Control card with an extra bank of
Flash memory and SRAM, enabling Class I software upgrading. If a software
generic upgradefails, you can downgrade to the previous generic immediately
since the previous software generic and configuration database are not lost.
Timing card The Timing card generates timing for all cards in a 3600/3600+ MainStreet
shelf. The Timing card allows a 3600/3600+ MainStreet system to synchronize
its timing to any interface in a shelf, and has access to input and output
connectors that allow the card to derive timing from, or generate timing for,
external devices.
The Timing card is an integral part of the control complex. The Control card
needs a Timing card to bring interface cards into service. Timing card activity is
coupled to the activity of the Control card. Each Timing card performs
diagnostics on its own hardware and reports the results to the Control card.
In a nonredundant configuration, you can install the Timing card in either of two
dedicated card slots, TIM-A or TIM-B. These slots are linked to the CTL-A and
CTL-B slots, respectively. Therefore, you must install the Timing card in the
slot that is linked to the slot containing the Control card. In a redundant
configuration, you install Timing cards in both TIM-A and TIM-B slots.
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Test card The Test card provides test access to voice and data circuits through:
• digital access (at the DS0 level) between digital test equipment and any
aggregate card, the 64 kb/s Codirectional card or the OCU-DP channel
unit
• metallic access to the tip and ring pairs of the voice channel units and
the signaling leads of the E&M channel unit
Test module The Test module, which is installed on the Test card, provides analog and digital
tone tests. The module generates an analog or digital sinusoidal test tone which
has a configurable frequency and output level.
The Test module monitors the quality of digital data links, and can be used to
conduct frequency and amplitude tests on cabling connections, external
equipment, channel units, and local digital components.
Common The Common Carrier card acts like an extension of a shelf backplane, enabling the
Carrier card installation of up to four single-circuit channel units. The Common Carrier card is
transparent to the operation of the system and the channel units, and can be
installed in any of the eight shelf UCSs. The signals are passed over two control
serial buses and one data serial bus.
Figure 5-2 shows the four channel unit positions on a Common Carrier card.
Common
Carrier card
(has four channel
unit positions)
15037
146
5. System cards
Control card Tables 5-1 to 5-6 list the Control card configurable features.
configurable
features Table 5-1: Timing and synchronization configurable features
Feature Options
ANS
ANS operation Enabled
Disabled
ANS zones 1 to 255
Link failure recovery time 1 to 255
Link failure threshold 0 to 10
SSU failure recovery time 1 to 255
SSU failure threshold 1 to 5
Standalone timing source
Derived and external timing sources External
Derived
External timing input 8 kHz
2 MHz
1.544 MHz
Composite clock
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Feature Options
Date <dd-MMM-yyyy>
Node name Up to 12 alphanumeric characters (no
spaces, no underscores)
Time <hh:mmA or <hh:mmP or <hh:mmH>
Feature Options
Access level 0 Level 0
No level 0
Access level 5 Level 5 + password
Access levels 1 to 4 Level 1 + password
Level 2 + password
Level 3 + password
Level 4 + password
Feature Options
4 kb/s CPSS 4 kb/s
8 kb/s
16 kb/s
Cost of dedicated CPSS Normal Bias
against
Bias towards
148
5. System cards
Feature Options
Domain number 1 to 32000
Interface speed 4 kb/s
8 kb/s
16 kb/s
48 kb/s
56 kb/s
64 kb/s
NOC number Up to 30 characters
Router version Version 1
Version 2
Satellite delay Satellite
Normal
Feature Options
Activity switch (forced) Release control
Activity switch (programmed) Name of the day
Daily
Time (hh:mmA or <hh:mmP or <hh:mmH)
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Feature Options
Baud rate 300 b/s
600 b/s
1200 b/s
2400 b/s
4800 b/s
9600 b/s
19200 b/s
38400 b/s
Auto baud
CPSS cost Normal
Bias against
Bias toward
Device type VT100
Printer
CPSS
CPSS modem
Call logger
Test card and Tables 5-7 and 5-8 list the Test card and Test module configurable features,
Test module respectively.
configurable
Table 5-7: Test card configurable features
features
Feature Options
Card operation
Card slot Test card
Digital DS0 circuit
25-pair connector Enabled (faceplate connectors disabled)
Disabled (faceplate connectors enabled)
Error correction Enabled
Disabled
Fault signaling code A hexadecimal number: 00 to FF
Interface speed 2.4 kb/s
4.8 kb/s
9.6 kb/s
19.2 kb/s
56 kb/s
64 kb/s
150
5. System cards
Feature Options
Metallic test access connections
25-pair connector Enabled (faceplate connectors disabled)
Disabled (faceplate connectors enabled)
Metallic test access Direct monitor
High-impedance monitor
Split access
4-wire loopback
Feature Options
Card operation
Card modules Test module
No module
Tone tester
Companding law Mu-law
A-law
Line impedance 600
900
Transmission mode 2-wire
4-wire
BERT
Data position F0-B6 to F7-B0
Rate adaption method HCM
Transparent
DDS
Signaling Enabled
Disabled
Transport position B0 to B7
Transport bandwidth 1 to 8
Tone tester maintenance
Analog tone test amplitude –40 to +10 dBm in 1 dB increments
Analog tone test direction Equipment
Facility
Digital tone test amplitude –40 to 0 dBm in 1 dBm increments
Loopback Loopback C
Tone frequency 200 to 3400 Hz in 1 Hz increments
Tone tester test Enabled
Disabled
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Feature Options
Tone type Single tone
White noise
Quiet tone
BERT maintenance
Audible error bell Enable
Disable
BERT pattern n, where n is an integer corresponding to a
BERT pattern
BERT statistics Clear statistics
BER test Enable
Disable
DDS control code n, where n is an integer corresponding to a
DDS control code
DDS control code parameters Show status of last eight MJUs
Show last eight Tx DDS codes
Show last eight Rx DDS codes
152
6
High-speed aggregate cards
The HSA DS3 card provides a high-speed narrowband aggregate interface. The
other HSA cards operate in pairs to map narrowband data onto broadband
circuits. The VT-1.5 mapper and OC-3 cards are used in SONET applications,
and the TU-12 mapper and STM-1 cards are used in SDH applications.
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OC-3 IR OC-3 LR
OC
Local Alarm
DS3 Card
Local Alarm
Remote Alarm
Remote Alarm
Local Alarm
Active Status
Active Active Remote Alarm
Status Status
HSA DS3
OC-3 card OC-3 card
Intermediate reach Long reach
STM-1
STM-1 STM-1 TU-12 mapper VT-1.5 mapper card
Long haul
Short haul Electrical card (16-port or (16-port or 32-port)
32-port)
15286
154
6. High-speed aggregate
cards
HSA DS3 card The HSA DS3 card transports data between a 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit and
other DS3-compatible equipment via a single, 44.736 Mb/s DS3 line interface.
The HSA DS3 card terminates the DS3 rate signal, multiplexes and
demultiplexes the constituent DS1 signals asynchronously, and cross-connects
constituent DS0s to different outgoing signals.
The HSA DS3 card supports a total of 28 T1 line interfaces. If the HSA DS3 card is
installed in either HSA slot 1 or HSA slot 2, a Narrowband Switching module is
required on the Control card.
The HSA DS3 card receives data from a MAU on the 3600/3600+ MainStreet shelf
backplane. BNC connectors on the MAU enable connection to other
DS3-compatible equipment via 75 coaxial cable. The maximum cable length is
137 m (450 ft).
OC-3 card The OC-3 card transports data between a 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit and a
SONET network. The OC-3 card receives VT structured data over a backplane
connection with the VT-1.5 mapper card. The OC-3 card then combines the data
onto broadband STS-1 SONET links.
The OC-3 card is compliant with ANSI and Bellcore standards. It provides
termination of SONET section, line, and STS path overhead layers, and monitors
the VT path overhead layer without signal termination.
STM-1 card The STM-1 card transports data between a 3600 + MainStreet unit and an
SDH network. The STM-1 card receives TU structured data from a backplane
connection with the TU-12 mapper card. The STM-1 card then combines the
data onto broadband AU-3 or AU-4 SDH links.
The STM-1 card is compliant with ITU-T standards. The card provides
termination of the regenerator section, multiplexer section, and high order path
overhead layers. The STM-1 card monitors the LO path overhead layer without
termination.
TU-12 mapper card The TU-12 mapper card is available in 16-port or 32-port variants, and supports:
• 16 or 32 narrowband E1 ports
• 16 or 32 TU-12 broadband circuits
Each narrowband E1 port has the same channelized DS0 bandwidth and
connectivity as an E1 link (2.048 Mb/s).
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VT-1.5 mapper The VT-1.5 mapper card is available in 16-port or 32-port variants, and supports:
card
• 16 or 32 narrowband T1 ports
• 16 or 32 VT-1.5 broadband circuits
Each narrowband T1 port has the same channelized DS0 bandwidth and
connectivity as a standard T1 link (1.544 Mb/s).
Configurable Table 6-1 lists the OC-3, STM-1, TU-12, and VT-1.5 card configurable
parameters parameters. Table 6-2 lists the HSA DS3 card configurable parameters. Table 6-3
lists TCA thresholds and default settings.
Table 6-1: OC-3, STM-1, TU-12, and VT-1.5 card configurable parameters
156
6. High-speed aggregate
cards
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158
6. High-speed aggregate
cards
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160
6. High-speed aggregate
cards
Notes
1. The card must be configured for 1+1 traffic protection.
2. The 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit NET address must be configured before the DCC can be enabled.
3. This option is only available for STS-1, AU-3, and TUG-3 links.
4. This option is only available for STS-1, AU-3, TUG-3, VT, and TU circuits in ring mode.
5. This option is only available for STS-1 links.
6. This option is only available for AU-3 and TUG-3 links.
7. This option is only available for VT-1.5 mapper cards.
Parameter Options
Slot
Card name 0 to 8 characters
Card type Tertiary
DS3 port
Alarm declare and clear time 0.1 to 60 s, in 0.1-s increments
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Parameter Options
DS3 port (continued)
Application M13
C-bit parity
automatic
DS# performance thresholds Line
Path
Line length Short
Long
Local alarm handling Enable AIS alarm
Disable AIS alarm
Protection switching on BER Disable
Error rate
Remote alarm handling Enable RAI alarm
Disable RAI alarm
X-bit monitoring Enable Disable
DS2 port
Alarm declare and clear time 0.1 to 60 s, in 0.1-s increments
Local alarm Enable AIS alarm
Disable AIS alarm
Port name 0 to 8 characters
Remote alarm Enable RAI alarm
Disable RAI alarm
X-bit monitoring Enable Disable
DS1 port
Alarm declare and clear time 0.1 to 60 s, in 0.1-s increments
DS1 framing D4
ESF
DS1 performance monitoring SES threshold
TCA thresholds
Fault classes Red off or on
Yellow off or on
Failed off or on
Error off or on
162
6. High-speed aggregate
cards
Parameter Options
DS0 port
Clear channels NOSIG
RBS OFF
Custom trunk conditioning, ABCD bits 2- or 4-digit code, E&M (idle=0000;
seized=1111)
Custom trunk conditioning, data 8-digit code, primary rate (00000000 to
11111111)
Fault signaling Seized
Idle
OOS-A
OOS-B (ESF only)
OOS-C
None
Note
1. The card must be configured for access or interface traffic protection.
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OFS (2) 1 10
SEFS (3) 1 10
Notes
1. ES, SES, SEFS, UAS, and OFS can be configured with 15-minute thresholds from 0 to 900, and 24-
hour thresholds from 0 to 65535. CV can be configured with 15-minute thresholds from 0 to 16383, and
24-hour thresholds from 0 to 1048575.
2. Applies only to the STM-1 card.
3. Applies only to the OC-3 card.
164
7
Aggregate cards
Aggregate cards provide an interface for aggregate links that can be leased from
service providers in n 64 kb/s increments. The following aggregate cards are
offered to support these interfaces:
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Line 1
Port 1 TX
Port 2 TX Line 1
Out Out TX
Port 3
Port 4 Out
Port 1 RX RX
Line
Port 2 In In RX
Port 3 In
Port 4 Losync Error
Port 5 BP TX Losync Error Line 2
Port 6 TX Line 2 TX
Port 7 Out Out
Port 8
BP RX
LoSync
RX RX
Activity Status In In
Losync Error Status
Losync Error
Status Losync Error
Activity
Status
Status
Status
X.21/ PRI
Card
Line
Losync
Status
Port 1
166
Port 2
Port 3
Port 4
Status
7. Aggregate cards
Octal E1 ATM Services E1 card Dual Dual E1-2 X.21 ESI X.21 PRI MPA
card card E1 card card PRI card card card
Line 1
Line In Out
Mon LN F.Sync M.Sync LIS
EQ
Red Alarm Ylw Alarm Losync Red Yel Losync Error SAI
Li Error Line 2
Monitor Port 1 In Out
Mon LN
Port 2 EQ
Port 3 Red Yel Losync Error
Line 1 LoSync Port 4
RX TX
Error LoSync Port 5
Error Port 6 Status
Port 7 Losync
Port 8
Bypass
Red Alarm Ylw Alarm Losync Error Status
Red Alarm Ylw Alarm Losync Error
Activity Status
Li
Status
Line
Line
Status Status
90-3541-02
Single
Optical Dual T1 card Octal Dual Dual T1-2 V.35 PRI TTC2M
Extension Optical T1 card T1 card card card card
card Extension
card
15304
Li
167
7. Aggregate cards
ATM Services card The ATM Services card is a 4-port card that adapts n 64 kb/s circuit-switched and
m n 8 kb/s packet-switched data for transmission over aggregate links. The
ATM Services card provides three main functions:
For more information about these functions and how the ATM Services card
uses and distributes bandwidth, see chapter 2.
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E1 cards This section describes Single E1, Dual E1, and Dual E1-2 cards. These cards can
be installed in any of the 16 shelf UCSs.
Single E1 card The Single E1 card conforms to ITU-T G.703, G.704, and G.732 specifications.
The card:
• bidirectional
• straight-through transparent
• bypass
Dual E1 card The Dual E1 card conforms to ITU-T G.703 and G.732 specifications at
2.048 Mb/s. The card:
168
7. Aggregate cards
• VCM3, which has a full M60 ADPCM transcoder with bundled, delta
signaling channel
• IFM, which provides the Layer 1 frame alignment enhancements necessary
to conform to the I-CTR-4 ISDN PRI CRC multiframe alignment standard
Dual E1-2 card The Dual E1-2 card conforms to ITU-T G.703 and G.732 specifications at
2.048 Mb/s. The card:
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Octal E1 card The Octal E1 card conforms to ITU-T G.703, G.704, and G.706 specifications at
2.048 Mb/s. The card:
Multiport The MPA card provides four primary rate circuits that can be configured
Aggregate card through software to be DCE or DTE, and to support either RS-530-A, RS-449,
X.21, or V.35 interfaces. The card has two alarm contacts that indicate an out-
of-sync condition on the X.21 interface, making it X.21 ESI-compatible.
The MPA card can connect to a total of 60 DS0s for data transport. Each
interface supports n 48, n 56, or n 64 kb/s channels (where n = 1 to 30).
T1 cards This section describes Single T1, Dual T1, Dual T1-2, and Octal T1 cards.
These cards can be installed in any of the 16 shelf UCSs.
Single T1 card The Single T1 card conforms to the relevant sections of AT&T Channel
Bank specifications Pub 43801 and Pub 62411 at 1.544 Mb/s. The card:
170
7. Aggregate cards
Dual T1 card The Dual T1 card conforms to the relevant sections of AT&T Channel
Bank specifications Pub 43801 and Pub 62411 at 1.544 Mb/s. The card:
• VCM3, which has a full M48 ADPCM transcoder with bundled, delta
signaling channel
• TSM, which dedicates timeslot 24 to pass signaling for the other 23 circuits
on the T1 link, providing 64 kb/s clear channels
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Dual T1-2 card The Dual T1-2 card conforms to the relevant sections of AT&T Channel
Bank specifications Pub 43801 and Pub 62411 at 1.544 Mb/s. The card:
• DRM, which dedicates timeslot 24 to pass signaling for the other 23 circuits
on the T1 link, providing 64 kb/s clear channels; supports loopback
detection on timeslot 24; provides RAPID protection for 24 DS0 super-rate
circuits
• FT1 module, which generates and detects fractional T1 loopback
activation and detection codes according to Annex B ANSI T1.403
172
7. Aggregate cards
Octal T1 card The Octal T1 card conforms to the relevant sections of ANSI T1.403, GR-
499, AT&T Pub 62411, and ITU-T G.704. The Octal T1 card can be used in
similar situations as the T1, Dual T1, and Dual T1-2 cards. The Octal T1
card:
The Octal T1 card does not support the following functionality provided on the
Dual T1-2 card:
• circuit loopback A
• companding conversion
• fractional T1 access
• fault signaling for 24 DS-0 RAPID connections
• timeslot 24 signaling and TS 24 loopback detection
• LIMs
• voice compression
TTC2M card The TTC2M card conforms to TTC Vol. 4 JJ-20.11 specifications. The card:
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UCSs.
V.35 PRI card The V.35 PRI card presents a V.35 interface at the customer premises that provides
n 64 kb/s (where n = 1 to 30) or 56 kb/s. Channelization (framing and signaling)
is maintained by a proprietary scheme that also handles alarm messaging and
internode communications.
X.21 PRI and The X.21 PRI and X.21 ESI PRI cards present an X.21/V.11 interface at the
X.21 ESI PRI customer premises that provides n 64 kb/s (where n = 1 to 30) or 56 kb/s.
cards Channelization (framing and signaling) is maintained by a proprietary scheme that
also handles alarm messaging and internode communications.
The X.21 ESI PRI card is an X.21 PRI card with an interface lead directly
connected to the card’s supervisory channel HCM synchronization status. This
can be used to provide synchronization loss information to the external devices.
The X.21 PRI card and the X.21 ESI PRI card each provide 1 to 30 circuits and
accommodate an aggregate bandwidth of 64 to 1920 kb/s.
174
7. Aggregate cards
The Optical Extension cards support the E1 HDSL LIM, an interface module that
provides a primary rate interface at the DS1 level, and increases the distance
allowed between midspan repeaters in a CSA. The cards must have two installed,
working LIMs to operate properly.
• VCM3, which has a full M60 ADPCM transcoder with bundled, delta
signaling channel
• IFM, which provides the Layer 1 frame alignment enhancements necessary
to conform to the I-CTR-4 ISDN PRI CRC multiframe alignment standard
Configurable Table 7-1 lists the ATMServices card configurable parameters, and indicates which
parameters card variant supports the parameter. Table 7-2 lists the Octal E1 card configurable
parameters. Table 7-3 lists the Octal T1 card configurable parameters. Table 7-4
lists the configurable parameters of all the other aggregate cards, and indicates
which card supports the parameter and (if necessary) which module is required.
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Custom trunk conditioning, data Circuit (TDM parameter) 8-digit code, primary rate (00000000 to ✓ ✓
11111111)
Deactivation timeout IMA group (logical port) 1 to 10000 ms ✓ ✓
176
7. Aggregate cards
Line build-out (T1 only) Physical port DS1: 0.0 dB, –7.5 dB, –15.0 dB or
–22.5 dB
✓ ✓
DSX-1: 0.6 dB, 1.2 dB, 1.8 dB, 2.4 dB
or 3.0 dB
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178
7. Aggregate cards
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Note
1. This option is not configurable when the auto-discovery protocol is used.
180
7. Aggregate cards
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10-4
10-3
Statistics type Link CRC4
HDB3
Super-rate formats Circuit Contiguous
Noncontiguous
Equidistant
182
7. Aggregate cards
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10-5
5 x 10-6
10-6
10-7
Super-rate formats Circuit Contiguous
Noncontiguous
Equidistant
184
7. Aggregate cards
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Dual T1 T1
Dual T1-2
Single T1
MPA MPA
TTC2M TTC2M
CCM Card Enabled Single E1
Disabled Single T1
Channel type Circuit Voice MPA
Data
Circuit inversion Circuit None TTC2M
ADI
Magnitude inversion
186
7. Aggregate cards
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Transparent MPA
Clear channel
E&M
LGS RE
LGS EC
LGS GS
LGS LS
LGS PLAR
LGE RE
LGE EC
LGE GS
LGE LS
R2 digital signaling
188
7. Aggregate cards
In-use TTC2M
Idle
NIS
None
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190
7. Aggregate cards
10-5
10-6
5 10-5
Shield grounding Link or Chassis E1
Slot Rx shield grounding
Rx shield floating Tx
shield grounding Tx
shield floating
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Notes
1. E1 means Single E1, Dual E1, and Dual E1-2 cards; OEC means Single and Dual Optical Extension
cards; T1 means Single T1, Dual T1, and Dual T1-2 cards; X.21 means X.21 PRI and X.21 ESI PRI
cards.
2. Applies to Dual E1-2 card only.
3. Applies to Dual E1 card only.
4. Requires a CSU or CSU-2 module for the Single T1 card. Requires a CSU-2 module for the Dual T1
card.
5. Does not apply to E1 cards.
6. Requires a FAM for the Dual E1-2 card.
7. Applies to Single T1 and Dual T1 cards only.
8. Options 10-7 and 10-6 do not apply to the Dual E1 card.
9. Does not apply to T1 cards.
10. Applies to E1 and T1 cards only.
11. Requires a DSX-1 module or T1 LIM
192
8
Voice interface cards and
channel units
Voice interface cards and channel units provide an interface between voice
circuits and a digital network. Voice interface cards are intended for on-
premises,
short-loop applications that require high-port densities. Voice interface
channel units are intended for off-premises, CO applications that require long-
loop and individual-circuit modularity.
Voice interface cards and channel units are offered that support 4WDX,
4WTO, E&M, LGE, LGS, and MRD interfaces.
The cards can be installed in any of the 16 shelf UCSs. The channel units can be
installed on the Common Carrier card when the power is on or off. For more
information on the Common Carrier card, refer to chapter 5.
Figure 8-1 shows the faceplate of each voice interface card and channel unit.
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Circuit
Line 1 Line 1 Line 1
1 Line 2 Line 2 Line 2
2 Line 3 Line 3 Line 3
3 Line 4 Line 4 Line 4
4 Line 5 Line 5 Line 5
5 Line 6 Line 6 Line 6
6 Line 7
7 Line 8
8 Line 9
9 Line 10
10 Line 11
11 Line 12 Status
Busy Status 12
4WDX
90-
Status Status
Status
LGE MRD
Busy Status Busy Status Busy Status Ringing Status Ringing Status
International International 2WMRD
E&M LGS
90-1755-
90-1228-
90-1230-
7613
194
8. Voice interface cards and channel
units
4WDX channel unit The 4WDX channel unit complies with signaling state requirements contained in
PUB 43801 and applicable sections in Bellcore TR-NWT-000057 Issue 2.
The channel unit:
The 4WDX channel unit is a dual-height channel unit, which occupies two
positions on the Common Carrier card. It can be installed in any two of the first
three channel unit positions on the Common Carrier card.
4WTO line card The 4WTO line card complies with applicable sections in PUB 43801 and
in Bellcore TR-NWT-000057. The card:
E&M interfaces E&M is a signaling arrangement characterized by the use of separate paths
for control and voice signals.
E&M channel unit The E&M channel unit can be configured to function as an E&M trunk or a
PLR trunk. For both trunk types, signaling is performed on separate leads from
the audio transmission paths. The channel unit:
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LGE interfaces LGE interfaces are designed to interface to CO subscriber trunks or PBX lines. LGE
interfaces detect ringing current from the public exchange on an incoming call
and also provide outgoing calling conditions (loop/ground) to the public
exchange.
LGS interfaces LGS interfaces are designed to interface with PBX trunks or standard phones.
Each LGS subscriber interface separates the incoming analog signal into two
streams—one stream for the voice message (information) and another for the
signaling (control). When an LGS interface card is installed in a 3600/3600+
MainStreet shelf, a ringing generator also must be installed.
196
8. Voice interface cards and channel
units
MRD interfaces The MRD channel units support permanent hard-wired connections between two
telephones over a T1 network. A conversion device, such as a PBX or a key
system, is the interface between a telephone and an MRD channel unit.
MRD channel unit The MRD channel unit is used in on -premises applications. The channel unit:
2WMRD channel unit The 2WMRD channel unit is used in on-pre mises or off-premises applications.
The channel unit:
Configurable Table 8-1 lists all the voice interface card and channel unit configurable
parameters parameters, and indicates which card or channel unit (or both) supports each
parameter.
Table 8-1: Voice interface card and channel unit configurable parameters
Type III
Type IV
Type V
Type V with filter
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Nominal
(90-1230-05, 06)
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8. Voice interface cards and channel
units
Nominal
(90-1228-05, 06)
Line impedance Slot See individual descriptions of E&
voice cards and channel units in M
chapter 14.
LGE
LGS
Loop balance Circuit Midpoint capacitor 4WDX channel unit
enable/disable
Build-out capacitance
Build-out resistance
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Notes
1. E&M refers to both E&M cards and channel units; LGE to both LGE cards and channel units; LGS to
both LGS cards and channel units; and MRD to both MRD and 2WMRD channel units.
2. A-law companding is not supported on the LGE channel unit.
3. Restrictions:
- To prevent audio path singing, Tx mute must be enabled on the called circuit.
- While Tx mute is enabled, on-hook line up and test procedures cannot be performed (that is, on-
hook transmission is disabled).
200
9
Data interface cards and
channel units
Data interface cards and channel units provide an interface between local and
remote data devices and a digital network. Alcatel offers data interface cards and
channel units that support the following interfaces:
• 2B+D
• 4-wire DSU/CSU
• 4-wire no signaling
• DSX-0
• full-duplex synchronous (G.703)
• multirate HDSL
• RS-449/V.36
• RS-449/X.21
• RS-530-A
• V.24/RS-232
• V.35
The cards can be installed in any of the 16 shelf UCSs. The channel units can be
installed in any position on the Common Carrier card when the power is on or
off. For more information on the Common Carrier card, refer to chapter 5.
Data interface card and channel unit faceplates are shown in Figure 9-1.
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2B1Q 4WTO
channel unit channel unit
OCU-DP
Synch
Status
Status
DS0-DP
Status
Status Status Status
90-
90-1231-01
OCU-DP DS0-DP
channel unit channel unit
202
9. Data interface cards and channel
units
DNIC line card The DNIC line card connects the 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice
Bandwidth Manager to a data device through a 2600 MainStreet series DTU
using up to 5.8 km (3.6 mi) of standard twisted-pair wire. Each circuit on a
DNIC line card supports one DTU, which provides either two or eight data
interfaces. The card:
2B1Q line card The 2B1Q line card connects the 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit to a data device
through a 2700 MainStreet series DTU using up to 13.9 km (8.7 mi) of standard
twisted-pair wire. Each circuit on a 2B1Q line card supports one DTU, which
provides two data interfaces. The card:
2B1Q channel unit The 2B1Q channel unit provides an ISDN U-interface, which meets standards set
out in ANSI T1.601. The channel unit:
• provides a bidirectional BRI over STP for a distance of up to 5.5 km (3.4 mi)
• provides 2700 MainStreet series DTU termination
• supports ISDN loop extension applications
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27LC2 line card The 27LC2 line card connects the 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit to a data device
through a 2700 MainStreet series DTU using up to 13.9 km (8.7 mi) of standard
twisted-pair wire. Each circuit on a 27LC2 line card supports one DTU, which
provides two data interfaces. The 27LC2 line card:
27LC3 line card The 27LC3 line card provides 12 ports of 2B1Q connectivity for a 2700 MainStreet
series DTU. In addition to providing all the functionality of the 27LC2 line card,
the 27LC3 line card supports:
• subrate multiplexing for all 12 ports when the DPM3 module is added to
the card
• off-card multiplexing
• dedicated CPSS to DTUs that support CPSS
The DPM3 supports HCM and is orderable separately for customers requiring
subrate multiplexing.
28LC line card The 28LC line card connects the 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit to a data device
through a 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU using standard twisted-pair wire.
Multirate HDSL connections allow the card to support various bandwidths for
different line lengths. Each circuit on a 28LC line card supports one DTU,
which provides one data interface.
The 28LC line card supports both the 2-wire (1 Mb/s) 2801 MainStreet HDSL
DTU and the 4-wire (2 Mb/s) 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU. The 4-wire version
of the 2801 MainStreet HDSL DTU can be configured to run in either 2-wire or
4-wire mode.
The 28LC line card has six multirate HDSL interfaces, which can support up to
six 2-wire or three 4-wire multirate HDSL interfaces, or a combination of both.
The 28LC line card is supported only in a double-bandwidth system.
204
9. Data interface cards and channel
units
In the 4-wire configuration, three line speeds are supported (line speed in 4-wire
mode refers to the total speed of both lines):
• When the 2-line mode is selected, the 28LC line card supports two lines at
any given time, with each line supporting up to 31 DS0s.
• When the 6-line mode is selected, the 28LC line card supports connections
on all six lines up to a total of 61 DS0s. The first four lines cannot exceed a
combined total of 32 DS0s, with no more than 31 DS0s allocated to each
line. The remaining 29 DS0s are available for allocation to the other two
lines.
4WTO channel unit The 4WTO channel unit can be used in any 4-wire application where there is no
signaling required. The audio line circuitry is configured to match a 600 line
impedance in both transmit and receive directions. The channel unit:
DS0-DP channel The DS0-DP channel unit complies with Bellcore recommendations
unit TA-TSY-000077 and TR-TSY-000458. The DS0-DP channel unit allows
communication between DS1 and DDS equipment. The channel unit:
BRI S/T card The BRI S/T card provides an ISDN S/T interface, which meets standards set
out in ITU-T I.430. The card:
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64 kb/s The 64 kb/s Codirectional card conforms to ITU-T specification G.703. The card:
Codirectional card
• provides four G.703 compatible, 64 kb/s codirectional circuit interfaces
with AIS detection
• supports unidirectional (one-way and broadcast) and bidirectional
connections
OCU-DP channel The OCU-DP channel unit provides a single user interface between an incoming
unit DS0-A stream to a 4-wire synchronous digital data customer loop. The OCU-
DP channel unit allows interconnection of customer-premises DSU/CSUs to the
switched network.
The OCU-DP channel unit is compatible with any DSU/CSU that meets
PUB 62310, ANSI T1.403, and is compliant with Bellcore
recommendations
TA-TSY-00077 and TA-TSY-00083. The channel unit is also compatible with any
switched 56 kb/s service provider-approved DSU/CSU.
RS-232 DCC The RS-232 DCC meets or exceeds EIA RS-232C and ITU-T V.24
electrical specifications. The card:
RS-422 DCC The RS-422 DCC provides four full-duplex interfaces. Each interface can
be independently configured as RS-530-A, RS-449 (V.36), X.21, or V.35.
The RS-530-A and RS-449 interfaces meet or exceed RS-422-A (for category I
signals) and RS-423-A (for category II signals) electrical specifications and V.24
functional specifications. The X.21 interface meets or exceeds V.11 electrical
specifications and X.24 functional specifications. The V.35 interface meets or
exceeds V.11/V.10 electrical specifications and V.24 functional specifications.
The RS-422 DCC can be provisioned with a Slip Buffer module, which provides
each RS-422 DCC interface with a bidirectional buffer. Each buffer can be
independently configured as 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 bytes deep. The Slip Buffer module
206
9. Data interface cards and channel
would typically be used for satellite units
tail circuits and plesiochronous applications.
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V.35 DCC The V.35 DCC meets or exceeds ITU-T V.35 electrical specifications. The card:
X.21 DCC The X.21 DCC meets or exceeds ITU-T X.21 electrical specifications and meets
a subset of EIA RS-449. The card:
Configurable Table 9-1 lists the configurable parameters for data interface cards and channel
parameters units. A full range of options is listed for each parameter, although not all options
apply to every card or channel unit on which the parameter can be configured.
Tables 9-2 to 9-4 list the control signal classifications, interface speeds, and rate
adaption.
Table 9-1: Data interface card and channel unit configurable parameters
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9. Data interface cards and channel
units
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210
9. Data interface cards and channel
units
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2.4 OCU-DP
4.8
9.6
19.2
56
64
Interface type Slot RS-499/V.36 RS-422
RS-530-A
X.21
V.35
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9. Data interface cards and channel
units
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214
9. Data interface cards and channel
units
Notes
1. 2B1Q means both 2B1Q line cards and 2B1Q channel units; DCC means RS-232, RS-422, X.21,
and V.35 DCCs.
2. This option applies to RS-422 DCCs only.
3. This feature applies only to non-ISDN applications (for example, loop extensions).
Table 9-2: Data interface card and channel unit control signals
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Note
1. 2B1Q means both 2B1Q line cards and 2B1Q channel units.
216
9. Data interface cards and channel
units
Table 9-3: Data interface card and channel unit interface speeds
Notes
1. 2B1Q means both 2B1Q line cards and 2B1Q channel units.
2. Odd super-rate speeds are available for the V.35, X.21, and RS-422 DCCs with gate array revision
2.
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Table 9-4: Data interface card and channel unit rate adaption requirements
Note
1. 2B1Q means both 2B1Q line cards and 2B1Q channel units; DCC means RS-232, RS-422, X.21, and
V.35 DCCs.
218
9. Data interface cards and channel
units
219
10
Application and packet switching
cards
Application and packet switching cards are used in conjunction with the aggregate
cards, and with voice and data interface cards and channel units, to provide
additional specialized functionality.You can install these cards in any of the 16 shelf
UCSs.
Figure 10-1 shows the faceplate of each application and packet switching card.
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Mode
Data Processor
Activity Status
Status Status Status
Status
Status
IMC
FRE FRS PE
card
card card card
7681
220
10. Application and packet switching
cards
Call Processing The CPC supports the ISDN backup application. The ISDN backup application
card provides RAPID protection for leased lines, using ISDN alternate paths. The CPC
provides backup for 2 (basic rate), 23 (T1 primary rate), or 30 (E1 primary rate)
64 kb/s B channels. The card:
Data The DCP card is a general-purpose platform that provides high-capacity HDLC
Communications switching capability. The DCP card is typically used in large networks, in nodes
Processor card with high CPSS traffic, in networks with large numbers of 3612 MainStreet
Narrow-band Multiplexers (using 4 kb/s CPSS), and for CPSS over satellite
links. The card:
When used for high-speed CPSS routing, the DCP card maintains a separate
switching table and removes most of the CPSS messaging burden from the Control
card. When configured for 4 kb/s CPSS, eight circuits are set aside (circuits 23
through 31) for 4 kb/s use; the remaining 23 circuits are available for n 8 kb/s
CPSS, where n 8.
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Digital Signal The DSP cards and the IMC process DSP-based applications for interface cards.
Processing cards The DSP-based applications are maintained in a library and are downloaded to the
and modules, and DSP circuits on DSP cards and on the IMC to process inputs from interface cards.
Inverse The Control card holds the library from which the DSP cards and the IMC
Multiplexing cards download the applications.
DSP modules provide additional DSP links for the cards on which they are
installed. The FAX/HCV module provides combined G3 fax and HCV voice
compression.
There are two DSP module variants, six DSP card variants, and one IMC variant,
each providing different levels of processing power. The cards and modules
support the following applications:
FRE card The FRE card provides the ability to switch the output of the frame relay
interfaces offered by end-user devices over any primary rate or data link. The
FRE card switches frames arriving on an incoming logical data link to an
outgoing logical
data link (over the backplane bus), according to user-configured DLCs.
There are two variants of the FRE card: standard and X.25.
222
10. Application and packet switching
cards
X.25 FRE card The X.25 FRE card provides complete, standards-compliant X.25 switching
capabilities, and supports most of the features available on the standard FRE
card for frame relay switching. For more information about X.25 switching, see
chapter 2.
FRS card The FRS card provides the ability to switch the output of the frame relay
interfaces offered by end-user devices over any primary rate or data link. The
FRS card switches frames arriving on an incoming logical data link to an
outgoing logical
data link (over the backplane bus), according to user-configured DLCs.
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Configurable Tables 10-1 (CPC), 10-2 (DCP card), 10-3 (DSP cards and IMC) and 10-4
parameters (FRS, FRE, and PE cards) list all the application and packet switching card
configurable parameters. Table 10-5 lists the SRIM configurable features.
224
10. Application and packet switching
cards
Subaddress None
1 to 7 characters
Subaddress None
1 to 7 characters
Retries Circuit (index) 0 to 12
Infinite
Verify/nonverify (incoming call) Circuit (index) Enable
Disable
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226
10. Application and packet switching
cards
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228
10. Application and packet switching
cards
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230
10. Application and packet switching
cards
Notes
1. The DSP5 card supports an 8 kb/s bit rate when A-CELP (G.729 and G.729A) voice compression is
configured. It supports an 8 or 16 kb/s bit rate with HCV voice compression and 9.6, 12.8, and 16 kb/s
bit rates with LD-CELP voice compression. AVoFR uses A-CELP voice compression for an 8 kb/s
bit rate.
2. This option applies to CS-A-CELP (G.729A) voice compression. CS-A-CELP (G.729A) is of a lower
complexity than CS-A-CELP (G.729) voice compression. If AVoFR is configured and this option is
selected, 10 DSP circuits are allocated for AVoFR operation.
3. This option is supported on DSP5 cards configured for A-CELP voice compression and
AVoFR.
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232
10. Application and packet switching
cards
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Protocol type Frame stream LMI User, Network, Network Extended FRS
ANSI T1.617 Annex D User, Network, FRE
Bidirectional PE
ITU-T Q.933 Annex A User, Network,
Bidirectional (= Annex A Network)
No protocol
Auto discovery (network mode) (3)
DLC No port FRE
Annex A bidirectional (5)
Annex B bidirectional (5)
Protocol subchannel DLC 0 to 255 FRE
234
10. Application and packet switching
cards
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Notes
1. This option applies only to FRS cards equipped with a SRIM.
2. The card CPU takes the same congestion clear time and congestion raise time values as those configured for the switch. Congestion
filtering is always enabled on the CPU, regardless of the configuration for the switch.
3. The auto-discovery option sets the auto-discovery protocol through the protocol type parameter, even though the auto-discovery protocol is
not a link management protocol.
4. This option is configurable as heartbeat, timeout, or status rate.
5. This option is not configurable if the auto-discovery protocol is used.
236
10. Application and packet switching
cards
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Subrate 1 to 8 (x 8 kb/s) –
stream
Transport position Subrate B7 to B0 Rate adaption: HCM
stream
X.50 method Circuit Div. 2 SRIM mode: X.50 or HCM
Div. 3
238
Management
11
Management overview
Alcatel management products enable service providers to push the limits of
efficient networking and service provisioning. The management portfolio
includes a full complement of products for managing a growing, carrier-scale,
multiservice network. Alcatel management products provide harmonized
solutions that are optimized to minimize network complexity and control the
total cost of ownership.
241
Management
Types of The TMN reference model defined by the ITU-T provides service providers
management with layered management functionswithin a framework for the integrated
management of a communications network. Figure 11-1shows the management
layers.
Business
management
Service
A Open management
c interfaces c
o
u
n
t
Open Network
ni interfaces g management
Node
management
14765
The node management layer consists of management processes used to operate the
elements that make up the network infrastructure.
Open interfaces are a method OSSs use to manage the network and service layers.
242
11. Management overview
Service management
products
The suite of Alcatel and CrossKeys service management products leverages the
Alcatel network management products and includes:
The Alcatel 5740 SSM interprets and displays network events in terms of their
impact on subscribers and services. The Alcatel 5740 SSM provides JAVA-
based GUIs for service providers who provide web-based access.
VPNs are identified as subscriber sites and services. All configuration, fault, and
performance management of each VPN is presented through this subscriber and
service identification. Network services and events are shown as a visual map and
presented in terms of their impact on subscribers and services. The Alcatel 5730
VSM provides JAVA-based GUIs for service providers who provide web-based
access.
CrossKeys Resolve Si
CrossKeys Resolve Si is a software application that correlates network
information to provide an end-to-end service view by linking subscriber
information and QoS objectives. It manages service performance from a
subscriber perspective and provides the necessary information to ensure delivery
of high-value services that meet the subscriber requirements.
243
Management
Network The Alcatel network management portfolio includes a full complement of related
management management products for managing a growing, carrier-scale, multiservice
network.
• fault management
• configuration management
• accounting
• performance management
• security functions
With the Alcatel 5620 NM, network operators have an easy-to-use GUI to
perform the following across a full range of ATM, frame relay, IP, X.25, and
TDM elements:
Table 11-1 describes some of the features of the Alcatel 5620 NM.
Feature Description
Sophisticated A relational database tracks the status of most of the MIB objects in the
network modeling underlying network elements.
Redundancy Service providers can deploy two Alcatel 5620 NM stations: one in
active mode and the other in standby mode.
Scalability The Alcatel 5620 NM offers unparalleled scalability to support networks of up
to 25 000 resources, 5000 nodes, over 250 000 SPVCs, over
1 000 000 SVCs, and up to 255 network operators.
Configuration Network nodes and resources can be configured down to the port and circuit
management level.
Partitioning Service providers can design network sharing structures so that they can
assign as much or as little of the network as required.
244
11. Management overview
Feature Description
Connection Sophisticated access/backbone link and connection-management
provisioning and capabilities provide precise control over bandwidth usage and
activation connection routing for the following connection types:
• Layer 3
• Layer 2
• Layer 1
• PVCs, SPVCs, and SVCs
• IP services
Network map The network navigation map displays the network hierarchy and a structured
representation and view of the network. Icons represent individual elements and information about
navigation the connections between them.
Node The Alcatel 5620 NM automatically detects new nodes in the network and
autodiscovery immediately initiates a process to reconcile node details into its
management database.
Customized Service providers can represent the network in ways that are most meaningful
network views to the operator.
Fault management Network faults are immediately visible. Sophisticated tools for diagnostics
and maintenance functions aid in the recovery process.
Real-time status An advanced real-time GUI provides visibility of the status of all network
reporting components down to the port and circuit level.
Real-time performance Operators have real-time views of the performance of elements in the
monitoring network.
Trouble ticketing Network status changes result in the automatic generation of trouble tickets
to aid in recording and tracking network faults.
Alarms Service providers can configure network elements to send alarms to the Alcatel
5620 NM.
Fault notifications: Alarms or trouble tickets are exported in real time to other management
CMIP and SNMP systems in the form of CMIP notifications or SNMP trap messages.
Diagnostics and Physical port loopbacks and busy-outs, in-band ATM OAM loopback and
maintenance continuity testing, and the capability to perform on-node and
off-node maintenance connections, are powerful tools that enable
customers to carry out their own diagnostics and maintenance.
Path rerouting and The automatic connection recovery capability attempts to reroute all
recovery connections around any trunk failure because of a physical layer alarm.
If a network failure results in the loss of continuity of an end-to-end
connection, the Alcatel 5620 NM automatically attempts to move the service to
an alternate access point.
245
Management
Some Alcatel nodes can send SVC accounting data records to the Alcatel 5620 NM
Data Collector for processing, aggregation, formatting, rating, and validation.
The Alcatel 5620 NM Data Collector can send the data to the CrossKeys
NetworkWare KeyBill for flexible billing mediation options, to KeyInfo for
network reporting, and to KeyNotes for operator-to-operator communications.
The separate networks may belong to one service provider or are recognized
through partnerships with other service providers. Consolidating the
management of multiple networks enables service providers to extend the
geographical coverage of their services to include partner networks, while
continuing to enjoy
single-touch end-to-end provisioning and service assurance as if they had a single,
integrated network.
246
11. Management overview
Related network
management products
Alcatel provides a number of network management products that complement
the Alcatel 5620 NM. These products share the LAN used by the Alcatel 5620
NM and include the:
CrossKeys Resolve Ni
CrossKeys Resolve Ni is a software application that enables network operators
to explore and analyze networks from every angle to achieve rapid and
comprehensive understanding of network performance.
247
Management
SNMP support SNMP is a management protocol used to set and monitor network configuration
and runtime parameters of entities in a TCP/IP LAN. The Alcatel 5620 NM
provides three levels of SNMP support for SNMP-managed devices:
• control commands
• statistics for performance monitoring
• alarms for diagnostic purposes
• configuration status data
CPSS messages travel through in-band or out-of-band CPSS links. In-band CPSS
links use the same medium that subscriber traffic uses, such as a T1 link between
two 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice Bandwidth Managers. Out-of-band
CPSS links use a different medium than that used by subscriber traffic, such as an
RS-232 link between the Alcatel 5620 NM and a 3600/3600+ MainStreet system.
Connection methods Network management equipment can connect to the 3600 + MainStreet system
through network or serial connections.
Network connections
When the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system is connected to the Alcatel 5620 NM
through a network connection, CPSS messages travel in band over CPSS links
that use any of the following network links:
Serial connections
When the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system is connected to the Alcatel 5620 NM
through a serial connection, CPSS messages travel out of band over CPSS links
that use the RS-232 ports on the control and DCP cards.
248
11. Management overview
Node management The Alcatel element management portfolio provides a comprehensive suite of
tools for managing nodes such as the 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit.
Node management
products The node management products include the:
• node configuration
• monitoring
• diagnostics
• database backup and restoration
• fault management
• software upgrades
See chapter 12 for information about node management sessions and the node
management products used to conduct them.
249
Management
The 5520 EM can be used to develop device descriptor files. Device descriptor
files are value-added products that interface between the 5520 EM and SNMP
nodes by interpreting SNMP messages. The files are easily developed and
modified.
CrossKeys CrossControl
The CrossKeys CrossControl products extend the Alcatel 5620 NM applications
to the management of third-party equipment. Third-party equipment can be
completely managed from the Alcatel 5620 NM, including equipment
configuration, fault management, and end-to-end 1/0 or 3/1 connection
management.
Open interfaces The Alcatel management portfolio includes open interfaces for service and
network management using either CMIP or CORBA. These interfaces are
scalable,
TMN-standards-based OSS gateways that allow other OSSs to access and control
networks managed by the Alcatel 5620 NM, Alcatel 5740 SSM, or Alcatel 5730
VSN through an object-oriented MIB.
Open interface products The Alcatel open interface products are the:
250
11. Management overview
251
12
Node management
This chapter describes node management sessions and the node management
products used to conduct them. Most node management functions can also be
performed from network managers (see chapter 11).
Node management A node management session is the time during which you use the standard,
sessions menu-driven user interface, known as the NMTI, to perform configuration and
maintenance operations on the 3600 + MainStreet system. Because this user
interface is common to all 3600 MainStreet series bandwidth manager
systems, training is greatly reduced.
253
Management
All common control and node management facilities for the system are
performed through the Control card NMTI. In addition, the following cards and
DTUs support integral node management sessions:
• CPC
• FRS card
• FRE card
• X.25 FRE card
• PE card
• 2751, 2752, and 2753 MainStreet DTUs
254
12. Node management
Active and inactive cards Cards can be active or inactive, depending on their redundancy configuration.
You can initiate a node management session with either the active or inactive
node. For control-redundant shelves, the operating Control card is called active;
the standby Control card is called inactive.
Any configuration change made during a node management session with the
active card is applied to the system immediately. Any configuration change made
during a node management session with the inactive card is not applied to the
system until an activity switch occurs. This allows in-service system upgrades
with little or no interruption of service: a new revision of system software can be
installed on the inactive card while the system is operating, and when the
installation is complete an activity switch can be configured to bring the new
software online.
System serial ports A node management station can be connected to one of two RS-232 ALAPB
system serial ports. System serial ports are accessible on the bulkhead of
3600/3600+ MainStreet shelves and on the faceplates of some cards.
Configuration Complete configuration of the 3600/3600+ MainStreet system, including all slot
and cross- and circuit parameters, can be performed before UCS cards and modules have
connections been installed. The configuration database of any node, or any card and DTU
that supports an integral NMTI, can be downloaded in a newly commissioned
system to reduce the time required to configure basic attributes.
You can copy operating parameters (except the circuit name and connection)
from one circuit to another.
Database All node connection and configuration information (collectively called the
management configuration database) for nodes is stored in NVM on the Control card. Any
card that supports an integral NMTI stores its own configuration database. The
configuration databases of DTUs (including those that support an integral NMTI)
are stored in NVM on the Control card.
Checking the NVM The NVM can be checked to determine whether the configuration database
has been corrupted. An NVM problem may be fixed by restoring the database.
255
Management
Backup and restore The database of a node or card, or DTU that has NVM can be backed up to an
external device. If the node database becomes corrupted, it can be restored from
the backup file through a node management session.
The backup file from one node can also be used to restore the database to another
node of the same type. This facilitates configuring a series of nodes with
identical databases. The node number and node name are not affected by a
database restore.
Reconcile The configuration database for cards that have NVM is divided between the
card NVM and the NVM of the Control card. If inconsistencies develop
between the two configuration databases, the NVM of the card can be
configured to match the database of the Control card. This process is called
reconciliation.
Database
management access All database management operations are performed through a node management
session with the appropriate card. The availability of database management
operations is dependent upon:
Notes
1. All operations on an active node or on any card or DTU that has NVM require access to an external
device in order to back up, verify or restore the configuration database file.
2. A restore operation cannot be performed through a node management session with an Alcatel 5521
EM connected indirectly to the node through a modem.
3. Available only through a Craft Interface or Alcatel 5521 EM session.
256
12. Node management
Maintenance and The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system offers an extensive suite of maintenance and
diagnostics diagnostic applications that facilitate network monitoring and problem isolation.
Maintenance and diagnostic applications are:
• loopbacks
• signaling lead control
• alarm monitoring
• statistics gathering
• diagnostics
• digital connection maintenance
• digital and metallic split and monitor test access
Loopbacks are available on all voice and data circuits, on individual channels on the
primary rate link, and on the primary rate link as a whole.
Signaling lead control The incoming and outgoing signaling leads on the 3600/3600+ MainStreet
system can be examined, and the outgoing signaling leads can be changed to
force conditions at the far end. Table 12-2 shows the supported incoming and
outgoing signaling leads.
257
Management
Alarm monitoring The cards and shelves are continuously monitored for abnormal conditions or
significant events. When an abnormal condition is detected or a significant event
occurs, an alarm record is created. For more information about alarm handling,
see chapter 1.
Statistics gathering The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system gathers the following types of statistics:
Diagnostics The cards and channel units in 3600 + MainStreet systemscan perform a number
of system-wide and circuit-specific diagnostic tests. Some tests are performed
during the power-up procedure, while others can be enabled to take place
automatically as a background task or on a directed basis. System commands,
given through a node management session, can enable or disable diagnostics or
perform a specified test repeatedly.
Diagnostics do not busy out a circuit or remove it from service. If the circuit is
required for a call while a test is in progress, the test on that circuit is terminated.
Similarly, diagnostics are not performed on busy circuits.
258
12. Node management
1 Program Integrity Performs a checksum over the entire program space and
Flash memory of the active Control card memory bank.
2 RAM Integrity Performs a read and write test over the entire range of
RAM.
3 Nonvolatile RAM Integrity Performs a checksum of NVM space.
4 Tone Generator Self Test 1 Compares the tone from the Timing card to known tone
data.
5 Tone Generator Self Test 2 Applies and checks a tone from the Timing card to a
frequency detector within the Timing card.
6 Digital Loopback test Tests 4WDX, 4WTO, E&M, LGS, LGE, MRD, T1,
and E1 circuits by performing digital loopbacks on a
circuit and SMACing the data patch over a specified
time.
7 Analog Loopback Test 1 Tests 4WDX, 4WTO, E&M, LGS, LGE, and MRD
circuits by using the Timing card to perform a digital
loopback from the codec and applying a 1 kHz tone at 0
dBm0. The system detects the tone.
8 Analog Loopback Test 2 Tests 4WDX, 4WTO, E&M, LGS, LGE, and MRD
circuits by using the Timing card to loop back at the
external analog point of the interface and applying a
digital tone. The system detects the tone.
9 Frequency Test Tests 4WDX, 4WTO, E&M, LGS, LGE, and MRD
circuits by using the Timing card to loop back at the
external analog point of the interface and applying a
digital tone. Listen for the tone with a frequency
detector.
15 Narrowband Switch Matrix Compares the contents of the DS0 connection memory on
Integrity the DS0 switching matrix to a copy of the connection
memory stored in the local RAM. If a Narrowband module
is installed on the Control card, the switching matrix on
that module is also tested.
16 Broadband Switch Matrix Compares the contents of the broadband connection
Integrity memory on the broadband switching matrix to a copy of the
connection memory stored in local RAM.
Note
1. The diagnostic tests are described in the order in which the tests are performed.
Digital connection
maintenance
Digital connection maintenance provides access to the data paths through the
central switching matrix of the 3600/3600+ MainStreet unit, so that data and
signaling carried between two connected target circuits can be verified and
changed by some additional maintenance circuits.
259
Management
Monitor maintenance
This is a nonintrusive maintenance function that provides listen-only access to a
connection. External test equipment is used to monitor the connection.
260
12. Node management
Network
TestTest
equipmentequipment
11219
Split-through maintenance
This is an intrusive maintenance function that inserts the maintenance circuits in
the data and signaling path between the target circuits. External test equipment
is used to insert and monitor test patterns.
Network
TestTest
equipmentequipment
11221
261
Management
Split-back maintenance
This is an intrusive maintenance function that establishes a bidirectional data
and signaling path between each target circuit and its maintenance circuit.
External test equipment is used to insert and monitor test patterns.
11218
Terminate-and-leave maintenance
Figure 12-4 shows how bidirectional terminate-and-leave maintenance is applied
when there is no other connection maintenance.
TC = trunk conditioning
11220
262
12. Node management
Metallic test connections provide direct metallic access to tip and ring pairs from
the faceplate of the Test card, and are supported on the 4WTO line card, and
4WDX, 4WTO, E&M, LGE, LGS, and MRD channel units.
• direct monitor
This monitors the facility tip and ring pairs (see Figure 12-5).
• high impedance monitor
This monitors the facility tip and ring pairs with a balanced impedance buffer
between the facility circuit and the Test card (see Figure 12-5).
• metallic split access
This splits the connection between the equipment and the facility, and brings
the tip, ring and signaling pairs to the Test card (see Figure 12-6).
• 4-wire loopback
This loops back the tip to the tip return and the ring to the ring return on both
the equipment and the facility sides of the connection (see Figure 12-7).
Test card
11213
263
Management
Test card
11214
Test
card
T T
1 1
R R
11215
264
Technical specifications
13
System specifications
This chapter lists the standards to which the 3600/3600+ MainStreet Multiservice
Bandwidth Manager conforms and provides specifications for its system
components.
Power supplies Power Supply cards regulate the input power from dc feeds to provide the
various voltages required by the shelf for use by the system, interface and
application cards. The Power Supply card input specifications are as follows:
The Alcatel ringing generator unit supplies 71 to 79 V rms (75 V rms, nominal)
ringing voltage at 16, 20, or 25 Hz (user-selectable).
26
7
Technical
specifications
External timing External timing sources and receivers can be connected to the 3600 + MainStreet
inputs and unit to derive or generate system timing.
outputs
External timing source The 3600/3600+ MainStreet system supports two input ports and two output
ports and supports the following input and output types:
• NRZ
• 8 kHz
• 2.048 MHz
• AMI
• 64 kb/s composite clock
• 1.544 Mb/s DS1
Table 13-1 identifies the connectors used when connecting an external timing
input or output device to a shelf.
Table 13-1: External timing input and output connectors for 36+00MainStreet
shelves
26
8
13. System specifications
Description Document
Network attachment IC CS-03
FCC Part 68
BS 6450 Part 4 (replaces OTR001)
CTR1-4
CTR12-15,17
Digital interfaces T1.105
T1.231
GR-0253-CORE
GR-1400-CORE
TR-1244
G.707/708/709
G.823/824/235
G.781/782/783
G.957/958
Product safety CSA C22.2 No 225
CSA C22.2 No 950
UL1459 Second Edition
UL1950 Second Edition
FDA CDRH 21 CFR 1040 (Laser)
EN 41003:1993
EN 60950:1992
EN 60825 (Laser)
271
Technical
specifications
272
14. Voice interface
specifications
273
Technical
specifications
274
14. Voice interface
specifications
Specification Variant
90-1755-01 90-1755-02
2-wire impedance 900 + 2.16 F 600 + 2.16 F
900 + 2.16 F
Balance impedance Fixed short (900 + 2.16 F) Fixed short (900 + 2.16 F) Fixed
Fixed long (1650 // 100 + 5 nF) (1) long (1650 // 100 + 5 nF)
Adapt/freeze Adapt/freeze
Continuous adapt
275
Technical
specifications
Specification Variant
90-1755-01 90-1755-02
Return loss
ERL 28 dB minimum 28 dB minimum
SRL/SRH 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum
Ringing frequency 20 Hz 20 Hz
Ringers per line 5 REN maximum 5 REN maximum
Ringing voltage 75 V rms 75 V rms
Signal to distortion (A/D or D/A)
0 to –30 dBr > 35 dB > 35 dB
–30 to –40 dBr > 29 dB > 29 dB
–40 to –45 dBr > 25 dB > 25 dB
TLP range
Transmit –12 to 0 dBr –12 to +6 dBr
Receive –10 to +6 dBr –10 to +6 dBr
Notes
1. // = in parallel with
2. Relative to gain at 1004 Hz.
Specification Variant
90-0343-02 90-0343-03 90-0343-04 90-0343-05 90-0343-11
Channel crosstalk < –65 dBm0 < –65 dBm0 < –65 dBm0 < –65 dBm0 < –65 dBm0
Companding law Mu-law A-law Mu-law Mu-law A-law
Dial pulsing < 20 pps < 20 pps < 20 pps < 20 pps < 20 pps
detection speed
(trunk input duty
cycle 40 to 60%)
External circuit 1750 1750 1750 1750 1750
resistance
Frequency
response (analog
+0.5 to –2.0 dB +0.5 to –2.0 dB +0.5 to –2.0 dB +0.5 to –2.0 dB +0.5 to –2.0 dB
subsection) into
600
276
14. Voice interface
specifications
Specification Variant
90-0343-02 90-0343-03 90-0343-04 90-0343-05 90-0343-11
Ground resistance
Tip < 850 < 850 < 850 < 850 < 850
Ring (nominal) 400 400 400 400 400
Leakage resistance
Feed removal > 10 k > 10 k > 10 k > 10 k > 10 k
Tip open > 10 k > 10 k > 10 k > 10 k > 10 k
Line impedance 600 600 600 + 2.16 F 900 + 2.16 F 600
600 + 2.16 F 370 + (620 // 370 + (620 //
0.31 F) (1) 0.31 F)
900 + 2.16 F
Longitudinal balance (average)
50 Hz to 200 Hz > 50 dB > 50 dB > 50 dB > 50 dB > 50 dB
0.2 to 1.0 kHz > 58 dB > 58 dB > 58 dB > 58 dB > 58 dB
1.0 to 4.0 kHz > 55 dB > 55 dB > 55 dB > 55 dB > 55 dB
Longitudinally 50 V rms 50 V rms 50 V rms 50 V rms 50 V rms
induced voltage
(maximum)
Maximum 110 mA 110 mA 110 mA 110 mA 110 mA
operating current
Minimum operating 20 mA 20 mA 20 mA 20 mA 20 mA
current
Maximum signal power measured across leads
A/D (from line) 6.0 dBm 6.0 dBm 6.0 dBm 6.0 dBm 6.0 dBm
D/A (to line) 6.0 dBm 6.0 dBm 6.0 dBm 6.0 dBm 6.0 dBm
Return loss
SRL > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB
ERL > 28 dB > 28 dB > 28 dB > 28 dB > 28 dB
Ring load nominal 20 k + 1 F 20 k + 1 F 20 k + 1 F 20 k + 1 F 20 k + 1 F
Ringing frequency
Minimum 17 Hz 17 Hz 17 Hz 17 Hz 17 Hz
Maximum 30 Hz 30 Hz 30 Hz 30 Hz 30 Hz
Ringing voltage
Minimum 40 V rms 40 V rms 40 V rms 40 V rms 40 V rms
Maximum 110 V rms 110 V rms 110 V rms 110 V rms 110 V rms
277
Technical
specifications
Specification Variant
90-0343-02 90-0343-03 90-0343-04 90-0343-05 90-0343-11
TLP range (dB)
Transmit –4.5 to +3.0 at –4.5 to +3.0 0.0 to –7.0 0.0 to –7.0 –4.5 to +3.0
600
–6.5 to +1.0 at
900
–13.5 to +2.0 at –13.5 to +2.0 –13.0 to +2.0 –14.0 to +1.0 –13.5 to +2.0
600
Receive
–15.5 to 0.0 at
900
Trans-hybrid loss into nominal impedance, short loop selected
SRL > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB
ERL > 30 dB > 30 dB > 30 dB > 30 dB > 30 dB
Trunk-to-trunk background noise
C message 3 < 20 dBmC0 < 20 dBmC0 < 20 dBmC0 < 20 dBmC0 < 20 dBmC0
kHz flat < 30 dBmC0 < 30 dBmC0 < 30 dBmC0 < 30 dBmC0 < 30 dBmC0
Psophometric < 25 dBrnC0 < 25 dBrnC0 < 25 dBrnC0 < 25 dBrnC0 < 25 dBrnC0
Note
1. // = in parallel with
Specification Variant
90-1229-01 90-1229-02
Balance impedance Matched impedance Matched impedance
Compromise impedance with loaded Compromise impedance with loaded
cable 1650 // (100 + 5 nF) (1) cable 1650 // (100 + 5 nF)
Adapt and freeze Adapt and freeze
278
14. Voice interface
specifications
Specification Variant
90-1229-01 90-1229-02
Impulse noise threshold level
10 hits in 30 min maximum 41 dBrnC0 41 dBrnC0
1 hit in 30 min maximum 51 dBrnC0 51 dBrnC0
0.1 hits in 30 min maximum 58 dBrnC0 58 dBrnC0
Line impedance 600 + 2.16 F 600 + 2.16 F
900 + 2.16 F 900 + 2.16 F
Longitudinal balance
200 Hz 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum
500 Hz 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum
1000 Hz 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum
3000 Hz 53 dB minimum 53 dB minimum
Maximum external circuit resistance 1800 1800
P/AR
Half-channel > 97 dB > 97 dB
Full-channel > 94 dB > 94 dB
Return loss
ERL 28 dB minimum 28 dB minimum
SRL 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum
Ringing detect 40 to 110 V rms, –36 to –52.5 V dc, 40 to 110 V rms, –36 to –52.5 V dc,
20 3 Hz 20 3 Hz
Note
1. // = in parallel with
279
Technical
specifications
Specification Variant
90-0079-03 90-0079-04 90-0079-05 90-0079-06 90-0091-05 90-0091-06
4-wire TLP range
Transmit (dB) –16.0 to –0.5 –16.0 to –0.5 –16.0 to –0.5 –16.0 to –0.5 –17.5 to –10.0 –17.5 to –10.0
Receive (dB) –8.5 to +7.0 –8.5 to +7.0 –8.5 to +7.0 –8.5 to +7.0 +4.0 to +11.5 +4.0 to +11.5
2-wire TLP range
Transmit (dB) –7.0 to +8.5 –7.0 to +8.5 –7.0 to +8.5 –7.0 to +8.5 –3.5 to +4.0 –3.5 to +4.0
Receive (dB) –14.5 to +1.0 –14.5 to +1.0 –14.5 to +1.0 –14.5 to +1.0 –7.5 to +0.0 –7.5 to +0.0
Companding law A-law A-law A-law Mu-law Mu-law Mu-law
Frequency
response (200 to < (–0.6 to 0.7) < (–0.6 to 0.7) < (–0.6 to 0.7) < (–0.6 to 0.7) < (–0.6 to 0.7) < (–0.6 to 0.7)
3400 Hz)to
corresponding line
impedance
Gain linearity (referenced at 0 dBm0)
–55 dBm0 < 3 dB < 3 dB < 3 dB < 3 dB < 3 dB < 3 dB
–50 dBm0 < 1 dB < 1 dB < 1 dB < 1 dB < 1 dB < 1 dB
–37 to +3 dBm0 < 0.5 dB < 0.5 dB < 0.5 dB < 0.5 dB < 0.5 dB < 0.5 dB
Idle channel noise
C-message < 20 dBmC0 < 35 dBm < 35 dBm < 35 dBm < 20 dBmC0 < 20 dBmC0
3 kHz flat < 35 dBm < –65 dBm0p < –65 dBm0p < –65 dBm0p < 35 dBm < 35 dBm
Interchannel < –65 dBm0 < –65 dBm0 < –65 dBm0 < –65 dBm0 < –65 dBm0 < –65 dBm0
crosstalk
Level tolerance 0.3 dB 0.3 dB 0.3 dB 0.3 dB 0.3 dB 0.3 dB
Line impedance
4-wire 600 600 600 600 600 600
2-wire 370 +620 600 600 + 600 + 900 + 600 +
// (1) 0.31 F 2.16 F 2.16 F 2.16 F 2.16 F
Return loss
4-wire ERL > 28 dB > 28 dB > 28 dB > 28 dB > 28 dB > 28 dB
4-wire SRL > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB
280
14. Voice interface
specifications
Specification Variant
90-0079-03 90-0079-04 90-0079-05 90-0079-06 90-0091-05 90-0091-06
Signaling type V V V IV I, II, III I, II, III
Trans-hybrid loss
ERL > 25 dB > 28 dB > 28 dB > 28 dB > 34 dB > 34 dB
SRL > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB
Note
1. // = in parallel with
281
Table 14-7: E&M channel unit specifications
2
Technical
Specifications Variant
90-1230-02 90-1230-03 90-1230-04 90-1230-05 90-1230-06 90-1230-07
(North America) (North America) (Japan) (Germany) (United Kingdom) (France)
Attenuation range (4-wire audio)
Transmit 23 dB in 0.1-dB steps 18 dB in 0.1-dB steps 18 dB in 0.1-dB steps 18 dB in 0.1-dB steps 18 dB in 0.1-dB steps 18 dB in 0.1-dB steps
Receive 23 dB in 0.1-dB steps 18 dB in 0.1-dB steps 18 dB in 0.1-dB steps 18 dB in 0.1-dB steps 18 dB in 0.1-dB steps 18 dB in 0.1-dB steps
E-lead leakage resistance to ground (2- and 4-wire audio, E&M mode)
On-hook > 550 k > 550 k > 550 k > 550 k > 550 k > 550 k
Off-hook < 20 at 50 mA < 20 at 50 mA < 20 at 50 mA < 20 at 50 mA < 20 at 50 mA < 20 at 50 mA
E lead resistance to
ground (2- and 4-wire 3600 nominal 3600 nominal 3600 nominal 3600 nominal 3600 nominal 3600 nominal
audio)
Frequency response (A/D or D/A) relative to 1 kHz at 0 dBm0, 300 to 3000 Hz
4-wire audio 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
2-wire audio –0.25 to +0.5 –0.25 to +0.5 –0.25 to +0.5 –0.25 to +0.5 –0.25 to +0.5 –0.25 to +0.5
Line impedance
4-wire audio 600 600 600 600 600 600
2-wire audio 600 + 2.16 F 600 + 2.16 F 600 + 1.00 F 220 + 820 F // 370 + 620 F // 180 + 910 F //
900 + 2.16 F 900 + 2.16 F 115 nF 310 nF 150 nF
Specifications Variant
90-1230-02 90-1230-03 90-1230-04 90-1230-05 90-1230-06 90-1230-07
(North America) (North America) (Japan) (Germany) (United Kingdom) (France)
Longitudinal balance (4-wire)
Note
1. // = in parallel with
2
Table 14-8: LGS card specifications
2
Technical
Specification Variant
90-0029-01 90-0029-05 90-0029-07 90-0030-01 90-0030-03 90-0030-04
Channel crosstalk 65 dBm0 65 dBm0 65 dBm0 65 dBm0 65 dBm0 65 dBm0
Companding law A-law A-law A-law Mu-law Mu-law Mu-law
Conductor leakage 30 k 30 k 30 k 30 k 30 k 30 k
resistance
Frequency response 0.5 dB +0.25 to –0.5 dB 0.5 dB +0.25/–0.5 dB +0.25/–0.5 dB +0.25/–0.5 dB
(analog subsection)
Idle channel noise C
message 20 dBrnC 20 dBrnC 20 dBrnC 20 dBrnC 20 dBrnC 20 dBrnC
3 kHz flat < 35 dBm < 35 dBm < 20 dBm < 35 dBm < 20 dBm < 20 dBm
8 kHz leakage > 70 dB > 70 dB > 70 dB > 70 dB > 70 dB > 70 dB
Line impedance 370 + (620 // 600 370 + (620 // 600 + 2.16 F 900 + 2.16 F 900 + 2.16 F
0.31 F) (1) 0.31 F)
Updated April
Maximum ringer 110 V rms at 20/25 Hz 110 V rms at 20/25 Hz 110 V rms at 20/25 Hz 110 V rms at 20/25 Hz 110 V rms at 20/25 Hz 110 V rms at 20/25 Hz
voltage
Maximum short circuit 50 mA 50 mA 50 mA 50 mA 50 mA 50 mA
current
Specification Variant
90-0029-01 90-0029-05 90-0029-07 90-0030-01 90-0030-03 90-0030-04
Maximum signal power (measured across a-b leads)
A/D (from line) 6 dBm 6 dBm 6 dBm 6 dBm 6 dBm 6 dBm
D/A (to line) 6 dBm 6 dBm 6 dBm 6 dBm 6 dBm 6 dBm
Minimum operating 25 mA 25 mA 25 mA 25 mA 25 mA 25 mA
current 6 dB audio
Number of voice 12 12 12 12 6 12
circuits
Return loss
ERL 25 dB 28 dB 25 dB 28 dB 28 dB 28 dB
SRL > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB
Signal balance
0.2 to 4.0 kHz 40 dB 40 dB 40 dB 40 dB 40 dB 40 dB
TLP range
Transmit (dB) –3.0 to +4.0 –3.0 to +4.0 –3.0 to +4.0 –3.0 to +4.0 –7.0 to 0.0 –3.0 to +4.0
Receive (dB) –6.0 to +1.0 –6.0 to +1.0 –6.0 to +1.0 –6.0 to +1.0 –7.0 to 0.0 –6.0 to +1.0
Trans-hybrid loss
ERL 25 dB 34 dB 25 dB 34 dB 34 dB 34 dB
SRL 25 dB > 20 dB 25 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB > 20 dB
Note
1. // = in parallel with
1
Voice interface
2
Table 14-9: LGS channel unit specifications
2
Technical
Specification Variant
90-1228-02 90-1228-03 90-1228-04 90-1228-05 90-1228-06 90-1228-07
(North America) (North America) (Japan) (Germany) (United Kingdom) (France)
Balance impedance Matched impedance Matched impedance Matched impedance Matched impedance Matched impedance Matched impedance
Compromise Compromise Compromise Compromise Compromise Compromise
impedance, loaded impedance, loaded impedance, loaded impedance, loaded impedance, loaded impedance, loaded
cable 1650 // (100 cable 1650 // (100 cable 1650 // (100 cable 1650 // (100 cable 1650 // (100 cable 1650 // (100
+ 5 nF) (1) + 5 nF) (1) + 5 nF) (1) + 5 nF) (1) + 5 nF) (1) + 5 nF) (1)
Alternate impedance Alternate impedance Alternate impedance Alternate impedance Alternate impedance Alternate impedance
Adapt and freeze Adapt and freeze Adapt and freeze Adapt and freeze Adapt and freeze Adapt and freeze
Continuous adaption Continuous adaption Continuous adaption Continuous adaption Continuous adaption
Battery signaling –42.25 to –52.5 V –42.25 to –52.5 V –42.25 to –52.5 V –42.25 to –52.5 V –42.25 to –52.5 V –42.25 to –52.5 V
limits
Companding law Mu-law Mu-law or A-law Mu-law or A-law Mu-law or A-law Mu-law or A-law Mu-law or A-law
Crosstalk coupling < –65 dB maximum < –65 dB maximum < –65 dB maximum < –65 dB maximum < –65 dB maximum < –65 dB maximum
Dial pulse distortion < 2% at 12 pps < 2% at 12 pps < 2% at 12 pps < 2% at 12 pps < 2% at 12 pps < 2% at 12 pps
(64% break) (64% break) (64% break) (64% break) (64% break) (64% break)
Frequency response
A/D 60 Hz (relative to 20 dB rejection 20 dB rejection 20 dB rejection 20 dB rejection 20 dB rejection 20 dB rejection
1.004 kHz)
A/D or D/A 300 to
–0.25 to +0.5 dB –0.25 to +0.5 dB –0.25 to +0.5 dB –0.25 to +0.5 dB –0.25 to +0.5 dB –0.25 to +0.5 dB
3000 Hz
Gain tracking (maximum deviation)
+3 to –37 dBr 0.25 dB 0.25 dB 0.25 dB 0.25 dB 0.25 dB 0.25 dB
–37 to –50 dBr < 0.5 dB < 0.5 dB < 0.5 dB < 0.5 dB < 0.5 dB < 0.5 dB
–50 to –55 dBr < 2.0 dB < 2.0 dB < 2.0 dB < 2.0 dB < 2.0 dB < 2.0 dB
Idle channel noise
A/D 20 dBrnC0 max 20 dBrnC0 max 20 dBrnC0 max 20 dBrnC0 max 20 dBrnC0 max 20 dBrnC0 max
D/A 20 dBrnC0 max 20 dBrnC0 max 20 dBrnC0 max 20 dBrnC0 max 20 dBrnC0 max 20 dBrnC0 max
Line impedance 600 + 2.16 F 600 + 2.16 F 600 + 1.00 F 220 + 820 // 370 + 620 // 180 + 910 //
115 nF 310 nF 115 nF
900 +2.16 F 900 +2.16 F
Specification Variant
90-1228-02 90-1228-03 90-1228-04 90-1228-05 90-1228-06 90-1228-07
(North America) (North America) (Japan) (Germany) (United Kingdom) (France)
Impulse noise 41 dBrnC0 max 41 dBrnC0 max 41 dBrnC0 max 41 dBrnC0 max 41 dBrnC0 max 41 dBrnC0 max
threshold level (10
hits in 30 min
maximum)
Longitudinal balance
200 Hz 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum
500 Hz 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum
1000 Hz 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum 58 dB minimum
3000 Hz 53 dB minimum 53 dB minimum 53 dB minimum 53 dB minimum 53 dB minimum 53 dB minimum
Loop feed 30 mA, non-saturating 30 mA, non-saturating 30 mA, non-saturating 30 mA, non-saturating 30 mA, non-saturating 30 mA, non-saturating
Loop length 2 km (1.25 mi) 2 km (1.25 mi) 2 km (1.25 mi) 2 km (1.25 mi) 2 km (1.25 mi) 2 km (1.25 mi)
(maximum)
Maximum external dc 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
loop circuit resistance
On-hook transmission Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported
P/AR > 97 dB > 97 dB > 97 dB > 97 dB > 97 dB > 97 dB
Return loss
ERL 28 dB minimum 28 dB minimum 28 dB minimum 28 dB minimum 28 dB minimum 28 dB minimum
SRL 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum
Ringers per line 5 maximum 5 maximum 5 maximum 5 maximum 5 maximum 5 maximum
Ringing voltage 75 to 110 V rms 75 to 110 V rms 75 to 110 V rms 75 to 110 V rms 75 to 110 V rms 75 to 110 V rms
Technical
90-1228-02 90-1228-03 90-1228-04 90-1228-05 90-1228-06 90-1228-07
(North America) (North America) (Japan) (Germany) (United Kingdom) (France)
Signal to distortion (A/D or D/A)
0 to –30 dBr 35 dB 35 dB 35 dB 35 dB 35 dB 35 dB
–30 to –40 dBr 29 dB 29 dB 29 dB 29 dB 29 dB 29 dB
–40 to –45 dBr 25 dB 25 dB 25 dB 25 dB 25 dB 25 dB
TLP range
Transmit (dB) –12.0 to 0.0 –12.0 to +6.0 –12.0 to +6.0 –12.0 to +6.0 –12.0 to +6.0 –12.0 to +0.0
Receive (dB) –10.0 to +6.0 –10.0 to +6.0 –10.0 to +6.0 –10.0 to +6.0 –10.0 to +6.0 –10.0 to +6.0
Trans-hybrid loss
ERL 34 dB minimum 34 dB minimum 34 dB minimum 34 dB minimum 34 dB minimum 34 dB minimum
SRL 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum 20 dB minimum
Note
1. // = in parallel with
15
Power dissipation
Table 15-1 lists the power dissipation of all ringing generators, distribution panels,
cards, and channel units.
Test card 2 8
Test module 3 11
Timing card 5 19
289
Technical
specifications
MPA card 12 42
Octal E1 card 9 32
Octal T1 card 8 28
TTC2M card 6 19
X.21 PRI card 5 18
Application cards
CPC 8 26
DCP card 5 17
DSP card (6 DSP) 5 17
DSP5H card 19 63
IMC 10 34
FRE card 22 74
FRS card 8 26
290
15. Power dissipation
VT-1.5 card 13 43
TU-12 card 12 39
RS-422 DCC 7 23
291
Technical
specifications
Notes
1. Each ringing generator unit dissipates 15 W (51 BTU/h) of heat when active (that is, when generating
ringing voltage). For the heat dissipation of non-Alcatel ringing generators, consult your supplier.
2. The heat dissipation values for this item assume a maximum configuration: 12 STP FASTbus
modules and 2 STP Cascade modules. STP FASTbus and Cascade modules dissipate 3 W (10 BTU/h)
each. STP Bypass modules dissipate less than 1 W (3 BTU/h).
292
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
ac alternating current
295
A closer
view
AU Administrative Unit
296
Abbreviations
CO central office
codec coder/decoder
297
A closer
view
CU channel unit
DE discard eligible
DM degraded minutes
DP dial pulsing
298
Abbreviations
DX digital cross-connect
EC earth calling
ES errored seconds
299
A closer
view
fax facsimile
FT1 fractional T1
GND ground
GS ground start
300
Abbreviations
IC integrated circuit
IP Internet protocol
LL local loopback
301
A closer
view
LS loop start
LT line termination
302
Abbreviations
NT network termination
PC personal computer
303
A closer
view
RE remote extension
RL remote loopback
RU rack unit
SB signal battery
SC snap connection
304
Abbreviations
SG signal ground
TA terminal adapter
TE terminal equipment
305
A closer
view
TM test mode
TO transmission only
TR tip return
TU tributary unit
VF voice frequency
306
Abbreviations
307
Index
1.544 Mfiberb/s Dual T1 card, 171 2WMRD channel unit
1.544 Mb/s Dual T1-2 card, 172 configuration, 197
1.544 Mb/s T1 Card, illustration, 193
170 19-inch shelf, 106 30B+D, 168, 169, 170
2.048 Mb/s E1 card, 31 Channels, 168, 169, 170
168 23B+D, 172 3DS-0 format, 36
23-inch shelf, 106 4WDX channel unit, 12
27LC2 line card, configuration, 197
11 illustration, 193
configuration, 207 overview, 195
control leads, 214 4-wire loopback, 263
illustration, 201 4WTO channel unit, 12
overview, 204 configuration, 207
rate adaption requirements, 216 illustration, 201
27LC3 line card, 21 overview, 205
configuration, 207 4WTO line card
control leads, 214 configuration, 197
illustration, 201 illustration, 193
overview, 204 overview, 195
rate adaption requirements, 216 56 kb/s V.35 PRI card, 174
2801 MainStreet DTU, 11, 21, 117, 120, 5DS-0 format, 37
204 64 Kb/s Codirectional card
28LC line card configurable features,
enhanced version, 204 207
overview, 204 interface speeds, 215
2B+D, 11 overview, 206
2B1Q channel unit, 11
configuration, 207
control leads, 214 A
illustration, 201
interface speeds, 215 AAL1 adaptation, 28
overview, 203 AAL1/5 adaptation, 28
rate adaption requirements, 216 AAR, 16, 92, 100
2B1Q line card, 11 accounting, 251
configuration, 207 A-CELP, 70
control leads, 214 active nodes, 255
illustration, 201 activity switch control,
interface speeds, 215 22 ADPCM
overview, 203 G3 Fax, 85
rate adaption requirements, 216 ADPCM, 70, 71
aggregate interface connectors, 141
aggregate interface redundancy,
126 aggregate interfaces, 9
309
Inde
x
B
backplane, 109
bandwidth, 6
basic rate interfaces, 11
Bellcore TA-TSY-000077,
47
Bellcore TA-TSY-000189, 47
Bellcore TA-TSY-000192, 47
Bellcore TA-TSY-000476, 47
Bellcore TR-TSY-000120, 75
BERT, 13
Bisync, 64
310
Inde
blower unit, 112 LGE, 12, 196 x
bo LGS, 12, 196
ot MRD, 12, 197
P OCU-DP, 12, 206
R circuit switching, 7
O Common Carrier card
M overview, 146
, companding conversion, 88
97 connections
B connection methods, 248
RI ATM, 248
S/ Ethernet, 248
T Control card, 14, 97
ca configurable features, 147
rd illustration, 143
configuration, 207 overview, 144
illustration, 201 control lead propogation, 53
o Control Packet Switching System, 130
ve control redundancy, 121
rv cooling equipment,
ie 112 CPC
w, illustration, 219
20 overview, 221
5
B
RI
S/
T
C
ar
d,
20
5
C
CAS, 169, 170
CAS, 88, 168, 174
CCITT G.721, 75
CCITT G.732, 88
CCITT X.50, 50
CCITT X.51, 50
CCITT X.54, 50
CCM, 168, 170
CCS, 169, 170
CCS, 168
channel units
2B1Q, 12, 203
2WMRD,
12, 197
4WDX, 12, 195
4WTO, 12, 205
DS0-DP,
12, 222
E&M, 12, 195
311
Inde
x
311
Inde
x
312
Inde
x
G I
G.703, 10 IFM, 168, 175
G.704, 10 IMC
G3 Fax overview, 222
ADPCM, 85 inactive nodes, 255
HCV, 85 independent clocking, 57
G3 Fax, 70, 85 installation
G3 Fax/HCV, 70 power, 121
GFC3 internal station clock,
test connections, 263 133 inverse multiplexing,
66
IOTU, 175
H ISDN access, 32
hardware, 97 ISDN leased line protection,
HCM, 9 16 ISDN transport, 35
and HCV, 56 ITU-T
and Transparent, 56 Q.933 Annex A, 96
overview, 54
Subrate data applications,
39 HCV, 70, 71 L
G3 Fax, 85 LD-CELP, 70
high impedance monitor, 263 LGE, 12
high-speed aggregate interfaces, LGE card, 196
9 HSA cards configuration, 197
HSA DS3, 155 illustration, 193
OC-3, 155 overview, 196
STM-1, 155 specifications, 276
traffic protection, 123 LGE channel unit
TU-12 Mapper, 155 configuration, 197
VT-1.5 Mapper, 156 illustration, 193
HSA DS3 card, 20 overview, 196
configurable parameters, 161 specifications, 276
illustration, 153 LGS, 12
overview, 155 LGS card, 196
HSA interface connectors, configuration, 197
141 HSA interfaces illustration, 193
OC-3, 155 overview, 196
STM-1, 155 specifications, 276
TU-12, 155 LGS channel unit, 196
VT-1.5, 156 configuration, 197
illustration, 193
overview, 196
specifications, 276
LMI, 96
loop extension, 36, 37
loopback detect, 125
loopbacks, 257
313
Inde
x
314
Inde
x
315
Inde
x
316
Inde
x
317
Inde
x
318
© 19992006 Alcatel. All rights reserved.
3CL 00469 0093 TQZZA Ed.02