What is the SI unit of momentum?

N∙s

When a cannon fires a cannonball, the cannon will recoil backward because the
momentum of the cannonball and cannon is conserved

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A freight care moves along a frictionless level railroad track at constant speed. The car is open on top. A
large load of coal is suddenly dumped into the car. What happens to the velocity of the car?
It decreases

A child falls sideways off a sled while sledding on frictionless ice. What happens to the velocity of the
sled?
It remains the same.

A rubber ball and a lump of putty have equal mass. They are thrown with equal speed against the wall.
The ball bounces back with nearly the same speed with which it hit. The putty sticks to the wall. Which
objects experiences the greater momentum change?
the ball

A sailboat of mass m is moving with a momentum p. How would you represent its kinetic energy in
terms of these two quantities?
p²/(2m)

If you pitch a baseball with twice the kinetic energy you gave it in the previous pitch, the magnitude of
its momentum is
1.41 times as much

The area under the curve on a Force versus time (F vs. t) graph represents
impulse

Which of the following is an accurate statement?

If an object is acted on by a non-zero net external force, its momentum will not remain constant
A small car meshes with a large truck in a head-on collision. Which of the following statements
concerning the magnitude of the average collision force is correct?
The small car and the truck experience the same average force

Two equal mass balls (one red and the other blue) are dropped from the same height, and rebound off
the floor. The red ball rebounds to a higher position. Which ball is subjected to the greater magnitude of
impulse during its collision with the floor?
the red ball

A Ping-Pong ball moving east at a speed of 4 m/s, collides with a stationary bowling ball. The Ping-Pong
ball bounces back to the west, and the bowling ball moves very slowly to the east. Which object
experiences the greater magnitude impulse during the collision?
Neither, both experienced the same magnitude impulse.

Two objects and bounce off each other. Linear momentum

is definitely conserved

A 3.0-kg object moves to the right at 4.0 m/s. It collides head-on with a 6.0-kg object moving to the left
at 2.0 m/s. Which statement is correct?
The total momentum both before and after the collision is zero.

A 100-kg football linebacker moving at 2.0 m/s tackles head-on an 80-kg halfback running 3.0 m/s.
Neglecting the effects due to digging in of cleats,
the halfback will drive the linebacker backward.

In an elastic collision, if the movement momentum is conserved, then which of the following statements
is true about kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is also conserved.

When is kinetic energy conserved?

in elastic collisions
In a game of pool, the white cue ball hits the #5 ball and stops, while the #5 ball moves away with the
same velocity as the cue ball had originally. The type of collision is
elastic

When a light beach ball rolling with a speed of 6.0 m/s collides with a heavy exercise ball at rest, the
beach ball's speed after the collision will be, approximately,
6.0 m/s

A golf ball traveling 3.0 m/s to the right collides in a head-on collision with a stationary bowling ball in a
friction-free environment. If the collision is almost perfectly elastic, the speed of the golf ball
immediately after the collision is
slightly less then 3.0 m/s

A rubber ball with a speed of 5.0 m/s collides head-on elastically with an identical ball at rest. What is
the speed of the initially stopped ball after the collision?
5.0 m/s

A very heavy object moving with speed v collides head-on with a very light object at rest. The collision is
elastic, and there is no friction. The heavy object barely slows down. What is the speed of the light
object after the collision?
nearly 2v

A very light object moving with speed v collides head-on with a very heavy object at rest, in a frictionless
environment. The collision is almost perfectly elastic. The speed of the heavy object after the collision is
much less than v.

A red ball with a velocity of +3.0 m/s collides head-on with a yellow ball of equal mass moving with a
velocity of -2.0 m/s. What is the velocity of the yellow ball after the collision?
+3.0 m/s

A very heavy object moving with velocity v collides head-on with a very light object moving with velocity
-v. The collision is elastic, and there is no friction. The heavy object barely slows down. What is speed of
the light object after the collision>
nearly 3v
In an inelastic collision, if the momentum is conserved, then which of the following statements is true
about kinetic energy>
Kinetic energy is lost

Two objects collide and stick together. Kinetic energy

is definitely not conserved.

A 3.0-kg object moves to the right at 4.0 m/s. It collides in a perfectly inelastic collision with a 6.0 kg
object moving to the left at 2.0 m/s. What is the total kinetic energy after the collision?
36 J

A small object collides with a large object and sticks, Which object experiences the larger magnitude of
momentum change>
Both objects experience the same magnitude of momentum change

In a game of pool, the white cue ball hits the #9 ball and is deflected at a 35* angle to the original line of
motion. What is the angle of deflection below the original line of motion for the #9 ball?
55*

Consider two unequal masses, M and m. Which of the following statements is false?
If a uniform rod of mass m were to join the two masses, this would not alter the position of the center of
mass of the system without the rod present.

Which of the following is a false statement?

The center of mass of an object must lie within the object.

Tightrope walkers walk with a long flexible rod in order to

lower their center of mass

A plane, flying horizontally, releases a bomb, which explodes before hitting the ground. Neglecting air
resistance, the center of mass of the bomb fragments, just after the explosion
moves along a parabolic path
Two cars collide head-on on a level friction-free road. The collision was completely inelastic and both
cars quickly came to rest during the collision. What is true about the velocity of this system's center of
mass?
It was always zero.

What is the correct unit of work expressed in SI units?

kgm²/s²

Can work be done on a system if there is no motion>

No, because of the way work is defined.

If you push twice as hard against a stationary brick wall, the amount of work you do
remains constant at zero

A 50-N object was lifted 2.0 m vertically and is being held there. How much work is being done in
holding the box in this position?
0J

If you walk 5.0 m horizontally forward at a constant velocity carrying a 10-N object, the amount of work
you do is
zero

A container of water is lifted vertically 3.0 m then returned to its original position. If the total weight is
30 N, how much work was done?
No work was done.

Does the centripetal force acting on an object do work on the object?

No, because the force and the displacement of the object are perpendicular.

You throw a ball straight up. Compare the sign of the work done by gravity while the ball goes up with
the sign of the work done by gravity while it goes down.
Work is - on the way up + on the way down
The area under the curve, on a Force versus position (F vs. x) graph, represents
work

On a plot of Force versus position (F vs. x), what represents the work done by the force F?
the area under the curve

The quantity 1/2 mv² is

the kinetic energy of the object

If the net work done on an object is positive, the the object's kinetic energy
increases

If the net work done on an object is negative, the the object's kinetic energy
decreases

If the net work done on an object is zero, than the object's kinetic energy
remains the same

A truck weights twice as much as a car, and is moving at twice the speed of the car. Which statement is
true about the truck's kinetic energy compared to that of the car?
The truck has 8 times the kinetic energy of the car.

Car J moves twice as fast as car K, and car J has half the mass of car K. The kinetic energy of car J,
compared to car K is
2 to 1

An object hits a wall and bounces back with half of its original speed. What is the ratio of the final kinetic
energy to the initial kinetic energy?
1/4

A brick is moving at a speed of 3 m/s and a pebble is moving at a speed of 5 m/s. If both objects have the
same kinetic energy, what is the ratio of the brick's mass to the rock's mass?
25 to 9

A 4-0 kg mass is moving with speed 2.0 m/s. A 1.0-kg mass is moving with speed 4.0 m/s. Both p=objects
encounter the same constant braking force, and are brought to rest. Which object travels the greater
distance before stopping?
Both travel the same distance

You slam on the brakes of your car in a panic, and skid a certain distance on a straight, level road. If you
had been traveling twice as fast, what distance would the car have skidded, under the same conditions?
It would have skidded 4 times farther.

A planet of constant mass orbits the Sun in an elliptical orbit. Neglecting any friction effects, what
happens to the planet's kinetic energy?
It increases when the planet approaches the Sun, and decreases when it moves farther away.

State the work-energy principle.

The net work done on an object is equal to the change in the object's kinetic energy.

The quanity mgy is

the gravitational potential energy of the object

The quantity 1/2 kx² is

the elastic potential energy of the object

Is it possible for a system to have negative potential energy?

Yes, since the choice of the zero of potential energy is arbitrary

An object is released from rest a height h above the ground. A second object with four times the mass of
the first if released from the same height. The potential energy of the second object compared to the
first is
four times as much.
A 0.200-kg mass attached to the end of a spring causes it to stretch 5.0 cm. If another 0.200-kg mass is
added to the spring, the potential energy of the spring will be
4 times as much

The total mechanical energy of a system

is constant, only if conservative forces act.

An acorn falls from a tree. Compare its kinetic energy K, to its potential energy U.
K increases and U decreases.

Describe the energy of a car driving up a hill.

both kinetic and potential

A lightweight object and avery heavy object are sliding with equal speeds along a level frictionless
surface. They both slide up the same frictionless hill. Which rises to a greater height?
They both slide to the same height.

Consider two masses m1 and m2 at the top of two frictionless inclined planes. Both masses start from
rest at the same height. However, the plane on which m1 sits is at an angle of 30° with the horizontal,
while the plane on which m2 sits is at 60°. If the masses are released, which is going faster at the bottom
of its plane?
They both are going the same speed

State the principle of conservation of mechanical energy for conservative forces.

If only conservative forces are acting, the total mechanical energy of a system neither increases nor
decreases in any process. It stays constant-it is conserved.

A ball fits from the top of a building, through the air (air friction is present), to the ground below. How
does the kinetic energy(K) just before striking the ground compare to the potential energy(U) at the top
of the building>
K is less than U.

A ball drops some distance and gains 30 J of kinetic energy. Do not ignore air resistance. How much
gravitational potential energy did the ball lose>
more than 30 J

A ball drops some distance and loses 30 K of gravitational potential energy. Do not ignore air resistance.
How much kinetic energy did the ball gain?
less than 30 J

State the law of conservation of energy

The total energy is neither increased nor decreased in any process. Energy can be transformed from one
form to another, and transferred from one object to another, but the total amount remains constant.

The quantity Fd/t is

the power supplied to the object by the force

What is the correct unit of power expressed in SI units?

kgm²/s³

Of the following, which is not a unit of power?

watt/second

Compared to yesterday, you did 3 times the work in one-third the time. To do so, your power output
must have been
9 times yesterday's power output