TABLE OF CONTENTS

1). INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................1

1.1.1. Need of Project...................................................................................................2

1.2. INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIZATION........................................................3

1.2.1. Client/My Internship Organization Introduction................................................3

1.2.1.1. Railcop................................................................................................................4

1.2.2. Contractor Introduction......................................................................................5

2). ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED.......................................................................................

2.1. DISMANTLING OF P.C.C, C.C, AND ROAD................................................6

2.2. DISMANTLING OF BRICKWORK OR TITLES FLOOR.............................7

2.3. TRENCH EXCAVATION.................................................................................7

2.4. SAND & EARTHWORK SUPERVISION.......................................................7

2.5. PIPE DIAMETER & SUBSEQUENT CONNECTION SUPERVISION.........8

2.6. EXCAVATION & CONSTRUCTION OF MANHOLE..................................8

2.7. 7 WEEKS WORK BREAKOUT.......................................................................9

3). ACTIVITIES OBSERVED..............................................................................................

3.1. UNIT CONVERSIONS...................................................................................12

3.2. TYPES OF PIPES USED IN THE FIELd.......................................................12

3.3. CPVC, UPVC, and PVC PIPES.......................................................................12

3.4. SELECTION OF PIPE FOR PROJECT..........................................................13

3.5. SUPERVISION ON JOINTING AND coNnection OF PVC PIPES..............13

3.5.1. Measurement of Length...................................................................................13

3.5.2. Jointing of Pipes Lengths.................................................................................14

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

3.5.2.1. 40 mm ø and 25mm ø pipes.............................................................................14

3.5.2.2. 6” ø and 4” ø pipes...........................................................................................14

3.5.3. Preparation of Connection Assembly...............................................................14

3.5.4. Joining to Sub Pipeline of 4” Ø........................................................................14

3.6. MARKING FOR CONNECTIONS AND PIPELINES..................................15

3.7. MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN CONNECTIONS.................................15

3.8. LAYER OF SAND AROUND MAIN PIPELINE AND SUB PIPELINES. . .15

3.9. CLIENT’S MEASUREMENTS FOR PREPARATION OF BILL.................16

3.10. PROCEDURE OF BILL PREPARATION.....................................................16

4). CORRELATION OF THE ACTIVITIES WITH STANDARDS..............................

4.1. MATERIAL VERIFICATION TEST (ASTM E1252)...................................17

4.2. LONGITUDINAL REVERSION TEST (IS 4985:2000)/ (ISO 2505-2005)...17

4.3. SUPERFICIAL APPEARANCE (BS3505:1986)...........................................18

4.4. SHORT TERM HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (PS-3051/1991)....................18

4.5. TESTS NOT PERFORMED............................................................................19

4.6. STANDARDS RELATED JOINTING AND FITTING UPVC PIPES..........19

5). STUDY OF DRAWING, DESIGN IF ANY...................................................................

5.1. STUDY OF PROFESSIONAL DRAWINGS.................................................20

5.2. EPANET 2.0 SOFTWARE ANALYSIS.........................................................21

6). DIFFICULTIES FACED.................................................................................................

6.1. UNAVAILABILITY OF HEAD OF HOUSE AT HOME..............................23

6.2. LESS KNOWLEDGE OF PRE-EXISTING WATER CONNECTIONS.......23

6.3. LOADSHADDING OF ELECTRICITY.........................................................23

6.4. MASSIVE TRAFFIC RUSH AND ROAD EXCAVATION..........................24

6.5. LESS KNOWLEDGE OF PRE-EXISTING FIBRE CABLES.......................24

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

6.6. CROSSING OF PIPELINE OVER 1100 KEV ELECTRIC CABLES...........24

6.7. PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE AGAINST ONE HOUSE ONE CONNECTION . . .24

6.7. PEOPLE’S EASY APPROACH TO HIGHER AUTHORITIES....................25

6.8. UNAVAILABILITY OF PARTITION OF BUNGALOWS IN MAP............25

7). SUMMARY AND KNOWLEDGE GAINED................................................................

APPENDIX.............................................................................................................................

1. MATERIAL USED............................................................................................29

2. MACHINARY USED.........................................................................................29

3. EQUIPMENT USED..........................................................................................30

4. PICTURES WHOSE REFERENCE IS GIVEN IN THE REPORT..................30

5. ACRONYM AND ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................41

REFERENCES..………………………………………………………………...……………………...42

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1 BURT COLONY SITE PLAN FOR PIPELINE..........................................20

FIGURE 2 SAND AND EARTH FILLING DRAWINGS............................................21
FIGURE 3 DISMANTLING OF P.C.C AND C.C FLOOR...........................................30
FIGURE 4 DISMANTLING WORK OF ROAD...........................................................31
FIGURE 5 DISMANTLING WORK OF TILES...........................................................31
FIGURE 6 TRENCH EXCAVATION...........................................................................32
FIGURE 7 EARTHWORK AND SAND BACKFILLING............................................32
FIGURE 8 6" Ø PIPE FOR MAIN PIPELINE AND 40mm Ø FOR SUBSEQUENT
BUNGALOW'S CONNECTION.......................................................................................33
FIGURE 9 EXCAVATION AND BRICKWORK FOR MANHOLE............................33
FIGURE 10 PLASTERED MANHOLE AND CONCRETE COVER OF MANHOLE. 34
FIGURE 11 JOINTING OF 40MM Ø PIPELINE AND 6" Ø PIPELINE.......................34
FIGURE 12 CONNECTION ASSEMBLY AND CONECTION....................................35
FIGURE 13 MARKING FOR CONNECTIONS.............................................................35
FIGURE 14 1ft MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN CONNECTIONS........................36
FIGURE 15 PREPARATION OF SAMPLE FOR TESTING..........................................36
FIGURE 16 UNLOADING OF MATERIAL...................................................................37
FIGURE 17 LAYING OF MAIN PIPELINE...................................................................37
FIGURE 18 TEST REPORTS OF THE SPECIMEN.......................................................38

FIGURE 19 EPANET SHEET 1/3 FOR TUBEWELL NO 12......................................39

FIGURE 20 EPANET SHEET 2/3 FOR TUBEWELL NO 14......................................39
FIGURE 21 EPANET SHEET 2/3 FOR TUBEWELL NO 8 AND 8-A........................40

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION...............................................................................2

TABLE 2 PROJECTS OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS......................................................3
TABLE 3 COMPLETED AND IN PROGRESS PROJECTS OF RAILCOP..................5
TABLE 4 PROJECTS LIST OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEER.....................5
TABLE 5 7 WEEKS WORK BREAKOUT.....................................................................9
TABLE 6 STANDARDS FOR JOINTING AND FITTING OF UPVC PIPES.............19
TABLE 7 ACRONYM AND ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................41

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, I would like to thank Almighty Allah, the most merciful and kind, and His
Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who is forever a torch of guidance and knowledge of
humanity as a whole. I do thank Allah’s blessings for my healthy life, healthy mind, and
for putting good ideas in my brain during this internship tenure. Using these ideas, I made
many decisions and they further strengthened my opinion in front of higher authorities.

I am extremely lucky to have the opportunity to work for Pakistan Railways. I would like
to express my deepest appreciation to the Construction manager/Divisional Engineer-I
Engr. Skhawat Ali, Inspector of Works-II Rana Manawar Hussain, and Site Supervisor
Zeeshan Ali. This dissertation would not have been possible without their assistance and
unwavering support. They remain a source of inspiration for me throughout the
preparation of this internship report.

During this short period of 7 weeks, I gained and learned too much knowledge about the
laying of new water supply pipelines and got practical experience. I learned practically
about the preparation of the sample for testing, analysis of test reports, quality control of
the material at the site, dismantling/excavation (road, C.C, P.C.C 1:4:8, Brickwork,
Titles), proper jointing of pipe, backfilling (providing of the sand layer around the pipe,
backfilling of excavated material), construction of manholes for sluice valves, pouring of
slabs for sluice valve.

I am also thankful to all the other supportive members for giving me their precious time
and valuable guidance during my internship program. I feel a deep sense of gratitude to
all for organizing such a knowledgeable and beneficial internship and always helping me
out with understanding the technical phenomenon of Civil Engineering.

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 1). INTRODUCTION

Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the
resources of nature to benefit humans. As a career oriented applied education, the civil
engineering student internship program bridges the gap between theory and practice and
provides students with practical field-based real work experience. I express my
satisfaction with the completion of this summer training program and report submission
as a part of the curriculum for the degree of civil engineering. The internship was a good
experience as far as engineering knowledge is concerned. Experience gained from the
internship will certainly be an asset in the future. I have done my one-month and about
two weeks (July 26th, 2021 to September 27th, 2021) internship at Pakistan Railways.

1.1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

I have done my internship on the project of “Replacement of Corroded Water Supply

Pipeline Between Railway Burt Colony and Washing Line Colony” in Lahore, held by
Pakistan Railways. The project phase of water supply work of the Washing Line Colony
was already completed before I joined as an internee on this project. The project was
delayed because Burt Colony contains Class-II and Class-III bungalows, and the simple
PVC pipes, 1-2, diameter were unable to meet the design requirements. So, for this
purpose, the company, M/S Infrastructure Engineers, which was performing its duties as a
contractor and providing and laying a new water supply pipeline, had to perform the test
before laying the new pipeline. The PLASCO Beta quality pipe meets the design
requirements (this pipe was also the approved brand in the Pakistan Railways Store) and
the project started in Burt Colony on 28th July 2021. During my training, 57 bungalows,
their attached servant quarters, and 13 allotted quarters connections were completed, and
2240 ft of mainline and 3320 ft of sub pipeline work was completed. I guarantee that all
the main pipelines, sub-pipelines, and branch lines are provided according to the
specifications and all the pipes

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 CHAPTER #1 INTRODUCTION

used are tested and allowed by AEN-III of Pakistan Railways, Divisional Office Lahore,
Humayun Altaf.

1.1.1. NEED OF PROJECT

The pre-installed water supply system was half a century old and the pipes used were
Galvanized Iron Pipes and they were filled with rust. Higher authorities have received
many complaints from the public regarding the shortage of water and the unavailability of
clean water. Many times, the sub pipeline was blocked due to rusting, and the water in
that area was cut off and rodding was done to overcome this difficulty. To overcome this
water shortage in the area, Pakistan Railways decided to change the water supply
arrangement from galvanized iron pipelines to PVC and UPVC pipelines. The main and
sub-pipelines were designed and decided to be made of PVC, and the branch pipelines
were decided to be made of UPVC pipes.

TABLE 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Location of Project Burt Colony near Railways Headquarter Office,

Muhammad Nagar Lahore & Pakistan Railways
Washing Line Colony

Scope of Project Replacement of Corroded Water supply pipeline

Railway Burt Colony & Washing Line Colony Lahore

Cost of Project 19165907 (19.165907 Million)

Completion Period 06- Months

Material Used PLASCO PVC Pipes (Approved Brand in Railways) &

UPVC Beta Pipes

Client/ Supervision Pakistan Railways

Contractor M/s Infrastructure Engineers

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 CHAPTER #1 INTRODUCTION

Client’s Office Pakistan Railways Divisional Superintendent Office,

Lahore

Contractor Office 25-A/1 1st Floor Davis House Davis Road, Lahore

1.2. INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIZATION

I had done my internship at Pakistan Railways as a client site and M/S Infrastructure
Engineer was the contractor of the project.

1.2.1. CLIENT/MY INTERNSHIP ORGANIZATION INTRODUCTION

Pakistan Railways is a public-sector organization, earlier known as the Pakistan Western

Railway (1947 to 1974). In 1947, when Pakistan achieved independence, 8,122
kilometers of railway tracks were adopted. The Pakistan Railways have ample space for
the accommodation of government employees. Railways provide all facilities to their
resident. The project on which I have done internship is also related to this.

Pakistan Railways have many projects going on for renovations and new constructions.

TABLE 2 PROJECTS OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS

Sr. Project Title Remarks

1 Water Supply Pipeline at Burt Colony & Washing Line Lahore In Progress

2 Construction of ARC Furnace foundation along with transformer

and control panel rooms and cooling system in foundry shop in In Progress
steel shops, Mugalpura

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 CHAPTER #1 INTRODUCTION

3 Re-construction/ Upgradation of Sahiwal Station, and laying of Completed

Railways Track to Yousaf wala Power Plant.

4 Re-Construction/Up-Gradation of Narowal Railway Station Completed

5 Construction of Railways Bridge at Aik Moria Pull Lahore Completed

6 Replacement of Jack Arch Roof with R.C.C slab of Walton

Block, Pakistan Railways Head Quarter Office, Lahore. Completed

7 Renovation of 2nd Floor of Walton Block and construction of

Washrooms and ablution room at 2nd floor Walton Block Completed
Pakistan Railways Head Quarter Office, Lahore.

1.2.1.1. RAILCOP

Railway Constructions Pakistan Limited (RAILCOP), a subsidiary of the Ministry of

Railways was incorporated as a Public Limited Company on 9 th August 1980 under
companies Act 1913 (amended by Companies Ordinance 1984). RAILCOP is registered
with the Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP). Also registered with
Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) as category C-A (No Limit Contractor). RAILCOP
is a member of the Islamabad Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ICCI) and also
enlisted with different Government/Semi-Government and Private Organizations in
Pakistan for various infrastructure works.

RAILCOP Head Office is situated at Islamabad, whereas its Branch Offices are situated
at Lahore, Multan, Sukkur and Karachi.

Two to three years ago, all the construction of Pakistan Railways was carried out by
RAILCOP. Now on Pakistan Railways, the project bid is awarded after merit and
checking of financial and technical bids of different firms.

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 CHAPTER #1 INTRODUCTION

TABLE 3 COMPLETED AND IN PROGRESS PROJECTS OF RAILCOP

Sr. Project Remarks

1 New Dry Port and Transit Goods facilities at
Azakhel, Pir Pai Railway Station, Nowshera Completed
(phase-II)
2 Renovation and extension of Govt. College Completed
for Women, Near Railway Station,
Rawalpindi
3 Re-Construction/Up-Gradation of Narowal Completed
Railway Station
4 Construction of 3 Blocks comprising 16 Completed
Quarters each for Railway Staff at Lahore
5 Construction of Girls Hostel at Fatima Jinnah Completed
Women University, Rawalpindi
6 Construction of Heavy Repair shop at New Completed
Diesel Shed, Lahore

1.2.2. CONTRACTOR INTRODUCTION

The Infrastructure Engineer was the contractor for the project. Details of projects
completed and underway are:

TABLE 4 PROJECTS LIST OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEER

Sr. Project Remarks

1 Re-construction/ Upgradation of Sahiwal Railway Station Completed
and laying of Railway Line to Yousaf Wala Power Plant
2 Replacement of corroded water supply pipeline Railway In Progress
Burt Colony & Washing Line Colony at Lahore.

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 2). ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED

At the beginning of my internship, the Divisional Engineer-I of Pakistan Railways Lahore

Division accepted my internship letter and sent me to work with IOW-II, Rana Manawar.
The Inspector of Works (IOW-II) allocated my duty with one site supervisor Zeeshan Ali.
Also, the inspector of works (IOW-II) gave me materials to study about the project. The
materials I studied included reports of previously carried out phase of project. Then, I was
asked to inspect the construction site, monitor progress, ensure conformance to
engineering plans, specifications, safety standards, and manage maintenance activities at
the project site, ensuring that the work is constructed to good quality in line with the
specification and good working practice. Giving clear directions to workers as to what
needs to be done to avoid repetitive mistakes by the workers. The following are the
activities that I participated in during construction:

2.1. DISMANTLING OF P.C.C, C.C, AND ROAD

I supervised the site where the water supply pipeline was laid. My job entailed inspecting
and directing the worker team by the drawings and instructions provided. I was working
under the supervision of the Inspector of Works-II Rana Manawar Hussain and according
to their instructions, I carried out the work assigned by them. There was P.C.C, C.C floor
and road were present and we had to dismantle them to lay our main, sub, and branch
pipes. So, I directed the workmen to the right location for the pipe, and they disassembled
it accordingly. Manpower was used to dismantle it. Mostly, the thickness of P.C.C & C.C
at the site was 2” to 3”. But where we found it hard, we used demolition hammer
machinery. Figure No.3 in the appendix showing the dismantling of P.C.C and C.C Floor.

Dismantling the road was the toughest thing I faced. On the road, we had to dismantle at
least 1ft depth and 6” width for branch lines and 4ft depth and 1.5 ft width for sub

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pipelines. That was a time-consuming task. We were working on the road where massive
traffic

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 CHAPTER #2 ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED

passes daily. We provided an alternate route and carried out dismantling work on the road
and laid the branch line, sub pipeline, and mainline. The demolition hammer was used for
road dismantling and then widened it using iron beater.

2.2. DISMANTLING OF BRICKWORK OR TITLES FLOOR

Dismantling of brickwork is carried out by manpower. The dismantling work of tiles and
bricks was done by using the iron beater. First, the tiles or bricks were removed from the
surface where we had to laid our pipeline then we widened the area using the iron beater
and after laying the pipeline again provided the dismantled tiles and bricks on the surface.
Figure No. 5 in the appendix depicts the dismantling of tiles and bricks.

2.3. TRENCH EXCAVATION

Trench excavation is mostly carried out for the main pipeline. Trench excavation is
carried out at the site for water supply pipelines up to 5 ft (1.5m) depth from ground level
to the design section, line grade, and profile according to the design, drawing, and
instructions in all types of soil. This excavation is mostly carried out using a dismantling
hammer (for hard surfaces), an iron beater, hoe, and spade (to remove soil from the
excavated area). Major quantities of excavation at the time of bill preparation were
quantities of trench excavation. Trench excavation is shown in figure No. 6 of the
appendix.

2.4. SAND & EARTHWORK SUPERVISION

After all the excavation and pipeline laying and jointing, laborers backfill the excavated
area. The removed tiles and bricks are again provided on the surface. On the other hand,
the P.C.C, C.C, and the road area were also backfilled by the laborers. I guaranteed that
all the work of the main pipeline and sub pipeline which were completed under my tenure

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 CHAPTER #2 ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED

were fully covered with sand and earth and all the material sand or earthwork was
honestly and properly utilized and compacted. None of the pipes are exposed to the
atmosphere or bare on the road. It was written in the agreement estimate that after all the
pipeline work is completed, the excavated part will be treated with P.C.C after making
sure that no joints are leaked or any barriers in the path of flowing water, but this activity
was still pending at the time I left the site.

2.5. PIPE DIAMETER & SUBSEQUENT CONNECTION SUPERVISION

During my training, 57 bungalows, their attached servant quarters, and 13 allotted

quarters connections were completed, and 2240 ft of mainline (6” Ø) and 3320 ft of sub
pipeline (4” Ø) work were completed. I guaranteed that all the main pipelines and the
sub-pipelines are according to the diameter mentioned in the specification and also the
proper length was provided as it was instructed to me by the Inspector of work-II. Also,
each connection is provided according to the mentioned instructions. Each connection of
40mm Ø (1") is provided for each bungalow, whether it is Class-II or Class-III. And one
3
connection of 25mm in diameter ( ") is provided to their servant quarters.
4

2.6. EXCAVATION & CONSTRUCTION OF MANHOLE FOR SLUICE

VALVE

There was a need for two sluice valves on main pipeline for proper management of water
because there were three tube wells present on the construction site. Two of them had
overhead water tanks and one was direct pumping. We provided the sluice valve on the
mainline where the water of two overhead tanks was distributed to two branch lines. The
excavation required for the manhole decided by the (IOW-II) & Divisional Engineer was
4’ wide, 4’ length, and 5’ depth. The excavation was done by the excavation assembly
according to provided dimensions. Figure No. 9 of the appendix shows the excavation of
the manhole.

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 CHAPTER #2 ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED

After the excavation, the construction of the manhole starts. First of all, P.C.C (1:4:8) was
done on the floor of the manhole. I supervised the mix ratio. After that, the brickwork of
the 9" wall was done with a mix of 1:4 and the plaster on the wall of the manhole was
also done with a mix of 1:4. The walls of the manhole were kept 4.5" above the road
level. Because it was constructed on the side of the road, there was a fear that someone
would park their vehicle on it and it was going to be used twice a day for providing water
to one branch line and then another branch line. Constructed manhole is shown in figure
No. 9 of the appendix.

The slab for the sluice valve was also constructed at the site. Its thickness was kept at 3"
according to the brick size. First of all, the steel was bound at #4@6" on both sides. Then
the concrete of 1:2:4 mix was prepared and poured into the slab. The size of the slab was
kept at 4’ wide and 4’ long.

2.7. 7 WEEKS WORK BREAKOUT

These are my 7 weeks of work details during my internship at Pakistan Railways.

TABLE 5 7 WEEKS WORK BREAKOUT

7 weeks work breakout

 Reported to Divisional Engineer office and allotted duty with

1 Week
st
(IOW-II)
(26th July to 1st
August)  Study about the project & its phases

 Preparation of 1st bill

1st week I didn’t visit the site because the work of phase-I was completed and the
bill was prepared at the time I joined the IOW-II office.

 Study of Test Reports

2nd Week  Instruction about how to supervise work

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 CHAPTER #2 ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED

(2nd August to 8th  Reading of drawings & location of tube wells and overhead
August)
tanks.

 Site visit and measurements for the next phase of work.

 Introduction with the site supervisor

3rd Week
(9th August to  Introduction to the laborer’s
15th August
 Visit the site and get an idea about what work is going on.
3rd Week
(9th August to  Report at the Inspector of works (IOW-II) office.
15th August
 3rd week, 2400ft of 40mm and 300ft of 25mm pipelines were
laid and covered 12 bungalows and their servant quarters.

 Site visit and preparation of rough estimate of the material used.

 Marking of completed work on the completed drawing

 Survey of the site for proper water connection at each bungalow.

4th Week
 Markings on walls about the number of connections in each
(16th August to
street.
22th August)
 Locating an already present water connection line with the fitter
of the area.

 4th week, 1350ft of 40mm and 225ft of 25mm pipeline were laid
and covered 9 Bangalow. Moreover, 300ft of mainline (6”) and
520ft of sub pipeline were laid.

Three holidays are in the 4th week. 9th & 10th Mahram-Ul- Haram and Sunday

 Supervision on the construction of a manhole for sluice valve

 Instructions to the labor for excavation on new sub pipelines of

4".
5th Week
 Supervision of the slab of manhole pouring and curing.
(23th August to
29th August)  Supervision for each connection to each bungalow and 1

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 CHAPTER #2 ACTIVITIES PARTICIPATED

connection for their servant quarters.

 5th week, 15 Banglows were covered by 2250ft of 40mm, and

370ft of 25mm pipes. Moreover, a 440ft mainline (6”) and a
700ft sub pipeline (4”) were laid.

 Supervision of sand and earthwork backfilling for main and sub

pipelines.

 Survey of the site & marking for connections

 Instructions to labor for new excavation for mainline and branch

lines
6th Week
(30th September  Laying of 6” mainline and 4” sub pipeline.
to 5th
September)  Instruction to laborers for excavation in front of P.R. Axis
College and P.R Lady Griffen School for mainline.

 6th week, 14 Banglows were covered by 2100ft of 40mm, and

340ft of 25mm pipes. Moreover, an 800ft mainline (6”) and a
900ft sub pipeline (4”) were laid.

 Connection of mainline with direct pumping tube well.

7th Week  Laying of new mainline in front of P.R. Axis College and P.R
(5th September Lady Griffen School
to 8th
September)  Supervision of sand and earthwork.

 Last week, 7 Banglows were covered by 1050ft of 40mm, and

105ft of 25mm pipes. Moreover, 700ft of mainline (6”) and
1200ft of sub pipeline (4”) were laid.

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 3). ACTIVITIES OBSERVED

3.1. UNIT CONVERSIONS

At the internship, I was also familiar with the system of the unit which is most widely
used in Pakistan. Although SI is the internationally accepted unit system, FPS units are
still used in Pakistan’s construction industry. However, unit conversion was not a
problem for me because I had considered it in previous semesters.

3.2. TYPES OF PIPES USED IN THE FIELD

During this training, I learnt about different types of pipes used in the field. Also, I know
about how different types of pipes are recommended for different designing situations.
One type is S.S. pipe and G.I pipes and the other is C-PVC, UPVC, and PVC pipes. The
S.S. and G.I. pipes are durable and highly recommended, but we can face problems in the
future, like the inner surface of the G.I pipes rusting from the inside and the pressure of
the liquid flowing from them dropping. However, PVC, UPVC, and CPVC did not
experience any such problem, resulting in a drop in pressure.

3.3. CPVC, UPVC, AND PVC PIPES

CPVC pipes are used for hot water, i.e., they are designed for water at a temperature of
90oC to 93oC, and they are mostly used for the geyser outlet pipe, but if the temperature
exceeds 93oC, it will burst. The UPVC pipes can hold the temperature of fluid up to 55°C.
It is called unplasticized polyvinyl chloride. UPVC pipes are a little bit more expensive
than PVC pipes. UPVC pipes can be used for household water fittings other than the
geyser pipe. PVC pipes are truly made up of polyvinyl chloride and can be used for both
water

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 CHAPTER #3 ACTIVITIES OBSERVED

and sewerage fittings. In our project, the PVC pipe of PLASCO company was used for
main pipelines and sub pipeline. While the branch lines were UPVC of Beta Quality.

3.4. SELECTION OF PIPE FOR PROJECT

The pipes are selected by collecting all the design data, i.e., the pressure of the fluid,
temperature of the fluid which will flow through the pipe. The water is flowing through
the overhead tank and 150 litres of water is moving downward under pressure. If the
selected material is not designed according to the pressure, the pipe may burst. Similarly,
if the temperature of the fluid is not factored into the design, the pipe may expand and the
joints may leak.

3.5. SUPERVISION ON JOINTING AND CONNECTION OF PVC PIPES

Supervision on jointing and laying of pipe is quite important task. Once the pipe is laid
and dumped, how much length is laid, which diameter of pipe was used, which type of
joint they made, which level pipe was laid is impossible to calculate from nay formula or
assumption. So, at the end all the burden will fall on the supervisor, who was in charge of
the work and was not present during the execution of work.

3.5.1. MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH

The length is measured from the sub pipeline of 4" Ø to the main water connection of the
bungalow or servant quarters.

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 CHAPTER #3 ACTIVITIES OBSERVED

3.5.2. JOINTING OF PIPES LENGTHS

At the site we jointed different types of pipes i.e., branch lines 40mm Ø, 25 mm Ø and
main pipeline and sub pipelines of 6” Ø and 4” Ø.

3.5.2.1. 40 mm Ø AND 25mm Ø PIPES

After measurement of lengths, the pipes are jointed according to the lengths measured.
i.e., we got a 25’ length on bungalow no 100 and we have to join two lengths of 13’ and
provide connection. Jointing was done with the help of a PPR electric heater.

3.5.2.2. 6” Ø AND 4” Ø PIPES

The 6” and 4” pipes are joined together using adhesive cement: first, the adhesive cement
is applied to the pipe, then the second pipe from the open side is applied to the pipe and
hit from the back, going 6” to another pipe.

3.5.3. PREPARATION OF CONNECTION ASSEMBLY

Connection assembly contains one or two ft (depending upon the depth of sub pipeline)
3
25mm pipe one reducer of 25mm to 40mm ( ” to 1") and one elbow. These are
4
connected in series as mentioned. This connection assembly was joined with the help of a
PPR electric heater.

3.5.4. JOINING TO SUB PIPELINE OF 4” Ø

Page 15 of 42
 CHAPTER #3 ACTIVITIES OBSERVED

One clamp, two bolts, and one piece of rubber are required for the joining of the
connection assembly to the sub pipeline. The purpose of rubber is that there will be no
leakage after connection. After the fixing of the clamp on the main pipeline, a hot iron
1
piece of ” Ø is required for hole on sub pipeline and then we connected the connection
2
assembly to it with the help of specially formulated primer adhesive cement for PVC.

3.6. MARKING FOR CONNECTIONS AND PIPELINES

I have strict instructions related to connections. There is only one connection of 40mm
3
(1") for one bungalow, whether it is Class-II or Class-III, and one connection of 25mm (
4
") for the servant quarters of that bungalow. Quarters may vary from three, four, five, but
only one connection is allowed for them. For this purpose, we complete our marking
work one day before starting work in that area (street). Marking for connection was done
with the help of paint spray. Two senior (working for years as plumbers) plumbers of
Railways, Muhammad Hanif and Muhammad Iqbal, were also with us. They also guided
the lay-mans.

3.7. MAINTAINING OF MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN

CONNECTIONS

The minimum distance between each connection was kept at 1ft. As it was written in the
instructions. The reason was that each connection could carry enough water without
affecting the efficiency of another connection. I guarantee that the minimum distance
between each connection was more than 1ft and none of the connections was leaked,
which was tightened under my supervision.

3.8. LAYER OF SAND AROUND MAIN PIPELINE AND SUB PIPELINES

Page 16 of 42
 CHAPTER #3 ACTIVITIES OBSERVED

The layer of sand of 6” was filled around the mainline and sub pipeline. According to the
2018 International Plumbing Code (IPC) 306.2.2 Where rock is encountered in trenches,
the rock shall be removed to not less than 3 inches (76mm) below the installation level of
the bottom of the pipe. The trench shall be backfilled to the installation level of the
bottom of the pipe with sand tamped in place to provide uniform load-bearing support for
the pipe between joints. The pipe, including the joints, should not rest on a rock at any
point.

3.9. CLIENT’S MEASUREMENTS FOR PREPARATION OF BILL

After the work Phase-I was completed, the contractor (The Infrastructure Engineer) slow
down the work to get payment from the client (Pakistan Railways). The client’s
employees measure the completed work quantities. The quantities of our project were
pipes of different Øs and excavation. These were two major quantities.

3.10. PROCEDURE OF BILL PREPARATION

The procedure for the preparation of the bill was that the client’s employee measured the
completed work and then prepared the bill in the measurement book. IOW-II prepared the
bill. After the preparation of the bill, the Assistant Engineer-III checks it. Then it was
finally sent to Divisional Engineer-I for final checking and then the payment in the form
of a check was paid to the contractor.

Page 17 of 42
CHAPTER #3 ACTIVITIES OBSERVED

Page 18 of 42
 4). CORRELATION OF THE ACTIVITIES WITH STANDARDS

Material Sample was prepared on the site (sealed) and was tested from the Polymer
Department, The University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. The following tests
were performed on the PVC pipes.

4.1. MATERIAL VERIFICATION TEST (ASTM E1252)

The technique used for this test was Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR).
This test was done according to ASTM E1252. In FTIR, Molecular vs Atomic analysis is
done. This analysis was done on an FTIR spectrometer, which uses infrared light. The
sample was placed in the FTIR spectrometer. The sample absorbed the infrared light
according to its capacity and the remaining transmitted infrared light was detected by the
detector and software plotted the graph between Wavenumber [cm-1] and %
Transmission. After that, this graph is compared with the already present graph of
material that is being tested in the software. Hence, the material detected in our case was
Polyvinyl Chloride and its test report for different pipe diameters is attached in the figure
18 in the Appendix.

4.2. LONGITUDINAL REVERSION TEST (IS 4985:2000)/ (ISO 2505-2005)

As per IS 4985: 2000 for U PVC pipes and IS 15778:2007 for PVC pipes, the
longitudinal shrinkage or reversion shall be less than 5% when tested at 150°C. Also, ISO
2505-2005 is used for this test. A piece of pipe of 200mm length was taken. We marked
three 100mm gauge lengths on this pipe and put the prepared pipe sample in the hot air
oven for 1 hour. After 1 hour, we measured all the gauge lengths. We took the average of
these three lengths, and then minus them from 100, we got our reversion. This reversion

Page 19 of 42
testing of the pipe is very important because if we do not test it, the situation may be
worse:

Page 20 of 42
 CHAPTER #4 CORRELATION OF THE ACTIVITIES WITH STANDARDS

 The pipe will bend on exposure to sunlight.

 The pipe will curl during socketing.

 The pipe will fail in impact.

 The inside surface will be rough.

The test result of our UPVC was that reversion was within the limits when we place it at
150oC for an hour. The test reports are attached in Appendix Figure no 18.

4.3. SUPERFICIAL APPEARANCE (BS3505:1986)

The superficial appearance test is done according to British Standard BS 3505:1986. The
sample is viewed with magnification. The internal and external surfaces of the pipe
should be free from defects and the internal surface should appear clean. Pipe wall
roughness tends to be a more important factor in determining frictional pressure drop. Our
sample’s internal surface and external surfaces of the pipe sample were free from defects
and the internal surfaces were clean. The Test Report is attached in the Appendix Figure
18.

4.4. SHORT TERM HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (PS-3051/1991)

This test was done under PS-3051/1991. The range of samples mentioned in the standard
should be 250mm to 750mm and our sample has a length of 500mm. Our sample was
designed for 10.31 MPa of pressure. The sample should be covered on both sides and put
in the bathtub at room temperature (27oC is most recommended in the literature). Now the
pressure in bars should be applied for 1 hour according to equation 4.19 × Designed
Pressure. In our case, it was 4.19 × 10.31, which was 43.2 bar for 1 hour. Our test sample
was tested against 43.2 bar for 1 hour and no failure was observed.

Page 21 of 42
 CHAPTER #4 CORRELATION OF THE ACTIVITIES WITH STANDARDS

4.5. TESTS NOT PERFORMED

PLASCO Pipes were the main material used at the site. PLASCO PIPES INDUSTRIES
(PVT) Ltd is recognized around Pakistan as one of the leading manufacturers of pipes and
fittings that are ever ready to undertake even the most demanding projects. Many of the
quality control reports were already attached to the company's profile handbook. So,
Pakistan Railways authorities IOW & Divisional Engineers did not consider it important
to conduct more tests on the material. The tests that were not performed are long-term
hydrostatic strength at 20oC, long-term hydrostatic pressure resistance at 60oC, the effect
of water quality, opacity, resistance to delamination, impact resistance at 20 oC, and
fracture toughness.

4.6. STANDARDS RELATED JOINTING AND FITTING UPVC PIPES

These are some other standards that were used for jointing and fitting UPVC pipes.

TABLE 6 STANDARDS FOR JOINTING AND FITTING OF UPVC PIPES

Sr Description ASTM/BS Standards

1 Measurement of the dimensions of pipes BS 2782: Method 1101A

2 Joints and fitting for use with unplasticized PVC BS 4346

pressure pipes

3 Mechanical joints and fittings, principally of BS 4346-2

unplasticized PVC

4 Specification for manufacture and installation BS5750-2

5 Guide for use of installation of UPVC BS5750-5

6 Plastic Pipework CP 312

Page 22 of 42
CHAPTER #4 CORRELATION OF THE ACTIVITIES WITH STANDARDS

Page 23 of 42
 5). STUDY OF DRAWING, DESIGN IF ANY

5.1. STUDY OF PROFESSIONAL DRAWINGS

The study of professional drawing was also a hectic task for me because I didn’t know
most of the notations which were used to represent different things, like notations used
for servant quarters and the entrance of Class-II and Class-III bungalows, were new to
me. I visited the Drawing Office Railways Head Quarters in Lahore where this drawing
was traced. Sir Waseem Ahmed was the office superintendent of the Drawing Office.
They guided me properly. Also, Hafiz Muhammad Qasim from the drawing office guided
me. Sir IOW-II Rana Munawar and AIOW-II Muhammad Abid Khattak from Pakistan
Railways Divisional Office, Lahore, also guided me with their valuable suggestions.

FIGURE 1 BURT COLONY SITE PLAN FOR PIPELINE

Page 24 of 42
 CHAPTER #5 STUDY OF DRAWING

FIGURE 2 SAND AND EARTH FILLING DRAWINGS

5.2. EPANET 2.0 SOFTWARE ANALYSIS

EPANET is a software application used throughout the world to model water distribution
systems. It was developed as a tool for understanding the movement and fate of drinking
water constituents within distribution systems and can be used for many different types of
applications in distribution systems analysis. Today, engineers and consultants use
EPANET to design and size new water infrastructure, retrofit existing aging
infrastructure, optimize operations of tanks and pumps, reduce energy usage, investigate
water quality problems, and prepare for emergencies. 

I used this software during my training. The hydraulic statement was provided by the
IOW-II and, according to their maximum daily demand, I ran the analysis of three
different tube wells pumping and daily demands. Tube well No. 12, which was installed
near Ghari Shahu Shalimar flats, is fully fulfilling the demand of the area, which contains
83 bungalows (including their servant quarters) and allotment quarters. Figure 19 in the
appendix is related to the analysis of tube well no. 12.

Tube well no. 14, which was installed in front of bungalow no. 148, also fulfills the need
for 107 bungalows (including their servant quarters) and allotment quarters. Analysis of
tube well no 5.3 is attached in figure no. 20 of the appendix. Tube well no 14 was a direct
pumping system without an overhead tank.

Page 25 of 42
 CHAPTER #5 STUDY OF DRAWING

Tube well no. 8 and 8-A were installed in Carson Ground and these two tube wells fulfill
the daily requirement of 262 bungalows (including servant quarters) and allotment
quarters. Figure 21 shows joined analysis of these two tube wells.

Page 26 of 42
 6). DIFFICULTIES FACED

6.1. UNAVAILABILITY OF HEAD OF HOUSE AT HOME

Because of this issue, I faced too much difficulty. For most of the pipeline connection, the
head of the house was not at home, and their little children were guiding us about where
the pipeline was present and we had to connect with it. And for most of the houses, we
left work pending for the holiday because the only female was at home and they didn’t
open the door.

6.2. LESS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PRE-EXISTING WATER

CONNECTIONS

For most of the houses, I was not aware of which path was short for the connection of the
pipe to the electric motor/ main water system. For this reason, we faced difficulties like
one house was going to be covered with 120 ft of 40mm Ø pipe. The sub pipeline was
laid wrong and that house was covered with a 260ft long pipeline.

6.3. LOAD SHEDDING OF ELECTRICITY

The demolition hammer for excavation and the electric heater for jointing of pipes were
both operated by electricity, and we faced difficulty due to load-shedding of electricity.
This difficulty worried the workers. In the end, the contractor company arranged an
electric generator to overcome this difficulty.

Page 27 of 42
 CHAPTER #6 DIFFICULTIES FACED

6.4. MASSIVE TRAFFIC RUSH AND ROAD EXCAVATION

There were many streets in front and back of the bungalows, and most of the roads we
excavated were carrying traffic from the main road of Ghari Shahu and taking it to the
railway station. For 24 hours, the roads were full of traffic. So, although we provided an
alternate path for the traffic, we still faced traffic problems. We provided a safety ribbon
and construction in progress board to carry out our excavation work.

6.5. LESS KNOWLEDGE OF PRE-EXISTING FIBRE CABLES

Our team does not know where the fiber cables were present. Many times, we cut it
during excavation and faced many difficulties. If we were provided this drawing (location
of pre-existing fiber cables) by Pakistan Railways, then we could be safe from this issue.

6.6. CROSSING OF WATER PIPELINE OVER 1100 KEV ELECTRIC

CABLES

On the main road, we faced the difficulty of the electricity line of 1100 keV passing
below our water supply pipeline. We were not aware of it, but when we started
excavating we found that the electricity line was passing 3ft below, and we also have the
same designed depth for our water supply pipeline. The work at the site was stopped by
the laborers when they learned about the voltage present in the electric cable. If it were
decided before, then we could work more efficiently without facing this problem.

6.7. PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE AGAINST ONE HOUSE ONE CONNECTION

POLICY

Many of the houses had more than one family living in them, and they have a separate
water system. They wanted us to provide them with two or three connections of water,

Page 28 of 42
 CHAPTER #6 DIFFICULTIES FACED

but we were not allowed more than one connection for one house. We strictly followed
these rules.

6.7. PEOPLE’S EASY APPROACH TO HIGHER AUTHORITIES

Many of the people have approach to higher authorities, and they compelled us to provide
them one or two connections. Even though we had completed the work on that street, we
again transferred our instruments to that street and completed the work according to their
desire. If we don’t have this difficulty, then the work can be more perfect and according
to equality.

6.8. UNAVAILABILITY OF PARTITION OF BUNGALOWS IN MAP

About 5 years ago, many of the bungalows were divided into parts and Pakistan Railways
did not provide any maps in which those partitions were shown. So, we faced difficulties.
For example, many bungalows had been divided into 4 parts, and on the map, only one
was shown. The connection to those particular bungalows was also in the drawing. So, as
the work was progressing, I created a completion drawing in which all the partitions were
shown.

Page 29 of 42
 7). SUMMARY AND KNOWLEDGE GAINED

My seven-week internship is summarized in this report, which contains my activities,

meetings, and experiences. I supervised the site on the client’s (Pakistan Railways) side
and helped to organize new activities and coordinate events going on at the site. It was
quite a learning experience for me. It was fascinating to see how my theoretical
knowledge relates to the real world. These are the few concepts I learned during my
internship.

 Priority should be given to the quality of the work over time.

 Sand should be provided around the pipeline to save it during heavy pressure
otherwise it will burst.
 All the pipelines should be provided at the same designed level, otherwise, the
pressure will drop or increase below the designed pressure.
 Elbows reduce the water pressure in the pipe.
 Theoretical knowledge and field knowledge are entirely different things. We also
need field knowledge.
 Sluice valves were used to control the flow of water.
 Punctuality and presence at the site before the laying of the pipe are quite important to
supervise the pipe laid, the diameter of the pipe used, and the quality of the pipe.
 Site engineers need to manage the alternatives so that the work will not stop.
 The quality control test of the material is very important to determine the quality of
the work.
 Properly dealing with different backgrounds people and giving instructions to workers
is also a hectic task.
 The safety of the laborers is also the duty of the site supervisor.

Priority was given to the quality of work overtime. The site supervisor divided the total
work of the phase over days. i.e., the calculated length of a day from the above formula
for the laying of a pipe of 40mm in diameter was 400 ft and a pipe of 25mm in diameter

Page 30 of 42
was 250ft. Laborers try to complete this length of pipe in one day. They ensure each joint
that will not leak after the completion of work.

Page 31 of 42
 CHAPTER #7 SUMMARY AND KNOWLEDGE GAINED

Ensure that the mainline and branch lines are properly placed and that none of the pipes
are resting on bare stone; there should be sand around the pipes so that there are no pipe
ruptures in the future due to the massive pressure in the pipe.

In the field, we tried to place all the pipe at the same designed level, i.e. if it is written 3ft
down then we have to excavate 3 ft 6in. 6in for sand around the pipe. The purpose of this
is that if the mainline and the sublines are not at the same level (different elevations), then
it will have an impact on pressure and the velocity of fluid flowing through the pipe.

Elbows reduce the pressure and velocity of the fluids flowing through them. So, we need
to think about other options instead of providing excessive elbows.

Before my internship training, I thought that the theoretical knowledge I had was enough
to take my place in the field. But after this training, I came to realize that theoretical
knowledge was not enough. In theory, we learn about UPVC pipe jointing and a simple
jointing system in which one socket and pipe are joined by a heater, but in practice, I
encountered many situations such as UPVC pipes joined with G.I pipes of 1” and also
40mm diameter pipes and 25mm diameter pipes joined with the help of a 40mm to 25mm
3
reducer (1” to “ reducer).
4

For the water requirements of the area, three tube wells were installed, and two of them
have a 40,000-gallon tank capacity, and one of them was direct pumped. We had to
decide the proper place for the installation of the sluice valve so that the water could be
equally distributed over the entire area. Bungalows covered by the tube well were already
designed. We placed the sluice valve to stop water from one tube well in a specific area.
The purpose of providing this was that if any of the tube wells were out of order, we
could open this sluice valve and the next area would also get water.

Punctuality and presence at the site before the laying of the pipe is quite important. Once
the pipe is laid and dumped, how much length is laid, which diameter of the pipe was
used, which quality of pipe is used, and at which level it is laid, is impossible to calculate
from any formula or assumption. Then all the burden will fall on the supervisor, who was
in charge of the work and was not present during the execution of the work.

Page 32 of 42
 CHAPTER #7 SUMMARY AND KNOWLEDGE GAINED

Management of alternatives so that the work will not stop is the supervisor's duty. Many
of the horrible situations that may arise at the site have to be solved by the engineer/site
supervisor. i.e., at our site, the laborers have problems because the load-shedding site
supervisor arranged an electric generator. On the other hand, a 1/2" diameter iron bar was
used to drill a hole in the sub pipeline, and then a clamp was tied to it. The site supervisor
arranged a gas cylinder to heat it.

The quality control test of the material is very important to get an idea about the work
quality. The quality control engineer must perform some tests and fulfill the requirements
at the site. When this project was going on, the construction manager of our site
performed a few tests, like material verification tests. In our case, we confirmed that it
was polyvinyl chloride. We performed a longitudinal reversion test in which we tested the
pipe and less than a 5% change in length was detected. We also performed a superficial
appearance test in which we noted the roughness of the inner and outer diameter, and a
short-term hydrostatic pressure test. These tests passed and allowed the material to be
used at the site.

Dealing with different backgrounds people was also a difficult task. We have
communication difficulties with laborers. i.e., excavation is done with the help of iron
beaten and in the language of the laborers, it is called ilti.

The safety of the laborers is the duty of the site supervisor. When the road excavation
work at our site was going on, we provided an alternative route for the traffic and carried
out the excavation. We made all the possible arrangements for the laborer's safety.

Preparation of the bill is done by the client on their measurements. One measurement the
contractor will do to ensure their material is used. Measurement will also be done by the
client to prepare the bill. The bill is prepared by the supervisory authorities on the client-
side (IOW-II in our case). Then the Assistant Engineer (AEN-III in our case) has the
power to counter-check it. Finally, the client's highest authorities, i.e., the Divisional
Engineer (DEN-I in our project) will review it and order for payment.

Page 33 of 42
CHAPTER #7 SUMMARY AND KNOWLEDGE GAINED

Page 34 of 42
 APPENDIX

1. MATERIAL USED

 3”, 4” 6” Ø UPVC PLASCO pipes for main and sub pipeline

 40mm and 25mm Ø pipes for branch line/ subsequent connection
 Adhesive cement for jointing purpose
 40mm Ø to 25mm Ø reducer
 Equal Tee
 Elbow 90 degree
 Elbow 45 degree
 End Cap
 40mm Ø Sockets and 25mm Ø sockets
 Reducer Socket
 Sluice Valve
 Bricks
 Sand
 Crush
 Steel (#4)

2. MACHINARY USED

 Jack Hammer / Demolition Hammer

 PPRC pipe jointing heater
 Electric Generator
 Dye for Threading purpose
 PPR pipe cutter

Page 35 of 42
 APPENDIX

3. EQUIPMENT USED

 Hammer
 Hoe
 Masonry Trowel
 Measurement Tape
 Plumb bob
 Wooden Float
 Wheel Barrow
 Spade
 Safety tape

4. PICTURES WHOSE REFERENCE IS GIVEN IN THE REPORT

FIGURE 3 DISMANTLING OF P.C.C AND C.C FLOOR

Page 36 of 42
 APPENDIX

FIGURE 4 DISMANTLING WORK OF ROAD

FIGURE 5 DISMANTLING WORK OF TILES

Page 37 of 42
 APPENDIX

FIGURE 6 TRENCH EXCAVATION

FIGURE 7 EARTHWORK AND SAND BACKFILLING

Page 38 of 42
 APPENDIX

FIGURE 8 6" Ø PIPE FOR MAIN PIPELINE AND 40MM Ø FOR SUBSEQUENT
BUNGALOW'S CONNECTION

FIGURE 9 EXCAVATION AND BRICKWORK FOR MANHOLE OF SLUICE VALVE

Page 39 of 42
 APPENDIX

FIGURE 10 PLASTERED MANHOLE AND CONCRETE COVER OF MANHOLE

FIGURE 11 JOINTING OF 40MM Ø PIPELINE AND 6" Ø PIPELINE

Page 40 of 42
 APPENDIX

FIGURE 12 CONNECTION ASSEMBLY AND CONECTION TO 4" Ø SUB PIPELINE

FIGURE 13 MARKING FOR CONNECTIONS

Page 41 of 42
 APPENDIX

FIGURE 14 1ft MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN CONNECTIONS

FIGURE 15 PREPARATION OF SAMPLE FOR TESTING

Page 42 of 42
 APPENDIX

FIGURE 16 UNLOADING OF MATERIAL

FIGURE 17 LAYING OF MAIN PIPELINE

Page 43 of 42
 APPENDIX

FIGURE 18 TEST REPORTS OF THE SPECIMEN

Page 44 of 42
 APPENDIX

FIGURE 19 EPANET SHEET 1/3 FOR TUBEWELL NO 12

FIGURE 20 EPANET SHEET 2/3 FOR TUBEWELL NO 14

Page 45 of 42
 APPENDIX

FIGURE 21 EPANET SHEET 2/3 FOR TUBEWELL NO 8 AND 8-A

Page 46 of 42
 APPENDIX

5. ACRONYM AND ABBREVIATIONS

TABLE 7 ACRONYM AND ABBREVIATIONS

Sr. Abbreviations Meaning

1 AEN Assistant Executive Engineer
2 DEN Divisional Engineer
3 IOW Inspector of Works
4 ASTM American Standards of Testing Material
5 BS British Standard
6 IS Indian Standards
7 PS Pakistan Standards
8 ISO International Standard Organization
9 IPC International Plumbing Code
10 RAILCOP Railway Construction Pakistan Limited
11 SECP Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan
12 ICCI Islamabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry
13 PEC Pakistan Engineering Council
14 PR Pakistan Railways

Page 47 of 42
 REFERENCES

 ASTM E1252 (2021) “standard practice for general techniques for obtaining
infrared spectra for qualitative analysis”
 IS 4985:2000 (2005) “unplasticized pvc pipes for potable water supplies —
specification (third revision)”
 IS 2505 - 2005 (15 MAY 2005) “thermoplastics pipes – longitudinal reversion - test
method and parameters”
 BS 3505:1986 (1986) “unplastisized polyyvinyl chloride (upvc) pressure pipes for
cold potable water”
 PS 3051/1991 (1991) “short term hydrostatic pressure)”

 BS 2782 (30 SEPTEMBER 2011) “methods of testing plastic part 1: introduction”

 BS 4346 (24 JUNE 2003) “Joints and fittings of pvc pipes”
 BS 4346 PART-1 (JANUARY 6, 1969) “specification for joints and fittings for use
with unplasticized pvc pressure pipes: [metric units]”

Page 48 of 42
 DEDICATION

In the first place, I dedicate this work to my parents, whose day-night struggles with me
also make me a hardworking person, and in my success, their prayers have also played a
big part. They are like “Heaven on earth" for me in this world.

Secondly, I would like to dedicate this work to the Divisional Engineer of Pakistan
Railways Skhawat Ali who helped me a lot in making this report.

I would like to dedicate this work to all the laborers and Site Inspector Zeeshan Ali.
They cooperated with me and valued my suggestions.

I also like to dedicate all my teachers at bachelor, intermediate, and matric levels to their
knowledge. They make me feel confident and strong.

Page 1 of 8
 PREFACE

The purpose of the internship is to make clear the concepts taught. It aims to learn about
design and how they manage it in the field, to properly completely different activities, to
determine the feasibility of building according to demand, and to learn about how the
professionals and seniors deal with labor. Sharpen the mind related to the field, and
decide on the best field for Masters.

This report ponders light upon my 7 weeks’ experience of a recent project by Pakistan
Railway. This report is an effort to give you a sketch of the project “Replacement of
Corroded Water Supply Pipeline Railway Burt Colony & Washing Line Colony at
Lahore”. I shared my experience of work, gained knowledge, materials specifications,
material testing reports, work according to standards and machinery used.

Page 3 of 8