NGEC 9 - Mathematics, Science and Technology

Lecture Notes 1

LEARNING OUTCOME: At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to solve problems about
surface area of triangles and quadrilaterals.

TOPIC: Surface Area of Triangles and Quadrilaterals

MATERIALS: Videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhPLCCZKzw0&t=12s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNDJvBkQZLQ

REFERENCES: Solid Mensuration: Understanding the 3-D Space by: Richard T. Earnhart

Area – the amount of material that would be needed to cover a surface completely.

PLANE GEOMETRIC FIGURES

A. Triangle

Definition: A polygon with three sides and three interior angles. The area of each triangle with base
(b) and height (h), is given by the formula,

𝟏
Area of a triangle = ½ base x height or A= (b)(h)
𝟐

( 𝒂+𝒃+𝒄 )
If all sides are known, the Heron’s formula A = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄), 𝑤here 𝐬 = 𝟐
, is an
alternative method to determine the area of the triangle.
Sample Problems:
1. One side of a triangular sail is 2.5 meters, while the height to this side is 2.7 meters, find the area of
the triangular sail.

Solution:

Given: b = 2.5 m and h = 2.7 m

A = ½ (b)(h)

A = ½ (2.5 m) (2.7 m)

A = ½ (6.75 m2)

A = 3.375 m2

2. The sides of a triangle are 70 cm, 80 cm and 90 cm, compute the area of the triangle.

Solution:
Given: a = 70 cm, b = 80 cm, c = 90 cm
Find: Area (A)

( 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 )
s=
2
( 70 𝑐𝑚+80 𝑐𝑚+90 𝑐𝑚 )
s= 2
( 240 𝑐𝑚 )
s= 2
s = 120 cm

A = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)

A = √120 𝑐𝑚 (120 𝑐𝑚 − 70 𝑐𝑚 )(120 𝑐𝑚 − 80 𝑐𝑚 )(120 𝑐𝑚 − 90𝑐𝑚 )

A = √120 𝑐𝑚 (50 𝑐𝑚 )(40 𝑐𝑚 )(30 𝑐𝑚 )

A = √7200000 𝑐𝑚 4

A = 2683.28 𝑐𝑚 2
3. The area of a right triangle is 20 square meter and its base is 16 meters. Find the altitude of the
triangle.

Solution:
Given: A = 20 m2, b = 16 m
Find: Altitude (h)

A = ½ (b)(h)

20 m 2 = ½ (16 m) (h)

20 m 2 = 8 m (h)

20 𝑚 2
8𝑚
=h

h = 2.5 m

B. Quadrilaterals

Definition: A polygon with four sides and four angles.

1. Parallelogram is a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel. The area of a parallelogram
can be obtained by any of the following formulas:

Area of a Parallelogram = base x height a h(height)

Where b is the length of the base, and h is the height. The height and the base are
perpendicular.
A = ab sin 𝜽
Where a and b are the sides of the parallelogram and 𝜽 is any interior angle.

Sample Problem:
A certain city block is in the form of parallelogram. One of its sides which is perpendicular to the
height 25 feet, is 41 feet. Find the area of the block.

Solution:
Given: h = 25 ft. and b = 41 ft.

Find: Area (A)

A = (b)(h)

A = (41 ft.)(25 ft.)

A = 1025 ft.2
2. Rectangle is a parallelogram in which the interior angles are all right angles. The formula for the
area of a rectangle is given by,

Area of a Rectangle = base x height

A = (b)(h)

Where b is the length of the base and h is the height.

Sample Problem:
A window glass is 4 ft. 2 in. by 2 ft. 10 in. Find its area in inches.

Solution:
Conversion of units:
4ft. 2 in. = 48 in. + 2 in. = 50 in.
2 ft. 10 in. = 24 in. + 10 in. = 34 in.
A = (b)(h)

A = (50 in.)(34 in.)

A = 1700 in.2

3. Square is a special type of a rectangle in which all the sides are equal.

Area of a square = square of one side

Sample Problem:
A wire of length 52 meters is cut into two parts. Each part is then bent to form a square. Find the
area of the square.

Solution: A = a2

A = (13 m)2

A = 169 m2
4. Trapezoid is a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides.

Area of a trapezoid = ½ x the sum of the two bases x height of the trapezoid
𝟏
A = 𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒉
Where a and b are the bases and h is the height.

Sample Problem:
A vertical end of the trough has the following dimensions: width at top 4.4 ft., width at bottom 3.2 ft.,
depth 3.5 ft. Find the area of the end of the trough.

Solution:
4.4 ft

3.5 ft

3.2 ft

𝟏
A = 𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒉

𝟏
A = 𝟐 (𝟒. 𝟒 𝒇𝒕 + 𝟑. 𝟐 𝒇𝒕)(𝟑. 𝟓𝒇𝒕)

𝟏
A = (𝟕. 𝟔 𝒇𝒕)(𝟑. 𝟓 𝒇𝒕)
𝟐

𝟏
A = 𝟐 (𝟐𝟔. 𝟔 𝒇𝒕𝟐 )

A = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑 𝒇𝒕𝟐 )

5. Trapezium is a quadrilateral with no two sides are parallel.

Sample Problem:
Find the area of the figure below.

8m

12 m 10 m
18 m

20 m
Solution:
Let; A1 = be the first triangle
A2 = be the second triangle

A = A1 + A2

( 𝒂+𝒃+𝒄 )
S1 = 𝟐
( 𝟖 𝒎+𝟏𝟐 𝒎+𝟏𝟖 𝒎 )
S1 = 𝟐

( 𝟑𝟖 𝒎)
S1 = 𝟐

S1 = 19 m

A1= √𝒔𝟏 (𝒔𝟏 − 𝒂)(𝒔𝟏 − 𝒃)(𝒔𝟏 − 𝒄)

A1= √𝟏𝟗 𝒎(𝟏𝟗 𝒎 − 𝟖 𝒎)(𝟏𝟗 𝒎 − 𝟏𝟐 𝒎)(𝟏𝟗 𝒎 − 𝟏𝟖 𝒎)

A1= √𝟏𝟗 𝒎(𝟏𝟏 𝒎)(𝟕 𝒎)(𝟏 𝒎)

A1= √𝟏𝟒𝟔𝟑 𝒎𝟒

A1 = 38.25 𝒎𝟐

( 𝒂+𝒃+𝒄 )
S2 = 𝟐

( 𝟏𝟖 𝒎+𝟏𝟎 𝒎+𝟐𝟎 𝒎 )
S2 =
𝟐

( 𝟒𝟖 𝒎)
S2 = 𝟐

S2 = 24 m

A2 = √𝒔𝟐 (𝒔𝟐 − 𝒂)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒃)(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒄)

A2 = √𝟐𝟒 𝒎(𝟐𝟒 𝒎 − 𝟏𝟖 𝒎)(𝟐𝟒 𝒎 − 𝟏𝟎 𝒎)(𝟐𝟒 𝒎 − 𝟐𝟎 𝒎)

A2 = √𝟐𝟒 𝒎(𝟔 𝒎)(𝟏𝟒 𝒎)(𝟒 𝒎)

A2 = √𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟒 𝒎𝟒

A2 = 89.80 𝒎𝟐

A = A1 + A2

A = 38.25 𝒎𝟐 + 89.80 𝒎𝟐

A = 128.05 𝒎𝟐
Activity 1: Answer this part. Read the instruction carefully.

Name:_______________________________________Date:_______________Section:___________

Instruction: Write your solution in a short bond paper. Take a picture of it and send it in
google classroom.

1. A small square is located inside a bigger square. The length of one side of the small
square is 3 inches and the length of one side of the big square is 7 inches. What is
the area of the region located outside the small square, but inside the big square?

2. Calculate the amount of paint needed to paint the front of this building knowing
that 0.5 kg of paint is needed per square meter (m 2).

Prepared by: BERJETH L. BACUS, LPT, MA-Math