Drug Acting On Reproductive System

Introduction
● Female sex hormones both can be used to replace missing hormones or to decrease
the release of endogenous hormones. The female sex hormones include estrogen and
progesterone.
● Hormones that regulate reproductive system functions include endogenous chemical
substances Originate within different areas of the body Reproductive hormones
categories.
● Gonadotropic
● Androgens
● Estrogens
● Progestins
Gonadotropics hormones include:

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-Stimulates development of ovarian follicles in the female
and sperm production in testes of the male
Luteinizing hormone (LH)-Works in conjunction with FSH to induce secretion of estrogen,
ovulation, and development of corpus luteum
Luteotropic hormone (LTH)-Stimulates secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum and
secretion of milk by the mammary gland
Male sex hormones

Androgens Male sex hormones secreted mainly in the interstitial tissue of the testes in the
male and secondarily in the adrenal glands of both sexesInadequate production in the male may
be due to pituitary malfunction or to atrophy, injury to, or removal of the testicles, resulting in
eunuchism or eunuchoidism
Erectile Dysfunction Medications -Inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for
satisfactory performanceIncidence increases with ageNitric oxide: principal mediator in attaining
and maintaining an erectionPhosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitorsBlock phosphodiesterase type
5, found in the corpus cavernosumThought to impair the production of nitric oxide
Estrogens
Estrogens Female sex hormones-Produced mainly by the ovary and secondarily by the
adrenal glandsResponsible for development of female secondary sexual characteristicsProduce
an environment suitable for fertilization, implantation, and nutrition of the early embryo
Affect secretion of hormones FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland
Menopause Estrogen therapy (ET): estrogen aloneNatural life event, or can be artificially
inducedLevels of estrogen and progesterone are reduced, leading to vasomotor symptoms and
atrophic vaginitis
Estrogen therapy (ET): estrogen aloneAssociated with increased risk of endometrial carcinoma
in women with an intact uterus
Progestins
Progesterone
• Hormone secreted by the corpus luteum and adrenal glands
•Responsible for changes in uterine endometrium in the second half of the menstrual cycle
- Preparation for implantation, development of maternal placenta after
implantation, and development of mammary glands
progestins are synthetic drugs that exert progesterone-like activity.
•Contraceptive Agent- Suppress release of pituitary hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)Results in ovulation prevention
•Progestin Only- Contraceptive-Prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation, changing cervical
mucus, and creating a thin, atrophic endometrium not conducive to sustaining the fertilized
ovum
Choice of Contraceptives
•Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive
-Classified according to estrogen content and formulation
(monophasic, biphasic, triphasic, and four-phasic)
•Extended or continuous-cycle oral contraceptives
-Decreases or eliminate hormone-free interval
• Progestin only contraceptives
-Recommended for patients who do not tolerate estrogen or in whom it is
contraindicated
Progestin containing intrauterine device
- Mirena contains a reservoir of levonorgestrel, a synthetic progestin
- Releases small amounts of progesterone daily, providing five years of continuous
contraception protection
Postcoital contraception
- Combined estrogen-progestin contraceptive pills used in case of emergency
-Not without risk
-Available option to women who are exposed to an unintentional risk of pregnancy
-Example : Next Choice and ulipristal acetate
Drugs for Labor and Delivery

•Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract, thus inducing childbirth
-Also acts on the mammary gland to stimulate the release of milk
•Synthetic chemicals used to stimulate uterine contractions are called oxytocics
- oxytocin and prostaglandin E1 and E2
•Goal of labor induction
- facilitate vaginal delivery of a healthy infant
•Prostaglandins are released as a natural part of the cervical ripening processThose causing
contraction of the myometrial muscle include dinoprostone or prostaglandin E2 (Prostin E2,
Cervidil, Prepidil), and the oral synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, misoprostol (Cytotec), and
the prostaglandin F2-alpha analog carboprost (Hemabate)
•Mifepristone (RU-486)
-Anti-progesterone drug used to terminate an unwanted pregnancy (in conjunction with
misoprostol)Only for use very early in pregnancy
•Methylergonovine
-Semi synthetic ergot alkaloid used for prevention and treatment of postpartum and
postabortion hemorrhage
•Terbutaline
- classified as a bronchodilator drug
- Also used with careful monitoring in the management of preterm labor
•Magnesium sulfate
-For prevention and control of seizures in eclamptic patients (preeclampsia is
characterized by new-onset hypertension, edema, and proteinuria during pregnancy)
Other Gonadotropic Drugs
•Gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH)
-Act in the pituitary to suppress ovarian and testicular hormone production and inhibit estrogen
and androgen synthesisGnRH analogs that inhibit gonadotropin secretion are used in the
management of endometriosis (examples: Lupron and Synarel)

Drug Acting On Reproductive System

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Introduction

Gonadotropics hormones include:

Male sex hormones

Drugs for Labor and Delivery

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