INVESTIGATION ON THE USAGE OF

SERPENTINA LEAVES

A Thesis

Presented to
The Senior High School Department

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
Practical Research I
of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Gerry M. Gajudo
Rica V. Artajo
Theona Roquita R. Ebid

APRIL 2020

I
 ABSTRACT

Name: Gerry Gajudo

Rica V. Artajo
Theona Roquita R. Ebid

Title: Investigation on the Usage of Serpentina leaves

Degree: Academic Track

Specialization: Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics

Adviser: Mrs. Nancy Dormido

Mrs. Joy Brigola

The study was established to investigate the usage of

serpentina leaves. In order to collect valid data, the researchers used
structured interview as instrument. A qualitative method of research
was used. The data was obtained from a sample of 21 serpentina
users in Barangay Tungkong Mangga that were selected through
random sampling method.

II
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Walking through this journey, We are mostly grateful to our
Almighty God that had guided us through every circumstances given us
the wisdom and knowledge to overcome challenges we had while
conducting this study, for mental and physical health/strength whenever
we are spending time on it and patience for our group mates.

We would like to pay our special regards to our beloved

principal Ma’am Annie C. Joaquin who made approval to conduct the
study that leads this research to be successful.

A whole-heartedly appreciation for our teacher in Practical

Research I, Mrs. Rose Dinah Verzosa for her outstanding research skills
and life applicable advices during class discussions and while conducting
this study for us to be a diligent researchers accomplishing the research as
perfect and useful as possible.

We would like to recognize the invaluable assistance of Ms.

Divina Gracia Blas for approving the interview questions from the
validation form.

For Ms. Joan Garcia and Maam Gwen T. Francisco for their
suggestions and correcting grammatical errors since the title defense, we
are fully indebt of yours.

Last but not the least, Our everlasting gratitude for our
advisers Mrs. Nancy Dormido and Mrs. Joy Brigola for their unfailing
support and assistance regarding this study.

III
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE I

ABSTRACT II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III
LIST OF TABLES VI
LIST OF FIGURES VI

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Statement Of the Problem 2

1.3 Scope and Delimitation 3
1.4 Significance Of the Study 3
1.5 Conceptual Framework 4
1.6 Definition of Terms 5
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND
STUDIES 6

IV
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 13
3.2 Research Locale 13
3.3 Participants of the study 13
3.4 Sampling Method 13
3.5 Data Collection Procedure 14
3.6 Research Instrument 14

CHAPTER 4 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS

AND INTERPRETATION 15

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,

CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings 23
5.2 Conclusion 25
5.3 Recommendations 26

V
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 15
Table 2 18

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Paradigm of Research

APPENDICES 27
REFERENCES 37

VI
 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction
Rauwolfiaserpentina commonly known as
Sarpqgandha (Indian snakeroot). It is a medicinal plant found in
Indian subcontinent and South East Asian countries. (Abhikjit
Dey and J.N. De, 2010). In ancient times, this plant is used by
Hindus as an antidote against the poisonous snake bites. It is
also used for many infections as a treatment. From time to time,
serpentina studies are gathered revealing its healing properties
and uses, and the medicinal cure it gives. Though many are
aware of the existing plant; but some ignores it with unknown
benefits that can get from within. Also, because of the bitterness
of its taste which it has been known for, some can hardly deal
with it and dink this kind of herbal.
Researchers conclude this study reviewing the
essence of serpentina leaves, how aware are the people about
this herb and also to investigate how they practice the usage of
serpentina leaves. It is also known to other countries and they
are also using this herbal plant as their medicine.
Rauwolfia serpentina is an important medicinal plant
endemic to the Himalayan mountain range of Indian
subcontinent and South-East Asian countries. Plant extracts of
R. serpentina have been reported to be of therapeutic value
against various diseases including hypertension, intestinal
disorders, eye diseases, cuts, wounds, splenic diseases, uterine
contraction, headache, and skin diseases. Its extracts have also

1
been reported with a broad range of therapeutic effects such as
antioxidant, antiaging, antihypertensive, anti-cancerous, anti-
malarial, anti-inflammatory, antifibrillar, anthelmintic,
antiarrhythmic, antichollinergic, anti-dysentery, anti-diarrhea,
anti-hypotensive, anti-contractile, antipyretic, antidiuretic,
sympathomimetic, and antipsychotic. Knowing the potential
efficiency of R. serpentina PDMs and their derivatives, its
phytochemical space could be effectively explored for
systematical extraction of unique molecular scaffolds and their
derivatives. (Pathania, S., Ramakrishnan S.M., Randhawa, V.,
Bagler, G. (2015). bMC Complement Altern Med. 2015 Aug
4;15:262. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0683-7).

Statement Of the Problem

The researchers aim to investigate on how people use
Serpentina leaves. This research study will answer the following
questions:
1. What are the respondents’ perception in using
serpentina leaves?
2. How may the respondents’ knowledge on the use of
serpentina leaves be described in terms of:
2.1 Benefits; and
2.2 Detriments
3. How may the findings of this study help enhance
different uses of serpentina leaves?

2
 Scope and Delimitations
The researchers conducted this study focusing on the
practices of the users of serpentina leaves in Barangay
Tungkong Mangga. This will help them know the benefits and
other uses of serpentina aside from medicine.

In addition, the researchers will be using the random

sampling in availability of the subjects that will be conducted in
Barangay Tungkong Mangga where a limit of twenty one (21)
random users respondents will be interviewed about their
practices in using serpentina leaves.

Significance of the study

This study aims to investigate the practices of the users of
serpentina leaves and it will also to test the knowledge and
awareness of users about the characteristics of the serpentina
leaves. Because this leaves has more potential to treat almost
any kind of mild ad heavy disease, this study would also search
for what could be the other things that we can make throughout
this leaves.

3
 Conceptual framework
This study shows the investigation of serpentina leaves
practices in Brgy. Tungkong Mangga. The paradigm shows the
input-process-output scheme of the study. Under this concepts
are cases in using serpentina leaves, dosage of leaves, used
and investigating serpentina leaves’ practices. For the process, it
tells how the researchers gather data’s from the respondents.
The instruments used are structured questionnaire as a guide for
structured interview. The output shows the response of the
researchers to address certain issues that are found out through
this study; completing research awareness about the positive
effects in the human health of serpentina leaves.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Cases in using
Serpentina leaves. Structured Completing research
questionnaire for awareness
Dosage of leaves
used. about positive
effects in human
Investigation about Interview health of serpentina
Usage of serpentina Leaves.
Leaves.

FEEDBACK

4
 Definition of terms
Serpentina Indian snakeroot – a plant used for mild high
blood pressure, nervousness, trouble sleeping
(insomnia), and mental disorders such as insanity.
Researchers – persons who carries out academic or scientific
research.
Anti- diarrheal – any medication which provides symptomatic
relief for diarrhea.
Anti-hypertensive – (of a drug) used to lower high blood
pressure.
Anti-aging – (of a product or technique) designed to prevent the
appearance of getting older.
Anti-oxidant – a substance that inhibits oxidants, especially one
used to counteract the deterioration of stored food
products.

5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURES AND
STUDIES

This chapter contains the review of related literatures and

studies from both local and foreign sources. This also includes of
the synthesis of the study.

Terms are to be defined easily for clarity.

Serpentina leaves are common herbal plant use to treat illness from
mild to heavy.

Therapeutic uses – the drug sarpagandha is cardio depressant,

hypnotic and sedative. It is used in hypertension, insomnia,
sexual aggression and vertigo. Rauwolfia serpentina has been a
prevailing field of research for decades and several workers have
explored this area due to Its phytochemical properties. The various
phytochemical compounds or secondary metabolites present in R.
serpentina include alkaloids, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids.(Sing
R.K., Singh A., Rath S., Ramamurthy A. 2015, A review of
Sarpagandha – whole herb v/s Reserpine – its alkaloid in the
management of the hypertension, International Ayurvedic Medical
Journal, 3(2)pp. 565-569). other like plants were discovered and also
have the same structures and benefits with plants and reserpine is
also an important discovery.

Reserpine

It is a pure crystalline single alkaloid, derived from the roots of

Rauwolfia and was first isolated in 1952. It is a relatively weak tertiary
base occurring in the oleoresin fraction of the roots and is useful in
the treatment of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and
neurological diseases. The antihypertensive actions of reserpine are
due to its

6
depressant action on central nervous system and peripheral nervous
system . This prevents the normal storage of catecholamine and
serotonin in decline of catecholamine. It interferes with the function of
autonomic nervous system by depleting the transmitter substance
from the adrenergic neurons and possibly by activating the central
parasympathetic system. These substance are mostly involved in
controlling heart rate, cardiac contraction and peripheral
resistance.Reserpine causes the release of 5-hydroxytrytamine from
all tissues in which it is normally stored and results in increase of
urinary metabolites. (Prusoff W.H. nd, Effect of reserpine on the 5-
hydroxytrytamine and adenosinetriphosphate of the dog intestinal
mucosa, British Journal of Pharmacology, 17,pp.87-91).

Ajmaline(an alkaloid of R. Serpentina )

The compound was first isolated by Salimuzzaman Siddiqui in

1931 from the roots Rauwolfia serpentine. He named it ajmaline,
after Hakim Ajmal Khan, one of the most illustrious practitioners of
Unani medicine in South Asia. Derivedfrom roots of R. serpentina as
a class I antiarrhythmic agent, it is highly useful in diagnosing
Brugada Syndrome (hereditary cardiac disorder), and
differentiating between subtypes of patients with this disease. These
agents are primarily classified into four major groups on the basis of
their mechanism of action i.e. sodium channel blockade, beta-
adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation and calcium channel
blockade. Ajmaline is a sodium channel blocker that shows instant
action when given intravenously, which makes it ideal for diagnostic
purposes. The administration of Rauwolfia alkaloid to patients with
this type of arrhythmia is known as the “Ajmaline Test”. It has been
reported to stimulate respiration and intestinal movements. The
action of ajmaline on systemic and pulmonary blood pressure is

7
similar as of serpentine.(Rolf S., Bruns H.J, Wichter T., Kirchhof P.,
Ribbing M., Wasmer K., Paul M., Breithardt G.,. Haverkamp W., Eckardt
L.nd, The ajmaline challenge in Brugada syndrome: diagnostic impact,
safety, and recommended protocol, European Hert Journal,
24(12),pp.1104- 1112. )

Serpentine, a type II topoisomerase inhibitor, exhibits

antipsychotic properties.The enzyme peroxidase (PER) is responsible
for oxidation of ajmalicine to serpentine by catalyzing bisindole
alkaloid localized in the vacuole. (Prusoff W.H.nd, Effect of reserpine
on the 5-hydroxytryptamine and adenosine triphosphate of the dog
intestinal mucosa, British Journal of Pharmacology, 17,pp. 87-91.)

R. Serpentina in pharmacology

R. serpentina holds an important position in the pharmaceutical

world due to the presence of various alkaloids in the oleoresin
fraction of the roots. Alkaloids of this plant have a great medicinal
importance to treat cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure,
hypertension, arrhythmia, various psychiatric diseases, mental
disorders, breast cancer, human promyelocytic leukemia like
diseases. Reserpine is the main alkaloid that shows highly complex
pattern of activity mainly variation of amine concentration in brain. It is
responsible for influencing the concentration of glycogen, acetyl
choline, g-amino butyric acid, nucleic acids and anti-diuretic hormone.
The effects of reserpine include respiratory inhibition, stimulation of
peristalsis, myosis, relaxation of nictating membranes and also
influences temperature regulating centre. ( Britto J.D., Mahesh
R.2007, Exploration of kani tribal botanical knowledge in
agasthiayamalai biosphere reserve-south India, Ethnobotanical
Leaflets, 11,, 258-265.retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ›
pub...2015)

8
R. Serpentina as a Therapeutic Herb and Medicinal Agent

R. serpentina has an extensive spectrum of valuable

therapeutic actions, mainly effective in the treatment of hypertension
and psychotic disorders like schizophrenia, anxiety, epilepsy,
insomnia, insanity, and also used as a sedative, a hypnotic drug. The
plant is reported to contain a large number of therapeutically useful
indole alkaloids and these alkaloids are largely located in the roots.
Fabricant and Fransworth (2001) has emphasized the various
ethnobotanical uses to cure various circulatory disorders. Extracts of
the roots are valued for the treatment of intestinal disorders,
particularly diarrhea and dysentery and also as anathematic. Mixed
with other plant extracts, they have been used in the treatment of
cholera, colic and fever. The root was believed to stimulate uterine
contraction and recommended for the use in childbirth. A study by
Azmi and Qureshi (2012) showed therapeutic effects of Rauwolfia
with incomplete hypoglycemic action in diabetic hypertensive
patients. The juice of the leaves has been used as a remedy for the
opacity of the cornea. Rauwolfia juice and extract obtained from the
root can be used for treating gastrointestinal and circulatory diseases.
The juice of tender leaves and root extract is used to treat liver pain,
stomach pain, dysentery and to expel intestinal worms.( Kirtikar K.R.,
Basu B. D.nd, Indian Medicinal Plants, 2 Ed, Dehra Dun Publishers,
Calcutta, India,pp.289. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ›
pub...)

The use of Rauwolfia serpentina in hypertensive patients. -

NCBI Mental Illness, Schizophrenia, High Blood Pressure
-The root of the plant is used in high blood pressure, mental agitation,
insomnia and sedative. The root extract obtained is considered to be
the best medicine for high blood pressure and has been adapted by
the medical fraternity in most countries. The derived
9
alkaloids have a direct effect on hypertension and are widely used in
preparation of medicine. Extracts of R. serpentina is also helpful in
curing other diseases such as fever, malaria, eye diseases,
pneumonia, asthma, AIDS ,headache skin disease and spleen
disorder.

Rauwolfia serpentina is a safe and effective herbal plant

for hypertension. The benefit of serpentina leaves Indian snake root is
used for mild high blood pressure, nervousness, trouble sleeping
(insomnia), and mental disorders such as agitated psychosis and
insanity. (September 17,2019).

Based on San Pedro Laguna (nd). Herbal plants

serpentina has many uses that could benefit our health. The said
plant has very low toxicity and no over dosage cases have been
reported. Perhaps it is because unlike any other herbs, you won't
wish to have more than the recommended dosage due to extreme
bitterness.

Stated form Rxlist (2019), Indian snake root is a plant.

The root is to medicine. Indian snake root is also used for snake and
reptile bites, fever, constipation, feverish intestinal disease, lunar
ailments, achy joints (rheutism), fluid retention (edena) , epilepsy, and
as a tonic for general debilities.

10
Anti-malarial

Study of extracts of R. Serpentina a, known

hepatoprotective and fever-reducing was tested for antimalarial
activity. Results suggested further studies for a potential herbal drug
for malaria treatment. ( K. Mishral 2009 malarial journal
8:26doi:10.1186/1475- 2875-8-26 retrieved from
www.stuartxchange.org)

Anti-venom activity

Study for antivenom activity against Daboia russelli

venom confirmed Serpentina to possess potent snake venom
neutralizing capacity. (Meenatchisundaram, Prajish, G Parameswari,
T. Subbraj, A. Michael, nd Internet Journal of Toxiciology, Vol 6, No
1 retrieved from www.stuartxchange.org ).

Anti-Dengue

Study of evaluated the antiviral effects of six plants

on dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1). Results showed the
methanol extracts of R. Serpentina possess the ability of inhibiting the
activity of DENV-1 in in vitro studies.

 Anticancer

Study evaluated the anticancer activity of an ethanol

extract of R. Serpentina against HEp2-Human larynx carcinoma cell
lines. Results showed marked dose dependency, with reduction of
viability and induction of cell apoptosis with increased concentration.
(Dr. K. PADMALOCHANA 2017 Int J Pharm Bio Sci . retrieved from
www.stuartxchange.org ).

11
Cold and Flu

Scientists have discovered that Serpentina helps to

boost the immune system by stimulating the body’s production of
antibodies and macrophages, which are large white blood cells that
scavenge harmful microorganisms. It is taken for both the prevention
and treatment of the common cold, and it is often referred to as
Indian echinacea. It might help lessen the severity of cold symptoms
such as sleeplessness, fever, nasal drainage and sore throat.(29
August 2014 retrieved from https://tropicalpalmherb.wixsite.com)

Synthesis

As listed on the review of literatures above,

serpentina leaves are beneficial to almost any kind of diseases. It
starts from mild such as colds and flu to heavy such as high blood
pressure. Serpentina leaves can be a remedy because it has been
proven to treat diseases. Serpentina leaves are common or widely
known herbal plant that is also used in other countries such as
Russia, India and etc. Health experts are recommending this herbal
plant to use to treat illnesses and remedy at home. The use of this
herbal plant can compared to a processed medicine because it is
used to treat uncommon diseases also because this is herbal plant
that can be grown to the backyard, the users of serpentina might took
this over than the processed medicine that they need to buy.

12
 Chapter lll Research Methodology

Research Design

The research will be conducted in the Barangay of

Tungkong Mangga, City of San Jose del Monte Bulacan where the
subjects will be taken for the study, since it is a wide field to gather
available respondents needed for the study.

Participants of the Study

The researchers will gather 25 participants who are the

residents of Barangay Tungkong Mangga that is using Serpentina
leaves. The subjects were taken for the study, randomly selected.

Research Locale

The research will be conducted in the Barangay of

Tungkong Mangga, City of San Jose del Monte Bulacan where the
subjects will be taken for the study, since it is a wide field to gather
available respondents needed for the study.

Sampling Procedure

The researchers will use random availability because

the respondents should be users of serpentina leaves

13
Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will create five questions answerable by

users of serpentina leaves which will observe on how the users of
serpentina leaves use the herb and how aware they are about the
different uses of serpentina leaves.

Research instrument

The researches used the type of research instrument is

random availability. The participants came from the users of
serpentina in Tungkong Mangga. This will give the researches a
deeper understanding about serpentina users. The data collected will
answer the problem statements accordingly their experiences about
usage of serpentina leaves.

The interview is a formed consultation usually

evaluates qualification and a meeting at which information is obtained
from person. The structured interview will be used by the researches
to know the experience of users of serpentina tea.

14
 CHAPTER 4 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS
AND INTERPRETATION
Table 1 - Respondents’ Perception in Using Serpentina
Leaves

1. How long have you been using serpentina leaves?

Theme Codes Extract

Unspecified length or  Matagal na rin siguro.

duration of using Serpentina  Hindi ko na matandaan eh matagal
leaves tagal na yun.
Specified and
 Di ko alam kung ilang taon na pero
Unspecified matagal na yun.
length of using
 Hindi ko na matandaan basta
serpentina matagal na yun.
leaves  Matagal tagal na rin ehhh.

 Ano...siguro nasa mga years na din.

 Ewan eh basta matagal na.

 Paminsan minsan lang.

 Minsan lang.

Specified span or year/s

 Mga 6 years na ganon.
using serpentina leaves (a
 Ah serpentina kung gaano na ako
year and above) katagal gumagamit...siguro mga isang taon
na rin.

 Mahigit na siguro sa dalawang taon

basta medya matagal tagal na.

 1 year na den.

 Since 2016.

 Sampung taon.
  Since 2017.

A duration of time using  Simula nung nagkahighblood yung

asawa ko.
Started using Serpentina leaves based
when highblood disease
Serpentina  Ah kelan ba yun… yung
occurs nagkahighblood ako.
when
 Minsan pag sinusumpong ng
highblood.

 Nagsimula akong gumamit nung

diseases malaman kong mataas ang dugo ko
ngayun ngayun lang ako gumamit eh.
occurs

Duration of time using  Simula nung malaman ko na

Serpentina leaves based on nakagagamot pala ito.
knowledge of its medicinal
properties

The table above shows the length of time of how long the
respondents are using serpentina leaves. Some of them gave the
exact span on how long they were using it and some in an unspecified
length or time. Others says that they started using serpentina when they
come up having some diseases.

2. How do you use serpentina leaves?

Theme Codes Extract

Process when using  Pinakukuluan sa mainit na tubig.

Serpentina leaves
 Nilalaga sa tubig.

 Pinakukuluan tapos iniinom na.

  Pinakukuluan tapos yun iniinom na
ginagawang parang tsaa… Parang kape
yun iniinom lang.

Intake usage of  Pinakukuluan lang.

Serpentina  Binababad sa mainit na tubig.

leaves  Pinakukuluan sa mainit na tubig.

 Binababad ko lang sa mainit na

tubig tapos papalamigin tapos yun okay
na inumin.

 Pinakukuluan tapos iinumin na

parang kape medyo mapait talaga siya.

 By using hot water (as medicine).

 Dalawang dahon binababad sa

mainit na tubig sa mug.

 Ibinababad yung dahon sa mainit

na tubig at iinumin.

 Nilalagay sa mainit na tubig tapos

iinumin na parang tea.

 Nilalagay sa mainit na tubig tapos

iinumin.

Serpentina leaves  Iniinom lang.

intaked as a tea  Yung asawa ko may highblood
kaya yun pinaiinom namin.

 Pinaiinom ko sa asawa ko.

 Iniinom.

Indefinite way how  Sa high blood.

Serpentina was used  Ginagamit namin yun sa
highblood.

 Sa lola ko may highblood sya eh.

The table above represents the way and process of using

Serpentina leaves of the respondents. “At this time there is no
 enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of
doses for serpentina leaves.”

(RxList.com/indian_snakeroot.2019/ 9 /17) says that there

is no improper or proper way of using serpentina leaves as for intake
usage, but for safety it is always better to consult from the
pharmacist. The combination of pouring hot water to the mug with
serpentina leaves inside is the most common and easiest way to
intake the herb, and it is shown by the table above where the
respondents are using serpentina leaves that way.

Table 2 - Respondents’ Knowledge on the Use of Serpentina

Leaves be Described in Terms of: Benefits; and Detriments
3. What are the benefits that one can get from Serpentina
leaves?

Theme Codes Extract

Higblood pressure  Nagagamit ito sa highblood.

are reduced
 napapababa ang aking highblood.

Given beneficial  sa highblood.

effects that can  pagpapababa ng aking dugo.
get from
 nagagamit ito sa highblood.
serpentina
leaves  ganon din… pang gamot sa highblood.

 yun nga nakakagamot sa highblood.

 epektibong panggamot ng highblood.

 ...pang highblood talaga.

 It lessens the pain kapag may

dysmenorrhea ako.
  ginagamit ko din yan pag nakakaranas
ako ng dysmenorrhea.

Gives relaxation and  ... ginagamit ito ng asawa ko sabi nya

soothes the feeling ay gumagaan daw ang kanyang pakiramdam.

 kapag piling ko masama at medyo

tumataas aking dugo at sumasama ang
pakiramdam ko ….. at yun nararamdaman ko
nalang unti unti na bumubuti ang pakiramdam
ko.

 piling ko nahihihimasmasan at
gumiginhawa ang pakiramdam ko.

 ginagamit ko to kapag masama yung

 pakiramdam ko.

Treatment for  Easy relief my headache or cough.

wounds, sickness
 gumagaling sa lagnat, sipon, sakit.

 gumagaling sa pigsa at sugat sa. tenga.

 para sa sakit ng ulo at tyan.

 kapag may lagnat ako.

 nakakapag tanggal sya ng galis ng aso.

The table above shows the benefits that respondents’ can

get from serpentina leaves. Most common advantage that the
respondents’ get from serpentina leaves is that their high blood
pressure were reduced. And other says that serpentina leaves helps
them to soothe the feeling and gives them relaxation, and other uses
it for treatment on wounds.
 “Serpentina have been reported to be of therapeutic value
against various diseases, including hypertension, intestinal disorders,
eye disease, cuts, wounds, splenic disease, uterine contraction,
headache, and skin disease”. retrieved from
https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/.

4. What are the detriments (disadvantages) experienced in using

Serpentina leaves?

Theme Codes Extract

Bitterness‘ Bitterness taste  Sobrang pait… Hirap inumin.

inconveniency in compromises the

 Ahhy yung sobrang pait.
leaves’ benefits
taking Serpentina  mapait, mapakla.

leaves  masyado lang syang mapait.

 ang ayaw ko lang sa

Serpentina ay yung sobrang pait.

 masyadong mapait.

 vomitting, because of its

bitterness after taste.

 mapait yung lasa.

 bitter taste.
 No disadvantages  Sa ngayun wala pa naman.
experienced
 pag gumagamit ako wala
naman syang masamang epekto.

 wala pa naman siguro.

 wala pa naman siguro.

 sa paggamit namin wala pa

naman.

 wala pa naman sa ngayon.

 wala pa naman.

 wala naman.

 hindi ko lang alam.

Blood-related Disturbance to the  Delayed menstrual

natural blood cycle/menstruation.
malfunction

 Bumaba yung dugo ko at uric

behaviour
acid.

 nakakapagpababa ng dugo.

Disadvantages that are experienced while using

serpentina leaves are on the table above showing that the most
dominant disadvantage in using these leaves is the bitterness of it,
that sometimes it causes them to hardly take the serpentina tea.

There are some respondents who experienced blood-

related malfunction which they considered as disadvantage effects on
using serpentina leaves. While seven of them, says that they never
experience any disadvantage in using serpentina.

5. What other uses can you suggest about the Serpentina

leaves?
 Theme Codes Extract

Suggestive Purposive (for High blood)  Ang alam ko lang talaga pang
practices for high usage of Serpentina plant highblood lang.
blood/ as  sa highblood.
disinfectant and
blood related  wala akong maisip pang
issues highblood lang talaga.

 meron pa ba, sa highblood lang

kasi namin ginagamit eh.

 pang highblood lang talaga alam

ko.

 pang ano ng highblood.

 sa highblood lang alam ko eh.

 sa highblood lang talga alam ko.

 para sa highblood.

 may capsule na sya at tablet na

good for highblood.

 Ang alam ko ay maaari din itong

pagpapababa ng cholesterol at diabetes.

Practices as a disinfectant  Dikdik and budbud of Serpentina

and antibiotic leaves (dried).

 pang gamot sa sugat saka pang

tanggal ng galis ng aso.

 gawing antibiotic para sa pigsa at

sugat sa tenga.

Blood-related suggestion  Pwede rin sya sa dysmenorrhea.

Unrelated reply  Nag poproduce ata ng oxygen.

Not enough Lack of  Wala… hindi ko alam.

suggestion for knowledge/information of the
other uses of  ano pa ba… hindi ko alam.
other uses of Serpentina
 Serpentina  hindi ko alam eh pasensya na.

 wala… wala pa akong alam.

 hindi ko lang alam.

The table 5 are the suggestions given by the

respondents, more of them gave the suggestion that
investigatively same as the advantages they felt on the table 3.
Suggestions are common but will be useful for those who are not
using serpentina leaves. Others does not have enough
knowledge to give suggestions or any other information on using
serpentina leaves.

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,

CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this chapter, researchers has drawn the Summary of Findings,

Conclusions and Recommendations of the study and the results of the gathered
data.

Summary of Findings

1. The results gathered from the interview questions from table 1

and 2 shows the perception of the respondents in using serpentina leaves. From
table 1 , most of the answers of the respondents can be described as they are
using serpentina leaves for a long period of time until now and still counting, on
the other hand it can say that they know much about the benefits they can get
through a serpentina leaves that gives them a reason why they do keep using
serpentina leaves. The data from the Table 2 represents the perception of the
respondents on how they use serpentina leaves, most of them said that the are
using serpentina leaves as drinking tea like and it is the most common way of
intaking the serpentina leaves where they can get the benefits of it in the simplest
way.
 2. The knowledge of the respondents can be described in terms of
benefits and detriments. Based on the table 3, the benefits they can get through
serpentina leaves are

2.1. It helps them to reduce blood pressure

2.2. It gives the relaxation and helps them to soothe their feeling

2.3. They can use it as treatment for wounds and sickness.

23

In the benefits, the knowledge of the respondents are divided

into 3 and the researchers considered it as a wide knowledge because the
total of 21 respondents has different reasons why they are using
serpentina leaves and it is because of its different benefits.

On the Table4 detriments (disadvantages), most of them

described to the researchers the disadvantage they experienced in using
serpentina leaves is it is so bitter that's why the researchers can say that
the bitterness of serpentina leaves actually affects the convenience of
using the serpentina leaves, also a large part from the respondents doesn't
have any detriments experienced while using the serpentina leaves , and
the 3 left said that that the detriments they experienced in using serpentina
leaves is it leads them to a disturbance on natural blood behavior. From
the gathered data, researchers concluded that the knowledge of the
respondents in terms of benefits can be described as "quite wide "
because not all the respondents gave a concrete answer that will describe
a disadvantages experienced on using serpentina leaves

And last from the other use they can suggest in using
serpentina leaves, a large fraction of the respondents gave almost the
same answer or same thought as serpentina leaves can give a benefits
that are listed on the table 5.
 The findings 1 and 2 may have the part here in findings
3. Given in the findings 2 , the benefits and detriments are listed as if the
answers were combined as one, it can help enhance the usage of
serpentina leaves because the data results on the interview questions 3
and 4 can be a guide or a background about serpentina leaves. This may
help to a person who is about to use the serpentina leaves. And for the
users who are using serpentina leaves for a long period of time , getting
other's opinion on benefits and detriments experienced on using
serpentina leaves may help them to know what could be the other benefits
they can get through serpentina leaves.

24

Conclusions
Based on the analyzed gathered data, the conclusions
were drawn:
1. Respondents perception can be described based
on their experience on using serpentina leaves , those are the
benefits and detriments.
2. Respondents are aware of the benefits and
detriments of the serpentina leaves as shown from the analyzed
gathered data.
3.the researchers concluded that the results of this
study can help to:
3.1. Those who are planning to use serpentina
leaves. Because this study can be a background
or an idea about serpentina.
3.2. Other users who don't e know the other
benefits they can get from serpentina leaves.
 3.3. Other's who are new on using serpentina
leaves.

25

Recommendations

These are the recommendations that the researchers

drawn based on the findings of the research.
1. Start to practice the common use of Serpentina
leaves to achieve the benefits it gives.
2. Do not intake much of the leaves above the
suggested dosage for it may cause dangerous effects.
3. Try innovating the leaves, mixing it with other
herbs, fruits or veggies.
 26

APPENDICES
Interview questions :

1. How long have you been using sepentina leaves?

R#1matagal narin siguro

R#2hindi ko na matandaan eh matagal tagal na yun

R#3simula nung nalaman ko na nakagagamot pala ito

R#4mga 6 years na ganon

R#5di ko alam Kung ilan taon na pero matagal na yun

R#6hindi ko na matandaan basta matagal na yun

R#7ano..siguro na sa mga years na din

R#8simula nung nagkahighblood yung asawa ko

R#9medyo matagal tagal na rin

R#10 ah kelan ba yun.. Yung nagkahigh blood ako

R#11minsan pag sinusumpong ng high blood

R#12 ah serpentina Kung gaano na ako katagal gunagamit ..siguro mga

isang taon na rin

R#13matagal tagal na rin ehh..

 R#14 mahigit na siguro sa dalawang taon basta medyo matagal tagal na

R#15 nagsimula akong gumamit nung nalaman kong mataas ang dugo ko
ngayun ngayun lang ako gumamit ehh

R#16 1 year

R#17 since 2016

R#18 sampung taon

28

R#19 since 2017

R#20 paminsan minsan lang

R#21 2 months

R#21 minsan lang

2. How do you use serpentina leaves?

R#1 sa high blood

R#2 pinakukuluan sa mainit na tubig

R#3 iniinom lang

R#4 nilalaga sa tubig

R#5 yung asawa ko may high blood kaya yun pinaiinom namin

R#6 ginagamit namin yun sa high blood

R#7 sa lola ko may high blood siya he..

R#8 pinaiinom ko sa asawa ko

r#9pinakukuluan tapos iniinom na

 R#10 pinakukuluan tapos yun iniinom na ginagawang parang tsaa..
Parang kape yun iniinom lang

R#11 pinakukuluan Lang

R#12 binababad sa mainit na tubig

R#13 pinakukuluan sa mainit na tubig

R#14 binababad ko lang sa mainit na tubig tapos papalamigin tapos yun

ok na inumin

29

R#15 pinakukuluan tapos iinumin na parang kape medyo mapait talaga

siya

R#16 by using hot water(as medicine)

R#17 dalawang dahon binababad sa mainit na tubig sa mug

R#18 iniinon

R#19 ibinababad yung dahon sa mainit na tubig at iinumin

R#20 nilalagay sa mainit na tubig tapos iinumin na parang tea

R#21 nilalagay sa mainit na tubig tapos iinumin.

3. What are the benefits that one can get for a sepentina leaves?

R#1 nagagamit ito sa high blood

R#2 napapababa ang aking high blood

R#3 sa high blood

R#4 pagpapababa ng aking dugo

R#5 nagagamit ito sa high blood

R#6 ganon din.. Panggamot sa high blood

R#7 yun nga nakakagamot sa High blood

 R#8 kasi kaya ginagamit ito ng asawa ko sabi niya ay gumagaan daw ang
kanyang pakiramdam

R#9 yun nga nakakagamot ng high blood

R#10 epektibong paggamot ng high blood

R#11 kapag piling ko masama at medyo tumataas aking dugo at

sumasama ang pakiramdam ko umiinom ako nito at yun
nararamadaman ko na lang na unti unti na bumubuti ang paki
ramdam ko

30

R#12 pag nakakainom ako nito piling ko ay nahihimasmasan at

gumiginhawa ang pakiramdam ko

R#13 para sa sakit ng ngipin, ulo ,at tiyan

R#14 sa tingin ko maraming magandang maidudulot yan pero isa lang

talaga na alam ko at epektibo ay ang pang high blood talaga

R#15 ginagamit ko din yan pag nakakaranas ako ng desminariya

R#16 easy relief my headache or cough

R#17 gumaling sa lagnat sipon sakit

R#18 wala naman

R#19 gumaling sa pigsa at sugat sa tenga

R#20 it lessens the pain kapag may dysmenorrhea ako

R#21sa diabets

4. .What are the detriments (disadvantages) experienced in using serpentina

leaves?

R#1 sa ngayun wala pa naman

R#2 sobrang pait... Hirap inumin

R#3 hindi ko alam

 R#4 pag na sobrahan sa paginom ay maaring malakas ang pagtibok ng
puso

R#5 nagagamit sa panggamot ng high blood

R#6 pag gumagamit ako wala naman siyang masamang epekto

R#7 wala pa naman siguro

R#8 sa paggamit namin wala pa naman

31

R#9 Aggy. Yung sobrang pait

R#10 wala pa naman sa ngayun

R#11 mapait , mapakla

R#12 wala pa naman

R#13 masyado lang siyang mapait

R#14 ang ayaw ko lang sa serpentina ay yung sobrang pait

R#15 masyadong mapait

R#16 vomitting beacause of its bitterness after taste

R#17 bumaba yung dugo ko at uric acid

R#18 wala naman

R#19 mapait yung lasa

R#20 delayed menstruation

R#21 bitter taste

5. What other use can you suggest about the serpentina leaves?
R#1ang alam ko lang talaga pang high blood lang

R#2 sa high blood

R#3 wala... Hindi ko alam

R#4 ang alam ko ay maaari din itong pagpapababa ng cholesterol at

diabetes

R#5 wala akong maisip pang high blood lang talaga

R#6 ano pa ba.. Hindi ko alam

R#7 Hindi ko alam eh pasensyan na

32

R#8 meron pa ba sa high blood lang kasi namin ginagamit eh

R#9 pang high blood lang talaga alam ko

R#10 wala... Wala pa akong alam.

R#11 nag proroduce ata ng oxygen

R#12 pang ano ng high blood

R#13 pwede rin siya sa desminoriya

R#14 sa high blood lang alam ko eh..

R#15 sa high blood lang talaga alam ko

R#16 dikdik and budbud of serpentina leaves(dried)

R#17 pang gamot sa sugat;pang tanggal ng galis ng aso

R#18 para sa highblood

R#19 gawing antibiotic para sa pigsa at sugat sa tenga

R#20 may capsule na sya at tablet na good for highblood

R#21 hindi ko lang alam

 33

Validation Sheets
34
35
References

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Sarpagandha – whole herb v/s Reserpine – its alkaloid in the
management of the hypertension, International Ayurvedic
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Prusoff W.H. nd, Effect of reserpine on the 5-

hydroxytrytamine and adenosinetriphosphate of the dog
intestinal mucosa, British Journal of Pharmacology,
17,pp.87-91

Rolf S., Bruns H.J, Wichter T., Kirchhof P., Ribbing M., Wasmer
K., Paul M., Breithardt G.,. Haverkamp W., Eckardt L.nd, The
ajmaline challenge in Brugada syndrome:diagnostic impact, safety,
and recommended protocol, European Hert Journal,
24(12),pp.1104-1112. )

Prusoff W.H.nd, Effect of reserpine on the 5-hydroxytryptamine

and adenosine triphosphate of the dog intestinal
mucosa, British Journal of Pharmacology, 17,pp. 87-91.)

Britto J.D., Mahesh R.2007, Exploration of kani tribal botanical

knowledge in agasthiayamalai biosphere reserve-south
India, Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 11,, 258-265.retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pub...2015)

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Kirtikar K.R., Basu B. D.nd, Indian Medicinal
Plants, 2 Ed, Dehra Dun Publishers, Calcutta, India,pp.289.
Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pub...

R.A., Adedapo, B.O., Adeoye, A.A., Oyagbemi,T.O., Omobowale,

M.A., Yakubu 2017 FASEB Journal, 31(12), 47um sp. and A.
flavus

 K. Mishral 2009 malarial journal 8:26doi:10.1186/1475-

2875-8-26 retrieved from www.stuartxchange.org

Meenatchisundaram, Prajish, G Parameswari, T. Subbraj,

A. Michael, nd Internet Journal of Toxiciology, Vol 6, No 1
retrieved from www.stuartxchange.org

Dr. K. PADMALOCHANA 2017 Int J Pharm Bio Sci. retrieved from

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https://tropicalpalmherb.wixsite.com

37
 Curriculum Vitae
Name: Gerry M. Gajudo

Address: Francisco Homes-Mulawin Phase E

block 15

Email: [email protected]

Contact Number: 09164340774

Personal Background

Birthday: September 22, 2003

Civil Status: Single

Gender: Male

Nationality: Filipino

Educational Attainment

Senior High School

Paradise Farms National High School, City of San Jose Del Monte

2019-2020

Junior High School

Pangarap High School

2018-2019

Elementary

Pangarap Elementary

2015-2018
Name: Theona Roquita R. Ebid

Address: Blk. 18 Lt. 11 Phase 1 Northwinds

Brgy. Kaypian CSJDM

Email: [email protected]

Contact Number: 09078931057

Personal Background

Birthday: August 5, 2002

Civil Status: Single

Gender: Female

Nationality: Filipino

Educational Attainment

Senior High School

Paradise Farms National High School, City of San Jose Del Monte

2019-2020

Junior High School

Paradise Farms National High School, City of San Jose Del Monte

2015-2019

Elementary

Tungkong Mangga Elementary School, City of San Jose Del Monte

2013-2015
Name: Rica V. Artajo

Address:

Email:

Contact Number:

Personal Background

Birthday:

Civil Status: Single

Gender: Female

Nationality: Filipino

Educational Attainment

Senior High School

Paradise Farms National High School, City of San Jose Del Monte

2019-2020

Junior High School

Paradise Farms National High School, City of San Jose Del Monte

2015-2019

Elementary

Tungkong Mangga Elementary School, City of San Jose Del Monte

2013-2015