Deia Paya Peda

DETAILED ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAYA PEDA DAM, BESUT, TERENGGANU
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry (MOA) intends to construct a dam in Besut, Terengganu for irrigation, reducing flood damage in the Besut valley and augmenting supplies for town water supply needs within the catchment of Sg. Besut. The dam will be called the Paya Peda Dam. The reservoir is estimated to be 1,212 ha from the total catchment of 7, 700 ha. A dam project of this magnitude will require a Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment study. In addition, there are also socioeconomic impacts and resettlement issues that need to be addressed. The dam construction will also require an Environmental Management Plan and an Emergency Response Plan.
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Figure 1 Project Location
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2.0
STATEMENT OF NEED
The Besut Irrigation Scheme covers an irrigable area of about 10,075 hectares. With the improvements and modernization of the infrastructure and improved water control and management, it is expected that the efficiencies will gradually increase.
Sungai Besut regularly overflows during the monsoon period with areas inundated by flood waters in excess of 100km2. The dam is required to create storage in the project area not only to meet the demand for water supply and irrigation water requirements but also to mitigate against flood occurrence in the Besut valley.
Currently, the whole district receives potable water from the Bukit Bunga (I and II) Water Treatment Plant. The treatment plants are situated in Mukim Pasir Akar, approximately 14 km south of Jerteh Town. Once the new Paya Peda dam is built, the future water demands of the area can be fulfilled up to the year 2050 with progressive development and urbanization.
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3.0
PROJECT OPTION
Three options that had been taken into consideration are Build or No-Build Project Option, Site Options, and Dam Type Options.
3.1
Not Build and Build Option
Not to build the dam is such an unwise option, as it deny to the socio economic development, remnant of problem on shortages of water for irrigation purpose, restricting agricultural development and limiting the income of the farmers and small holders. While, constructing the dam will benefits most on irrigation, augment public water supply and industrial need. Besides that, it is also reduce the flood problems.
3.2
Site Option
There are a few options for the dam location, considering three major aspects which are suitability of the dam site, socio-economic factors, and economic factor. As a result, Paya Peda Dam is found to be the most suitable for irrigation and water supply purposes. It can also provide flood mitigation option for the downstream flooding. Paya Peda dam has more economic advantages compared to the other options. The 650ha area of inundation area is uninhabited state land and therefore would not need to be acquired. The cost of construction was RM41.7 million (1998) and land acquisition was RM36.2 million (1998). This option makes full utilization of materials obtained from excavation for structures and offers the most economical choice. All construction materials which are required can be sourced from the burrow areas and quarries are also available within economical haulage distances. Due to its flexible nature, it suits the damsite foundation conditions; and the wide impervious earthfill zone in the dam body ensures its water tightness even in case of high settlements.
The selection of the dam type is governed by the foundation conditions and the availability of economic construction materials. From the feasibility study of the dam, some options have been considered. Arch dam is one of the options where stability in
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arch dam is obtained by a combination of arch and gravity action. Second option is, Gravity dams where in gravity dam stability is secured by making it of such a size and shape that it will resist overturning, sliding and crushing at the toe. Thirdly, the earthfilled dam where it is made from compacted earth, and rely on their weight to hold back the force of water. Eventually Peda Peda Dam has been determining to be constructed as an earthfilled dam.
4.0
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
4.1
CONCEPT
The proposed Paya Peda Dam is design for water supply, irrigation, river management and as well as flood mitigation plan. The dam is an earthfill zoned with the core area consists of impervious fill and random fill zone on both side of the dam center. The earthfill zoned concept will be applied to the main dam and saddle dam. Basically, an earthfill zoned has three main components which are the central impervious zone, filters zone and random fill.
The practical water discharge has also been taken into account, whereby three different discharge points, which consists of outlet discharge, service spillway and emergency spillway work in order to meet the irrigation, water supply, river management and flood control.
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Figure 2 Layout Plan of Main Dam
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Figure 3 Layout Plan of Saddle Dam
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Figure 4 Coffer dam

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Figure 5 Emergency Spillway

4.2
DAM COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS 1. Main Dam
DESCRIPTION i. It is an earthfilled zone located on Sg. Angga. It is 43 m hight over the deepest foundation level and about 700 m long on the top of axis. The crest level is set at EL 60.0 m. ii. The main dam consists of:
a. Embankment slope The adequate slope for embankment is 3 : 1 for downstream side and 3 : 5 : 1 for upstream side. The downstream slope has a 4 m wide horizontal berm at EL 40. b. Embankment zones The embankment shall have the following zones:-
Impervious Earth Core: The width of core at top is fixed as 4.0 m. Both upstream and downstream slopes of the core are fixed at 0:5:1. The top of the core is at EL 59.0 m, i.e, 1.0 m below the dam crest.
Filters Zone: The transition between the impervious earth core and outer random fill shell on the downstream will be provided by one layer of coarse filter sandwiches between two layers of fine filter
Random Fill: Material classed as random fill shall consists of silty clays, clayey silt, silty sand and weathered, fractured and decomposed rocks mainly conglomerate, siltstone or silty sandstone.
Rockfill Shell: The rockfill material for outer shell will be obtained mainly from sandstone/silty sandstone and conglomerate from excavation of spillway, outlet works and diversion tunnel.
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Riprap Zone: On the upstream slope, riprap layer of 8.0 m width has been provided. The material of this layer consists of oversize rock stone meeting the requirements to withstand the water waves.
Downstream Face (Turfing): Protection against rain will be provided on the downstream face, by placing sweet soil and close turfing. The thickness of the sweet soil and close turfing will be 0.15 m.
c. Dam Crest The crest of the embankment including road formation has been set at EL 60.0 m. To cater for freeboard, the top of parapet wall has been fixed at EL 61.0 m. The crest road is provided with 40 mm bituminous wearing course surfacing pla ed on 60 mm thick binder Course. The binder course is underlain by 300 mm road base and 150 mm subbase. The subbase will be placed on top of random fill.
d. Parapet Wall A conventional cantilever type concrete parapet wall has been provided at the dam crest. It is 1.55 m high, projecting 1 m above the crest road. The top of wall has been fixed on the basis of freeboard and camber requirements. Its top level varies from EL 62.40 m at the maximum section to EL 61.0 m towards abutment. The wall has been designed to withstand wave impact and load from embankment fill.
e. Freeboard and Crest Level Since avoidance of overtopping is a prime design requirement for a dam, adequate freeboard has been provided. This vertical distance above normal pool level to the dam crest includes
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Rise in water level to pass spillway design flow or flood surcharge
Rise in water level due to wind action which comprises of wind set up, wave height and wave run up
Additional provision towards contingencies due to any inaccuracy in hydrological parameters
2. Saddle Dam
i. The saddle dam shall be located at a distance of about 200m on the right side of the main dam. It will complete the reservoir rim by closing a saddle between two hills, having lowest point at EL 30.0 m. The maximum height of the dam above lowest ground level will be nearly 30.0m with the crest length of about 300 m. The dam is designed as zoned earthfill embankment with central earth core as of the main dam. ii. The design features for saddle dam is same like main dam design, except that the saddle dam embankment is placed on lateritic soil overburden.
3. Service Spillway
i. The service spillway is located on the right side of the main dam. A gated ogee spillway has been adopted for flood control and flood routing characteristic
A 35.0 m wide approach channel with its bed excavated to EL 46.0 m, leads the water to a 30.9 m long weir which has its crest located at EL 52.0 m. The overall width of the crest is 35.0 m with two number of 2.05 m wide piers. Three (3) 10.3 m wide and 4.66 m high radial gates will be installed in the three bays of the spillway. The top of the gate will be about 0.3 m above the normal pool level at EL 56.0 m to avoid overflows in normal conditions.
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ii. Design Discharge Service spillway is a gated structure. Spillway capacity should be sufficient to cater probable maximum flood (PMF) in as much as the dam is an earthfill embankment. The spillway was also designed for PMF condition. An ungated overflow type of spillway was proposed for a design discharge of 733 m3/s. The design discharge was based on PMF inflow peak of 1806 m3/s which was routed with spillway crest at EL 50.50 m resulting in a flodd surcharge of 2.95 m and outflow discharge of 733 m3/s. Effective length of the spillway considered was 61.20 m
iii. The service spillway consists of:
a. Apron Slab The apron slab is reinforced concrete slab on grad. This is a 0.3 m thick slab which has no applied force acting on it. This has been designed for temperature and shrinkage stresses.
b. Non Overflow Section Non overflow sections are provided on both sides of the ogee crest to connect the overflow section with the abutments. The non overflow sections are mass concrete gravity structures placed on the cut slopes of the spillway abutment.
c. Ogee Weir This is a massive structure and has been designed for temperature and shrinkage stresses. The spillway weir is of the gated concrete overflow type. It has an ogee shaped
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crest with rounded abutments and piers. The crest elevation is set at 52.0 m and the total crest length is 30.9 m i.e (3 X 10.3 m). Effective length of the crest has been taken as 30.9 m. The weir shall have a nappe shaped crest.
d. Pier Walls These are vertical walls embedded in the floor slab and take two major loads. The first is the load of the spillway bridge for which the wall is designed as a compression member.
e. Abutments The difference of the abutments from the piers is that the abutments sustain an additional load of the retained earth. All vertical reinforcement on the backfill side has been provided to resist lateral earth pressure from the retained earth.
f. Chute The portion of the spillway channel below the control weir is the chute. The invert gradient for the chute has been selected to place the foundation on sound rock as assessed by the site investigation and topography. Accordingly a slope of 2 : 5 : 1 is provided for chute floor.
g. Stilling basin A hydraulic jump type stilling basin shall be provided for dissipating the excess energy of incoming flows.
Parameters for the basin have been worked out for a 1000 year outflow discharge i.e, 546 m3/sec. Maximum velocity, at the toe is worked out as 26.35 m/s.
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h. Spillway bridge A bridge with its crest at EL 60.0 m is provided along the axis of spillway crest in order to provide access. The bridge is 5.0 m wide and 35 m long.
i. Approach Channel About 137 m long and 35 m wide approach channel having straight alignment leads the flow to the service spillway ogee. The approach to the weir has been kept in such a way that the flow shall take place unobstructed without causing any adverse inlet condition over the whole range of reservoir levels.
j. Tailwater Rate The Angga barrage located at about 424 m donstream of the confluence of spillway channel with Sg. Angga controls the tailwater levels for the spillway at lower discharge. For higher discharge the Sg. Angga appears to have little effect on the tail water rating curves as the water surface encroaches the river bank terraces. 4. Outlet Structure i. The outlets works include intake tower, vertical shaft, steel conduit of 2.75 m diameter passing through the diversion tunnel, and valve housed to distribute and discharge the water released for different purposes. The intake tower, diversion tunnel, valve houses are located between the right abutment of service spillway and the left abutment of saddle dam ii. The present design discharge arrangement of water releases in peak season is as follows:-
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Besut Irrigation System and maintenance Flows for Sg. Angga
18 m3/s
Angga Canal irrigation System Besut Water Supply
7.2 m3/s 3 m3/s 0.6 m3/s
- Upstream high Areas of Angga Canal irrigation System Total water releases
28.8 m3/s
iii. The outlet structure consists of:a. intake Tower The intake tower is connected from the maintenance deck at EL 56.30 m to the bottom of the vertical shaft at EL 19.83 m in the diversion tunnel by using gantry crane. This bulk head will only be used for the maintenance of the outlet conduit pipes
b. Access bridge The bridge is designed for the access to the intake tower for maintenance purpose as well as transporting equipment using small trucks.
c. Outlet Pipes For irrigation system of Angga Canal, the main pipe is reduced to 0.92 m diameter pipe before cone valve, using 3 reducers. The discharge through this cone valve will be 7.2 m3/s. For Besut water supply system, one pipe of 1.5 m diameter originates from on the right side. Gate valve is provided at the start of maintenance purpose.
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d. Valve House The flows to Sg. Angga and Angga canal will be regulated by fixed-cone valves installed at the downstream end of each pipe in the valve house. The valve house for Angga canal will be in front of the downstream diversion portal. The valve house for the besut Irrigation Scheme will be located at the right side of the service spillway stilling basin.
e. Exit Channel and Feeder Channel Discharge from the valve house 1 for Angga canal irrigation scheme (7.2 m3/s) will fall into a stilling basin provided downstream of the valve house. The outlet discharge for besut Irrigation scheme amounts to 18 m3/s. This discharge will be released through two (2) 1.06 m diameter valves located at the valve house 2.
f. Outlet Discharge The sizes of the valves are designed to provide a design discharge of 9 m3/s and 7.2 m3/s at reservoir level of EL 37 m. The sizes for the valves come out to be 1.06 m and 0.92 m diameter. 5. Diversion Tunnel i. The diversion scheme is required to provide dry area for the construction of main dam. It will be carried out in two stages. In the first stage, flows will be diverted towards a diversion channel on the right side of the river, whereas in the second stage flows will be passed through a concrete lined inverted U-shaped diversion tunnel, 5 m wide and 5 m high, to be located on the right side of the service spillway. Two cofferdam will be constructed, one upstream and other downstream, to allow construction of the main dam. The diversion tunnel located along the left abutment of
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saddle dam ii. The tunnel has been designed to cater a 25 year frequency flood with inflow of 95 m 3 /s and routed outflow of 58 m 3 /s. For the discharge, depth of flow in the tunnel is about 3.9 m with velocity of about 2.69 m 3 /s. iii. The Cofferdam The cofferdam will be constructed upstream and downstream of the main dam toe extending from the river bank to both abutments leaving a gap of 20 m in-between to allow for the stage 1 diversion channel. 6. Reservoir i. Spillway capacity should be sufficient to cater probable maximum flood (PMF) safely as much as the dam is an earthfill embankment. The probable maximum precipitation (PMP) for the dam catchment area has estimated as 3183 m3/s ii. The filling studies were determined from simulated rainfall runoff studies using rainfall data between 1948 to 2006. The inflow volume is computed based on the product of the monthly runoff and a catchment area of 77km2 . 7. Emergency Spillway i. The emergency spillway is located at the left periphery of the reservoir about 2.5 km upstream of the main Dam. Access to the emergency spillway will be provided by an access road, starting from the main dam along the left periphery of the reservoir.
ii. Design Discharge A comparison of outflows and surcharge for the above crest lengths suggested that 30 m for service spillway and 150 m for emergency spillway is the most appropriate length of weirs and has therefore been adopted. The routing results
show that the outflow discharge shall be the order of 954 m 3 /s, with a flood surcharge of about 2.5 m above the emergency spillway crest at EL 56.30 m. iii. the structural design of emergency spillway consists of:a. Approach Channel About 68 m long and 153 m wide approach channel having straight alignment leads the flow to the emergency spillway ogee. The approach to the weir has been kept in such a way that the flow shall take place unobstructed without causing any adverse inlet condition over the whole range of reservoir levels.
b. Ogee Weir The spillway weir is an ungated concrete overflow ogee shaped crest. The crest elevation is set at EL 56.30 m and the crest length is 150 m. the weir shall have a nape shaped crest. Upstream face be vertical. This is a massive structure and has been design for temperature and shrinkage stresses.
c. Chute The portion of the spillway channel below the control weir is the chute. The width of the chute channel converges from 35 m at the downstream base of the control weir to 25 m at a distance of 93 m (horizontal) downstream from the start point of convergence, giving a nominal divergence ration of 1: 18.
d. Stilling Basin A hydraulic jump type stilling basin shall be provided for dissipating the excess energy of incoming flows.
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Parameters for the basin have been worked out of PMF outflow discharge, i.e, 954 m 3 /s.
e. Tailwater Rate The discharge below the stilling basin will join Sg. Bekok (a river opening in the adjacent valley). The exit channel will be lined with riprap and bedding having a bed width of 153.5 m up to a length of 50 m downstream of the stilling basin.
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4.3
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1. Site Preparation i. Removal and Disposal of Vegetation
DESCRIPTION
- In the reservoir area, the clearing will begin at the rivers and the vegetation will be cleared away from the rivers. This will also ensure that the fauna can escape from the area. - Given that the construction sites and the reservoir area are located in the national-conservation-forests, many of the trees are valuable. These can be removed and sold.
ii. Constructing Access Road iii. Temporary Drainage
- There are existing tracks or roads can be used, which through Bukit Payung and Telekom Tower. - The temporary drainage to be constructed to guide the generated runoff/overland flows from the project site to the existing waterways. The slope at cut area shall be 1:1.5 with close turfing while fill area shall be 1:2 slopes with close turfing.
iv. Dam Construction
By Year I, the following activities will be done:Excavation of diversion channel Foundation Treatment for main dam around area A abutment (i.e. Grouting) Foundation treatment for saddle dam Start of excavation for service spillway
- Start of excavation tunnel portals
By Year II, the following activities will be done:Access Roads and building works 1st stage Coffer dam including sheet piling Main dam between EL.8.0 m to EL 30.0 m along both
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abutments Saddle dam up to EL 60.0 m Excavation of Service Spillway, grout curtain, drainage system and rock anchors Start of concreting in service spillway Emergency spillway Start of concreting in tunnel and shaft
By Year III, the following activities will be done:Access Roads and Building Works Main dam up to EL 60.0 m along both abutments Construction of Service Spillway except gates Construction of diversion tunnel including lining
By Year III, the following activities will be done:2nd stage Coffer dam Diversion of river through tunnel Main dam up to EL 60.0 m in the central portion of the river Construction of service Spillway and gates
iv. Diversion Works
- Stage 1 : Diversion of river flow towards the left bank of the river. In order to construct the cofferdams in dry, a temporary channel will be constructed to divert the flows to Sg. Angga and clear the area for the stage 1 diversion channel works. After construction of the stage 1 channel, the temporary channel will be abandoned and the water will start flowing through the stage 1 diversion channel. - Stage 2 : Diversion of stream flow through diversion tunnel. When all the above works are successfully completed, the streamflow will be diverted through
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diversion tunnel and the flow through the Stage 1 diversion channel shall be closed by a plug between the two parts of the upstream cofferdam. The closure of the diversion channel shall be made in the beginning of dry season. - Stage 3 : Diversion of river flows through the diversion tunnel. When construction of the main dam is completed to the crest level, the mouth of the diversion tunnel should be closed by dropping bulkhead gate. The reservoir filling will thus start. v. Reservoir Filling There following salient steps that should be undertaken during reservoir filling activities:- All vegetation within the reservoir area should be cleared and removed before filling activity - Ensure all the water outlets for the dam were closed, to avoid any discharge from the reservoir - Ensure all system that been installed is functioning, to monitor every single occurrence during filling activity - Investigate/monitor if there any seepage within the dam core - Identify if there any failure of the system and
component/structures of the dam
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5.0
EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
5.1
Physical
5.1.1 Topography The proposed project area will involve approximately 1,212 ha of land which is covered with secondary forests. The main river is Sg. Angga with two sizeable tributaries and a number of other smaller streams. One of the tributaries is Sg. Peda joining Sg. Angga from right side at a location about 7.5 km below the latters originating point. Sg. Peda originates from Bt. Kajang at EL. 1000m. Another major tributary of Sg. Peda originating from the western hill range at EL. 780m joins the river just upstream of the proposed dam site. The elevation along the hill range drops from about 1000 m to nearly 90 m at the dam site where the river bed level is at about EL. 17.0 m. The major portion of the area consists of forest clad hills. The area below EL. 50 m forms comparatively flatter terrain.
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Figure 6 Topography of the Project Site
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5.1.2 Geology Terrain Geological Mapping The study for geological observation covers an area of 110 km2 or 11,000 ha. The geology of the study area is covered by three main litologies;
1. 2. 3.
Carbonaceous to Cretaceous metamorphic rocks; Sedimentary rocks and Granitic rocks.
The metamorphic rocks consist of quartzitic sandstone; siltstone, conglomerate, and carbonaceous shale which belong to Telemong and Keruak Formations. Tapong and Bukit Puteri Formations are the younger formation (tertiary), consisting of interbedded sandstone and siltstone and conglomerate beds.
All the formations are overlain by alluvium of the Quaternary deposits. These rock formations were deformed and metamorphosed into metamorphic rock caused by late deformation due to granite intrusions. The Granitic rocks consist of Granite to GraniteDiorite of the Lawit Granite and Granite biotite hornblende of the Boundary Range Granite. These two granites have historical series of emplacement from the Cretaceous up to the Upper Carbonaceous.
Geological Structure Geological structures such as bedding, foliation, joint and fault contribute to slope instability in natural and manmade slopes.
i) Bedding planes
Bedding planes are a kind of sedimentary structure as well as a discontinuity plane that separates a layer of sedimentary rock from another. Most of the readings for the strike/dip were carried out on sedimentary outcrops located along the road and Angga River. The orientation of bedding plane was found to vary from one place to another.
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The bedding planes recorded in this area strike predominantly N-S and NW-SE and dip towards northeast and southwest.
ii) Fault Line Faults structures are discontinuity planes associated with movement in rocks. The regional structure of the fault can be interpreted based on trend of negative lineament such as rivers and valleys. The satellite image indicates considerable alignment of gullies and ridges to form topographic lineaments. This fault is at some distance from the proposed Peda dam. Other than this, there seem to be no faults crossing the proposed dams and its facilities.
Geotechnical Aspects The structural geology is a component that reflects the geotechnical aspect. Distribution and frequency of the geotechnical factors are influenced by trend and pattern of structural geology such as beddings, joints, faults, schistosity planes.
The structural geology of this area is divided into two criteria: strike-slip fault and negative lineament the strike-slip faults with direction to the left or to NNW due to SE compression. In the northern, this fault was shifted the granite body about 3 km away to the NNW. Sg. Angga was believed occupied along the fault zone. In the southern, the presence of this fault was interpreted because no evidence supported its movement. The negative lineaments were reflected either as stream lines or rivers, joint sets/ joint systems or as fault zones (especially as normal faults). Most of the negative lineaments existed in the metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, its formed coincide or after the first deformation or during emplacement of granitic body in the study area. The presence of these lineaments was disturbed the stability of bedding planes.
The expected location for landslide or other slope failure in the catchment area can predicted along the crossing between negative lineaments, between beddings and negative lineaments or between other geological structures. Soil erosion was occurred in significant rate and this reflected to the formation of weathered rocks and also due to
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encroachment of human kind. Thick sediments deposits were deposited along the river bed, especially along the Sg. Peda.
The rock became unstable and falling down or sliding to the ground as rock fall or landslide (for weathered rocks). The stability of rock in this area is very weak, weathered rocks with high grade (5 or 6) are easily observed in the study area.
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Figure 7 Geological Map

5.1.3 Soil
The mottled brown soils were normally seen wherever the residual soil profile was developed. This type of soil was more common in the foundations for the Peda dam. Thirteen topsoil samples from the Angga & Peda catchments were collected for physicochemical analysis. The composition of sand, silt and clay fraction in the soil varies. The sand content ranged from 42 to 89%, silt content from 6 to 28% and clay from 5 to 37%. High variation of particle size occurs between sampling stations probably due to the different types of parent materials. Organic matter content is in the range of 2.28 to 9.74%.
5.1.4 Climates and Meteorological
Meteorological data used to describe the climatic conditions in the proposed project site was obtained from the Meteorological Monitoring Stations in Kota Bharu and Kuala Krai due to the fact that there is no Meteorological Monitoring Station in Besut. Although there may be variations in the local weather and wind flows within the proposed project site, the overall regional weather and wind flow influencing the area should not be different.
Rainfall distributions in these two stations are influenced by the monsoonal wind flow pattern. During the North-East Monsoon, both stations recorded the high total rainfall. The monthly total rainfall for October was more than 250 mm and is was the maximum recorded. There was less rainfall during the months of February to July. However, during the inter-monsoon period (February and April), the total rain days were slightly higher in 2003. These variations may be due to the long term effects of the El-Nino phenomenon.
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5.1.5 Landuse
1.Land Use Activity within 250 meters Radial of the dam site a. Forest Area Within 250-meter radial from the dam site the land use types are mainly secondary forest and orchard with some rubber trees. To the east and upstream of the dam site is the swampy area which covers about 50 ha of the Paya Peda confluence with Sungai Angga. The secondary forest is the remnant of the logged over forest that will be inundated. b. Agriculture The orchard land and some rubber trees are located on the western part of the proposed dam site near the Angga Barrage. The land area to the west of the dam site and downstream of the dam area is planted with several fruit trees and intermittent with rubber trees. There is no human settlement found in this area.
2.Land Use types within 3-KM Radial of the dam site. The land area covers with swamp forest and a) Forested Land logged over forest. The land area is
undulating and covered with logged-over forest.
The land area above the 100m mean sea level until the 1000m mean sea level is covered with forest known as the Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve which also a production forest area. The total land area under this forested area is about 6,475 ha. Some part of
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the forested area has been logged. b) Plantation Area Most of the plantation areas are located outside the Angga catchment area. The nearest plantation is FELDA Tenang locates about 1000 meters to the south of the proposed dam site over the southern
boundary of Sungai Angga. The oil palm plantation (648 ha) is owned by the FELDA Tenang and equipped with settlement,
utility and amenity . FELDA Tenang has several facilities such as school,
administrative centre and settlers quarters.
c)
Orchards Rubber
and
The smallholding rubber and oil palm areas are located outside the proposed dam area. There are about 750 ha of rubber and orchards land to the east of the Sungai Besut and the proposed dam site. The nearest rubber and orchard areas are found about 100 meters to the west proposed dam site. The nearest settlement is Kg. Bukit Mali of the
smallholdings
d)
Human Settlement
which is about 2 km downstream of the proposed dam site. The villages that are heavily populated are Kg Bukit Payong in Mukim Tenang and FELDA Tenang
settlement area. Kg Bukit Payong which is located about 2100 meters to the southwest of the dam site.
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3. Land use activity within 10-km Radial from the proposed dam site
a. Forest Area
There are forest reserves such as the Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve (within the project site and extent between 16 kilometers north south direction and 18 km east west direction). The other forested area is the Pelagat Forest Reserve located about 8 km to the west of the project dam site which covers more than 200 kilometer squares.
b. Agriculture
Further downstream of the Angga Barrage and downstream of Sungai Besut there are wet paddy cultivation areas near Kg. Pasir Akar and towards Jerteh and Kuala Besut. In higher areas, the agriculture activities include rubber and orchards. Upper catchment area to the south of Kampong Pasir Akar most of the land area is cultivated with rubber and oil palm. Beyond these plantation areas of above 150 m elevation the land is covered with forest area.
In 3 km to 5 km, there are agricultural areas covered with rubber, orchards, and oil palm,small holdings, FELDA Tenang andFELDA Dengir
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c. Human Settlement
The human settlements which comprise of small villages are well distributed along the river bank or the main roads. Those settlements located to the north of the project site includes Kg. Bukit Piatu (3 km), Kg Mat Air (3.8km), Kg. Baharu (5.4km) and Kg. Pasir Akar (6.2km). Villages located to the west and south west of the dam site are Felda Tenang(3.0km), Kg. Batu 13 (5km), Kg.Pasir Badak (6.7km) and Kg. La (9km).
Central Forest Spine
The proposed project area has been identified as an Environmentally Sensitive Area under the
Malaysian National Physical Plan shows that the Malaysian federal government has labelled the area as part of Central Forest Spine Forest Complex 2 (Taman Negara Banjaran Timur)
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Figure 8 Land use 0-250
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Figure 9 Land use 250-3km
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Figure 10 Land use 3km-10km

5.1.6 Hydrology
River and the Catchment Properties The catchment area stretches between longitude E 102 31 10 to 102 37 40 and latitude N 5 37 52 to 5 30 45 and is bounded by high hills of Batu Kajang, Batu G. Kubang, Batu Ulu Angga, Bt. Dara and St. Pusu on the eastern side and Bt. Batu Balai on the west. At the dam site the river drains an area of about 77 km2.
The catchment is elongated in shape extending in east-west direction. It is drained by Sg. Angga with its two sizeable tributaries and a number of other smaller streams.
No sediment observations have been made on Sg. Angga.
Design Flood Runoff There are 5 water level and discharge monitoring stations located within the Sg Besut catchment. The currently accepted standards for dam design require that dams of high importance or in which significant financial risk is involved are to be designed to be safe for the 1 in 10,000 year flood to which would be the probable maximum flood (PMF).
Hydrologic Model Development The SWMM-XP hydrologic model is used to simulate the design floods of 1 in 2, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 1000 years ARIs and the PMF by using the calculated design storms and PMP for the catchment respectively.
The SWMM model was considered accurate for this catchment area as the hydrologic analysis by the model is suitable for rural and small catchment area.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Table 1 Flood Peak Discharge Value Q Peak (m3/sec) for Various Return Period Method of Estimation XP-SWMM 2 Yr 119 10 Yr 179 20 Yr 252 50 Yr 302 100 Yr 342 1000 Yr 591
The design of the diversion system is required to take into account the following: the risk of flooding the construction work underway in the reservoir area the risk of the flood over topping the partly completed dam and causing damage downstream of the dam.
Table 2 Summary of Simulated Flows and PMF under different return Periods for Various Time Durations
P eak F low (m /s) 2 Day 3 D ay 66 80 96 129 173 192 225 270 353 1,870 123 158 200 219 253 417 1,158 1,868
3
AR I (Y R ) 2 5 10 20 25 50 100 1,000 P MF
12 Hr 119 179 214 252 268 302 341 591 2,889
1 D ay 242 378 309 242 378 309 285 755 3,735
5 Day 75 112 146 183 201 233 389 748 1,366
7 D ay 93 152 190 237 260 350 533 1,439 1,367
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Figure 11 Catchment Area
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5.1.7 Water Quality
Based on Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2006 by Department of Of Environment Malaysia, Sungai Besut was categorized as Class II (with overall WQI 90). The results on the current study show that the water quality at the various sampling stations fluctuate between Class I and Class II between seasons with the exception of WQ10 (Confluence Sg. Pelagat and Sg. Besut near Jertih bridge) and WQ11a (Upstream of Sg. Tembila). These two stations fell into the Class III category during the normal season whereas WQ10 also fell into Class III during wet season. These variations at the two stations are most likely associated with localized changes in the water quality parameter due to localized inputs of pollutants since stations upstream and downstream do not exhibit similar changes. The Project Proponent should continuously monitor the results of the water quality analyses especially during the project implementation phase. Corrective actions should be taken whenever and wherever deterioration of the water quality occurs.
5.1.8 Air Quality and Noise
The ambient air quality in the study areas is found to be good. The ambient noise levels at the study areas are also generally low, both characteristics typical of a rural setting.
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Figure 12 Sampling locations for water air, noise
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5.2
Biological
5.2.1 Flora Overview of the tree species in the undisturbed forested areas within the proposed project areas showed various timber species such as Shorea (Meranti, Balau, Damar), Dipterocarpus (Keruing), Hopea (Merawan), Vatica (Resak), and Anisoptera (Mersawa). The secondary or disturbed forested areas were mainly dominated by species from the families of Euphorbiaceae, Arecaceae, Verbenaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Ulmaceae,
Melastomataceae, Connaraceae, Clusiaceae, Burseraceae, Sapotaceae, Rutaceae, Myristicaceae, Lauraceae, Gleicheniaceae, Dilleniaceae, Moraceae and Apocynaceae.
The species were very common in the disturbed forest areas which include Chromolaena odorata, Mikania micrantha, Scleria sumatrensis, Smilax myosotiflora, Smilax setosa, Smilax macrocarpa, Macaranga gigantea, Macaranga gigantea, Macaranga hypolueca, Macaranga triloba, Endospermum diadenum, Trema cannabina, Trema orientalis, Clerodendrum deflexum, Vitex pinnata, Vitex vestita, Pteris ensiformis, Nepenthes gracilis, Spathogolttis plicata, Donax grandis, Clidemia hirta, Melastoma
malabatrichum, Mallotus paniculatus, Dicranopteris curanii, Dicranopteris linearis, Sticherus truncatus, Tetracera scandens, and Blechnum orientale. These were indicating the occurrence of disturbance of the surveyed area.
The riparian habitats indicated the presence of Tristaniopsis sp. (Pelawan) and Ficus ischnopoda which was found abundantly along Sg. Angga. Other riparian tree species include Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae), Teijsmanniodendron coriaceum (Verbenaceae), Campnosperma auriculatum (Anacardiaceae), Anisophyllea disticha (Anisophylleaceae), Mesua grandis (Clusiaceae), Mesua kochummeniana (Clusiaceae), Mesua racemosa (Clusiaceae), Weinmannia fraxinea (Cunoniaceae), costulatus Dipterocarpus concavus Shorea
(Dipterocarpaceae),
Dipterocarpus
(Dipterocarpaceae),
balanocarpoides (Dipterocarpaceae), Shorea singkawang (Dipterocarpaceae), Ardisia crenata (Myrsinaceae), Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae) and Smilax calophylla (Smilacaceae).
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The epiphytes were mainly of the ferns (Aspleniaceae, Adiantaceae, Davalliaceae, Dennsteadtiaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiaceae and Vittariaceae) and orchids (Bulbophyllum, Dipodium, and Coelogyne).
5.2.2 Fauna
The survey conducted by the consultant team recorded 36 species of mammals. A total of 91 species from 38 families of birds were recorded at the survey sites. Out of the total number recorded, 72 bird species are listed as totally protected and 6 bird species are protected under the Protection of Wild Life Act, 1972 / 76, while another 13 bird species are not listed under the Act. A total of 11 birds are listed as near threatened to extinction while one bird is considered vulnerable to extinction.
During the survey period, 17 amphibian species and 5 reptiles species have been recorded.
5.2.3 Aquatic Ecosystem
Sg Angga and Sg Peda are fast running water bodies. Hence, the rivers ecosystem has low phytoplankton populations ranging from only 0.2 cells per liter in Sg Peda upstream to 8.0 cells per liter in downstream of Sg Besut. Diatoms were dominant while the rest were Euglenoids, Cyanophytes and Chlorophytes (green algae). A total of 54 species of fish were collected, observed or recorded from the information gathered from villagers. Information provided by the villagers indicated that the species, Tor tambroides (Kelah merah or Malayan masheer) has been extinct from Sg Angga due to over fishing activities. A few species are also gradually disappearing due to the same reasons i.e. Kelisa, Kejor and Tengas.
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Some species of fishes in the study area are endemic especially in the fast running and clear water of Sg Angga and Sg Peda, but all the species that have been recorded in this study are widely distributed and could be found in various other rivers in Malaysia.
5.2.4 Socio Economic and Public Health
i) Human Environment
The proposed Paya Peda Dam project is located on Sg Angga about 7.5km from confluence of Sungai Angga and Sungai Besut in Mukim Tenang, Besut District, Terengganu. The upper catchment of Sungai Angga after the proposed dam site is currently inhabited and within the Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve which covers an area of about 7,700 hectares. The down stream area of the proposed dam site which is part of the Sungai Besut river valley covers mainly of the agricultural land use (paddy land, rubber, orchards and oil palm cultivation), traditional villages, Jertih Town, Kampung Raja (Administration Centre) and Kuala Besut Town. Most of the population is distributed in the lower valley of Sungai Besut. The upper Besut valley is mainly covered with forested areas, agricultural area (rubber and oil palm small holders and plantations) and traditional villages.
The total land area that will be acquired for the proposed project is about 1,467.56 ha which comprises of 1,385.1 ha of government land and 82.44 ha of private land. The government land includes the reservoir area upstream of the Dam Axis (1,328.64ha), pockets of agricultural land and a small part of the forest reserve downstream of Sungai Angga. The private land that will be acquired includes rubber land, orchard land and open area that will be used for access road, office land , spill way, camp site, quarters and other uses. For the construction of the access road to the dam site, 23 houses of various types will be acquired.
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It is anticipated that the State Government will generate revenue from the licensing of logging activities plus the tax from the extraction of timber. The first revenue is the premium paid by authorized loggers to the State Government for the land within the inundated area.
With the Paya Peda Dam construction, the extension of the Angga canal could provide a double cropping for the total area of 10,075 ha and a 95% functional system. With the adequate irrigation water supply and good irrigation control, the paddy yield would be able to increase from the 3.9 ton/ha in 2000 to 5 ton/ha once the irrigation scheme is upgraded and improved at least by 2015 (KETARA 2006). It is expected that with the construction of the Paya Peda Dam the 20-year flood at Kg. Raja would be able to reduce the flood discharge from 2527m3/s to about 2027 m3/s. This reduction in flood discharge at Kg Raja would reduce the flood area to about 440 ha of land area under water. In terms of paddy production it could have saved about RM418,000 per flood event.
With the construction of the Paya Peda Dam the supply of water for the district will be about 121 MLD in 2020 which can support about 220,000 people (250 liters/person/day). The total supply will require the construction of extra water treatment plants in order to generate about 55MLD for domestic consumption only. Other water needs include the industrial, commercial and institutional uses in the district.
For land acquisition, direct or indirect payment of money for land and property would be the easiest and fastest means of compensation to those affected people. The registered evaluation company or government evaluation office will evaluate the land value based on the prevailing market price or other methods that are agreeable by both parties The replacement of new area or land would be another alternative. If the government can site a new land of the same value and properties then it would solve some of the critical problems faced by those affected by the alienation program. Appropriate range of prices for the type of land alienated shall be on the current market prices. For agriculture land the price is about RM 12,000 per hectare. For rubber land it is about RM 17,000 to
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RM 35,000 per hectare and generally for shop house in Jertih (RM 200,000, 2007). In the urban fringe the single storey link houses may fetch a price is about RM 85,000 to RM 125,000 per unit (Property Market Report, 2007).
ii) Public Health
Public health survey assessment has been carried out to describe the existing health status and other health determinants especially the socio-economic status of the population residing near the proposed Paya Peda Besut Dam site within 5km radius. Public survey also had been done which focusing on who will be affected due to water consumption from the dam and reservoirs water supply during their operational phase, and in particular they were from two subdistricts: Pasir Akar and Felda Tenang and comprised of six villages under Felda Tenang and ten villages under Pasir Akar, while Kg Batu 13 was under both subdistricts.
From the study done, it was found that, Blastocystis hominis and Giardia duodenalis which may lead to the infection of intestinal were the commonest protozoas detected in the studied areas
The pattern of protozoan parasites infection for both places have shown is reliable due to the moderate coverage (>50 %) from these villagers. All the species of protozoan parasites found in this study was believed being transmitted to the infected childrens via faecal oral route transmission.
With the small percentage of positive prevalence, it indicates that the parasitic infections has become a minor public health importance compared to some other places nearby such as areas surrounding Tasik Kenyir for the Hulu Terengganu Dam Project (based on technical report for Hulu Terengganu Dam project by Mazrura S et al, March 2008). However, with the existence of so called pathogenic or potentially pathogenic
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parasites in this survey, early precautions and avoidance should be remarked because it could be a sudden increased without any prior notice.
The three species helminth that have been found in all surveys were of medical importance and well known as soil transmitted helminth in most part of the world. The helminth can cause stunting, wasting, malnutrition and unfit physically among the infected children.
The potential impact of the proposed dam to health of the public could be attributed to development activities related to water resources and water reservoir. These health impacts refer mainly to the risks of contracting waterborne and vector-borne diseases. The baseline information shows that the health problem of this community is related to the changes in the presence vectors and the water sources.
It should be emphasized that during this construction period, which extends over more than two years, proper mitigating measures will be taken by contractors to ensure the construction and the workers base-camp sites do not contain breeding sites for mosquitoes to control the vector-borne diseases. They must also ensure proper sanitation for the workers are provided to control transmission of other infectious diseases. The Besut Health District Office undertakes an ongoing surveillance on communicable and non-communicable diseases. The project proponent and the contractor could collaborate with the health department to coordinate the activities of this surveillance system
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Figure 13 Radius for Socio Economy
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ES - 49
6.0
ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT, MITIGATION MEASURE AND RESIDUAL IMPACT
The potential impacts and the corresponding mitigating measures and residual impact are summarised in Table ES-1. The main activities that will affect the natural environment include site preparation, construction, operation and maintenance phases of the project. Each development activity is assessed for its potential impacts on the various physical, biological and socially components of the environment.
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ES - 50
Table ES -1 The potential impacts and the corresponding mitigating measures and residual impact
PROJECT PHASE ACTIVITY IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
Clearance carried out should be minimal & revegetated expose area. Terms of land compensation should be discussed to reach a fair and amicable agreement. Temporary measures e.g plastic cover, revegetation & slope turfing Proper drainage and placed silt traps to intercept silt laden runoff before it enters receiving water courses Exposed soil recompacted immediately. Dry area sprayed and vehicle leaving the site should be washed. Wash through should be provided Areas where material is stored should be layered with impermeable
PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1. Geotechnical & Investigation
Felling & Clearing
2. Land Acquisition
Acquisition of private and government land. Protest from the land owner if not handled properly CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Land Clearing
Soil Erosion
Increase of suspended solid and turbidity
1. Construction of Access Road
Cut & Fill activity
Dust
Material spills
Increase of carbon, oil & grease, and COD
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Generation of sewage, sullage & solid waste
Water Pollution
base and bunded No wastewater to be allowed to enter waterways prior to treatment Scheduled inspection by Health&Safety Officer. Proper waste management and sanitation facilities should be provided. Waste should be placed in a closed container and collected regurlarly by a licensed waste contractor for disposal at sanitary landfill. Areas utilized should be limited. Land to be restored where possible after construction Carry out Health screening Adopt dust suppression measures
Propagation of increase in pathogens, breeding of mosquitoes, flies & worms
Unpleasant Odour
2. Establishment of temporary building & utilities Base camp & Site Office Alteration of land use
Foreign Workers Fugitive dust & Noise Spillage of large amount of material and equipment to be moved to site Material and tools transported into construction material 4. Storage & Leakage &
Spread of disease
Increase of suspended particulate matter & traffic hazard
Truck should be well covered and stay within the load limit.
Hiring of local workers & local material suppliers Contamination of
None.
Provide proper
handling of construction material
spillage of construction material
ground water and surface
material storage. Provide structure to retain material spill and chemical leak.
Dust & Noise generation
Air & noise quality degrades Exposed area must be turfed. Selective land clearing in section and stages. Install temporary storm water diversion ditches. Provide silt traps & sediment pond. Conduct regular maintenance on road, dry area, access road, tires and machinery. Regenerated all exposed area. Gazette the water catchments area upstream of the impoundments area to preserve flora and fauna. Ensure land clearing planning sufficient time for wildlife shifting to the nearest forest. The land should be progressively cut according to planned finished contour Limit and scheduled the trip of material transported to the 11 trips per
Clearing and removal of vegetation
Accelerated soil increase sediment load affecting water quality and river flow as well as aquatic life.
Job opportunity to the local residence
5. Land clearing & earthworks
Localized air, noise and vibration impact
Loss of vegetation and fauna
Soil erosion, siltation & visual criteria 6. Borrow Area & Quarry Quarry activity for construction material
Haulage system and transportation of material will expose an unsafe condition to the
public especially during peak hour. Generation of substantial quantities of waste material
day max.
7. Waste disposal
Soil & Water pollution
Proper disposal of waste material
River diversion and construction of dam
A section of the river will be completely but overall river hydrology is unaffected. Siltaton may obstruct the stream flow. Soil erosion related problems. Deterioration of river in terms of suspended solid,turbidity etc
Significant number of job opportunities will be created
Implement soil erosion erosion control plan, revegetation and slope turfing.
8. Dam construction & related activity
Construction of tunnel
Unstable geology condition due to dam construction
Concrete reinforcement at weak rock zone areas to strengthen geological stability.
Land clearing and construction of tunnel
Localized air, noise & vibration impact
Apply dust suppression measures hearing protection for construction workers, limit work hours to daytime
9. Reservoir Filling &
Failure in component
Initial monitoring to
Monitoring
system of the dam. The potential of any leakage detected Failure of the structure strength during the reservoir filling
the system
The construction of the reservoir structure should follow the value of factor of safety.
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PHASE

1.Water Supply Reliable supply of water to meet the expected demand Reduced flow downstream Improved water quality during dry season. Implement strict pollution control river basin. Prepare an Emergency Action Plan such as relocation program. Flooding Detection from system developed SCADA. 4.Project Abandonment Material and Machinery Abandonment Pollution of waterways, visual impacts etc Adopt proper abandonment procedures.
2.River Regulation
3. Dam Break
7.0
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES - 55
The formulation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is essential as part of project planning and management throughout the whole development stages. The EMP is an effective tool to minimise the environmental impacts that are imposed by the development of such magnitude.
It is proposed that the project proponent prepares an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the project. The EMP is a structured plan for the mitigation of predicted environmental impacts through best management practices. The EMP will be applicable to all contractors and their employees working in the project site. The EMP outlines the compliance, best management practices, impacts and mitigation, and recommended monitoring for all the required construction and operational activities that will take place. In addition, it also includes environmental audits, emergency response plan, and institutional and legislative arrangement for implementing the above. The best endeavours in preparing EIA would be in vain if a proper environmental management plan does not ensure the implementation of all mitigation measures and the continued monitoring of the environment in the wake of project development.
Beyond recommending best management practices and mitigation measures for environmental impacts, the EMP includes an Environmental Monitoring Programme which outlines the components and parameters for baseline, compliance and effects monitoring, and an Implementation Plan which introduces how the overall EMP should be implemented. The EMP can be further developed in conjunction with the planning and coordination of the construction works so that the relevant control measures can be suitably implemented at the appropriate time and place in order to be most effective.
The following are specific components of the EMP:
a)
Allocation of Responsibility
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES - 56
To manage the environment in proper manner, a good and systematic management program must be adopted, with strong emphasis on employee education, regular monitoring, environmental auditing and employing best management practices to prevent environmental issues from arising whenever possible.
An Environmental Management Team (EMT) set up by the project proponent is to implement, monitor, audit and report based on the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) on all matters pertaining to the environment.
b)
Environmental Regulation
This section describes all the related rules and regulations which the project proponent has to abide by pertaining to the project. It will cover water quality, air quality, wastewater discharges, noise level, earthworks, solid wastes and scheduled waste.
c)
Environmental Monitoring Programme
Environmental monitoring programme are essential in dam project in order that the project activities are undertaken in an environmentally sustainable manner. The monitoring programme is to ensure successful implementation of the mitigation measures by contractor.
The scope under the proposed monitoring programme comprises the following key tasks: Site inspection to assess the current progress of construction works on site. Monitoring of water quality, discharge from silt traps, air quality, noise levels, waste management, flora and wildlife management to
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES - 57
assess environmental conditions against work progress and intensity. Analysis of the monitoring results and formulation and
recommendations on suitable measures for areas of noncompliance and/or enhancement of environmental quality.
Based on the information described, it is recommended that environmental impact monitoring of the project be implemented according to the following sampling locations, frequency of sampling and analytical methods.
d)
Remedial Action
This section outlines specific construction activities in the project and addresses work specifications and codes, and adherence to specific work practices and ethics to avoid or minimise damage and interference to watercourses or drainage systems, utilities, structures, roads or other property, and trees. The corresponding mitigating measures are summarised in Table ES-1.
e)
Emergency Response Plan
An Emergency Response Plan (ERP) must be prepared for emergency situations during the construction and operations of the project. The ERP shall be integrated as part of the project inculcating general awareness on safety, health and environment.
1. ERP During Construction Phase
This ERP covers activities, services and products that may create potential accidents and emergency situations during construction phase
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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such as fire, spillage, structure collapse, medical emergency, landslide, flood and general accidents.
The Contractor should establish site Emergency Response Team (ERT). The ERT will prepare the appropriate ERP for each situation. All staff is responsible to understand ERP and response procedures and evacuation routes and to follow the instructions of the designated Safety Officer. The emergency plan shall be the responsibility of the Project Manager who shall also oversee environmental, health and safety matters.
The ERP should be displayed at related area such as site office, workshop, guard station, canteen and workers quarters. The ERT should conduct periodical training for the ERP and ensure emergency response equipment are tested were applicable at least once a year. The ERT also should review and revise the ERP at least once a year particularly after the occurrence of accidents or emergency situations.
2. ERP During Operation Phase
This Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is prepared based on the dam break study. The objective of the ERP is to prepare Paya Peda Dam and its staff for a wide range of emergencies that may arise due to : Failure of, or damage to, system infrastructure; The potential for such failure to cause injury or loss of life of employees and/or the public; Natural events leading to disastrous situations in regard to assets managed by JPS KETARA. The aim of the ERP is to enable JPS KETARA to know what to do and how to apply its resources quickly and effectively in the case of dam failure to minimise the impending damage.
The ERP are: To establish the manner in which all emergencies are to be reported. To define the responsibilities of JPS KETARA employees in the reporting process. To define the actions and responsibilities of JPS KETARA employees in the event of an emergency. To ensure that combat and other support agencies are provided with reliable source of information if they are called upon to address an emergency associated with assets controlled by JPS KETARA. To ensure that the plan provides a ready reference document which clearly establishes the procedures to deal with all emergencies in quick, efficient and safe manner.
f)
Catchment Management Plan
A Catchment Management Plan (CMP) is important to secure and maintain a reliable water supply to the proposed dam. It is necessary to ensure that the natural environment of the catchment area of the dam is well managed and protected. After the designated timber harvesting by the state is completed, the logged-over forests within the designated catchment areas shall be gazetted by the State Government as Protection Forest for Water Catchment Area. The logged-over forest will function regenerate and no second cycle of timber harvesting shall be allowed.
8.0
PROJECT ABANDONMENT AND DECOMMISSIONING
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES - 60
Proper abandonment procedures must be adopted upon completion of the construction phase in order to prevent adverse impacts on the environment such as pollution of waterways, visual impacts, etc. Once in operation, the possibility of abandonment, of the dam is remote because of the monetary commitment to the project as well as the reliance of the State for water supply. Nevertheless, a proper abandonment plan should be drawn up that can be used to mitigate and rehabilitate the area based or. the extent of works carried out.
9.0
CONCLUSION
The findings of the EIA study indicate that almost all of the identified negative impacts of Ac project can be partly or fully mitigated by practical means. The adverse impacts are reeled to arise mainly during the construction phase in relation to soil erosion and soil losses from land clearance.
The mitigating measures recommended will significantly reduce, although may not entirely avoid the anticipated short-term effects of
sedimentation and water quality deterioration of the rivers. The clearance of the area will result in the loss of existing vegetation and wildlife habitats in this area. Trees or plant species in the impoundments are of no specific conversational value and are found elsewhere in the upper catchment. The wildlife in the inundation area are also not considered endangered, rare or endemic to this area and mitigating measures have been recommended which will allow the maximum possible chance for the wildlife to escape into the adjacent forest reserves. The species composition of fish, invertebrates, and other aquatic organisms in the existing riverine system will change because of the formation of the Paya Peda reservoir as part of adaptation to the new environment, but this is not necessarily an adverse impact. A number of beneficial impacts can be derived from the project, not the least being the provision of an irrigation scheme that has significant implications
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES - 61
to
the
successful
ongoing
economic
development
of
the
state
of
Terengganu. Other positive impacts of the project include increased business opportunities for local building material suppliers and the creation of job opportunities. The necessary courses of action in terms of project siting and alternative schemes have been reviewed in past studies based on technical feasibility, financial viability as well as social and political acceptability. The proposed scheme recommended here for implementation is regarded as the best viable option. The Paya Peda dam project manner could with be implemented in an and
environmentally
sustainable
proper
planning
management, provided the abatement measures such as those recommended in this report are taken into consideration in the planning, design, construction, operation and monitoring phases of the project development.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES - 62

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What are the objectives of constructing the Paya Peda Dam?

What are the objectives of constructing the Paya Peda Dam?

What are the options considered for the dam construction?

What are the options considered for the dam construction?

DETAILED ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAYA PEDA DAM, BESUT, TERENGGANU

Figure 1 Project Location

Not Build and Build Option

Figure 2 Layout Plan of Main Dam

Figure 3 Layout Plan of Saddle Dam

Figure 4 Coffer dam

Figure 5 Emergency Spillway

COMPONENTS 1. Main Dam

Rise in water level to pass spillway design flow or flood surcharge

Additional provision towards contingencies due to any inaccuracy in hydrological parameters

iii. The service spillway consists of:

Besut Irrigation System and maintenance Flows for Sg. Angga

Angga Canal irrigation System Besut Water Supply

7.2 m3/s 3 m3/s 0.6 m3/s

ACTIVITY 1. Site Preparation i. Removal and Disposal of Vegetation

ii. Constructing Access Road iii. Temporary Drainage

iv. Dam Construction

- Start of excavation tunnel portals

iv. Diversion Works

component/structures of the dam

Figure 6 Topography of the Project Site

Carbonaceous to Cretaceous metamorphic rocks; Sedimentary rocks and Granitic rocks.

Figure 7 Geological Map

5.1.4 Climates and Meteorological

undulating and covered with logged-over forest.

administrative centre and settlers quarters.

Central Forest Spine

Figure 8 Land use 0-250

Figure 9 Land use 250-3km

Figure 10 Land use 3km-10km

No sediment observations have been made on Sg. Angga.

12 Hr 119 179 214 252 268 302 341 591 2,889

1 D ay 242 378 309 242 378 309 285 755 3,735

5 Day 75 112 146 183 201 233 389 748 1,366

7 D ay 93 152 190 237 260 350 533 1,439 1,367

Figure 11 Catchment Area

5.1.7 Water Quality

5.1.8 Air Quality and Noise

Figure 12 Sampling locations for water air, noise

5.2.3 Aquatic Ecosystem

5.2.4 Socio Economic and Public Health

ii) Public Health

Figure 13 Radius for Socio Economy

ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT, MITIGATION MEASURE AND RESIDUAL IMPACT

1. Geotechnical & Investigation

Felling & Clearing

Increase of suspended solid and turbidity

1. Construction of Access Road

Cut & Fill activity

Increase of carbon, oil & grease, and COD

Generation of sewage, sullage & solid waste

Propagation of increase in pathogens, breeding of mosquitoes, flies & worms

Increase of suspended particulate matter & traffic hazard

Hiring of local workers & local material suppliers Contamination of