Available Dosage From

Available Dosage Form In the Market
Definition: Dosage forms are the means ( or the form ) by which drug
molecules are delivered to sites of action within the body.
The need for dosage forms:

1- Accurate dose.
2- Protection e.g. coated tablets, sealed ampules.
3- Protection from gastric juice.
4- Masking taste and odour.
5- Placement of drugs within body tissues.
6- Sustained release medication.
7- Controlled release medication.
8- Optimal drug action.
9- Insertion of drugs into body cavities (rectal, vaginal)
10- Use of desired vehicle for insoluble drugs.
ORAL DOSAGE FORMS:

1-Tablet:
A tablet is a hard, compressed medication in round, oval or square shape. Solid dosage form
containing unit dose of one or more medicament.
- Prepared by mould method or compression method The excipients include:
-Binders, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure efficient tabletting.
-Disintegrants to ensure that the tablet breaks up in the digestive tract.
-Sweeteners or flavours to mask the taste of bad-tasting active ingredients.
-Pigments to make uncoated tablets visually attractive.
2-BUCCAL AND SUBLINGUAL TABLET:

Sublingual and buccal medications are administered by placing them in the mouth, either under
the tongue (sublingual) or between the gum and the cheek (buccal).
- The medications dissolve rapidly and are absorbed through the mucous membranes of the
mouth, where they enter into the bloodstream.
- Avoid the acid and enzymatic environment of the stomach and the drug metabolizing enzymes
of the liver.
- Examples of drugs administered by this route: e.g. vasodilators, steroidal hormones.
3-EFFERVESCENT TABLET
Effervescent tablets are uncoated tablets that generally contain acid substances (citric and tartaric
acids) and carbonates or bicarbonates and which react rapidly in the presence of water by
releasing carbon dioxide.
-They are intended to be dissolved or dispersed in water before use providing:
A- Very rapid tablet dispersion and dissolution.
B- Pleasant tasting carbonated drink.
4- CHEWABLE TABLET:
They are tablets that chewed prior to swallowing.
- They are designed for administration to children e.g. vitamin
products.
5- CAPSULE:
A capsule is a medication in a gelatin container.
-Æ solid dosage form
- Advantage: mask the unpleasant taste of its contents.
- The two main types of capsules are:
1- Hard-shelled capsules, which are normally used for dry, powdered ingredients,
2- Soft-shelled capsules, primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or
suspended in oil.
6- LOZENGE:
It is a solid preparation consisting of sugar and gum, the latter giving strength and cohesiveness
to the lozenge and facilitating slow release of the medicament.
- It is used to medicate the mouth and throat for the slow
administration of indigestion or cough remedies.
7- PASTILLES
They are solid medicated preparations designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth. They are softer
than lozenges and their bases are either glycerol and gelatin, or acacia and sugar.
8- DENTAL CONES:
A tablet form intended to be placed in the empty socket following a tooth extraction, for
preventing the local multiplication of pathogenic bacteria associated with tooth
extractions.
- The cones may contain an antibiotic or antiseptic.
9-PILLS
Pills are oral dosage forms which consist of spherical masses prepared from one or more
medicaments incorporated with inert excipients.
- Pills are now rarely used.
10- GRANULES:
- They are consisting of solid, dry aggregates of powder particles often supplied in single-dose
sachets. They are irregular shape particle which are made to improve
flow property of powder
- Some granules are placed on the tongue and swallowed with water, others are intended to be
dissolved in water before taking.
- Effervescent granules evolve carbon dioxide when added to water .

11- POWDER (ORAL):
Solid dosage forms intimate mixtures of dry finely divided drug or chemicals intended for
internal or external use.
- The mixed powders may be stored in dry form and mixture prepared by the pharmacist when
required for dispensing , by suspending the powders in the appropriate vehicle.
13-LIQUID PREPARATIONS
a- Oral solution.
b- Oral emulsion.
C-Oral suspension.
d- Syrup.
TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS:
1- Ointments
2- Creams
3- Gels (Jellies)
4- Poultice
5- Pastes
6- Dusting powders
7- Liniments
8-Lotions
9- Collodion
10- Paints
11- Pressurized dispensers (aerosol sprays)
RECTAL DOSAGE FORMS:

1- Suppository
2- Enema:
VAGINAL DOSAGE FORMS:

1- Pessary
2- Intramuscular injection.
3- Subcutaneous injection
INHALED DOSAGE FORMS:
INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS USED IN COMPOUNDING:

Extracts: These are concentrated preparations containing the active principals of vegetable or
animal drugs which have been extracted with suitable solvents and concentrated to form liquid,
soft or dry extract.
Glycerins: These are solutions of medicaments in glycerol with or without

the addition of water.
Infusions: These are dilute solutions containing the readily soluble

constituents of crude drugs and prepared by diluting 1 part of concentrated infusion with 10 parts
of water. Concentrated infusions are prepared by cold extraction of crude drugs with 25%
ethanol.
Oxymels: These are preparations in which the vehicle is a mixture of acetic acid and honey.
Spirits: They are alcoholic or aqueous alcoholic solutions of volatile substances used as
flavouring agents.
Tinctures: These are alcoholic preparations containing the active principals of vegetable drugs.
They are relatively weak compared to extracts.
Aromatic waters: These are aqueous solutions, usually saturated of volatile oils or other volatile
substances. Used as flavoring agents.

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Available Formats

Available Dosage Form In the Market

The need for dosage forms:

ORAL DOSAGE FORMS:

2-BUCCAL AND SUBLINGUAL TABLET:

- Effervescent granules evolve carbon dioxide when added to water .

TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS:

RECTAL DOSAGE FORMS:

VAGINAL DOSAGE FORMS:

INHALED DOSAGE FORMS:

INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS USED IN COMPOUNDING:

Glycerins: These are solutions of medicaments in glycerol with or without

Infusions: These are dilute solutions containing the readily soluble

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