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TECHNICAL IEC
SPECIFICATION TS 60034-25
Second edition
2007-03

Rotating electrical machines –

Part 25:
Guidance for the design and performance of a.c.
motors specifically designed for converter supply

© IEC 2007 ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.

International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.iec.ch

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International Electrotechnical Com m ission
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Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
For price, see current catalogue
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–2– TS 60034-25 © IEC:2007(E)

CONTENTS
FOREWORD...........................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................8

1 Scope ...............................................................................................................................9
2 Normative references .......................................................................................................9
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................... 10
4 System characteristics.................................................................................................... 11
4.1 General ................................................................................................................. 11
4.2 System information................................................................................................ 11
4.3 Torque/speed considerations................................................................................. 12
4.4 Motor requirements ............................................................................................... 16
5 Losses and their effects (for induction motors fed from U-converters) ............................. 18
5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 18
5.2 Location of the additional losses due to converter supply and ways to
reduce them .......................................................................................................... 18
5.3 Converter features to reduce the motor losses ...................................................... 18
5.4 Use of filters to reduce additional motor losses due to converter supply ................ 20
5.5 Temperature and life expectancy........................................................................... 20
5.6 Determination of motor efficiency .......................................................................... 21
6 Noise, vibration and torsional oscillation ......................................................................... 21
6.1 Noise .................................................................................................................... 21
6.2 Vibration (excluding torsional oscillation)............................................................... 24
6.3 Torsional oscillation .............................................................................................. 25
7 Motor insulation electrical stresses ................................................................................. 25
7.1 General ................................................................................................................. 25
7.2 Causes .................................................................................................................. 25
7.3 Winding electrical stress........................................................................................ 27
7.4 Insulation stress limitation ..................................................................................... 29
7.5 Responsibilities ..................................................................................................... 29
7.6 Converter characteristics ....................................................................................... 30
7.7 Methods of reduction of voltage stress .................................................................. 31
7.8 Motor choice ......................................................................................................... 31
8 Bearing currents ............................................................................................................. 32
8.1 Sources of bearing currents in converter-fed motors.............................................. 32
8.2 Generation of high-frequency bearing currents ...................................................... 32
8.3 Common mode circuit ............................................................................................ 34
8.4 Stray capacitances ................................................................................................ 34
8.5 Consequences of excessive bearing currents ........................................................ 36
8.6 Preventing high-frequency bearing current damage ............................................... 36
8.7 Additional considerations for motors fed by high voltage U-converters .................. 38
8.8 Bearing current protection for motors fed by high-voltage current-source
converters (I-converters) ....................................................................................... 39
9 Installation...................................................................................................................... 39
9.1 Earthing, bonding and cabling ............................................................................... 39
9.2 Reactors and filters ............................................................................................... 45
9.3 Integral motors (integrated motor and drive modules) ............................................ 46
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TS 60034-25 © IEC:2007(E) –3–

10 Additional considerations for permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors fed by

U-converters................................................................................................................... 47
10.1 System characteristics .......................................................................................... 47
10.2 Losses and their effects ........................................................................................ 47
10.3 Noise, vibration and torsional oscillation................................................................ 47
10.4 Motor insulation electrical stresses ........................................................................ 47
10.5 Bearing currents .................................................................................................... 48
10.6 Particular aspects of permanent magnets .............................................................. 48
11 Additional considerations for cage induction motors fed by high voltage U-
converters ...................................................................................................................... 48
11.1 General ................................................................................................................. 48
11.2 System characteristics .......................................................................................... 48
11.3 Losses and their effects ........................................................................................ 50
11.4 Noise, vibration and torsional oscillation................................................................ 50
11.5 Motor insulation electrical stresses ........................................................................ 51
11.6 Bearing currents .................................................................................................... 53
12 Additional considerations for synchronous motors fed U-converters................................ 53
12.1 System characteristics .......................................................................................... 53
12.2 Losses and their effects ........................................................................................ 53
12.3 Noise, vibration and torsional oscillation................................................................ 53
12.4 Motor insulation electrical stresses ........................................................................ 53
12.5 Bearing currents .................................................................................................... 53
13 Additional considerations for cage induction motors fed by block-type I-converters ....... 54
13.1 System characteristics .......................................................................................... 54
13.2 Losses and their effects ........................................................................................ 55
13.3 Noise, vibration and torsional oscillation................................................................ 55
13.4 Motor insulation electrical stresses ........................................................................ 56
13.5 Bearing currents .................................................................................................... 56
13.6 Additional considerations for six-phase cage induction motors .............................. 56
14 Additional considerations for synchronous motors fed by LCI ......................................... 56
14.1 System characteristics .......................................................................................... 56
14.2 Losses and their effects ........................................................................................ 58
14.3 Noise, vibration and torsional oscillation................................................................ 58
14.4 Motor insulation electrical stresses ........................................................................ 58
14.5 Bearing currents .................................................................................................... 58
15 Additional considerations for pulsed I-converters (PWM CSI) feeding induction
motors ............................................................................................................................ 58
15.1 System characteristics .......................................................................................... 58
15.2 Losses and their effects ........................................................................................ 59
15.3 Noise, vibration and torsional oscillation................................................................ 59
15.4 Motor insulation electrical stresses ........................................................................ 59
15.5 Bearing currents .................................................................................................... 59
16 Other motor/converter systems ....................................................................................... 60
16.1 Drives supplied by cyclo-converters ...................................................................... 60
16.2 Wound rotor induction (asynchronous) machines supplied by I-converters in
the rotor circuit ...................................................................................................... 61
16.3 Wound rotor induction (asynchronous) machines supplied by U-converters in
the rotor circuit ...................................................................................................... 61
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–4– TS 60034-25 © IEC:2007(E)

Annex A (normative) Converter characteristics .................................................................... 63

Annex B (informative) Converter output spectra ................................................................... 67
Annex C (informative) Noise increments due to converter supply ......................................... 70

Bibliography.......................................................................................................................... 71

Figure 1 – Torque/speed capability ....................................................................................... 13

Figure 2 – Converter output current ...................................................................................... 13
Figure 3 – Converter output voltage/frequency characteristics .............................................. 15
Figure 4 – Example of measured losses P L as a function of frequency f and supply type....... 19
Figure 5 – Additional losses ΔP L of a motor (same motor as Figure 4) due to converter
supply, as a function of pulse frequency f p , at 50 Hz rotational frequency ............................. 20
Figure 6 – Fan noise as a function of fan speed .................................................................... 22
Figure 7 – Vibration modes ................................................................................................... 23
Figure 8 – Typical surges at the terminals of a motor fed from a PWM converter .................. 26
Figure 9 – Typical voltage surges on one phase at the converter and at the motor
terminals (2 ms/division) ....................................................................................................... 26
Figure 10 – Individual short rise time surge from Figure 9 (1 μs/division) .............................. 27
Figure 11 – Definition of the peak rise time t r of the voltage at the motor terminals ............... 28
Figure 12 – First turn voltage as a function of the peak rise time........................................... 28
Figure 13 – Discharge pulse occurring as a result of converter generated voltage surge
at motor terminals (100 ns/division) ...................................................................................... 29
Figure 14 – Limiting curves of impulse voltage U pk , measured between two motor
phase terminals, as a function of the peak rise time t r ........................................................... 30
Figure 15 – Possible bearing currents ................................................................................... 33
Figure 16 – Motor capacitances ............................................................................................ 35
Figure 17 – Bearing pitting due to electrical discharge (pit diameter 30 μm to 50 μm) ........... 36
Figure 18 – Fluting due to excessive bearing current ............................................................ 36
Figure 19 – Bonding strap from motor terminal box to motor frame ....................................... 41
Figure 20 – Examples of shielded motor cables and connections .......................................... 42
Figure 21 – Parallel symmetrical cabling of high-power converter and motor......................... 43
Figure 22 – Converter connections with 360º HF cable glands showing the Faraday
cage ..................................................................................................................................... 43
Figure 23 – Motor end termination with 360º connection ....................................................... 44
Figure 24 – Cable shield connection ..................................................................................... 44
Figure 25 – Characteristics of preventative measures ........................................................... 46
Figure 26 – Schematic of typical three-level converter .......................................................... 49
Figure 27 – Output voltage and current from typical three-level converter ............................. 49
Figure 28 – Typical first turn voltage ΔU (as a percentage of the line-to-ground voltage)
as a function of du/dt ............................................................................................................ 51
Figure 29 – Medium-voltage and high-voltage form-wound coil insulating and voltage
stress control materials ......................................................................................................... 52
Figure 30 – Schematic of block-type I-converter ................................................................... 54
Figure 31 – Current and voltage waveforms of block-type I-converter ................................... 54
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TS 60034-25 © IEC:2007(E) –5–

Figure 32 – Schematic and voltage and current waveforms for a synchronous motor
supplied from an I-converter ................................................................................................. 57
Figure 33 – Schematic of pulsed I-converter ......................................................................... 58
Figure 34 – Voltages and currents of pulsed I-converter ....................................................... 59
Figure 35 – Schematic of cyclo-converter ............................................................................. 60
Figure 36 – Voltage and current waveforms of a cyclo-converter........................................... 60
Figure A.1 – Effects of switching frequency on motor and converter losses ........................... 65
Figure A.2 – Effects of switching frequency on acoustic noise............................................... 66
Figure A.3 – Effects of switching frequency on torque ripple ................................................. 66
Figure B.1 – Typical frequency spectra of converter output voltage....................................... 67
Figure B.2 – Typical frequency spectra of converter output voltage....................................... 67
Figure B.3 – Typical spectra of converter output voltage ....................................................... 68
Figure B.4 – Typical time characteristics of motor current ..................................................... 68
Figure B.5 – Typical time characteristics of motor current ..................................................... 69

Table 1 – Alphabetical list of terms ....................................................................................... 10

Table 2 – Significant factors affecting torque/speed capability .............................................. 14
Table 3 – Motor design considerations .................................................................................. 16
Table 4 – Motor parameters .................................................................................................. 17
Table 5 – Effectiveness of bearing current countermeasures ................................................ 37
Table C.1 – Noise increments ............................................................................................... 70
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–6– TS 60034-25 © IEC:2007(E)

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________

ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 25: Guidance for the design and performance of a.c. motors
specifically designed for converter supply

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In

exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
specification when

• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts, or
• the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the
future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.

Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.

IEC 60034-25, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 2: Rotating machinery.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004.
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TS 60034-25 © IEC:2007(E) –7–

This second edition contains the following significant technical changes with respect to the
previous edition:

a) replacement of the original introduction by a shorter introduction;

b) extension of the scope to include all converter-fed motors, not just LV-induction
motors;
c) minor changes throughout Clauses 4 to 9;
d) addition of subclauses 4.3.4, 4.3.5, 5.4, 6.2.1, 8.6.3, 8.7 and 8.8, and Figure 7;
e) inclusion of subclauses 4.4 and 4.5 in Annex A;
f) expansion of original Annex A which becomes Annex B;
g) re-drafting of Clause 5;
h) upgrading of 6.1.4 to 6.3;
i) removal of noise limits from normative text;
j) addition of reference to IEC 60034-9;
k) addition of Annex C.

The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents:

Enquiry draft Report on voting

2/1406/DTS 2/1420A/RVC

Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be

• transformed into an International standard,

• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

A bilingual version of this technical specification may be issued at a later date.

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–8– TS 60034-25 © IEC:2007(E)

INTRODUCTION

The performance characteristics and operating data for converter-fed motors are influenced
by the complete drive system, comprising supply system, converter, cabling, motor,
mechanical shafting and control equipment. Each of these components exists in numerous
technical variants. Any values quoted in this technical specification are thus indicative only.

In view of the complex technical interrelations within the system and the variety of operating
conditions, it is beyond the scope and object of this technical specification to specify
numerical or limiting values for all the quantities which are of importance for the design of the
drive system.

To an increasing extent, it is practice that drive systems consist of components produced by

different manufacturers. The object of this technical specification is to explain, as far as
possible, the influence of these components on the design of the motor and its performance
characteristics.

This technical specification deals with a.c. motors which are specifically designed for
converter supply. Converter-fed motors within the scope of IEC 60034-12, which are designed
originally for mains supply, are covered by IEC 60034-17.

Clauses 5 to 9 of this technical specification consider mainly the requirements for low voltage
induction motors fed from voltage-source converters (U-converters). Clauses 10 to 16 provide
additional information for other configurations.
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TS 60034-25 © IEC:2007(E) –9–

ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –

Part 25: Guidance for the design and performance of a.c. motors
specifically designed for converter supply

1 Scope

This part of IEC 60034 describes the design features and performance characteristics of a.c.
motors specifically designed for use on converter supplies. It also specifies the interface
parameters and interactions between the motor and the converter including installation
guidance as part of a power drive system.

The general requirements of relevant parts of the IEC 60034 series of standards also apply to
motors within the scope of this technical specification.

NOTE 1 For motors operating in potentially explosive atmospheres, additional requirements as described in the
IEC 60079 series apply.

NOTE 2 This technical specification is not primarily concerned with safety. However, some of its
recommendations may have implications for safety, which should be considered as necessary.

NOTE 3 Where a converter manufacturer provides specific installation recommendations, they should take
precedence over the recommendations of this technical specification.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance

IEC 60034-2, Rotating electrical machines – Part 2: Methods for determining losses and
efficiency of rotating electrical machinery from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)

IEC 60034-6, Rotating electrical machines – Part 6: Methods of cooling (IC Code)

IEC 60034-9, Rotating electrical machines – Part 9: Noise limits

IEC 60034-14, Rotating electrical machines – Part 14: Mechanical vibration of certain
machines with shaft heights 56 mm and higher – Measurement, evaluation and limits of
vibration severity

IEC 60034-17:2006, Rotating electrical machines – Part 17: Cage induction motors when fed
from converters – Application guide

IEC 61000-5-1, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 5: Installation and mitigation

guidelines – Section 1: General considerations – Basic EMC publication

IEC 61000-5-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 5: Installation and mitigation

guidelines – Section 2: Earthing and cabling

IEC 61800-2, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems – Part 2: General requirements
– Rating specifications for low voltage adjustable frequency a.c. power drive systems
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– 10 – TS 60034-25 © IEC:2007(E)

IEC 61800-3, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems – Part 3: EMC product
standard including specific test methods

IEC 61800-5-1, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems – Part 5-1: Safety
requirements – Electrical, thermal and energy

IEC 61800-5-2, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems – Part 5-2: Safety
requirements – Functional 1

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

Table 1 provides an alphabetical cross-reference of terms.

Table 1 – Alphabetical list of terms

Term Term Term

Term Term Term
number number number
bearing voltage ratio 3.1 electromagnetic 3.5 protective earthing 3.9
(BVR) compatibility (EMC)
bonding 3.2 field weakening 3.6 skip band 3.10
common mode voltage 3.3 peak rise time 3.7 surface transfer 3.11
(current) impedance
converter 3.4 power drive system 3.8
(PDS)

NOTE Throughout this technical specification, references to the following definitions are identified by italic script.
3.1
bearing voltage ratio
BVR
ratio of the capacitively coupled bearing voltage to the common mode voltage

3.2
bonding
electrical connection of metallic parts of an installation together and to ground (earth)

NOTE For the purposes of this part of IEC 60034, this definition combines elements of IEV 195-01-10
(equipotential bonding) and IEV 195-01-16 (functional equipotential bonding).

3.3
common mode voltage (current)
arithmetic mean of the phase voltages (currents) to earth

3.4
converter
unit for electronic power conversion, changing one or more electrical characteristics and
comprising one or more electronic switching devices and associated components, such as
transformers, filters, commutation aids, controls, protections and auxiliaries, if any
[IEC 61800-2, 2.2.1, modified]

NOTE This definition is taken from IEC 61800-2 and, for the purposes of this technical specification, embraces
the terms complete drive module (CDM) and basic drive module (BDM) as used in the IEC 61800 series.

___________
1 To be published.