Vdocument - in - Chemistry Investigatory Project 578b92aa55245

CHEMISTRY
PROJECT
Analysis of
Commonly Available
Cold Drinks
Name: Varun goyal

Std: XII
School: WEST POINT SCHOOL, Kotkapura
Certificate
This is hereby to certify that the original and

genuine investigation work has been carried out to
investigate about the subject matter and the
related data collection and investigation has been
completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by,
regarding his project titled “ANAYLSIS OF
COMMONLY AVAILABLE COLD DRINKS”.
Teacher’s Signature
Acknowledgement
It would be my utmost pleasure to express my

sincere thanks to my chemistry teacher Mrs.
Veeram in providing a helping hand in this
project. Her valuable guidance, support and
supervision all through this project are responsible
for attaining its present form. I would also like to
thank my parents as they encouraged me to put
forward my project.
Varun Goyal
XII
Contents
I. Introduction
II. Theory
III. Aim
IV. Apparatus
V. Chemical Required
VI. Determination of pH
VII. Test for Carbon dioxide
VIII. Test for Glucose
IX. Test for Phosphate
X. Test for Alcohol
XI. Test for Sucrose
XII. Result
XIII. Conclusion
XIV. Precaution
Bibliography
Introduction

A cold drink is a beverage that typically contains carbonated water,

a sweetener and a flavoring. The sweetener maybe sugar, high-fructose
corn syrup, fruit juice, sugar substitutes or some combination of these.
Soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives and other
ingredients.
Cold drinks have been around in the country since the 1950s. Parle
Group is regarded as the first Indian company to circulate soft drinks
nationwide. Gold Spot, a proprietary drink, faced no competition until
the all empowering Coca Cola entered the country. Gold Spot was
complimented with two other soft drinks, Thumbs Up and Limca.
Today, a large population is witnessed, in-taking these carbonated

drinks – Coca Cola and Pepsi for their revitalizing attributes; Limca,
Fanta, Sprite for giving a feeling of lightness.
Theory
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks
give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked
by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth
on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid

which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy
to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is CX (H2O)Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:-

Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. It occurs in Free
State in the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is
also present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is
one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants.
The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20
% sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. It is
produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in
nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in
nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The
pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and
phosphoric acid
AIM
COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET
Apparatus
 Test Tubes
 Test Tube Holder
 Test Tube Stand
 Stop Watch
 Beaker
 Bunsen Burner
 pH Paper
 Tripod Stand
 China Dish
 Wire Gauge
 Water Bath
Chemicals Required
 Iodine Solution
 Potassium Iodide
 Sodium Hydroxide
 Lime Water
 Fehling’s A & B Solution
 Concentrated Nitric Acid
 Benedict Solution
 Ammonium Molybdate
Determination of pH
Experiment
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test
tube and put on the pH paper. The change in colour of pH paper was
noticed and was compared with standard pH scale.
Observation
Sr no. Name of the Colour change pH
drink
1. Coca Cola Pinkish 2-3
2. Limca Light Orange 4
3. Sprite Dark Orange 3
Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid
and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drinks of different brand are
different due to the variation in amount of acidic content
Test for Carbon
Dioxide
Experiment
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples were
passed through lime water. The lime water turned milky.
Observation
Sr.n. Name of the Time taken(sec) Inference
drink
1. Coca Cola 28 CO2 Present
2. Limca 28 CO2 Present
3. Sprite 20 CO2 Present
All cold drinks contain CO2 dissolved in water, which is what adds the
tangy flavor to the drinks.
Chemical Reaction
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCo3 + H2O

Test for Glucose
Experiment
Glucose is a reducing sugar. Its presence can be tested through the
following methods :
1. Benedict’s Reagent Test

Small sample of the cold drink of different brand is taken in a test
tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent are added. The test
tube is heated for a few seconds. Reddish ppt. confirms the
presence of glucose.
Observation
Sr.n. Name of the Observation Inference

drink
1. Coca Cola Reddish ppt. Glucose is
present
2. Limca Reddish ppt. Glucose is
present
3. Sprite Reddish ppt. Glucose is
present
All samples consist of glucose, as all of them give a positive result

for Benedict’s test.
2. Fehling’s Solution Test
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a
test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B
solution was added in equal amount. The test tube was heated in
water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate
confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

drink
1. Coca Cola Reddish Brown Glucose is
ppt. present
2. Limca Reddish Brown Glucose is
ppt. present
3. Sprite Reddish Brown Glucose is
ppt. present
All samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B)
solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose
Test for Phosphate
Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in
separate test tubes and Ammonium Molybdate followed by
concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added to it. The solution
was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate confirmed
the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks
Observation

drink
1. Coca Cola Canary-Yellow Phosphate
ppt. present
2. Limca Canary-Yellow Phosphate
ppt. present
3. Sprite Canary-Yellow Phosphate
ppt. present
All the cold drink samples contain Phosphate.
Chemical reaction
NaHPO4 + 12 (NH4)2MoO4 + 21 HNO3 + 3H → (NH4)3PO4.12MOO3
+ 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
Test For Alcohol
Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test
tubes and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide
(NaOH) solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were
heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored
precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks
Observation

drink
1. Coca Cola Yellow ppt. Alcohol Present
2. Limca Yellow ppt. Alcohol Present
3. Sprite Yellow ppt. Alcohol Present
All the samples consist of Alcohol.
Chemical Reaction
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH → CHI3 + HCOONa + 5 NaI + 5H2O
Test For Sucrose
Experiment
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china
dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored
residue left confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
Observation
drink
1. Coca Cola Black Residue Sucrose is
present
2. Limca Black Residue Sucrose is
present
3. Sprite Black Residue Sucrose is
present
All brands of cold drinks contain sucrose.

Result
After conduction of several tests, we find that all the different brands
namely -
1. Coca Cola
2. Limca
3. Sprite
- contain glucose, sucrose, alcohol, phosphate, and carbon dioxide.

All are acidic in nature. Coca Cola comes out to be the most acidic of
the three and Limca, the least.
Carbon Dioxide content is maximum in Sprite and minimum in Coca

Cola.
Conclusion
Intake of soft drinks, as many studies have conclusively shown,
interferes with our neurological and physiological state of being owing
to their contents.
All the brands tested, contain high quantity of sugar which is more than
what our body demands on an average day.
The strength of phosphoric acid, as depicted above, is enough to
dissolve nails in 4 days.
Recommendation :
Out of the three brands, Limca contains the least amount of dissolved
CO2 and is the least acidic. Relatively, it has a lower sugar content than
the other three. Taking these facts into account, we can conclude that
Limca is the safest of the three.
Precautions
Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are –
 Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense care.

 Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each
experiment. If possible, one should wear hand gloves to prevent
from any possible damage.
 If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush
immediately with copious amounts of water.
 Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you
leave your workstation.
Bibliography
The following books were a source for my project
 NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XII

 Dr. N. K. Verma, Chemistry Lab Manual

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CHEMISTRY

Name: Varun goyal

This is hereby to certify that the original and

It would be my utmost pleasure to express my

A cold drink is a beverage that typically contains carbonated water,

Today, a large population is witnessed, in-taking these carbonated

The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid

On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:-

COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE

2. Limca Light Orange 4

3. Sprite Dark Orange 3

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCo3 + H2O

1. Benedict’s Reagent Test

Sr.n. Name of the Observation Inference

All samples consist of glucose, as all of them give a positive result

Sr.n. Name of the Observation Inference

Sr.n. Name of the Observation Inference

All the cold drink samples contain Phosphate.

Test For Alcohol

Sr.n. Name of the Observation Inference

All the samples consist of Alcohol.

All brands of cold drinks contain sucrose.

- contain glucose, sucrose, alcohol, phosphate, and carbon dioxide.

Carbon Dioxide content is maximum in Sprite and minimum in Coca

Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are –

 Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense care.

 NCERT Chemistry Textbook for Class XII

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