AISsC 5th - R10 Edition
AISsC 5th - R10 Edition
AISsC 5th - R10 Edition
.An
1950
58..
.
-
CQrVRIGIIT \9017
New York, N. Y.
Prinl.ed \ .. u.s.A.
D
STEEL
CONSTRUCTION
Fifth Edition
Tenth IJrinling
1950
FOREWORD
The American Institute of Steel Construction is a service organi-
zation operating without possibility of dividends or profit. It is
financed by assessments received from structural steel fabricators.
It is engaged in research and in the assembling and distribution of
data and infonnation from which architects and engineers may pre-
pare engineering plans conforming to the most advanced infonnation
available to the technical professions, and in conformity with the
best industrial practices.
Executive and engineering offices are maintained in New York
City.
Recognizing the merits of personal contact in the clearer under-
standing oC data, the Institute has established district offices in
various sections of the country. These offices are in charge of
engineers with a background of valuable experience, and their
services are available without cost to those interested or engaged in
the construction industries.
The Institute does not prepare engineering plans. While every
precaution has been taken so that all data and information are as
accurate as possible, and while our engineers endeavor to supple-
ment these data by conference and advice, the Institute cannot
assume responsibility for errors or over.sights in the use of such
infomlation or in the preparation of engineering plans.
Where it has been possible to identify the authors of data that
are reprOOuced in full, in part, or in modified fonn in this book, such
data are used with the author's permission. Acknowledgment is
made to:
American Bridge Company
American Institute of Bolt. Nut and Rive.t ManufactUreR
American Iron and Steellnstilute
American Society for Testing Materials
American Standards Assexiation
American Welding Society
Beth1ehem Steel Company
Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation
Inland Steel Company
Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation
Lukens Steel Company
Mississippi Valley Structural Steel Company
National Lumber Manufacturers Association
National Tube Company
Phoenix Bridge Company
United States Department of Commera!, National Bureau of Standards
United States Steel Corporation
Weiskopf & Pickworth. Consulting Engineers. New York
LIST OF SYMBOLS
A Area
B Bending factor (A/ S)
b Breadth or width
C Constant
c Distance from neutral axis to extreme fiber
D Diameter
d Depth
6 Deflection of a point of a structure
o Unit defannation or strain
E Modulus of elasticity (f/ a)
e Eccentricity of application of load
r Unit stress
g Gage for riveting
I Moment of inertia
L Length in feet
1 Length in inches
M Moment of force including bending moment
P Force or concentrated load
p Pressure per unit of area
R Reaction
r Radius of gyration
S Section modulus (I/ e)
t Thickness, or temperature
V Total shear
v Unit shear
W Totalload
w Load per unit of length
X Horizontal axis
x Distance parallel to X axis
Y Vertical axis
y Distance parallel to Y axis
ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS
PART
Under the grouping "Special " Shapes are shown sizes and
sections for which there is a fluctuating demand and, therefore, are
rolled at irregular intervals, and then only by special arrangement.
Consequently the use of "Special" Shapes should generally be
avoided, unless the quantity of anyone size is sufficient to warrant
a rolling.
"'"
Bulb Angle!!
Plates
54-55
5%0
BulbL6x3~xI7.4
PI. 18 x >i:
SQuare Bars 72-73 Bar 1 ttl
Round Bars 72-73 Bar I J4" <J)
Flat Bars 74 Bar 2 J.i x J4"
W SHAPES
,,
·-x
-
.,.,,, Fl ...... AXI5 X-X AX I S V-V
-,.. ---,..
Weith\
"u W"
Nomine'
Sil' f::" Width Thick·
Tlllck_
I S , I S ,
,.. c.. ~ ,.. ,..
--
In,' ,.' '" - - I--j;;-
1-'--
In.1
- ,.-
36x 16}i 300
280
26()
88.17 36.72 16.655 1.680
82.32 36.50 16.595 1.570
76.56 36.24 16.555 1.440
....
.945 20290.2 1105.1 15.17 1225. '47.1
18819.3 1031.2 15.12 1127.5 135.9
.845 17233.8 951.1 15.00 1020.6 123.3
3.73
3.70
3.65
245 no03 36.06 16.512 1.350 .802 16092.2 892.5 14.95 "'.7 114.4 3.62
230 67.73 35.88 16.475 ,,26() .765 14988.4 835.5 14.88 870.9 105.7 3.59
36 X 12 194 57.11 36.48 12.117 ,,26() .n. 12103.4 663._ 14.56 355.4 58.7 2.49
182 53." 36.32 12.072 1.180 .725 11281.5 621. 14.52 327.7 54.3 2.47
170 49.98 36.16 12.027 1.100 .680 10470.0 579.1 14.47 300._ SO., VIS
'60 47.09 36.00 12.000 ,,020 .653 9738.8 54" 14.38 275.4 45.9 V~2
ISO 44.16 35.84 11.972 .94' .625 9012.1 502.' 14.29 250.4 41.8 2.38
33x 15~ 240 70.52 33.SO 15.865 1.400 .830 13585.1 811.1 13.88 874.3 110.2 3.52
220 64.73 33.25 15.810 1.275 .ns 12312.1 740.6 13.79 782.4 99.' 3.48
200 58.79 33.00 15.750 1.150 .715 11048.2 669.6 13.71 691.7 87.8 3.~3
33xll,1.i 152
141
44.71 33.SO
41.51 33.31
11.565 1.055
11.535 .... .635 8'''7.6 "86.4 13.50 258.1 +1.3 2.39
.605 7442.2 446.8 '3.39 229.7 39.8 2.35
30 X 15
I 130
21.
38.26 33.10
61.78 30.38
11.510 .855
15.1OS 1.315
.580 6699.0 404.8 13.23 201.4 35.0 2.29
.m 9872.4
1
649.9 12.64 707.9 93.7 3.38
".
172
55." 30.12
SO.65 29."
15.040 1.185
14.985 1.065
.7 10
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8825.9
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586.1 12.57
528.2 12.48
624.6
550.1
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lOx 10,l.i i 132 38.83 30.30 10.SSI 1.000 .615 5753.1 379.7 12.17 185.0 35.1 2.18
11_
12. 36.45 30.16 10.521 .93' .585 5347.1 354._ 12.11 169.7 32.3 2.16
108
34.13 30.00 10.500
31.77 29.82 10.484
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.664 4919. 1
4461.0
327.9 12.00
299.211.85
153.2
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280
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220 33)1 15~ 1)1 % % 7Ji 28% 2,. 36.% ' Ji 5Ji
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200
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Nominal
Size ..
Weight
~~, Ate. Do,. Width
F1a"llll
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Z1 X 14 177 52.10 27.31 14.090 1.190 .725 6728.6 492.8 11.36 518.9 73.7 3.16
ISO 47.04 27.08 14.023 1.075 .658 6018.6 444.5 11.31 458.0 65.3 3. 12
145 42.68 26.88 13.965 .975 .600 541 4.3 402.9 11.26 406.9 58.3 3.09
Z1 x 10 114 33.53 27.28 10.070 .932 .570 4080.5 299.2 11.03 149.6 29.7 2.11
102 30.01 21.07 10.018 .827 .518 3604.1 266.3 10.96 129.5 25.9 2.08
94 27.65 26.91 9.990 .747 .490 3266.7 242.8 10.87 115.\ 23.0 2.04
24 x 14 ISO 47.04 24.72 14.091 1.135 .656 5110.3 413.5 10.42 492.6 69.9 3.23
145 42.62 24.49 14.043 1.020 .608 4561.0 372.5 10.34 434.3 61 .8 3.19
130 38.21 24.25 14.000 .900 .565 4009.5 330.7 10.24 375.2 53.6 3.13
24 x 12 120 35.29 24.31 12.088 .930 .556 3635.3 299. 1 10.15 254.0 42.0 2.68
110 32.36 24.16 12.042 .855 .51 0 3315.0 274.4 10.12 229.1 38.0 2.66
100 29.43 24.00 12.000 .775 .468 2987.3 248.9 10.08 203.5 33.9 2.63
24 x 9 94 27.63 24.29 9.061 .8n .516 2663.0 220.9 9.85 102.2 22.6 1.92
84 24.71 24.09 9.015 .n2 .470 2364.3 196.3 9.78 88.3 19.6 1.89
76 22.37 23.91 8.985 .682 .440 2096.4 175.4 9.68 76.5 17.0 1.85
21 x 13 142 41.76 21.46 13.132 1.095 .659 3403. 1 317.2 9.03 385.9 58.8 3.04
127 37.34 21.24 13.061 .985 .588 3017.2 284. 1 8.99 338.6 51.8 3.01
112 32.93 21 .00 13.000 .865 .527 2620.6 249.6 8.92 289.7 44.6 2.96
21 x 9 96 28.21 21.14 9.038 .935 .575 2088.9 197.6 8.SO 109.3 24.2 1.97
82 24.10 20.86 8.962 .795 .499 1752.4 168.0 8.53 89.6 20.0 1.93
21 x 8U 73 21.46 21.24 8.295 .740 .455 1600.3 150.7 8.64 66.2 16.0 1.76
68 20.02 21.13 8.270 .685 .430 1478.3 139.9 8.59 SO.4 14.6 1.74
62 18.23 20.99 8.240 .615 .400 1326.8 126.4 8.53 53.1 12.9 1.71
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18)( 11 ,... 114 33.1)1 18.48 11.833 .991 .595 2033.8 22<>.1 7.79 255.6 43.2 2.76
105 30.86 18.32 11.792 .911 .554 1852.5 202.2 7.75 231.0 39.2 2.73
96 28.22 18.16 11 .750 .831 .512 1674.7 184.4 7.70 206.8 35.2 2.71
.a. 8~1 85
n
24.97
22.63
18.32
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8.787
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1429.9 156.1
1286.8 141.7
7.57
7.54
99.4
88.6
22.5
20.2
2.00
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70 20.56 18.00 8.750 .751 .438 1153.9 128.2 7.49 78.5 17.9 1.95
64 18.80 17.87 8.715 .686 .403 1045.8 117.0 7.46 70.3 16.1 1.93
18 . 7' , 60 17.64 18.25 7.558 .695 .416 984.0 107.8 7.47 47.1 12.5 1.63
55 16.19 18.12 7.532 .630 .390 889.9 98.2 7.41 42.0 '1.1 1.61
50 14.71 18.00 7.500 .570 .358 800.6 89.0 7.38 37.2 9.9 1.59
16)( 11 .!-i 96 28.22 16.32 11.533 .875 .535 1355.1 166.1 6.93 207.2 35.9 2.71
88 25.87 16.16 11.502 .795 .504 1222.6 151.3 6.87 185.2 32.2 2.67
16, 8li 78 22.92 16.32 8.586 .875 .529 1042.6 127.8 6.74 87.5 20.4 1.95
71 20.86 16.16 8.543 .795 .486 936.9 115.9 6.70 77.9 18.2 1.93
64 18.80 16.00 8.500 .715 .+13 833.8 104.2 6.66 68.4 16.1 1.91
58 17.04 15.86 8.464 .645 .407 746.4 94.1 6.62 60.5 14.3 1.88
16 J( 7 50 14.70 16.25 7.073 .628 .380 655.4 80.7 6.68 34.8 9.8 1.54
45 13.24 16.12 7.039 .563 .346 583.3 72.4 6.64 30.5 8.7 1.52
40 11.77 16.00 7.000 .503 .307 515.5 64.4 6.62 26.5 7.6 1.50
36 10.59 15.85 6.992 .426 .299 446.3 56.3 6.49 22.1 6.3 1.45
~r"·i-+*"
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Weight
h.
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m g. 0
18x 8~ 85 18% 8il 'liO liO )( ')j 15% ' % 20% 2j( liO 5)i
77 ,8)j 8U 'I" h j( ')j 15 ~ ' % 2O)j 2li liO 5)i
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14 X 16 426 125.25 18.69 16.695 3.033 1.875 6610.3 707.4 7.26 2359. 5 282.7 4.34
398 116.98 18.31 16.590 2.843 1.770 6013.7 656.9 7. 17 2 169. 7261.6 4.31
37. 108.78 17.94 16,475 2.658 1.655 5454.2 608.1 7." 1986. 241.1 4.27
342 100.59 17.56 16.365 2 ..... 1.545 4911.5 559.4 6.99 1806.9 220.8 4.24
31 4 92.30 17.19 16.235 2.283 1.0415 4399.4 511.9 6.90 1631.4 201.0 ' .20
287 84.37 16.81 16.130 2.093 1.310 3912.1 465.5 6.81 1466.5 181.8 4.17
264 n.63 16.50 16.1)25 1.938 1.205 3526.0 427.4 6.74 1331. 156.1 4.14
2.6 72.33 16.25 15.945 1.813 1.125 3228.9 397.4 6.68 1226.6 153.9 4.12
237 69.69 16.12 15.910 1.743 1.090 3080.9 382.2 6.65 1174.8 147.7 4.11
228
219
211
67.06 16.00 15.865
64.36 15.87 15.825
62.07 15.75 15.800
1.668
1.623
1.563
1.045
1.005
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2942.4
2798.2
2671.4
367.8
352.6
339.2
6.62
6.59
6.56
1124.8 141.8
1073.2 135.6
1028.6 130.2
....
4.10
4.07
202 59.39 15.63 15.750 1.503 .930 2538.8 324.9 6.54 979.7 124.4 '.06
193 56.73 15.50 15.710 1.438 .690 2402.4 310.0 6.51 930.1 118.4 4.05
164 54.07 15.38 15.660 1.378 .640 2274.8 295.8 6,49 882.7 112.7 '.04
176 51.73 15.25 15.640 1.313 .620 2149.6 281.9 6,45 837.9 107.1 '.02
167 49.09 15.12 15.600 1.248 .760 2020.6 267.3 6,42 790.2 101.3 4.01
156 46.47 15.00 15.550 1.188 .730 1900.6 253,4 6,40 745.0 95.8 4.00
150 44." 14.88 15.515 1.1 28 .695 1786.9 240.2 6.37 702.5 90.6 3.99
142 41.85 14.75 15.500 1.063 .680 1672.2 226.7 6.32 660.1 85.2 3.97
·320 94.12 16.81 16.710 2.093 1.890 41 41.7 492.8 6.63 1635. 1 195.7 4.17
14x14 ~ 136 39.98 14.75 14.740 1.063 .660 1593.0 216.0 6.31 5fi7.7 77.0 3.n
127 37.33 14.62 14.690 .998 .610 1476.7 202 .• 6.29 527.6 71.8 3.76
119 34.99 14.50 14.650 .936 .570 1373. 1 189,4 6.26 491.8 67.1 3.75
111 32.65 14.37 14.620 .873 .540 1266.5 176.3 6.23 454.9 62.2 3.73
103 30.26 14.25 14.575 .813 .495 1165.8 163.6 6.21 41 9.7 57.6 3.72
95 27.94 14. 12 14.545 .748 .465 1063.5 150.6 6.17 363.7 52.8 3.71
87 25.56 14.00 14.500 .668 .•20 966.9 138.1 6.15 349.7 46.2 3.70
14 X 12 64 24.71 14.18 12.023 .m ,451 928.' 130.9 6.13 225.5 37.5 3.02
76 22.94 14.06 12.000 .718 .•28 851.2 121 .1 6.09 206.9 34.5 3.00
14 X 10 74 21.76 14.19 10.012 .783 .450 796.8 112.3 6.05 133.5 26.5 2.48
68 20.00 14.06 10.040 .718 ,418 724.1 103.0 6.02 121.2 24.1 2.46
61 17.94 13.91 10.000 .643 .378 641.5 92.2 5.98 107.3 21.5 2,45
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'58 15 15» ' 1M
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' 50 14;.i 15» , Ji 7li 3
142
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127 14Ji 14 U ,'," %
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61 133i li li 1M 2}i U 5»
"Column Core Section.
G1I~ 10 II blloed on II: + I J.t", to nea_t K".
AMERICA N I NSTITUTE 01" STEEL CONSTRUCTI ON
2.
ROLLED STEEL S H APES
I
W
PROPERTI ES FOR DESIGNING
SHAPES
xjE Y
Nominal
Size
WeiOhl
,!':\ ~ . Depth
Wldtll
flange
Th ick_
WOO
Tni~k_
nen I
AXI5 X-X
S , I ,
"XIS V-V
S
,.. - - - - -,..-
nell
".
---- ,.. ---
,.. --
,.. -,..- - - I-c-
~
CO. In.' In.' In.' In.'
14;11 8 53 15.59 13.94 8.062 .658 .370 542.1 n.' 5.90 57.5 14.3 1.92
48 14.11 13.81 8.031 .593 .33' 484.9 70.2 5.86 5l.3 12.8 1.91
43 12.65 13.68 '.000 .528 .3{)8 429.0 62.7 '.82 4S.1 11.3 1.89
14 X 6U 38 11.17 14.12 6.776 .513 .313 385.3 54.6 5.87 24.6 7.3 1.49
34 10.00 14.00 6.750 .453 .287 339.2 48.5 5.83 21.3 6.3 1.46
3. 8.81 13.86 6.733 .383 .270 289.6 41.8 5.73 17.5 5.2 1.41
12 X 12 190 55.86 14.38 12.670 1.736 1.060 1892.5 263.2 5.82 589.7 93.1 3.25
161 47.38 lJ.88 12.515 1.486 .905 1541.8 222.2 5.70 486.2 77.7 3.20
133 39.1 1 13.38 12.365 1.236 .755 1221.2 182.5 5.59 389.9 63.1 3.16
120 35.31 13.12 12.320 1.106 .710 1071.7 163.4 5.51 345.1 56 .• 3.13
106 31.19 12.88 12.230 .986 .620 930.7 144.5 5.46 300.' 49.2 3.11
99 29.09 12.75 12.190 .921 .580 858.5 134.7 5.43 278.2 45.7 3.09
92 27.06 12.62 12.155 .858 .545 788.9 125.0 5.40 256.4 42.2 3.00
85 24.98 12.50 12.105 .796 .495 723.3 115.7 5.38 235.5 38.' 3.07
79 23.22 12.38 12.060 . 736 .470 683 .• 107.1 5.34 216.4 35.8 3.05
72 21.16 12.25 12.040 .671 .43. 597.4 97.5 5.31 195.3 32.4 3."
65 19.11 12.12 12.000 .606 .390 533.4 ".0 5.28 174.6 29.' 3.02
12 X 10 58 17.06 12.19 10.014 .641 .359 476.1 78.1 5.28 107.4 21.4 2.51
53 15.59 12.06 10.000 .576 .345 426.2 70.7 5.23 96.1 19.2 2.48
12 X 8 50 14.71 12.19 8.0n .641 .371 394.5 64.7 5.18 56.' 14.0 1.96
45 13.24 12.06 8.042 .576 .336 350.8 58.2 5.15 50 .• 12.4 1.94
40 11.77 11.94 '.000 .516 .294 310.1 51.9 5.13 .... 1 11.0 1.94
12 X 6 J.i 36 10.59 12.24 6.585 .540 .305 28... 45.9 5.15 23.7 7.2 1.50
.465 .265 238.4 39.4 5.11 19.8 6.1 1.47
"
27
9.12 12.09
7.97 11.95
6.525
6.500 .400 .240 204.1 34.1 5.06 16.6 5.' 1.44
.. '·i-·*"
"
[J )- W SHAPES
I
~~:;'
DIMENSIONS FOR DETAILING
- Fla.... WOO
O;."~ I=
/'IomlM
&n
W•• ght
f:
oot
o.p,lh
f-,,-+-;:-
W idth
--:-=--
Th' k
,-
Hall
'" • Th,ck_ ThlCk_
-I-I-'--I-~-I-
a T
_. -
k m
.
II> I C II
.
13"
43 13% a 'i 'r. 3" 11~ .)i 15J.i 2M j( 5M
\4 x6~ 38
"" .
1<J.i 6~
6j( lio
, iii
iii
'k
iii
3j( 12)i
31{ 12)i
• 15~
'j(
'iii ' 5j; 'j(
I j(
J<
3M
3M
30 13 ~ 6J< )i
'" )i 31{ 12)i
" 15M 2~i !Ii 3Ji
12 x 12 .90
'6'
. 33
14j; '2j;
13~ 12;'
12j;
'j{
Pi
1l,
"-.., ''--
j;
5j{
5j{
9j{ 2l" ' 9J<
9~
9j{
21• 18~
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3j(
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13~s li 5~': I u\& 18~1' l1i 5M
.20
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,
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5j{
9j(
9j{
P 'i6 18
", 17~
3
3
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12;.i 121{
99 1ZU- 121{ '," "
" 5j{ 9j{ 'J-! 17~ 2j{ j; 5M
12" 12)i iii "l, 5j{ 9j{ nu, 17M 2j{ 5M
" ,.
92
85
79
121~ 12Ji
12" 12Ji
'!Ii
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)7
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lio
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72 1
12 " 12 'lio 'iO !, 5~ 9j( 'j( 17J( ,,.
2', lio 5M
12 x 8
58
53
50
12~4
12
12j(
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5)7
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45 12 a Ii;"" lio 3Ji 9j{ '!Ii 14 ~ 21S j( 5M
12 x6}i
40
36
12
12 ~4
a
6j;
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W SHAPES
y
·-x
fl.nge
w., "X IS x -x AXIS V-V
-
Welghl
Nom; ... 1
Sire ~"
00'
A.u 00..,
Wldtll Thk:l<_
ON.
Thick.
1 S , 1 S ,
-- - -1--..;:;- - - - -
'0. LO. In.>
I~ '0. '0. '0. In,' In.' '0. - - -In.'- - -'0.-
10:w: 10 112 32.92 11.38 10.415 1.248 .755 718.7 126.3 4.67 235.4 45.2 2.67
100 29.43 11.12 10.345 1.118 .685 625.0 112.4 4.61 206.6 39.9 2.65
89 26. 19 10.88 10.275 .998 .615 542.4 99.7 4.55 lao.6 35.2 2.63
.
77
72
60
54
22.67 10.62 10.195 .868
21.18 10.50 10.170 .608
19041 10.38 10.117
17.66 10.25 10.Q75
.748
.683
15.88 10.12 10.028 .618
.535
.510
.457
.415
.368
457.2
420.7
382.5
343.7
305.7
86.1
80.1
73.7
67.1
60.4
4.49
4.46
4.44
4.41
4.39
153.4
141.8
129.2
116.5
103.9
30.1
27.9
25.5
23.1
20.7
2.60
2.59
2.58
2.57
2.56
49 14.40 10.00 10.000 .558 .340 272.9 54.6 4.35 93.0 18.6 2.54
10 X 8 45 13.24 10.12 8.022 .618 .350 248.6 49.1 4.33 53.2 13.3 2.00
39 11.48 9.94 7.990 .528 .318 20$.7 42.2 4.27 44.9 11.2 1.98
33 9.71 9.75 7.964 .433 .2$2 170.9 35.0 4.20 36.5 9.2 1.94
10 X 5" 29 8.53 10.22 5.799 .500 .289 157.3 30.8 4.29 15.2 5.2 1.34
25 7.35 10.08 5.762 .430 .252 133.2 26.4 4.26 12.7 4.4 1.31
21 6.19 9.90 5.750 .340 .240 106.3 21.5 4.14 9.7 3.4 1.25
8,8 67 19.70 9.00 8 .287 .933 .575 271.8 60.4 3.71 88.6 21.4 2.12
8.222 .608 .510 227.3 52.0 3.65 74.9 18.2 2.10
"
48
40
17.06
14.11
11.76
8.75
8.50
8.25
8.117
8.0n
.683
.558
.405
.365
183.7
146.3
43.2
35.5
3.61
3.53
60.9
49.0
15.0
12.1
2.08
2.04
35 10.30 8.12 8.0:n .493 .315 126.5 31.1 3.50 42.5 10.6 2.03
31 9.12 8.00 8.000 .433 .288 109.7 27.4 3 .47 37.0 9.2 2.01
8l1:6.l1 28 8.23 8.06 6.540 .463 .285 97.8 24.3 3.45 21.6 6.6 1.62
24 7.06 7.93 6.500 .398 .245 82.5 20.8 3.42 18.2 5.6 1.61
8x5U 20 5.88 8.14 5.268 .378 .248 69.2 17.0 3.43 8.5 3.2 1.20
17 5.00 8.00 5.250 .308 .230 56.4 14.1 3.36 6.7 2.6 1.16
-.! a-t_+*"
,
T r;- W
DIMENSIONS FOR DETAILING
SHAPES
I
~'i
w..
Nom'",'
S...
W.ight
';:1
""",. Wictth
Fl ....
,y.
Thick· _. _.
Thk:k. Thlck_HilI
• T k
Diltara
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m
•
- - - - - - -- --
--.;;:- : ~
""""
O.~
'". co. ". ". ". '". '". ". '". '". '".
,,,, ."
11 ~ 'O~ ,)( ~ 7Ji , )( 15)1 3 5)1
""
10)[ 10 '12 )( 'Ji
"" 'O ~
'00 ~ 7Ji ,~ 3 15M 5)1
' Ji
89 1 0~ 10~ ~ 7Ji ' )1 15 2){ ~ 5)1
n
72
' O~ 'O){
'liO
Ji
" ""
)1 )(
' Ji
'Ji 7Ji
7Ji ,,,
, ~ 14 N 2){
14 ~ 2){
~ ')1
5)1
66
60
'0)1 '0"
'O~ ,O)i
1Oj( ,O)i
)(
' liO ""
)(
)(
' Ji
' Ji 7Ji
7Ji ,,,
'j( 14)1 2)1
14 ~ 2)1
liO
liO
liO
5)1
5)1
54 ,O)i '0 ~ )i liO
' Ji
' Ji 7Ji
,,,
,)i " ){ 2)1 )( 5)1
" I.
49 '0 '0 )i liO . Ji 7Ji 14)i 2)1 )( 5)1
10 x 8 45
3<J
,O)i
'0
8
8
)i
J>
)i
liO liO
3Ji
3Ji
7Ji
7Ji ,,,
,)i '3
12}i
2J>
2J>
j(
)(
5J>
5J>
33 9){ 8
" '" liO 3Ji 7Ji
.'" '2)i 2){ )( 5J>
8.8 67 9
8){
8){
8){ .'.'"" " liO 3Ji
3Ji
6)i
6)i
,,,,','""
2){
12y,(
2J>
)i 5J>
" 5J>
58 J> )( '2
48 8J> 8)i % liO 3Ji 6)i 11 34 2J> )( 5J>
!. "
!. ..
40 8){ 8)i )i liO 3Ji 6)i 'liO 11)i 2){ )( 'J>
35 8)i 8 J> liO liO 3Ji 6)i Ji 11 J> 2){ )( 'J>
3' 8 8 3Ji 6)i 'liO 11~ 2){ )( 5J>
8 x5~ 20 8)i 5j( ~ j( )i 2J> 6){ 'liO 9){ 2j( liO 2){
8 5j( 6){ 9)i 2j( 2){
" )i 2J> )i
17 )( liO
Gage., 100 bQed ... It + l)t ". to...ano.t}( "
W SHAPES ,
y
MISCELLANEOUS (B)
I ,.,.. D.,,,
FI.ngto
w ••
AX I S X·X . AXIS y::.,~
"u'
'". I ". In.'
'". '". '". '".
VF SHAPES AN D LIGHT COLUMNS
6 'IF 25 737 6.37 6.080 .456 .320 53.5 16.8 2.69 17.1 5.6 1.52
6,6 20 5.00 6.20 6.Q18 .367 .258 ~1.7 13.4 2.66 13.3 4.4 1.50
15.5 4.62 6.00 6.000 .269 .240 30.3 10.1 2.56 9.69 3.2 1.45
5 VF 18.5 5.'15 5.12 5.025 .420 265 25.4 9.94 2.16 8.89 3.54 1.28
5,5 16 4.70 5.00 5.000 .360 .240 21.3 •. 53 2.13 7.51 3.00 1.26
1
4 VF 13 3.82 ".16 4.060 .345 .280 1 ".3 5.451 1.72 3. 76 11.85 .99
LIGHT BEAMS
12 X .. 22
19
6.47
5.62
12.31
12.16
4.030
4.010
.424
.349
.200
.240
155.7
130.1
25.3
21.4
4.91
4.81
4. 55
3.67
2.26
1.83
...
.61
16J.i 4.86 12.00 4.000 .269 .230 105.3 17.5 4.65 2.79 1.39 .76
10)( 4 19 5.61 10.25 4.020 .394 .250 96.2 18.8 4.14 4.19 2.08 .86
17 4.98 10.12 4.010 .329 .240 81.8 16.2 4.05 3.45 1.72 .83
15 4 .40 10.00 4.000 .269 .230 68 .• 13.8 3.95 2.79 1.39 .80
• , 4 15 4.43 8.12 4.015 .314 .245 48.0 , 1.8 3.29 3.30 1.65 .86
13 3.83 '.00 4.000 .254 .230 39.5 9.88 3.21 2.62 1.31 .83
6x' 16
12
4.72
3.53
6.25
6.00
4.030
'.000
....
.279
.280
.230
31.7
21.7
10. 1 2.59
7.24 2.48
'.32
2.89
2.14
1.44
.96
.90
JOISTS
12 II; 4 14 4.14 11 .91 3.970 .224 .200 88.2 14.8 4.61 2.25 1.13 .74
10 II; 4 ll J.i 3.39 9.87 3.950 .204 .180 51.9 10.5 3.92 2.01 1.02 .n
.,'
6"
10 2.95
'J.i 2.50
7.90
5.83
3.940
3.940
.204
.194
.170
.170
30.'
14.8
7.79
5.07
3.23
2.43
1.99
1.89
1.01
.96
.•2
.87
Above lhape an rolled by Belhlthnn Sted Co. and Camecie·lllinoa. Stetl Corp .. uotPt' \IF 13 by
Bethlthtm Sled Co. only.
See pa~ 10 for "",lhod of desi,....t_
l
,
T•
•
- - - -r!
•• I•
COLUMNS AND BEAMS
~ ~~---.;.-i --1--,,-
In. In.
WIIl'lh
- In. ,~ - In. I~ _-1-:-;:---
In. In. In. In.
"...
I n.
"...
Th"'k_ TIIl<:k_ TtI"'k-
..."
a T k g. eRr... II
6W 6Ys 6 ~
'.
~1I ,%
. '. 3',
25 2% 21:(
6,6 20 6li 6 li "li 2}i '%
li
% 2
).
"
%
)j 3',
15.5 6 6 ), ), J, 2)j ' )j 2 )j 3}:i
."
5W
HI'
18.5
T6
13
• ,•• 'li"
').1
, ).I li
'(
),
,.
-.
).I
)i
)i
,
2» 1 331~'
2H
1)j
,
!.,i1
2)j
. li
li
)i
I
'.. 2
2
• 'li
'
, )i
•.
)j
)j
2 3(
2li
2~:(
LI G HT BEAMS
10 II: 4 19 10}:i'
10).1 ,,, li li ).I l Ji 8Ji ,,~ 2
2 ''"" "" 2li
17
15 10 "li li
li
).I
J.I
l Ji
l Ji
8Ji
8)j ...
J.I
lli 'M ~:(
2%
2li
8" J5
13
8).1
8
,, .,
h
_'.-
li
).I
).I
l Ji
1),
6Ji
6Ji ..-.
)i 2
l li .
'M '-:(
li
2li
2U
6" 16
12
6li
6
4
4
li
li
li
li
).I
)i
1)j
1)j
4Ji
4)j .
% 2
," 110
1M
li
li
2li
2U
..
JOISTS
lIJi
,• lJi 10 ~ l li 2li
'''""" ''""
12 II; 4 14 li ).I J.I
10 x 4 11~ 9Ji lJi 8Ji ~ l li 2li
''""
).I )i
80.
6, •
10 7Ji • ).I lJi 6Ji
•
~ l li
lli '" )i 2li
2li
8~
'" '" l Ji
"' '" J.I
'Ji 4 )i
Above.hapsell roll,... by Bethlehem Sled Co. Ind Carno:'lrilP- lIHnDis Steel Corp .• uttpl4 YF 13 by Betb-
It""", St~1 Co. onl)'.
Gal'! CI i. b/I.-,d on II: + lJ.(' • to nea...t
J("
Gale.ll:.1 ~rmiuiblf near tnds of beam: ellewhotre Specification may require reduction In rivet tiae.
AMf;RICAN IN STITUTE 01" ST1!:£L CONSTRU C TI O N
26
ROL. L- E D STEE L. S H APES
MISCELLANEOUS SHAPES
y
·- x
..
~~
AX I S X-X AX I S V-V
-
Weight W klth w••
Nomin,l
51,. 1::,\ Fl."""
Thick-
I S , I S ,
- - ". ---- In""' - ".-
". '". I n.' In.
'". ". tn. ' In.' In.'
LI G HT COLU MNS
• 8 X8 34.3 10.09 8.00 8.000 .375 115.5 28.9 3.40 35. 1 8.8 1.87
·6x6 25.0 7.35 6.00 5.938 .313 47.0 15.7 2.53 14.9 5.• 1.43
20.• 5.88 6.00 5.938 .250 38.8 12.9 2.57 11.4 3.8 1.39
,5x5 18.9 5.56 5.00 5.000 .313 23.8 9.5 2.08 7.8 3.1 1.20
~x 4 13.0 3.82 4.00 3.937 .250 10.4 5.2 1.65 3.4 1.7 .94
ST AN D AR D MILL BEAMS
:10 X 5~ 25 7.35 9.90 5.86 .35 117.0 23.6 3.99 9.84 3.36 1.16
21 6.18 9.90 5.74 .24 107.5 21.7 4.17 9.30 3.24 1.22
t8 X 6}i 28 8.23 8.00 6.65 .39 90.1 22.5 3.31 17.73 5.33 1.47
24 7.06 8.00 6.50 .24 83.8 21.0 3.45 16.52 5.08 1.53
:8 x5j( 20 5.88 8.00 5.36 .35 60.7 15.2 3.22 6.60 2.46 1.06
17 5.00 8.00 5.25 .24 56.• 14.0 3.35 6.16 2.35 1.11
J U N IO R BEAMS
. ,2 X 3 ---,--,--:a 3.45 12.00 3.063 .175 72.2 12.0 4.57 .98 .64 .53
_10 X 2U 9.• 2.64 10.00 2.888 .155 39.0 7.8 3.85 .61 .45 .48
. 8 X 2U 6.5 1.92 8.00 2.281 .135 18.7 4.7 3.12 .34 .3. .42
. 6 X 1.% 4.4 1.30 6.00 1.844 .114 7.3 2.4 2.37 .17 .18 .36
.
;P
[ JU N IOR C H AN NELS x-
-=
'- x
•
AX IS X-X AX I S y_y
Weight _.
Width W• •
Nominal
Si.. f::.t "" 000" FI. nos
Thlck_
'h' I S , I S , ,
". '". In,'
". ". ". In.' In.'
". In.' In. '
". ".
.12X ~ n. 10.6 3.12 12.00 1.500 .190 55.8 9.3 4. 23
:~ fa .35
.37
.27
.29
. 1Ox~ti 8.4 2.47 10.00 1.500 .170 32.3 6.5 3.61 .33
. 10 xl 6.5 1.91 10.00 1.125 .150 22.1 4.4 3.47 .1 2 .13 .25 .19
-Roll"" by Ca""'lie- lHinoi. Steel Corp .• Inland Sted Co. aoo The Phoeni" Iron Co.-M.
lRoIl"" by Camegie..lUi noiA Steel Corp. and lkthlehem St""'] Co.· M.
Roll"" by Came~linoi' St"",l Corp.· M.
Roll"" by The P iK Iron Co.-B.
RollM by Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.-Jr.
Set! P3KC 10 lor method of designation.
MISCELLANEOUS SHAPES
]
i
J U N IOR C H ANNELS
[
,
AMERICAN STANDARD
I BEAMS
y
·x
Nomln.'
Weigh!
Ar .. Depth
"- _.
WOO
, I S ,
Th ick.
AX I S X-X AXIS Y-V
24:x 7% 120.0
105.9
35.13 24.00 8.048 1.102
30.98 24.00 7.875 1.102
.798
.625
3010.8
2811.5
250.'
234.3
....
'.53
84.'
78.9
211
20.0
1.56
1.60
24 X 7 100.0 29.25 24.00 7.247 .871 .747 2371.8 197.6 9.05 46.4 13.4 1.29
90.0 26.30 24.00 7.124 .871 .624 2230.1 185.8 9.21 45.5 12.8 1.32
79.9 23.33 24.00 7.000 .871 .600 2087.2 173.9 •. 46 42.9 12.2 1.36
20<7 95.0 27.74 20.00 7.200 .916 .600 1599.7 160.0 7.59 60.5 14.0 1.35
85.0 24.60 20.00 7.053 .916 .653 1501.7 150.2 7.78 47.0 13.3 1.38
20 X 6U 75.0
65.4
21.90 20.00 6.391
19.08 20.00 6.250
.789
.789
....
.600
1263.5 126.3
11 69.5 116.9
7.60
7.83
30.1
27.9
..4
8.'
1.17
1.21
18 X 6 70.0
54.7
20." 18.00 6.251 .691
15.94 18.00 6.000 .... .711
.400
917.5
795.5 ....
101.9 6.70
7.07
24.5
21.2
7.8
7.'
'.09
1.15
Hi X 5}1 60.0 14.59 15.00 5.640 .622 .650 481.1 " .2 5.74 16.0 5.7 '.05
42.9 12.49 15.00 5.600 .622 .410 441.8 58.' 5.95 14.6 5.3 '.08
12 X 5}{ SO.O 14.57 12.00 5.477 .65' .687 301.6 60.3 4.55 16.0 5.8 1.05
40.8 1\.84 12.00 5.250 .400 268.' 13.8 5.3 1.08
....
.65' " .8 ' .77
12 X 5 35.0 10.20 12.00 5.079
.... .4,. 227.0 31.8 ' .72 10.0 3.' .99
10 x 4%
3\.8
35.0
•. 26 12.00 5.000
10.22 10.00 '.!M4
' .660
.491 ....
.35Il 215.8
145.8
36.0 ' .83
29.2 3.78
'.5
8.5
3.8
3.4
1.01
.91
8,.
25.4
23.0
18.4
7.38 10.00
6.71
5.34
8.00 4.171
8.00 ' .000
.491
.425
.425
.3\0
.44 1
.270
122.1
".2
56.'
24.4 4.07
16.0
14.2
3.09
3."
...
6.'
3.8
3.0
2. '
•••
.97
.81
.84
7x3% 20.0 5.83 7.00 3.eGO .392 •• SO 41.9 12.0 2.68 3.' '.6 .74
15.3 4.43 7.00 3.660 .392 .260 36.2 10.4 2.86 2.7 1.5 .78
6x3", 17.25 5.02 6.00 3.565 .35' .465 26.0 8.7 2.28 2.3 1.3 .68
6.00 3.330 .35'
....
12.5 3.61 .230 21.8 7.3 2." 1.8 1.1 .72
5" 14.75 ' .29 5.00 3.284 326 15.0 6.0 1.87 1.7 ' .0 .63
10.0 2.87 5.00 3.000 .326 .210 12. 1 ' .8 2.05 '.2 .82 .65
4x 2% '.5 2.76 ' .00 2.796 .293 .326 6.7 3.3 1.56 .91 .65 .58
7.7 2.21 '.00 2.660 .293 .• go 6.0 3.0 1.54 .77 .58 .5'
3x2M 7.5
5.7
2. 17
1.54
3.00 2.609
3.00 2.330
.260
.260
.34'
.'70
2.'
2.5
I..
1.7
1.15
1.23 ... ."
.5'
.40
.52
.53
--!1"-" -t W&b+n~
I
• ,I" AMER I CAN STANDARD
LJ
•
BEAMS
I
-
DiMENSIONS FOR DETAILING
CO.
---
~-
'". -'"-
-
. -'".- '".
~~
'".
~-
'". ...
-- - - - - - -
-- -'"-
. -'"-. -- ... ~-
'",
--
'".
... '"
~- ~~
~- ~-
~-
~~
24 120.0
105.9
8 Hi
7Ji 1% %
3% 20%
3% 20%
3)(
"'"'""
37.( ~ 1%
1% 1
1 ••
24 100.0 7)( Ji % % '" 3)( 20% 1% 3 Ji 1 ••
90,' 7%
79.9 7
Ji
Ji ~ II 3)(
3M l::~
1% 3
1% 3 % Ji
Ji'" 1
1 •
20 95.0 7)(
7
...... ...... '" 3)( 16%
3)( 16%
1% 3)(
1% 3)( ~
'" it 1
1 ••
...' ' ''""
85,'
20
65.' ~~
75.0 % 2Ji 16 ~
2Ji 16 M ,''
3
3
%
~ II 3%
3%
18 70.0 6)(
% % ~
% )(
% ... 2h '5 ~ '''
1% 2~
II,
h 3%
54,7 6
5% %
2% 15)(
2% 12.!1
1% 2h 1M
1)( 2 ~ %
%
% '" Ji
%
3%
3%
~
15
''"" '" '''%"'
50,'
42.9 5% % 2% 12% 1)( 2U 1M % 3%
12 50,0 5%
40,8 5U % % % 2% 9%
2% 9% ,'' 2~
2h
''"" % 3
3
12 35.0 5%
% % )(
)( 2% 9U 'h ''' 2%
%
% 3
3 1.8 5
5
%
%
''"" '" '" 2% 9U 1h
2% 8 1
2%
2%
'%" II%
Ji % 3
.
2U
'% ~
~i
" ''"" ''""
35.0
25.4 2% 8 1 2% )( % % 2%
8 23.0 4% 1h 6)( h 2)( % 2 ~i
''""
)(
18.4 4 % ''"" '" 1h 6.11 h 214 'Ii % 2)(
7 20.' 3h
15.3
%
3% % )( %
17.25 3%
)(
'"
1% 5% "ii
l U 5% ... 2
2
2
'"
'Ii II %
%
2)(
2)4'
2
6 % )( 1% 4% % %
12.5 3% )( % II 1% 4% % 2
''"" i,!
5 14.75 3Ji '1, % 1% 3% ,!<o 2 %
'~
''"" ''""
)(
3 Ji !i 1% 3% % 2 % 1',
''""
10.0
4 2U 2 % 1%
9'
7,7 2% 1M
1M
~ '~
p. 22~, %%
2 ~ '"
3 7.5 2% )( % ." '" 1% 1%
~ Ji
'Ji" % 1%
5.7 2% )( %
'"
Gage g,.il baled ~ k + l~·'. to lIenr"!! )i".
1% 1Ji
..
''"" . ....
% 1%
Gage II" IS permisslhle near end. of beam; el,;cwbere SpecirlCation m:ly requIre reducllOrt ,n nvet .,u,
AMERICAN STANDARD P
[ CHANNELS
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING
x-
~
-x
i-
f=>
Flang.e AXIS X·X AX IS V-V
W eight WOO
Nominal
Size tc:, A••• Depth "_age Thick_
, , ,
Width Th>ck·
'H' I S I S
.~
411 H i 7.25 2.12 ' .00 1.720 .296 .320 '.5 2.3 1.47 .35 .46 .46
5.' 1.56 '.00 1.580 .296 .180 3.8 1.9 1.56 .29 .45 .46
3l11 ~ M 1.75 3.00 1.596 .273 .356 2.1 1.4 1.08 .31 .27 .42 .46
5.0 1.46 3.00 1.496 .273 .258 1.8 1.2 1.12 .25 .24 .41 .44
'.1 1.19 3.00 1.410 .273 .170 1.6 1.1 1.17 .20 .21 .41 .44
o ...... b+fl
l -- -
"It
AMERICAN STANDARD
, , ,
CHANNELS
[
-r ' -f'"
-~-
I - I'
DIMENSIONS FOR DETAILING
,~,
..
Flange WOO C;.tance
We ight M J ~. Ul ua.
""'" f:t Mo.n Half Ori~ Flangfl Oage
"A' - - - - -•- - - - - -- - - - - - - --
Section W idth Th ic k_ Tl>lck_ Thic k_
T k g• 0 Rivel g
u n
-- ... - - -- --
- CO.
- - - -'".- -- . -...- --
'". -'"- '". --
nesl
. -,.- --
'". -'".- -'".- -'"-
'". -- '".
." ".0 ' )( % % % 3» 15~
15
1,"
1,"
2)(
2)(
)(
%
% 1
1
2;'
2;'
~
3»
'" %
51.9 '% %
'- 45.8
42.7 •• % ~
)(
)(
3»
3;'
15%
15% : ~ 2U
2)(
'"
;,
%
%
1
1
2»
2;'
2)( 1 2)(
:~
3
~~ 'tr;,
15 SO.O % )( 12% %
';," H
40.0 % 3 12~ 2U % 1 2
2)( 1 2
33.9 3% % JI. 3 12%
'': ~' %
12 30.0
25.0
20.7
3%
3
3
;,
;,
;, ..
%
)(
~
2%
2%
2%
9%
9;"
9;" 1\10
2;'
2;'
2;' ''""
%
;,
~
l:j
~
1)(
1)(
lU
10 30.0
25.0
20.0
3
2%
2U
JIo
JIo ..it
%
it
2j,
2%
2%
8;"
8%
8%
'," 2.!1;
'," 2;'
% 2;'
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%
JIo
JIo
JIo
~
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)(
)(
1)(
1)(
1»
15.3 2%
JIo
JIo '"
% 2% 8% % 2;'
'"
)( 1;'
9 20.0
15.0
13.4
2%
2;'
2%
JIo
JIo
JIo
JIo
~
)(
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%
2.14'
2.11
2)(
77~•
7)(
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%
%
2;'
2»
2;' .
;,
%
JIo
JIo
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1;'
1%
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8 18.75
13.75
11.5
2»
2%
2)(
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%
%
;,
~ ~
2
2
2
6%
6%
6%
:It 2)(
2)(
'," 2j{ ..'"
% ~
%
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I
1»
1%
1%
1j{
% 2
~ ~
7 14.75 2j{ % JIo j{ 1% '% %
l. 1;" % 2 % 1j{
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12.25 2)( % '%
'," 2 1j{
9.8 2% % % 1% 5%
'~" % %
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6 13.0
10.5
2%
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j{
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2
2
2 "
%
%
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8.2 1;" 1)( .» )( %
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3% % 2 » 1%
5 9.0
6.7
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1» 3% 'JIo 2
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• 7.25
5.4
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1% ." ~ '"
%
1%
1% 2~•
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2
2
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»
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1
1
3 6.0
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4.1
1%
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j{
j{
j{ .%
)(
J
ANGLES
" i
L EQU AL LEGS
PRO PERT IES FOR DESI G N ING
'- ~ -''-'
,I ':, i
'00'
Area
I S , X or y ,
'0. '0. CO. In.- In.' 'n,' '0 . '0. '0.
8,8 1;; 56.9 16.73 98.• 17.5 2.42 2.41 1.56
1 51.0 15.00 89.0 15.8 2.44 2.37 1.56
Yo 45.0 13.23 79.6 14.0 2.45 2.32 1.57
ji "'.9 11,44 69.7 12.2 2.47 2.28 1.57
Yo 32.7 9.61 59.4 10.3 2.49 2.23 1.58
8.68 54.1 9.3 2.50 2.21 1.58
'"
29.6
!1 26.4 7.75 48.6 8.4 2.50 2.19 1.59
'"
22.1
!1 19.6 5.75 19.9 4.6 1.66 1.68 1.18
..'"
17.2 5.06 17.7 4.1 1.87 1.66 1.19
Yo 14.9 4.36 15.4 3.5 1.88 1.64 1.19
12.5 3.66 13.0 3.• 1.89 1.61 1.19
'I""
14.3 10.0
Yo 12.3 3.61 8.7 2.4 1.56 1.39 .99
10.3 3.03 7.4 2 .• 1.57 1.37 .99
..'"
11.3 3.31 5.• 1.8 1.23 1.16 .78
Yo 9.8 2.86 4.4 1.5 1.23 1.14 .79
8.2 2.40 3.7 1.3 1.24 1.12 .79
l1 6.6 1.94 3 .• 1.< 1.25 1.09 .80
..r ANGLES
I
N<:-·-T'
y z
EQUAL LEGS
~'~'-'-'--1--7'---1
~ ~ ~ W ~ W •• ~ ~
"2 4.7
3.92
1.36
1.15
.48
.42
.35
.30
.59
.60 .61
.39
.39
3.19 .94 .35 .25 .61 .59 .39
2.44 .71 .27 .19 .62 .57 .39
1.65 .48 .19 .13 .63 .55 .40
1~ l(1~ 2.77 .81 .23 .19 .53 .53 .34
2.12 .62 .18 .14 .54 .51 .34
1.44 .42 .13 .10 .55 .48 .35
2.34 .69 .14 .13 .4, .47 .29
1.80 .53 .11 .10 .46 .44 .29
1.23 .36 .08 .07 .47 .42 .30
%\
r1
ANGLES I
L UNEQUAL LEGS
9,4 1 40.8 12.00 97.0 17.6 2.84 3.50 12.0 '.0 1.00 1.00 .83 .203
)j 36.1 10.61 86.8 15.7 2.86 3,45 10.8 3.6 1,01 .95 .84 .208
~ 31.3 9.19 76.1 13.6 2.88 3.41 9.6 3.1 1.02 .91 .84 .212
li 26.3 7.73 64.9 11.5 2.90 3.36 8.3 2.6 1.04 .86 .85 .216
7.00 59.1 lOA 2.91 3.33 7.6 2A 1.04 .83 .85 .218
'"
H
23.8
21.3 6.25 53.2 9.3 2.92 3.31 6.9 2.2 1.05 .81 .85 .220
8,6 1 44.2 13.00 80.8 15.1 2.49 2.65 38.8 8.9 1.73 1.65 1.28 .543
)j 39.1 t 1.48 12.3 13.4 2.51 2.61 34.9 7.9 1.74 1.61 1.28 .547
U 33.8 9.94 63A 11.7 2.53 2.56 30.7 6.9 1.76 1.56 1.29 .551
li 28.5 8.36 54.1 9.9 2.54 2.52 26.3 5.9 1.77 1.52 1.29 .554
49.3 9.0 2.55 2.50 24.0 5.3 1.78 1 .50 1.30 .556
'" H
25.7
23.0
20.2
7.56
6.75 44.3
39.2
8.0
7.1
2.56
2.57
2.47
2.45
21.7
19.3
4.8 1.79 1.47
1.80 1,45
1.30
1.31
.558
.560
'"
5.93 '.2
". 1
)j
37.4
33.1
11.00 69.6
9.73 62.5
14.1
12.5
2.52
2.53
3.05
3.00
11.6
10.5
3.'
3.5
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.00
.85
.85
.247
.253
~ 28.7 8.44 54.9 10.9 2.55 2.95 9A 3.1 1.05 .95 .85 .258
li 24.2 7.11 46.9 9.2 2.57 2.91 8.1 2.6 1.07 .91 .86 .262
8.4 2.58 2.88 7A 2A 1.07 .88 .86 .265
'" H
21.9
19.6
6.43
5.75
5.06
42.8
38.5
34.1
7.5
6.6
2.59
2.60
2.86
2.83
6.7
6.0
2.2
1.9
1.08
1.09
.86
.83
.86
.87
.267
.269
'"
17.2
)j 30.2 8.86 42.9 9.7 2.20 2.55 10.2 3.5 1.07 1.05 .86 .318
7"
~ 26.2 7.69 37.8 8A 2.22 2.51 9.1 3.0 1.09 1.01 .86 .324
% 22.1 6.48 32.4 7.1 2.24 2.46 7.8 2.6 1.10 .96 .86 .329
5.87 29.6 6.5 2.44 7.2 2A 1.11 .94 .87 .332
'"
20.0 2.24
M 17.9 5.25 26.7 5.8 2.25 2.42 6.5 2.1 1.11 .92 .87 .335
1.9 1.12 .89 .88 .337
"'% 15.8
13.6
4.62 23.7
3.98 20.6
5.1
4A
2.26
2.27
2.39
2.37
5.8
5.1 1.6 1.13 .87 .88 .339
V
n
%\
I ANGLES
x- t1\ - -----r x
- -'-
UNEQUAL LEGS
, , I S , , , Tan a
Weight
Thlck- Are.
SilO
f:t I S
-- --;;;- -- ---- --
'". '". ~
--
- '".
Lb. In.' In.' In.'
'". --'-- In.' In,'
6, 4 Ji 27.2 7.98 27.7 7.2 1.86 2.12 9.8 3.4 1.11 1.12 .86 .421
li 23.6 6.94 24.5 6.3 1.88 2.08 8.7 3.0 1.12 1.08 .86 .428
li 20.0 5.86 21.1 5.3 1.90 2.03 7.5 2.5 1.13 1.03 .86 .435
'"
18.1 5.31 19.3 4.8 1.90 2.01 6.9 2.3 1.14 1.01 .87 .438
Ji 16.2 4.75 17.4 4.3 1.91 1.99 6.3 2.1 1.15 .99 .87 .440
.."'
14.3 4.18 15.5 3.8 1.92 1.96 5.6 1.9 1.16 .96 .87 .<43
li 12.3 3.61 13.5 3.3 1.93 1.94 4.9 1.6 1,17 .94 .88 .446
10.3 3.03 11.4 2.8 1.94 1.92 4.2 1.4 1.17 .92 .88 .449
6 x3.J.ol )<l 15.3 4.50 16.6 4.2 1.92 2.08 4.3 1.6 .97 .83 .76 .3<4
li 11.7 3.42 12.9 3.2 1.94 2.M 3.3 1.2 .99 .79 .n .350
~ la 9.8 2.87 10.9 2.7 1.95 2.01 2.9 1.0 1.00 .76 .77 .352
)( 7.9 2.31 8.9 2.2 1.96 1.99 2.3 0.85 1.01 .74 .78 .355
5 Jt 3J.i li 19.8 5.81 13.9 4.3 1.55 1.75 5.6 2.2 .98 1.00 .7' .464
li 16.8 4.92 12.0 3.7 1.56 1.70 4.8 1.9 .99 .95 .75 .472
)<l 13.6 4.00 ,0.0 3.0 1.58 1.66 4.1 1.6 1.01 .91 .75 .479
12.0
..'"
3.53 8.9 2.6 1.59 1.63 3.6 1.4 1.01 .88 .76 .482
li 10.4 3.05 7.8 2.3 1.60 1.61 3.2 1.2 1.02 .86 .76 .486
8.7 2.56 6.6 1.9 1.61 1.59 2.7 1.0 1.03 .84 .76 .489
)( 7.0 2.06 5.4 1.6 1.61 1.56 2.2 .83 I.M .81 .76 .492
5, 3
..
)<l
li
12.8
11.3
9.8
3.75
3.31
2.86
9.'
8.4
7.4
2.9
2.6
2.2
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.75
1.73
1.70
2.6
2.3
2.0
1.1
1.0
.89
.83
.84
.84
.75
.73
.70
.65
.65
.65
.357
.361
.364
'"
8.2 2.40 6.3 1.9 1.61 1.68 1.8 .75 .85 .68 .66 .368
li 6.6 1.94 5.1 I.. 1.62 1.66 1.4 .61 .86 .66 .66 .371
n
Y
ANGLES \ I
L UNEQUAL LEGS
f\
y %
Si •• _.
Tllick_
Weight
f:t ~ . I
AXIS X-X
S , , I
AXIS V-V
S , ,
AXIS 2-2
, l ana
- - - - - - - co.
- - -In.'- -In.- -In.'- - - - - -In.'- - - - -I- --
'0.
--
'0. '0. '0. ~ ~ '0. '0.
'
4x3 ~ % 14.7 4.30 6.4 2A 1.22 1.29 4.' 1.' 1.03 1.04 .72 .745
H 11.9 3.;0 '.3 1.9 1.23 1.25 3.' 1.5 1.04 1.00 .72 .,;0
10.6 1.7 1.24 3A lA 1.05 .98 .72 .753
'"
3.09 4.' 1.23
% 9.1 2.67 4.2 1.5 1.25 1.21 3.0 1.2 Ul6 .96 .73 .755
l1i 7.7 2.25 3.6 1.3 1.26 1.18 2.6 1.0 1.07 .93 .73 .757
6.2 1.61 2.9 1.0 1.27 1.16 2.1 .81 1.07 .91 .73 .759
"
4>3 % 13.6 3.98 6.0 2.3 1.23 1.37 2.9 1.4 .85 .87 .64 .534
H 11.1 3.25 5.1 1.9 1.25 1.33 2A 1.1 86 .83 .64 .543
1.7 1.25 1.30 2.2 1.0 .87 .80 .64 .547
3J.i X 3 H 10.2 3.00 3.5 1.5 1.07 1.13 2.3 1.1 .88 .88 .62 .714
1.3 1.08 2.1 .98 .•9 .85 .62 .718
'"
9.1 2.65 3.1 1.10
% 7.9 2.30 2.7 1.1 1.09 1.08 1.9 .85 .90 .83 .62 .721
l1i 6.6 1.93 2.3 .95 1.10 Ul6 1.6 .72 .90 .81 .63 .724
J{ 5A 1.56 1.9 .78 1.11 1.04 1.3 .59 .91 .79 .63 .727
3Mx2~ H 9A 2.75 3.2 1.4 1.09 1.20 lA .76 .70 .70 .53 .486
1.3 1.09 1.2 .68 .71 .68 .54 .491
'" '.3 2.43 2.9 1.18
% 7.2 2.11 2.6 1.1 1.10 1.16 1.1 .59 .72 .66 .54 A96
l1i 6.1 1.78 2.2 .93 1.11 1,14 .94 .;0 .73 .64 .54 .;01
J{ 4.9 1.44
I.' ." 1.12 1.11 .78 .41 .74 .61 .54 .506
..
n
Z\
I· ANGLES
x- \' ---.-x
,
-~
UNEQUAL LEGS
-.
){
5.6
4.5
1.62
1.31
1..
1.2
.69
.56
.94
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.93 .90
.91 .74
.49
.40
.74
.75
.58
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. 53 ....
.680
3,2
1,
li 7.7
6.8
2.25
2.00
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1.7
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1.08
1.06
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.55
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I. 2.75 .81 .51 .29 .79 .76 .29 .20 .60 .51 .43 .631
2'\1x,1 !2 li ' .7 1.36 .82 .52 .78 .92 .22 .20 .4• .42 .32 .340
'"
f.
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.357
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IiO
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2.12
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.37
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li 1.23 .36 .11 .09 .56 .56 .05 .., .37 .31 .27 .506
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees are obtained by splitting the webs of various beams, generally
with the aid of rotary shears, and then restraightening to established tolerances.
The following tolerances, over or under, apply to the depth of the Tee (which is
approximately ,!A2 of the beam depth).
The above tolerances [or depth of Tees include the allowable tolerances in depth
for the beams before splitting. Tolerances for dimensions as set up for the beams from
which the Tees are cut, will apply.
length in feet
Straightness- ~"X ::::,;::,:::7":::
5 feet
For the sake of economy, these Split Beam Tees should be ordered in pairs.
Detail dimensions will be the same as those of the beams (rom which the Tees are
split. Hence the beam property tables, and detailing dimension tables may be used 90
far as they may be applicable to Tees.
STRUCTURAL TEES
'--
' ~.lx CUT FROM '!oF BEAMS
x- -
I DIMENSIONS AND
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING
T
Flano- AX IS X·X
Section
Welghl
~"
00'
Area .,
Do," Stem
A_·OO Th;ck_
AXIS V-V
"M' I T hick_
r
-LO.- - - -'"- - - "N' -- I~ - - - - - - - -IIn:I - -
Number
W idth S y I S r
In.-
'". - - - - -'"-
- - -'".- -'".- -'".- -- '". - - - - --
. -- '".In ,' In.-
ST1 SW 150 44.09 18.36 16.655 1.580 .945 1222.7 85.' 5.27 4.13 612.6 73.6 3.73
140 41.16 18 .25 16.595 1.570 .885 1133.3 79.9 5.25 4.07 563.7 67.9 3.70
130 38.28 18.12 16.555 1.440 .845 1059.2 75.4 5.26 4.07 510. 3 61.6 3."
122.5 36.01 18.03 16.512 1.350 .802 994.3 71.1 5.25 4.04 472.3 57.2 3.62
115 33.86 17.94 16.475 1.260 .765 935.8 67.2 5.26 4.02 435.5 52.9 3.59
ST18W 97 28." 18.24 12.117 1.260 .770 904.0 67.3 5.63 4.81 177.7 29.3 2.49
91 26.77 18.16 12.072 , .180 .725 844.0 63.0 5.61 4.77 163.9 27.1 2.47
85
80
24.99 18.08 12.027 1.100
23.54 18.00 12.000 1.020
.""
.653
784.7
741.0
58.8
56.0
5.60 4.74 150.3 25.0
5.61 4.76 137.7 22.'
2.45
2.42
75 22.08 17.92 11.972 .940 .625 696.7 53.0 5.62 4.79 125.2 2<).' 2.38
ST1 6W 120 35.26 16.75 15.865 1.400 .830 822.5 63.2 4.83 3.73 437.2 55.' 3.52
110 32.36 16.63 15.810 1.275 .775 754.1 58.4 4.83 3.71 391.2 49.5 3.48
100 29.40 16.50 15.750 1.150 .715 683.6 53.3 4.82 3.67 345.8 43.9 3.43
ST 16 I/IF 76 22.35 16.75 11.565 1.065 .635 591.9 47.4 5.15 4.26 128. 1 22.1 2.39
70.5 20.76 16.66 11.535 .960 .603 551.8 44.7 5.16 4.30 114.9 19.9 2.35
19.13 16.55 11.510 .855 .560
ST 151/1F
"
105 30.89 15.19 15.105 1.315 .775
513.0 42.1 5.18 4.37 100.7 17.5 2.29
ST 13 I/IF 88.5 26.05 13.66 14.090 1.190 .725 391.8 36.7 3.88 2.97 259.4 36.8 3.16
80 23.72 13.54 14.023 1.075 .658 351.4 33.1 3.87 2.91 229.0 32.7 3.12
72.5 21.34 13.44 13.965 .975 .600 316.3 29.' 3.85 2.85 203.5 29.1 3.09
ST13W 57 16.77 13.64 10.070 .932 .570 288.' 28.3 4.15 3.42 74. 8 14.9 2.11
51 15.01 13.53 10.018 .827 .518 257.7 25.4 4.14 3.39 64.8 12.9 2.08
47 13.83 13.45 '.990 .747 .490 238.5 23.7 4.15 3.41 57.5 11.5 2.04
STRUCTURAL TEES
CUT FROM 'IF BEAMS
'- ,-----'1,x
r'-'
T
x- -
DIMENSIONS AND I
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING
, ,
AXIS V- V
,
- --
gel Thi<:k_
.... '00
N umbet
~"
~,
Area
"
TN Width Th ick - "e.. I S I S
--
- - -tn,"- - - - - -,.- -In.'-
'". '". I~ '".
In.'
l~ I~ '". '". In,'
ST 12 VoF 80 23.54 12.36 14.091 1.135 .656 271. 621.6 3.40 2.51 246. 335.0 3.23
.608 24£. 225.2 3.40 2.48 2 17. t 30.9 3. 19
72. S 21.31 12.24 14.043 1.020
.565 222." 23. 1 3.41 2.47 187.626.8 3.13
65 19.11 12.13 14.000 .900
ST 12 'W' 60 17.64 12.16 12.088 .930 .556 213.6 22.' 3.48 2.62 127.021.0 2.68
55 16.18 12.08 12.042 .855 .510 195.2 20.' 3.47 2.57 11 4 .519.0 2.66
50 14. 71 12.00 12.000 .n5 A68 176.7 18.7 3.46 2.54 101 .817.0 2.63
ST1 2 V'F 47 13.81 12.15 9.061 .872 .516 185.9 20.3 3.67 2.99 ,'- 111.3 1.92
9.015 .m .470 165.9 18.3 3.66 2.97 44.2 9.6 1.89
.2 12.35 12.04
6.965 .682 A.O 151.1 16.9 3.68 3.00 36.3 6.' 1.85
36 11.18 11.95
ST1 0W 71 20.66 10.73 13.132 1.095 .659 177.3 20.6 2.91 2.18 193.029.4 3.04
63.5 18.67 10.62 13.061 .965 .566 155.8 lB.3 2.89 2.11 169.3 25.9 3.01
.527 136.4 16.2 2.66 2.06 144.8 22.3 2.96
56 16.47 10.50 13.000 .665
9.038 .935 .575 137.1 17.1 3.11 2.55 54. 712.1 1.97
ST10 W 46 14.11 10.57
A99 115.4 14.5 3.09 2.48 44.6 10.0 1.93
41 12.05 10.43 8.962 .79'
8.295 .740 .455 110.2 13.7 3.21 2.60 33.1 7.98 1.76
ST IO W 36.' 10.73 10.62
10.01 10.57 8.270 .685 .430 102.8 12.9 3.20 2.59 30.2 7.30 1.74
34
31 9.1 2 10.49 8.240 .615 .400 93.7 11.9 3.21 2.59 26." 6.45 1.71
2.47 1.65 127.8 21.6 2.76
ST 9 W'
" 16.n
52.5 15.43
9.24 11.833
9.1 6 11.792
.991
.911 .,,.
.595 102.6 13.9
93.9 12.8 2.47 1.82 115.5 19.6 2.73
2.71
48 14.11 9.06 11.750 .631 .512 85.3 11.7 2.46 1.78 103. 17.6
7.558 .695 .416 64.6 9.32 2.71 2.17 23.5 6.23 1.63
ST 9 W' 30 8.82 9.12
21.0 5.57 1.61
.390 59.6 6.63 2.71 2.16
27.' 6.09 9.06 7.532 .630
53.9 7.65 2.71 2.14 18.6 ' .96 1.59
2' 7.35 9.00 7.500 .570 .356
ST 6 W' 48 14.11 8.16 11 .533 .875 .53' 64.7 9.82 2. 14 1.57 103.6 18.0 2.71
44 12.94 6.06 11 .502 .79' .504 59.5 9.11 2. 14 1.55 92.6 16.1 2.67
STRUCTURAL TEES
~L
L--
T
C U T F R OM VF B EAM S
x---
i D IM EN SI O N S A ND
y
PROPERTIES FOR D ES IGN I N G
ST 8 V'F 25 7.35 8.13 7.073 .628 .380 42.2 6.77 2.40 1.89 17,4 4.92 1.54
22.5 6.62 •.06 7.039 .563 .346 37.8 6.10 2.39 1.87 15.2 4.33 1.52
20 5.88 •.00 7.000 .503 .307 33.2 5.37 2.37 1.82 13.3 3.79 1.50
1. 5.30 7.93 6.992 .428 .299 30.7 5.10 2. 41 1.90 11.1 3.17 1.45
ST 7 V'F 105.5 31.04 7.88 15.800 1.563 .980 102.2 16.2 1.81 1.57 514.3 65.1 4.07
101 29.70 7.82 15.750 1.503 .930 95.7 15.2 1.80 1.53 489•• 62.2 4.06
96.5 28.36 7.75 15.710 1.438 .•90 90.1 14.4 1.78 1.49 465.1 59.2 4.05
92 27.04 7.69 15.660 1.378 .840 83.9 13.4 1.76 1.45 441.4 56.4 4.04
88 25.87 7.63 15.640 1.313 .820 80.2 12.9 1.76 1.42 418.9 53.6 4.02
83.5 24.55 7.56 15.600 1.248 .780 75.0 12.1 1.75 1.39 395.1 50.7 4.01
79 23.24 7.50 15.550 1.188 .730 69.3 11.3 1.73 1.34 372.5 47.9 4.00
75 22.04 7.44 15.515 1.128 .695 64.' 10.6 1.72 1.31 351.3 45.3 3.99
71 20.92 7.38 15.500 1.063 .680 62.1 10.2 1.72 1.29 330.1 42.6 3.97
5T 7 W" 68 19.99 7.38 14.740 1.063 .660 60.0 9.89 1.73 1.31 283.9 38.5 3.n
63.5 16.67 7.31 14.690 .996 .610 54.7 9.04 1.71 1.26 263.• 35.9 3.76
59.5 17.49 7.25 14.650 .938 .570 50.4 •. 36 1.70 1.22 245.9 33.6 3.75
55.5 16.33 7.19 14.620 .873 .5'10 46.7 7.80 1.69 1.19 227.4 31.1 3.73
5 1.5 15.13 7.13 14.575 .81 3 .495 42.4 7.10 1.67 1.15 209.9 28.• 3.72
47.5 13.97 7.06 14.545 .748 .465 39.1 6.58 1.67 1.12 191 .9 26.4 3.71
<43.5 12.78 7.00 14.5 .688 .420 34.9 5.88 1.65 1.08 174.8 24.1 3.70
5T 7 W" 42 12.36 7.09 12.023 .nB .451 37.4 6.36 1.74 1.21 112.7 18.8 3.02
39 11.47 7.03 12.000 .718 .428 34.8 5.96 1.74 1.19 103.5 17.2 3.00
5T7 W" 37 10.88 7.10 10.072 .783 .450 36.1 6.26 1.82 1.32 66.7 13.3 2.48
34 10.00 7.03 10.040 .718 .41 8 33.0 5.74 1.81 1.29 60.6 12.1 2.46
30.5 8.97 6.96 10.000 .643 .378 29.2 5.13 1.80 1.25 53.6 10.7 2.45
5T 7W 26.5 7.79 6.97 8.062 .658 .370 27.7 4.95 1.88 1.38 28.• 7.1<4 1.92
24 7.06 6.91 8.031 .593 .339 24.9 4.49 1.88 1.35 25.6 6.38 1.91
21.5 6.32 6.84 •.000 .528 .308 22.2 4.02 1.87 1.33 22.6 5.64 1.69
STRUCTURAL TEES
'-
x-- ~lx
T CUT FROM W
DIMENSIONS AND
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING
BEAMS
.- .-
Flange AXIS X-X AXIS V-V
,,,. "'''''
Weight So.
, S , , I S ,
AWl • • Thick_
S6etlon f:t "
'" Thick.
Width
- - -,..-
N"mbtr
----u;:- - -
In.'
-,..- ,.. I,-
10. .. -- In.' In.' In,' 10. 10. In.'
-- - - -- - - -- -- - --- -- -- -- -- --
ST 7 VoF 19 5.59 7.06 6.776 .513 .313 23.5 4.27 2.05 1.56 12.3 3.64 1.49
17 5.00 7.00 6.750 .453 .287 21.1 3.86 2.05 ' .55 10.6 3.15 1.46
1
15 4.41 6.93 6.733 .383 .270 19.0 3.55 2.08 1.59 8.77 2.61 1.41
ST 6 VoF 80.5 23.69 6.84 12.515 1.486 .905 62.6 11.5 1.63 1.47 243.1 38.9 3.20
66.5 19.56 6.69 12.365 1.236 .755 48.4 9.03 1.57 1.33 195.0 31.5 3.16
60 17.65 6.56 12.320 1.106 .710 43.4 8.22 1.57 1.28 172.5 28.0 3.13
53 15.59 6.44 12.230 .986 .620 36.7 7.01 1.53 1.20 150.4 24.6 3.1 1
49.5 14.54 6.38 12.190 .921 .580 33.7 6.46 1.52 1.16 139.1 22.8 3.09
46 13.53 6.31 12.155 .866 .545 31.0 5.98 1.51 1.13 128.2 21.1 3.08
42.5 12.49 6.25 12.105 .796 .495 27.8 5.38 1.49 1.08 117.1 19.5 3.07
39.5 11.61 6.19 12.080 .736 .470 25.8 5.02 1.48 1.06 108.2 17.9 3.05
36 10.58 6.13 12.040 .671 .430 23.1 4.53 1.48 1.02 97.6 16.2 3.0.
32.5 9.55 6.06 12.000 .606 .390 20.6 4.06 1.47 .98 87.3 14.6 3.02
ST 6W 29 8.53 6.10 10.014 .641 .359 19.0 3.75 1.49 1.03 53.7 10.7 2.51
26.5 7.80 6.03 10.000 .576 .345 17.7 3.54 1.51 1.02 48.0 9.S< 2.48
ST 6W 25 7.36 6.10 8.077 .641 .371 18.7 3.80 1.60 1.17 28.2 6.98 1.96
22.5 6.62 6.03 8.042 .576 .336 16.6 3.40 1.59 t .13 25.0 6.20 1.84
20 5.89 5.97 8.000 .516 .284 14.4 2.84 1.56 1.08 22.• 5.50 1.94
ST6W 18 5.29 6.12 6.565 .540 .305 15.3 3.14 1.70 1.26 11.9 3.62 1.50
15.5 4.56 6.0. 6.525 .465 .265 13.0 2.69 1.69 1.22 9.9 3.0. 1.47
13.5 3.98 5.98 6.500 .400 .240 t 1.<1 2.39 1.69 1.21 8.3 2.55 1.44
ST6W 7 2.07 5.96 3.970 .22' .200 7.66 1.83 1.92 1.76 1.13 .57 .74
T STRUCTURAL TEES
c...--, · ~ L
x--
!
y
CUT FROM W' BEAMS
DIMENSIONS AND
ST5W 22.5 6.62 5.06 8.022 .618 .350 10.3 2.48 1.25 .91 26.6 6.63 2.00
19.5 5 .74 4.97 7.990 .528 .318 8.96 2.19 1.25 .88 22.5 5.6 1.98
16.5 4.85 4.88 7.964 .433 .292 7.80 1.95 1.27 .88 18.2 4.58 1.94
ST5W 14.5 4.27 5. 11 5.799 .600 .289 8.38 2.07 lA. 1.05 7.61 2.62 1.34
12.5 3.67 5.04 5.762 A30 .252 7.12 1.77 1.39 1.02 6.34 2.20 1.31
10.5 3.10 4. 95 5.750 .340 .240 6.31 1.62 1.43 1.(J6 4.87 1.6 1.25
ST4 W" 33.5 9.85 4.50 8.287 .933 .575 10.94 3.07 1.05 .94 44.3 10.7 2.12
29 8.53 4.38 8.222 .808 .510 9 .1 1 2.60 1.03 .87 37.5 9.10 2.10
24 7.06 4.25 8.117 .683 A05 6.92 2.00 .99 .78 30.45 7.50 2.08
20 5.88 4.13 8.0n .558 .365 5.80 1.71 .99 .74 24.5 6.05 2.04
17.5 5.15 4.06 8.027 A93 .315 4.88 1.45 .97 .69 21.2< 5.30 2.03
15.5 4.56 4.00 8.000 A33 .288 4.31 1.30 .97 .67 18.5 4.60 2.01
ST 4 YF 14 4 .11 4.03 6.540 .463 .285 4.22 1.28 1.01 .73 10.8 3.30 1.62
12 3.53 3.97 6.600 .398 .245 3.53 1.08 1.00 .7. 9.10 2.80 1.61
ST 4 \/IF 1. 2.94 4.07 5.268 .378 .248 3.66 1.1 3 1.12 .63 4.25 1.61 1.20
8.5 2.50 4.00 5.250 .308 .230 3.21 1.01 1.13 .84 3.36 1.28 1.16
STRUCTURAL TEES T
'----., .r-:'l,x
T CUT FROM STANDARD BEAMS x
DIMENSIONS
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING
AND i
y
..... Wll9ht
., ".... -
"". ,,~
"XIS X·X
, ,
AXIS y.y
,
,.. . -
w k .. A_~ ~ nllCk •
I
.
,~,
T" Wldl" Th ICk_ 1 S 1 S
"-'" ,.. ,•. ,.. ,.. ,..
'" ,.' In.' In,' In.' '
ST6 t 25 7.29 6.00 S.4n .660 .687 25.2 6.05 1.85 1.8< 7.85 2.87 1.03
20,4 5.92 6.00 5.250 .660 .460 18.8 4." 1.77 1.57 6.17 2." 1.06
ST6 t 17.5 5.1 0 6.00 5.Q78 .544 .428 17.2 3.95 1.83 1.65 4.93 1.94 .98
15.9 4.63 6.00 5.000 .544 .350 14.9 3.31 1.78 1.51 4.68 1.87 1.00
ST 5 1
ST 4 1
17.5
12.7
'1.5
5.1 1
3.69
3.36
5.00
5.00
4.00
4._
4.660
4.171
.491
.491
.425
"'I
.310
.441
12.5 3.63 1.56 1.56 4.18 t .69
7.81 2." 1.45 1.20 3.39 1.46
.SO
9.2 2.67 4.00 4.000 .425 .27. 3.SO 1,14 1.1-4 .94 1.86 .93 .83
ST 3.5 1 I.
7.65
2.92
2.22
3.SO
3.SO
3.'"
3.660
.392
.392
.4SO
.2SO
3.36 1.36 1.07 1.04 1.58
2.1 .81 .99 .81 1.32
.82
.]2
.73
.77
ST 3 1 8.62 2.51 3.00 3.565 .35' .46S 2.1 3 1.02 .92 .91 1.15 .65 .67
6.25 1.8 1 3.00 3.330 .359 .230 1.27 .55 .83 .59 .93 .56 .71
!
.
BEAMS
DIMENSIONS AND
T
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING
".-
'"""'
Weight
r." ......•
NN
""~
•
T_ ,--
Flangt
--
WIdth
----
Thklo:-
s,,'"
Thick·
I
AXIS X ·X
~'
, I
AX I S V-V
S ,
". In.>
'". In. In.
'". In.' In.' I n.
'" In.' In.1
'".
M ISCELLANEOUS
5T6 B 11.00 3.24 6.16 4.030 .424 ,260 11 .7 2,,. 1.90 1.63 2.27 1.1 3 .84
9.5 2.81 0,08 4.010 ,349 ,240 10.2 2.32 1.91 1.67 1.84 .92 .81
8,25 2.43 0.00 ',000 ,269 .230 9.02 2.13 1.93 1.76 1.39 ,7. .76
ST 5 B 9.5 2.80 5.13 4.020 ,394 .250 6.70 1.74 1.55 1.28 2.09 1.04 ,.0
•.5 2.49 5.06 4.010 .329 .240 6.07 1.62 1,56 1.32 1.73 .•0 .•3
7,5 2,20 5,00 ',000 .26' .230 5,46 1.50 1.57 1.37 1.39 .7. .80
ST 5 B 5.75 1.69 4,94 3.950 ,204 ,180 4.1 5 1.1 6 1.5'7 1.35 1.00
," ,77
ST 4 B 7.50
0.50
2.22
1.91
4.06
4.00
4.015
4,000
.314
.25<
.245
.230
3,29
2.90 ...
1.07 1.22 1.00 1.65
1.23 1,03 1.31 ...
.•2 ,86
.83
ST 4 B 5.00 1.4. 3.95 3,940 ,204 .170 2. 15 .72 1.21 ,96 1.00
," ,82
ST 3 B .,00 2.36 3.13 '.030 .40< ,260 1." ,68 .84 .67 2.16 1.07 ,96
0,00 1.77 3.00 '.000 .279 .230 1.30 ,56 .80 ,67 1." .72 .90
ST 3 B 4.25 1.25 2.92 3.940 .194 .170 ,90 .4. ,85 ,S< ,94 .48 .87
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ST 6 Jr. 5.90 1.72 0.00 3.06 .225 .175 6.59 1,60 1.96 1,88 .4' .32 .53
ST 5.5 J r. 5. 15 1.50 5,50 2,84 .214 ,165 4.81 1.27 1.79 1.72
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ST 5 Jr. 4,50 1.32 5.00 2.69 ,206 ,155 3.46 ,99 1.62 1,53 .30 ,23 ,48
ST 4.5 Jr. 3.75 1.10 4,50 2,38 ,193 .145 2,,. ,75 1.46 1,38 ,20 ," .42
ST 4 J r. 3,25 ,96 4.00 2.28 .189 .135 t.59 .56 1.29 1.18 ," ,I ' ,42
ST 3.5 Jr. 2.75 .80 3.50 2.08 ,180 ,126 1.0t ,40 t.t2 1.0t ,12 ,12 ,3'
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BPI" 102 30.01 14.032 14.784 .704 .704 1055.1 lSO.4 5.93 379.6 51.3 J.56
14x14 ~ 89 26. 19 13.856 14.696 .616 .616 909.1 131 .2 5.89 326.2 44.' J.53
73 2 1.46 13.636 14.586 .506 .506 733.1 107.5 5.85 261.9 35.9 3.49
8PI2 74 21.76 12.122 12.217 .607 .607 .... 5 93.5 5.10 184.7 30.2 2.91
12 X 12 53 15.58 11.780 12.046 .436 .436 394.8 67.0 ' .00 127.3 21.2 2.86
BPIO ., 16.76 10.012 10.224 .564 .564 294.7 58.9 4 .19 100.6 19.7 2.45
10 X 10 42 12.35 9.720 10.078 .418 .418 210.8 43.' 4 .13 71.4 14.2 2.40
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65.' 19.38 15.00 ".312 .797 .937533.' 71.2 5.25 22.' 7.• 1.09 1.04
62.8 18.47 15.00 4.251 .797 .876516.8 68.9 5.29 21.9 6 .• 1.09 1.03
499.1 66.6 5.34 20.9 6.6 1.02
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56.4 16.59 15.00 4.126 .797 .751481.5 64.2 5.39 19.9 6.4 1.10 1.02
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40.• 11.71 13.00 4.185 .610 .560 271.4 41.7 4.82 13.9 4.3 1.09
35.• 10.24 13.00 4.0n .610 .447 250.7 38.6 4.95 12.5 4 .• 1.10 .99
31.8 9.30 13.00 4.000 .610 .375 237.5 36.5 5.05 11.6 3.' 1.1! 1.01
12 X .. 50.• 14.64 12.00 4.135 .700 .835 267.9 44.6 4.28 17.8 5.8 1.10 1.06
45.0 13.24 12.00 4.090 .700 .700 248.4 41.4 4.37 16.0 5.4 1.11 1.05
40.• 11.70 12.00 3.890 .700 .590 232.6 38.• 4.46 14.5 5.1 1.11 1.05
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35.• 10.22 12.00 3.767 .700 .467 214.9 35.• 4.58 12.9 4.8 1.12 1.07
10.80 12.00 3.500 .500 203.4 33.' 4.34 10.3 3.8 .98
....
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32.9 9.60 12.00 3.500 .500 .500 169.0 31.5 4.44 9.4 3.6 .99 .89
30.9 9.00 12.00 3.450 .450 181.8 30.3 4.50 •.9 3.5 .99 .90
10 x .. 41.1 12.06 10.00 4.319 .515 .794 156.3 31.3 3.61 16.4 5.1 1.17 1.11
33.6 9.80 10.00 4.100 .575 .575 138.0 27.6 3.75 13.7 4.6 1.18 1.11
28.5 8.30 10.00 3.950 .575 .425 125.5 25.1 3.89 11.8 4.2 1.19 1.15
l ax 3~ 28.3 8.23 10.00 3.500 .575 .475 116.9 23.4 3.n 8.6 3.4 1.02 .96
24.' 7.23 10.00 3.400 .575 .375 108.6 21.7 3." 7.6 3.2 1.03 .98
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8,3 20.• 5.83 •. 00 3.025 .500 .400 54.• 13.5 3.05 4.7 2.2 .90 .86
18.7 5.43 •. 00 2.975 .500 .350 51.9 13.0 3.09 4.4 2.1 .90 .88
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2,2 3.56 1.05 2 2 ~:( U .37 .26 .59 .59 .18 .18 .42
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15.7 4.59 6 3li jj 25.3 8.4 2.35 9.' 2.8 1.41 .83
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29.9 8.78 .58 3.63 .58 11 0.7 20.9 3.55 4.70 5.6 2.0 0.80 0.75
27.2 7.98 .485 3.57 .52 102.9 19.6 3.59 4.80 5.1 1.8 0.80 0.72
24.8 7.28 .455 3.51 .46 95.4 18.4 3.62 4.82 4.6 1.6 0.80 0.70
22.4 6.57 .425 3.45 .40 88.0 17.2 3.66 4.85 4.1 1.5 0.79 0.68
9 X3~ 23.8 7.00 .465 3.57 .50 73.3 15.1 3.24 4.19 4.7 1.7 0.82 0.72
21.6 6.35 .435 3.5\ .44 67.7 14.1 3.27 4.21 4.2 1.5 0.82 0.70
19.4 5.70 .405 3.45 .38 62.2 13.1 3.30 4.22 3.7 1.4 0.81 0.68
8 X 37i 24.3 7.14 .55 3.68 .!;)8 57.0 12.7 2.83 3.53 5.2 1.9 0.85 0.78
20.0 5.87 .43 3.56 .46 48.9 11.1 2.89 3.61 4.2 1.5 0.85 0.72
16.0 4.70 .37 3.44 .34 40.9 9.4 2.95 3.62 3.3 1.2 0.84 0.69
7x3}4 21.1 6.19 .54 3.68 .56 37.5 9.2 2.46 2.95 4.8 1.8 0.88 0.80
17.1 5.03 .41 3.56 .44 32.0 8.0 2.52 3.03 3.9 1.4 0.88 0.74
13.6 3.98 .35 3.44 .32 26.4 6.7 2.58 3.01 3.0 1.1 0.87 0.71
6 X3~ 17.4 5.12 .49 3.69 .52 22.7 6.3 2.10 2.42 4.3 1.6 0.92 0.82
13.9 4.06 .365 3.57 .40 19.0 5.3 2.16 2.47 3.4 1.2 0.91 0.76
10.7 3.13 .305 3.45 .28 15.3 4.4 2.21 2.45 2.6 0.94 0.91 0.73
5 X 27i 9.8 2.88 .33 2.56 .36 9. 1 3.1 1.78 2.06 1.1 0.56 0.63 0.55
7.3 2.13 .'2:1 2.44 .24 7.1 2.4 1.63 2.01 0.81 0.42 0.62 0.51
3,2 3.8 1.12 .19 2.00 .19 1.3 0.74 1.09 1.24 0.3 1 0.20 0.54 0.45
5 X 4~ 19.1 5.64 .44 4.50 .44 20.7 7.9 1.92 2.38 8.0 2.4 1.19 1.19
5 X 3~ 13.0 3.81 .38 3.50 .38 13.4 4.8 1.88 2.22 3.3 1.2 .93 .86
4 x3,!.i 11.9 3.48 .38 3.50 .38 7.9 3.5 1.50 1.77 3.1 1.2 .94 .94
4 X 3}i 14.3 4.20 .50 3.50 .50 8.7 3.7 1.44 1.65 3.8 1.5 .96 .99
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A"""AICAN INSTITUTIiI: 0"- ST£EL CONSTRUCT I O N
56
BARS . PLATES
AND
ROLLED STEEL BEARING PLATES
PLATES
TABLES OF AVAILABLE SIZES
Not. to Tab1 .. I and II: Th, fI~t "",..tll Ilvln I, obt.. lnabr. from MOlt. and .. a.. llly fl'GM
all , of the milia roili ng thl, I"." w idth. h' _lid Ilnlth II.,." II th e mulmum obUlnlbl,
from an)l mill, and .""h ',nothl ani aubJec;t to ."batantl,1 ..t~••. For pl"t .. of la..;. alna
d_lgn, .. ,lIould f;onlUlt fa brl,;.UOI'l ' ellardlnll poalbUltl .. of flb,leatlon, ahlpmanl and
a.-..:.t1on.
TABLE I
,-
"'""_
)(
Lanlth, In FMt. o f Unlv ..... 1 Mill PIlOt_ obhlnlbl,ln tt......p.cUv. width, ,hown .
s-»
65-80
13-20 2 1-26
31-36
6()..125
37-42
40-100 00-100
43-46 .,.... '9-58 59-&l
------ - - - ---
00-100 40- 65 60-
~ 65-80 60-125 60-125 60-125 60-125 00-125
60-125 90-125 B<>- 90 70-
}> 65-80 60-125 60-125 60-125 60-125 60-125 90-125 00-120 8>-120 60-
65-80 60-125 60-125 60-125 60-125 5&-125 90-125 00-120 80-120
"
40-
1 65-80 60-125 60-125 60-125 60-125 40-125 9()..125 00- 95 70- 95 40-
1)( 65-75 43--125 "'8-125 49-125 49-125 38-125 90-115 7'" 90 60-,. 40-
45-1 2533-105 00- 95
,,"
1}> 40-60 48-120 46-125 46-125 6... 90 60- 65 35-
35-60
30-60
41-110 40-125 40-125
36- 90 35-125 35-110
38-110 28- 90 B<>- 90
34- 95 24- 75 70- 90
5... 90 45- 55
.... 90 40- 45 ,...
30-
Ho. rI mil"
from which
obtainable
, , , • • • , , , ,
T ABLE I I
Lenlth,ln Feet, of Sh .. r~ Plat .. obtainable In the rupectln width, ,hown.
"'''''_ "....
Wldth,lnet..
'''''''' 24-36
--- . 9-<lO 61-78 79-96 97-114 115-1 32 133-~ 151-168 169-~
"
36-SO 37-70 35-70 35-70 30-70 30-55 35-48 19-05 39-
1
1)(
36-SO
3O-SO
34-70
30-70
30-70
25-70
32-70
'5-65
'5-66
20-60
,..."
""5
35-48
31-45
18-45
17-45 42-
41-
38-
1}> 30-70 23-<0 21-<0 1&-58 , ....5 30-45 41- 33-
,'"
' ....0
,5-40
20-35
30-60
''''55
22-52
""9
18-59
16-52
14-50
13-47
12-45
11-45
28-44
24-43
,....'
1&-4'
14-4'
40-
39-
31-
29-
.........
No. .. mHIl!
"Oft'! whICh • , , ---
,
" " " " " "
FLOOR PLATES- RAISED PATTERN
Different mi11soffer floor plates in different styles, patterns and extreme dimensions.
The nominal or ordered thickness is that of the flat plate exclusive of the height of the
rai!ied pattern. TIle usual ",,'eights are as follows:
,.....
NomlnaITh~
)i ~
" "
)( }> )i )i 1
Nominal Weight
Lb. 1* IIq.. It. 6.15 "
8.7 11.25 13.8 16.35
f--"--
18.9 "
21.45 26.55 31.65 36.75 41.85
In general, lengths are limited to 10 feel for widths of 6 to 20 inches and 20 feet
for widths of 20 to 72 inches. For longer or thicker plates, and for precise information
on all the foregoing, the individllal manufacturers should be consulted.
.
ROLLED STEE L BEARING PLATES
Rolled steel bearing plates are extensively used for column bases, wall bearing
plates, and a variety of other uses.
Since standard sizes are kept in stock, and only simple fabrication is required,
shipments can be made promptly.
The smaller and thinner bearing plates, up to and including 2 inches in thickness,
are rolled flat and with surfaces sufficiently smooth to receive, without planing, the
milled ends of column shafts. Bearing plates 4 inches and under in thickness can be
straightened by a press to within the required limits of ftatness.
Rolled steel bearing plates of t hicknesses greater than 4 inches are likely to be
slightly bowed or cambered so that, in order to provide proper bearing surfaces. these
plates should be planed on their tOp surfaces directly under the oolwnns. It will not
be necessary to plane the bottom surfaces when the plates reston concrete foundations,
as full bearing contacl can be provided with strong cement grout.
When plates over 4 inelies thick rest on steel, the top surfaces should be planed
for the column bearing and the bottom surfaces planed all over.
Sizes of rolled steel bearing plates required for use as wall bearing plates or column
base plates can be determined by the melhods given on pages 128 and 129. Allowable
loads on colwnn base plates are given on pages 249 to 251.
The tables of permissible variations of dimensions of the American Iron and Steel
Insti tute, as given on page 69, Table III , should be consulted when ordering bearing
plates for such finished dimensions as are required by the design.
~ Fig. I
~ Fig. 2
~
\ J
J
n
F ig. 3
\ Fig. 4
A Fig. 5 Fig. 6
""M .. --'" --'" --... --'" --'" Mul m"", Coomber l ot Oi...." Length
--
M'
"" ... '" or ..'
".
-- -- - - -- -- --
24" Wide Flange
and Over__ ... _.. 1" l ~" 2" 2.l-''' 3" 3~" 3""
'" 4 ~" 'W 4,,"" 5"
Camber will approximate a simple regular curve from end to end (nearly) of beam,
or between any t'llo1) points on beam as apecified. Reverse or other compound curves
will not be undertaken. Camber' shall be specified by the ordinate at mid·length of the
portion specified to be curved. Ordinates at other points shall not be specified. Th.
camber ordinate is subject to a tolerance of nothing under to U in. over for a length
50 ft. and less; and for lengths over SO ft ., ~ in. is to be added to the over tolerance
for each additional 10 ft. or fraction thereof.
Camber is secured by gagging beams cold. Extremely small cambers may not be
permanent and the beam may lose camber due to the release or Bt.resgeS put into the
beam during the camber operation. Minimum camber likely to remain permanent i!
indicated in table below.
""'.
'"
'--- -
.,
- - - -
.....
''"
-
...
- '-'" u_
--- - - - --- - '"
- -
". or
'-'"
--- - -
-
.. ....... ,-
Minlmllm ClImber lIl<&Iy to Remaln P",manent
..."..,
21" VoF W' W 1" 17S" I~" 2U" JU" 4 ~" 5"
24" Standard W' W 1" IU" 1M:" 2" 2,"," JU" 5"
While cambenlless than shown in this table can be rurnished, no guarantee can be
given with respect to their pennanency.
m tJ±,v "
, m t.±;>{
"
,
--- -- -- ;---.j
- --l. I
jo--'----I
Scale of P•• ml.lbl, Tol ...... _ eUDII,."tMl for c.1 •• lt)l.
ROLLING TOLERANCES
Nomln. I
O,pth
""..
d
Width of
FI'1Ige
b
Out 01 Sq>Jat. or Parallel
m m,nul n
M,.;mum Oopt~
., .ny Point
m
Web off
C.nlOt
-+-
~ %"
Up to Not more than Not more
12" Incl. %" !It'' Not rT'IOre than ~" 7,;" over
than ~"
theoretical
Not more than
Not more
Over 12" U" ~" )(" lJO" Not more than Mil U" over than ~"
theoretical
Sh.pa ml)" h.n an ,lIow.bl, ..arlltlon In ...."ht of plu. or minu. 2"<;;' !!'Om the "omln.1 ... elght.
CUTTING TOLERANCES
lMIglh In t..t
Up to
Section 301nc!. 0.., " s,.a.1 Toler._
+ +
--
Beams 8"
to 24" incl. ~"
,.. "'" plus ~" for each 5' or
fraction thereof above 30'
When order specifies cut-
ling tolerance "all plus, no
Beams Mil plus ,,"," for each 5' or
fraction thereof above 30'
"'" minus" (no under-run) tho
tolerance applying to tho
over 2"," Ji" Ji" Ji" ordered length shall be the
arithmetical sum of the plus
Columns ~" plus ~" for each 5' or and minus tolerances given
all sizes Ji" Ji" fraction thereof above 30' Ji" in this lable.
Ends out of ~uare: 1(." per inch of depth. or Range width if greater than depth.
Anov.'llnce for ilUng: For material which is to be milled the order should show
whether one or both ends are to be milled. allowance added
for millin~. and whether material is to be cut to standard or
special to eranees tven above.
It is recommen cd that material to be milled be ordered in
the following lengths :
Milled one end only: Finished length plus "",".
Milled both ends: Finished length plus Jill.
>ii"X total length in feet
Straightness : Tolernnces for beams: 10'
Where sections are specified on orders as columns, the fol·
lowing tolerances will apply:
Lengths up to 45' 0": >ii" x
total length in feet U
10' bu tnotover "max.
totallength-45'
Lengths over 45' 0": ,"," + >ii"X - -10'
j
T• _1'-'--1
•
I V
'----. ,-J
J1--.--1,- 1
T
j
J
Scale of P,rml..lbr. T o ler.ne. . ...DDerated fo r o;larlty.
R O L L IN G TOLERA NCES
Wldtho' Oul ol
o.,~l h f' 1."l/OI Sq~f' W,lglIt
Nom'n. 1
.+.
~
d h
""'" + +
Plnllel
+
3" to 7"in-c1. ,"," Ii" Ii"
0." 7"to,4"lncl.
Over 14" to 24" Incl.
!I;"
W'
,""
!I;"
Ii"
!I;"
,""
~"
,""
"'''
pe r inch
of flang e
2.li%
2J.i%
2J.i%
2y'\%
2~%
2J.i%
CUTTI N G TO L ERA N CES
Up 10 30' Incl.
"-,. .,... '"
Section
"
40' Inc!. "
liO' lncl. 0 - ""
.,... ,- "'"
"'"
1+
Under 0- U""~
Structural Beams W ,.." %" W }i:"
~" 1" W
Structural T 86S ~" 0 1" 0 131" tU" 0
Camber tolerance;
Ji" X total lcngth in feet
5'
Weight tolerances a re based on each shipment consisting o f carload lots or fraction
thereof of t he same figured or ordered weight per linear foot.
·Back of square a nd web to be parallel when measuring for "out of sq~. "
L ,
1•
•
;
, T
U
~
Nominal
"",.
I
R O LLIN G T OLeRA N CES
,,""
+
li"
""'.
"-b
,
,
~
li"
I
I
-.
0 ....
0+.
~
Puallel
lU"
+
2h%
W,1g1It
2H:%
Over 7"to14"incl . li" lio" li" lio" per inch 2Ji% 2.11%
Over 14" to 18" incl. ,I I . ..
• of flange 2!.,%
~'" li" li" 2~%
a- , u_ I
ail ,,
0- u"'"' 0-
I, u...
I "'" u""'"
Structural W-
i
J i" , ~ i" ! ~" ~" , I" I li"
Ends out of square: kI" per inch of depUl.
U" X total length in feet
Camber tolerance:
5'
Weight tolerances are based on each shipment consisting of carload lots or fraction
thereof of the same figured or ordered ....-eight per linear foot .
;"';',-
~
+i,
" I -r-·(~~t-':::/
\I 1 :: \\' , \ :if:
r
VI •
I \~ ,
I> \ ,"'\
d \\
:1
:.'
JJr'~::::=====1I~
1
.:1.,
\ ,./
~,.----
o
f<----.--~~, ~-+-.,
ROLLING TOLERANCES
.'" "- ,
-
+ -- -
+ - --- +
--- --- - --
1}1°, or 2J7% 2M%
3" to 4" incl. All
~ ~ --- ~
W'
3/ 126" per
OvBr4" to 6" incl. All W' ~ ~ ~ inch of leg 2M% 2).1%
Over 6" All W' liO" ,"" W' length 2J.i% 2.%%
CUTTI N G T O LERANCES
Section Thlck_
Up to 30" incl. ,.
0-., '"
40' Incl.
""_ ....
"- 0_ Under O~. Undo, 0-., Under
Ends out of square-For Angles and Bulb Angles 1M degrees, or ~h." per inch of
leg length.
For lees 1M degrees, or Mu" per inch of sum of leg lengths.
10tallength in feet
Camber tolerance: ~"X 5'
Weight tolerances are based on each shipment consisting of carload lots or fraction
thereof of the same figured or ordered weight per linear foot.
Longer leg of unequal leg angie detennines size for tolerances.
I Permissi ble Ex~e .. In Average Weight of l.ot •• for Widths Oi .... n, In Inches
n" . "
E.pre..ed i n Percentage of Nominal WeillhU '
Specified Thiek .....,
Inche. 106 to
~B
""
and 430""
..d. .~~l. "',
to 50,
"" -""
~~(. ''', '", '"
12010
m,
132 to 1<1<110
- - - - - - - - ~::I.
~,
unde. •• el. exel.
- - -- -- - - -- - --
uel. exe!. .... cl. ~"
Permi_ ibl .. variations in .... e'Kht for individual plat.. _hall be: One and __ third timee the ~mount.l
preeaihed in thls table .
Per.nitslble vanation under apecifoed thickn.,., 0.01 in .
'The term "101." as applied to Table [ mnn. aU the plat ... o[ each Kl'OUP width and Kl'OUP thick""""
u~nled in each lhipment.
Pe r ml u lble V.rIU io " . In Ave rage Weight of Lot. ' for Width , Given, I n I "chee,
Exp ruaed In Per<:enUge 01 Ord e red Weight per Squ .... Foot.
84 to
Specified
Weight ,
lb. por tQ. fL
""
n, "',
• • cI.
1210
exci.
,",
ucl.
'""
'""
exel.
7.6!ilo l 0,ncl. _
10 to 1 2.5,8~cI.4
1'2.5IoU, .ud."
._
3
3
4.5 J
4.53
4 3
.5
.5
4.53
J
3
5.~')
!>.53
.5 3
., ,,
, ,
5.53
6.!i373
5.5 3 6 3
• , , ,,..
, ,, •
7. 53
15 to ll. S, e.d.l.5 J 3.5,) 4 3 4.53 53!>5J63 3 10 ,)
11.51020. /I>d.3.5 2.5
20 to 25, e~cI. 3.5 2.5
3.5 2.5
3.5 2.5
3.5 3
3.5 3
4
3.5 3
.)
, ,
4.5 3 4.53.5
434.5353
3 5.53
, ,
•
5.5 3 ,
3
3
,
•
3
3
25 to 30, • • d.,) 2.5 3.5 2.5 3.5 :'>.& 3.5 3 3.5 3 3.5 2.5" 3 4.5 3 6.5 3 , 3
30 1040, ,..d.3 '2
40 10 81.6,;""1. 2.5'2
,)
3
'2
'2
3
3
'2
'2
3 '2
'2
3.5 '2 3.5 2 3.5 2.5 4 3
, , 4.5 3 , 3 6.5
,
3
3
P~rmiMihle
J
'"
vari3tioru. in weight for individual plat ea . hall he
:U 2 J 2.53.53
on<!
5.5 3
Vari a tion . ove r Spec ifi ed Thlc knen for W idth Given
Specified T h",k_,
Inches
~
60 In 84, 84 to 120, 120 10 132,
Ul"Ider 36 • • d. e, cl. uel. .xel. 132 alld 0V6r
'"'
.." .." ..
Over 2 to 3, excl.... ___ ... lO
""'
!i !i
3\0 4, " ._--_ ...
410 6, " ._---_.
'" !Ii !i !i ""'lO
6 to 8, " ._---_.
8 to 10, " .-----.
'lO" !i
!i 'lO
Each plate shal l oot va ry mo«: than 0.01 in. u"der the ordered thickness.
PERMISSIBLE VAR IATI O N S IN LENGTH AND WIDTH FOR GAS CUT PLATES
60 or under avo<
2 to 10, incl. % %
30 or under Ove r 10 to 15, inc l. % %
Ove r 30 to 50, inclus ive Over 10 to 15, inc l. % %
,-
Ordered Thick.....,
U"'" 136• 10• eI.4', 4810 GO,
. xcl.
GO lan,
excl,
I exct.
n to 84,
....
84 10 96, 9610 108, 1 108 10 12010
~ 120,e.eI . 144, Ind.
" ------
~
"
Over 2 to 4, exel. iI !to l<. % !to %
4" 6, excl. " !to % % !to ~ )i 1
"
){
610 8, exel. !to !to % % iI % .!to 1 1
~
~
"
8 to 10, excl. % )i 1 1 1 1
10to1 2,excl. % ',," % 1 1 1 1 1 1
12to15, incl. % ',," % 1 1 1 1 1 1
MISCELLANEOUS DATA
FOR
ESTIMATING AND DESIGNING
EYE BARS
PIPE
Woight
Si,.
Weight
lb. per Foot
Area
SQuar. Inche.
Silo
lb. !>CIr Fool ""
SQuar. I nchn
''''''-
--
•
• • 0 0
Incho.
3
• •
30.60 24.03
0
9.000
0
1.069
~
~
.013 .010 .0039 .0031 31.89 25.05 9.379 7.366
.053 .042 .0156 .0123 33.20 26.08 9.766 7.670
.120 .094 .0352 .0276 !iO 34.54 27.13 10.160 7.980
~
.213 .167 .0625 .0491 li 35.91 28.21 10.563 8.296
.332 .281 .0977 .0767 !iO 37.31 29.30 10.973 8.61a
.478
.651
.376
.511
.1406
.1914
.11 05
.1503 l;! 38.73
40.1 8
30.42
31.55
11 .391
11.816
8.946
9.281
.850 .668 .2500 .1963 ;; 41 .65 32.71 12.250 9.621
l;! 1.076 .845 .3164 .2485 !iO 43.15 33.89 12.691 9.968
~
% 1.328 1.043 .3906 .3068 44.68 35.09 13.141 10.321
% 1.607 1.262 .4727 .3712 46.23 36.31 13.593 10.680
~
Ii 1.91 3 1.502 .5625 .4418 47.81 37.55 14.063 11.045
.5185
if% 2.245
2.603
2.968
1.763
2.044
2.347
.6602
.7658
.8789
.6013
.6903
Ji
%
49.42
51.05
52.71
38.81
40.10
41.40
14.535
15.016
15.504
11.41 6
11.793
12.1n
1 3.400 2.670 1.0000 .7854
• 54.40 42.73 16.000 12.566
a li
3.838
4.303
4.795
5.313
3.015
3.380
3.766
4.172
1.1289
1.2656
1.4102
T.5625
.8866
.994.
1.1075
1.2272
Il'"
li
56.11
57.85
59.62
61.41
44.07
45.44
46.83
48.23
16.504
17.016
17.535
18.063
12.962
13.364
13.772
14.186
~ ~
5.857 ' .600 1.7227 1.3530 63.23 49.66 18.598 14.607
6.428 5.049 1.8906 1.4849 65." 51. 11 19.141 15.033
..
7.028 5.518 2.0664 1.6230 !iO 66.95 52.58 19.691 15.466
7.650 6.008 2.2500 1.7671 ;, 54.07 20.250 15.904
l;! 8.301 6.519 2.4414 1.9175
63.85
70.78 55.59 20.816 16.349
% 8.978 7.051 2.84<l6 2.0739 % 72.73 57.12 21.391 16.800
'!iO 9.632 7.604 2.8477 2.2365 11<& 74.71 58.67 21.973 17.257
;r.Ji 10.413
11.170
11 .953
8.178
8.773
9.388
3.0625
3.2852
3.5156
2.4053
2.5802
2.7612 "
'!iO
Ji
76.71
78.74
BO.80
60.25
61.85
63.46
22.563
23.160
23.766
17.721
18.190
18.665
'," 12.763 10.024 3.7539 2.9483 I ~~ 82.89 65.10 24.379 19.147
2 13.600 10.681 '.0000 3.141 6 5 85.00 66.76 25.000 19.635
!iO 14.463 11.359 4.2539 3.341 0 !iO 87.14 68.44 25.629 20.129
15.353 12.058 4.5156 Ji
It 16.270 12.778 4.7852
3.5466
3.7583 Ii,
89.30
91.49
70.14
71.86
28.286
26.910
20.629
21.135
li 17.213 13.519 5.0625 3.9761 li 93.71 73.60 27.563 21.648
'.2000
~ ~
18.182 14.280 5.3477 95.96 75.36 28.223 22.166
19.178 15.062 5.84<l6 4.4301 98.23 77.15 28.891 22.691
l;!
20.201
21.250
22.326
15.866
16.690
17.534
5.941 4
6.2500
6.5884
4.6664
4.9087
5.1 572
"'!iO
Ji
100.53
102.85
105.20
78.95
80.78
82.62
29.588
30.250
30.941
23.221
23.758
24.301
%
%
23.428
24.557
18.400
19.287
6.8906
7.2227
5.4119
5.6727
%
%
107.58
109.98 I 84.49
86.38
31 .641
32.348
24.850
25.406
"
25.713 20.195 7.5625 5.9396 112.41 88.29 33.063 25.967
"""
Ji
26.895
28.103
21.1 23
22.072
7.9102
8.2656
6.2126
6.4918
%
Ji
114.87
117.35
90.22
92.17
33.785
34.516
28.535
27. 109
""
29.338 23.042 8.6289 6.7771 % 119.86 94.14 35.254 27.688
3 30.600 24.033 9.0000 7.0686 6 122.40 96. 13 36.000 28.274
,-
5i,0
-6 122.40
Wel~ht
l b. per Foot
• • 96.1 3
0
36.000
M"
Squ.r. I nchu
0
28.274
Silt
,~
9
...
• •
Weight
Lb . .,... Foot
275.40 216.30
I
0
81.000
" ..
Square II'ICIM&
0
63.617
124.96 98.15 36.754 28..666 279.24 219.31 82.129 64.504
t,!"" 127.55 100.18 37.516 29.465
""
)i 283.10 222.35 83.266 65.397
".296
"
130.17 102.23 38.285 30.069 286.99 225.41 84.41 0
Ji 132.81 104.31 39.063 30.680 Ji 290.91 228.48 85.563 67.201
~
135.48 106.41 39.848 31.296 294.86 23 1.58 86.723 68. 112
~ 138.18
140.90
108.53 40.641
41 .441
31.919
32.548 liO
298.83
302.83
234.70
237.84
8 7.891
89.066
69.029
69.953
liO 110.66
)i 143.65
146.43
112.82
115.00
42.250
43.066
33.183
33.824 t,! 306.85
310.90
241.00
244.18
90.250
91.441
70.882
71.818
" %
%
149.23
152.06
117.20
119.43
43.891
44.723
34.472
35.125
%
',,"
314.98
319.08
247.38
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li 238.48 187.30 70.141 55.088 439.93 345.52 129.391 101.623
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2 1.28 1.70 2.13 2.55 2.98 3.40 3.83 4.25 4.68 5.10 5.53 5.95 6.38 6.80
2N 1.43 1.91 2.39 2.87 3.35 3.83 4.30 4.78 5.26 5.74 6.22
6.69 7.17 7.65
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4» 2.87 3.83 4.78 5.74 6.69 7.65 8.61 9.56 10.5 11.5 12.4 13.4 14.3 15.3
4N 3.03 4.04 5.05 6.06 7.07 8.08 9.08 10.1 11.1 12.1 13. 1 14.1 15.1 16.2
5 3.19 4.25 5.31 6.38 7.44 8.50 9.56 10.6 11.7 12.8 13.8 14.9 15.9 17.0
5N 3.35 4.46 5.58 6.69 7.81 8.93 10.0 11 .2 12.3 13.4 14.5 15.6 16.7 17.9
5» 3.51 4.68 5.84 7.01 8.18 9.35 10.5 11.7 12.9 14.0 15.2 16.4 17.5 18.7
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6 3.83 5.10 6.38 7.65 8.93 10.2 11.5 12.8 14.0 ".3 16.6 17.9 19.1 20.4
6N 3.98 5.31 6.64 7.97 9.30 10.6 12.0 13.3 14.6 15.9 17.3 18.6 19.9 21 .3
6» 4.14 5.53 6.91 8.29 9.67 11.1 12.4 13.8 15.2 16.6 18.0 19.3 20.7 22.1
6" '.30 5.74 7.17 8.61 10.0 11.5 12.9 14.3 15.8 17.2 18.7 20.1 21.5 23.0
7 4.46 5.95 7.44 8.93 10.4 11.9 13.4 14.9 16.4 17.9 19.3 20.8 22.3 23.8
7N 4.62 6.16 7.70 9.24 10.8 12.3 13.9 15.4 17.0 18.5 20.0 21.6 23.1 24.7
7» 4.78 6.38 7.97 9.56 11.2 12.8 14.3 15.9 17.5 19. 1 20.7 22.3 23.9 25.5
m 4.94 6.59 8.23 9.88 11.5 13.2 14.8 16.5 18.1 19.8 21.4 23.1 24.7 26A
8 5.10 6.80 8.50 10.2 11.9 13.6 15.3 17.0 18.7 lOA 22.1 23.8 25.5 27.2
8N 5.26 7.01 8.77 10.5 12.3 14.0 15.8 17.5 19.3 21.0 22.8 24.5 26.3 28.1
8» 5.42 7.23 9.03 10.8 12.6 14.5 16.3 18. 1 19.9 21.7 23.5 25.3 27. 1 28.'
8" 5.58 7.44 9.30 11.2 13.0 14.9 16.7 18.6 20.5 22.3 24.2 26.0 27.9 29.8
9 5.74 7.65 9.56 11.5 13.4 15.3 17.2 19.1 21.0 23.0 24.' 26.8 28.7 30.6
9N 5.90 7.86 9.83 11.8 13.8 15.7 17.7 19.7 21.6 23.6 25.6 27.5 29.5 31.5
9» 6.06 8.08 10. 1 12.1 14.1 16.2 18.2 20.2 22.2 2<.2 26.2 28.3 30.3 32.3
9N 6.22 8.29 10.4 12.4 14.5 16.6 18.7 20.7 22.8 24.9 26.9 29.0 31.1 33.2
10 6.38 8.50 10.6 12.8 14.9 17.0 19.1 21.3 23A 25.5 27.6 29.8 31.9 34.0
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10» 6.69 8.93 11.2 13.4 15.6 17.9 20.1 22.3 24.5 26.8 29.0 31.2 33.5 35.7
1 0~ •. 85 9.14 11.4 13.7 16.0 18.3 20.• 22.8 25.1 27.4 29.7 32.0 34.3 36.•
7.01 9.35 11.7 14.0 16.4 18.7 21.0 23.4 25.7 28.1 30.4 32.7 35.1 37.4
"11 U 7.17 9.56 12.0 14.3 16.7 19.1 21.5 23.9 26.3 28.7 31.1 33.5 35.9 38.3
11» 7.33 9.78 12.2 14.7 17.1 19.6 22.0 24.4 26.9 29.3 31.8 34.2 36.7 39.1
11U 7.49 9.99 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0
12 7.65 10.2 12.8 15.3 17.9 20.' 23.0 25.S 28.1 30.• 33.2 35.7 38.3 40.8
12» 7.97 10.6 13.3 15.9 18.6 21.3 23.9 26 .• 29.2 31.9 34.5 37.2 39.6 42.5
13 8.29 11.1 13.8 16.6 19.3 22.1 24.9 27.6 30.4 33.2 35.9 38.7 41.4 44.2
13» 8.61 11.5 14.3 17.2 20.1 23.0 25.8 28.7 31.6 34.4 37.3 40.2 43.0 45.9
14 8.93 11.9 14.9 17.9 20.8 23.8 26.8 29.8 32.7 35.7 38.7 41.7 44.• 47.&
14» 9.24 12.3 15.4 18.5 21.6 24.7 27.7 30.8 33.9 37.0 40.1 43.1 46.2 49.3
15 9.56 12.8 15.9 19.1 22.3 25.5 28.7 31.9 35.1 38.3 41.4 44.• 47.8 51.0
15» 9.88 13.2 16.5 19.B 23.1 26.' 29.• 32.9 36.2 39.5 42.B 46.1 49.4 52.7
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I.» 10.5 14.0 17.5 21.0 24.5 28.1 31.6 35.1 38.• 42.1 45.6 49.1 52.6 56.1
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17» 11.2 14.9 18.6 22.3 26.0 29.8 33.5 37.2 40.9 44 .• 48.3 52.1 55.6 59.5
16 11.5 15.3 19.1 23.0 26.8 30 .• J4.4 38.3 42.1 45.9 49.7 53.• 57.4 61.2
18» 11.8 15.7 19.7 23.6 27.5 31.5 35.4 39.3 43.2 47.2 51.1 55.0 59.0 62.9
19 12.1 16.2 20.2 24.2 28.3 32.3 36.3 40.' 44.4 48.5 52.5 56.5 50.• 64 .•
19» 12.4 16.6 20.7 24.9 29.0 33.2 37.3 41.4 45.6 49.7 53.9 58.0 62.2 66.3
20 12.8 17.0 21.3 25.5 29.8 34.0 38.3 42.5 46.8 51.0 55.3 59.5 63.8 66.0
20» 13.1 17.4 21.8 26.1 30.5 34.' 39.2 43.6 47.9 52.3 56 .• 61.0 65.3 69.7
21 13.4 17.9 22.3 26.8 31.2 35.7 40.2 44 .• 49.1 53 .• 58.0 62.5 66.' 71.4
21» 13.7 18.3 22.8 27.4 32.0 36.6 41.1 45.7 SO.3 54.8 59,4 64.0 68.5 73.1
22 14.0 18.7 23.4 28.1 32.7 37.4 42.1 46.8 51.4 56.1 60.8 65.5 70.1 74.8
22» 14.3 19.1 23.9 28.7 33.5 38.3 43.0 47.8 52.6 57.4 62.2 66.9 71.7 76.5
23 14.7 19.6 24.4 29.3 34.2 39.1 44.0 48.9 53.8 58.7 63.5 68.4 73.3 78.2
23» 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 44.9 49.9 54.9 59.9 64.9 69.9 74.9 79.9
24 15.3 20.4 25.5 30.6 35.7 40.8 45.9 51.0 56.1 61.2 66.3 71.4 76.5 81.6
25 15.9 21.3 26 .• 31.9 37.2 42.5 47.8 53.1 58.4 63.8 69.1 74.4 79.7 85.0
26 16.6 22.1 27 .• 33.2 38.7 "'.2 49.7 55.3 60.8 66.3 71.8 77.4 82.9 88.4
63.1 68.9 74.6 SO.3 86.1 91.8
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17.9
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28.7
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51.6
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57.4
59.5 65.5 71.4 n.. 83.3 89.3 95.2
86.3 92.4 98 .•
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29 18.5 24.7 30.8 37.0 43.1 49.3 55.5 61.6 67.8 74.0 SO.1
30 19.1 25.5 31.9 38.3 51.0 57.4 63.8 70.1 76.5 82.9 89.3 95.• 102
52.7 59.3 65.9 72.5 79.1 85 .• 92.2 98.8 105
1~9.8
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32 20.4 27.2 34.0 40.8 47.6 54.' 61.2 68.0 74.8 81.6 86.4 95.2 102 109
Width
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Thlck.-.lnchel
53 33.8 45.1 56.3 67.6 78.8 90.1 101 113 124 135 146 158 169 180
54 34.4 45.9 57.4 68.' 80.3 91.8 103 115 126 138 14' 161 172 184
55 35.1 46.8 58.4 70.1 81.8 93.5 105 117 129 140 152 164 175 187
56 35.7 47.6 59.5 71.4 83.3 95.2 107 131 143 155 167 190
57 36.3 60.6 72.7 84.8 96.'
48.5 109
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121 133 145 158 170
17'
182 194
58 37.0 49.3
61.6 74.0 66.3 98.6 111 123 136 148 160 173 185 197
59 37.6 SO.2 62.7 75.2 87.8 100 113 125 138 151 163 176 188 201
60 38.3 51.0 63.8 76.5 89.3 102 115 128 140 153 166 17' 191 204
61 38.' 51.9 64.8 77.8 90.7 104 117 130 143 156 16' 182 194 207
62 39.5 52.7 65.' 79.1 92.2 105 132 145 158 185 198 211
63
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68.0 81.6
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95.2 109
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121
122
134
136
147
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161
163
171
174
177
187
190
201
204
214
218
65 41.4 55.3 69.1 82.9 96.7 111 124 138 152 166 180 193 207 221
66 42.1 56.1 70.1 84.2 98.2 112 126 140 154 168 182 196 210 m
67 42.7 57.0 71.2 65.4 99.7 114 128 142 157 171 185 19' 214 228
68 43.4 57.8 72.3 66.7 101 116 130 145 15' 173 188 202 217 231
69 44.0 58.7 73.3 88.0 103 117 132 147 161 176 191 205 220 235
70 44.6 59.5 74.4 89.3 104 134 149 164 193 223 238
71
72
45.3 60.4 75.4 90.5 106
45.9 61.2 76.5 91.8 107
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121
122
136
138
151
153
166
168
17'
181
184
196
199
208
211
214
226
230
241
245
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75 47.8 63.8 79.7 95.6 112 128 143 159 175 191 207 223 239 255
76 48.5 64.6 SO.8 96.9 113 129 145 162 178 194 210 226 242 258
77 49.165.5 81.8 98.2 115 131 147 164 180 196 213 229 245 262
78 49.766.3 82.9 99.5 116 133 149 166 182 199 216 232 249 265
79 SO.• 67.2 83.9 101 118 134 151 168 185 202 218 235 252 269
80 51.0 68.0 85.0 102 119 136 153 170 187 204 221 238 255 272
81 51.6 68.9 86.1 103 121 138 155 172 189 207 22. 241 258 275
82 52.3 69.7 87.1 105 122 139 157 17. 192 209 227 244 261 279
83 52.9 70.6 88.2 106 12. 141 159 176 194 212 229 247 265 282
84 53.6 71.4 69.3 107 125 143 161 179 196 21. 232 2SO 268 286
85 54.2 72.3 90.3 106 126 145 163 181 199 217 235 253 271 289
86 54.8 73.1 91.4 110 128 146 165 183 201 219 238 256 27' 292
87 55.5 74.0 92.' 111 129 148 166 185 203 222 240 259 277 296
88 56.1 74.8 93.5 112 131 ISO 168 187 206 22. 243 262 281 299
106 ..-- ...... 90.1 113 135 158 180 203 225 248 270 293 315 338 360
106 .... -.. -.. 91.8 115 138 161 184 207 230 253 275 298 321 344 367
11 0 .......... 93.5 117 140 164 187 210 234 257 281 304 327 351 374
112 .......... 95.2 119 143 167 190 21. 238 262 286 309 333 357 381
11 . .......... 96.9 121 145 170 194 218 242 267 291 315 339 363 388
116 .......... 98.6 123 148 173 197 222 247 271 296 321 345 370 394
118 _.. _.... 100 125 151 176 201 226 251 276 301 326 351 376 401
120 .......... 102 128 153 179 204 230 255 281 306 332 357 383 .08
122 .......... 104 130 156 182 207 233 259 285 311 337 363 389 415
12. .......... 105 132 158 185 21 1 237 264 290 316 343 369 395 422
126
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134
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161
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187
190
214
218
241
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268
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295
299
321
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375
381
402
408
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lli .281 .375 .469 .563 .656 .750 .844 .938 1.03 1.13 1.22 1.31 1.41 1.50
1)( .328 .438 .547 .656 .766 .875 .984 1.09 1.20 1.31 1.42 1.53 1.64 1.75
2 .375 .500 .625 .750 .875 1.00 1.13 1.25 1.38 1.50 1.63 1.75 1.88 2.00
2)( .'122 .563 .703 .844 .984 1.13 1.27 1.41 1.55 1.69 1.83 1.97 2.11 2.25
2li .469 .625 .781 .938 1.09 1.25 1.41 1.56 1.72 1.88 2.03 2.19 2.34 2.50
2)( .516 .688 .859 1.03 1.20 1.38 1.55 1.72 1.89 2.06 2.23 2.41 2.58 2.75
3 .563 .750 .938 1.13 1.31 1.50 1.69 1.88 2.06 2.25 2.44 2.63 2.81 3.00
3)( .609 .813 1.02 1.22 1.42 1.63 1.83 2.03 2.23 2.44 2.64 2.84 3.05 3.25
3li .656 .875 1.09 1,31 1.53 1.75 1.97 2.19 2.41 2.63 2.84 3.06 3.28 3.50
3)( .703 .938 1.17 t .41 1.64 1.88 2,1' 2.34 2.58 2.81 3.05 3.28 3.52 3.75
4 .750 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00
4)( .797 1.06 1.33 1.59 1.86 2.13 2.39 2.66 2.92 3.19 3,45 3:72 3.98 4.25
4li .844 1.13 1.41 1.69 1.97 2.25 2.53 2.81 3.09 3.38 3.66 3.94 4.22 4.50
4)( .891 1.19 l AB t .78 2.09 2.38 2.67 2.97 3.27 3.66 3.86 4.16 4.45 4.75
5 .938 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.19 2.50 2.61 3.13 3.44 3.75 4.06 4.38 4.69 5.00
5)( .984 t .31 1.64 1.97 2.30 2.63 2.95 3.28 3.61 3.94 4.27 4.59 4.92 5.25
5li 1.03 1.38 1.72 2.06 2.41 2.75 3.09 3.44 3.78 4.13 4.47 4.81 5.16 5.50
5~ 1.08 1.44 1.80 2.16 2.52 2.88 3.23 3.59 3.95 4.31 4.67 5.03 5.39 5.75
6 1.13 1.50 1.88 2.25 2.63 3.00 3.38 3.75 4.13 4.50 4.88 5.25 5.63 6.00
6)( 1.17 1.56 1.95 2.34 2.73 3.13 3.52 3.91 4.30 4.69 5.08 5.47 5.86 6.25
6li 1.22 1.63 2.03 2.44 2.84 3.25 3.66 4.06 4.47 4.88 5.28 5 .69 6.09 6.50
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7 1.31 1.75 2.19 2.63 3.06 3.50 3.94 4.38 4.81 5.25 5.69 6.13 6.56 7.00
7)( 1.36 1.81 2.27 2.72 317 3.63 4.08 4.53 4.98 5.44 5.89 6.34 6.80 7.25
7li 1.41 1.88 2.34 2.81 3.28 3.75 4.22 4.69 5.16 5.63 6.09 6.56 7.03 7.50
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8 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00
8)( 1.55 2.06 2.58 3.09 3.61 4.13 4.64 5.16 5.67 6.19 6.70 7.22 7.73 8.25
8li 1.59 2.13 2.66 3.19 3.72 4.25 4.78 5.31 5.84 6.38 6.91 7.44 7.97 8.50
8j( 1.64 2.19 2.73 3.28 3.83 4.38 4.92 5.47 6.02 6.56 7.1 1 7.66 8.20 8.75
9 1.69 2.25 2.81 3.38 3.94 4.50 5.06 5.63 6.19 6.75 7.31 7.88 8.44 9.00
9)( 1.73 2.31 2.89 3.47 4.05 4.63 5.20 5.78 6.36 6.94 7.52 8.09 8.67 9.25
I.
9li 1.78 2.38 2.97 3.56 4.16 4.75 5.34 5.94 6.53 7.13 7.72 8.31 8.91 9.50
9j( 1.83 2.44 3.05 3.66 4.27 4.88 5.48 6.09 6.70 7.31 7.92 8.53 9.14 9.75
1.88 2.50 3.13 3.75 4.38 5.00 5.63 6.25 6.88 7.50 8.13 8.75 9.38 10.00
""~
• -
N ----
N N --
~ N --
N ----
N ~ 'N -N- -~.- -N- --
• -1-
- --
IO J.( 1.92 2.56 3.20 3.84 4.48 5.13 s.n 6.41 7.05 7.69 8.33 8.97 9.61 10.25
10 ~ 1.97 2.63 3.28 3.94 4.59 5.25 5.91 6.56 7.22 7.88 8.53 9.19 9.84 10.50
10M 2.02 2.69 3.36 4.03 4.70 5.38 6.05 6.12 7.39 8.06 8.73 9.'" 10.08 10.75
11 2.06 2.75 3.44 4. 1 ~ 4.81 5.51 6. 19 6.68 7.56 8.25 8.94 9.63 10.31 11.00
l1 J.( 2. 11 2.81 3.52 4.22 4.9: 5.63 6.33 7.03 7.73 8.44 9.14 9.84 1~.= 11.25
11 ~ 2,16 2.88 3.59 4.31 5.03 5.75 6.47 7.19 7.91 8.63 9.34 10.06 10.7f 11.50
11 "" 2.20 2.94 3.67 4.41 5.14 5.68 6.61 7.34 8.06 8.81 9.!;!; 10.28 11.02 11.75
12 2.25 3,00 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.0! 6.75 7.5j 8.25 9.00 9.75 10.50 11.2!: 12.00
127S 2.304 3.13 3.91 4.69 5.47 6.25 7.03 7.81 8.59 9.38 10.16 10.94 11.n 12.50
13 2.44 3.25 4.06 4.88 5.69 6.50 7.31 8.13 8.94 9.7510.56 11.38 12.19 I ~.~
13j.i 2.53 3.38 4.22 5.06 5.91 6.75 7.59 8.44 9.28 10.13 10.97 11.81 12.66 13.50
14 2.63 3.50 4.38 5.25 6.13 7.0( 7.88 8.75 9.63 10.50 11.38 12.25 13.13 14.00
16N 3.09 4.13 5.16 6.19 7.r. 8.25 9.28 10.31 11.34 12.38 13.41 14.44 15.47 16.50
17 3.19 4.25 5.31 6.38 7.44 8.50 9.56 10.63 11.69 12.75 13.81 14.88 15.94 17.00
17 YS 3.28 4.38 5.47 6.56 7.66 8.75 9.&4 10.94 12.03 13.13 14.22 15.31 16.41 17.50
18 3.38 4.50 5.63 6.75 7.88 9.0 10.13 11.25 12.38 13.5 14.63 15.75 16.88 18.00
18}i 3.47 4.63 5.78 6.94 8.09 ~.~ 10.41 11.56 12.72 13.88 15.03 16.1 9 17.34 18.50
19 3.56 4.75 5.94 7.13 8.31 9.;) 10.6911.88 13.06 14.25 15.44 16.63 17.81 19.00
19 ~ 3.66 4.88 6.09 7.31 8.53 9.75 10.97 12.19 13.41 14.63 15.84 17.06 18.28 19.50
20 3.75 5.00 6.25 7.50 8.7 l.io 11.25 12.5 13.75 15.00 16.25 17.50 18.75 20.00
20 1,,: 3.&4 5. 13 6.41 7.69 8.9 10.2 11 .53 12.81 14.09 15.38 1~.~ 17.94 1~.~ 20.50
21 3.94 5.25 6.56 7.88 9.1 10.~ 11.81 13.13 14.44 15.75 17.VI: 18.38 19.69 21.00
21 J.i 4.03 5.38 6.72 ~.? 9.41 , ~.~ 12.09 13.44 14.7 16.13 17.47 18.81 20.16 21.50
22 4.13 5.50 6.88 8.2 9.63 11 .... 12.38 13.75 15.13 16.50 17.88 19.25 20.63 22.00
22~ 4.22 5.63 7.03 8.44 9.84 11.25 12.66 14.06 15.47 16.88 18.28 19.69 21.09 22.50
23 4.31 5.75 7.19 8.63 10.06 11.51 12.94 14.38 15.81 17.25 18.6920.1321.56 23.00
23J,i 4.41 5.88 7.34 8.8t 1~.~ 11.75 13.22 14.69 16.16 17.63 19.09 '20.56 22.03 23.50
24 4.50 6.00 7.50 9.00 10..... 12.00 13.50 15.00 16.50 18.00 19.50 21.00 22.50 24.00
25 4.69 6.25 7.81 9.38 10.94 12.5j 14.06 15.63 17.19 18.75 20.31 21.88 23.44 25.00
26 4.88 6.50 8.13 9.7511.38 13.00 14.63 16.25 17.88 19.50 21.13 22.75 24.38 26.00
27 5.06 6.75 8.44 10.13 11.81 13.50 15.19 ,~.~ 18.56 20.25 21.94 2~.~ 25.31 27.00
28 5.25 7.00 8.75 10.50 12.25 14.00 15.7 17.00 19.25 21.00 22.75 24.0<. 26.2 28.00
29 5.44 7.25 9.06 10.88 12.6 ,!.~ ,~.!~ 18.13 19.94 21.75 23.51: 2:.~ 27.19 29.00
30 5.63 7.50 9.38 11.25 13.13 ,~.~ 16.0< 18.75 20.63 22.50 24.38 26.;.:: 28.13 30.00
31 5.81 7.75 9.69 11.63 13.56 15.0<. 17.44 19.38 21.31 23.25 25.19 2~.~3 29.06 31.00
32 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 2-i.00 26.00 28.lII 30.00 32.00
33 6.19 8.25 10.31 12.38 14.44 16.50 18.56 20.63 22.69 24.75 26.81 28.88 30.94 33.OC
34 6.38 8.50 10.63 12.75 14.88 17.00 19.13 21.25 23.38 25.50 27.63 29.75 31.88 34.00
35 6.56 8.75 10.94 13.13 15.31 17.50 19.69 21.88 24.06 26.25 28.4 30.63 32.81 35.00
36 6.75 9.00 11.25 13.SO 15.75 18.00 20.25 22.s! 24.7527.OC 29.2531.51 33.7536.00
37 6.94 9.2511.56 13.88 16.19 18.50 20.81 23.13 25.44 2~.~5 30.06 32.38 34.69 37.00
38 7.13 9.50 11.88 14.25 16.63 19.00 21.38 23.75 26.13 28 .... 30.88 33.2 35.6338,00
39 7.31 9.75 12.19 14.63 17.06 19.50 21.94 24.38 26.81 29.25 31.69 34,1 3 36.56 39.00
.
40 7.50 10.00 12.50
15.38 17.94 20.50 23.06 25.63 28.19 30.75 33.31 35.88 38.44 41.00
..
42
43
7.88 10.50
8.06 10.75
8.2511.00
13.13
13.44
13.75
15.75
16.13
16.50
18.38
18.81
19.25
21.00
21.50
22.00
23.63
24.19
24.75
26.25
26.88
27.50
28.88
29.56
30.25
31.50
32.25
33.00
34.13 36.75
34.94 37.63
35.7538.50
39.38
40.31
41.25
42.00
43.00
44.00
..
45
47
8.44
8.63
8.81
9.00
11.25
11.50
11.75
12.00
14.06
14.38
14.69
15.0()
16.88
17.25
17.63
18.00
19.69
20.13
20.56
21.00
22.50
23.00
23.50
24.00
25.31
25.88
26.44
27.00
28.13
28.75
29.38
30.00
30.94
31.63
32.31
33.00
~.~? 36.56 39.38 42.19
34 ...... 37.38 40.25 43.13
35.2538.1941.1344.06
38.00 39.00 42.CX 45.00
45.CK
46.00
47.00
48.00
49 9.19 12.25 15.31 18.38 21.44 24.50 27.56 30.63 33.69 36.75 39.81 42.88 45.94 49.00
50 9.38 12.50 15.63 18.75 21.88 25.00 28.13 31.25 34.38 37.50 40.63 43.75 46.88 50.00
51 9.56 12.75 15.94 19.1322.31 25.50 28.69 31.88 35.06 38.25 41.44 44.63 47.81 51.00
52 9.75 13.00 16.25 19.50 22.75 26.00 29.25 32.50 35.75 39.CX 42.25 45.S< 48.75 52.00
9.94 13.25 16.56 19.88 23.19 26.50 29.81 33.13 36.44 39.75 43.06 46.38 49.69 53.00
"
.
54
"
10.13
10.31
10.50
13.50
13.75
14.00
16.88
17.19
17.50
20.25
20.63
21.00
23.63
24.06
24.50
27.00
27.50
28.00
30.38
30.94
31.50
33.75
34.38
35.00
37.13
37.81
38.50
40.50
4 1.25
42.00
43.88
44.69
45.50
47.25
48.13
49.00
50.63
51.56
52.50
54.00
55.00
56.00
.""
60
10.69
10.88
11.06
11.25
14.25
14.50
14.75
15.00
17.81
18.13
18.44
18.75
21.38
21.75
22.13
22.50
24.94
25.38
25.81
26.25
28.50
29.00
29.50
30.00
32.06
32.63
33.19
33.75
35.63
36.2
36.88
37.50
39.19
39.88
40.56
41.25
42.75
43.50
44.25
45.00
46.31
47.13
47.94
48.75
49.88
50.75
51.63
52.50
53.44 57.CX
54.38 58.00
55.31 59.?<
56.25 sa.ix
61 11.44 15.25 19.06 22.88 26.69 30.50 34.31 38.13 41.94 45.75 49.56 53.38 57. 19 6~.~
62 11.63 15.50 19.38 23.25 27.13 31.~ 34.88 38.75 42.63 46.50 50.38 54.25 58.13 6~.?<
63 \l .81 15.75 19.69 23.63 27.56 3:.;:? ~.~ 39.38 43.31 4~.~ 51.19 55.13 59.06 63.CX
54 12.OC 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.", 36....... 40.00 44.00 48.", 52.00 56.00 60.00 64.00
65 12.19 16.25 20.31 24.38 28.44 32.50 36.56 40.63 44.69 48.75 52.81 56.88 60.94 65.00
66 12.38 16.50 20.63 24.75 28.88 33.00 37.13 41.25 45.38 4~.~ 53.63 57.75 61.88 66.00
67 12.56 16.75 20.94 25.13 29.31 33.50 37.69 41.88 46.06 50.25 54.44 58.63 62.81 67.00
68 12.75 17.00 21.25 25.50 29.75 34.00 38.25 42.50 46.75 51.00 55.25 59.50 63.75 68.00
69 12.94 17.25 21.56 25.88 30.19 34.50 38.81 43.13 47.44 51.75 56.06 60.38 64.69 69.00
70 13.13 17.50 2\.88 26.25 30.63 35.00 39.38 43.75 48.13 52.S< 56.88 6 1.25 65.63 70.00
71 13.31 17.75 22.19 26.63 31.06 35:S< 39.94 44.38 48.81 53.25 57.69 62.13 66.56 71.00
n 13.50 18.0( 22.50 27.00 31.50 36.00 40.50 45.00 49.50 54.0( 58.S(] 63.0( 67.& noo
"',.
~ ~ J( Iii II lfo )! ~2iJ 'lfo J( 'Iii I~ 'Iii
73 13.69 18. 22.81 27.38 31.94 36. <41 . 45.63 50.1 54.7 !:i9.3' ~.~ 68. 73.
74 13.88 18. 23.13 27.75 32 37.00 <u. 46.:25 SO. 55. 60.1 64.?~ 69. 7-4.
75 14.06 18.75 23.~ 28.13 32.81 37.50 42.19 46.~ 51. 56.2 60. 65.~ 70.31 75.
76
n 14.44 19.25 24.06 28.88 33.69 38. 43.31 48.13152. 57.75; 52.56! 67.38 72.1 n.
78 14.63 19. 24.38 29.25 34.13 39. 43.88 48.75 53.63 58.SO: 63.38j 68.251 73.1 78.
1
79 14.81 19.75 24.69 29.63 34. 39. ~ .44 49.38 54.31 59.25 64.19 69.13 74. 79.
80 15.00 20. 25. 30. 35. 40.00 45.00 50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 SO.
I 60.75
81 15.19 20.25 25.31 30.38 35.44 40. 45.56 50.63 55.S 1 65.8~ 70.88 75.
82 15.38 20. 25.63 30.75 35.88 41.00 46.13 51. 56. 61.501 66. 71.75 76.
B3 15.56 20.75 25.94 31.13 36.31 41.50 46.69' 51. 57. 62.25 67. 72.63 n.B'
1 1
84 15.75 21. 26.25 31.50 36.75 42.00 47.25 52. 57.7 63.00 68.25 73.50 78.7
1
85 15.94 21. 26.56 31.88 37.1942. 47.81 53.1 58. 63.75 69.06" 74.38 79.6 85.
86 16.13 21 .50 26. 32. 37.63 43. 48.~ 53.7 59.1 64.50 69.001 75.25 80. 86.
87 16.31 21.75 27.19 32.63 38.06 43. 48.94 M. 59.81 65.~ 70.6~ 76.13 81.
1
88 16.50 22.00 27. 33. 38. 44. 49.50 55. SO. 66'~od 71'~ n.oo 82.
89 16.69 22.25 27.81 33.38 38.94 44. 50 06~ 55 61.1 66.7 12.31 n. 83.
90 16.88 22.50 28. 13 3375 39.38 45. 5063 56.2 61. 67. 73.1 78.7 84.
91 __ ...... 22.75 28.44 34.13 39.81 45. 51.1 56. 62. 68.2 73. 79. 85.31
92 _ ...... 2300 28.75 34.50 40.25 46. 51.7 57. 63.2 69. 74.7580. 86.
93 29.06 34.
94 52. 58.7 64. 70. 76. 82.25 88'~'3 94.
95 53.4459. 65.31 71.25 n.l 83.1 89. 95.
96 42.00 48.00 54.00 60. 66. 12.00 78. I 84. 90. 96.
98
100
1
55.13 61.251 67.38~
56.~ 62.~ 68.7 75.
73.3
19.63
81.25
85.7
87.
91. 98.
93.75100.
102 57.~63.751 70.1_1 76. 82.88 89. 95.63!,02.
104 58.50 65.00 71.50" 78.00 84.50 91. 97.5alO4.
106
108
._......
_ ......
26.50
27.00
33.13
33.7
39.75
40.
46.38 53.00
47.2554.00
59.
60.7
1
66.25 12.88
67'~74'581.
79'~ 86.13 92.7~ 99'38~ll06'
87.7~ 94.50 '01.2 108.
110 ...... _... 27.50 34.38 41.25 48.13 55.00 61. 68.7 75.63 82. 89.~ 96.251'03.1 110.
1
112 .. __ .... 28.00 35. 42. 49. 56.00 63. 70. 177. 84. 91.~ 98.,105. 1"2.
11 4 ___ .. 28.50 35.63 42.75 49. 57.00 64.1 71.~ 78. 85.~ 92.63 99.7~ 106.881 114.
116 __ .... 29.00 36.25 43.50 SO.75 58.00 65. n.~ 79.7~ 81.00; 94.251 '01.so'108.7~116.
118 .__ .... 29. 36.88 44. 51.63 59. 66. 73.7~ 81.1 ~ 88.~ 95.88103.25110.63 118.
1
120 ._,_ 30. 37. 45. 52. 60.00 67'~75'00~82'SOI 9()'] 97.501 '05.00'12.~'20.
122 .......... 30.SO 38.13 45.75 53.38 61.00 68. 76.2 83.~ 91.501 99.13 ">6.75114. 122.
1
124 .......... 31.00 38.75 46.50 54.25 62.00 69.7 77. j 85.2:'j 93.00!,oo.75108.501"6.2;1'24.
126 .. __ .... 31.50 39.38 47.25 55.13 63.00 70. 78.7~86.63i 94.50 102.38t "0.25118. 1 ~ 126.
128 _. _ ___ 32.00 40.00 48. 56.00 64. 72.00 80., 88.00; 96.00 '04.00 "2.00 '20.,128.
1 1 1 1
AME; .... CAN INST'TUTE 01'" STUL CONST"UCTION
82
When a simply supported beam is designed to carry a uniform load per lineal foot
over its full Jcngth. or a single concentrated load at mid-span. the required beam may
bes t be selected by reference to the tables of allowable loads on beams, pages 175 to
195: particularly since those tables show the shear capacity and the necessary end
a::mnect ions or end bearings.
In all other cases it is convenient to calculate the required Section Modulus and ,
knowing thi!. to select the beam from the table which follows on pages 54 and 85.
This table includes wide-flange beams, standard beams and channels, light beams
rolled on wide flange mills. and other miscellaneous beams, all in the" Regular Series " .
pages 12 to 55.
The following symbols arc used:
I _ American Standard I Beams Rolled by al l structural mills.
U - American Standard Channels Rolled by all structural mills.
w: - Wide Flange Beams Rolled only by Bethlehem Steel Compan y
and Ca rnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation.
B - Miscellaneous Beams Rolled by Bethlehem Steel Company or
Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation.
M - Miscellaneous Beams Rolled by Carnegie-Illinois Steel Cor-
poration, Phoenix Jron Company, or
Inland Steel Company,
Jr - Junior Beams and Channels Rolled by Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
The method of using the table is as {OIlOW1:
Find, in the column headed "Section Modulus", the value equal to, or next larger
t han, the Section Modulus required.
The beam opposite this va lue, in the adjoining column, and all beams above it.
have a sufficient Section Modulus.
If the fll1lt (lowest) of these appcan in bold-faced type. it is the lightest beam
tha t will lICrve. Otherwise. the first beam highe r up. tha t appears in bold·faced type.
is the lightest beam that will serve.
If c:ondilions require that the beam must not exceed a certain depth. proceed up
the column un til a beam within the required depth is reached. (Check to Bet: that no
lighter beam of the same depth appean higher up.)
EXAMPLE: Required, a beam wilh Section ~todulus not less than 250 in,'.
TIle nex t higher section modulus tabulated is 250.9. T his corresponds to 24 I 120.
Ho\\oever, this beam is not in bold·face. The first higher beam in bold·face is
27 \/oF 102.
I. If 27 in. is not too deep, use 27 \/oF 102.
2. If 27 in. is too deep but 24 in. will do, use 24 \/oF 110.
3. If a still shallower beam is required, there will be found, proceeding upward
from the starting poin t , 21 \/oF 127 but nothing shallower than 21 in.
A check should be made for web capacity in shear. Al!lO proper provision must be
made in ca!l!S of eccentricity or other special conditions of loading.
It is assumed in t his table that the beam is to be supported laterally. Otherwise
consult the. text and charts for lat erally unsupported beams, pages 202 to 206.
Sect ion
"""'"
Modulu. "'.~
Section
Modulltl
Shape
Mod"l", '"-
1105.1 36 V'F 300 220.9 "W' 9. 98.2 18 '* 55
1031 .2 36 VIF 280 220.1 18 '/oF 114 97.5 12 W 72
951.1 36 IN' 260 216.0 14 W" 136 94.1 16 YIF 58
892.5 36 W 245 202.2 18Wt05 92.2 14 \/IF 61
202.0 14Wl27
'*
.
835.5 lli 230 197.6 21 IN' 96 89.0 18 W' 50
811.1 33 w: 240 197.6 24 I 100 88.. \8 I 54.7
88.0 12W65
740.6 31 W' 220 196.3 2"" 86.1 lOWn
189.4 14W 119
669.6 33 W 200 185.8 24 I 90 SO.7 1& 'IF SO
184.4 \8 IN' 96 SO.l 10 \IF 72
663.6 36 ." 1'" 182.5 12 W 133 78.1 12 W" 58
649.9 30 W210 176.3 l4VlF111 77.8 14W53
74.5 18 U 58
24W' 10 W 66
621.2
586.1
36 W 182
30 VIF 190
175.4
173.9
168.0
24 I
21 IN' 82
"
79.9
73.7
72.4 16 W' 45
579.1 36 Vl' 170 166.1 16 IN' 96 70.7 12 w: 53
163.6 14 W 103 70.2 1411F48
541.0 36 W' 160 163.4 12 '/oF 120 69.1 18 U 51.9
528.2 30 \IF 172 160.0 20 I 95 67.' lOW60
156.1 18 IN' 85 64.7 12 V'F 50
502.9 36 W 150 151.3 16 IN' 88
492.8 27 w: 177 64.' 16 W' 40
486.4 33 \/oF 152 150.7 21W' n 64.2 15 I 50
150.6 "IN' 95 63.7 18 U 45.8
446.8 33:W141 150.2 20 I 85 62.7 14W43
444.5 27 \/oF 160 144.5 12 \/oF 106 61.0 18 U 42.7
413.5 24 W 160 141.7 18 IN' 77 GO.' 10W54
GO.. aW67
w: 130 21W' 15 I 42.9
"
..
404.8 33 139.9 58.'
402.9 'Z7 '/oF 145 138.1 "IN' 87 58.2 12 '/oF 45
379.7 30 '/oF 132 134.7 12 IN' 99
372.5 24 '/oF 145 130.9 "IN' 56.3 16 WI' 36
128.2 18 IN' 70 54.6 14 '/oF 38
354.6 30 w:124 127.8 16 IN' 78 54.6 10 '/oF 49
330.7 24 '/oF 130 53.6 15 u 50
126.4 21 W' 62 52.0 8 W" 58
327.9 30 W 116 126.3 20 I 75 51.9 12 '/oF 40
317.2 21 '/oF 142 126.3 10 '/oF 112 50.3 12 I 50
125.0 12 IN' 92 49.1 10 '/oF 45
299.2 30 w: 108 121.1 "IN' 78
299.2 27 '/oF 114 117.0 18 IN' 64 48.5 14 WI' 34
299.1 24 '/oF 120 116.9 20 I 65.' 46.2 15 U 40
284.1 21 '/oF 127 115.9 16 IN' 7 1 45.9 12 '/oF 36
274.4 24 w:110 1 Hi.7 12 IN' 85 44.8 12 I 40.8
.
112.4 10 '/oF 100 43.2 81N''''
266.3 27 W 102 112.3 14 IN' 7. 42.2 10 '/oF 39
263.2 12 '/oF 190
250.9 24 I 120 107.8 ISW" 4 1.8 14 W' 30
249.6 21 '/oF 112 107.1 12 IN' 79 41.7 15 U 33.9
104.2 16 IN' 64 39.4 12 '/oF 31
248.9 24 W 100 103.0 14 IN' 68 37.8 12 I 35
101.9 18 I 70 36.0 12 I 31.8
242.8
234.3
"W- 9'
24 I 105.9
99.7 10 IN' 89 35.5
35.0
8 IN'40
10 'IF 33
222.2 12 '/oF 161
Soo;tlol1
M od~lu.
,'- So_ ......
Modu!ul
,. ~ ,,",~
....'"
Modu llll
"'- ""'~
-34.1 12 W' 27 2 1'4.8 12 B 14 2
---
7 .• 10 JI" 9 7
31.1
30 .•
8 "'35
10W29
2
2
14.2
14.1 • 1
8 w:
18A
17
1
2
7.•
7.7
8 B 10
7 u 14.75
2
1
29.2
28.9
27.4
1. I 35
8 M 34.3
8 l/IF 31
1
3
2
H .O
13.8
13.5
8 M
1. B
9 U
15
20
17 6
2
1
7.3
7.2
6.9
• I 12.5
6 B 12
7 U 12.25
1
2
1
26.9 12 U 30 1 13.4 10 U 15.3 1
13.4 6 "'20 2 6.5 10JI"Ua.4 7
26.' 10 W' 25 2 12.9 6 M 20 3 6 .• 7 U 9 .• 1
6 .• 5 I 14.75 1
25.3
24.'
12822
1. I 25.4
2
1
12.0
12.0
12 JI" U.B
7 I 20
7
1 •••
5.'
6 U 13
" W tJ
1
5
24.3
23.9
23.6
u 25
• "'28
12
10 M 25
2
1
6
11 .8
11.3
10.9
• U
9 B 15
15
8 U 18.75
2
1
1
5.2
5.1
5.•
"
6
6
M 13
B •. 5
U 10.5
•
2
1
22.' • M 28
6
10.5 u..
4 .• 5 I 1. 1
"8 2
21.7
21.5
10 M 21
10 W' 21
5
2
10.5
10.4
9 U
7 I
6 \IF
13A
15.3
15.5
1
1
2
4.7
•• •
8J,
10Jr U S.S
5 U • .2
••• 7
7
10.1 ' .3 1
10.1 5 B 16 2 ' .2 "WIQ 5
21.4 12 B 19 2 9.9 13 2 3.' . U 9 1
21.4
21.0
20 .•
12 U 20.7
8 M 24
8W24
1
5
2
9.9
9.5
SWIB.S
• B
S M 18.9
2
2
3.3
3 .• •
OU
I 9.'
5.7
1
1
3 .• 4 I 7.7 1
20.' 10 U 30 1 9.3 12JrUI0.G 7
18.8
18.1
10 B 19
10 U 25
2
1
9 .•
• .7
• .5
B U 13.75
6 I 17.25
SWIG
1
1
2
2.4
2.3
1.9
OJ,
4 U 7.25
,U 5.4
••• 7
1
1
•. 1 8 U 11.5 1 1.9 3 I 7.5 1
17.5 12 B 16.5 2 1.7 3 I 5.7 1
17.0 2 1.. 3 U 6 1
16.8 • "'20
6W25 2
' 6.2 1. B 17 2 1.2 3 U 5 1
16.0
15.7
15.7
• I 23
10 u 20
1
1
3
1.1 , U 4.1 1
15.2 ,• M 20
25 6
USE OF TABLES
FOR DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDERS
c. Req uired flange area (including .!1 web) -~~~~i.~ - 22.Q.1 sq. in .
.!1gross area of web _ 16 63 _ 2.n
6
Gross flange area required _ 19.27 sq. in.
Sect"", A
in.' .'m. A,'
ill, '
, 1o,
m. .".
in,'
' .
M lnlmum " -h 13.1 278'm.
pI .... - 4.73 - '
1/11
74
' a. __ .
nva•• VC<Inng on / 10
'''.'' p. 270
Minimum allowable pitch _ 3 rivet diameten - 2U in. Sect. 23(a)
Section is satisfactory.
Modification if design is based on net area.
Assuming that the bottom flange stress wil! 8ovem, and assuming that a trial
design has been similarly arrived at, but using only }i web area instead o( 7', then the
only change in the check calculations is as (oIlOl',s:
s.o;.", A
in .' .'
m.
A,'
in .' '.
in.-
llr.
in .'
I ntt
in.'
fTb i. may be obtained from tilt tabl es on pales 92, and 96, aa folIo ... : tnt~r. P!'.lIc 92 with d -
38.5-2.0 (from p . 96) _ 36.S. read-ine 666: 2 RngI"" ... ch /lanJ;e _ 19.46 X 666 - 12960.
Nota tion : A _ ...... , y _ d istance from nw tral u i. of the entire _tion to the centu of IV1Ivity
of the oompontn t beina: ron. idered. I . _ moment of inertia about 0..<1 u ;" 1 21". - moment of rncn..iJo
of IJOU IeCtion. I net _ moment of inertia o f net _tion.
d.
2 Cover Plates 14 X -26.26 I"
Flange .ectkm rurn ished - 2 Angles 6X£:d -2XII.OO-22.00 aq. in.
Sutioo A
in." .'m. A,'
,",, I.
in.'
I g••
in.-
"Deduction of 1.48 sq. in. in each f1ange_ 2 X 1.48 X 29.75' - 2620 in}
Effective Moment of Inertia
< __ . I . 500J X 12 3000 ·
.000;\"lon Modu us required - 20 - In ,-
Section is satisfactory.
"'"""
A
.'m. in.A, '' .I.,
in.' m.
I , r.
in.'
I net
in. '
lweb60xl ~
---
41.Z5
---
-
--- ---
- 12375 12375
- - - ---
p.91
4 angles8x6 X I 52.00 28.60 425361 155 42691 } 1l1518 p.96
4 COY. pl!J. 18 X I~ 5850 31.06 564521 - 56452
2 holes 1~ X 21" -<;.05 27.75 4659t - - }15695
4 holes l~ X 2 ~ - 11.81 30.56 ll036 t - -
Gross Area - 151.75 SQ. in. ; I gr _ 1l15J8in.4 I net - 95823 in.'
Section Modulus required .. 5OOO X I2 - 3000 in.'
ao
Section Modulus rurnished . ~ - 3006 in.-
Section is satisractory.
tSec nOlei under pre.v;ou. eumpl e ill UlI",!;"g the Iltrmative or uaina: the lalli... 01] pq:. 92 to 97
in obtainiRi theM valu ... ,
'Flanl'l' areo to be deducted i. us\lmed COC\OeIltnted I' the e..r . 0{ the out.slandlnrllanp Itp..
.-
- •
MOMENT OF INERTIA
.- ··-x
" OF ONE PLATE ABOUT AXIS X-X
To obtai n HI. moment o l ln.rti. for any thick " , .. of plate n ot n,tM! b, low,
~
multiply the v.'". t or. piau on, Inch thick b y the d ..lm thick" ....
.-
""'"
d
10 31.3
....'" ....
36.'
J.i
41.7
ThlckMu t, lnc:hu
lio
46.9
62.4
J.i
52.1
69.3
l(
62.5
83.2
72.9
97.1
83.3
110.9
1
"
12
13
41.6
".0
68.7
63.0
SO.1
72.0
91.5
81.0
103.0
go.O
"".4
108.0
137.3
126.0
160.2
144.0
183.1
14 85.8 100.0 114.3 128.6 142.9 171.5 200.1 228.7
...
47 3244.5
3456.0
3676.5
3785.2
4032.0
4289.3
4326.0
4608.0
4902.0
4866.7
5184.0
5514.8
5407.4
5760.0
6127.6
.....9
6912.0
7353.1
7570.4
.....0
8578.6
8651.9
921S.0
9804. 1
..
'2
53
4394.0
4652.4
4920.8
5126.3
5427.8
5740.9
AM . RICAN
6858.7
6203.2
6561.0
6591 .0
6978.6
738'.1
CONSTRUCTION
10253
10856
11482
11717
12406
13122
91
.--
- f-<
MOMENT OF INERTIA
><- ·_x
OF ON E PLATE ABOUT AX IS X- X
'''Y
To obt .. ln the mo .... "t of Inertl' for thlckne ... of "I"te not lilted below,
mu ltiply the val". for" plate one Inch thick by the dHl.,d thlckne ... L-
"."
d
,~ ... ~ l<o
"
Thick .....
'"
t. II'IChft
~ ji Ji 1
-x:3
Unll Aru
J A PAIR OF UNIT AREAS
ABOUT A X IS X - X
.,
d
'0
11
.0
'"
61 62
.2
63
.3
64
76
.. .
.4
65
n
.5
-51- -52- - -53- - - -55- -56- -57- -58- - -
78
.6
67
.7
68
.8
70
82
.9
"
71
83
'2
13
14
72
85
98
"
86
99
74
87 88 90 91
79
92
,07
81
94
'08
95
110
97
15 113 114
'0'
116
'02
117
'04
' 19
'05
'20 ' 22 '23 '25
"'
'26
'6
17
' 28
145
'30
146 ,,....
13' '33
'SO
13.
15'
'36
'53
,,,
' 38 '39
157
14 '
'58
143
'60
18 '62 '64 '67 '69 17' 173 175 m ' 79
19 18' 182 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98
20 200 202 204 206 208 2'0 2'2 214 2'6 218
2' 22' 223 225 227 229 231 233 235 238 240
22 242 2.... 246 249 251 253 255 258 260 262
23 265 267 269 271 27. 276 278 28' 283 286
2. 288 290 283 295 298 300 303 305 308 310
25 313 31. 318 320 323 325 328 330 333 335
26 338 34' 343 346 348 35' 354 356 359 362
370 373 375
27
28
385
392
367
395 398 400 403
378
406
38'
409
384
412
386
415 ""
418
29
30
31
421
..'SO,
423
4..
.26
4"
487
429
4"
490
432
46'
.93
435
465
.96
...
438
499
44'
471
444
"4
506
447
...
4n
...
484
". 525 "" 54'
... ...
32 .12 518 522 528 53' 535 538
33 648 55' 554 558 56' 564 568 571 .75
34 • 78 58' 592 595 598 602 606 609
35
36
37
613
648
685 ...
6'6
652
620
6"
692
623
559
6..
627
"2
699
...
530
703
63'
670
707
637
6"
711
64'
6n
714
644
68'
718
38 722 726 730 733 737 741 745 749 753 757
39 76' 764 768 m no 780 784 788 792 796
40 800 804 808 812 816 820 82' 828 832 836
41 84' 845 849 853 857 86' 865 869 874 878
42 882 886 890 895 899 903 907 912 "6 920
43 925 929 933 937 942 946 9SO 955 959 964
44
45
46
"49
,
968
...
1013
110S
972
'017
'063
1109
on
'022
'067
1114
98'
'026
1072
1119
986
1123
.
990
00' ,'035,
'1076
1128
995
'040
'086
1133
999
'044
'090
1138
1186
'004
'049
'095
1142
'008
'053
""
1147
48 1152
'20'
1157
'205
1162
1210 ""
1215
1171
'220
1176
'225
1181
1230 '235
11 9 1
'240 ""
1245
Copyriaht. Weiall:opf &: PIckworth.
AMIl.UCA N I NSTITUTE 01'" STEEL CONSTRUCTION
·3
ttroll .......
MOMENT OF INERTIA
OF x--~]~x •
A PAIR OF UNIT AREAS
ABOUT AX IS X-X
_&.J
~It""ea
d .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 •• - -•• -
50 1250 1255 1260 1265 1270 1275 1280 1285 1290 1295
51 1301 1306 1311 1316 1321 1326 1331 1336 1342 1347
52 1352 1357 1362 1368 1373 1378 1383 1389 1394 1399
53 1405 1410 1415 1420 1426 1431 1436 1442 1447 1453
54 1458 1463 1469 1474 1480 1485 1491 1496 1502 1507
55 1513 1518 1524 1529 1535 1540 1546 1551 1557 1562
56 156. 1574 1579 1585 1590 1596 1602 1607 1613 1619
57 1625 1630 1636 1642 1647 1653 1659 1665 1670 1676
58 1682 1688 1694 1699 1705 1711 1717 1723 1729 1735
59 1741 1746 1752 1758 1764 1770 1776 1782 1788 1794
60 1800 1806 1812 1818 1824 1830 1836 1842 184' 1654
61 1861 1867 1873 1879 1885 1891 1897 1903 1910 1916
62 1922 1928 1934 1941 1947 1953 1959 1986 1972 1978
63 1985 1991 1997 2003 2010 2016 2022 2029 2035 2042
64 204. 2064 2061 2067 2074 2060 2087 2093 2100 2106
65 '2113 2119 2126 2132 2139 2145 2152 2158 2165 2171
66 2178 2185 2191 2198 2204 2211 2218 2224 2231 2238
67 2245 2251 2258 2265 2271 2278 2285 2292 2298 2305
68 2312 2319 2326 2332 2339 2346 2353 2360 2367 2374
69 2381 2387 2394 2401 2408 2415 2422 2429 2436 2443
70 2450 2457 2464 2471 '2478 2485 2492 2499 2506 2513
71 2521 2528 2535 2542 2549 2556 2563 2570 2578 2585
72 2592 2599 2606 2614 2821 2628 2835 2643 2850 2857
73 2865 2872 2679 2886 2894 2701 2708 2716 2723 2731
74 2736 2745 2753 2760 2768 2775 2783 2790 2798 2805
75 2813 2820 2828 2835 2843 2850 2858 2865 2873 2880
76 2888 2896 2903 2911 2918 2928 2934 2941 2949 2957
n 2965 2972 2980 2988 2995 3003 3011 301. 3028 3034
7. 3042 3050 3058 3065 3073 3081 3089 3097 3105 3113
79 31'21 3128 3136 3144 3152 3160 3168 3176 3184 3192
80 3200 3208 3216 3224 3232 3240 3248 3256 3264 3272
at 3281 3289 3297 3305 3313 3321 3329 3337 3346 3354
82 3362 3370 3378 3387 3395 3403 3411 3420 3428 3436
83 3445 3453 3461 3469 3478 3486 3494 3503 3511 3520
84 3528 3536 3545 3553 3562 3570 3579 3587 3596 3604
85 3613 3621 3630 3638 3647 3655 3664 3672 3681 3689
86 3698 3707 3715 3724 3732 3741 3750 3758 3767 3n6
87 3785 3793 3802 3811 3819 3828 3837 3848 3654 3883
88 3872 3881 3890 3898 3907 3916 3925 3.34 3943 3952
89 3961 3969 3978 3987 3996 4005 4014 4023 4032 4041
Copyrllht, Weiskopf" Pickworth .
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE; OF STE;EI.. C ONST RUCTION
94
x-~J~x •
MOMENT OF
OF
INERTIA
-,.aJ
UnIIAte.
A PAIR OF UNIT AREAS
ABOUT A X IS X-X
-
d .0 .1 .2 .3
•• - - -.5 - - -.6 - - -.7 -
--
.8 .9
90 4OSO 4059 4068 4077 4086 4095 4104 4113 4122 4131
91 4141 41SO 4159 41 68 4177 4186 4195 4204 4214 4223
92 4232 4241 42SO 4260 4269 4278 4287 4297 4306 4315
93 4325 4334 4343 4352 4362 4371 4380 4390 4399 4409
94 4418 4427 4437 4446 4456 4465 4475 4484 4494 4503
95 4513 4522 4532 4541 4551 4560 4570 4579 4589 4598
96 4608 4618 4627 4637 4646 4656 4666 4675 4685 4695
97 4705 4714 4724 4734 4743 4753 4763 4773 4782 4792
98 4602 4812 4822 4831 4841 4851 4861 4871 4861 4891
99 4901 4910 4920 4930 49<0 4£150 4960 4970 4980 4990
100 5000 SOlO 5020 5030 50<0 5050 5060 S070 5080 5090
101 5101 5111 5121 5131 5141 515 1 5161 5171 5162 5192
102 5202 5212 5222 5233 5243 5253 5263 5274 5264 5294
103 5305 5315 5325 5335 5346 5358 5366 5377 5387 5398
104 5408 5418 5429 5439 54SO 5460 5471 5481 5492 5502
105 5513 5523 5534 5544 5555 5565 5576 5586 5597 5807
106 5618 5629 5639 5650 5660 5671 5662 5692 5703 5714
107 5no 5735 5746 5757 5767 5778 5789 5800 5810 5821
108 5832 5843 5854 5864 5875 5886 5897 5908 5919 5930
109 5941 5951 5962 5973 5984 5995 6006 6017 6028 6039
110 6050 6061 6072 6083 6094 6105 6116 6127 6138 6149
111 6161 6172 6183 6194 6205 6216 6227 6238 62SO 6261
112 6272 6283 6294 6306 6317 6328 6339 6351 6362 6373
113 6385 6396 6407 6418 6430 6441 6452 6464 6475 6487
114 6498 6509 6521 6532 6544 6555 6567 6578 6590 6601
115 6613 6624 5636 6647 6659 6670 6682 6693 6705 6716
116 6728 6740 6751 6763 6n< 6786 6798 6B09 6821 6833
117 6845 6856 6868 6880 6891 6903 6915 6927 6938 69SO
118 6962 6974 6986 6997 7009 7021 7033 7045 7057 7069
119 7081 7092 7104 7116 7128 7140 7152 7164 7176 7188
120 7200 7212 m4 7236 7248 7260 7272 7264 7296 7308
121 7321 7333 7345 7357 7369 7381 7393 7405 7418 7430
122 7442 7454 7466 7479 7491 7S03 7515 7528 7540 7552
123 7565 7577 7589 7601 7614 7626 7638 7651 7663 7676
12. 7688 7700 nt3 7725 n38 nso 7763 7775 7788 7800
125 7813 7825 7838 7850 7863 7875 7888 7900 7913 7925
126 7938 7951 7963 7976 7988 8001 801. 8026 8039 8052
127 8065 son 8090 .'03 8115 8128 8141 8154 8166 8 179
128 8192 8205 8218 8230 8243 8256 6269 8282 8295 8308
129 8321 8333 8346 8359 8372 8385 8398 8411 8424 8437
Copyn,hl . WeiftkOp( & Pick .. orth.
AM E RI C AN IN ST IT U TE O F" STEE L CO N S TR UCT ION
95
GROSS AREA
Plate Width,
,~-
J(
'" '" '"
)i .. '" Plale Thlcltne .. , Inchel
-- - - -- - - -- - - --I - - -
9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0
'," J( 'lio )i '," 1 ,,,, - -
l J(
..
18
16
12
10
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
5.6
...
5.0
3.7
3.1
6.7 7.9 9.0 10.1 11.2 12.4 13.5
6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
3.7 ...
5.2 6. 1 7.0 7.9 8.7 9.6 10.5
4.5 5.2 6.0 6.7 7.5 8.2 9.0
5.0 5.6 6.2 6.9 7.5
14.6 15.8 16.9
13.0 14.0 15.0
18.0 20.3 22.5
16.0 18.0 20.0
11.4 12.2 13.1 14.0 15.7 17.5
9.7 10.5 11.2 12.0 13.5 15.0
8.1 8.7 9.' 10.0 11.2 12.5
8 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 ' .0 '.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 9.0 10.0
NET AREA
T WO R I VET HOLES DEDUCTED
R i~t
DI.m.
'0.
-- -
Plale
Width
'0.
-
I
J( .~
-- - - -- -- '" '"
)i .
---
Plale Thicm.e.. InchM
)j %
-
J( ',,"
-- --
)i % 1
'' lJ(
16 3.6 '.5 5.3 6.2 7.1 8.0 8.9 9.8 10.7 11.6 12.5 13.4 14.2 16.0 17.8
14 3.1 3.8 4.6 5A 6.1 6.9 7.7 8A '.2 10.0 10.7 11 .5 12.2 13.8 15.3
3;4 12
10
2.6
2.1
3.2
2.'
3.8
3.1
'.5
3.6
5.1
'.1
5.8
'.6
6.4
5.2
7.0 7.7 8.3 9.0 9.6 10.2 11.5 12.8
5.7 6.2 6.7 7.2 7.7 8.2 9.3 10.3
8 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.' 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.9 6.2 7.0 7.8
18 '.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 " .0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 20.0
16 3.5 5.2 6.1 7.0 7.' 8.7 9.6 10.5 11.4 12.2
,.•
'.4 13.1 14.0 15.7 17.5
14 3.0 3.7 ' .5 5.2 6.0 6.7 7.5 8.2 '.0 9.7 10.5 11.2 12.0 13.5 15.0
1's 12
10
2.5
2.0
3.1
2.5
3.7 4.4
3.0 3.5
5.0 5.6 6.2 6.9 7.5 8.1 8.7
'.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
10.0 11.2 12.5
8.0 9.0 10.0
8 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.7 '.1 '.5 '.9 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.7 7.5
6.2 7A 8.6
•., '.9 11.1 12.3 13.6 14.8
22 '.9 16.0 17.3 18.5 19.7 22.2 24.7
20 .A 5.5 6.7 7.8 8.9 10.0 11.1 12.2 13.3 14.4 15.5 16.6 17.7 20.0 22.2
18 3.' 5.9 6.9 7.9 8.9 '.8 10.8 11.8 12.8 13.8 14.8 15.7 17.7 19.7
1 16 3.4 '.3 5.2 6.0 6.' 7.7 8.6 9.5 10.3 11.2 12.0 12.9 13.7 15.5 17.2
2.9 3.7 'A 5.1 5.9 6.6 7.3 8.1 8.8 9.5
" 2A 3.0 3.7 4.3
10.3 11.0 11.7 13.2 14.7
,.•
12 '.9 5.5 6.1 6.7 7.3 7.9 8.5 9.1 9.7 11.0 12.2
5A 6.7 8.1
"
22
20
4.9
4A
6.1
5.5
7.3
6.6
8.5
7.7
10.7 12.1 13.4 14.8
9.7 11.0 12.2 13.4
8.7 9.8 10.9 12.0
16. 1
14.6
13.1
17.5
15.8
14.2
18.8
17.1
15 .3
20.2 21.5 24.2 26.'
18.3
16.4
19.5 21.9 24.4
17.5 19.7 21.9
IVS 18 3.9 '.8 5.8 6.8 7.7 8.7 9.7 10.7 11.6 12.6 13.6 14.5 15.5 17.4 19.4
16 3A '.2 5.1 5.' 6.7 7.6 8.' 9.3 10.1 11.0 11 .8 12.7 13.5 15.2 16.9
3.6 5.0 5.7
" 2.'
5.3 6.6
'.3 6.5 7.2 7.9 8.6 9.3 10.1 10.8 1 1.5 12.9 14 .4
114
"
22
20
4.8 6.0
4.3 5.4
8.0
7.2
6.5
'.3 10 .6 12.0 13.3 14 .6 15.9 17.3
8.' 9.6 10.8 12.0 13.2 14.4 15.6
7.5 8.6 9.7 10.8 11.9 12.9 14.0
18.6
16.8
15.1
19.9
18.0
16.2
21.2
19.2
17.2
23.9
21.7
19.4
26.6
24.1
21.6
18 3.8 4.8 5.7 6.7 7.6 8.6 9.5 10.5 11.4 12.4 13.3 14.3 15.2 17.2 19. 1
16 3.3 4.1 5.0 5.8 6.6 7.5 8.3 9.1 9.9 10.8 11 .6 12.4 13.2 14.9 16.6
Diameter of Hole I. assumed J.i in. [IlriU than Nominal Diamctn of Rivet.
AMERICAN INST IT UTE OF S T EEL CONSTR U C TI ON
96
Size
Thick_
T =*r,.
--
'".
,~ " "".
1_ 4 La
.
.
In.' In.' In.'
..""
)i
18.38
15.46
14.00
12.50
304
Z60
236
'13
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.6
38
33
30
28
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
m
8>8
'"
1
)i
33.46
30.00
26.46
356
318
'.8
'.7
4.6
..""
)i
".88
19.22
17.36
15.50
V9
'38
,,6
195
4.6
'.5
• .4
• .4
8,6 1 >6.00 323 5.3 155 3.3
;: ".96
19.88
Z88
'54
5.'
5.1
140
123
3.2
3.1
~ 16.72
15.12
,,6
197
5.0
5.0
105
96
3.0
,,..••
3.0
It 13.50 In '.9 87
8,. 1
;:
11.86
".00
19.46
16.88
157
VB
'49
'19
•••
6. 1
6.0
5.9
."
n
38
'.1
'.0
1.'
It 14.22
12.86
187
171
5.8
5.8
32
30
1.8
1.8
1.7
It 11.50
10.12
154
136
5.7
5.7
27
" 1.7
.."
7"
15.38 151 5.0 36 '.0
12.96 130 ' .9 31 1.9
Il
11.74
10.50
118
107 •••
' .8 ,." 1.9
1.8
~
9.24
7.96
95
82
4.8
'.7
,.
23 1.8
1.7
~
19.46 128 3.6
16.88 113 3.6
It 14.22
12.86
97
88
3.5
3.4
~
11.50 80 3.4
10.12 71 3.3
8.72 62 3.3
-
TWO ANGLES-NET AREA
2 Ho'''o..t 4 Ho'''o...
-- '". "'" Ji" 1" l }i" ~" Ji" 1" l}i" U"" ~ ~ 1 }i"
h' 1 22.25 22.00 21.75 21.50 20.50 20.00 19.50 19.00 18.75 18.00 17.25 16.50
~
19.69 19.47 19.25 19.03 18.16 17.72 17.28 16.84 16.63 15.97 15.31 14.66
17.07 16.88 16.69 16.50 15.75 15.38 15.00 14.63 14.44 13.88 13.32 12.76
Itli 14.37
13.02
11.62
14.21
12.88
11.50
14.05
12.73
11.37
13.90
12.59
11.25
13.27
12.03
10.75
12.96
11.75
10.50
12.65
11.47
10.25
12.33
11.19
10.00
12.18 11.71 11.24 10.77
11.05 10.62 10.20 9.78
9.68 9.50 9.12 8.75
". l)i
1
)i
31.49 31.21
28.25
24.93
28.00
24.71
30.93
27.75
24.49
30.65
27.50
24.27
29.52
26.50
23.40
28.96
26.00
22.96
28.40
25.50
22.52
27.83
25.00
22.08
27.55
24.75
21.86
26.71
24.00
21.21
25.86
23.25
20.56
25.02
22.50
19.90
It"li
2 1.57 21.38 2 1.19 21.00 20.25 19.88 19.50 19.13 18.94 18.38 17.82 17.25
18.13 17.97 17.81 17.66 17.03 16.72 16.41 16.09 15.94 15.47 15.00 14.53
16.38 16.23 16.09 15.95 15.39 15.11 14.83 14.55 1<4.41 13.99 13.57 13.15
14.62 14.50 14.37 14.25 13.75 13.50 13.25 13.00 12.87 12.50 12.13 11 .75
..It"
)i
18.57
15.63
18.38
15.47
18.19
15.31
18.00
15.16
17.25
14.53
16.88
14.22
16.50
13.91
16.13
13.59
15.94
13.44
15.38
12.97
14.82 1<4.25
12.50 12.03
.
14.14 13.99 13.85 13.71 13.15 12.87 12.59 12.31 12.17 11.75 11.32 10.90
12.62 12.50 12.37 12.25 11.75 11.50 11.25 11.00 10.87 10.50 10.13 9.75
11.09 10.98 10.88 10.n 10.33 10.11 9.89 9.67 9.56 9.24 8.91 '.58
,, 1 20.25 20.00 19.75 19.50 18.50 18.00 17.50 17.00 16.75 16.00 15.25 14.50
..It~
17.93 17.71 17.49 17.27 16.40 15.96 15.52 15.08 14.86 14.21 13.56 12.90
15.57 15.38 15.19 15.00 14.25 13.88 13.50 13.13 12.94 12.38 11.82 11.25
~ 13.13 12.97 12.81 12.66 12.03 11.72 11.41 11.10 10.94 10.47 10.00 9.53
11 .88 11.73 11 .59 11.45 10.89 10.61 10.33 10.05 9.90 9.50 9.09 '.64
10.62 10.50 10.37 10.25 9.75 9.50 9.25 9.00 8.87 ' .50 8.13 7.75
9.35 9.24 9.14 9.03 8.59 8.37 8.15 7.93 7.83 7.50 7.18 '.84
7" )i 16.19 15.97 15.75 15.53 14.66 14.22 13.78 13.34 13.13 12.47 . ... _-_ ._--_ .
13.50 12.75 12.38 12.00 11.63 11.44 10.88 ._--_. ._-_ ...
"
)i
14.07
11.89
13.88
11.73
13.69
11 .57 11.42 10.79 10.48 10.15 9.84 9.70 9.23 ._--_. ._--_ .
..
~
)i
10.76 10.61
9.62 9.50
8.47 8.36
7.32 7.23
10.47
9.37
'.26
7.14
10.33 9.n 9.49 9.21 8.93 8.78 '.38 ----.
9.25 8.75 '.50 8.25 •.00 7.87 7.50 .
8.15 7.71 7.49 7.'ll 7.05 6.95 6.62 ._--_.
7.04 6.67 6.48 '.'ll '.08 6.01 5.73 ----.
.
._--_ ._--_
.
._--_ .
.
._--_ .
.---- .
,,' 1
)i
20.25 20.00 19.75 19.50 18.50 18.00 17.50 17.00 16.75 16.00 ._-_.
._-_.
.---_ .
._--_ .
....
17.93 17.71 17.49 17.27 16.40 15.96 15.52 15.08 14.87 14.21
~
15.57 15.38 15.19 15.00 14.25 13.88 13.50 13.13 12.94 12.38 _--_. --_.
.
._--_ .
13.1 3 12.97 12.81 12.66 12.03 11.72 11.41 11 .09 10.94 10.47 .---_ .
li
11 .88
10.62
11 .73
10.50
11.59
10.37
11 .45
10.25
10.89
9.75
10.61
9.50
10.33
9.25
10.05
9.00
9.91
8.87
9.49
'.50
._--_.--_.
._--_ .
._--_ .
9.35
' .06
9.24 9.14 9.03 8.59 8.37 8.15 7.93 7.82 7.50 ._--_.
._--_.
.--- ...
._--- .
)i 7.97 7.68 7.78 7.41 7.22 7.03 '.84 6.75 6.47
~F W
Thkk.
'd ,- GROSS ARQ.
1_ 4 t... 1_4 Lt
I,. In.' I,' "." '"
"
"
6,. 111 2.2
~
15.96 '.2 39
13.88 98 '.2 3. 2.2
~~
11.72 84 '.1 3. 2. 1
\0.62
9.50
T7
7'
•••
•••
28
2.
2.'
2.'
8.36 62 3.9 22 1.9
7.22 54 3.9 20 1.,
'd 3.1
~
..'"
15.96 71
13.88 63 3.'
~
11.72 54 3.'
'.50 2.'
8.36 2.8
7.22 35 2.8
6x3 Yl )i '.00 66 '.2 17 1.7
6." 52 ' .1 13 1.6
1£ 5.7<4 11
..
44 4.' 1.'
22
~
5x3h 11 .62 56 3.' 2.'
,." 3.' 19 1.'
8.00
7.06
6.10
40
36
31
3.3
3.3
3.2
,.
16
13
1.8
1.8
1.7
5.12 26 3.2 11 1.7
."
..
7.50 38 10
~
3.' 1.'
5.72 30 3.4 8 1.4
'.89 2. 3.4 7 1.4
, li 10.88 31 2.'
'.22 27 2.'
x 3~
i 7.50
6.62
5.72
'.89
8.60
22
20
18
15
26
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.6 18 2.1
i
<4
• 7.00 21 2.' 1. 2.'
6.18
5.34
19
17
2.'
2.4
2.4
"
12
10
2.'
1.,
1.,
'.50
7.96
"
24 2.7 12 1.7
~ ,
"3
6.50 20 2.7 10 1.7
5.74 18 2.6 1.6
'.96 I ,.
16 2.6 8 1.6
~I
4.18 2.' 7 1..
3.38 11 2.' 6 1.5
81 ••
- ~r= =,r lF~
Thick-
...
RIVETS RIVETS RIVETS
.lL. w
- '".
-- "" Ji'/ 1" 1 ).in W' ~"
f-"-
1" IU" 1"
--- ..-_.
l )i"
~
14.43 14.21 13.99 13.77 12.90 12.46 12.02 11.58 11.37 ------ .
12.57 12.38 12.19 12.00 11 .25 10.88 10.50 10.13 9.94 _. _.---- _ _ ow.
10.63 10.47 10.31 10.16 9.53 9.22 8.91 8.60 8.44 ----- ._-_. --_.
S
!Ii
9.64 9.49 9.35 9.21 8.65 8.37 8.09 7.81 7.67
8.62 8.50 8.37 8.25 7.75 7.50 7.25 7.00 6.88
7.59 7.48 7.38 7.27 6.83 6.61 6.39 6,17 6.06
----
------
._---,
._---- ..----
_.---
.----- ----_.
0 __ - - -
li •.56 6.47 6.38 6.28 5.91 5.72 6.53 6.34 5.25 ------ ----, ------
6"
~
104.43 14.21 13.99 13.77 12.90 12.46 12.02 11.58 ._. .-- ------ ----
------ ------
._---- ----
12.57 12.38 12.19 12.00 11.25 10.88 10.50 10.13 ------
._----
__ . ._. .------
------
li 10.63 l0A7 to.31 10.16 9.53 9.22 8.91 8.59
8.62 8.50 8.37 8.25 7.75 7.50 7.25 7.00 .----- ------
~ __--_..
_ _ MM •
~~~-.
_-_.
4.1 0
._-_. ._--_.
._--_ . ._--_ . ._--_.
. ._--_ .
51l3}-i
~
10.31 10.12 9.93 ---.
_-_. 8.99 8.62 .
_.
~-.
-_ _. __ . .-_.
. --_. .-.
_ _ MM •
-. .--.
8.75 8.59
.... _-_._--_.
8.43 . 7.65 7.3< .
--. .-- .
-
~
7.12 7.00 6.87 _M_' 6.25 •.00 .
6.29 6.18
5.44 5.35 5.26 .
. 6.53
4.79
5.31 \ __ . --_.. .._-_
._--_
4.60 . ____ .
. ._--- .---_ . ._--_ .
_--_. ._--_. ._--_.
--- ... 3.87 .____ ._--_. ._---. .._--_.. --~-
. 5.50 _. .- .- -
4 .22 -_. -- ._-_. .---_ . .__ . .-
~ 6.62 6.50 ._--_. 5.75
'" I!
__h •• _ _ h.
.--
6.06 4.97 4.41
".25 4.17
.~--
. •
.---- . .
~--- . ._--_. ._---~-
.
._-_.
. . ._-
•
---'
___ h •
_
~
6.62 6.50 6.37 6.25 5.75
5.85
5.06
5.74
4.97
6.64
4.88
'.53
4.78
5.09
4.41
" .87 .-
4.22 ._-_.
--_ . ._ .
_. ....-. ... __ . --
.--~-
__h •
41l3}-i'
4.25
7.51
4.17
7.35
4.10
7.19 .__ .
4.02 3.71
6.42
3.65 .-~---
6.10 .---_.
- ----- ._- .... .----. ::-=
.-_ . --- ._--_. ._--_ .
_. 6.00 ._--- -- _.
U 6.12
Ml
4.68
6.00
6.30
4.59
5.87
6.20
4.50 --.
_.
5.25
4.65
4.03 3.84 .---_. __
" ." 3 --. .-_. . ._--_.
._-
-_. ._--_. .--. .--
. _---
__h
._-_ ..
•
_ _ h'
I!
___h •
"3
-- 4.50 _. ._--
_ . -- ._--_. --
~I
5.62 5.50 ".75
.
___h.
3.99 .-. -- .- . .
4.97 4.86
_ . -- " .21
3.46 ._--_. ._-_ . ..-_ . ._-_. ._
-- --- .
._--_.
--_ .
2.93 ._-_ . ._--_. ._-_. ._--_ . .---_. ._--_ .
'.30 4.21 - _. 3.65
3.53
2.94
3.65
2.88 __. -_--_
..---.
.
_.. 3.09
2.50 2.38 ._--_. ._--_. ._--_ . ._--_. .--_.
__ _ h •
,.....
Tlllek~ ...
01 Met.1
ji ,. h , 1» 1){ lji 1)1 l ji
"
.117 ,'41
)( .156 .188 .219 .250 .281 .3'3 .34' .375 .406
'"
.273
)1 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .688 .750 .813
.422 .492 .563 .633 .703 .773 .844 .914
',."
.352
ji .391 .469 .547 .625 .703 .781 .859 .938 1.016
'," .430 .516 .602 .688 .773 .859 .945 1.031 1.117
.469 .563 .856 .750 .B44 .938 1.031 1.125 1.219
lliO
1»
I ,"
.664
.703
.742
.797
.B44
.891
....
.930
1.039
1.063
1.125
1.188
1.195
1.266
1.336
1.328
1.406
1.484
1.461
1.547
1.633
1.594
I .'"
1.781
1.727
1.828
1.930
1)( .781 .938 1.094 1.250 1.406 1.563 1.719 1.875 2.031
1\10 ................ .984 1.148 1.313 1.477 1.641 1.805 1.969 2.133
lji .-...........- 1.031 1.203 1.375 1.547 1.719 1.891 2.063 2.234
1\10 ......... -..... - 1.078 1.258 1.438 1.617 1.797 1.977 2.156 2.338
l)i ................ 1.125 1.313 1.500 1.668 1.875 2.063 2.250 2.438
,'"
l ji
1 'liO
................
....... _.......
.-..-....-......
1.172
1.219
1.266
1.367
1.422
1.477
1.563
1.625
I.'"
1.758
1.828
1.898
1.953
2.031
2.109
2. 148
2.234
2.320
2.344
2. 438
2.531
2.539
2.641
2.742
I,. -.........- 1.313 1.531 1.750 1.969 2.188 2.406 2.625 2.B44
2liO _
.... ....
.............
-_ .....
..........
1.805
1.859
2.063
2.125
2,320
2.391
2.578
2.656
2.836
2.922
3.094
3.188
3.352
3.453
2» -,
2", ........... ... " ..... 1.914 2.188 2.461 2.734 3.'" 3.281 3.555
2)i .......... .... ..... .. _. 1.969 2.250 2.531 2.81 3 3.094 3.375 3.656
2~if ....... _........ - _ .... ..... 2.023 2.313 2.602 2.891 3.180 3.469 3.758
2 li .. _. _ ...... .. - .......... 2.078 2.375 2.672 2.969 3.266 3.563 3.859
2", ..... ............ 2.133 2.438 2.742 3.047 3.352 3.656 3.961
2 )1 ......... .. ............ 2.188 2.500 2.813 3.125 3.438 3.750 4.063
2.297 2.625 2.953 3.281 3.609 3.938 '.266
2 ji
2 j( ..
........ -- -------_ ..
...... _... ...... _ 2.406 2.750 3.094 3.438 3.781 4.125 4.469
2h ..
.. _ ... _....... 2.516 2.875 3.234 3.594 3.953 4.313 4.672
3 ._... ... ...........
_ , 2.625 3.000 3.375 3.750 4.125 4.500 4.875
..
"•
'.00
Val~"ol
T he above c h.rt wilt ,impl"!. the ~ppnc.tlon of the .ule for net width, Soctlon 19, P .....
$c) a n d (d l of the Institute Speclfic.tlons. Entering the cl>.rt. U left o r right wIth the gauge
'If ' and pl"OCeedlng horiJ:Ont.lly to Inteructlon with the eu ...... f o r the pltel> ..... , thence .,!'ti.
cal ly to top or bottom, the value of '%11 may be rnd directly.
T he lumpl. below lII"atratn tke application of the ru ' e, and the uu <)1 the chart.
, .. ChainABCEF
Dedu ct for" h al " @ ('" + 'A )
BC ,II _ 4,. _ 2:add.%g
CE, II .. 10,' .. 2'A; add ' %11
- 2.625
+ 0.25
+0.16
~
." Total DeductIon - 2.215"
h' Chain A BCD EF
• Deduct for 4 hal •• @(% + 'A ) - 3.50
,. ,
co. II.. 6, .. .. 4'>'i: .dd 1%11 + 0.85
DE,II _ 4,1 _ 2:add''''11 + 0.25
, Tot.1 DedL>ction - 2.15"
Net Width .. 18.0 - 2.215 15.785".
~" Rlveu
In comparing the path CDE w ith t h e p~th CE, it II leen th.t If the , um of the two valu q
of I~g for CD lind DE ucnd the ,lnllle value of .~g for CE, by more than the deduction for
One hole, then the path CDE I, not critical u compared with CEo
Evidently If the value of .~g for one 1"iiI CD of the $11th CDE is greater than the deduction
for one hol e , the path CDE cannot be c.itical u compared with CEo T he vertical dotted lines
In the chart . el"\le to Indicate. for the r"pactive rivet diameters noted I t the top the.eof, that
any value of .~g to the right of .uch line I, derived from a non ·c ritical chlln which need n ot
be further contldered.
Thege tables of plate girders have been oompiled for the purpose of showin, certain
economies in their use for average spans and relatively light loads.
Moments of inertia and section moduli are given for both gross and net flange
areas as may be preferred by the designer, although the A. I. S. C. Specification, upon
which the tables are based. permits of gross area being used. No provision has been
made in !pacing of Hange rivets for concentrated external loads or (orces. and such
loads or forces coming upon the girders should be provided for by stiffeners or by other
equally effective devices.
r·
PER SQUARE IN C H FOR
.-
U NSTIFFENEO WEBS
•
V(8000 ),
_ _ h
A T
V", Tolal thaar In It.. [See A. I. 8. C. 9pM:iroutlon, s.c. 26(b) .n<! (1)1 A_ O..,.. ..... « .....b In IIq. In.
h
T T
V
T
h
T
V !T h
T
V
T
h
T
V
T
h
T
V
h
T T
V
95
7.56
7.40
7.24
7.09
102
103
104
105
6.15
6.03
'.92
5.81
5.70
112
113
11 .
"'
5.10
5.01
....
4.93
' .68
135
1<0
'"
150
3.51
3.27
3.04
2.64
2.66
76
n
11 .OS
10.79
66
.7
'.65
'.46
96
97
98
6.94
6.80
6.66
106
107
108
5.59
5.49
117
119
121
4.52 '"
160
165
2.50
2.35
7' 10.52 88 ' .26 ".37
79 10.26 89 ' .08 99 6.53 109 5.39 123 4.23 170 2.22
8E MATERIALS
PROPERTIES
~" RIVns
GROSS SECTION
SECTION S
P ~TE
NET SECTION
I
OM
WoO
"""-
'O~
,-
eo..,
we~ht
per oot
Including
Ri~tl
I, S, ...
Mu.
Allow-
M~
I, S,
Mu.
Allow-
oble
M~
Mu'
m,m
,....
Allow-
able
RiV1lt
,~.
Pllte PIli"
--- -,.'- - - --
CO. In.'
~"'
~"' - - - - - - -- --
Fl KIp' In.' In.1 Fl. Ki~ Kipa In. KiPif
1-
5x3~x'" 100.1 8037 365 608 7249 329 548 107 702
5 X 371 X ~ 106.5 8885 404 673 8010 364 607 107 671
5x3J,ix)1 112.9 9705 441 735 8742 398 663 107 648
5 X 3}i X ~ 125.7 11312 514 857 10174 462 no 107 615
5Jt3Y2X~ 137.7 12844 584 973 11 531 524 873 107 590
5x3}1xJ..i 12)( U 139.3 12642 568 947 11 386 512 853 107 613
5K3J1xJ1 12x ~ 149.5 14134 632 1053 12880 566 943 107 603
5x3J1 x .J1 12 x Y2 159.7 15646 695 1158 13952 620 1033 107 597
'""
6 x" x 107.7 8996 686
• 604 • 115.7 9996 454 757 9164 417 695 11 3 640
"•
~
~
6 x " x M 123.3 10964
11958
499 832 10063
907 10954
457
498
762
830
113
113
620
""
6 x" x 130.9 544 604
3 6 x " x 138.5 12910 587 978 11823 537 895 113 591
~ 6 • 4 152.9 14752 671 111 8 13498 613 1022 113 5n
K
•
6 x " x )i " 167.3
x Y2 192.1 19841
16528 751
882
1252 15108
1470 17943
687
797
1145 113
113
558
593
"
14 1328
~
M
6 x " x
6 x " x % 14x % 204.0 21621 956 1593 19506 862 1437 113 590
•
6 x6 x % 119.1 9853 448 747 9095 413 688 143 626
6 x 6 x 501 835 10163 462 770 143
6
6
• 6 • '"'" 128.3
137.9
147.1
11016
12149
13252
552
602
920
1003
11211
12229
509
556
848
927
143
143
603
585
572
• 6 • iii 14354 652 1087 13245 602 1003 143 561
6 • %
156.3
• 6
6 174.3 16488 750 1250 15209 691 1151 143 544
6
6
• 6
• 6 •
•%
•
"
)i
14x~
191.9
209.'
18509
21784
841
946
1402
15n
17059
19389
no
862
1291
1437
143
143
531
540
6 x• 6
6 x % 14 x ~ 221.8 23069 1020 1700 20951 926 1543 143 537
To obtain rivet pitch in any panel divide Rivet Factof by SMar in that pando CAUTION: Not applk:able
for riveta CIInyinl both horizonUlJ and VtrtiCIIJ Shearinl l t...-eo.
Muimum Allowable ~r>dinl M()mMIUI .'" ponni.. ible only ""hen comprftaion llanlt is fully I UPported.
lalerally.
Wrillht of rivclt il bated On spacinll of" incllel.
104
ttx
PLATE AND ANGLE GIRDERS
40
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
,"," ,tI\llIT.
... -......
MATERiAlS GROSS SECTION NET SECT ION
..
"'"
WoO ,-
"-
T_
....,. ---
0- R.."
W.fo:t
rn:'iLldY: 1. S. ...
Mu.
~I-
M~
1. S,
M ••
" ...,
-, - -
M~
Mu'
~ Ri".t
F_
5x3~x'" 94.9 ...., 320 533 5762 288 .80 122 617
5.11 3 }.i x ~ 7100 6391 319 631 122 592
5x3~J; J.i
101.4
107.8 7773 ""
389
592
648 6993 3<9 681 122 573
...
5x3J.ix~ 120.6 9087 454 757 8'66 408 680 122 546
5lc
h
5)(3}ix~
37S x '"
3J,i x M 12x~
12.11 ~
132.6
134.2
144.4
1033<
10203
11441
517
504
562
86.
937
9271
9166
1022.
.54
453
502
m
755
936
122
122
122
....
527
539
~
•
5x3}ixJ.i
6
6
x
x •• x,,"
x
1i
12 .11 J.i 154.6
101.7
110.6
12694
7191
8010
619
360
400
1032
600
667
11294
....
734<1
551
......
329
367
918
548
611
122
130
130
...
535
567
0:
Q
~
6
6
6
x
x
x
•• x )i
x
4 X1i
., 118.2
125.8
133.4
8818
9613
10391
441
481
520
735
802
867 9520
8081
8809
476
673
733
793
130
130
130
550
537
526
~ 6 x
4 x
• x U 147.8 11899
133<3
595
667
092 '0894 >15 908 130
130
510
499
" ...
6 x 162.2 1112 6'0 1016
• 6 x4 x % 14.11 }4 187.0 16132 787
'2204
1312 14567 711 1185 130 533
~ 6 x4 x % 14 .11 % 198.9 17611 1-423 15861 no 1263 130 53'
l1l
6 x 6 x 1i n66
... ...
114.0 388 547 7146 357 595 '70 >IS
6 x6 x 123.2 8804 440 733 8115 406 677 534
6
6
x6 x
x 6 x ,,"
""
)i 132.8
142.0
9725
10618 53'
8'0 8967
885 979' 490
767
8'6
'70
'70
'70
520
508
6 x 6 x % 151.2 11516 576 960 '0620 53' 885 '70 '99
6 x 6 x U 169.2 13246 66. 1103 12212 611 1018 '70 485
6 6 x 746 1243 13746 170
"
x 186.8 14917 687 11<45 415
6 x 6 x % 14.11 }i 204.8 17256 84' '402 '5694 765 '308 170 484
6 x 6 x % 14l(~ 216.7 18735 908 1513 16979 849 1'115 170 482
To obtain rivet pitch in any pan~1 diviok Rivet Factor by Shear in that panel. CAUTION: Not:tppl;ca.bI~
foe "Veta CIInyinr both horilOl1t.al and vertiCIIl thearinr'~
Masimum AlloWllble Bmdinl Mommta are pn.m-ble only .. 11m cornpr-'on ilionI<' it fully wpported
"tenon,.
Wri,bt of riveta i. bawd on ..,.cin, 01' I~
tt,
PLATE AND ANGLE GIRDERS
36
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
~" IIIVnlJ
I
MATERIALS GROSS SECTION NET SECTION
Mu'
.... --
We~ht
T_
r.:,;~,
ncluding
Mu.
Allow_
Mu. mom
Allow- AI... Rivet
OM ,.~ Riveta I, S, .ble I, S, .bl. abl. '~M
M. M•
...
WO'
PI.to "nol... C••"
Plat..
- - ~"' -~"'-- -
CO. In.'
I~ In.' In,' Ft. KI.- Ki~ I n. Kip'
----
5 X 3M X ~ 89.' 4995 278 463 4491 24. 415 143 538
5 X 3% J(}.y 96.3 5551 JOB 513 4991 2T7 481 143 517
5 X 3M X M 102.7 6088 338 5B3 5472 304 507 143 501
5 X 3M X % 115.5 7138 397 662 6410 358 594 143 479
5 X 3~ X ~ 127.5 8137 452 753 7297 405 675 143 464
5 X 3M X 7i 12 X )( 129.1 805' 442 733 7220 396 660 143 482
5x3Mx}-S
5 X 3M X M
12 X ~
12x ~
139.3
149.5
9065
10084
493
545
822
909
8080
8950
440
484
733
806 ,..,
143 <IT
475
"
~
K
6
6
6
,4,
, 4 , %
"
128.3
142.7
157.1
8178
'380
10532
454
521
585
757
888
975
7494
8591
9638
416
4n
535
694
795
892
152
152
152
463
450
440
6 , 4 , )i 14 X M 181.9 121141 694 1157 11575 626 1043 152 475
S<:
J(l 6 , 4 , )i 14 X ~ 193.8 14047 754 1257 12617 67' 11 32 152 474
T Oo!>18in rivet pitch io Bny pa",,1 divide Rivet }o"BctM by Shear in that panel. CAUTION: Not appliable
for "ve tl C3rTYing both horizontal Bnd vertica l ~hea ring SI.miaeS.
Maximum A11 ...... abl" Bending Mo"",ntl Dre pl'rmiMibl" only .. hen OOUlp,..,.;oo fla~ i. fully aupp!lf'Ud
latcnoHy.
Wei ght of rivetl i, based on ,pacing of 4 inches.
I
PROPERTIES OF SECTI ONS
~" ,uvlrTS
GROSS SECTION
TO WEB PL.ATE
NET SECTION
BE
MATERIALS
Mu '
W.~ht Mu. Mu.
Aliow_ ••• Ai ..... t
O~
WoO ,- Two
",""
W 00'
;",,100 "111
Ri.... t. I, S,
Allow-
able
M.
I, S, Ibl"
M.
Allow.
abl.
Shear
'W.
A"Ille.
--- ~". - - -o.'- In.KIPIO
~ -- I~
Pl at..
----
Plale
4 • 33 .• )i 59.7 2393
'" 250 2105 132 220 91 435
4 • ", 65.3 2762 173
195
288
325
2420
2742
152
172
253
286
91
91
407
388
4 • ~ 70.5 3119
• 3 374
4 3475 217 362 3053 191 318 91
·'"~""
75.7
• 3 • 3&3
4 • 3 • eo.' 3815 238 397 3348 209 348 91
4 90.' 4470 27' 465 3916 245 40S 91 344
• 33 345
4 • • lOx U 103.9 5115 315 525 4454 274 457 91
4
4
•• 3
3
• )<;
• )<;
lOx U
10 X J4
112.4
120.9
5781
6455
353
391
588
651
s001
555'
305
337
508
582
91
91
340
337
'•" 5 X 3MX ~ 115.7 8065 379 &32 5443 340 587 98 326
5x3 ~ x Y2 12 X U 117.3 6034 37t 618 5373 331 552 98 335
~ 5x3M x Y2 12 X U 127.5 6&32 .17 695 6052 36' 615 98 331
M 5xJ}i x ),1 12 x}i 137.7 7642 '&3 772 6746 .08 680 98 328
•• • • "
6 X " X '39
6 X " .II: )1 145.3 7920 495 825 7283 .54 757 107 313
~ 14 X M 170. 1 9794 594 990 8793 532 887 107 331
6 X 4 X % 14x % 182.0 10753 647 1078 9633 579 965 107 320
T o OOI.lo;n rivel ~tch in any""",,) divide Rivet Factor by Shear in that panel. CAUTION: Not applicable
few river. earTy;na; both horiJlOlltal and vertical shnringltrr:ae..
MaJlimum Allowable Bendinll Mnmcn Ul are permissible only ",him compralion tlanie i. fully s upported
lawally.
Wei&bt of riveU i. balled on . pacine: of 4. inchos.
{Ix SHOR T
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
U" "'VWTS
-
..... -
MATERiAlS
,-
....... ,- w_
Wef'!1
I~""
GROSS SECTION
......
_. .. ..
M~ .
"'.
,
I,
NET SECTION
.."'
O~ I,
...... e<-
.. "-
W.. M~ M~
....
--- - -
' ' ' FL KIpt Kipe In. KI",
- '" FL K"
-I~
•• ,, 33 ,, !Oli
•• ,, 33 ,, lM ~
55.<4
61.0
66.2
1736
2014
2283
..
,'2'
'63
207
240
272
1523
1768
2003
'09
'26
143
182
2'.
238
'" 363
'" '"32'
"' 316
•• ,, 33 ,, Ji
71. 4
76.6
255'
2606
182
20'
303
335
2238
2460
'60
176
267
293 '"
'" 30'
~ 86.6 3298 236 393 288' 206 346
'" 296
•• ,, 33 ,, JiJi 10 II
lOx
J.
~
99.6
108.1
3604
4314
267
300
..5
600
3299
3719
232
259
38'
m '"
'"
290
m
• , 3 , Ji lO x H 11 6.6 '836 334 557 41 50 266 4n
'"
289
~
• 5113!;x_, 67 .• 2326 166 m 2090 14' 248 112 32.
317 2393 285 112 31'
0: 5x3}i Il U 73.8 266' '90
'"
...
112 302
...
D 5x3}2x f .. 80.2 296' 214 35' 2688 '92 320
•
;0 5x3J.i x H
....
86.6 3300 236 393 2969 2'2
25'
353 "2
112
296
5 x3 ~ II U
...,
39'2 279 35' • 286
'•"
• 5x3>i x"
5 x3 ~11 H 1211 K
n
111 .4
11 3.0
..92 32'
316
635
5'Z7
4035
3992
288
260
480
46'
112
"2
279
28'
'"" 51131 ~ 1I)of 1211 123.6 5110 ". 593 4515 314 623 112 284
·••
~
~ 5x3 Ji, 1IJ,i 1211 }i 133.8 6736 396 660 5060 348 680 "2 283
,..
6
6
6
,
,
,
~
IIt11
, Ji
, ....
81 .4 302.
340'
2'6
243
360
406
450
m.
3131
3479
224
248
330
373
413
"'
"."2 30'
293
28'
,"
97.0 3783 'Z7O
6 , 4 104.6 4163 297 495 3819 'Z72 463 II. 282
".".
6 , 4 , ~ 11 2.2 4515 322 537 4153 296 .93 279
6 ,4 , li 126.6 5210 372 620 4790 342 57. 273
6 , 4 , )i 641 268
6 II 4 II ~ 14 x)oS
1041.0
!6!i.S
58'6
'358
420
50'
700
845
53"
...3
386
464 '56 "'
" 2 .86
6 II 4 II li 14 x U 177.7 8099 554 923 7241 '96 82' ". 284
TooblAln rivet pilch In In,. PIII'ItI di¥kle Ri~t FIetoe' b,. Shen in that panel . CAUT ION : Not IpPl.lcabie
for ri~ ...
c:artyin. both horllOfltal InII ","-leal l'-ri",IUe.s.
Mn,mum A.IIow.W. Bendi ... MOIrIftI ... lno permbli. . 001,. .. ben com~ IIIn,., It f\IU,. ,"pported
'ItenoIl,. .
Wet&ht or rinlila '-d on ~ 014 Ind>s.
BE
24
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
,"," RIVETS
PLATE
..
Maxi-
W.~ht
'" M • •. Mu. • ••
0 ..
,- , ~,
including
I, S,
Allow-
able I, S,
Allow-
.ble
Mo
Allow·
ablo
Rivet
'K~
W"'
Pllte I'.ngJe.
Co~,
Pia: ..
Rivlta Mo
~"' ~"'
',"M
I~
~~ ~~
•• ", 3 ,, ,. )( 51.2
56.8
1201
1401
100
tt7
167
195
1001
1229
87
102
145
170
95
95
296
28()
•• , 3 ,, !to'" 61.0
67.2
1594
1787
133
149
222
248
1399
1569
11 6
131
193
218
95
95
269
261
, 3 ,
4 " 72.4 164 273 1729 144 240 95 255
6
6
,
,
4
, '"
4 , !to
n.2
85.2
2124
2398
In
200
295
333
1956
2210
163
184
272
'06
95
95
249
244
6
6
,
,
,
4 ,
4
4 ,
,,.'" 92.8
100.4
2656
2931
222
244
266
370
407
443
2458
2703
2941
204
225
245
340
375
.08
95
95
95
239
236
233
'"
6 108.0 3189
6 X 4 X )(
6 X 4 X Ji
122.4
136.8
3883
4156
307
346
512
5n
3396
3829
283
319
."
530
95
95
228
22'
6 ,
4 , 5290 423 705 4717 377 628 95 232
, '"
1<Ix }1 161.6
6 , 4 14x % 173.5 5842 463 772 5212 413 688 95 232
To obtain rivct pi tch ;n any p:>nel di vide Rive t Factor b y Shear in llLat panel. C .... UTION: Not applicable
for rive18 carrying both horizon!.:!! and verl.lcal s hearina: st.......eo.
MllIimum Allowable Bending Moments arc pcnnissible only when compr..aon HanKe i. fuU,. I Upport.cd
lat£nlU,. .
Wei,h!. of rive18 ,. bQecI on . pacina: of 4 inehel.
-'"- -- - - -- -'".- -- - - --
'". 1",1
16 xl", 8xhHi 24 .lt3~ 24 91' 268.' 21808 1817.3 9.01 96n 806.4 6.00
24.1t 3 U23)( 894 262.9 20951 1764.3 8.93 9389 782.4 5.98
24 x 3}i 23)i 874 256.9 20114 1711.8 8.85 9101 758.4 5.95
23 x 3 ~ 23)i 850 249.9 19407 1651 .7 8.81 8135 707." 5.70
16.1t 1 ~ 8x8)(1", 23 x 3U 23U 830 244.2 18615 1601.3 8.73 7881 685.3 5.68
23.1t 3~ 23 811 238.4 17846 1551.8 8.65 7627 683.2 5.66
23 x 3.li 22)( 791 232.7 17095 1502.9 8.57 7374 541.2 6.63
23.1t 3 22)i T72 226.9 16368 1454.0 8.49 71 20 619.1 5.60
8x8ltl 23 3'" 22)(
II: 754 221.8 16773 1474.5 8.70 7211 627.0 5.70
16 .1t ' ''' 23)1 3 22)i 734 216.0 16037 1425.5 8.62 6957 605.0 5.67
2" 3 22)i 714 210.0 15462 1374.4 8.58 6198 663.' '.43
15 II 1 8 x 611.1 22 x 3}i 20 )( 695 204.5 14396 1323.8 8.39 6386 580.' 5.59
22" 21 )i 6n 199.0 13753 1279.3 8.31 6164 560.4 5.57
8 )1 6)(1 22)( 2}i 21M 658 193.5 13136 1236.3 8.24 .942 540.2 5.54
22 II: 2~ 21 639 188.0 12522 1192.6 8.16 5721 520.1 5.52
8x6x ~
22 x 2~ 20)(
22 x 2}.i 2O)i
22 x 2}.i 2O)i
621
602
581
182.5
1n.o
170.9
11924
11 338
11119
1149.3
1106.1
1084.8
8.08
8.00
8.07
5499
.m
5171
499.9
479.7
470.1
....
5.49
'.50
22 x 2", 20)( 663 165.4 1054' 1041.9 7.99 494' 449.9 5.47
8x4xl
21 ;( 2)i 2Oj{
20;( 2", 20)( .,.
547 160.7
154.0
149.0
10168
9937
1004.2
981.4
942.9
7.96
8.03
4400
4001
419.0
400.1
5.24
5.10
20;(2,1( 20 507 9429 7.95 3834 383.4 5.07
19 ;( 2}{ 20 491 144.5 9073 907.3 7.92 3406 358.' 4.86
14 x 1 8x4xl 19 x 2J.( 19 488 143.5 7999 842.0 7.46 3406 358.' 4.87
18x 2J.( 19 473 139.0 7682 808.6 7.43 3021 335.7 4.66
14xl )1 8x4x J.i 18x 2K 19 461 135.7 7533 792.9 7.45 2933 325.9 4.65
18 x 2J.i 18U 446 131.2 71 32 760.8 7.37 2812 312.4 4.63
14 x ~ 8x4x J.i 17 x 2U 19 428 125.9 7130 750.5 7.53 2536 298.4 4.49
8x4x Yi 17 X 2 18)i 399 117.4 6383 690.1 7.37 2332 274.4 4.46
8x4x J.i 17 x 1 ~ 18 371 108.9 5675 630.6 7.22 2127 250.2 4.42
14 x I~ 8x4x J.i 17xl ", 17)( 359 105.6 53.2 603.0 7.12 2033 239.2 4.39
17xl }.i 17)i 345 101.3 5022 573.9 7.04 1931 227.2 4.37
....
17xl ", 17)( 330 97.05 4701 545.0 6.95 1828 215.1 4.34
17 x 1,1( 17 316 92.80 4390 516.5 6.88 1726 203. 1 4.3 1
17xl -'" 16)( 301 4087 488.0 6.79 1623 190.9 4.28
~ IIR
WeochU civC'fI
t'"'"~ oect"'; propertiN 01 net -.;I.iaa muat
not ude rivet '-Ia.
be....t if esU"elrle Iibcft aft in tmsion .
,,
PLATE AND ANGLE COLUMNS ~ x___
I PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
SHORT LEGS CONNECTED TO WEB PLATE
+
Y
I---x
So.
0" f.~
Two
TolAl
Go_" ro!t G_
ku
I S , I S ,
- - -- -In.'
Co~.
W.O
Plate Angt" PI .teI --
'". - CO.- -I n,·- -- '".
- In.'
'".
- - - --
In.' In.'
-- -- - - -- - - -- -
6.92 1<47 100.9 4.1 4
14,,; ~ ax4){U" 16 X lU 17 287 84.26 4035 474.7
7x4xYi' 18 X 1 16)1 265 n.94 3500 424.2 6.70 1158 144.8 3.86
7 X 4 X ~ 16 X 1 16M 249 73.26 3335 404.2 6.75 1090 136.3 3.86
7 X 4 xU 16 X hi 16M 236 69.26 3067 an.s 6.65 1005 125.6 3.8t
7 x4 X U 16 X 1!1a 16)j 229 67.26 2931 363.5 6.60 962 120.3 3.78
14 X t!,V; 7 X 4 X U 16x U 16 219 64.39 2788 348.5 6.58 914 114.3 3.77
U 16xl~
7 x4)( 15Yi' 212 62.39 2661 335.2 6.63 871 108.9 3.74
14x ~ 7 x4 X U 16x ~ 15M 202 59.51 2521 320.1 6.51 823 102.9 3.72
14)( ~ 7 X 4 X U 16 X Us '5", 192 56.64 2364 305.2 6.49 775 96.' 3.70
14xU 7 x4x ~ 16x U 15M 186 64.67 2347 298.0 6.65 756 94.5 3.72
14 X !-H 7 X 4x % 16 X 'C6 15% 176 51.SO 2210 282.9 6.53 709 88.6 3.70
14 X 7i 7 x4 X % 16 X YS 15)1 166 48.92 2072 267.4 6.51 661 82.6 3.68
7 x4 X ~ 15 X U, 15)j 157 46.05 1903 247.5 6.43 566 75.5 3.51
7 x4x ~ 15x ~ 15.!4 150 44.17 1794 235.3 6.37 531 70.8 3.47
7x4x~jj 15x M 15U 142 41.73 1700 223.0 6.38 499 66.5 3046
14 X ~ 7 X4 X ~ - 14.J.<l 139 40.69 148' 205.4 6.05 437 60.8 3.28
14 X .J.<l 7 x4x ~ - 14% 128 37.76 1348 185.9 5.98 386 53.2 3.20
14 X !-'8 7 x4 X ~ - 14)1 123 36.01 1324 182.6 6.06 375 52.2 3.23
14x M 7 x4 X % - 14M 112 32.92 1171 161.5 5.96 320 44.1 3.12
14 )( '" 7 X4 X~ - 14)1 104 30048 1078 148.7 5.95 288 39.7 3.08
7 X4 X~ - 14)1 97.9 28.73 104' 144.7 6.04 280 39.0 3.12
7 X4 X ~
6)(4 X M
-- 14)1
14M
89.5
82.7
26.25
24.25
'53
856
131.4
118.1
6.03
5.94
249
160
34.6
25.9
3.08
2.57
6 X 4)( ~ - 14)1 75.1 21.97 no 106.2 5.92 139 22.5 2.52
5x3M x .!1 - 14 )1 72.3 21.25 745 102.8 5.92 94.7 18.3 2.11
5J1.3 J,<ix tio - 14 )1 65.' 19.37 673 92.8 5.89 82.3 15.9 2.06
5x3%x ~ - 14 )1 59.5 17045 597 82.3 5.85 70.6 13.6 2.01
4x3xi-U; - 14)1 57.1 16.73 572 78.9 5.85 43.6 l OA 1.61
4 X3 X ~ - 14)1 51.9 15.17 609 70.2 5.79 37.3 8.' 1.57
14 X ~ 4 X3 X ~ - 14}S 48.' 14.30 495 68.3 5.88 36.3 8.7 1.59
4 x3 X ~ - 14)1 43.7 12.74 431 59.4 5.81 30.3 7.3 1.64
12 X ~ 6x4 X ~ 13x ~ 14 191 56.26 1742 248.9 5.56 640 83.1 3.10
6x4 X % 13 X ~ 14 m 51.94 1534 233.4 5.61 495 76.2 3.09
12x % 6x4x % 13 X ~ 13~ 161 47.20 1460 212.4 5.56 442 68.0 3.06
12x ,", 6x4 X ~ 13 X .!1
P~in an: givtll for = 13 }S 147 43.19 1300
~tion; prOpertite; of net ItCtioo. mUit
Wt1llhu livell do !lOt ill ude rivtt hta<b.
192.6 5049 393 60.5 3.02
be uted if utreme libon Irt III ttnaiorl.
,
13
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
SHORT LEGS CONNECTED TO WEB PLATE
I
..... ....,-
OM
w..
MATERIAL
. e-
T_
A ...
T~'
000<>
--
,- '"- -
w_
r.;,
- - --
.-
I-. S , I S ,
AXIS X-X
,- -'-' -'-'- --
,-
AX'. V-V
12 I( .li .,.,
6)(<4)(
6x4 ..
6)(" II
~
-
13x
\3,
-
n 13 ~
13
121 ~
12h
13<
120
100
92.'
'-' -'-'- --
-- 0.'
39.20
35.36
29.....
27.24
1145
1017
741
683
--
112.8
155.0
118.6
109.3
5 .41
' .36
5.02
5.01
... ....
300
206
186
52.9
....
33.0
' .96
2.91
2.65
2.61
6X4lC ~~
--- 12 ~ 87.7 25.74 865 106.4 5.08 180 21.1 •."
II
12)( '"
,.. 96.'
.... .,...,
6 )(" II " 12 SO.I 23.50 605 5.07 100 25.9 2.61
6 It")(
6x4)(
Sd}.iK -
- l2 'i
12 '
12 '
72.S
63.3
21 .22
18.94
18.62
481
87.0
77 .•
76.2
5.06
5."
5.06
139
II.
82.3
22.5
19.2
16.9
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2.51
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335
350
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56.•
5.0J
5.06
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"2.4
36.3
30.3
10.2
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1.67
1.63
1.58
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898
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151.2
137.3 ....
4.75 276
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111
99.'
90.5
32.75
23.38
26.63
73<
637
551
126.3
112.0
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4.73
'.55
221
192 3<.'
'.60
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5x3,l.i1l -
11 11
IO 80.• 23.43 m 78.7 ' .20 '"
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22.7
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I OIC ~ 5"' li' li
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-- 1.~
I. 65.•
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19.13
17.25
3«
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65.5
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92.7
80.7
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2 .16
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~1i: ~ 1. ~ 50.1 104.70 26' 51.2 ' .28 67.8 13.2 2.15
47.7 13.98 257 -49.0 ' .28 41.4 10.0 1.72
" II:3x -- 42.5 12.<~2 m <3.. ' .28 35.' ' .6 1.69
4x3x
.. x 3 x - I.1O~ 37.3 10.86 196 37.3 ".25 29.6 7.' 1.65
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31.7
54.6
' .26
18.92
16.00
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209
178
31.2
49.2
41.9
4.21
3.32
3.34
23.7
62.7
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6.7
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1.82
1.77
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47.7
42.5
35.•
13.98
12.42
158
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118
37.2
32.9
3.37
3.36
42.4
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1.71
,
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30.•
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8.76
8.48
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99.7
91.2
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23.5
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3.28
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1.23
1.19
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24 3% 24.06 912 268.1 22497 1870 9.16 9987 832 6.10
3)1 23.81 891 262.1 21638 1818 '.09 9699 808 6.08
3% 23.56 871 256.1 20797 1765 9.01 9411 784 6.06
3)( 23.31 850 250.1 19973 1714 8,94 9123 760 6.04
3% 23.06 830 244.1 19166 1662 8.86 8835 738 6.02
3 22.81 810 238.1 183n 1611 8.79 8547 712 5,99
22 2)( 22.31 731 215.1 15791 1416 8.57 6515 592 5,50
2% 22.06 713 209,6 15115 1370 8.49 6294 572 5.48
2 ~i 21.81 694 204,1 ''''53 1325 SA\ 6072 552 5.45
2~ 21.56 675 198.6 1_ 1281 8.34 5850 532 5.43
2)( 21.31 657 193.1 13175 1236 8.26 5828 512 5.40
2% 21.06 638 187.6 12558 1193 8. 18 5406 491 5.37
2 20.81 619 182.1 11955 1149 8.10 5184 471 5.34
I"
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20.56
20.31
20.06
601
582
563
176.6
171.1
165.6
11367
10792
10232
1106
1063
1020
8.02
7.94
7."
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4741
4519
451
431
411
5.30
5.26
5.22
1)1 160.1 9686 391
19.81 644 "8 7.78
"" 5.18
20 1)1 19.81 524 1504.1 9182 927 7.72 3835 384 4.86
1~
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19.56
19.31
507
490
119.' 86" 88' 7.64 3468 347 4.82
144.1 8225 ..2 7.55 3302 330 -4.79
.8 1)( 19.31 473 139.1 7817 810 7.50 2850 317 4,53
1% 19.06 458 134.6 7403 m 7.42 2729 303 '.50
1 18.81 "'2 130.1 6999 74. 7.33 2607 290 4.46
~rt ietl are Riven forC sect ion; propulinl of net lC'lCtion must be used if Ul«:/lle Jibe.. lin: in t erulon.
Wr.lg/,uojtiven do not 1M 00" rivet ,,",3d,.
I'or propert~ alld dinoensioruo of 14 'iF 320, ... IDr" IS and 19.
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~ lire ,;"en fOf.Jroa If:Clion: ~ o f ne. oection mUll be \lied if utrcmc fibulaR: In tenDon .
W~lh l.t liven do DOl L ude ri vet heftdI.
~'or propenia and dlmenaiona of 14 W 320. _ pal" 18 and 19
..
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8 16.75 14.59 246.2 86.' 21.6 3.83 2.86 3.31
7
6
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15.75
14.75
13.59
12.59
239.1
230.9
78.9
71.7
21.3
20.9
3.90
3.96
3.03
3.22
2.82
2.33
5 x3}i x }i 13.25 10.91 221.2 64.7 20A '.09 3.42 1.89
, .. X ~ 7
6
5
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14.49
13.61
12.31
13.21
12.33
11.45
9.97
11.05
232.6
224.7
215.3
225.0
72.9
66.3
59.8
66.0
21.0
20.7
20.2
20.8
1,01
'.06
4.18
4.1 3
3,19
3.39
3.60
3.41
2.74
2.26
1.83
2.66
6 "x3}ix,""
x4 x ~ 12.47 10.31
9.01
216.7 60.2 20A 4.17 3.60 2. 19
5 11.35 207.5 54.3 19.9 4.28 3.82 1.77
,
6
6
5
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x~
x 3}i x ~
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16.62
14.94
13.24
15.50
15.74 1 ' 9 1.0
13.81
11.99
182.7
173.1
--,-;[62 186.5
65.9
59.5
52.5
61.5
20A
19.9
19.3
20.2
3.39
3."
3.62
3.47
2.90
3.07
3.30
3.03
2.36
1.93
1."
2.31
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12 X Ji 5 x 3-"2 x 14.00 12.87 177.9 55.6 19.7 3.57 3.20 1.88
, lj
6 "X" xu.
12.50
14.36
180.9
11.25
13.48
168.4 49.1
57.1
19.1
19.9
3.67
3']5
3.43
3.17
1.46
2.24
,
5 x 3~
x 3 x J..U
x %s 112.9
13.06
11.74
163.6
11.93
10.49
51.6
45.5
19.4
19.0
3.64
3.74
3.35
3.60
1.81
1.40
6 x 4 x~- ""'i'4.75 13.55 1 ' 69.0 59.1 18.0 3.39 2.86 2.35
,
5 x 3~ x J1
x3 x .!1
13.25 11.83 161.7
11.75 10.22 153.1
"A
47.1
17.5
17.0
3.49
3.61
3.03
3.25
1.91
lA8
12 x 'J..U
6
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x 3 Xl '"'
13.61
12.31
10.99
12.41
9.46
'64
10.89 1 157.1
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148.7
6 x 4 x ",- "'T2.47 ""'1T27 158.7
54.8
49.6
43.7
49.9
17.8
17.3
16.8
17.5
3.48
3.57
3.68
3.57
3.00
3.17
3.40
3.18
2.28
1.85
1.43
2.20
,
5 x3 ~ x'"
x3 x '"
11.35
10.21
9.93
8.68
151.2
143.1
45.1
39.9
17.0
16.5
3.65
3.74
3.35
3.59
1.78
1.37
6
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12.86 11.45 147.0 52.3 15.6 3.38 2.81 2.33
,,
5 x3,!1 x J..W
x 3 x u.
"
5 x3,!1 x ~
, ji
11.56
10.24
11.72
10.60
9.97
8.55
10.31
9.01
140.5
133.4
142.0
135.7
47.3
41.7
47.7
43.1
15.1
14.7
15.3
14.9
3.49
3.61
3.48
3.58
2.97
3.20
2.98
3.15
1.89
1.46
2.26
1.83
12 x ~ 7.77
4 x3 x ~ 9.46 128.4 38.0 14.5 3.68 3.38 1.40
3}i x3 x ~ 9.10 7.41 124.5 35.4 14.3 3.70 3.52 1.19
5 x 3.!1 x !-(s 9.62 8.03 129.5 38A 14.6 3.67 3.37 1.75
4 x3 x~ 8.68 6.99 122.7 34.0 14.2 3.76 3.61 1.34
3J.ix3 x 8.36 6.67 118.7 31.7 13.9 3.77 3.74 1.13
,• x3 .!1 x~
,ji
9.85 8.21
6.99
118.8 40.8 12.7 3.47 2.91 1.87
12 x "'-
"
3.!1 x 3 , ji
5 x3 .!1 x ~
8.71
8.35
8.87
6.63
7.23
112.9
109.4
113.4
36.0
33.'
36.1
12.4
12.2
12.4
3.60
3.62
3.57
3. 14
3.27
3.14
1.45
1.22
1.81
4 x3 x ~ 7.93 6.21 108.0 32.1 12.2 3.69 3.36 1.39
3.!1 x3 x " 7.61 5.89 104.4 29.9 12.0 3.71 3." 1.17
3 x 2 .!1 x ~ 6.99 5.15 100.8 27.5 11.7 3.80 3.67 0.98
NOli! : "Strut Am" i, that ",=;n;oll, a fter deduction (A. I. S. C. Spec. Sect. 18 (el ) of pla te width (u
mealure<! from free edae to ccnll!r of """t) ,n ua:u of 16 tlmcl thickness: and there fore a vailable in resi,tan(:e
to compreoa;oo .
AMER I CAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUC TION
-
115
In. I n. In.'
" .
Str ut
I....
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I
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y.
In,
r
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1--'''--1---=--1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4 X3 II ~ 7.13 5,41 101.7 28.0 11.8 3.78 3.64 \. 31
12 x ~ 3J7 X 3 ~ J4' 6.87 5.15 98.4 26.1 11.6 3.78 3.77 1.10
1____ 1_3
.....~."'2J.i .lt U 6.37 4.53 94.7 24.0 11 .4 3.86 3.95 0.92
5 X 3 J..i )( ~ """"9.85 ---g:o;- 82.3 - 325 ~ ~ ~ ~
4 X3 X~ 8.71 7.77 n .7 28.8 10.3 2.99 2.70 1.46
3}i X 3 .It ~ 8.35 7.41 75.5 26.8 10.2 3.01 2.82 1.24
lOx ~ 5 X 3M X ~ 8':'87 8.03 ~78T 29:1---;o:;r- 2':98 2.7i) ----r:82
4 X3 X~ 7.93 6.99 74.4 25.8 10.1 3.06 2.88 1.40
3M X 3 X ~ 7.61 6.67 no 24.0 9.9 3.07 3.00 1.19
3 x 2J.i x ~ 6.99 5.91 69.2 22.2 9.7 3.15 3.13 0.99
5 x 3M x ~- ~ """"['2'1 ---n:3 30.8 ~ ~ "2.35 ---;-:g;r-
4 x3 x~ 8.09 6.99 68.2 27.2 8.8 2.91 2.51 1.50
3M
3
x3 x
x 2M x ~
ti
7.72
6.97
6.63
5.75
66.1
63.7
25.2
23.2
8.7
8.5
2.93
3.02
2.62
2.75
1.27
1.08
5 x 3M x !1. ""8.25 ---r.23 -----s9.2 """"Zf.6 ~ 2.90 ~ ---;-:sr
10 x U. 4 x 3 x Ua 7.30 6.21 65.4 24.4 8.6 2.99 2.68 1.45
3}<2 ;II: 3 ;II: ,(S 6.99 5.89 63.3 22.6 8.5 3.01 2.80 1.22
3 II; 2M x U. 6.36 5.15 61.0 20.9 8.3 3.10 2.92 1.02
4 x 3 ;II: U 6:"5() ~ --st:'8 """'2i':3 ----aT ""3.08 ~ ~
3~ x 3 xU 6.25 5.15 59.6 19.8 8.2 3.09 3.02 1.16
1____ 1_73_.~2li"-'.'_'U 5.74 4.53 57.5 18.3 8.1 3.16 3.15 0.96
4 3 II; x ~r 5 ] 8 4.7'5 52':8 ~ 7]"'" 3.00 ~ 1":42
10 x }( 3~ x 3 xU 5.62 4.49 51.0 18.4 6.8 3.01 2.77 1.20
3 x 2M xU 5.12 3.90 49.3 17.0 6.7 3.10 2.90 1.01
5 x 3M x ~ 7:"93" ~ 52.'3""""23T 7:4 2.57 2.23-,--:gr
4 x3 x~ 6.99 6.21 49.0 20.8 7.1 2.65 2.36 1.48
3~ x 3 x u. 6.67 5.89 47.5 19.2 7.0 2.67 2.41 1.24
3 x 2M x~ 6.05 5.15 45.7 17.8 6.8 2.75 2.57 1.05
4 x3 x 7i "'"6.i9 5:4"1' '""""46.4 1ST"'" 6:9 2:73 2.56 1':40'"
3¥,i x 3 x }{ 5.93 5.15 44.8 16.8 6.8 2.75 2.67 1.18
3 x 2~ x }{ 5.43 4.53 43.2 15.5 6.7 2.82 2.78 0.99
4 x3 xU 5:63 4 F """"39.6"" ---;s.g 5:7 ~ ~ --,:;w-
3~ x 3 x 7i 5.37 4.49 38.3 15.6 5.6 2.67 2.45 1.22
3 x 2}.1 x~ 4.87 3.90 36.9 14.5 5.5 2.75 2.55 1.03
4 x3
3M x 3 x~
x ~ 6":68
6.36
"'"(f.2"1
5.89
35."7 ----r7.3 '"5.8
34.4 15.9 5.7
~
2.33
----wr
2.16
--r:51
1.27
3 x Us
x 2.\1 5.74 5.15 33.1 14.8 5.5 2.40 2.23 1.08
8. ~ 4 x 3 x 34 5.88 5.4f"'"" ~ ----;sT """"""""5.6 ""'2.39 """2.23 ---,-:;w-
3¥,i x 3 x ~ 5.62 5.15 32.5 14.0 5.5 2.40 2.33 1.21
3 x 2M x ~ 5.12 4.53 31.3 13.0 5.4 2.47 2.41 1.02
4 x 3 x 34 5.38 ""'""4:75 28:9 ~ 4 J "'""2.32 2.05 --:r:48'"
8 xM 3¥,i x 3 x}( 5.12 4.49 27.9 13.0 4.6 2.33 2.44 1.25
3 x 2.\1 x~ 4.62 3.90 26.7 12.1 4.4 2.41 2.21 1.06
3M x 3 x 34 4.87 --.r.49 ~ ~ ---r.6 ~ t.85 ~
3 x 2¥,i x 34 4.37 3.90 18.7 9.8 3.5 2.07 1.90 1.09
NOle : " SI..... t AI"H " is llut remaininl; after deduction (A. L S. C. Spec. Sect. 18 (e» of pla te ... idth (••
mea.uncl from free edi t 10 center of rivet) ,n UCUI of 16 time. thicll: ......; and t~fore ..... il.bIe in real.lance
to c:ompussion .
A M ER I CAN INST IT UTE OF S T""!' CO N STRUCTION
116
~.; . . '
WIDE FLANGE BEAMS
J, ;. 5t-r . AND CHANNELS
,t- +----i , .' "! ~
I' J -. -
~,~
~ ~ ~ PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
...
11.11 10.71 25.6
".
3.0'
.... ...
W 4.07 11.04
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11.5 11.89
....... ." ..
17' - 27
""
8"- 11~
11 .5
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4 2.5
11 .ll
12.48
...., .. "
..., .... .." '" '"
19.9
21.5
12.9
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2.14
4.41 11.37
11.40
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, 1.5 47.5 13.95
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' 4"
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8"- 11.5
11.5
41.5 12.17
13.36
41.4
48.0
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100.2
8.13
8.11 21.9
13.0
13.6
V.
2.69 4.42
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11.51
'1.52
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.
11.5 49.5 14.53 m '09.0 5.49 8. ' 0 H.I l1.M
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..., . " ....
16" _ 36 8"-1 1.6 0.11 13.95 78.5 112.4 9.2 1 21.9 ' 3.8 11.65
11.5 111.5 15.13 87.3 123.7 14.4 4.42 11.65
" '.n
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....... ""
93.7 6,13 9.48
10"- 15.3
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\4.9
8"- 11.5 134.4 9.11 25.0
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16" - 4 5
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10" - 1!>.3
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17.71 102.:! 1~ 5.B 6.21 9.43 :!1.0
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13.69
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6.~0 9.15 2.52 11.73
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8" - 11.5 61.5 104.5 H5.5
10" - 15.3 19.17 111.2 157.2 . 9.• 0 :!1.6 4.75 13.13
..., ...,
10" - 15.3 132.7 187.:! 10.39
16" - 60
... 8"- 11.5
10" - 15.3 .......,
71.5 21.00
22.11
1116.3
108.3 143.0 ...
"" .,,.,.,
.,"... ,.,
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187.0 7.23
7.13
10.13
10.39
9.87
17.2 .~
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4.45
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11.99
13.99
12.SS
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M 6"-11.5 22.16 116.9 144.0 7.21
"., '"
14.SS
,,......
10" - 15.3 116.9 1.51.7 213.4 7.12 10.10
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21" - 62
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...,
21.59
".ro m.' ."
127.9 160.7
... ...,
212.0 11.69 17.9 '.n
,
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. 12.32
.
14.32
n.' 11.99 42.2
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10" - 15.3 128.1 170.8 6.2l
.
12"- 20.7 1'211.4 1&1.3 "249.4 8.10 12.37
10" - 15.3
...".,, '24.49 141.8 185.1
.... "245.4 11.96
"'.00 ". 14.36
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27.49 210.4 '2111.2 8.27 12.30
12" - 20.7 93.7
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24 " - 76 10" - 15.3
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91.3
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".~ 178.6
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." 293.5 9.47 13.41 ." 1~. 71
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12" - 20.7 179.2 247.5 318.9 9.36' 13.87
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29.18 199.6 25'2.'2 319.8 1MB 48.8 14.74
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21" - 54 12"- 20.7 114.7 ", 71.4
15"-33.9 127.9
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379.7 10.4 1 122.9
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12"-4G.7 122.1 10.76 15.31 17.27
15"-33.9
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4.61 6.61
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43.4l
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y
WIDE FLANGE BEAMS ~ , - ,
AND CHANNELS
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PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS 1 y
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Size Ind W&lghl Totl'
Weight
Totll
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9.47
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J.18
3.07
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14.7
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10" -1~3 10,00 162.3 23.1 i9.5
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12" - 27 10"- 15.3 42.3 12.44 295.6 37.0 70.1 4.87 16.7
14"- 30
12"--20.7
HY'- 1~3
47.7
45.3
14.00
13.28
314.1
418.3
445.0
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37.5
45.8
46.5
81.3
97.6
4.74
~ .61
6.48
8.37
9.13
144.7
16.9
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..... ....
12"-20.7 14.14 "5.6
111"- 36 12"-20.7
15"-33,9 69.9
16.62
'20.49 744.6
62.6 ....""
121.6
159.1 ".., ....
10.154
IUi6 ....'"'
H50.2 25.0
... .. ...
15"-31.9 ~.61 12<47.5 100.1 210.2 1,12 12.46 349.8 46.6
. 12"-20.7
15"-33.9
82.7
.., ..."
9U 21.13
1790.6
1990.1
137.7
Hl.&
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216.5
27U
8.59
Ml H.M
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181.2
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3.61
12"-'20.7
15"-33.9 101.9
, .,
'29.92
1959.2
2172.3
151.7
H15.9
23M 8.67
8.52
12.91
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13.t3
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188.5
373.0
31.4
49.7
...
24"-76
""-M
. 12"' -20.7
15"-33.9
12"'- 20.7
15"- 33.9
12"'-20.7
109.9
104.7
117.9
114.7"...
32.27
30.74
34.61
= ..
2732.3
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4111.7
189.7
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195.0
211.0
216.7
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'279.'2
343.2
301.0
9.81
9.81
11.05
14.40
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14.33
15.79
216,4
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400.9
243.2
51.9
40.5
3.47
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10.97 427.7 57.0
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15"-33.9 127.9 37.M 4519.2 267.4 434.1 16.90 3.37
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12"'- 20.7 122.7 4471.7 11.14 15.73 257.6 42.9 2.67
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15"-33.9 39.91 41198.5 '291.7 11.08 16.80 442.1
12"'- 20.7 134.7 4977.3 317.8 418.3 11.22 15066 2n.7 46.3 2.65
'" 15" -33.9 147.9 43.43 492,8 11 .18 16.66 462.2 &1.6
30"'- 108 15" - 33.9 141.9 41.67 " ., 511.0 12.06 18.36
...., .'"
447.7
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18"_2.7
15"-33.9
18"_2.7
15"-33.9
18"_2.7
15"-33.9
150.7
149.9
158.7
1S7.9
166.7
1&5.9
44.25
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46.61
48.93
48.73
6349.2
6564.6
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6867.9
7352.2
7479.7
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412.1
562.9
5012.1
570.1
623.1
11.98
12.21
12.14
12.26
12.39
18.99
18.'29
18.90
18.22
18.81
18.15
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465.8
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718.7
497.6
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174.7
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33" -130 15" - 33.9 41.16 8761.1 642.9 13.49 19.87 514.0
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15"-33.9
18"_2.7
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174.9
183.7
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51.41
504.61
956fi.9
99n.9
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488.9
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746.8
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Il.64
13.59
13.75
19.79
20.41
19.12
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75.8
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18"_2.7 194.7 57.19 107504.2 13.71 20.31
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15"-33.9
18"_2.7
15"-33.9
18"-42.7 ..
183.9
192.7
193.9
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59.57
11505.5
11996.7
12791.6
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761.5
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14.59
14.55
14.68
14.65
21.13
21.77
21.06
21.68
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563.0
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76.1
78.4
91.6
3.23
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18"_2.7
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212.7 62,46
83.44
13064,9
13589.5
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14.77
14.78
14.82
21.00
21.60
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81.8
3.69
3.18
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215.9 13928.6 665,5 20.93
18"_2.7
15"-33.9
18"_2.1
224.7
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227.9
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67.01
89.59
14470.3
14799.5
1!!359.9
672.7
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116.8
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925.0
991.0
14.80
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14.86
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2 1.51
21.43
876.7 91.4
89.1 3.16
3.61
,
,
x-- .f--' I' TWO CHANNELS
I r PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
v
AXIS X-X AX IS V.Y
Vortlcal
...
eNn .... '
SilO
Weight
...
Hotlzon\.al
CIIl nnel
Size
W.llIht
"n r.;,
Tot"
WelClht
co.
I S .... ~ S, - ~
.,
'. 1-';;:;-='
-'"-
Y. I S
3"
4"-
'.1
5.4
."
4"- 5.4
5"- 6.7
5.4 2.75
3.12
3.51
9.5
10.8
12.1
--
2.9
6.4
6.8
1.3
2.2
2.3
3.0
' .9
5.4
1.03 2.19
1.44
139
'.0
2.88
2.94
2.0 1.21
'.1
7.7
2.1 1.15
3.1 1.48
5" 6.7 3.90 13.4 12.6 3.5 7.9 1.80 3.60 7.9 3.2 1.42
5"- 6.7 6"- 8.2 '.34 14.9 13.2 3.6 8.8 t .74 3.70 13.5 '.5 1.76
I~
7"- 9.8 '.80 16.5 13.8 3.7 9.6 1.69 3.78 6.8 2.12
5" - 6.7 4.34 14.9 21.3 5.1 10.8 2.22 4.21 8.1 3.2 1.37
6"- 8.2 4.78 16.4 22.3 5.1 12.0 2.16 4.34 13.7 '.6 1.69
6"- 8.2 7"- 9.8 5.24 18.0 23.2 5.2 13.2 2.10 4.45 21.8 6.2 2.04
8" -11.5 5.75 19.7 24.0 5.3 14.3 2.04 '.54 33.0 8.2 2.40
9/1-13.4 6.28 21.6 25.0 5.4 155 1.99 4.62 48.0 10.7 2.76
10"- 15.3 6.88 23.5 25.8 5.5 16.7 1.94 4.69 67.6 13.5 3.14
--
6"- 8.2 5.24 18.0 35.0 7.1 15.5 2.58 4.95 14.0 4.7 1.69
7"- 9.8 5.70 196 36.3 7.2 17.0 2.52 5.08 22.1 6.3 1.97
7"- 9.8 8" -11.5 6.21 21.3 37.6 7.2 18.6 2.46 5.20 33.3 8.3 2.31
9" -13.4 6.74 23.2 38.9 7.4 20.2 2.40 5.30 48.3 10.7 2.68
10"-15.3 25.1 ~2
I~ 4.8 1.58
7.32 7.4 21 .7 2.34 5.39 13.6 3.05
6"- 8.2 5.75 19.7 51.9 9.4 19.4 3.00 5.53 14.3
7"- 9.8 6.21 21.3 53.9 9.5 21.3 2.95 5.68 22.4 SA 1.90
8"- 11.5 6.72 23.0 55.9 9.6 23.3 2.88 5.82 33.6 8.' 2.24
8"- 11 .5 9"- 13.4 2.82 5.94 48.6 10.8 2.59
7.25 24.9 57.8 9.7 25.2
10" -15.3 7.83 26.8 59.5 9.8 27.2 2.76 6.05 68.2 13.6 2.95
2.61 6.30 129.4 21.6 3.71
I~
12" - 20.7 9.39 32.2 63.8 10.1
7"- 9.8 6.74 23.2 76.8 12.3 26.0 3.37 6.26 22.9 6.5 1.84
8"- 11.5 7.25 24.9 79.5 12.4 28.4 3.31 6.42 34.1 8.5 2.17
9"-13.4 9"- 13.4 7.78 26.8 82.1 12.5 30.8 3.25 6.56 49.1 10.9 2.51
10" - 15.3 8.36 28.7 84.6 12.6 33.2 3.18 6.69 68.7 13.7 2.87
12"- 20.7 9.92 34.1 ~6 13.0 39.4 3.02 6.98 129.9 21.6 3.62
8"- 11.5 7.83 26.8 109.5 15.7 33.9 3.74 6.99 34.6 8.6 2.10
9"- 13.4 8.36 28.7 113.1 15.8 36.7 3.68 7.15 49.6 11.0 2.44
10" - 15.3 10" - 15.3 8.94 30.6 116.5 16.0 39.6 3.61 7.30 69.2 13.8 2.78
12"- 20.7 10.50 36.0 124.7 16.3 47.0 3.45 7.63 130.4 21.7 3.41
'I ~ I~ '.68
--
15"-33.9 14.37 49.2 140.4 17.2 63.2 3.13 31 4.9
9" 13.4 9.92 34.1 204.7 25.0 SO.8 4.54 8.20 51.2 11.4 2.27
12"-20.7 10" - 15.3
12"- 20.7
15"-33.9
10" - 15.3
10.50
12.06
15.93
14.37
36.0 211.0
41 .4 225.9
54.6 254.0
49.2 470.1
25.2
25.7
26.8
48.4
54.7
64.7
87.3
85.0
4.48
4.33
3.99
5.72
9.49 316.5 42.2
9.71 75.1
----
....
8.38 70.8 14.2 2.60
8.79 132.0 22.0 3.31
15.0 2.29
12"- 20.7 15.93 54.6 504.3 49.5 98.9 5.63 10.18 136.3 22.7 2.93
15"-33.9 15"-33.9 19.80 67.8 570.7 51.6 131 .5 5.37 11.06 320.8 42.8 4.02
76.6 602.1
I~ ~
18"-42.7 22.38 52.7 149.8 5.19 557.2 '.99
12" - 20.7 18.51 63.4 852.0 72.2 131.5 6.78 11.80 143.1 23.8 2.78
18"-42.7 15"- 33.9 22.38 76.6 966.' 75.4 172.9 6.57 12.81 327.6 43.7 3.83
18"-42.7 24.96 85.4 1020.7 76.9 197.0 6.39 13.27 564.0 62.7 4.75
Ccr.terI or &nIvlty of both clIanMb ...... in the oame vm ical line.
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
+-
t
I--x
3"
4"-
' .1
5.4
."."• .4
,.4
5"- 6.7
2.75
3.12
3.51
--••• •••
10.8
12.1
8.8
I~
1.7
2.7
2.'
2.3
3.8
'.1
1.28
1.69
I~
2.61
3.23
3.38
•••
'.1
7.7
2.•
2.1
3.1
1.21
1.15
I."
3.2
.... I~ 6 .• 2.06 3.99
5"- 6.7 3.90 13.4 16.6 ' .2 7.' 1.42
5"- 6.7 6"- 8.2
7"- 9.8
'.34 14.9 17.9
19.1
4.3
4.'
6.'
6.'
2.03
1.99
4.16
4.31
13.5
21.6 •••
6.2
1.76
2.12
6" - 8.2
." 6.7
6"- 8.2
7"- 9.8
'.34
4.78
5.24
14.9
16.4
18.0
26.6
28.5
3...
'.8
6 .•
6.2
8.'
•••
'.6
2,47
2.44
2.41
4.57
4.76
'.93
'.1
13.7
21.8
3.2
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6.2
1.37
1.69
2.04
8"- 11.5
9"- 13.4
10"- 15.3
5.75
6.28
6.86
19.7
21.6
23.5 ....
32.
34 .•
6.3
6.'
6.7
10.2
10.7
11.1
2.37
2.33
2.29
'.09
'.24
5.37
33.•
48.0
67.6
'.2
10.7
13.5
2.40
2.76
3.14
7"- 9.8
6"-
7"-
8"-
9"-
8.2
9.8 5.70
11.5 6.21
13.4 6.74
'.24 18.0
19.6
21.3
23.2
.... ••••••
42.8
45.5
SO.7
'.2
'.6
11.9
12.8
13.5
14.2
2.86
2.82
2.78
2.74
'.33
5.52
5.71
5.B7
14.0
22.1
33.3
".3
4.7
6.3
'.3
10.7 2.68
1.69
1.97
2.31
9"-13.4
8"-
9"-
11.5 7.25
13.4 7.78
24.9
26.8
95.2 13.9
99. 14.1
21.6
22.'
3.62
3.58
6.85 34.1
7.06 49.1 •••
10.9
2.17
2.51
10"- 15.3 '.36 28.7 104. 14.4 24.0 3.54 7.25 68.7 13.7 2.87
12" -20.7 '.92 34.1 115. 15.0 26.' 3.41 7.66 129.9 21.6 3.62
8" 11.5 7.83 26.' 127.8 17.3 26.3 4.04 7.40 34.6 '.6 2. 10
9"- 13.4 '.36 28.7 134. 17.6 27.'
29.4
4.01
3.96
7.61
7.82
49.6 11.0 2.44
10"- 15.3 10"- 15.3 '.94 30.6 140.3 17.9 69.2 13.8 2.78
12"-20.7 10.50 36.• 154.3 18.7 33 .• 3.83 8.27 130.4 21.7 3.52
~
15"-33.9 14.37 49.2 178.3 19.8 40.4 '.99 314.9 42.0 '.68
Channel
Size
y,
~.
W.lght
,. ,. ,. "
8.0
•., •.,
' .7 2.23 2.6 1.0 I..
6"- 8.2
8.' '.8 2.23 3.6 1.2 I.'
t.. 2.'
•.,
8.' 2.19
,.4
'.8 '.0 2.14
2.18
'.7
6.'
1.7
1.7
2.7
7"- 9.8
11.2
11.7
12.8
6.6
6.7
6.8
2.64
2.60
2.55
...
'.1
6.3
12.4 6.7 2.59 7. 1
13.6 6.8 2.54 8.3
8.8 3.05
8.' 3.01
8"_11.5 '.0 2.96
'.0 3.00
'.1 2.95
'.2
9"-13.4
1.1 3.71
1.15 3.63
10"-15.3 1.23 4.12
1.28 4.03
1.56 4.83
1.60 4.73
3.84
3.n
'.28
12"-20.7 '.20
4.32
4.25
12"- 25 '.09
5.01
5.81
5.72
39.7 1.21 4.49
41.1 1.25 4.43
15"-33.9 42.6 1.45 5.30
44.3 1.51 5.22
46.2 1.75
48.2
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF
121
l~
LINTELS I
x L"-j -x
~ y
..
Weight
15 U 33.9
5d
4d
,,,.
6 X 3 )1 X ~ 43.7
42.1
39.7
12.n
12.30
467.2
443.6
412.0
6.05
6.00
5.96
9.36
9.10
8.70
41.9
26.'
16.6
1.81
1.48
1.2<1
1.51
1.28
1.08
di 11.59
'd , )( 38.8 11.34 40 1.2 5.95 8.56 11.8 1.02 0.96
12 U 20.7
6
5d
."
X
,)(
,,,.
3M X ~ 30.5
28.9
26.5
6.90
8.43
7.72
219.8
2<16.4
189.5
4.97
4.95
4.95
8.18
7.90
7.48
35.9
22.0
12.3
2.01
1.61
1.26
1.76
1.45
1.15
' d ,)( 25.6 7.47 183.7 4.96 7.32 7.6 1.01 0.98
3 X 2M X ~ 25.2 7.34 176.6 4.90 7.19 7.2 0.99 0.95
6 X 3M X ~
5, , ,,,. 25.1
23.5
7.34
6.87
127.7
119.0
4.17
4.16
7.25
6.98
6.57
32.8
19.8
10.6
2.11
1.70
1.95
1.58
IO U 15.3 ." ,)( 21.1 6.16 108.7 4.2<1 1.31 1.22
' d ,)( 20.2 5.91 105.2 4.22 6.42 6.0 1.01 1.01
3 X 2M X ~ 19.8 5.78 100.1 4.16 6.28 5.6 0.99 0.97
9 U 13.4
6)(3 M)(~
5d
4, , ,)(
,,,. 23.2
21.6
19.2
6.76
6.29
5.58
95.8
88.8
81.1
3.76
3.76
3.81
6.73
6.48
6.09
31.6
19.0
10.0
2.16
1.74
1.34
2.04
1.64
1.26
,)( 18.3 5.33 78.5 '.84 5.94 5.5 1.02 1.03
'"
3x2.J,i x Y-i 17.9 5.20 74.1 3.78 5.80 5.1 0.99 0.98
6x3J1x~
5, ,
."
,,.
,)(
21.3
19.7
17.3
6.23
5.76
5.05
70.2
64.7
59.0
3.36
3.35
3.42
6.19
5.95
5.59
30.8
18.6
9.4
2.22
1.80
1.37
2.12
1.69
1.31
8 U 11.5
,)( 16.4 4.80 57.1 3.45 5.45 5.0 1.02 1.05
'"
3 X 2~ xU 16.0 4.67 53.5 '.38 5.31 4.7 1.00 1.00
6 X 3~ X ~
5, , ,,. 19.6
18.0
5.72
5.25
49.9
45.6
2.95
2.95
5.64
5.41
28.8
17.3
2.24
1.81
2.28
1.82
7 U 9.6
,, ,
." ,)(
,)(
15.6
14.7
4.54
4.29
41.6
40.'
'.03
3.07
5.08
4.96
9.0
4.7
1.41
1.04
1.37
1.09
3 X 2~ X U 14.3 4.16 37.4 '.00 4.81 4.' 1.02 1.04
6 X 3~ X ~
5"
,,.
,)(
18.0
16.4
14.0
5.26
4.79
4.08
34.2
30.9
2.55
2.54
2.63
5.05
4.84
4.55
27.3
16.4
8.5
2.28
1.85
1.44
2.41
1.92
1.45
6 U 6.2 28.'
,,'
4"
,)(
3x2MxU
13.1
12.7
'.83
3.70
27.5
25.1
2.68
2.60
4.44
4.29
4.'
4.0
1.1\6
1.04
1.14
1.08
1hl-
7_1-=:;[. EAVE STRUTS
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"X IS x-x AX IS V-V
Weight
eMllnol
0" f:t "u ,,,' ,,'
Top A"G1, ""'.
""',~
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10
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X ~ 31.1 9.10 111.6 '3.42
_50 4.79
4.56
75.1
55.7
2.87
2.54
5.16
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TWO EQUAL ANGLES
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
,
y
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AXIS X-X RADll 01" GYRATION ABOUT AXIS V-V
-
Mu
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195.9 35. 1
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2.42 2.41 3.42 3.50 3.55 3.60 3.64
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1 102.0 30.00 178.0 31.6 2.44 2.37 3.40 3.49 3.53 3.58 3.62 3.67
)i 90.0 26.46 159.2 28.0 2,45 2.32 3.38 3.46 3.51 3.55 3.60 3.64
139.5 24.4 2.47 2.28 3.38 3.45 3.49 3.54 3.58 3.63
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17.8 22.88
65,4 19.22 118.9 20.• 2,49 2.23 3.34 3.42 3.47 3.51 3.56 3.60
59.2 17.36 108.2 18.7 2.50 2.21 3.33 3.41 3.46 3.50 3.55 3.59
)i 52.8 15.50 97.3 16.7 2.50 2.19 3.33 3,41 3.45 3.50 3.54 3.59
6,6 1 74.8 22.00 70.9 17.1 1.80 1.86 2.59 2.68 2.n 2.n 2.82 2.87
63.8 15.3 1.81 1.82 2.57 2.66 2.70 2.75 2.80 2.85
~
66.2 19.46
57.4 16.88 56.3 13.3 1.83 1.78 2.55 2.64 2.68 2.73 2.78 2.82
48,4 48.3 11.3 1.84 1.73 2.53 2.62 2.66 2.71 2.75 2.80
I.! 43.8
39.2
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11.50
44.1
39.8
10.3
9.2
1.85
1.86
1.71
1.68
2.52
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2.60
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2.77
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29.8
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8.72
35.4
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2.72
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"
2.32 1 2.37
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2.36
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11.12 3.9 1.22 1.18 1.70 1.78 1.83 1.88 1.93 1.98
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1.67
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5.74 6.5 2.6 1.07 1.04 1.49 1.57 1.62 1.67 1.71 1.76
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~ 14.4 4.22 3.5 1.7 .91 .89 1.28 1.37 1.4 1 1.46 1.5\ 1.56
12.2 3.56 3.0 1.4 .92 .87 1.26 1.35 1.40 1.44 1.49 1.54
9.8 2.88 2.5 1.2 .93 .84 1.25 1.34 1.38 1.43 1,48 1.53
2~JI;2~ Ji 15.4 4.50 2.5 1.4 .74 .81 1.10 1.19 1.24 1.29 1.34 1.40
~ 11.8 3.46 2.0 1.1 .75 .76 1.07 1.16 1.21 1.26 1.31 1.38
2.94 1.7 1.0 .76 .74 1.06 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35
"I;!
10.0
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2<2 '.4 2.72 1.0 0.7 .59 .64 .87 .97 1.02 1.07 1.12 1.18
7.84 ,.30 0.8 0.6 .60 .61 .86 .95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.\6
)i 6.38 1.88 0.7 0.5 .61 .59 .85 .94 I .99 1.04 1.09 1.14
-,r
TWO UNEQUAL ANGLES
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
Y
xJi
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We l~lIt
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"
.
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AXIS X - X
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9,4 1
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81.6 24.00
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47.6 14.00 15.2 4.' 1.04 .83 4.42 4.51 4.56 4.61 4.66 4.71
)i 42.6 12.50 13.8 ' .4 1.05 .81 4.41 4.51 4.55 4.60 4.65 4.70
.,6 1 .8.4 26.00 n.6 17.8 1.73 1.65 3.64 3.73 3.78 3.82 3.87 3.92
% 78.2 22.96 69.7 15.9 1.74 1,61 3.62 3.71 3.76 3.81 3.85 3.90
j( 67.6 19.88 61.4 13.8 1.76 1.56 3.60 3.69 3.73 3.78 3.83 3.87
57.0 16.72 52.7 11.8 1.77 1.52 3.58 3.67 3.72 3.76 3.81 3.85
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51.4 15.12 48.1 10.7 1.78 1.50 3.57 3.66 3.70 3.75 3.79 3.84
)i 46.0 13.50 43.4 9.6 1.79 1.47 3.56 3.65 3.69 3.74 3.78 3.83
8,4 1 '"
40.4 11.86
74.8 22.00 23.3
38.' •••
7.9
1.80
1.03
1.45 3.55 3.64
1.08 3.95 4.05
3.68
4.10
3.73
4.15
3.77 3.82
4.20 4.25
li 66.2 19.46 21.1 7.0 1.04 1.00 3.93 4.02 4.07 4.12 4.17 4.22
j( 57. 4 16.88 18.7 6. 1 1.05 .95 3.90 3.99 4.04 4.09 4.14 4.19
48.4 14.22 16.2 1.07 .91 3.88 3.98 4.02 4.07 4.12
" '.2 4.17
~
43.8 12.86 14.8 4.' 1.07 .88 3.87 3.96 4.01 4.06 4.10 4.1 5
39.2 11.50 13.5 4.3 1.08 .86 3.86 3.95 4.00 4.08 4.09 4.14
'~"
34.4 10.12 12.0 3.' 1.09 .83 3.85 3.94 3.99 4.04 4.07 4.12
7,4 60.4 17.72 20.4 6.9 1.07 1.05 3.37 3.46 3.51 3.56 3.61 3.66
52.4 15.38 18.1 6.1 1.09 1.01 3.35 3.4. 3.49 3.54 3.59 3.64
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44.2 12.96 15.7 '.2 1.10 .96 3.32 3.42 3.47 3.51 3.56 3.61
40.0 11.74 14.4 4.' 1.11 .94 3.32 3.41 3.46 3.50 3.55 3.60
35.' 10.50 13.0 4.2 1.11 .92 3.31 3.40 3.45 3.49 3.54 3.59
31.6 9.24 11.6 3.8 1.1 2 .89 3.29 3.39 3.43 3.48 3.53 3.57
"
27.2 7.96 10.2 3.3 1.13 .87 3.28 3.38 3.42 3.47 3.52 3.56
6,4 li 54.4 15.96 19.5 6.8 1.11 1.1 2 2.82 2.92 2.97 3.02 3.06 3.11
j( 47.2 13.88 17.4 ' .9 1.12 1.08 2.80 2.90 2.95 2.99 3.04 3.09
40.0 11.72 15.0 1.1 3 1.03 2.78 2.87 2.92 2.97 3.06
" '.1 3.01
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36.2 10.62 13.8 4.6 1.14 1.01 2.77 2.86 2.91 2.96 3.00 3.08
32.4 9.50 12.5 '.2 1.15 .99 2.76 2.85 2.90 2.95 2.99 3.04
28.6 8.36 11 .2 3.7 1.16 .96 2.75 2.84 2.88 2.93 2.98 3.03
24.6 7.22 3.2 1.17 .94 2.74 2.83 2.87 2.92 2.97 3.02
6x3~ "~ 30.6
23.4
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jf, 19.6 5.74 '.7 2.1 1.00 .76 2.80 2.89 2.94 2.99 3.03 3.08
5x3~ j( 39.6 11.62 11 .1 4.4 .98 1.00 2.34 2.43 2.48 2.53 2.58 2.63
33.6 9.84 9.7 3.8 .99 .95 2.31 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60
It" 27.2
24.0
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8.00
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7.3
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6.10 6.' 2.4 1.02 .86 2.27 2.36 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55
17.4 5.12 ,.4 2.0 1.03 .84 2.26 2.35 2.38 2.43 2.48 2.53
." 25.6
19.6
7.50
5.72
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4.1
2.3
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2.46
2.43
2.50 2.55
2.48 2.53
2.60 2.65
2.58 2.63
jf, 16.4 4.80 3.5 I.' .85 .68 2.33 2.42 2.47 2.52 2.57 2.62
x9FJ! I
I
y
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
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4 II 3),i ~ 29.' 8.60 '.0 3.7 1.03 1.04 I.n 1.87 1.91 1.96 2.01 2.06
~ 23.8 7.00 7.6 3.0 1.0< 1.00 1.76 1.85 1.89 1.94 1.99 2.04
6.8 2.7 1.05 .98 1.84 1.89 1.94 1.98 2.03
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21.2 6.18 1.75
~ 18.2 5.34 6.0 2.3 1.06 .96 1.74 1.83 1.88 1.92 1.97 2.02
2.0 1.07 .93 1.73 1.86 1.91 1.96 2.00
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15.4 '.50 5.' 1.81
)i 12.4 3.62 '.2 1.6 1.07 .91 1.72 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.94 1.99
4>3 ~ 27.2 7.96 5.7 2.7 .85 .87 1.84 1.94 1.99 2.03 2.08 2.14
~ 22.2 6.50 '.8 2.2 .86 .83 1.82 1.92 1.96 2.01 2.06 2.11
••• 2.0 .87 .80 1.81 1.90 1.95 1.99 2.0< 2.09
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19.6 5.74
~ 17.0 '.96 3.8 1.7 .88 .78 1.80 1.89 1.94 1.98 2.03 2.08
4,'8 3.3 1.5 .89 .76 1.79 1.88 1.93 1.97 2.02 2.07
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14.4
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3M X 3 H 20.' 6.00 '.7 2.2 .88 .88 1.56 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85
2.0 .89 .85 1.54 1.63 1.68 1.73 1.78 1.83
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18.2 5.30 '.2
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3.86 3.2 I.' .90 .81 1.52 1.61 1.66 1.71 1.76 1.81
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13.2
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3J1x2M ~ 18.8 5.50 2.7 1.5 .70 .70 1.62 1.71 1.76 1.81 1.86 1.91
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16.6 4.86 2.5 1.4 .68 1.61 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.90
~ 14.4 '.22 2.2 1.2 .72 .66 1.61 1.69 1.74 1.79 1.84 1.89
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12.2
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2.88
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6.1 1.80 0.6 .58 1.56 1.66
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0.6 0.4 .60 .51
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5.5 1.62 1.10 1.19 1.24 1.29 1.34 1.38
lr
TWO UNEQUAL ANGLES
PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS
,,"
'e.
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- --
Thi\:k_
'e.
WI11hl
Anglu
Lb. I~
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,
RAOII 01' GYRAT ION ABOUT AXIS
0
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)i ji Ii ji
Y_V
U
---- -- - - - - - - - - - - --
9,4 1 81.6 24.00 194.0 35.2 2.84 3.50 1.41 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70
li 72.2 21.22 173.6 31.4 2.86 3.45 1.39 1,47 1.52 1.57 1.62 1.67
U 62.6 18.38 152.2 27.2 2.88 3.41 1.37 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.59 1.64
52.6 15.46 129.8 23.0 2.90 3.36 1.35 1.47 1.52 1.56 1.61
ItIi 47.6
42.6
14.00 118.2
12.50 106,4
20.8
18.6
2.91
2.92
3.33
3.31
1.33
1.33
1.43
1,41
1.41
1.46
1.45
1.50
1.49
1.55
1.54
1.59
l.sa
8,6 1 88.4 26.00 161.6 30.2 2,49 2.65 2.39 2,48 2.52 2.57 2.61 2.66
22.96 14<1.6
~
78.2 26.8 2.51 2.61 2.37 2.46 2.50 2.55 2.59 2.64
67.6 19.88 126.8 23.3 2.53 2.56 2.35 2.44 2.48 2.52 2.57 2.61
57.0 16.72 108.2 19.7 2.54 2.52 2.34 2.42 2,46 2.51 2.55 2.60
!10 51.4 15.12 98.5 17.9 2.55 2.50 2.33 2.41 2.46 2.50 2.54 2.59
46.0 13.50 88.6 16.0 2.56 2.47 2.32 2.40 2.44 2,48 2.53 2.57
tZ 40.4 ".86 78,4 14.1 2.57 2.45 2.31 2.39 2.43 2.47 2.52 2.56
8,4 1 74.8 22.00 139.3 28.1 2.52 3.05 1,47 1.56 1.61 1.66 1.71 1.76
li 66.2 19.46 124.9 25.0 2.53 3.00 1.44 1.53 I.sa 1.63 1.68 1.72
U 57.4 16.88 109.8 21.8 2.55 2.95 1.42 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.64 1.69
~
48.4 14.22 93.8 18.4 2.57 2.91 1.40 1.49 1.53 1.sa 1.62 1.67
43.8 12.86 85.6 16.8 2.58 2.88 1.39 1.47 1.51 1.56 1.60 1.65
39.2 11.50 n.o 15.0 2.59 2.86 1.38 1.46 1.51 1.55 1.60 1.64
34.4 10.12 68.2 13.2 2.60 2.83 1.37 1.45 1.49 1.53 l.sa 1.62
7, • li 60.4 17.72 85.8 19.3 2.20 2.55 1.50 1.59 1.64 1.68 1.73 1.78
U 52.4 15.38 75.6 16.8 2.22 2.51 1.48 1.57 1.62 1.66 1.71 1.76
12.96 64.8 14.3 1.64
ItIi 44.2
40.0
35.8
11.74 59.2
10.50 53.3
13.0
11.6
2.24
2.24
2.25
2.46
2.44
2.42
1.46
1.45
1.45
1.55
1.54
1.53
1.59
l.sa
1.57
1.62
1.62
1.68
1.67
1.66
1.73
1.72
1.71
~
31.6 9.24 47.4 10.2 2.26 2.39 1.43 1.51 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.69
27.2 7.96 41.1 8.' 2.27 2.37 1.43 1.51 1.55 1.59 1.64 1.68
6,4 li 54.4 15.96 55.5 14.3 1.86 2.12 1.57 1.66 1.71 1.76 1.81 1.86
U 47.2 13.88 49.0 12.5 1.88 2.08 1.55 1.64 1.69 1.74 1.79 1.84
)i 40.0 11.72 42.1 10.6 1.90 2.03 1.53 1.62 1.66 1.71 1.76 1.80
~
36.2 10.62 38.5 '.7 1.90 2.01 1.52 1.61 1.66 1.70 1.75 1.79
32.4 9.50 34.8 8.7 1.91 1.99 1.52 1.60 1.65 1.69 1.74 1.78
l10 28.6 8.36 31.0 7.7 1.92 1.96 1.50 1.59 1.63 1.68 1.72 l.n
1i 24.6 7.22 26.' 6.6 1.93 1.94 1.50 l.sa 1.62 1.67 1.71 1.76
3~
~
6x 30.6 '.00 33.2 8.5 1.92 2.08 1.27 1.36 1.40 1.45 1.49 1.55
23.4 6.84 25.7 6.5 1.94 2.04 1.26 1.34 1.39 1.43 1.48 1.53
!10 19.6 5.74 21.8 5.5 1.95 2.01 1.26 1.33 1.38 1.42 1.46 1.51
~
5x 3~ 39.6 11.62 27.8 8.6 1.55 1.75 1.40 1.49 1.54 1.59 1.64 1.69
33.6 9.84 24.1 7.3 1.56 1.70 1.37 1.46 1.51 1.56 1.60 1.65
27.2 8.00 20.0 6.0 1.sa 1.66 1.36 1.44 1.49 1.54 l.sa 1.63
~
24.0 7.06 17.8 5.3 1.59 1.63 1.35 1.43 1.47 1.52 1.57 1.62
20.8 6.10 15.6 4.6 1.60 1.61 1.34 1.42 1.46 1.51 1.55 1.60
!10 17.4 5.12 13.2 3.' 1.61 1.59 1.33 1.41 1.45 1.50 1.54 1.59
6<3 Ii 25.6 7.50 18.9 5.8 1.59 1.75 1.11 1.21 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40
14.7 4.5 1.61 1.27
It 19.6
16.4
5.72
'.80 12.5 3.8 1.61
1.70
1.68
1.09
1.09
1.18
1.17
1.23
1.22 1.26
1.32
1.31
1.37
1.36
, , •, 1 S , ,
-
,"U
WI""I
Sizl Th otk- ~
Back 10 Ibck 01 AngIq, Inch.-
""... -""'u- --
". - - -- -- -,.,- -,.,- -,.- --
,. -- -- - - -,.- 0 Ji
<b. In,'
)i ~i Ii Ji
- - -- - - - - -- --
4 x3}i Ii 29.' •.60 12.7 '.7 1.22 1.29 1.46 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75
)i 23 .• 7.00 10.6 3.9 1.23 1.25 1.44 1.53 1.58 1.63 1.67 1.72
..
l/o 21.2 6.18 9.5 3.' 1.24 1.23 1.44 1.52 1.57 1.62 1.66 1.71
Ii 18.2 5.34 • .4 3.0 1.25 1.21 1.43 1.52 1.56 1.61 1.66 1.70
15.4 ' .60 7.1 2.5 1.26 1.1 8 1.42 1.50 1.55 1.59 1." 1.69
Ji 12.4 3.62 5.8 2.1 1.27 1.16 1.41 1.49 1.54 1.58 1.63 1.67
." Ii
)i
27.2
22.2
7.96
6.50
1'2.1
10.1
' .6
3.8
1.23
1.25
1.37
1.33
1.22
1.20
1.31
1.29
1.36
1.33
1.41
1.38
1.46
1.43
1.51
1.48
.
l/o 19.6 5.74 9.0 3.4 1.25 1.30 1.18 1.27 1.32 1.36 1.41 1.46
Ii 17.0 ' .96 7.9 2.9 1.26 1.28 t .18 1.26 1.31 1.35 1.40 1.45
14.4 4.18 6.8 2.' 1.27 1.26 1.17 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.39 1.44
Ji 11.6 3.38 5.5 2.0 1.28 1.24 1.16 1.25 1.29 1.34 1.38 1.43
3 ~x 3 )i 20.4 6.00 6.9 2.9 1.07 t .13 1.25 1.34 1.38 1.43 1.4. 1.53
..
l/o 18.2 5.30 6.2 2.6 1.08 1.1 0 1.23 1.32 1.37 1.41 1.46 1.51
Ii 15.8 ' .60 5.' 2.3 1.09 1.08 1.22 1.31 1.36 1.40 1.45 1.50
13.2 3." ' .7 1.9 1.10 1.06 1.22 1.30 1.35 1.39 1.... 1.49
Ji 10.8 3.12 3.8 1.6 1.11 1.04 1.21 1.29 1.34 1.38 1.43 1.4.
3j.ix2}i )i 18.8
....
5.50 6.5 2~ 1.09 1.20 .99 1.08 1.13 1.18 1.23 1.29
.
l/o
Ii
Ji
16.6
14.4
12.2
9.8
'.22
3.56
2."
5.8
5.1
•••
3.6
2.5
2.2
1.9
1.5
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.18
1.16
1.14
1.11
.98
.97
.96
.95
1.07
1.07
1.05
1.04
1.12
1.11
1.10
1.09
1.17
1.16
1.15
1.13
1.22
1.21
1.20
1.18
1.27
1.26
1.2-4
1.23
31l2.,\i )i 17.0 5.00 '.2 2.1 .91 1.00 1.04 1.104 1.18 1.23 1.28 1.34
.
Ji.
Ii
)1
15.2
13.2
11.2
9.0
-4.042
3."
3.24
2.62
3.8
3.3
2.•
2.3
1.9
I..
1.6
1.1
.92
.93
.94
.95
.98
.96
.93
.91
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
1.12
1.11
1.10
1.09
1.17
1.16
1.14
1.1 3
1.22
1.21
1.19
1.18
1.27
1.26
1.24
1.23
1.33
1.31
1.29
1.28
..
l/o 13.6 ' .00 3.5 1.8 .93 1.06 .79 .93 .98 1.03 1.09
Ii 11.8
10.0
3.-46
2.94
3. 1
2.6
1.6
1.3
.94
.95
1.04
1.02
.7.
.n ...
.87 .92
.90
.97
.95
1.02
1.00
1.07
1.06
Ji 8.2 2.38 2.2
I..
1.1 .96 .99 .75 .64
.63 ...
.89 .93 .99 1.04
.'"
6.1-4 1.80 1.7 0 .• .97 .97 .7' .93 .98 1.03
2~x2 Ii 10.6
9.0
3. 10
2.62 1.6
1.1
0.9
.n
.78 .•,
.63 .82
.81
.91
.91
.96 1.01
.95 1.00
1.00
1.05
1.11
1.10
Ji 7.2 2. 12 1.3 0.8 .78 .79 .60
.79 ...
.89 .94 .99 1.04 1.09
'" 5.5 1.62 1.0 0.6 .79 .76 .92 .96 1.02 1.07
Steel bearing plates may be materially reduced in size and weight by setting them
upon strong masonry. locally built into the wall or pier to distribute the toad over the
weaker masonry. For this purpose, templates of bluestone or other hard stone, or
rich concrete masonry may be used. i n designing such masonry the overhang of any
course beyond the course above should not exceed 3/ 4 of the thickness of the course
and the stronger masonry should be carried down far enough to obtain an adequate
base area on the weaker masonry.
Steel beams supported by masonry should always be properly anchored to the
wall. Recommended details are shown on page 155.
Some designen prefer to compute the required section modulus of bearing plates.
The table on page 60 will be found useful for this purpose.
450
A- - - 'T::lO SQ. in .
.600 n- 27-;,11.6 _ 7.7"
Assume C - 28"
750 450
P - 27X28 - .
595," ps per sq. m.
.
B - 28 - 26.8"; use 27"
tt - .ISx.595X7.7X7.7 - S.29 in.!
.95d _ .9SX 14.12 -13.4"
.SOb - .SOX 14.54S - 11.6" t - 2.30": use 3"
28-13.4 73" Use28" x3"X2'-3" Base Plate
m- 2 - .
The column base plate tables. pages 249 to 251, are for base plates on concrete
foundations. for allowable bearing values of 600 and 800 pounds per square inch and
the maximum values given in the column load tables.
Some designen prefer to compute the required section modulus of base plates.
The table on page 60 will be found useful for this Purpoge.
CRANE RAILS
1,,J
m
I---b--I~ , A. R. A.
A. S. C. E. A. A. E. A. BETHLEHEM 104 LB.
l )
I--
I--
,..--- '---..,
CARN.-I LL 105 LB. BETHLEHEM 171 LB. CARN.-ILl. 175 LB.
Nom.n~l.tu ... of , ketch for A. S. C. E. RaUa aiiO .ppUu to other lectionl.
The A. S. C. E. r.lI, and th.,04·175 lb. raUl tabul,ted below a" rec:ommended for <;';0".
runway 1.11._
Other rall l, of girder t)'P", thoulIl> not re<;ommended for cra .. e runway • • ar. much uted
In track, "'Ht ttl,l . dlmenllo nl ar. 1I1".n a.;o convenience to draft.men. For compl.t. detail.
of r,11 conto ..... con,,,U the 'JlII manufact ........
Wheneyer pOUlble, cnne nil, .lIould to. ord ..... d br. complete 'enllth of run, allowing the
m.nuh,ctIlI'U to determine the le"gthl of Individual P OCei.
131
SPLICES
For Iplici bar conto ..... CO".II't rail man"f.ct" ..... Mlny b.... ... ~1 •• cutting of bottom
",,,,I to c' ••• gird .. rivet h .. d,. Splice b... I., .. "d In pa'", R,II. IVlelre .. , .. ,nd .pllce
bl .. "au .Iotted ho'" to p.ovld, for up.nllan. Boltlo .hould "IVI Ip.'nll wI.h, .. "ndl' nl,lU
II
..,. .".,. ••,. II
{10~
I
S· ~.
~%;
,. ,.
I
, ,. ,,.. ,. IO~
t. 1OO'~· A.S.C·t·
11o.c..-,;..IH ......
,. ,.
,•• • ..
10. & 7'110.
,- ~.
Inlh.C.....,. - II" ••
U", ... oth,,·wl .. lpeclfled. mill will drill for and fu.nl ... ,underd IpllCI b... ; for cr.n.
up to 25 ton. <;apaclty, however, .ami f.brlc.torl UN "It h ....
FASTENINGS
..~
j EccI"1r'c Fill, ..
:"
~
L..
Hook Boltlo
'" 1~A~ CI.m~
Th, two t~pe. of 'uten lnp,' IIlu,t'lted above Incorporat, .dJ Ultab l' , .. t ...... for the
allgnmlnt 0' t • r,I1_, a"ell I • • ",th of tll ... eI for hook boltl Or o",·ho" HClnttlo fi ll .... for
e'lmPl·
U,I bo lt. with lIulllon headl and nuu. and .pring w.. h .... or other lock ing d ... I....
Two bolt ~onn..,tlon • • "ould SIWI)'1 be u,.d for u .. " ctamp.
Hook bolta Irl u •• d onl)' on bUml wIt" "Inll' too n.rrow to perm It thl of .. 11m".. 10"
Sp ... lng b.tween p.l ... of f .. tlnlnn I. In gln .. ll: hook bolu Ibout 2 tnt o n ... nt .... of
f.. 1.... 3 Inc" .. between bolta 01 I pII.; cl.m". 3 feet ... ntl ... up to loo-ton. cepaclt)', then 2
Htc.nt .....
T he f.bricetor ,hould .lw.Y" be con.ultMl II to thl type ot t .. t."I"g, ,"own. Or In)' oth.r
t)'IM . wl\lch he m.nut.ctu,.,.. ."d rKOmmlnd,.
STANDARO SPliCES
HOOK
""-TO
""_PS
(T..., Bolts PI" Ptt.)
!llS "'-
.~
>
r", co...,_
0;""",",
,
",00
". " Boo
01 •.
, ..
'"" -"'."'"
i
•
II
l',1h
'1 15'8 !ot ....
Wlight
c ii:ol5
iri.• .. z
W ......
h
U
,E .E :~~
.'i!'
o
- - - - -- -- -- -- - - I-- - - -- - - - -
30 A.S.C.E.
A.S.C.E.
2
2J{ •• ~~ 202416li 10.5
16.1
I.'
3.0 II 2.6 ~ 3
1.8 2',," 5
" •H ••
5
~ ~
60 A.S.C.E. 2li 32.' 3.3 3.8 3li 6
70 A.S.C.E. 3 6 li 34 "'.6 5.' ' .0 3,. 8
3J{
~ :~ ~~
80 A.S.C.E. 6 . Ji 34 62.6 7.5 '.0 8
85 A.S.C.E. 31{ 6 34 67.6 7.5 '.2 8
90 A.S.C.E. 3Ji 6 1 34 72.7 11.4 '.2 3'" 8
100 A.S.C.E. 31{ 6 1 5 34 85.7 11.7 1 'li 11
104 Beth. 3 Ji 6 1 5 34 60.6 10.7 1 11
,,)0
171
175
Carn. III.
Beth.
Carn. Ill.
21{
3
•
6
6
6
1
lli
1i . Ji
6
6li
34
34
26
"'.6
76.7
79.6
7.5
12.2
18.2
1
1
1 !S•• 11
12
12
AMERICA N IN STITUTII: 01' $TI!;I!;I.. CON STRUCT I ON
•
132
CLEVISES
,,
em , J (t_ ) i
~,~
"
Th uad: American Stand-
ard-Clu.2 Fit III ~" Grir. .. thickn_
pat. + ~ "
Oime",ions, r~
Clovl,
Number M .... D M .... P , " • • , Weight
PDUnd.
% 2)i 2» 2»
Ji 2H 2)i 2»
% 2» 2)i 272
Ji 1 ...... 3 3 3 3)i
Ji 1)j "-'0' 3 3 3 3»
% % 1)j .... 3 3 3 3» 4
1 1)j ...... ..... 3)i 3)i 3» 4
1)j 1 1» ...... ... -. 3» 3» 4 4 5
1)j 1)j Hi '.. -. ..... ...... 4 4 5 5 5
1)j 1li ...... ..... ..... 4 5 5 5 5
1)< 1% ...... .--," ,- -,-, 5 5 5 5 5
1", 1% 2 ..... ...... ...... 5 5 5 5 6 6
1% 2)j ..... ...... ..... 5 5 5 6 6 6 6
1~
1%
1»
1%
2Ji
2%
...... ......
... -.- ...... ..._- ......
......
.- ....
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
G
7
7
7
7
7 ,,
2 1li 2» ..... ..... ...... ...... ...... 6 6 6 7 7 7 7
,,
,,,
2)j 2% ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...•. •..... 7 7 7 7 7
2)<
1%
2
234
2%
.-.... ...... ......
...... ...... ......
...
......
.._,
......
.. .....
...... ......
7
7
7
7
, ,7
7
7
,, ,, ,,
2% 2)j 3
3li
...... ...... ......
...... ...... ......
......
.....•
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
7
,, ,,
7 8
8 ,, ,, ,,,,,
_,
, ,, ,,, ,,, ,,
272-2% 2)< 3)< ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... _.
...... ...... 8
...... ...... ...... ...... ... _. ... .
...... ......
8
"""
3%
...... .. - .. .... .
....-.
_
...... ......
""
2li 2% 3»
2]i-3 2*2% 3h
3% ...... ..._. ... _.
' . '-"
1-' T ;'
Thread,
.1:1 Am~.lcan St.. ndard-Clau 2 Fit
Si"
D
'".
-a -n
SUII>dard Turnbuckles
--
Oimen,ions, lnd'..
ee "
----
.
Weigllt of Tu'nbuckle., Lb.
,.
Length,', Inches
HOO;5
V. 6 Us 778 ~ , ,,
}i 6 :J4 7.\1 l\-M 1%1 .70 .75 1.00 ____ . _____ ". ___ .... ____ . 1 119 .61 .48
V. 6 19", 7 % % 1Ji .89 1.38 1.50 . __ . ____ . ____ .... ____ . l U',; .!-! 1.07 .95
V. 6 1!-M 87'S % 12~ '20 1.63 2.13 3.06 •.38 .............. , J.l2~~ 1.70 1.52
,,,,% 6 1 ~ 8~
6 , '"
1" I' YS
146 .___ 2.83 4.33 5.47 ____ .... ___ ... 1;{23
8~ I %: 2J.), 2.27 .__ ....... 3.80 4.13 4.45 5.12 __ ..... 2 ~4
4. 2.44
3.42
2. 19
;:~
6 1~ 9J.i p ~ 2'I"u 2.72 ... _____ 4.00 7.25 9.1512.95 __ ....... 2 ,,26 4.92 4.
,)<
,v. 6 lU
6 1%
9.\1 1'l-M 12%
358 . ___ ..... 4.707.1312.1116.75 ___ ..... 2J1"28
9% 1%2 ~ . 41 3 ... ____ •. ____ . ____ . ____ . ____ .... ____ . 2U3O
6.35
8.42
5.82
7.79
6 2~ 10J.i l r!"13112
;:~ :===::=: -~.~ -~~-~ .~~ ~~~-~ ··~~~I;~~ ~~:~
' }i 10.08
,v. 6 2j( 10M l l!U 3~ 12.94
,v. 2~ 11 ~ 2lj
662~11 ~'" 7.05 ... ____ . ____ . 15.0021.59 ~29.35 37.8513~~~ 17.40
9.95 ... ____ .. ____ . ___ .... ___ ... ____ ...... ___ . 3~37 20.62
16.38
'% 2~ 19.45
2 6 2~ 11 7!i 2~ 9.95 ... ____ . 15.23 .____ . 28.35 37.95 48.45)4 140~ 25.45 24.13
2j{ 6 3 ~ 12~ 2!~4% 18.00 .___ .. _. ____ .. ____ . 37.80151.00 63.9514 ~ 43M 39.02 37.35
2}i 6 3~ 13>i 3 5 23.25 ..... ___ .. ____ . ____ . 49.38 165.30 82.50 5 50 57.02 54.94
2~ 6 4 J.i 14U 3~ 5% _-_
31.50 . .... ._--_. ---_ _--_ ----.
. . . . 104.3015%55 81.80 79.28
3 6 4M 15 3% 6V. 39.50 126.406 1 60 106.06 103.06
3j{ 6 5j( 16M 3;!.i 6V. 61.00 70.00
3~ 6 5 ~ 16 ~ Ji 6V. 61.00 70.00 2O"ioo ::::::c::::::
3~ 6 6 18 4~ .~ 89.00
314·00···j····
•. )< ,,
' }i ,
' V. ,
5
6 6 18
6~ 22%
6~ 22M
6" 22%
7M 24
~ 'li
5j(
5U"
5U 9M
16 10
,v.
' v.
8900
152.00
152.00
152.00
200.00
r-...
.····l
. ---_ ..........
SLEEVE NUTS
.
-
Oil.
".,, , ',"", W,
·~!m
Thick. l ......
s._ "'''
Dia.
Claar
Oil.
y
·r t"
~ ~II: " llll : IJ 11~,llli',llli
,
6 6a. ,·
~1r
- ".- -,..- ".
D
- - -- -- -"- --
•' j{
- - ,••. ,..I
0CfDJ
98
5 ' % 5}i 5)< 7V. 1 ~ 15 11 0
•' v.
,'"."
5)< ')< 5V. 5}i lU 15~
16
'22
5}i 'v. 6
lOll 6)<
5V. 142
Th raad: Ams.lc.1In Standard·Cl11112 Fit
Matlrlal: Cast Steel
5V.
6 10% 6~
6 8~
6)< '}i
'v. 16li , 57
17 176
AMER I CAN I NSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
134
I I Cia.. 2 F it
Pitch : e plr Inch
II [T l'
•
0 ......
aI Pin
d D T 0:: • I ~
: )i
lU
.)i
lU
:!f
4'"
!; l~ ~
5 ig
1
2
3
l )i
1)j
'M
, '"
4J.i
5)(
5!f
6!f
4'" '" 5)1 J.i
2U
3U •5
l )i 1}4 6U 7U 5~ J.i 3'-' 6
1~ 1!f 7 8)i 6)j !f 'U 8
l )i lU 7'" 8)i 7 U 4U I.
2 t J.i au 9!f 7}i U 5U 12
2 1 Ji 8'" I. 8 U 5K 14
21( 2", 9", 10Ji 8U Jt 5J{ 19
2}{ 2U lOU ll Ji 9!f U 5 j( 2.
2)i 2U ll U 13 IOU " 5U 32
2)i 2)1 11 K 13 IOU U 5U 32
.....: ."
•
J
1 " :I
u
0 .. S T EEL
135
EYE BARS
EYE B A R A DJU S TA B I-E E Y E B A R
E)(cp~~ '--<1
to l~JP tBt ,~-lJ
l. , ·1"
Mi n imum le nllth , L, lo r short e n d 1.6'.6", prefera bl y 7'·0". Left th ..... d .
T hread : American Stan d n d - C I... 2 F it
, ". ,,-
Add. Add.
.- ... ,..
Thick_ M. At Root 01 Th'Nd M,·
Oi•. Mb. l&rlal Min. Oia. L\Ih. ThO. t.,i,1
Width
'". '". '". '". '". "' %
M u. Min.
HM.
FL In.
A
'". ,..
Width Thick_
~u
NU
In.'
0
'". '". , ~"
Dlam. NU
In.'
"~~
~.
•
FL In.
B" "
, 6 2~i 1- 1~
." 1.88 2% ')7 ' )7 1.84 2.65 41.2 ,. 0
' )7 1.96 3.02 38. ' ,. 0
2)7 % 7
• 8
3)7 40.0 1-
' )7 1-10~
5~ 2"
, % 2.19 2)1 5
2.50 2 % 5 •
2.09 3.42 36.7 ,. 0
,. , ,. ,
·" 3.00 2)7 5)4
•
2. 18
•
3.7 23.9
," ""
· ' 0)\
6.51 30.2 , . 0
5 2 6" 35.0 • 6 5 5.00 3)1 6)7 3 )7 2.88
,. ,
"5 8)1 • 3
,,,
, f> 5.63
6.25
3)7
3N
7
7
3)1
3
3. 10
3.32
7.55 34.2
8.64 38.3 ,. 2
-- --
· , ., 6.00 3)7 7 3)1 3.10 7.55 25.8 , . 0
," 14 5~
3.32 8.64 28.0 ,. 0
,. ,
•'"
'f> 6.75 7 3
6 2
, 14 ~ 6 ~
"6¥, 8)1
37.5 · 4
· 2
6
')1 7.50 7)7 3
, ~ 8.25 ' )1 8 2Ji
3.57 ' .99
3.80 11 .3
33.2
37.3 ,. 2
.A.
I II )
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--
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UPSET
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Weight OJ. mel&!" Long,1I Additional Oiamete.
Side of
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,
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••• UPSET
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Diameter LO"llth
,
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uce ••
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PIPE
DIMENSIONS COUPllNGS PROPERTIES
""
)1 .540 .364 .088 .42 .003 .125
~ .675 .493 .091 .57 .57 .848 1» .07 .007 .167 .21
lj .840 .622 .109 .85 .85 14 1.024 1~ .12 .017 .250 .26
1
1)1
I lj
2
~ 1.050
1.315
1.660
1.900
.824
1.049
1.380
1.610
2.375 2.067
.113
.133
.140
.145
.154
1. 13
1.68
2.27
2.72
3.65
1.13
1.68
2.28
2.73
3.68
14
l1 lj
l1lj
l1 lj
l1 lj
1.281
1.576
1.950
2.218
2.760
is
211
2~
.21
.35
.55
.76
1.23
.037
.087
.195
.310
.666 1.075
.333
.494
.669
.799
.33
.42
.54
.62
.79
2lj 2.875 2.469 .203 5.79 5.82 8 3.276 2 )1 1.76 1.530 1.704 .95
3 3.500 3.068 .216 7.58 7.62 8 3.948 3» 2.55 3.017 2.228 1.16
3lj 4.000 3.548 .226 9.11 9.20 8 4.591 3~ 4.33 4.788 2.680 1.34
4 4.500 4.026 .237 10.79 10.89 8 5.091 3% 5.41 7.233 3.174 1.51
5 5.563 5.047 .258 14.62 14.81 8 6.296 4% 9.16 15.16 4.300 1.88
6 6.625 6.065 .280 18.97 19.19 8 7.358 4% 10.82 28.14 5.581 2.25
8 8.625 8.071 .277 24.70 25.00 8 9.420 4% 15.84 63.35 7.265 2.95
8 8.625 7.981 .322 28.55 28.81 8 9.420 4% 15.84 72.49 8.399 2.94
10 10.750 10.192 .279 31.20 32.00 8 11.721 6% 33.92 125.9 9.178 3.70
1. 10.750 10.136 .307 34.24 35.00 8 11.721 6% 33.92 137.4 10.07 3.69
I. 10.750 10.020 .358 40.48 41.13 8 11.721 6% 33.92 160.7 11.91 3.67
12 12.750 12.090 .33. 43.n 45.00 8 13.958 6% 48.77 248.5 12.88 4.39
12 12.750 12.000 .375 49.56 50.71 8 13.958 6% 48.27 279.3 14.58 4.38
EXTRA STRO N G
» .40' .215 .09' .31 .32 77 .582 1% .05 .001 .093 .11
)1 .540 .302 . 119 .54 .54 18 .724 I~ .07 .004 .157 .15
.675 .423 .126 .74 .75 18 .898 1% .13 .009 .217 .20
!l .840 .546 .147
.154
1.09 1. 10 14 1.085
1.316
l Ji .22
.33
.020 .320
.433
.25
.32
"
1.050 .742 1.47 1.49 14 2» .04'
1
1)(
1;'
2
1.315
1.660
1.900
2.375
2.875
.957
1.278
1.500
1.939
2.323
.179
.191
.200
.218
.276
2.17
3.00
3.63
5.02
7.66
'.20
3.05
3.69
5. 13
7.83
11 ;'
11 ~
11'
11 ;'
8
1.575
2.054
2.294
2.870
3.389
'"
2Ji
!S
.47
1.04
1.17 .391
.106
.242
2.17 .668 l.4n
3.43 1.924 2.254
.639
.881
1.068
.41
.52
.61
.n
.92
2lj
:~
3 3.500 2.900 .30010.25 10.46 8 4.014 4.13 3.""" 3.016 1.14
3lj 4.000 3.364 .31812.51 12.82 8 4.628 6.29 6.280 3.678 1.31
,4 4.500
5.563
3.826
4.813
.337 14.98
.375 20.78
15.39
21 .42
8
8
5.233
6.420
4%
5»
8.16 9.610 4.407
12.87 20.67 6.112
1.48
1.84
2.20
~~
6 6.625 5.761 .432 28.57 29.33 8 7.482 15.18 40.49 6.405
8 8.625 7.625 .500 43.39 44.72 8 9.596 26.63 105.7 12.76 2.88
10 10.750 9.750 .500 54.74 56." 8 1 1.958 6% 44.16 211.9 16.10 3.63
12 12.750 11.750 .500 65.42 68.02 8 13.958 6% 51.99 361.5 19.24 4.34
D OUBLE EXTRA STRONG
.84. .252 .294 1.71 1.73 14 1.095 1)1 .22 .024 .504 .22
11 1.050 .434 .308 2.44 2.46 14 1.316 2» .33 .058 .718 .28
1
1)(
l lj
1.315
1.660
1.900
....
.599
1. 100
.358
.382
.400
3.66
5.21
6.41
3.68
5.27
6.47
l1 lj
l1 lj
11 ;'
1.575
2.054
2.294 'H
2'
2'
.47
1.04
1.1 7
.140 1.076
.341 1.534
.568 1.865
.36
.47
.55
2 2.375 1.503 .436 9.03 I1 lj
9.14 2.670 3% 2.17 1.311 2.656 .70
2lj 2.875 1.nl .552 13.70 8
13.87 3.389 4% 3.43 2.871 4.028 .84
!~
3 3.500 2.300 .600 18.58 8
18.79 4.014 4.13 '.992 5.468 1.05
3;' 4.000 2.728 .636 22.85 8
23.16 4.628 6.29 9.848 6.721 1.21
4 4.500 3.152 .674 27.54 8
27.95 5.233 4% 8.16 15.28 8.101 1.37
5 5.563 4.063 .750 38.55 8
39.20 6.420 '» 12.87 33.64 11 .34 1.72
6 6.625 4.897 .864 53.16 53.92 8 7.482 5» 15.18 66.33 15.64 2.06
8 8.625 6.875 .875 72.42 73.76 8 9.596 6» 26.63 162.0 21.30 2.76
LARGE o . D . PIPE
Pipe 14" a nd lal'9.r I• .old by ac tu . ' O. S. dlam.ter an d thlckn ....
Sb .. , 14". 15". and 16" a ... vallablt reg ul .rly ln thlckn_., varying by ~," ' rom ~"to 1", inclu.ive.
All pipe I. fu,n l,hld ra nd om .enfth unl ... otherwl.e ordered vI z : lZ t o 22 feet with privilege of
r.
fu , n l.hl n; 5 p.. cent In 8 to Z feet Il n;th •. Pip' railing mOlt $Conomlcally det.lled with
.lip Joi nt •• nd ran dom lengt h. between couplin g,.
A M ER I C" N IN STI TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
140
EL L. • I
! ! i ,[
, I l
"
f PoII !«.PoIot
1
!Il .....t
CROSS · 6 CROSS- 7 T EE - 8
lid . Outlet
Note: Flttingl 2 and I .... for random I.ngth pl~ with ,,1""1'd Jolnu .
CIM E N S I O N S. I NCHES
- 1 .,
'"
T.. - 2
.7
1.2
1.5
1.3 1..
1.8
1.8
2.0 1.6 '.5
2.0 2.2 2.3
'.2
2.5
3.7 6.5
3.0 '.2
8.0
8.0
7.0
10.8
8.5
8.7
T.. - 3 1.0 1.3 1.1 2.0 2.3 1., 5.3 5.0 ' .6 '.2 8.0 10.8 8.7
'"
T..
-4
-5
1.2
1.0
1.3 1.5
1.3 1.1
2.0
2.0
2.1 2.2 2.3
2.3 1.' 5.3
2.8
5.0
3.0 '.0
'.6 8.2
7.5
8.0
10.6 10.8
'.7 8.8
Crou-6 1.3 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 3.2 3.3 '.3 8.0 13.8 11.8
Crosa--7 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.' 2.8 .... 6.' 5.' '.3 8.0 13.8 11.8
T.. -<I 1.8 1.' 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.5 10.0 8.3 13.6 11.7
Olme".lon, tabulated abo". ha". ~. n l'Oundl'd out to COY<I' the ,Ught ".rlUlo"t which m .. y
OCCur In .tand,rd fitting_ as lupplilid by Il\dlvidual ma" ufactun ...
SU ndlrd •• lIlng 1Ittl",..... d"ron,tlld by ty.,. and liz .. of outJ,U; dau!! dlm,",lon, ,hol,l ld
n ot appear on mat • • II orders.
s.. pig .. 1 sa and 159 for pipe ... m "1 data II, .
K~:
01 Pipe 2.375 2.875
~
:' .~\
- t. I , ifc Bo.. OIL 2)i
5~
21i
7
2)i 2)i
7
2Ji
6)i
2Ji 3" 3"
\~j1l- 1
! A 5~ 8 8 8
C 31 Blank 3Ji Blank ' !i Blank 5" Blink
D
Wolght, Lb.
2U BI~nk
'.0 5.6
2U Blan k 3
3.8 5.8 5.0
BI.nk
7.2 6.9 •
BI . nk
7.0
t·co,~ HOI. . fa, Ulllle,e_ Pipe 5ia l!i l )i 2
o.lIolto 2)i
0.5.01 •. 1.66 1.90
f OR WOOD nOORS of P,,,,, 2.375 2.875
!-~-!
Bou Oia ,
A
B
21i
4~
5U
2)i
4U
5U
2Ji
'U
5U 6)i
m 3"
6
6
-.•- .,.
"
h'
• D m?n.I~.
C
min.
C
mI.
C
C C C C
min.
C
W
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2!i 3}( 4U
, +' .:' . T
' !i 4 ~4'
2)i 3 ' !i 3)i 4 ~i 'Ii 4U 5 ')i . )i
;. ~_ ~-4) 1
1
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2U
3 2)i 3.,. • • .,. •
2U ' !i 374 4.!4 3,.
3)i
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4U 5
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li
3,.
3)i
2
•
2U 3U 3!i 3U •__ . .....__. •3,.
... _--- .... _- ..... __ . ....._- · ...---...---_. .....
-
... _-_ . ... _-_. .--_. __ . ....._- .....__ . .....__ ...... __.
. )i
. )i
Dtill H o'. . I. ,.•• than
DI.",. te. of BolU
fOR !!£AM8 •• )i · ... _---
---
..._-_. , .. _--- .....__ . ..._--· ..... .... ... .. __. "._-_
3,. . )i
. 2,. ' )i
Welght, lb. '.3 ' .0 3.7 5.0 6.0
Pi"" Size l!i l)i 2 2)i
0.5.0, •.
M!
1.66 1.90 2.375 2.875
. .
01 P i!!!
60.. Oi a. 2)i 2); 2)i 2)i 2)i 2); 2Ji 3" 3" 3" 3"
6 6 6 7 7 7)i 7)i 8 8 12 '2
' . A
POST HO LD E R AN D EYE e O L T
D RI LL H OLES \10" LA RG E R T HA N
DIA M ETER OF eOLT
Tap 10
''''1 Flp.
Ii' Si2e of Pipe 1M l )i 2 2)i
M
•,,. • ' !i ' )i
N
Weight, Lb. 5.0 '"
6.0
1%
1---'-'-
6.2
l Ji
7.0
Corrugated steel. in addition to ita extensive application as roofing and siding for
buildings, is ada ptable to other varied requirements such as lining of shafts, supports
and forms for floor arches, partitions, enclosures and culverts.
Corruga ted sheets are available in steel of regular analysis or in rust-resisting
alloy., usually copper-bearing steel, either black (unpainted mill finish), painted or gal-
vanited. Although the mills oITer a wide choice in types and widths of corrugations, the
curved type illustrated below is generally used. Standard lengths range from 60 inches
to a maximum of 144 inches varying by 12 inches. Other lengths are available but
subject to an extra charge.
,,
!! !
BI OIN!)
.t.nd~01I Ih. . t 2 0~
• iii Co"" alIGN a' 11: ~. I
,3 2411 ,2 " •
,
• •
,
••
:.e " ,.
leo......tlano •• s _,,," I"
J.
Corrugations: Nominal 2J,i inches (actual 2 }~ inches), is preferred for domestic
work, and 3 inch for export.
Roormg sheet is 27J.i inches wide a fter corrugating and has one edge t urned up
and the other down. It is laid with a side lap of l Ji corrugations (covering approxi-
mately 24 inches net width) and a minimum end lap of 6 inches for roof pitch of 4 inches
in 12 inches or over. For roofs under 4 inch pitch the minimum end lap should be 8
inches.
Corrugated steel roofing is !cldom u!led for roo f pitch under 3 inches in 12 inches.
Siding sheet is 26 inches wide a fter corrugating and has both edges of sheet turned
the same way. It is laid with a side lap o f one corrugation (covering approximately
24 inches net width) and a minim um end la p of 4 inches.
For export work, corrugated &heets are frequen tly furn ished with 3 inch corru-
gations a nd in 32 inch width. revering 27 inches net when laid with 2 corrugations side
lap for roofing, a nd 30 inches net with one rerrugation side lap for siding; a lllO in 33~
inch width, revering 30 inches net with 1J.i corrugations side lap, for roofing and siding.
Sheet steel flashing must be provided a t roo f ridge, eaves, windows and wherever
nettSSary to insure watertight results.
The following approximate method of obtaining the grossarea req ui red may be uged :
Roofing - Net area +
end Iape +
15% for side laps of 1"'" corrugat ions.
Siding - Net area +
end laps +
10% for side laps of 1 corrugation.
A M ER IC AN I N ST IT UTIE 0 .. S T E E L. C O N S T RUCTION
143
-
....- 2}i" and 3" Cotruo.o.tionl
u. s.
Man ...
0.,.
Standard
...
facture ••
Th;ck-
,~
miaible
Va,lation
.t:Wi. 0 , 1....
( Black)
Fill Sheell
Po"md. IICIr Sq. Ft.
.~,
26" ShoeIl
Pound, per Sq. Ft.
O~ I~ . Black
Z7}i" $hell!,
Poundl per Sq. Ft.
O.ly, Bl.ck
Mu lmum $pf.n
8elween
Roofing
Suwortl
S iding
------ --- --- --- --- - - - - - -
12 .105 3.5 4.53 4.38 4.88 4.71 4.94 4.77 5'9" 5'10"
14 .075 3.5 3.28 3.13 3.53 3.37 3.58 3.41 5'9" 5'10"
16 .060 3.5 2.66 2.50 2.66 2.69 2.90 2.73 5'9" 5'10"
18 .048 3.5 2.16 2.00 2.32 2.15 2.35 2.18 5'9" 5'10"
20 .036 2.5 1.66 1.50 1.78 1.62 1.81 1.64 5'9" 5'10"
21 .033 2.5 1.53 1.38 1.65 1.48 1.67 1.50 5'9" 5'10"
22 .030 2.5 1.41 1.25 1.51 1.35 1.53 1.36 4'9" 5'10"
23 .027 2.5 1.28 1.13 1.38 1.2\ 1.40 1.23 4'9" 5'10"
24 .024 2.5 1.16 1.00 \.25 1.08 1.26 1.09 3'9" 4'10"
25 .021 2.5 1.03 .88 1.11 .94 1.13 .96 3'9" 4'10"
26 .018 2.5 .91 .75 .98 .81 .99 .82 2'9" 3'10"
28 .015 2.5 .78 .63 .84 .67 .85 .68 2'9" 3'10"
To obtain the weight of black painted sheets, add a.Ollb. per sq. ft. to weight of
black sheets.
Corrugated metal for export work is sometimes spedfied to Birmingham (B.C.)
gage.
Permissible variations apply to weight of steel sheets ordered by \\-'eight or gage
number, in lots of 20 tons and over. For further details of permissible variations see
American Iron and Steel Institute Manual. Section 11.
In most localities. the strap fastenings shown above are a requircO standard.
A fastening now gaining in favor comprises a No. 14 Hell:. Head self-tapping Cap
Screw. applied wholly from outside the structure; with a soft lead washer against the
sheet and a steel washer under the head of the screw.
I I
BATTLEDECK FLOOR
SIMPLE-SPAN CONSTRUCTION
STANDARD I-BEAMS
+71 ?t
SPA N
MAX IMUM S TRIN GE R UNIT S T RESS 18000 PS I . M AX. L. L . D EFLECTI O N """'Si)"i)
,.. -
Plate
T h'k_ li~
S , ~.
14 16 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
18
,..
• --- - - - -- --- --- - - --- -- --- --- - - - -
- -- --
8118.4 8118.4 811M 8123 10125.4 10125.4 101'2M 2[31.8 2131.8 2131.8 2131.B
10 ~ H-W 8118.4
H_l~
811a.~
811M 8123 10125.4 10125.4 IOI'2!l.4 10125.4 12131.8 12131.8 2131.8 12140.8 1514'2.9
H-IS 8118.4 Bl lB.4 8118.4 8118.4 8123 10125.4 10125.4 10125.4 12131.8 2131.8 12131.8 '2131.8
12 ~ H_W B118.4 8123 81'23 10[25.4 10125.4 10125.4 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 2131.8 12140.8 15142.9
14 ~
'" H-" 8118.4
H-W 811M
8118.4 811M 8123
8123
10 /25.4 10125.4 10125.4 1012!>.4 12131.8 12131.8 2131.8 12[35
10125.4 10125.4 10125.4 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12135 1:;142,9'" 1514'2.9*
8[18.4t 8118.4t 8123 t 10125.4f 10125.4t 10125.4' 10125.4t 12131.8 12131.8 2131.8 2131.8 12140.8
16 ~ H-15
H_W 8123 1012!i.4t 10125.41 1012!i.4 t 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12135 12140.8 15142.9 15142.9
H-" 8118.4 OIn 8123 10125.4 10125.4 10125.4 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 2131.8 12135 2140.8
18 Ii: H·W 8123 101 25.4 1012!i.4 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12135 2140.8 12140.8 J!i142.9 15142.9
1012!i.4 10125.4 1012M 12131.& 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 2131.8 12140.8 15[42.9
20 ~ H-" &118.4
""
H_W [0125.4 10125.4 1012!i.4 12131.8 12131.8 [2131.8 12131.8 12[40.8 12140.8 15142.9 15142.9 5[ 42.9
H·15 8123 t 10125.4 1012M 1012!i.4 1012M [2131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12140.8 12140.& 5142.9
22 ~ H·W 10125.4 10125.4 12131.8 [2131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12135 12140.8 15142.9 15142.9 15142.9 15142.9
24 :u: H·15 8123 1012l1.4 10125.4 10125.4 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8
H·W [0125.4 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12131.& 12135 [2140.8 15142.9 "" 12140.8 15142.9 15142.9
5142.9 [5[42.9 5142.9
""
H·15 10125.4 10125.4 10[2M 12131 .8 12131.8 12131.8 [2131.8 12135 2140.8 12140.8 15142.9 5142.9
26 "'Ii: H·W 10125.4t 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12135 12140.8 12140.8 l!il42.9 1514"2..9 15[42.9 5150 81501.7
H-15 10125.4 1012!i.4 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12135 12140.& 12140.8 1,5142.9 15142.9 5142.9
28 'I"• H·W 10[25.4 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12140.& 12140.8 15142.9 16142.9 15142.9 151W 81!lo4.7 181M.7
30 ~
32 ~
H_1 5 1012!i.4 10125.4 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8
H·W 12131.8 12131.8 12131.8 12135
12140.;
H-15 1012!i.4 10125.4 12[31.8 12131.8 12131.8
H·W 12131.8 12131.8f1' 2131. st 15[42.9 15142.9
12131.8
1;5[42.9
12[35
15[42.9
12135
""'.~".,."~"~.'
J!i[42.9 15142.9 51!1O 151:;0
"'' ' 'r'' .
18[M.7 18[54.7
12140.8 15142.9 5[42.9 15142.9 15142.9 5150
15142.9 15142.9 15150 81501.7 181501.7 8154.7
146
PART II
OETAILING PRACTICE
SCREW THREADS
DETAILING PRACTICE
Maximum efficiency in the rabrication of structural steel by modern shops is
entirely dependent upon close cooperation between designing office, drafting room and
shop. Desigils should be favorable to, the drafting room should recognize and call for.
and the shop should adapt its equipment to, the use of recurrent details which have
been standardized.
Consideration should be given to duplication of details and multiple punching or
drilling. Utilization of standard jigs and machine set-ups eliminates unnecessary
handling of material and aids drilling or punching holes in groups.
Column gage lines should oooronn to the standard machine set-ups illustrated
below. Once detennined they should be duplicated as far as possible throughout any
one job. Gages on an individual member should not be varied throughout the length
of that member.
DRILL GAGES
Keep gages and longitudinal spacing alike, if possible, as drilling can be done
simultaneously in both flanges.
,j!
H) ........ i¥!
~t
~~.
~if=l=
-' -.~'.
Minimum" a" - 3", Maximum" a ,. controUed by size of member. Gages other
than standard should be multiples of 3".
PUNCH GAGES
SEATED CONNECTIONS
Seated connections without stiffener angles may be used for the values of end
reactions up to 35 kips given in the table on page 263. Seated connections with single
or double stiffenen are used for values of end reactions given in the table on page 262
or for beams over 18" in depth. It should be noted that the rivets in the vertical leg
detennine the capacity of the connection.
W I N D BRAC I NG CONNECTIONS
=B
Where flanlle. interle" lI
th ey m ust be c u t a. I hown
to 311 0w Insertion of field
rivet. or bolt.. Jit3
Thl,"urflcel. "'" !luln
'-----~j--,'
wlIn web unl, .. chipped
--- ....., - --
, I ~
II ..... ntla, ""Ie ''(luI and Chip
i COPI!: Olherwl.., "".. ''C~I "", Chi","
Fo r wei ll ht. 0 1 It3 n d a rd con n ections a"d minimum _p an , to which applica b le, lee pagU 150 to t U .
Fo r allowab le load _ o n _t andud co n nectionl, lee pagel 252 to 25g.
For m ethod , 01 cal c ul a t ing _pecla l c on n ectlo n l a nd for d eta il of on. Ii d ed co n nectio n " lee pa ges
260 a n d 261 .
Enterlng thl, ubi, with ,Iu of bl,m, the .,.mbol. and wIlghb of Sund,reI "A", "H" and
"HH" ConntcUona ... found togath,r ""lUI thl minimum apan, for whleh ttl',. a .....pectin'),
... meltnt. Information for "H" Conn..,tlonl h .. b"n omltt.d In the ubi" wh,r"., ...
"A", "H" and "HH • Conntctlont .r. for
In I"lWU
In Duuta"dlnlllejil ~o~'rn. Ind. th, ..lo•• , permit th.Nom.v.Ii...... """ Connection,. Sund,rd
""twith J40" riyeU. Ind Ire dlUII-.;I o n p.g.l~l.
Morell,nan.lnformatlon on c.ap.c lty of any conn.ctlon. Sundal'd or Spec ial, will be found
on pall_ 252 to 2M.
W,llIhb Incilldl ,hop (_b) rh'lu only.
"H" "HH"
Section \ ConllKUon Connection
" ""
,'"
...
g .... ' .. 1.... 1""'1...... 1'"' "" Iu.: l':;! ":1 " "'1''"'1'' .... 1'"' .. I.... ""'
" I!"I":. I"' .. ,.,:~: I ""·I ..
.
'",", '" "
,'".. . I"
I 9.4
1 "
,.,'"
! ,,9 , . HH' IIIO "" " li~EI
".'"
I" .. .. , HH8 . 79
1 "
Section ! "A"
ConMCtion
" 1-1 "
Connect;on
" 1-11-1"
Connec:Uon Section
"A"
Connection
" 1-1 "
C<I"neetion
" HH "
Connection
"" AO ,,, H.
14.4
HH' ,. " .., ~
.., " •••
" " " ,.. " •••
'~:6
'*
31.8
". «.
.. ,.•
IG.7
,,... " ". A>
" ..,
" ,""... " 11.S
, " 18. 4
A>
" ... 10
1 ~.~ A1
• ..::6
,
U
--
14.7
• ~J
" "
tTIw3! _naN are governtd by web bean"a or web s hear.
(Ii
r ± It i±i
~1
t It IIIlli lil P
!t if __ . . "H " ....... 2-L! 8 .. 4 .. ,7" 2-1! e,,4 . "
8".a . /r,
~
" HH " ....... :Z. I!
Enuring this hbl. with ,b, of bum. the symbol, Ind weiohu 01 Standard "8", "K" Ind
"KK" Connection. 'r,found, toglther with \I,.
minimum Ipanl for which thlY Ir. rapeetl~.ly
sufficient. Inform.tlo" for "K" Conne<;tlonl h •• b.. n omitted In the tables wh .... ,hear In rlvtolf;
In out.tandlng lei!' gow.nt.nd, t" ....
,o •• , IM.mlt tho •• mo nh...... "B" Connections. $undlrd
"B", "K" , .. c:I"KK" Connection..... 'or u .. with",, " rl~.ta Ind .... dluiled on pliO' 153.
MO"'lIenor.llnformltion on c:apllclty of Iny connKtlon, SUndard Or SIIKI.I, will be; found
o n PIO" 252 to 264.
Wolghulncludo ,hop (web) rlvitl on ly.
"K" "1<1<"
C~ ......
~-
I"
, " .. K", ..
5eo;tion "8"
Conoection
" K"
Conneo;\Jon
I "KK"
Connection
""'."
"8"
Conn.,;Uon
"K"
Conntdion
"I(K"
Connection
,. .,
.".
...." "
.00
..
~
21.1
19.1
16.6
15.6
KKO
'U
" ...•••
. . ...
"
" ••• ••
.
•••
•. ,
;:~
K>
..,•••
KK>
...,...,
~
~BI
..
12.' KK< 33
~. 11.1
17.2~!Bi
" .,. •• " ~r " '-'
KK<
" a, • • •••
. 'U 13
• 14.1
" • ,'"..
tTbete .pane ..... gQVemed by web banns or ..eb IMar .
.....
T-[
S TANDARD TWO-A N G LE CONNECTIONS " 8 " SII!:III IU
~ 87 86 as 84 83 BZ 8 1
1f -r1tLit;~
, ....,.. ,\.
.~'- -: Im.J.~.~ ~
l!Iq . . 1\..... ~
•• I
2~1l~ 2t· "KK" _ 2 · 1!: 8.6.1. 2 · 1! h h l
SEATED CONNECTIONS
.....
W 3Vo In. ~ In.
..... I
W 3\1, In. &!. In.
..... Standard 3'11 hI.. 5% In.
-
8MrillQ Beuing Beating Bear ing 8NtillQ 8eari"ll
..... .....
Mu. M,. Mu. M in.
..... .....
Mu. M'. Mu. M in.
..... .....
Mu. M i", M •• M ill,
-- .. ""
we W,. We
"". .,"
. ~~
.
.",. C>.
C>. i':; i':; C>. i':; ~.: J:~
, .. .....
. ,~ Ki~ . ,~
Ki...
. "" ""
,u
"" . ,
'"
'" " .. "
n
'" 18, 1 lUI
1U
'"'",,,.. ....."
19.0 18.7
'"~
51.1
42.5 '"
'"'" 31.4 19.0
,.,
42.1
43 .•
'"
31.4
....
31.6
" "
"
19.1:1
,u "
" '"
" ...
" '" ". ...
10.6
'" ..,.,,
.. ""
31 .• M 12.2
.
42.11
''"" ,.
'" ''".. .
42.0
,,.
...,, " '". " '""." " '" 10.1
". .."..
19.'
.... "..
..
II• 16.~
" "
II.'
.
16.' M
'" "., ".'"
,,. ".,
'" ".,".. " " ,,, " 16.' " n
12.0
11.9 "
..
17.0 12.0
n
... , , .
. '"'" ''"" ....",,... '" ......"., .. .." " '" " ". . .." ....,••, ..,10,'"
a.,
M "
" 1~.2
15.2 "" "
10.'
10.'
10.'
42.'
..
II.
n,
31.7 13.6
n
" ,. .. ....
21.7
''" " 13.'
..
u
".. '" .........,,, .
nt
"" " .. .. ..
OJ
"
.'" """" "....,, '".."" ..."."., " ..."" ."" ... ". ..,.. " " ,.•
'"
In
n•
... '" " " '" 11.7
M
• , u
'"
.. ,,'".... "" '"'". """., " .., .." •••
10.7
10.0
'-'
n..
.. .... .. ".. " "" "" ..•••, " •••••
31.7
31.1
31.1
" ".,
''''.. "" ..., .""
'" " "
.. " ,.•
21.0
'" a., 21.0
" ••
• " " ..•••,
tTheee I paM are lO~tmtd by ... ~b . hear.
" " l' , .
;:~
BEAM SEPARATORS
TYPI CA L BUILT- UP SEPARATORS
PUTE ANO ANOU:
,_. PIPE
e.
ANOLL
~
NIx. Nu.
~'-h~
If..... Nut
, e" ~
lAngth "/" o. to D. of rod .hould
~ IjMCifleciln multi pi.. of 3 lnc:hlL
Diameter Total We igh t
4 "'ata
W. I~ht
Dna
,,,,,Iud..
...gon nut
,'". ---
lMlilth
% .0871
--- '"-
---
~ .1251 + .28 In ~.n.r.l. built-In 'nchor bolta
.hou d ..tend Into th, m'lIOnl')' l ' 0" 3_'
,
)i .1701 +.46
•2231 + .70
not I... thin 2' ' '', and farther
wh.n nK ..... ry . ')(
Hi
" 3"
I' 3"
6_.
8.7
GOVER NM E NT A NCHORS ANG LE WALL ANCHORS
Do,"
I 1
d
".m
'".
,.
'"-• .".
W•.~hl
w,
co.
--- ~ "
-.••
.,-
.1
, under
'0' 7
~ #
•
12-14 6 •••
I"
~
e' 15-16
18
9
9 ,. •
-.•
~"
20-21 '2 <
Rod 1'1" Long. W.lght 3 pOund.
24 &. over <
'2
AMERICAN IN STITUTE OF S T EEl.. CONSTRUCTION
156
a.,OId on DI ... ,",lon, of Sttuctur.1 Rivet., PlI\lIUO, and L,nllth of Structural Rivet., PIIlII62.
_ _ IBmI... ,O_
na ..._
of cOl ........ Im.rr.,. ....",
_.ffalnlneto _ _ Of_
--.
c:olllmn, 'M lalw., .....,' M out
<-> <$>
II '4 W428 to 142 II>.
8 14 'IF 131110 871b.
7 14"'841078: 12WIIIOto8811>.
8 14W7410B I: 12YF 68 aMI S3 : 10 W' ln III 4\1 Ib.
ERECTION CLEARANCES
11 l M 2~ 11 3226}<.l 31
~k j
~ ~
1111 11 D! ['7
1 .1- ", '" ,
,
3"
4
,, ,"
,yo
,
,
, '"
20/,
3
,
__,0" ',
,
If hammer can be "rolled, " easier driving and more symmetrical heads are ob-
tained. To permit this, distance .. F" must be as given here and field rivets must
have a perfect stailler with shop rivets.
) ....
I I
L."_
A -STANDARD ()PEN HA.'"DLE J AM RI\'ETER ~INVERTEO HANDLE
No. 130
PIPE RAILING
TYPICAL DETAILS SHOWING US!! OF STANDARD "'TTINGS
' t] ~ .
;:::=:::0;~ f--C ~
,I, i
I
..... B-6
.'-
f
...... A·A
..... c.c
,",
"
r
RECOMMENDED S I ZES
1 '>!I Inch SUndar<! Plpalor RIIII •.
Ion Inch Extr. Strong Pipi for
POSh.
SUrdarel IIttl .. gt, to b, 'Ue6 ... 1'1 ......... poulbll,
'hou l" b, de. lgnat.-! by tylM' and ,bill' of outld,;
d,tall alm,," ,io"l .hould not appellr on d.lwlng.
or mlterill' ord,..., Post. ar. __ mbltd In 0'"
pi.." with th ....de6 IIttlnll" R,II • • hould bt
continuo ... throullh IIttlnOI It Inte,medln, post.
(ph'nlHll ,lip Jolntlll and th ••• de<! 10. conn ... tlon
at ando of run •. Ran ...... pLleed with Itllnd.rd
"o"pllno.·
Hal.. 10;>' ~ Inch pin, to b, drm.d.
•• All thrud, .10ht hind II f.r . . pOUlblt.
Sea pI" .. '4O Ind 141 fordltalls 0' IIttlngl.
PIPE RAILING
T Y P I CA l.. DETA I I..S SHOWINO USE 01" Sf>£C ' AL F I TTINGS
,,'
I II"
R ECOMME N DE D S I ZES
..."A·A
.......
1'ti. Inch btr. Strong Pipi for
,
~:J~
• G_ H
~o-
001V£N HEADS
,.,
! :i
Hl>...
DO<
li ji ~
.L.:.l
-.-
DRIVING CLEARANCC
"BMic o;.....,.;..~. High Button (kom) HeIdI: ""-an Institute aI 8oIt, Nut and Rivet Mf.... 19J1.
• ' )f
* ' )( .~ ' J.i
~
~; • • A
H
1.50
.425 A
+~ ~
~ .'" n, .'" '. •
."lio ')(
% li
' li
'lio ji
2
%
2"
I~'
2~
••
H ,75 D + }i J.i
'" % % % ')(
"
Die, In.
K
-•
.5 D
.)(
'i
ji
" • '",2 " ~
2)( 21 -
Ji
2)( 3
li
3)(
%
3J.i
ji
3ji
Driving E (min.) ~ 'li ' )( 1~ l )i 1~ 1~
Clearance E (praf.)
• ')f 1)( , ~ . J.i lli l ji 1~ 2
Inchea
i• Cou."_nk
.""c;:ltlppOd
1 ~.,-~
·t· n l' "
Fl.tt...... "'
y".""."ltw.to *' Flatt'''"''' 10 . ·
,"11""".""_ ,I••
• eo.._nk
• HOI ....
<, :;; ;J -
~
);! ,;
, ~ :. -.- ~! IH
... z. -.- <, ...,,- -..- --
:. 1i~ lI~
"- l.
);~
~ •• ..
:~ -: hS!
:.
~lr:$l~-~
USUAL G A GES FOR A NG L ES. I N C H ES CR I M PS
Log 876
1-
5
• 3'i 3 2~ 2
I~ l )i . ~ ' )(
-
I b .. t + 1f1"
M In. ..
S g
g,
g.
4M'4
3
3
"I::
2}i 2J~ 2
3 12MIN
A M ER1C,o, ,.,.
3 l
J.i 2 ,ji' l1 1~
~
..
1<1
ir Wi'ti
~4~~, ~.
.. ,', ,
'-$-,, ",
: • loil, •
, , ""
I . • '"
l ',
.
I
'
RIVET SPACING
fiJi'"
T MINIMUM PITCH FOR MACH IN E R I VETING
~
Oia, of
RiV'8t
, k
Oillance, I, lnche.
2)1 2M 2!! 2;0; 2){ 3
1)1 I Ji I!! 1;0; I ){ 2
I~ I~
!! 1> I" Ji 0
;0; I I!! ){ ;0; 0
!! 1)1 I" 1)1 I l{ )j 0
){ l Ji 1~ - -- l Ji l )j I ){ 0
% I !! 2 ........ 1)1 I!! 1)1 % )j 0
I 1;0; 2" . -.- ...... -.......... I!! 1;0; l)j 1)1 % )1 0
1)1 I!! 2!! -- --- ....... ................. 1U I!! 1)1 I !! 1)1 1> 0
I ){ Il{ 2!! -- . ....... . ....... ...... - -..... -- 2 1% I ){ 1;0; lJi I !! 0
I!! 1% 2'" ....... -. 2)j 2 l )j I l{ 1)1 lJi )1 0
1;0; 2 3 ...... -....... - ...--- .. .... ....... . ... - 2U 2)j 2 11> I!! 1)i 0
MINIMUM PITC H TO MAINTAIN 3 DIA METERS C _ TO C_
Distance, (I, InchM
Oi&. of m
Rivet 3)1 3){ 4
I lJi 1)1
1= 1'" 2 2 )4 2;0;
I~ 3 I~ I~ 4;0;
!! 1)1 )1 0
)1 1)1 1)1 1> 0
!! 1% I!! l )j l)j !! 0
){ 2Ji 2 1% I!! I!! I 0
1> 2)j 211 2)j 2)j 2 I){ l )j l{ 0
I 3 2% 2){ 2!! 2)1 2Ji 2 I!! l)j 0
1% 3!! 3Ji 3% 3 2% 2){ 2;0; 2U 2 1)1 % 0
lJi 3U 3!! 3 15 31> 3)j 3Ji 3 2l{ 2)1 2Ji 1% l )j 0
l )j 4)1 4 4 3% 3l{ 3)j 3;0; 3Ji 3)1 2% 2)1 2)1 lU I 0
1;0; 4'2 4)j 4!! 4Ji 4)1 4 3% 3){ 3)1 3)j 3)1 2% 2;0; 2 1;0; 0
..
Orip
'M'-
e FULL HE"O
D i~ .... I....
)4
~=~J @,:~
.
Le nIN!:
of Ri .... t, Inchel
, ,....,
Grip
COUNTERSUNK HEAD
)i
C---~;;.j
".
!o--lAnlllh
J{ 1 )4
~
)1 -.lL ..1L
)1 ' J{ I» '» 2 2)i
' )i ' )4
)1 , , ')i
»
' )4
-'-
')4
')1 ' )4
3" • • •
2 3)i 3)i 3)4 3)4 3» 2 2» 2» 2» 2» 2» 3 3
)i 3)4 3J{ 3» . )i ')4 3li 3 3 3 3 3)i 3)i
3)4 3» 3» . )i ')4 11)4 3)4 3)i 3)i 3)i 3)4
~
' )4 3)4 3)4
•. )i •., )i)4 •. )i . )i ' )4 ' )4
' J{ . )i
' )1 3J{ 3)4 3)4
3)1 3)1 3)i
3J{
3)i
3)4
3)1
3)4 3)4
' )4 ' )4 . )i
' )4
. )i ' J{
' J{
' )4
a JU 3)4 3J{
3» 3)4 3)4
3J{ 3J{
3)4
3l{
3" • •
3)4
3l{
~
., 4"
' J{ ' )4 ' J{ :~
' )4 ' )4 ' J{ ' J{ ' )4 '» 3)4 3» 3»
3 ........
' )4 . »
5 5)i
5
5)4 3
» • 3» 3»
........ . )i . )i
3» 3»
.)i ' )i . )i
)i .~ ' » 54;.i 5)i 5)4 5J{ )i ........ ' )4 ' )4 41, . )i
' )4 ')4 ' )4
)4 ........ 5 5 5)i 5)4 5J{ 5)i )4 ..•..... 4J{ 4J{ ' J{ 4J{ 4J{ 4J{
J{
a
........ 5)i 5)i 5)4
........ 5J{ 5J{ 5J{
5)i 5)i 5)i
5J{ 5J{ 5J{
5J{ 5)i
5)i 5J{
5J{ 5)4
5)4 5»
5J{
5)4
5»
6
a~ ........ 4)i 4)i
4 ~, ' J{
4'
... - .... 5 4"
5
4)i ' )i 4)i
' J{ 4J{ 4J{
' )4 ' )4 ' »
5 5 5
4)i
4J{
4»
5
» 5" 5)4 5" 5» 6 6)i ........ 5)i 5)i 5)i 5)i 5)i 5)i
4
)i
......•. ........ 5» 6
...., ... ........ 6)i
6 6)i
6 6)i
6)4 6J{
6)4
6)i
4
)i
..-..... ........ 5)4
5J{ m l~
5)4
5J{
5)4
5J{
II
~
6J{
6)4
6J{ 6)i
6)i 6J{
6~
6)4 6'
6J{ 6;'
6)i 6J{
6J{ 6)4
6" 6»
6J{
6)4
6»
7
a
J{
........ 5)i
........ .....•.. 5J{
5)4
....., .. ........ 6
....... ........ 6)i
5)i 5)i 5;'
5J{ 5J{ 5J{
5J{
6 6 5" 5" 65"
6
5)i
5J{
~
6» 7 6)i 6)i 6)i
~
7)i 6)i
6» 7 7 7)i 7)4 ........ ........ 6)4 6)4 6)4 6)4 6)4
5
11)i
........ _...•.. ....., ..
........ ........ ........
7)i
~~
7)i 7)4
7)4 7)i
~~
7)i
m
7)i
5
)i
)4
....•, .. ........ ........
.... _....
........ ...., ... ........
6)i 6)i 6)i
6)i 6)i 6)i
6J{ 6J{ 6J{
6)i
6)i
6J{
7)i
7)4 7)4 7~ i~
7'
)i 6)4 6~ 6)4
6» 6' 6»
6)4
~ ~)4
6»
7» 7» 8 8 ........ ........ ..•..... 7 7 7 7
)4 .......• ........ ........ 8 8 8)i 8)i ..... .. ........ ........ 7)4 7)4 7)4
» ........ .... _.. ........ 8)i 8)i 8)4 8li » 7)i 7)i 7)i i~
Above ~bte m .. y v.. ry from Itand .. rd P"'~tJc, oll nd ivtduat fabricator. and , holl id b, ~heckad
against S ll~ Iundard, by IIMr.
WEIDHT WITH ONE HIGH BUTTON (ACORN) MANUfACTUR ED HEAD IN POUNDS PER 100
,....
""'''
Oi.meler 01 Rivet, hlChN
li li 1 lli l Ji
...,""-
",,,
)i li
Diameter of Rlvel, lnehet
li 1 l Ji
.~ -
"
)i
I~
" 5
li
........
.......•
50
51
74 104 138 180 226
76 106 141 183 230
-
3
" li 20
21
32
33
48
50
68
70
91 120 152
94 123 156 7
"
li ........ ........
........ ........
98 136 180 233
100 138 183 236
291
295
li 21 34 51 72 97 127 161 li ........ ........ 101 140 186 240 300
Ji 22 35 53 74 99 131 165 Ji .. ...... ........ 103 142 188 243 304
li 23 36 54 76 102 134 169 li ........ ........ 104 144 191 247 308
)i 23 37 56 79 105 138 174 )i ........ ....... 106 147 194 250
313
li 24 38 57 81 108 141 178 li ........ ....... - 107 149 197 254
317
39 83 110 145 182 ........ ........ 109 151 199 257 321
"
25 59
4
" li 26
26
40
41
60
62
85 113 148 187
87 116 152 191 8
li .. _- .... ........ 110
........ ...... -- ........
153
155
202 261 326
205 264 330
27 42 64 119 155 195 li ........ ....... - ........ 157 268 334
li
Ji 28 44 65 '"
91 122 159 200 Ji ........ ....... - .......
...... -.- . ........
159
208
211 271 339
li 28 45 67 93 124 162 204 ~ 161 213 275 343
)i 29 46 68 96 127 166 208 Ji ..... ....... - ....... 164 216 278 347
li 30 47 70 98 130 169 213 li ........ ........ ........ 166 219 282 352
100 133 173 217 ........ ........ ........ 168 m 285 356
" li
30
31
48
49
71
73 102 135 176 221
"
li ........ ........ ........ 170 224 289 360
SCREW THREADS
Amerlc.an National Fo rm
American Sbndard, B 1.1 - 193 5.
• Ii t-=='---j
DIAMETER
'R'" N., N~ber 1--;c"O
O'=
' 'iM
OETCER
;::;_I_-;:::c':R
:;'''--;;:;,--_1
'' NU~ber
TobJ Net Toul Tllread. Total Net Total Net Thread,
°
In. K
In.
Di• ., D
Sq. In.
o ia., I(
Sq, In. l:h I~. I~. ~~'i n~ ~~jn~ .:t.
.185 .04' .(127 20 3 2.675 7.069 5.621 4
.294 .110 .068 16 3)( '.925 8.296 6.720 4
.400 .196 .126 13 3)i 3.175 9.621 7.918 4
.507 .307 .202 11 3U 3.425 11.045 9.214 4
.620
.731
.442
.601
.302
.419
10
, 4
4)(
3.675 12.566 10.608 4
SiZH Over 4" . ... old U. S. St"ndnd; there I. no American Stand a rd.
Dlmenslon t .... maxim"m; s pecify "Free Fit_ Cla u 2." For 801t. from 2~ " to 6" diameter It
I, always n _ r y to bill thO numbor of thread. per In c h.
1 )( )(
1)( 1 1
l }i 1 130 130
,
1~ 1
1)(
1)< l )i
1'<0
1)(
1%
1'<0
1'<0 ,
' }i
,,,
3 1)( l )i 1)( ' )i
4 1)< l )i ' )i 3)( 3)( 3)(
5 1)< l )i ' )( 3)( 3% 4 4)1 474"
6
8
10
l )i l )i
l )i
l }i ~:m'<o
1,
,,.,
,,.,,.
3l(
33)<"
3)(
4
4)(
4U
3%
4)(
4
4
4
4 )(
4;'
4;'
4~
4 )(
4 )(
4~
12
16
20
30
l )i
l )i 1 '
l }i 1 '
1)( llJ,f,
,,.,,. 3 )(
3)(
4
4
4)(
4)(
4)(
4~
4!(
5U 5J> 6)i 6)i 6)i
5)(
5)(
5)(
5)(
5)(
5U
6)(
6)(
6)(
for IntermedlUo bolt len\lth., ... me minimum thread length u for next . horter tabulated length.
1\1 ~,~~t=r
I-
• ~.~ •
HEADS AND NUTS ~r::::d~ ~:':d~ American Standard Bolt and Nut dimens io n.
RII(IUI3' H round~d 10 tho no ......t 'til Inch, are thou adopted
__.,--____I________I__N_"__ I by American Inltlt .. tl 01 60lt Nut and Rivet
I Holght, H %0
Man .. l.et"'.... American Standard 8 18.2- 1941.
~ 0 +'A I" "American Standard Regula." formorly ""lied
HEAD
I .
Short O,a. , F
Height, N n OD
I>,i; 0
Man ufact"r,," Stand. rd. American Standard, etc.
" "Ame.lcan Standard Heavy" forme.ly called
I'AD + ~\
United States Standard. Some fabricators ha ....
Ita"dard head. and nuts di"'erln" only allghtly
from the tab l g. For bolt. with count .... unk lIud.
NUT tl\e Included a ngle I, 78 dogteet, the ... me as for
"I,iO + Ya,"(O- %"orIUl) ,L D + ,L" rivets. Sell page 160 for dlmo n .,onl.
I .-. D
S n.." I L , 1'hO (OllreaI8r~n%") 17~ .,...
DiL
,•..
Bolt Oilmet ... , In.
.<AD
,•.
Height -
STAN DAR D
. ...'•".,
DiatTllller, I...
""" SOOrt
D I M ENSIONS
Oi,,-
Oiamator, In.
Long I Short
He~ght
I .
..
Diameter, in.
LOI\iI
f-='-
st-t
2 3Ut
2U 3J.i
2~ 4U
2~ 4%
3 ~
3.!1 - - 5'"
3);1 6
3~ 6'J..jJ
• 6%
7~
6 6
6li
:~
6'"
7% 6~ 6j{
' j{ 8.!1 7~ 7);1
5 8'(6 7~ 7);1
5J.( 9 7% 7Ji
5);1 9~ au 8J.(
8li
5~ 91~' 8~
6 lOU 9 • '2~ 9
W E IGHT O F BO LTS
WITH SQUARE HEADS AND HE XA GON NUTS
POUNDS PER ,GO
'"
Th l, he,d and nut combination, ualnll "American Stand a rd Re!ilul a." dlm.nelon., I, ua .. el
-
practlee with ma ny fabrlcatorl.
..
I ii 3.4 6.1 8.8 13.3 17.7 73
1M 3.8 6:6 '.6 14.4 19.0 35 52 77 109 151 199
2 4.1 7.2 10.4 15.4 20.4 37 55 115 158 208
2M 4.5 7.7 11.1 16.5 21.8 39
41
58
90
'20
126
165
172
216
225
2ll 4.8 8.2 11.9 17.5 23.2 61
2M 5.2 8.8 12.7 18.6 24.6 43 64 94 131 17' 234
3 5.5 '.3 13.5 19.7 26.0 45 68 98 137 187 242
3M
31i
5.'
6.2 •••
10.4
14.3
15.1
20.7
21.8
27.4
28.8
48
50
71
74
102
107
142
148
194
201
251
260
3M 6.6 11 .0 15.8 22.' 30.2 52 77 111 153 208 268
4 6.' 11.5 16.6 23.9 31.6 54 60 115 15. 215 277
4M 7.3 33.0 83 165 222 286
41i
4M
7.6
8.0
12.0
12.6
13.1
17.4
18.2
19.0
25.0
26.1
27.1
34.4
35.7
56
58
61
86
8'
"'
124
128
170
176
220
236
294
303
5 8.3 13.7 19.8 28.2 37.1 63 .3 132 181 243 312
5M 8.6 14.2 20.5 29.3 38.5 65 96 136 187 250
257
321
329
30.3 39.9 99 141 '92
~~
'.0 14.8 21.3 67
'.3 15.3 22.1 31.4 41.3 6' 102 14. 198 264 338
6 9.7 15.9 22.' 32.4 42.7 71 105 14. 204 271 347
6M 10.0 16.4 23.7 33.' 44.1 74 106
111
153
158
209
215
278
285
355
364
61i lOA 16.9 24.' 34.6 45.5 76
6M 10.7 17.5 25.2 35.6 46.9 78 114 162 220 292 373
7 11.1 lB.O 26.0 36.7 48.3 60 118 166 226 299 381
7M 11.4 18.6 26.8 37.8 49.7 82 121 170 231 306
313
390
399
38.8 84 124 175 237
;~
11.8 19.1 27.6 51. 1
12.1 19.7 28.4 39.' 52.4 87 127 179 242 320 407
8 12.5 20.2 29.2 41.0 53.8 8. 130 183 248 327 41 6
81i ............ 21.3 30.7 43. ' 56.6 93 136 192 2•• 34' 434
•
' ll
........•... 22.4
............ 23.'
32.3
33.'
45.2
47.4
59.4
62.2
98
102
143
'4'
200
209
270
281
356
370
451
468
10 ............ 24.6 35.4 49.5 65.0 106 155 217 293 384 486
101i ............ ............ 37.0 51.6 67.8 111 161 226 304 398 503
11 ............ ............ 38.6 53.7 70.5 115 168 234 315 412 520
11 Ii ............ ............ 40.1 55.' 73.3 243 326 426 538
12
121i
..._....... ............ 41.7 58.0
............ ............ ............ 60.1
76.1
78.9
"'
' 24
128
174
160
186
251
260
337
348
440
454
655
573
13 ............ ............ ............ 62.3 81.7 132 193 268 359 468 590
131i ............ ............ ............ 64.4 84.5 137 199 277 370 482 607
... _....... ... _....... ............ 66.' 496 62.
14
141i
15
............ ............ ............ ............
............ ............ ............ ............
87.2
90.0
92.8
141
14'
150
205
211
218
285
294
302
"'393"
404
510
525
642
660
15ll ... _....... ............ ............ ............ 95.6 154 224 311 41' 53• 677
16 ..
............ ............ ........... 98.4 158 230 320 426 .53 694
Po,""
addttlon.1
1.4 ~ 3:1" 4.3 -----s:s- ----s:7 "'"f2:5 ""'171) 22.3 28.2 34.8
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE 01" STEEL CONSTRUCTION
,.7
WEIGHT OF BOLTS
SPECIAL CASES
IN P OU NDS PER 100
As stated on page 166, usual practice is Square Head and Hexagon Nut, "American
Standard Regular". For other combinat ions of head and nut, or for .. American Stand-
ard Heavy", make the appropriate deductions and additions of weights of head! and
nuts as tabulated below, from the weights per 100 found on page 166.
I Hexagon Head.
Square Nul.
••
.81
1.2
1.7
1.'
2.3
2.8
' .1
' .5
5.•
15
"
.,
25 36
35
.2
••'2
73
67
Hexagon Nut • .64 1.' 1.' 3.7 '.2 12 18 28 54
. .
- - - - - -1---,;- - -
Square Heads ..__. ._-_. 28 I. . 61 11 2
l' Hexagon Heads . __ . ._-_ . --_. ._-_
----.
'.5
8.2 14 2. 36 53
84
73
l Square Nuls ._-_.
_-_.
--_. ._--
..__.
7.' 14 23 35 50 92
Hexagon Nuts . --_ . __ _ 0-
6.' 11 1. 28 41 56 73
HEAVY BOLTS
Weights of bolts over l~ inches in diameter may be calcu1ated from the (ollowing
da". Standard practice is " American Standard Regular" head with .. American Stand-
ard Regular" or .. Heavy" nut, as specified.
53.
881
764
874
1257 1666
2241 271.
1941
Square N uls
180
Hexagon Heads 162
154
295
254
242
432
3n
356
608
538
'96
825
727
67.
"'"
880
831 1082
1401
1214
1n5 2115
1526 1806
1767 2043
2715
2344
2303
3312
....
2845
H exagon Nuts 123 208 303 • 22 573 742 1008 11 96 1485 1789 2184
,""undll J1iSh.ank
11-
---- --11.391 -1.683
.5007 .6815 .8800 1.127
--- ---- --
2.003 2.348 2.723 13 .126 3.566
Inc:to
MINIMUM RADIUS
The following Table gives safe minimum inside radius for structural steel, A.S.T.M.
Specification A7. when cold flanged with the bend transverse to the direction of final
rolling. Limiting thickness, one inch.
For cold flanging thickeT plates. or plates of harder Bteel. or {or flanging with the
bend parallel to the direction of fmal rolling, greater radii will be required, and can
best be determined by experiment on repret.entative samples.
I
L4ngth of PI_ Minimum ' ....ide Rldl... of Bend
ALLOWABLE LOADS
BY
A. I. S. C. SPECIFICATION
CAPACITIES OF
PIPE COLUMNS
The tables of allowable loads for Wide Flange. American Standard, and Miscel-
laneous Shapes used as simple beams. give the total aUowable unifonnly distributed
loads in kips. for ordinary spans laterally supported, based on the stresses specified in
the A. 1. S. C. Standard Specification. The loads include the wcight of the beam,
which should be deducted to arrive at the net load which the beam wi!! support.
The tables are also applicable to Simple beams laterally supported, carrying a single
concentrated load at the ecnter of the span. For this condition the allowable ameen-
trated load is one-half the 3110wable uniformly distributed load for the same span.
It is assumed in all cases that the loads are applied normal to the X-X axis as shown
in the tables of properties of shapes, and that the beam deflects vertically in the plane
of bending only. If the conditions of loading involve forces outside of this plane. the
allowable loads must be detennined from the general theory of flexure. in accordance
with the character of the load and its mode of application.
SHEARING STRESSES. With relatively short spans the allowable loads for beams
and channels may be limited by the shearing or buckling strength of the web. instead of
by the maximum bending stress allowed in the flanges. This limit is indicated in the
tables by solid cross lines. Loads shown above these lines wi\1 produce the maximum
allowable shear on the beam web.
LATERAL DEFLECTION OF BEAMS. The allowable loads given in the tables are
calculated on the assumption that the compression flanges of the beams are properly
secured against yielding.
These loads are however also a llowable on the same spans, without side support.
provided that the quantity ldfbt does not exceed 600. (See A. I.S.C. Specification Sect.
15 (a) for definition of terms.) Therefore the fWlction d / bt, which is a beam property.
is tabulated under each beam weight, and immediately below is tabulated, as Lu. the
greatest span in fee t for which ldfbt does not exceed 600.
When Id / bt CJl:ceeds 600, the pennissibJe unit stress muSl be reduced below 20,000
p.s.i .. in accordance wilh the formula
12.000.000
r- lei.
bl
This fonnula may be solved by the aid of the tabulated values of d/bt. The allow-
able load must then be reduced below that tabulated for the span. in the same ratio
3S the value of f thus calculale<l bears to 20,000.
However, the selection of a beam for trial calculation may not be simple. Il will
usually be simpJifled by the use of the charts which appear on pages 203 to 206 hereafter.
.- SWI'
---
384 E I
where .6. -deflection in inches. W _ total uniform load including weight of beam in
pounds. and I ... span in inches. For E ... 29.000.000 pounds per &quare inch and flexural
stress 20000 pounds per square inch the fonnula reduces to.
0.02069 LI
d
where L _ span in feet. and d-depth of beam or girder in inches.
The live load deflection of floor beams carrying plastered ceilings should be limited
to not more than 1/360 of the span length. This limit is not reached on the span lengths
herein tabulated.
SUMMARY
OF
SYMBOLS
d depth of beam
-bt- - -;::::=:~77:;"'C"=,all in inches.
breadth X thickness
of flange
Lu - length of span. in rt" up to which the tabulated loads are safe with or without
lateral support.
HORIZONTAL LINES
- Load next below is maximum for Standard .. A" Series beam connection.
- - - - - Load next below is maximum for Standard" B" Series beam connection.
(For greater loads use "H", "HH ", " K" or "KK" Series, or special conneetiona.)
BEAMS 36
I
IN' BEAMS
A LLOWA BL E UNI FORM L OA D S IN K IPS
F OR BE A M S LAT ERALLY S UPPOR TED
For bea m. ratera lly unll.lpport.d . . .. p. o' 202.
~i
.51
l
. ,9
.~
.1.
.11
.\3
.15
l: -~-
21 566 .25
~
655 604
22
23
24
25
67.
641
614
589
625
598
573
on
551
528
607
540
517
.96
.76
506
.84
464
446
'02
I
-m-331
31.
301
305
292
~
.28
.30
.33
-~-
550 309 .36
~
26
27
28
29
567
546
526
508
529
509
'91
47'
488
47.
.53
.37
'58
441
.25
4\ .
'28
.\3
398
~
328
316
305
319
307
~ 1 2~-
296 1: 297
231
.39
.42
.45
.48
~~
30 ' 91 ' 58 '23 295 22' .52
461 .30 2,.
~~
32 348 2n 24\ 225 21. .59
34 . 33 328 244 227 212 197 .66
36
38
'"
42
4<l9
388
i
-lfi- ;;; . ill~ ::: -! -
302
;';t
313
298
31.
293
279
~
233
221
211
230
218
207
197
2"
203
193
184
200
190
180
172
186
177
168
160 1.01
.75
.83
.92
44 201 188 176 164 "2 1. 11
46 320 192 180 168 157 146 1.22
48
50
307
fs4 ill 232
223
184
177
173
166
161
154
150
144
14.
\3.
1.32
1.44
1- 1-1-
52 244 229 21. 17. "9 149 139 129 1.55
54 2" 220 206 164 153 143 134 12' 1.68
56 227 2\3 199 158 148 138 129 120 1.80
58 237 219 205 192 153 143 133 12. 116 1.93
60 229 211 197 186 148 138 129 120 112 2.07
62 222 205 192 18. 143 134 125 116 108 2.21
64 23. 215 198 186 174 138 129 121 113 105 2."
66 223 208 192 18' 169 134 126 117 109 102 2.50
68 217 202 187 175 164 130 122 106 99 2.66
~ ~ :~ ~~! ~~ :~ :~ ::: "'
:~~
103
100
96
93 ~.~
, • AND
I ~ in.' 105.1
1 '~,,\2 951.1 892.5 835.5 663.6 621.2 579 .1 541.0 502.9
V kips .51 398 376 357 365 34' 320 306 291
A kips 1<3 \32 123 II . 108 104 97 89 84 80 '"
~a;:
G kips 22.7 21.2 20.3 19.2 18.4 18.5 17.4 16.3 15.7 15.0
N in. 17.1 17.1 17 .1 17.1 17.1 17.6 17.6 17.7 17.6 17.6
A M ER I(;AN I N STITUTE OF STEEL CON STRUCTION
176
33 BEAMS
I
W' BEAMS
ALLOWAB LE UNIFOR M LOADS IN KIPS
FOR BEAMS L ATE R ALLY S UPPORTED
"'" 11 M
.
33 X 1SU- 33
'"
,~,
X
OIflOclion
240 220 I 200 102 141 130
'''''"
' 1.51 1.65 1.82 2.74 3.01 3.36
33 J() 27 18 16.5 15
'"
10 498 .06
11
12
13
554
~~
524
496
458
::
415
.08
.09
.11
14 724 670 614 463 426 385 .12
15 721 595 432 397 359 .14
16 676 ~ 558 405 372
-
337
3Tf-
.16
17 636 581 525 382 350 .18
18 601 549 496 360 331 300 .20
19 569 520 470 341 - 31 f - 284 .23
20 541 494 446 _ ~24 _ 298 269 .25
21 515 470 425 J()9 284 257 .28
22 492 449 406 295 271 245 .J()
23 470 429 388 282 259 -234-- .33
24
25
I 451
433
412
395
3n
357
270
259 -,;;;- 248 225
216
.36
.39
26 416 360 343 249 m 207 .42
27 401 33~ _ 240 221 199 .46
28 386
366
353 -m- - ,J2-- 213 193 .49
29 373 34 1 J()8 224 205 186 .53
J() 361 _ 329__ 298 216 199 179 .56
32 338 J()9 279 203 186 168 .64
34 - ;;i - 291 263 191 175 159 .73
36 J()O 274 248 180 166 150 .81
38
40
285
270 247
260 -'35--
223
171
162
157
149
142
135
.91
1.00
42 258
-----
235 213 154 142 128 1.11
44 246 224 203 147 135 122 1.21
46
48
- '35--
225
215
206
194
186
141
135
130
124
117
112
1.33
145
50 216 198 179 1J() 119 108 1.57
52 208 190 172 125 115 104 1.70
54 200 183 165 120 110 100 1.83
56 193 176 159 116 106 96 1.97
58 187 170 154 112 103 93 2.11
60 180 165 149 108 99 90 2.26
62 175 159 144 105 96 87 2.41
G4 169 154 140 101 93 84 2.57
66 164 150 135 98 90 82 2.73
68 159 145 131 95 88 79 2.90
PROPERT I ES AN D REACT ION VALUES
----
S in.1 811.1 740.6 669.6 486.4 446.8 404.8
V kips
R kips
G kips
362
118
19.9
335
108
18.6
307
98
17.2
2n
82
15.2
262
76
14.5
249
72
13.9
...
Page 173
BEAMS 30
W BEAMS
ALLOWABLE UN I FORM LOADS I N K I PS
FOR BEAMS L ATERALI.. Y SUPPORTED
I
For bum. I.ter;ally un l llppartw,.o. plge 202.
'1:'
foo.
"..
"
210
1.53
32.'
. 3() ,
190
1.69
29.'
172
1.87
25",-
132
2.87
'.'
12.
30, 10ji
3.08
16
116
3.36
15
108
--,"74
13
.-
oenect lon
1~ .s, s"" .~
484
I- C- ...
11
12
13
l- !- T 397
364
363
~i
.10
.12
:-
336
14 612 362 336 312 .14
15
~~ 440
336 31.
f..-w,- ~ .16
~.
16 296 249 .18
17
18
19
20
21
510
481
456
433
413
460
434
411
391
372
414
391
371
352
33.
. .
-~
253
241
~
249
236
22.
257
243
23()
_2.!~_
208
--i-
190
.20
.22
.25
.28
.30
22 394 355 320 215 199 181 .33
340 ~ 1_ .-201;-
H~-
23 377 190 173 .37
24 361 325 197 182 166 .40
25 347 313 ~ 199 17' 160 .43
25 333 271 19. 182 168 153 .47
27 261 188 162 148 .50
28 - ;- 252 181
17'
169 156 143 .54
29 243 175 163 151 138 .58
30
32
34
36
im- r --[ -
255
241
235 169
158
149
141
133
158
148
139
131
124
146
137
129
122
133
12.
117
111
105
.62
.71
.80
.89
1.00
38
40
42
228
217
206 :~
176
168
127
121
118
113
"'
109
104
100
95
1.10
1.22
44 197 178 160 107 99 1.34
46
48
188
181
170
163
153
147
"'
110
106
103
99
95
91
91
87
83
1.46
1.59
50 173 156 141 101 95 88 80 1.72
52 167 150 135 97 91 84 77 1.87
54 161 14. 130 94 88 81 74 2.0 1
56 155 140 125 90 84 78 71 2.16
58 149 13. 121 87 82 75 69 2.32
60 144 130 117 84 79 73 67 2.48
62 140 125 114 82 76 71 64 2.65
, ANO
S ;,.' 586.1 379.7 354.6 327.9 299.2
:9 :;:2 212
V kips 278 242 229 220
R kips 108 97 87 77 72 69 66
'"
Page 173
~ ~:s
N; ::~
17.0
14.1
AME;Rrc .... N
:::
INSTITUTE OF S'
:~:
m,
14.0
14.7
13.5
14.7
13.2
14.7
178
27 BEAMS
I w BEAMS
A LLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS I N KIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SU PPORTED
,
L, 30.5 27.5 25 17
404
15
364
13.5
344 .06
10
11 :; 356
323
324
294
.08
.09
12
13
.14
505
."
.~:
.20
413
332
307
296
27'
27Q
249
.11
.13
14 46' '23 384 285
-
254
ID-
- m- .1'
15 438 395 358 266 216 .17
16 411 370 336 1--;49- 222 202 .20
17 387 348 316 235 209 190 .22
18 365 329 298 222 197 --rro-- .25
19 346 312 283 21. 187 17. .28
20 329 296 26' 200 -- us-- 162 .31
21
22
313
299
282
26'
1-:m-56 190
-l1W -
16'
162
154
147
.34
.37
23
24
25
286
274
283
257
-241-
237
234
22'
215
173
166
160
154
148
142
141
135
129
.....
.41
..."
40
'2
164
157
149
143
137
148
141
135
129
123
134
128
122
117
112
100
95
91
87
83
8'
85
81
77
74
81
77
74
7.
67
1.23
1.35
1.48
1.62
1.77
50 131 118 108 80 71 65 1.92
52 126 114 103 77 68 62 2.07
54 122 11. 100 74 66 60 2.24
56 117 106 96 71 63 58 2.40
S in,-
V kips
492.8
257
.....
PROPERT I ES AN D
232
402.'
21.
REACTION VALUES
299.2
202
266.3
182
242.8
1n
R kips
G kips
98
17.4
88
15.8
78
14.4
70
13.7
63
12.4
58
11.8
'"
Pq e 173
BEAMS 24
W BEAMS
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS IN KIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPORTED I
9
10
11
...
.07
.10
"" ."
.16
14 .17
15 .19
16
17
'8
'"
324
306
311
m
276 ..,
276
259
."
.22
.25
.28
."
... ... .".
.9 290 261 232 138
20 276 2'8
.." ." .35
.
2. 263 236 2.0 17' .25 112 .38
22
". ... ... 200
."
.8. 151 119 .06 .42
23
2.
25
2<0
230
... '92
..
"
.38
.28
'23
118
II. .02
98
.46
.50
...
.54
26
'D
28
29
30
•9.
In
171 ."
.70
."
... .".,. ." '" ..
152
147
...
.'" .. .
142
.38
14.
.36
'26
.22
.28
• 23
II.
98
.0•
97
93
87
87
8'
78
.63
.68
.73
.78
"32
." ." ...
14'
... .. "
"' ' 38
.11
107 95
92
89
82
75
73 ...
.83
.. ". .'""
119 80
"
.
37 99 63 1.18
38 145 116 '05 96 87 78 69 G1 1.25
39 .02 85 76 67 60
•2
"8
118
" 110
.OS
.00
95
92
87
83
79
74
70
65
62 56
1.31
' .38
44 125
• • 75 67 59
;
V kips
R kips
211
87 ."78 178 ... .63
6. .",.
17M
137
...
G kips 15.7 14.6
11.4
"
13.6
11.4
13.3
11.5
12.2
11.5
57
11 .2
11.4
12.4
11.7
11.3
11.7
50
10.6
11.7
Plgel13
21 BEAMS
I W BEAMS
AL L OWABLE UNIFORM L OADS IN KIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPOR TED
",.
No."" 0.,. 'w'~
~
238 ::H.
240
220 ~
1~
-~- ;-ffi- ;;.;
133
153 .12
.14
.17
.19
15 282 253 222 149 1:: m ~~ .22
16 264 237 165 140 126 105 .25
17 249 223 l"" 155 118
117
110 .29
~~:
99
18 235 i 112 104 .32
~j~
94
19 223 106 9B B9 .36
20 212 rii '" 112 101 93 84 .39
21 201 180 159 126 107 96 89 80 .43
22 151 102 91 as
:~
172 120 77 .48
23 165 145 115 97 87 81 73 .52
24 158 110 78 70 .57
g~ 93 84
25 ~~~ 152 105 90 80 75 67 .62
26 163 146 128 101 as 77 72 65 .07
27 157 123 9B B3 74 69 62 .72
28 151 119 94 SO 72 67 60 .77
29
30
31
146
141
136. 122
115
111
107
91
58
as
77
75
72
69
67
65
64
62
60
58
"
54
...
.63
.95
32 118 104 B2 70 63 58 53 1.01
33 ;~ 115 101 80 58 61 57 51 1.07
34 124 111 9B 78 66 59 55 50 1.14
35 121 108 95 75 64 57 53 48 1.21
38 118 105 73 62 52 47 1.28
37
38
114
111
102
100
93
90
88
71
69
61
59
"
54
53
50
49
45
44
1.35
1.42
39 109 97 as 68 57 52 48 43 1.50
40 106 95 66 50 47 42 1.58
41 103
B3
81 64 "
55 49 46 41 1.66
': ::
92
79 63 53 44 40 1.74
~
48
;; ~ gi ~
43
42
39
38 ::i
, AND
S ;'.'
V kips
317.2
184
as
::;' 249.6
144
197.6
158
168.0
135
lSO.7
126
139.9
118
12G.4
109
'"
A kips 74 65 70 59 53 49
10.3
45
9.6
~i'r
'~:~ '~::
G kips 14.1 12.7 12.0 10.9
IN;,: 9.8 9.8 9.9 10.2 10.2 10.2
, I N S TITUTE OF STEEL
181
BEA MS 18
I
W BEAM S
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS I N KIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPORTEO
IBx 7M
'H'
- -- 114
-105
- - -96- 85 - n-- 70 64 60 55 50
o.,~
tiGll
d/bt
-1.58
-- 2.49
Inche,
- -- -- 29 1.86
- 31.5 1.71 2.28 2.74 2.99 3.48 3.82 4.22
-'",- --- - -- - - - - -- - - -
27 22 20 18 16.5 14.5
198
13
184
12
168 -:00-
,
8 250
231
224
210
206
190
188
1'i3
179
160
164
146
148
132
.07
.09
10 286 264 242 208 189 171 156 144 131 119 .12
109 -,.-
11 267 245 224 189 172 155 142 130 119 108 .14
12
13
14
15
245
226
21'
196
225
207
193
180
205
18'
176
164
173
160 145
157
132
135 -,Z2- - 111-
1~~_ -126-
- '39 114 104
142 130
120
'll:_ -,1Yl-
-ITo
102
96
- -. --
--
91
..
87
- --M -
79
.17
.19
.23
.26
31 95 87 79 67 61 55 50 46 42 38 1.11
32 92 84 n 65 59 53 49 45 41 37 1.18
33 89 82 75 63 57 52 47 43 40 36 1.25
34 86 79 72 61 56 50 46 42 39 35 1.33
35 84 77 70 60 54 49 45 41 37 34 1.41
36 82 75 68 58 53 48 43 40 36 33 1.49
37 79 73 67 56 51 46 42 39 35 32 1.57
38 n 71 65 55 50 45 41 38 35 31 1.66
PROPERTIES A N D REACTION VALUES
S in.1 220.1
V kips
R kips
143
74
202.2
132
68
184.4
121
62
156. 1
125
63
141.7
112
56
128.2
103
51
11 7.0
94
46
107.8
99
47
98.2
92
43
89.0
84
39
,..
"'11_
m
G kips 14.3 13.3 12.3 12.6 11.4 10.5 9.7 10.0 9.4 8.6
N in. 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.4 8.4 8.7 8.7 8.7
AM f;RIC,o. N I NSTITU T E OF S T EEL CON S TR UCTION
182
16 BEAMS
I
'IF BEAM S
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS IN KIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPORTED
•'".
'". ."....
96 88 78 71 64 58 50 45 40 36 tion
--- --- -- - -- - Inche.
'-
-- 1.62 1.77 2.17 2.38
--- 2.63 2.91 3.66 4.07 4.54 5.30
---
17 12 11
--- 3< 28 23 21
--- 19 13.5
-- - -9.5
-- ---
6 160 146
- - -124
- 123
128
-- .05
7 224
- '93
204 184 168 154 138 .06
...
"7
8 2<3 174 157 135 121 "7 94 .08
9 212 154 139 95 83
10
228
m 202 170 '"
155 139 126
12"
f- !!B_ f-E-
"7
86 75
.11
.<3
'
.26 _1~_ 98 88 78 68 .16
11
12
201
185
183
168 ;4'2- -'~~-
r 155 129 116 105 1-----1-----
9<l 60 72 63 .1'
13 170 155 131 119 .07 97 83 74 66 58 .22
144 110 99 90 77 69 54 .25
" :-'i
15
'58
8_ -1'i~- '"
11 4
_.---
103 93 84 72 64
6'
57 50 .29
16
17
138
130
126
119
9_--
107
100
97
91
87
82
78
74
67
63
60
57 .
54 47
44
.33
.37
18
19
<23
m
111
112
106
95
90
85
86
81
n
77
73
70
70
66
63
60
57
54
..
54
48
48
45
43
42
40
38
.42
.47
.52
20
21
-- --
106
'"
96 8' 74 66 60 .. .6 41 36 .57
22
23
24
25
'0'
96
92
89
92
88
84
81
78
74
71
68
70
67
64
62
.
63
60
56
57
55
52
50
49
47
45
43
44
42
40
39
39
37
36
34
34
33
31
30
.63
.68
.75
.81
26 85 78 66 59 53 48 41 37 33 29 .87
27 82 75 63 57 52 47 40 36 32 28 .94
28 79 72 6' 55 50 45 38 35 31 27 1.01
29 76 70 59 53 48 43 37 33 30 26 1.09
30 74 67 57 52 46 42 36 32 29 25 1.16
3< 71 65 55 50 45 41 35 31 28 24 1.24
32 69 63 53 48 43 39 34 30 27 24 1.32
33 67 61 52 47 42 38 33 29 26 23 1.41
34 65 59 50 46 41 37 32 28 25 22 1.50
PROPERTIES ANO REACTION VA LUES
Sin" 166.1
V kips 114
A ki ps 66
151.3
106
6'
127.8
112
64
115.9
102
57
104.2
.92
94.1
84
46
60.7
80
42
72.4
73
38
64.4
64
33
56.3
62
32
...
" pt
G ki ps
N in.
12.8
7.2
12.1
7.3
12.7
7.3
11.7
7.4
10.6
7.4
9.'
7.3
9.1
7.7
8.3
7.7
7.'
n
7.2
7.6
"
AMERICAN IN STIT UTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
...
183
BEAMS 14
W BEAMS
AL LOWAB LE UNII'"ORM LOADS IN KIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY S UPP ORTE D
"'"
'M'
;"
119 111
14)1;
103
14 ~
95 87 84
14 )1; 12
78 7468
14)( 10
61 lion "" -
Inchea
d/bl 1.06 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.52 1.63 1.80 1.95 2.16
- - - - - - 1.13 --- ---
--'" - - 47
- - -44
-- - 41
- - - 38
- - 35.5 33
-30.5 28
- - --- - - -23- - - -
-25.5
9
10 166 166 --- -
166
150
152
137
138
123
.12
.15- --
112 .18
11
-214
210 - 196 - 182
202 184 170 159 147 136 125
102 .21
12
13 194 181 168
167
155 --- 152
142
145
134
135
124
125
115 "'
106 95 .25
14 180 168 166 143 132 125 115 107 98 88 .29
15 168 157 145 134 123 116 108 100 92 82 .33
16 158 147 136 126 115 109 101 94 86 77 .38
17 149 138 128 118 108 103 95 88 81 72 .43
18 140 131 121 112 102 97 90 83 76 68 .48
19 133 124 115 106 97 92 85 79 72 65 .53
20 126 118 109 100 92 87 81 75 69 62 .59
21 120 112 104 96 88 83 77 71 65 59 .65
22 115 107 99 91 84 79 73 68 62 66 .72
23 110 102 95 87 80 76 70 65 60 53 .78
24 105 98 91 84 77 73 67 62 57 51 .85
101 70 55 .92
"
26 97
94
90
87
84
80
77
74
71 67
65
62
60
58 53
49
47 1.00
27
28
94
90
87
84
81
78
74
72
68
66
65
62 ,.
60 66
54
51
49
46
44
1.08
1.16
29
30
87
84
81
78
75
73
69
67
64
61 ,.
60 66
54
52
50
47
46
42
41
1.24
1.33
31 81 76 70 65 59 66
32 79 73 68 63 57 54
33 76 71 66 61 66 53
34 74 69 64 59 54
35 72 67 62 57 53
38 70 65 60 66 51
37 68 63 59 54
38 66 62 57 53
..
PROPERTI ES AND REACT I O N VALUES
S in.- 189.4 176.3 163.6 150.6 138.1 130.9 121.1 112.3 103.0 92.2
V kips 107 101 92 85 76 83 78 83 76 68
R kips 69 65 59 55 49 53 49 53 48 43 ,,"
G
N
ki ps
in.
13.7
6.3
13.0
6.3
11.9
6.3
11.2
6.3
10.1
6.3
10.8
6.3
10.3
6.3
10.8
6.3
10.0
6.3
9.1
6.3
'"
AMERICA N I N~TrTUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIO N
184
14 BEAMS
I
W BEAM S
A L LOWABLE UN I F"ORM LOA D S IN KIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPORTED
,-
Nominal Depth and Width-Weight per Foot
s,.,
14 X 8 14)( 6 ~
"
'"' 53 '8 43 38 34 30 Oenection
dlbt 2.63 2.90 3.24 '.06 '.58 5.37
'0 19 17 15.5 12.5 11 9.5
5 98 .04
6 116 104 93 .05
7 134 122 110 104 92 80 .07
8 130 117 105 91 81 70 .10
.12
9 115 104 93 81 72
1-.62 -
10 104 94 84 73
--- 65 56 .15
11 94 85 76 66 59 51 .18
12 86 78 70
r----
61 54
- -- - -
46 .21
13 80 72 64
1- ----
56
----
50
-
43 .25
14 74 67 60 52 46 .0 .29
15 69 62 56 '9 43 37 .33
16 65 59 52 46 .0 35 .38
17
18
61
58 "
52
'9
46 ..,
43 38
36
33
31
.43
.48
19 55 '9 44 38 34 29 .53
20 52 47 42 36 32 28 .59
21 '9 45 .0 35 31 27 .65
22 47 43 38 33 29 25 .72
23 45 41 36 32 28 24 .78
24 43 39 35 30 27 23 .85
25 42 37 33 29 26 22 .92
26 .0 36 32 28 25 21 1.00
27 38 35 31 27 24 21 1."
28 37 33 30 26 23 19.9 1.16
29 36 32 29 25 22 19.2 1.24
30 35 31 28 24 22 18.6 1.33
BEA MS 12
I
'IF BEAMS
ALLO W AB LE U N IFOR M L OA D S IN KIPS
F O R BEA M S LATERA L LY S U P P ORT ED
"'"'"
Fu '
85
12"2
12 65 58
12.10
53 Donoct,OfI
'"",u
1. 19 1.52 1.67
~
1.29 2.09
""
c, 38 33 30
.11
8
122 1---' ;- .14
9
10
160
154
152
143 117 "'
104 94 .17
11 140 130 118 107 95 86 .21
12
13
129
119
11 9
110
108
100
98
90
87
80 '"73 .2'
.29
14 110 102 93 84 74 67 .34
15 103 95 87 78 69 63 .39
16 96 89 81 73 65 59 .44
17 91 84 77 69 61 58 .50
18 86 79 72 6' 58 '2 .58
81 62 50 .62
19
20 77
75
71
68
6' 59 "'2 47 .69
21 74 68 62 58 50 45 .76
22 70 65 59 53 47 43 .83
23 67 62 57 51 45 41 .91
2' 64 60 54 49 43 39 .99
25 62 57 '2 47 .2 38 1.08
50
26
27
28
59
57 "
53 48
45
43
.2
29
30
"
53
51
51
49
48
46
45
43
.0
39
31 50 '6 '2
32 48 45 41
33 47 43 39
34 45 .2
35 44 41
36 43 '0
37 '2
38 41
; A ND
S in.- 11 5.7 107.1 97.5 88.0 78.1 70.7
61
V
R
kips
kips
80
58
76
54
69
49 44
57
41 "
39
'"
Pl lII l 73
G
N
ki ps
in. ,.,
11.9 11.3
,.<
A M E I'II C AN
10.3
,.< ,.•
9.< 8.6
5'<
I N ST I TU T E O F S T EE L C O N S TRU C T ION
::
186
12 BEAMS
I
IN' BEAMS
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS IN K IPS
FOR BEAMS LA TERALLY SUPPORTED
50 45 .", 36 31 27 Deflection
- -OM
-
2.35 2.60 2.89 3.45 3.98 4.60
'0 21 19 17.5 14.5 12.5 10.5
6 98 82 74 .06
7 118 106 92 87 75 65 .08
8 108 97 87 77 65 57 .11
n
9
1.
96
86
86
78 6'
--
61 -
68 58
52
50
45
.14
.17
11 78 71 63 56 48 41 .21
12 72 65 58
1- ----
51 44 38 .25
13
14
15
16
66
62
58
54
60
55
52
49
.
53
49
43
47
44
41
38
4.
37
35
33
35
32
30
28
.29
.34
.39
.44
17 51 46 41 36 31 27 .50
18 48 43 38 34 29 25 .56
19 45 41 36 32 Z7 24 .62
20 43 39 35 31 26 23 .69
21 41 37 33 29 25 22 .76
22 39 35 32 28 24 21 .83
23 38 34 30 27 23 20 .91
24 36 32 29 26 22 19 .99
25 35 31 28 25 21 18 1.08
BEAMS 10
I
W BEAMS
A LL.OWABLE UN I FORM L.OADS IN KIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPORTED
.
Nom;",,] Depth and W idth_ Weight pet Foot
'1:'
,- x 10
10 10 x8 10 x 5"
""'-
...
--- 1.37
60
1.49
54
l.63
30.5
.9
1.79
--- -2.04
- 2.36
21
45 39
-'.08
- ---
12
33
2.83
5.07
10
29
3.52
25 21 ,....,
~
'"
--- 36 33.5
-28 24.5 17.5
- - - - - - - - - --- 14
•
5
--
.03
76 .. 62
57
-----
.05
__ ..
.07
6
- 8260 74
:-2~
56 59
-----
48
.10
7
-
12. 92 67 50 41
8
9
10
11
123
109
96
89
110
99
90
81
96
90
81
73
88
81
73
66
.82
73
60
70
62
56
51
56
52
47
.2
51
46
"37
3'
35
32
36
32
29
26
.13
.17
.21
.25
.. .
12 82 75 67 61 55 47 39 34 29 2. .30
13 76 6. 62 56 50 43 36 32 Z7 22 .35
14 70 54 56 52 47 33 29 25 21 .41
15 66 60 54 .9 37 31 Z7 23 19.1 .47
21
22
23
.
47
'2
43
"37
39
38
36
35
33
35
33
32
30
31
30
28
Z7
27 22 19.6 16 13.7 .91
24
25 "
39 36 32 29
,. 38 34 31 28
27
Z7 36 33 30
28 35 32 29 26
29 34 31 28
30 32 30 27
.. .
PROPERTIES ANO REACTION VALUES
Sin"
V kips
A kip.
73.7
62
52
67.1
55
47
60.'
48
41
54.'
37
49.1
39
42.2
41
35
35.0
Y1
31
30.8
38
30
26.'
33
26
21.5
31
24
...
P.~
G kips 11.0 10.0 8.8 8.2 8.4 7.65 7.0 6.9 6.05 5.8 '"
N in. • .4 ••• •••
AMERle" ....
• .4
••• '.3 '.3
IN 6TITUTI!; OF $ TE;EL. C O N S T RUCT ION
'.7 '.7 '.7
.88
8 BEAMS
I
W BEAMS
ALLOWABLE: UNIFORM L OA D S IN KIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPORTED
Fo r beam. latera lly unl upportO<i. ue palle 202.
.. -
2.31
4 52
-
47 .04
5 60 50 F 45 38 .07
6
7
,
8
66
59
52
46
60
52
46
41
.
54
40
36
46
40
35
31
38
32
28
25
3.
27
24
2.
.09
.'3
.17
.2'
.0 42 37 32 28 22.6 18.8 .26
21 20 17
22 19 16
23 18
24 17
BEAMS 24-20
I
AMERICAN STANDARD BEAMS
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS IN K I PS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPORTED
For b~"" latera lly un . ... pported, lee JUlllel 112-3.
¥ ~ Ii !
".5 ~ 13 12.5 ~ 12
FM=1
"
~ li t F!ff .~ .~
.03
312 .04
9
10
• 372
335
390
r,~
329
293
264
275
248 ill
.06
.07
.09
267
237
213
250
223
roo ~~- :~
...
.07
.1 0
,!-~. -If- :~
I-i- ~i-
-~
-t~-·
11 304 264 .10 194 .13
12
13
279
257 :;; .12
.15 :~
.15
i~
.1'
i66 .17 152 111 .20
~~ ~j!
14 177
15 176 .19 142 104 .23
-f~- ''''
i~_. ~t~-'
16 209 195 145 .22 133 125 105 97 .27
17 197 146 136 .25 92 .30
"2019
186
176
-j 139
138
130
129
122
.28
.31
~~
112
"'
111
105
99
94
.9
87
.2
.34
.37
132 124 116 .35 107 100 84 7B ,41
Hi
21 149 126 11. 110 .38 102 95 80 74 ,46
22 142 120 113 105 ,42 97 91 77 71 .50
23 136 115 108 101 ,46 93 87 73 68 .55
24 130 110 103 97 .50 .9 84 70 65 .60
25 134 125 105 99 93 .54 85 80 67 62 .65
26 129 120 101 95 89 .58 .2 77 65 60 .70
27 124 116 98 92 86 .63 79 74 62 58 .75
28
29
120
115
112
108
104
94
91
89
85
83
83
80
.68
.73
76
74
72
69
67
60
58
56
56
54
52
."
.87
.93
30 112 68 77 .7' 71
31 108 101 85 80 75 .83 69 65 54 50 .99
32 105 98 82 77 73 .68 67 63 53 49 1.06
33 101 95 80 75 70 .94 65 61 51 47 1.13
34 98 92 7B 73 68 1.00 63 59 50 46 1.20
35 96 89 75 71 66 1.06 61 57 48 45 1.27
36 93 87 73 69 64 1.12 59 56 47 43 1.34
37 90 84 71 67 63 1.18 58 54 46 42 1.42
38 68 82 69 65 61 '.25 56 53 44 41 1.49
39 86 80 68 64 60 1.31 65 51 43 40 1.57
40 84 78 66 62 58 1.38 53 50 42 39 1.66
42 80 74 63 59 55 1.52 51 48 40 37 1.83
44 76 71 60 56 53 1.67
46 73 68 57 54 50 1.82 Note:
o ~ Defloctior'l in
~
55 52 1.99
~ ~~
48 Inches.
53 50 46 2. 16
' ES ANO
.......'" ...
S in,s 250.9 234.3 197.6 185.8 173.9 160.0 150.2 126.3 116.9
V kips 249 195 233 195 156 208 170 167 130
R kips 104 82 92 77 62 101 .2 7B 61 p , ..
G kips
N ;,:
19.2
11 .1
15.0
11.1
17.9
11 .4
15.0
11.4
12.0
11.4
19.2
9.1
15.7
9.1
15.4
9.3
12.0
9.3
'"
IN STITUTE OF S T EE\" CON S TR UCT I ON
190
I
AMERICAN S T A NDARD BEAMS
ALLOWAB L E UNIFOR M L OA D S IN K IPS
FOR BEA MS LATE R ALLY SUPPORT ED
4
5
332
--;n- -1.!L
214
.03 f-~7 1_
160
107
.02
.03
214
~~
1<4
12"
134
126
101
---
.,. 110
.02
.03
.04
6
7
8
•
226
194
170
151
196
168
147
131
.04
.06
.07
1<3
<22
107
-.;
..
_' ~!_
- -112--
87
.05
.07
.09
.11
,.- -~- I- -~-- --"r
.......1.12
84
- 75-
-- 75
- f,-
66
63
56
...
53
.06
.08
.11
.14
..
.09
- '36- - ,18-
..
10 .12 86 79 .14 67 60 50 .17
.17 61 46 .21
11
12
124
113 --107-- .14
.17
78
71
71
65 .20 56
54
50 42 40 .25
13 -105- 91 .19 66 60 .23 52 46 3. 37 .29
1< 97 84 .23 61 56 .27 48 43 36 34 .34
52 34 32 .39
...
15 79 45 40
91 .26
" .31
16
17
18
19
85
80
76
72
74
69
66
62
.29
.33
.37
.42
54
00
48
45
..
49
46
41
39
.35
.40
.45
.50
.55
42
40
37
35
34
37
35
33
31
30
32
30
28
27
25
30
28
27
25
24
.50
.56
.62
.69
20
21
68
65
"
56
.46
.51
43
41 37 .61 32 28 24 23 .76
.83
22 62 54 .56 39 36 .67 31 27 23 22
23 .61 34 .73 29 26 22 21 .91
24
25
"57
54
51
49
47
.66
.72
37
36
34
33
31
.79
.86
28
27
25
24
21
20
20
19.
.99
1.08
26 52 45 .78 33 30 .93
27 50 44 .84 32 29 1.01
28 49 42 .90 31 28 1.08
29 47 41 .97 30 27 1.16
30 45 39 1.03 29 26 1.24
31 44 38 1.11 28 25 1.33
32 43 37 1.18 27 25 1.41
33 41 36 1.25
34 40 35 1.33
35 39 34 1.41
Note:
36 38 33 1.49 0 _ Deflection in Inches.
37
38
37
36
32
31
1.57
1.66
PROPERT IES A ND
I
R EACTI O N V A LU E S
S in.-
V kips
R kips
101.9
166
83
88.4
108
54
...
p""
64.2
107
63
58.'
80
47
...
~~
00.3
107
79
".8
72
53
37.8
67
48
36.0
"
39
...
P.~
G kips
N in.
17.1
8.4
11.0
8.4
'" 13.2
6.'
'.8
6.'
16.5
5.2
11.0
5.2
10.3
5.4
8.4
5.4
"
A M E:RICAN IN ST ITUTE OF STEEL C O N S T R U CT I ON
19 1
BEAMS 10-8-7
A M ERICA N STANDARD
ALLOW ABLE UNI FORM LOADS IN
FOR BEAMS LATER A LLY SUPPORTED
BEAMS
'.2 12
1..
11.5
.01
11
92
10.5
.., 11
82
10
- .01
--
3 130 .02
1= 7153 --- 4756 -- .02
,04
53
'"35 .03
4 97 80
65
.03
,05 43 ,07
'32"' 28
- ----- ,05
,07
5
--- 78 38
-- - - - -- ---
6 65 54 .07 36 32 ,09 27 23 ,11
7
8
56
-----
49
-----
47
41
.10
," "
27
27
24
,"
,17
23
20
19.8
17.3
,"
,19
9 43 36 ,17 24 21 ,21 17.8 15.4 .24
10 39 33 ,21 21 18.9 .26 16.0 13.9 ,30
11
12
35
32
30
27
,25
,30
19.4
17.8
17.2
15.8
,"
,37
14.5
13.3
12.6
11.6
,36
,43
25 .35 16.4 14.6 ,+! 12.3 10.7 ,SO
"
14
15
30
28
26
23
22
.41
.47
15.2
14.2
13.5
12.6
,51
,58
11.4
10.7
9.9
9.2
,58
.67
Note:
D - Defiection in Inches.
'"' ""
...... 16.0 14.2
28
""
12.0
41
lOA
23
""
R
o
kips
kips
64
14.3
34
7.4 '-
m 10.6
28
6,5 ''''
m
47
10.8
Z6
6,0 '-
m
N in. 4.4 4.4 3.5 3,5 3,0 3~
Valu ~ of R in italiel aceed ma ~imum web shear V.
6-5-4-3 BEAMS
I
AMERICAN STANDARD BEAMS
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOAOS INKIPS
FOR BEAMS LATERALLY SUPPORTEO
~
12.5 14.75 9.' 7.7
--- - - --
4.69
0
4.67
0 ----
5.1 3
0 -7.'- -'.7- 0
d/bl '.02 5.11 4.89 4.60 4.95
--- - -- - -- -- ---- -- --
'. - - - -10-
--
10.5 10.5
I~
10 9.' 11
- - - - - - -- 10
2
3 39
36
-f,-
.01
.03
---- ._---
27
27
21
.02
.04 14.7 13.3 8.4 7.6 .06
4
---
29
=.:---=;
24 .06 20 16.0 11.0 10.0
.0'
.08 6.3
.--- .07 '.7 .11
• 23 19.5 .09 16.0 12.8 .10 8.8 8.0 .13 '.1 4.' .17
6 19.3 16.2 .12 13.3 10.7 .15 7.3 6.7 19 4.2 3.8 .25
7 16.6 13.9 .17 11.4 9.1 .20 6.3 '.7 .25 3.6 3.2 .34
8
9
14.5
12.9
12.2
10.8
.22
.28
10.0
8.'
8.0
7.1
.27
.34
•••
4.9
'.0
44
.33
.42
10 t 1.6 '.7 .35 8.0 6.4 .41
Note:
D - Defleclion in Inches.
, 4.8
PROPERTIES AND REACTION VA LUES
-
S in.J 8.7 7.3 6.0 3.3 3.0 1.' 1.7
V kips
R kips
G kips
36
"
11.2
17.9
U
6.'
Soo
''''
m
32
JO
11.9
13.7
21
50
Soo
"m . 17.0
32
7.8
9.'
18.8
4.6
'"m
13.6
3'
8.4
6.6
16.6
4.1
Soo
"f':
"
N in. 2.' 2.'
Vall,lQ of R in italia u~ ma~;mum
2.0 2.0
web shear V.
I.' I.' 1.1 1.1
M J SCELLANEOUS
LIGHT BEAMS
A L LOWABLE UNI FOR M LOADS IN KI PS
FOR BEAMS LATE R ALL Y SUPPORTED
I
For bum. laterall y un . upported , He palle. , n . !.
"'"
'"
'N'
·'2 II 4 -10 ;It 4 · S)( 4 ·6 X 4
~
22 19 16.5 19 15 15 13 16 12
-- -
d, bl 7.2 ' .7 11.2 6.5 7.7 9.3 6.5 7.9 3.' 5.4
Lo 7 5.5 '.5 7.5 6.5 5.5 7.5 6 13 9
---
2
, -
3 76 72
58
66
63
64 60 52 "" 42
36
32
5 " 68
71
57 47 50
54
43
46
37
39
32
33
26
34
27 "
19.3
6
7
" " 56
41
39
33
42
36
36
31
31
26
26
23
22
18.8
22
19.2
16.1
13.8
,.•
9
42
38
34
36
32
29
29
26
23
31
28
25
27
2'
22
23
20
18.4
19.7
17.5
15.7
16.5
14.6
13.2
16.8
15.0
13.5
' 21
10.7
9.7
11
12
31
28
26
24
2'
19.4
23
2'
19.6
18.0
16.7
15.3
14.3
13.1
12.0
11.0
12.2
11.2
•••
•••
13 26 22 17.9 19.3 16.6 14.2 12.1 10.1 10.4 7.'
14 2' 20 ' 67 17.9 15.4 13.1 11.2 9.4
'5 23 19.0 15.6 16.7 14.4 12.3 10.5
•••
'6 21 17.8 14.6 15.7 13.5 11.5 9.' '.2
17 19.8 16.8 13.7 14.7 12.7 10.8 9.3 7.7
18 18 .7 15.9 13.0 13.9 12.0 10.2
19 17.8 15.0 12.3 13.2 11.4 9.7
20 16.9 14.3 ,1.7 12.5 10.8 9.2
21
22
16.1
15.3
13.6
13 .0
11. 1
10.6
11 .9 10.3
•••
23 14.7 12.4 10.1
2' 14.1 11.9 '.7
25 13.5 11.4 9.3
MISCELLANEOUS
"'"
'M'" ' ·'2 X" ·'0 X"
14 11.5
·S X " °6 X 4
8.5
f lO.ll; 5'"
25 21 28
t81(6 ~
24 20
fa x5U
17
,~, 13.4 12.3
"
9.8 7.7 4.5 4.6 3.2 3.3 4.8 4.9
c, 3.5 4 5 6.5 11 11 15 15
2 26
"
72 "
3 62 46 35 23 90 82 67
-
4
5
49
40
35
28
26
21
16.9
13.5
79
63 - 62
58
75
60 51
51
41
47
37
6 33 23 17.3 11.3 52 48 50 46 34 31
7 28 20 14.8 9.7 45 41 43 4' 29 27
8 25 17.5 13.0 8.5 39 36 38 35 25 23
9 22 15.6 11.5 7.5 35 32 33 31 23 21
19.7 14.0 lOA 6.8 32 29 30 28 20 18.7
"
11 17.9 12.7 9.4 6.1 29 26 27 25 18.4 17.0
12 16.4 11.7 8.7 5.6 26 24 25 23 16.9 15.6
13 15.2 10.8 8.' 5.2 24 22 23 21 15.6 14.4
14 14.1 10.0 7.4 23 21 21 19.9 14.5 13.3
15 13.2 9.3 6.9 21 19.3 20 18.6 13.5 12.4
• JUNIOR BEAMS
AND
JUNIOR CHANNELS
ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS IN KIPS
FOR BEAMS AND CHANNELS
LATERALLY SUPPORTED
I
For bumt and channalt tatar.lI), un • .,ppor1ed. ,lIow.bt. I.... d. mutt b, reduced.
....,.
NDminal D.pth ,nd Width-Weith\ per Foot
Clunno'-
"'"
'"''" 12)( 3 10)( 2,., 8x2U 6 X l Ji 12x l }i 10 X 1.J.<J 10xlJ,i
d/bl
11.8
16
•••20 6.'
19
..4
17
10.6 8.' 6.'
C. 3 2.' 2.' 3
2 54 40 25 69
29
3
••
53
••32
35
26
21
2<
15.7
12.5
10.7
8.• "
31
2.
20.6
17.3
19.5
14.7
11.7
6.'
21 7.6 5.•
22 7.3
23 7 .•
24 6.7
25 6.4
18-1~ BEAMS
[
AMERICAN STANDARD CHANNELS
..
Nominal Depth and Width Welghl per Fool
'!:"
,., ,-
18 X 4 0..... 15 X 3!-i 0._
51.9 45.8 42.7 ,-
lion
50 4{) 33.9
tion
2 280 .01
328 280 234 210 .Q1 202 156 .01
~~
3
230 212 .02
1~ '!~
4 .02
5 ~;; 184 170 ~ .03 143 111 .03
6 166 154 142 136 .04 119 103 93 .05
7 14' 13' 121 116 .06 102 88 79 .07
•
9
10
124
110
99
115
102
92
106
94
85
102
90
81
.07
.09
.12
89
79
71
n
68
6'
70
6'
56
.09
.11
.14
n .17
..
11 90 84 74 .14 65 56 51
12 83 n 71 68 .17 59 51 46 .20
13 76 71 65 63 .19 55 47 43 .23
. .
14 71 66 61 .23 51 44 40 .27
15 66 61 57 54 .26 48 41 37 .31
16 6' 53 51 .29 45 39 35 .35
17 54 50 48 .33 4' 36 33 .4{)
18 55 51 47 45 .37 4{) 34 31 A5
19 52 49 45 43 .42 38 32 29 .50
20 50 46 43 41 .46 36 31 28 .55
21 47 44 40 39 .51 34 29 27 .61
22 45 42 39 37 .56 32 28 25 .67
23 43 4{) 37 35 .61 31 27 '4 .73
'4 41 38 35 34 .66 30 26 23 .79
25 4{) 37 34 33 .72 29 25 22 .86
26 38 35 33 31 .78 27 24 21 .93
27 37 34 32 30 .84 26 23 21 1.01
28 36 33 30 29 .90 26 22 19.9 1.08
29 34 32 29 28 .97 25 21 19.2 1.16
30 33 31 28 27 1.03 24 21 18.5 1.24
31 32 30 27 26 1.11 23 19.9 17.9 1.33
32 31 29 27 25 1.18 22 19.3 17.4 1.41
33 30 28 26 25 1.25 22 18.7 16.8 1.50
34 29 27 25 24 1.33 21 lB.l 16.4 1.60
35 28 26 24 23 1.41 20 17.6 15 .9 1.69
36 28 26 24 23 1.49 19.8 17.1 15.4 1.79
37 27 25 23 22 1.57 19.3 16.7 15.0 1.89
38 26 '4 22 21 1.66 18.7 16.2 14.6 1.99
39 25 24 22 21 1.75
4{) 25 23 21 20 1.84
4' '4 22 20 19.4 2.03
44 23 21 19.3 18.5 2.23
PROPERTIES AND REACTION VALUES
5 in.'
V kips
R kips
G kips
74.5
164
81
16.8
69.1
14{)
69
14.4
117
.
63.7
12.0
61.0
105
52
10.8
'"
P. ~
'"
53.6
14{)
83
17.2
46.2
101
60
12.5
41.7
78
46
9.6
.'"'"
~
BEAMS 12-10
AMERICAN ST ANDARD CHANNELS
A L L OWAB L E U N IFORM LOADS I N KI PS
F O R C H A N NEL S LATERAL L Y SU P POR T E D
[
For .. hannels latera lly .. n.uppOrt~. a llowab le load, mUlt be .-.duoad.
'f:"
,., 30
I
12x 3
25 "'.7 ,-
Noml ....
,-
."....
--- 30
---
~h and Width Weight pe. Fool
25
lO x 2 ~
'" I
15.3 .....
""'-
,'m
..
2 .60 ';10 .0' 98 62 .0'
.'"
3
• 90
.06
80
88
7•
.02
.03
92
69
. 80
60
70
52
60 .02
.03
.. . ..
5 72 54 57 .04 55 42 36 .05
6 60 53 .06 40 35 30 .07
7 5. 41 .08 39 35 30 26 .• 0
•
9
45
40
.0
35
36
32
.11
.14
34
31
30
27
26
23
22
19.9
.13
.17
.17
.0 36 32 29 28
" 21 17.9 .21
11
12
33
30
29
27 ,.
26 .21
.25
25
23
22
20
19.0
17.4
16.2
14.9
.25
.30
13 28 25 22 .29 21 18.6 16.1 13.7 .35
14 26 23 20 .34 19.6 17.2 15.0 12.8 .41
15 24 21 19.0 .39 18.3 16.1 14.0 11.9 .47
5 in.-
V kipa
R kips
26.9
80
56
23.9
60
42
..
PROPERTIES AN D
21."
31
...
P.~
"'.6
88
n
.
REACTI O N VA L UES
18. 1
56
15.7
49
40
13.4
31
26
...
P.,.
m
G kips
N in.
12.2
5.4
9.3
5.4
6.7
5.4
" 16.2
' .5
12.6
'.5
9.1
'.5
5.'
'.5
AM ERICA N I NS TI T U TE OF S T EEL C O N STR UCT I O N
198
9-8-7 BEAMS
AMERICAN STANDARD CHANNELS
[ ALLOWABLE UNIFORM LO ADS IN KIPS
FOR CHA NNELS LATERA LL Y SUP PO RTED
10
• 20
18.0
16.7
15.1
15.6
14:0
.1'
.23
16.1
14.5
13.3
12.0
12.0
10.8
.21
.26
11 .4
10.3
10.2
'.2
8.9
8.0
.2'
.30
11 16.4 13.7 12.7 .28 13.2 10.9 9.8 .31 '.3 8.' 7.3 .36
12 15.0 12.6 11.7 .33 12.1 10.0 9.0 .37 8.6 7.7 6.7 .•3
13 13.8 11.6 10.8 .3' 11.2 '.2 8.3 .44 7.9 7.1 6.2 .50
14 12.9 10.8 10.0 .' 5 l OA 8.6 7.7 .51 7.3 6.6 5.7 .58
15 12.0 10.0 9.3 .52 '.7 8.0 7.2 .58 6.8 6.1 5.3 .67
16 11.2 9.' 8.7 .5' '.1 7.5 6.7 .66 6.' 5.7 5.0 .76
17 10.6 8.' 8.2 .66 8.5 7.1 6.4 .75 6.0 5.' '.7 .85
18 10.0
9.5
8.'
7.'
7.8
7.4
.75
.83
8.1
7.6
6.7
6.3
6.0 .84
5.7 .•3
5.7 5.1
••• .96
"
20 9.0 7.5 7.0 .92 7.3 6.0 5.4 1.04
BEAMS 6-5-4-3
AMERICAN STANDARD CHANNELS
A L LOWAB L E U NI FOR M LOA C S IN KIPS
FOR CHAN N ELS LA T ERALLY SU P PORTED
[
For chlnn,lllltlr.lly unluppOrtM, .lIow.blllod. mUlt btl reduced .
'f.:"
,-,
3
13.0
26
6,2
10.5 •. 2
22 19.1
...
,....
""'-
.00
5x 1""
9 .• 6.7
15.6 13.3
...
Nomi ... J o.pth and Wodth-wMght ,... Foot
,....
""'"'"
.M
4 X lU
7.25 5.'
10.2
•••
"''-
,-"""
.05
6 .•
6.2
3 II l }i
5 .•
5.3
' .1
'.9
"''-
,-
""
.06
•
5
19.3
15.5
16.7 1<4.3
13.3 11 .5
.06
.09
11.7 10.0
9.3
•••
.•7
.1.
7.7
6.1
6.3
5.1
.08
.13
4.7
3.7
4.•
3.2
3.7
2.9
.11
.17
6
7
•
9
12.9 11.1
11.0
9.7
•. 6
9.5
•. 3
7.4
9.6
•. 2
7.2
6.4
. 12
.17
.22
.28
7 .•
6.7
5 .•
5.2
6.7
,.•
'.7
4.4
.15
.20
.27
.34
5.1 4.2
4.' 3.6
3 .• 3.2
3.' 2.•
.19
.25
.33
.42
3.1
2.7
2.3
2.7
2.3
2.•
2.'
2.1
1.. ..
.25
.34
"
5.8
25
J'
10.5 7.5
' .3
15.6
,.••• " S-
p,!;
3.5 3 .•
21
JJ
12.4
19.1
7.• 4.G
p8M
...
m
2.3
16.6
J'
1.9
9.4
17.8
7.7 4.3
8M
p-
m
1.4
13.9 10.1
J' Z6
1.2
16.9
8.' G.2 '.1
1.1
6.6 8M
~~
N in. 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 .• 2.• 1.5 1.5 1.. 1.• 1..
Valuq of R ;II italia exc:ecd maJlml,lfU ~ -'>ear V.
BEAMS
"""
t ontal
,~
8"
Angl'
Si ••
8 x8 x I
W,.
P'lrFt.
51.0
4
52
5
42
-6-
35
7
30
8
26
Span In Feel
9
23 21
,. 12
17.6
14
15.0
16
13.2
18
11.7
li 45.0 46 37 31 26 23 20 18.7 15.6 13.3 11.7 10.4
li 38.9 40 32 27 23 20 18.1 16.3 13.6 11.6 10.2 9 .•
% 32.7 34 27 22 19.6 17.2 15.3 13.7 11.4 9.8 8.6 7.6
% 26.4 28 22 18.7 16.0 14.0 12.4 11.2 9.3 8 .• 7 .• 6.2
8x6. ,", 25.7 17.6 14.1 11.8 10.1 8.8 7.8 7.1 5.9 5 .•
liO 20.2 14.0 11.2 9.3 8 .• 7.• 6.2 5.6 4.7 4 .•
8)(4){ ~ 17.2 6.3 5.1 4.2 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.5
5" 5,,; 5x ~ 20.• 13.0 lOA 8.7 7.4 6.5 5.8 5.2
% 16.2 10.7 8.5 7.1 6.1 5.3 4.7 4.3
% 12.3 8 .• 6.4 5.3 4.6 4 .• 3.6 3.2
5)1;3~x ~ 10.4 4 .• 3.2 2.7 2.3 2 .•
\10 8.7 3.3 2.7 2.2 1.9 1.7
4" 811: 411: ~ 24.2 3. 24 20 17.5 15.3 13.6 12.3 10.2 8.8 7.7
% 19.6 25 20 16.7 14.3 12.5 11.1 10.0 8.3 7.1 6.2
liO 17.2 22 17.6 14.7 12.6 11.0 9.8 8.8 7.3 6.3 5.5
BEAMS
REGULAR SE RIES AN GLES
AL LOWABLE UNIFORM LOADS
FOR ANGLES LATERALLY SUPPOR TED
N EU TRAL AXIS PARALLEL TO HORIZONTAL LEG
" K'PS
L
For _n,ln letenlly unlupport.ct, .lIowliblaload, mUlt IHI Nduud.
...,
-, Anol,
For angl" tubJ..:t to to ... lon, make aPKiallnvatlgulon.
We
Span In Feet
'"
--
Si •• ",,, 2
12- • I~ 6 7
I~ -9- -10- 12
-- -- 14
l YS" 5 x 3}ix).i 13.6 20.0 13.3 10.0 8.0 6.7 '.7 '.0 • .4 '.0
~ 10.4 15.3 10.2 7.7 6.1 '.1 4.4 3.8 3.' 3. 1
8.7 6.3 3.6 3.2 2.8
"
12.7 8.' '.1 ' .2 2.'
" x 3 ~J;" 7.7 8.7 '.8 '.3 3.' 2.9 2.' 2.2 1.9
3~x3!-id" 7.2 6.' ••• 3.3 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.6
J{
3J.ix3 x )i ,.•
'.8 '.3
3.9
3.'
2.6
2.6
1.9
2.1
0.'
0.8
0.3
1.'
1.1
1.3
3" 4x 3xY,i 11.1 12.7 8.' 6.3 ' .1 '.2 3.6 3.2
~ 8.5 10.0 6.7 5.0 ' .0 3.3 2.9 2.5
8.0 3.2 2.7 2.3 2.0
"
7.2 5.3 ' .0
3}ixl)( M
J{ 5.8
5.'
6.7
5.2
•••
3.5
3.3
2.6
2.7
2.1
2.2
1.7
1.9
1.5
1.7
"
J{
5.S
'.5
' .S
3.7
3.1
2.5 I.,
2.3 1.8
1.5
1.5
1.2
2~x2~J;U '.1 2.S 1.7 1.3 1.0
2Mx2 x U 3.62 1.7 1.1 0.8
:t bt
"is entered at the top of each I beam table, and will be multiplied by the
span in inchel to solve this formula for" f", The tabulated beam capacity will then
be reduced in the ratio of fj20.000.
In the most general case. however. the designer will be confronted with a given
(laterally unsupported) span and a calculated moment. from which to select a beam.
This is not easy to do by direct consideration of section modulus, as the depth and the
flange proportions (determinants of tol'1lional strength) have an influence comparable
to that of bending strength. The selection of the proper beam can be immediately
made by referring to the following four charts.
The moment capacities shown on the charts take into account the moment due to
the weight of the beam. thereby avoiding any need for guessing a weight of beam in
the course of the moment calculations.
For instance, suppose that concentrated loads on a beam with laterally unsupported
span of 40 ft. produce a moment of 260 kip ft. without including the weight of the
beam. Entering the chart on pale 204 with the figure 40 on the bottom scale, proceed
beam listed above or to the right is safe. These include 24 wtj
upwards to meet the horirontal ine coming in from 260 on the left-hand scale. Any
18 W
33 W
120
114
141, etc. It is seen
that the 18 W. although its section modulus is only 220 compa to 299 for the 24 W.
is equally able to carry the moment because of having a more compact and tors:onally
resistant section.
Because several of its dimensions are thus involved, a given beam is the lightest
available for a certain combination of span and moment. over only a limited range of
length. This is indicated on the charts by using a full line for this range and a broken
line for the range or ranges in which some lighter beam is available. In the Cl:ample
above cited, it will be seen that the 18 W ® 114 is shown by a full line in the region
where the 40 ft. line and the 260 kip ft. tine IOtersect.
The charts include several beams of relatively square cross-sect.ion which under
the capacity toads indicated will deflect vertically more than may be admissible. "The
symbol X IS shown on the upper or fla t curve for each such beam. at the span length
which equals 24 times the depth (A.l.S.C. Spec. Sect. 17(a»; at which point the deflec-
tion under full uniform load equals lj2fX) or d/ 12.1. U the span lenJrth ordinate for a
given case intersects the curve for a beam so marked, to the right of ine symbol X. the
deflection for uniform load is greater than 1/290, and requires consideration by the
designer. In any other case. the deflection of the unsupported beam as selected from
the charts is less than 1/ 290. The curves have arbitranly been stopped at a point
where the total capacity equals four times the weight of the beam itself.
The charts are not extended to include channels and angles, for which safe loads on
fully supported spans have been tabulated on pages 195 to 201. It is so difficult to
load an unstaye<! channel or angle on the one vertical axis which eliminates torsion,
and the actual torsional moment involved in any unsupported span is so uncertain,
and so relatively great. that it is deemed impracticable to offer any short cut solution
for such designs.
fi
;;
:;;..,
"-
Go
i:
.....,zI
::E
o
::E
~
II)
~..
204
LENGTH OF SPAN IN FEET
370
"'"
'00
...,
5
~
t;
.
~
iC
'20
'10
I
I-
Z 300
"'
:I
0 200
:I
"'....
CD 280
~
....C
270
280
200
~
~
t;
...
OJ
4-
i2
I
0-
Z
OJ
::E
o
::E
'"....
CD
1OO~
9. 1'f#.£m
00
••
80
7.
70
1.
10
•
0 1" STEIn. CON STRUCT I O N
207
The loads given in the following column tables are baaed on allowable unit atreuea
as follows (A.l.S.C. Spec. Section 15(a)(2»:
Columns with values of Il r not greater than 120, main or aecondary members;
ECCENTRIC LOADING. The allowable loads given in the column tables are for
columns a:o;iaJiy or symmetrically loaded. For columns subjected both to direct loads
and to bending produced by eccentric loads. the A.I.S.C. Specification in Section 12 (a)
requires that the quantity
fa fb .
- - + - F- shall oot exceed uruty.
F. •
The use of Bending Factors (Bx and By) tabula ted at the bottom of the load tables
provides a convt!llient method of converting bending momenta into equivalent direct
loads in order to &elect a trial section from the load tables. Bx and By are respectively
equal to the area divided by the appropriate section modulus.
'The major and mlllOl' net are rl1!quently rerene:! to In technical l i(erl.IUf~ a. (be _trona and
..eakaua.
"--"~
Act ...., Str_
4 ~'~
Allowable A,lal Bend1no
CoIllm" '. 'b
"""" lood ,
K<~ '. F'b '·- T
p
fb -
M
T
r. +7b
K;~ PI'< SqUire Inch
14 I/rF 111
14W'95
14 w: 103
.... ,
531 16.28
16.27
16.27
20.00
20.00
20.00
10.72
12.53
11 .57
5.10
5.98
5.50
0.913
1.069
O.986(Uae)
AI shown in the above table, the 14 W III column geCtion first &elected was found
more than adequate. A 14 w: 95 section was I\eJl:t tried and found to be inadequate.
A 14 \IF 103 section was then investigated and found allowable. The lighter of the two
adequate sections is used.
In designing columns subjected to bending about the minor 3.lIis only, Fb may be
taken at 20.0 ksi. In designing columns subjected to bending about the major axis
only, Fb must be limited in accordance with Idfbt, to the value permitted for unsup-
ported beams under the provisions of Section 15(a) (3).
In designing oolumns subj~ted to bending about both axes, the expression
fa
F.
+ Ii.
Fb
hero r. +(r. ) +( 20.0r. )yy,
mea F. Fb XX
RATIO r~ /ry. Allowable loads for columns are given in the tables for various lenlttbs
unbraced along the minor axis. It may be necessary. however. to investigate the
capacity of columns with reference to both major and minor axes. The Ratio r.. / ry
included in these tables provides a rapid and convenient method of investigating the
strength of the column with respect to the major axis.
Selection of a column from the tables is necessarily based on the greatest unbraced
length I with reference to the radius of gyration ry about the minor axis. To obtain the
maximum unbraced length with reference to the radius of gyration rJ about the major
axis it is only necessary to multiply the length I by the Ratio r. / ry. If the actual un-
braced length with reference to the major axis is equal to or less than the length thus
obtained. the selected section is adequate. If, however. the actual unbraced length
with reference to the major axis is greater than the length thus obtained, the section is
inadequate and must be redesigned.
EXAMPLE. A 12 VoF column is required to carry a concentric load of 590 kips. The
greatest unbraced length along the minor axis is 16 feet. The column is unbraced along
the major axis for 31 feet .
Entering the column tables we find, 00 page 218 that at 16 feet a 12 VoF 133 will
carry an allowable load of 595 kips. This section will carry 590 kips at about 16.5 feet.
The Ratio r./ ry is l.n. The maximum length at which the column may be unbraced
along the major axis is 16.5 x 1.77 - 29.2 feet. The section is therefore inadequate.
The next heavier column is the 12 VoF 161 which will carry 590 kips at about 25.8
feet. The Ratio r./ry is 1.78. The maximum length at which the column may be
unbrnced along the major axis is 25.8 x 1.78 - 46.0 feet. The section is adequate.
..
209
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
Seeor>dary MembeB,
MI,n Ind Secondary Membefl, 1/.121 to 200, M. ln Mlm'*l,
1/' 121 to 200,
,-H
IJ. not over 1:00,
I _ 1700HMII5 (+)' "''''p DoX(1.6 - :')
''''''''
,
l-
Unit
51 .... l-, Unit
50_ l-
,
Unit
50_
, 'u_ ,, 'u_ ,, 'u_
,
Unit Unit Unit
l-
, 'u_
Unit
..
44 12'
5 16.99 45 16.02 85 13.50 125 9.64 165 7.16 125 9.40 165 5.53
6 16.98 15.97 86 13.41 '26 9.56 166 7.11 126 9.27 166 5.47
7 16.98 '7 15.93 87 13.33 127 9.49 167 7.06 127 9.16 167 5.40
8 16.97 48 15.88 88 13.24 128 9.42 168 7.01 128 9.04 168 5.33
9 16.96 49 15.84 89 13.16 129 9.35 169 6.96 129 8.93 169 5.25
1. 16.95 50 15.79 90 13.07 130 9.28 170 6.91 130 8.82 170 5.18
..
11 16.94 51 15.74 91 12.98
12 16.93 52 15.69 92 12.90 132 9.15 172 6.81 132 8.60 172 5.04
13 16.92 53 15.64 93 12.81 133 9.08 173 6.76 133 8.49 173 4.97
14 16.91 54 15.59 12.72 134 9.01 174 6.71 134 8.38 17. '.90
15 16.89 55 15.53 95 12.62 135 8.94 175 6.66 135 8.27 175 '.83
16 16.88 56 15.48 96 12.53 136 8.88 176 6.62 136 8.17 176 •.n
17 16.86 57 15.4'2 97 12.44 137 8.81 m 6.57 137 8.06 m 4.70
18 16.84 58 15.37 98 12.34 138 8.75 178 6.52 138 7.96 178 ' .63
19 16.83 59 15.31 99 12.25 139 8.68 179 6.48 139 7.86 179 4.57
20 16.81 60 15.25 100 12.15 14. 8.62 180 6.43 14. 7.76 180 ' .50
21 16.79 6' 15.20 101 12.05 141 8.55 181 6.38 141 7.65 181 04.43
22 16.77 62 15.14 102 11.95 142 8.49 182 6.34 142 7.56 182 4.37
23 16.74 63 15.08 103 " .86 143 8.43 183 6.29 143 7." 183 4 .31
24 16.72 64 15.01 104 11.75 144 8.36 184 6.25 144 7.36 184 4.25
25 16.70 65 14.95 105 11.65 145 8.30 185 6.20 145 7.26 185 4.19
26 16.67 66 14.89 106 11.55 146 8.24 186 6.16 146 7.17 186 4.13
27 16.65 67 14.82 '.7 11,45 147 8.18 187 6.12 147 7.08 187 4.07
28 16.62 68 14.76 108 t 1.34 148 8.12 188 6.07 148 ' 6.98 188 4.01
29 16.59 69 14.69 109 ".24 149 8.06 189 6.03 149 6.89 189 3.95
30 16.56 7. 14.62 110 11.13 150 8.00 190 5.99 150 6.80 190 3.89
31 16.53 71 14.56 111 11.02 151 7." 191 5.95 151 6.71 191 3.84
32 16.50 72 14.49 112 10.92 152 7.88 192 5.91 152 6.62 192 3.78
33 16.47 73 14.42 113 10.81 153 7.82 193 5.86 153 6.53 193 3.72
34 16.44 74 14.34 11. 10.70 154 7.77 194 5.82 154 6,45 194 3.67
35 16.41 75 14.27 115 10.59 155 7.71 195 5.78 155 6.36 195 3.61
36 16.37 76 14.20 116 10,47 156 7.65 196 5.74 156 6.27 196 3.56
37 16.34 n 14.12 117 10.36 157 7.60 197 5.70
5.66
157
158
6.19
6.11
197
198
3.51
3.45
38 16.30 78 14.05 118 10.25 158 7.54 198
39 16.26 79 13.97 119 10.13 159 7.49 199 5.62 159 6.03 199 3.40
40 16.22 80 13.90 120 10.02 160 7.43 200 5.59 160 5." 200 3.35
EXAMPLE 1. Reqd., Safe Load on 8 x 67S VrF @24,20'Iong, used as a bracing member.
T abulated safe load on main member - 49 kips (page 221).
49 X 3.4
- 6.94 in Col. II.; opposite in Col. I., f _ 8.09 (by interpolation)
2'
49 X ::~ - 57 kips.
EXAAtPLE 2. Reqd., Safe Load on 2 angles 9 X 4 X ~. 9" legs b. to b .. 21' long, used
as a main column.
Tabulated safe load as a bracing member _ 151 kips (Page 238).
ALLOWABLE STRESS PER SQ. IN., COMPRESSION MEMBERS WITH Ifr OVER lro.
,. ". ,. ". ,. ". ,. ".
,
•• •
"I" lor
•
''f'' lor
-~
Me~r.
'1" lor
MI,n
Member.
"""'.-
''f'' lor
M.~b. ...
"f" for
M, in
Membert
•
"""-
• M.~rt ''f'' for
M,in
Mambe"
•
''f'' for
""""-
M'~r.e..
'1" for
Mlln
Membe...
121 9.93 9.88 141 8.55 7.65 161 7.38 5.87 18' 6.38 4.43
122 9.85 9.75 142 8.49 7.56 162 7.32 5.78 182 6.34 4.37
123 9.78 9.63 143 8.43 7.46 163 7.27 5.71 183 6.29 4.31
<24 9.7 1 9.52 144 8.36 7.36 164 7.22 5.63 184 6.25 4.25
125 9.64 9.40 145 8.30 7.26 165 7.16 5.53 185 6.20 4.19
126 9.56 9.27 ' 46 8.24 7.17 166 7.11 5.47 186 6.16 4.13
127 9.49 9.16 147 8.18 7.08 167 7.06 5.40 187 6. 12 4.07
128 9.42 9.04 148 8.12 6.98 168 7.01 5.33 188 6.07 4.01
129 9.35 8.93 149 8.06 6.89 169 6.96 5.25 189 6.03 3.95
130 9.28 8.82 150 8.00 6.80 <70 6.91 5.18 190 5.99 3.89
131 9.22 8.71 151 7.94 6.71 171 6.86 5. 11 191 5.95 3.84
132 9.15 8.60 152 7.88 6.62 <72 6.81 5.04 192 5.91 3.78
133 9.08 8.49 153 7.82 6.53 173 6.76 4.97 193 5.86 3.72
134 9.01 8.38 '54 7.77 6.45 <74 6.71 4.90 194 5.82 3.67
135 8.94 8.27 155 7.71 6.36 175 6.66 4.83 195 5.78 3.61
136 8.88 8.17 156 7.65 6.27 <76 6.62 4.77 196 5.74 3.56
137 8.81 8.06 157 7.60 6.19 177 6.57 4.70 197 5.70 3.51
138 8.75 7.96 158 7.54 6. 11 <78 6.52 4.63 198 5.66 3.45
139 8.68 7.86 159 7.49 6.03 179 6.48 4.59 199 5.62 3.40
140 8.62 7.76 160 7.43 5.94 180 6.43 4.50 200 5.59 3.35
AM E R lc:,o, N IN S TIT U T E Of' STEEL CON ST RUC:T1 0 N
2 11
,.,
8 4526
4517
4507
4424
4415
44{)6
4323
4314
4305
4221
4213
4204
4120
4112
4103
.",18
"",.
4<lO2
3915
3906
3897
3818
381.
3801
3720
3712
3703
-
~
0
~
15
16
4445
4429
4413
4344
4329
4312
4244
4229
4144
4129
.",..
4<l29
.",13
3944
3929
3638
3621
3741
3726
3644
3830
361 4
a 17 4213 4 113 3913 3805 3710
~
0 18 4395 4295 4196 ."". 3997 3897 3788 3693 3597
,• 19
20
4376 •
4357
42n
4257
4178
4159
.",79
.",..
3980
3961
3880
3862
377.
3751
3676
3657
3580
3581
~
.."•
~
£
21
22
23
24
4336
4314
4292
'268
4237
4216
4194
4170
41 39
4 118
."".
407.
"""
4<l2O
3996
3976
3942
3921
3901
3879
3843
3823
3802
3781
3731
3710
3689
3665
3637
3617
3595
3572
3542
3522
3501
3478
I.,
25 .243 4146 .",., 3952 3856 3758 3641 3546 3456
~
.-.
26
27
28
29
30
4218
4191
4163
4135
4105
.
4121
4095
. 067
..",
."".
'"".
3998
3972
3944
3916
3928
3903
3877
384'
3821
3832
3807
3781
3754
3726
3734
3710
3884
3658
3631
3616
3590
3564
3537
3507
3524
3499
3473
3446
3417
3432
3407
3382
3355
3327
PROPERT I ES
Wt. per Foot 912 891 871 850 830 789 77. 750
Depth d 2' 23J.i 2", 23 22J.i 22)4
Width b
Ratio r. / ry
24
1.50
23"
24
1.49
24
1.49
2'
1.48
2'
1.47
81·1
l.E
22"
23
1.52
23
1.51
23
1.50
Bending BK
Factors By
1 .1 43
.322
.144
.324
.145
.327
.146
.329
.147
.332
.1 48
.334
.1 49
.346
.150
.34'
.151
.352
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
212
IN KIPS ,
14 V'F ltO C O R E S E C TI O N
Unbr-.l
l'll\Ilh eo.... Plat.. : Width .nd Thicknen, lroche.
'N' 22x2~ 22J;2U 22x2}1 22x2'" 22x2~ 22)(2~
-22,2
-- 22)(1 J.i 22l(1 ~
..•,
~
Q 17
18
19
20
3513
3496
3477
3458
3423
3405
3387
3368
3331
3314
3297
3278
3240
3224
3206
3188
3149
3133
3116
3098
3058
3042
3025
3007·
2967
2951
2935
2918
2875
2860
284'
2827
2784
2769
2753
2736
<;
•
..
~
S
21
22
23
2.
3438
3416
3394
3370
3348
3327
3305
3282
3258
3238
3216
3194
3169
31 49
3128
3106
3079
3059
3038
3016
2989
2969
2949
2928
2899
2880
2860
2839
2809
2790
2770
2750
2718
2699
2680
2660
~ 25 3346 3259 3170 3083 2993 2905 2817 2728 2639
~ 26 3321 3234 3146 3058 2970 2892 2794 2705 2617
~ 27 3295 3208 3120 3033 2946 2858 2771 2682 2594
• 28
29
3267
3239
3181
3153
3093
3065
3007
2960
2920
2894
2833
2807
2746
2721
2658
2633
2570
2546
..'"
Q
<
IIu
30
32
3209
3148
3124
3064
3037
2978
2953
2895
2866
2809
2781
272'
2694
2639
2607
2552
"20
2466
2409
~•
<
=>
34
36
38
40
3082
3014
2940
2862
2999
2932
2660
2783
2914
2847
2776
2701
2833
2766
2697
262.
2747
2683
2616
2543
2664
2601
2533
2462
2580
2518
2452
2382
2494
2433
2369
2299
2349
2285
2217
P R O P ERT IES
Wt. per Foot 731 713 694 675 657 638 619 601 582
Depth d 22~ 22 2' U 21 }> 204 21 20li 2O}> 20li
Wi dth b 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22
Ratio h ( ry 1.56 1.55 1.54 1.54 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.51
Bend i ng ~ B. .152 .153 .154 .155 .156 .157 .159 .160 .161
Factors By .363 .366 .370 .374 .377 .382 .386 .391 ~97
AM ERICAN IN STITUTE OF S T EEl.. CON ST RUCTIO N
213
,
_'.-----..1
COVER PLATED
I
x- -- II-·-x
COLUMNS
A LLOWABLE CONCENTR IC LOADS
I
~ IN KIPS
_.
Unbtaced
,.,
I 22,H,
.. Vol' ' "
"'_ ""N' W
2",, ",
' ''
CORE
18" ){ 18,,»
22,1 "' 20" Ii 2O"){ 18"
8
9
2788
2781
,...
2<95 2590
2583
2500
2498
2422
241 4
2334
232<
2259
2251
2183
2175
10 2773 2880 2574 2490 2406 2317 2242 2166
11 2764 2<" 2564 2480 2397 2307 2232 2157
12 2754 2662 2554 2470 2386 2297 2221 2 147
13 2743 2<;5, 2543 2459 2375 2285 2210 2135
0 14 2732 2640 2530 2447 2364 2272 2197 2123
.0 15 2720 2<,. 2517 2434 2351 2258 2184 2110
;;
., ~
a
"
16
17
18
2706
2<92
2<78
2615
2<01
2587
2503
2488
2472
2420
2405
2390
2337
2323
2308
2243
2228
2211
2169
2154
2138
2096
2081
2065
] 19
20
2662
2645
2571
2555
2455
2437
2373
2355
229'
2274
2194
2175
2121
2103
2048
2030
~
~
• 21 2<" 2538
2520
2418 2337 2256 2156 2083 2012
g 22 2610 23" 2317 2238 2135 2063 1993
23 2590 2501 2379 2287 22'8 2114 2043 1972
~ ~
24
25
2570
2550
2482
2461
2357
2335
2276
2255
2197
2176
2092
206.
2021
1998
1951
1928
£
"
•
"
26
27
2528
2500
2440
2418
2312
2288
2232
2208
2154
2130
2045
2020
1975
1950
1906
1882
~
28 2482 2395 2263 2183 2106 ,,.4 1924 1857
29 2458 2371 2237 2158 2080 1967 18.. 1831
"
~
~
0 30 2433 2347 2209 2131 2054 1939 1870 1804
--fi-
~~
~~~
~;~
1189
i-I-#It-
1138 1091
"E5
Wt. per Foot 563 544 524 507 490 473 458 442
Depth d 20 19){ 19~ 19.1i: 197:( ,9U ' 8~
Width b 22 22 20 20 20 18 "
18 18
Ratio rK / ry 1.50 1.50 1.59 1.58 1.58 1.66 1.65 1.64
I F;.,,~i,; JB. :::~
,,,d••• ". ,..., """ 'N'" m,'"
:~ :: .169
.436
.172
.439 .~
••,.. II. ""...".,," '" ,"d "'.
:~~
AMERICAN OF S T EEL
214
14 COLUMNS
I 'IF SHAPES
IN KIPS
,
I.
8 2<00 1960 18'23 1685 1576 1546 1413 '299 1211
2002 1953 1816 1678 156' 1540 1407 1294 1206
2083 1945 1808 1671 1562 1533 1400 1288 1200
<
0
11 2073 1936 1799 1663 1554 1525 1393 1281 1\94
2062 1925 1789 1654 1386 127. 1187
~> 12 '546 1516
..•,
Q
13
14
15
205<
2038
2025
1914
1902
''''
1779
"68
"55
154'
1633
1622
1536
1526
1515
1507
1497
1487
1377
1368
1358
1286
1258
1249
1179
'1171
1163
1348 1239
"~" " 16 2011 1876 1742 1610 1503 1476 "54
1144
. 1995 1862 "29 1597 1491 1463 1337 1228
18 1979 1840 1714 1584 1478 1450 1325 1217 1133
19 1962 183. 1699 156' 1404 1437 1312 1205 1122
B 20 1944 1813 1883 1554 144' 1423 1299 1193 1110
~~ 2< 1925 1794 1668 1538 143' 1408 1285 1180 1098
•
,.• 22
23
'905
1884
In5
1756
1548
1629
1521
1503
1417
1400
1392
1376
127.
1255
1166
1152
1085
10n
•• 24 1862 1736 1610 1485 1382 1359 1239 1137
1122 ....
1058
.."
~
25 183' 1714 158' 1406 1384 1341 1223
< 1567 1446 1345 1322 1205 1106 1029
26 1815 1691
27 1790 1688 1545 1425 1324 1303 1187 lOS' 1013
1
~
<
28
29
1765
1738
1543
1619
1522
1499
1404
1381
1303
1282
1283
1261
1168
1149
1071
1053
996
'79
::> 30 1711 1593 1474 1358 1250 124. 1130 1035 962
32 1663 1538 1423 1310 1213 1195 1087 995 925
34
36
1593
1528
1480
1419
1367
1309
1259
1203
"63
1110
1147
1095
1043
995
945
'"
91.
663
986
944
BOO
38 1458 1354 1247 1146 1054 1041
40 1386 1285 1183 1085 995 984 892 814 753
PROPERTIES
Depth 18j( 18 ~ 18 " )i 16j( 17!4 16j( 16)i 16!4
Width 16j( 16% 16)i 1 6~ 16'" 16U 16)1 16 16
Ratio r. f ry 1.67 1.66 1.66 1.65 1.59 1.64 1.63 1.63 1.62
Bending ~ B. .In .178 .179 .180 .191 .180 .1 81 .182 .182
Factors By .443 .447 .451 .456 .481 .459 .404 .407 .470
.Column Core Section.
COLUMNS 14
W SHAPES
x- .-,<
211
1046
202
1001
'4 x '6
193 164
911
176
871
167 158
... 94' Tn
1161 1117 1072 10>4 969 94' 900 861 817 no
10 1156 1112 1067 1029 940 896 .57 813 no
§
;;
11
12
13
1150
1143
1136
1106
1100
1093
1061
1005
HI49
102.
1018
1011
97'
973
967
935
'30
92'
891
886
880
852
647
642
...
809
799
766
761
156
..•
~
~
" 1128 1086 1041 1004 960 911 874 836 193 150
...
996 953 910 867 829 181 74'
•
~
"
!!
•• 16
11
18
19
1111
1101
1091
1081
1069
1060
1050
1040
1025
'0'6
1007
991
980
971
961
...... ... ...
94•
937
920
91'
903
895
fm
860
852
836
822
"'7
199
780
m
165
151
738
131
724
111
i"•
20 1070 1029 986 951 909 1m 790 74' 709
•'i
21 1058
,....
'017 975 940
... ... ""
899 658 811 181
m
741
131
701
..,
692
... ...
22 104' 963 928
031 161
~
" 23
24
1032 993
,.... "'"
'019
951
'38
916 fm
825
197
186 151
722
112 673
...
88' 851 .19 103
152
111
..,
618
651
643
616
607
...
...
32 • 90 .18 787 111 582
851 182 753 119 685 652 621 588
" 811
'18
". 116 651 619 58'
...'"
36 119 558 521
38
40
76'
724
138
694
104
662
"8
631
646
601
616
518
585
54'
651
'22
521
493
PROPERTIES
,' --
216
14 COLUMNS
'IF SHAPES
y
·-x
111 103 95 67
--- ---
...
6 742 705 1586 673 628 58' 54' 509 470 .30
507 .28
...
7 740 702 '582 670 626 587 547 '68 '
,
8 737 6" 1576 667 623 545 505 ... 1 '26
<
10
11
734
730
726
696
6'3
68'
156'
1562
1554
660
656
620
"6
612
581
578
57.
542
53'
535
502
.99
. 96
:1
.58
42.
.22
'19
•l' 12 722
680
685 1546
1536
651
640
608
603
570
566
531
527
493 455
.51
416
13 717 413
-•,
>
a
' 89
14 712 675 1526 641 598 561 523 ' 85 447 409
...
0
15 706 670 1515 635 593 556 518 480 443 405
'C
..•• 16 700 1503 629 587 551 513 475 '39 401
17 6.. 658 1491 6" 581 545 508 470 '34 397
18 687 652 1478 616 575 539 502 '65 '29 392
:E 19 680 645 1464 609 568 532 '96 '59 42. 387
2
~•
•
20
2\
22
...
672
656
638
630
622
144'
1434
1417
601
593
585
561
553
545
525
518
511
'90
483
476
'53
'47
441
418
412
'06
382
3n
372
647 614 1400 576 537 503 43' 400 366
"25
~
'6'
j 24 638 605 1382 567 528 495 46. .27 393 360
~
629 596 1364 557 519 '86 '53 41' 386 353
"-•
<
~
26
27
619
602
586
576
1345
1324
547
537
510
500 ...
<IT ....
.35
411
'03
379
372
346
339
~
~
28
29
598
587
566
555
.303
1282
526
515
'90
'80
' 59
44'
.26
417
395
386
364
358 '
332
325
<
=> 30 575 544 1260 503 46' ' 38 '08 377 347 317
32 552 522 1213 478 446 417 387 358 330 301
34 526 497 1163 453 '2\ 394 366 338 311 294
36 '99 .71 1110 425 396 370 343 317 291 265
38 470 443 1054 395 368 343 317 293 269 246
- ----- 41. 995 365
40 ' 39
I 339 317 293 270 249
1
226
PROPERTIES
Depth 14}i 14 '" 16U 14 " 14 ~ 14!1: 14 !1. 1414 14;' 14
Width 15;' 15% 16% 14U 14U 14% 14% 14% 14 ji 14 ji
Ratio fx/ ry 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.67 \.67 1,67 1.67 1.67 1.66 1.66
Bending ~ B. .184 .185 .191 .1 85 .1 85 .185 .'85 . 185 .186 .185
Factors By .487 .491 .481 .519 520 .52 1 .525 .525 .529 .530
.Colu mn Cor. SUtton .
Load . below huvy IIna are for mar n membe .. witt> I/r ratiol between 120 Ind 200.
COLUMNS 14
I
x-· ·- x
W SHAPES
6
84
413 384
74
206
7 411 382 368 329 295 251 227 203
8 406 379 354 325 292 246 223 199
9 405 376 350 321 288 241 218 195
10 401 372 345 317 284 235 213 190
11 397 368 340 312 2SO 229 207 185
< 12 393 364 334 307 275 222 201 179
.0
1i> 13 388 360 328 301 270 215 194 173
.Q
.<•
14
15
16
383
378
372
355
350
344
321
314
307
295
288
281
264
258
252
207
199
190
187
179
171
166
159
152
••
~
17 366 338 299 273 245 180 162 144
.
B
~ 18
19
20
359
352
345
332
326
319
290
281
271
265
257
248
238
230
222
169
158
146
152
142
131
135
126
~
~
•
21 337 312 261 238 213 135 121
"'
107
•
~
j
22
23
329
320
304
296
250
239
228
218
207
204
195
125
115
112
104
98
90
24 311 288 228 185 106 95 63
..
£a
<
~
25
26
27
302
292
282
279
270
260
215
202
190
195
184
172
174
164
154
97
90
82
87
80
74
n
70
64
•8
~
<
=>
28
29
272
261
250
240
179
168
162
152
144
135
75
69
67
61
59
54
30 250 230 157 142 127 63
226 " 49
32
34 204
207
188
139
121
125
109
112
97
52
,
36 184 169 106 96 85
38 166 152 93 83 74
40 149 136 to 72 64
PR O P ERTIES
Depth 14 )i 14 14)( 14 13:1 14 13YB 13%
Width 12 12 10)i 10 10 8 8 8
Ratio rI/ ry 2,03 2.03 2M 2.4!;1 2.44 3.07 3,07 3.08
Bending Bx
Factors By
l ,189
.659
.189
.665
.194
.821
.194
.630
. 195
.834
.200.
1.090
.201
1.102
.202
1.119
Load s below huvy linn ... for main membe ... with 1/. rUlo, between 120 and 200.
AMER I CAN INSTIT U T E OF S T EEL CONSTRUCTIO N
218
12 COLUMNS
I
IN' SHA P ES x-· ·_x
...
7 932 790 651 .84 .50 352 318
,8 926
920
785
779
647
643
588
584
580
'19
51'
512
.81
477
447 '"410
413
386
384
381
350
347
31'
313
10 913 773 638 57' 508 473 440 406 378 344 310
..
.2 12 896 759 564 ' 98 464 431 398 370 337 304
;; 13 887 751 51' 558 ' 92 '59 '26 393 366 3J3 300
~
877 742 551 .21 361 328
'" '86 '53 368 296
Q
'6 15 866 733 603 544 .80 447 415 383 356 32. 292
•,
473
...
16 855 723 59' 536 440 '09 3n 350 319 288
"" 17 843 712 58' '28 465 . 33 '02 371 344 314 283
..•
~
2
18
19
20
830
816
802
701
68'
676
'76
566
'55
'19
510
500
.57
44'
440
418
410
395
388
380
365
358
351
3J8
332
32'
308
302
296
278
272
266
~ 21 787 663 544 .89 401 372 343 318 260
'31 28'
~ 22 771 64' 532 478 .21 392 364 335 310 282 254
~ 23 754 634 '20 467 .11 382 355 327 302 275 248
j 2. 737 51' 507 '55 400 on 34' 318 294 268 241
.."
~
<
~
8
.
25
27
28
719
700
680
660
603
587
570
552
' 94
. 80
'"451
443
430
417
403
389
378
366
354
362
351
340
328
3J6
326
315
304
309
300
290
286
277
268
258
260
252
243
234
234
228
218
210
"
~
<
=>
29 63' 534 435 38' 341 316 293
280
26' 248 22' 202
30
32
'17 51 '
475
'19
384
37'
341
327 303 281
255
258
-215
238 216
196
193
175
'71 299 27' 23'
34 521 431 348 310 271 250 232 212 1!l6 176 158
36 '74 392 316 281 245 228 209 192 177 160 142
38 '31 356 286 255 m 204 18' 173 159 144 128
40 392 322 230 184 170 156 143 130
260 200
PR O P E R T I ES
"'
14 ~
Depth
Width 12»
13)j
12J1
13»
12 ~
13~
12
12)j
1 2~
12~ 12H" 1231 12»
12U 12~ 127'8 12Ji 12
12Ji 12»
12
Aatio r./ r) 1.79 1.78 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Bending Bx
Factors By
i .212
.800
.213
.610
.214
.620
.216
.631
.216
.634
.216 .216
.637 .641
.216 .217
.642 .64'
.217
.653
.217
.657
LOlld, below huvy li na a .e for mai n mamba .. with ' " . atiol betwee n 120 and 200.
AM ER I CA N IN STITUTE OF" S T EEl. CO N STR U CT I O N
2 19
COLUMNS 12-10
x-'
v
·-x \IF SHAPES
~
12 263 240 212 190 169 513 458
~
13 258 235 205 184 163 505 451
• 14 253 230 198 177 157 496 443
"
•,
\5
15
16
247
241
225
220
190
182
170
162
151
144
..7
477
434
425
"•
~
17
18
235
229
m
214
208
173
163
154
145
137
129
466
455
416
406
'B" 19
20 214
201
194
154
142
136
127
121
113
443
431
395
383
I• 21 206 187 132 117 104 417 371
•
~
'j
22
23
198
190
179
171
122
113
108
100
96
89
403
38'
35'
34<i
24 181 163 104 92 81 374 332
~
'8"
~
26
27
161
152
145
136
88
81
78
71
69
63
341
324
302
286
~
c
• 28
29
143
134
128
120
75
68
65
60
58
53
306
28'
270
256
" 30
32
34
36
126
111
98
86
113
99
87
76
63
53 .
" 49
41
273
243
216
191
241
21 4
190
168
38 75 66 169 148
40 65 58 14' 131
PR O P E RTIES
Depth 12U 12 12U 12 12 11ji 11Ji
Width 10 10 8ji 8 8 1 0~ 10ji
Ratio rJry 2. 10 2.11 2.64 2.65 2.64 1.75 1.74
BBndinOl Bx .218 .221 .221 .227 .227 .261 .262
Factors By .797 .812 1.051 1.068 1.070 .728 .738
Load, below heavy lin e ill .. fo r m ai n membe,.. with I/t "tlo. to.tw •• n 120 a nd 200.
A M E RI CA, N I N STIT U T E O F S T EE L CONST RUCTI O N
220
10 COLUMNS
I W SHAPES
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LOADS
IN KIPS
x- ·-
,
._x
.
Noml... 1 Dototh.nd Width--W'iOh\ POt Foot
Unbr-.l
L.ngth 10.11 10 , 10 J( 8
'N' 89 n n 66 60 54 49 39 33
~
326 303 278 252 227 205 166 143 119
17 36' 318 296 271 246 221 200 158 136 113
~ 310 ,",0 215 194
18 360 28' 264 ISO 12' 107
.l! 19 350 301 281 257 233 209 188 142 121 100
2 20 340 292 27' 24' 226 202 182 133 --113 92
I 21
22
329
317
282
272
263
253
240
231
218
210
195
188
176
169
123
114
105
97
86
79
~
,.
'j 23
24
305
293
261
'SO
243
233
m
21 3
202
193
180
172
162
155 ,.
106 90
83
73
68
25 280 23' m 203 183 164 147 90 76 62
i!'
"'8 26
27
267
252
227
21'
211
19'
192
181
17'
154
156
146
139
131
64
n 65
71 57
53
•
D
<
28
29
237
"..
202
191
187
176
171
161
154
14'
138
130
123
116
71
65
60
55
48
44
" 30 21' 180 167 152 137 122 109 60 50 40
32 188 159 148 134 121 106 96 50 42 34
34 167 140 130 118 106 96 85
147 124 94 74
36
38
40
130
11 3
109
95
"'
101
88
10'
92
80
83
n
84
73
64
65
57
PROPERTIES
D epth 10J-l IOji 10;' lO~i 10M 10)i 10 1O)i 10 ~l<
Width 10~ 10.J4 10)i 10)i 1O)i 10 10 8 8 8
Ratio r.fry 1.73 1.73 I.n I.n 1.72 2.17 2.16 2.16
Bending B.
Factors By
l .263
.744
.263
.753
.264
.759
.263
.751
.263
.765
1.71
.263
.767
1.71
.264
.m
.270
.995
.27'
1.084
.m
1.055
LeI.d, hlow huvy lin' .... for ml'n ml mb ... with 1ft ratio. between 120 .nd 200.
AMERICA N IN STITUTE 0 1" STEEL CON STRUCTION
-- 221
...
COLUMNS 8
W' SHAPES
x-'
y
·-x
...
< 11 298 2'2 '76 '54 '36 97
••l' '2 29' 25' 207 172 '50 '32 '08 93
'46
.,
•
>
0
'3
14
15
293
275
266
237
229
20'
'95
'M
167
16'
'55
14'
'36
'28
'2'
'20
' 03
96
90
88
83
n
\3
•• '6
17
256
246
22'
2'2
'82
174
14.
143
'3'
'25
'15
110
83
:;
71
::
"
!! '8
19
236
224
202
' 92
'66
'58
'36
'29 "'
112
'04
98 64 54
"•
~~
20 2'2 ' 82 ' 49 '2'
112
' 05 92 58
52
49
44
• 2'
22
-! :::
171 ' 39
'29 '05
98
91
86
79 47 40
"•
'j 23
24 16' '37
'20
112
97
8.
84
78
73
68
43
39
36
32
.."•
<
~
25
26
27
'50
'39
'28
118
'04
96
8'
83
n
71
72
67
62
62
57
53
35
3'
28
29
26
[i '29 '09
D 28 '20 '02 82 65 57 49
< 29 94 76 61 52 46
::> 11'
30 '02 87 70 56 48 42
3' 95 80 64 51 44 38
32 87 73 60 47 41 35
33 8' 68 54 43 37 32
34 74 62 50 40
35 68 57
,
8
:~ :~
8;' 8)(
I ~~~~~
')(
:74 8)(
1.74
8)l
1.73
8)l
:)l
8
1.73 2.13 2. 12
Ratio r./ ry 1.75 1.74 '.72
86ndinIO· ~B. .326 .328 .327 .33' .33' .333 .337 .339
Factors 1~ .92' .937 .94' .972 .972 .92' 1.244 1.261
,~" " '0. I • Ire for ... eln •• ," ", "",, 'n.,,, ", ." "'.
AME;R I CAN I NS TIT U T E OF STEEL
222
COLUMNS
'" p
I AMERICAN STANDARD BEAMS
'"
. -X
.",
IN KIPS
""~--,'"'
6 ..
17.25
3'"
12.5
NomIn&I o.th _
14.75
." 10.0
Widttt-W"'I/ht 1* FOOl
1 ~
9.'
l( 2~
7.7
I 7.'
3 .. 2~
' .7
.,
2
3
•
82
79
73
56
54
7.
66
61
47
4.
41
4'
42
38
36
34
30
35
32
28
.
26
21
•
6
66
58
49
44
54
46
37
32
33
25
26
22
23
17.2
18
13.4
c 7 48 38 36 26 20 16.6 12.6 9.9
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1;
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8
9
38
31
2.
31
25
20
28
22
16.8
20
15.3
12.1
15.2
11.4
12.7
9.'
9.' 7.3
18.3 15.7
"i.i• "'2 12
"
"1l•
Q
•
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~
""
c
1D
C
=>
PROPERTIES
Oepth
Width
6
3ji
6
3ji
•
3f/
•
3
•2,. •2ji 3
2)i
3
2ji
Ratio r~/rr
B8ndingl~
Factors
3.35
.•79
3.862
3.42
.497
3.282
2.97
.715
4.2911
3.15
.593
3.500
....
2.69
4.246
2.78
.737
3.810
2.21
1.124
4.617
2.32
.982
4.100
L.oad, below huV)" IIna ... for main mambe". with I" ratios betwMn 120 and 200.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE: OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
F
MISCELLANEOUS LIGHT
x- -
,
,
_-x COLUMNS
Unbraoed
Lena tll
'H' '-
..",
~
a
•
10
11
12
151 100 103
147
143
95
89
98
93
79
7'
69
82
78
7'
63
60
56
37
32
25
20
66
61
55
69
65
59
59
55
50
30
25
32
27
'0
"
~
~
13
14
15
69
64
59
53 27
22
19
17
14
11
.2
37
'7
41
39
35
21
17
15
23
19
16
£
i 16
17
68
61
46
41
53
48
39
35
15 32
28
37
32
30
27
14
•
~
18
19
55
50
37
33
43
39
31
28
25
21
28
25
23
20
'i 20 90 45 29 35 25 19 21 18
...
<
21 83 25 31 22 19
~
u
-• 22
23
76
70
31
27
40
36
32
22
20
28
25
20
17
15
0
2' 65 28 22 15
-"
~
=>
25
26
27
59
54
49
25 19
28 45
29 41
30 38
31 34
224
T
PLATE & ANGLE T~
web-+t..
I COLUMNS
~
•
x
I N K IPS y
:2
.-
Web Plate
..,.
4427
24>3'11.
• 335
4326
16x 1 ~
8x8xl ).i
23>3 '11
"'214
'205
23.<3*
4117
4106
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----
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40 ••
23.3\40
3923
3914
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382•
3816
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3740
3732
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8 II:
"" ""
3642
3634
8X1
3538
3530
I. -4519 44.8 4316 4194 4098 4000 3904 3806 3m 3625 3520
~~
11
12
13
'5(16
4496
4483
4407
4395
.382
4306
'294
4282
4183
4171
4 157
4067
4075
4062
3989
39n
3965
3893
3882
388'
3796
3784
3m
3713
3702
3690
3615
3604
3593 ....
351.
3498
.. 436'
14 4489 '268 4143 4047 3951 3855 3758 36n 3580 3473
15 4454 4354 4253 4127 4032 3935 3840 3743 3663 3566 3458
• 16 4438 '338 '237 4111 401 6 3919 3824 3m 3649 3551 3442
:6 17 4420 '321 4221 4093 3998 3902 3807 3711 3633 3536 3426
•] 18
19
4402
4383
.303
.284 '203
41 85
4074
4054
3980
3960
3884
3885
3789
In.
3693
3674
3616
3598
3520
3503
3409
3390
.." 20
21
4363
'341
' 264
.243
4165
<41-43
4033
4012
3939
3918
3844
3823
3750
3729
3655
3634
3580
3561
3465
3466
3371
3351
I
22 4319 .221 4122 3988 3895 3801 3707 3612 3540 3445 3329
23 • 295 4197 4099 3964 3871 ln7 3684 3590 3519 342• 3307
2' ' 271 4173 4075 3939 3846 3753 3660 3566 3496 3402 3284
25 .245 4148 4051 3913 3820 3m 3635 3541 3473 3379 3250
:€
• 26 4219 4122 4025 3886 3794 3703 3609 3515 3448 3355 3234
j 27
28
4191
-41 62
4095
4067
3998
3970
3857
3828
3766
3736
3673
3645
3582
3554
3488
3461
3423
3397
3330
3304
3207
3180
E 29 4132 4037 3940 3796 3706 3615 3525 3432 3370 32n 3151
30 4102 4007 3911 3764 3675 3585 3494 3402 3342 3250 3122
To
~
• 32 4037 3944 3649 3698 361. 3520 3430 333' 3282 3192 3061
34 3968 3876 3781 3627 3540 3452 3363 3273 3219 3129 2996
I•
~
36
38
40
3895
3818
3737
3805
3m
3647
37 11
3636
3558
3552
3473
3389
3466
3388
3306
3379
3302
3221
3291
3215
3135
3202
3127
3048
3152
3092
3006
3064
2995
2921
2925
2851
277.
=>
.
.2
44
48
50
3651
3561
3467
3369
3267
3563
3475
3383
3287
3187
3474
3387
3294
3200
3 101
3301
3209
3113
301.
2904
3218
3127
3032
2933
2829
3135
3046
2953
2855
2753
305.
2963
2871
277.
2674
2965
2878
2788
2693
2593
2930
2848
2753
2671
2578
2844
2764
2678
2590
2'99
2693
2806
2516
2424
2326
830 811
23U 23
791
22)j ~~
754
22)j
734 71'
22Ji 22Ji
Width b 24 24 2' 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 22
1.50 T.~9 T.~9 1.55
Rat io r./ r'l 1.54 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.53 1.52 1.58
Bending~ B~ .148 . 1~9 .150 .151 .153 .154 .155 .'56 .150 .152 .153
Factors By .334 .336 .339 .354 .356 .359 .363 .388 .354 .357 373
A M ERICAN IN ST I T U TE 01" STEE L CONSTRUCT ION
225
y
rl-L
w.l+t"
x 1 COLUMNS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRI C LOA DS
IN K I PS
I
S H O RT l.EGS CO NN ECT ED TO WE 8
Web Pllte 15 xt
• "ngla 8x 6 x 1 8 x6 x ~ 8x 4 x 1
2 Cover Plate. '22>.3 Yo ?2><3 2'2dJ.l, 22>:2%
I'-----" -
22x2% nay, '22x2%
I-----"- - 'n"* 21d~ ,,,,* 2'0>.2',4 19>2'10
•
10
9
3447 3354 3261 3168 3075 2982 2880 2787 2706 2592 2507
3439 3346 3254 3161 3068 2975 2874 2781 2699 2684 2500
3430 3338 3245 3153 3060 2967 2868 2773 2691 25n 2492
2429
2422
2414
11 3421 3328 3236 31 44 3052 2959 2858 2765 2682 2568 2484 2405
•
0
12
13
3410 331' 3226 3134
3399 3307 3215 3123
3042 2949 2848 2756
3031 2939 2838 2747
2673 2559 2475
2683 2548 2....
2395
2384
~ 14 3386 3295 3203 3112 3020 2928 2828 2736 2652 2537 2454 2373
.,
•
~
a 15
16
3373 3282 3190 3099
3359 3268 3176 3086 2994 2903 2804
3007 2916 2817 2725
2713
2640 2525 2442
2627 2429 2347
2512
2361
~ ,.
17
19
3344 3253 3162 3071 2980 2889 2791
3328 3237 3147 3056 2968 2874 2777
3311 3221 3130 3040 2950 2859 2763
2700
2687
2672
2614 2498 2416 2333
2600 2484 24<12 2318
2584 2469 2387 2302
;; 20 3293 3203 3113 3024 2934 2843 2747 2657 2568 2453 2371 2286
~
21 3274 3185 3095 3006 2916 2826 2731 2641 2552 2436 2354 2268
"11•
~
22
23
24
3255 3166 3076 2968
3234 3145 3057 2968
3213 3124 3036 2948
2898 2808 2714 2625
2879 2790 2696 2607
2859 m l 2678 2589
2534 2418 2337
2515 2399 2319
2496 2380 2300
2250
2230
221 0
£
• 25 3190 3103 3014 2927 2838 2750 2659 2571 2476 2360 2260 2190
• 26
27
3167
3143
3080 2992 2905 2817 2729
3056 2968 2882 2794 2707
2639 2551 2456
261. 2531 2434
2339 2259 2168
2317 2238 2145
] 28
29
3118
3092
3031 2944 2858 2m 2684
3006 2919 2834 2747 2661
2596 2509 2412
2573 2487 2388
2294 2216 2122
2271 2193 2097
." 30 3065 2979 2893 2808 2722 2636 2550 2464 2364 2246 2169 2072
""• 32
34
3008 2924 2839 2754
294. 2865 2781 2698
2670
2614
2585
2530
2501
2449
2416 2313 2195
2365 2259 2140
21 19
2065
2019
1963
"
~
•u
36
38
40
2884 2802 2718 2637
2816 2736 2654 2574
2745 2666 2586 2506
2554
2491
2426
2472
2410
2346
2394
2336
2274
2311 2203 2082
2254 21 42 2021
2193 207' 1957
2009 1903
1949 1640
1885 1772
"
~
"
• 42
44
2670 2592 2512 2436 2357 2278 2210
2591 2515 2437 2361 2263 2206 214 1
2'3' 2011 1889 1819 1703
2065 1940 1818 1750 1630
46 2509 2436 2358 2284 2208 2132 2070 1995 1868 1744 1676 1552
4. 2423 2350 2274 2204 2128 2054 1997 1922 1791 1666 1600 1472
50 2333 2263 2189 211 9 2045 '972 1919 1846 1710 1585 1522 '''i408
602
20
22
j
1.47 1.47
.160 ,158
581
2O)j
22
583
20)( 20
22 54J
21
1.46 1.52
,159
2074'
24
20
491
507
20
20
20
19
1.57 1.57 1.63
.160 .1 57 .158 .159
B e ndi nll 1B~
Factors By .352 .355 .308 .362 .365 .369 .364 .368 .383 .385 .389 .403
Load. b"row heavy tin" aNI for m ai n ",,, m be ... with II. ratl ... bet ween 120 a nd 200.
AMERICA N IN S T IT UTE O F S TEEL CON STRU C T IO N
226
I
PLATE & ANGLE
COLUMNS
ALLOWABLE CONC ENTRI C LOADS
wIl..x-·_·
t"
r: j
I N K I PS
S H ORT L EGS CONN ECTE D T O WEB
LL
Web Pllte 14 x l 14 x 1~ 14 x ~ 14 x I"
4A"III.. 8x4x l 8x4x }i 8x 4 x}.i 8l1 4 xJ.i
2 Cove. Pilla lh2 ~ lb2'A 18>.2 1<\ lb'l ~ 17~2V. 17.2 17.1 ~ 17.1 \I, 11.1';'
-- -- -- - - - - -- - -
17.1 "
10
,
8 2413
2405
2397
2334
2327
2318
2278
2271
2263
22<)2
2195
2187
211 2
2104
2096
196'
1962
1954
1826
1819
1812
1m
1764
1757
1698
1692
1685
1627
1621
1614
2178 1945
.~ 11
12
2388
2379
2309
2299
2253
2243 2168
2087
2077 1936
1804
1795
1749
1740
1677 1606
1598
;; 13 2368 2287 2232 2158 2068 1926 1785 1731
166'
1660
.,
a>
•
14
15
2357
2344
2275
2263
2221
2208
2146
2134
2054
2<>!2
1915
1903
1774
1763
1720
1709
1650
163'
158'
1579
156'
~
~
16
17
18
2331
2317
2303
2249
2234
2218
2194
2180
2164
2120
2106
2091
2028
2014
1999
1890
1876
1862
1751
1738
1725
,....
1697
1671
1627
1615
1602
1558
1546
1533
•
Ie 19 2287 2202 2148 2076 1982 1847 1710 1657 1688 1520
20 2270 2184 2131 2059 1965 1830 1695 1642 1574 1506
B
i• 21 2253 2166 2113 2041 1947 1814 1679 1626 1559 1491
.,•
22 2235 2147 2094 2023 1929 1796 1662 1610 1543 1476
23 2216 2127 2074 2094 1909 1777 1645 1593 1526 1459
£ 24 2196 2106 2054 1984 1889 1758 1627 1575 1509 1442
25 2175 2083 2032 1963 1867 1738 1808 1556 1491 1425
~ 26 2154
2132
2080
2037
2010
1987
1941
1918
1845
1822
171 7 1688
1567
1536 1472 1407
1388
.: 27 1695 1516 1452
£ 28 2108 2013 1963 1895 1798 1672 1546 1495 1432 1368
29 2084 1987 1938 1870 1773 164' 1523 1473 1411 1347
"-
Ie
30 2059 1960 1912 1845 1747 1624 1500 1451 1389 1326
1 32
34
2006
1951
1905
1846
1858
1801
1792
1736
1693
1636
1573
1519
1452
1401
1403
1353
1343
1293
1281
1234
-
D
::>
36
38
"
1892
1830
1763
1784
1717
1648
1738
1673
1605
1676
1612
1546
1575
1510
1442
1461
1400
1336
1346
128'
1228
1299
1242
1183
1242
1188
1130
1184
1130
1074
42 1694 1574 1533 1476 1370 1268 1164 1120 106' 1015
44 1622 1498 1458 1402 1285 1197 1097 1052 1002 951
I
PR O P ER TIES
~r28
Wt. pe r Ft. '88 473 461 399 371 359 345 330
Depth d 19 19 19 181~ 19 18» 18 1 7~ 17» 17 ~
Width b 19 18 18 18 17 17 17 17 17 17
Ratio rx / ry 1.53 1.59 1.60 1.59 1.68 1.65 1.63 1.62 1.61 1.60
Bending B" 1 .170 .172 . 171 .172 .168 .170 .173 .175 .176 .178
Factors By .'00 .414 .416 .420 .422 ,426
.435 .441
Load. be low huvy Ilne:ore l or m.ln m ambe ... with llr UltlOI between lWa nd 200.
.'" .451
i
y
-x COLUMNS
ALLOW A BLE CO NCEN TRIC LOADS
IN K I PS
I
SHORT I...EGS CONNECTED TO WI;B
2 eo..... Pl ato. 17.1 Yo 17.. 1 % 16.1 V- 11;., 16xl 16. % 16.''io 16. " 16·' 1io 11; ' %
7
,
8
1561
1555 ,.....
1489 1415
1410
1307
1301
1228
1m
1161
1156
1127
1122
1079
1074
1045
1041
997
992
154' 1478 1404 1295 1217 1150 1117 106' 1035 987
10 1543 1472 1398 1288 1211 1144 1111 1063 1029 982
c
~
11 1535 1465 1390 1280 1203 1137 1104 1056 1023 975
12 1527 1457 1382 1272 1195 1129 1096 104' 1016 968
..,~
~
•
13
14
15
1519
1509
1499
1448
1439
1429
1374
1365
1355
1263
1254
1242
1187
1 178
1168
1121
1112
1102
1088
1079
1070
1041
1033
102.
1008
1000
991
961
'53
944
'0
"
.l!
~
16
17
18
1489
1477
1465
1419
1405
1396
1344
1333
1321
1231
121 9
1206
1157
1146
1134
1092
1('81
106'
105'
1048
1037
1014
1003
992
981
'71
960
935
925
914
2 1383 1308 1025
~
~
•
"
20
1452
1438 1370 1295
1193
1178
1121
1108
1057
1044 101 2
980
968
948
936
903
892
.',•" 21
22
1424
1409
1356
1342
1281
1256
1163
11 48
1093
1079
1030
1016
998
984
'55
942
923
910
879
886
.
/!.
23
2.
25
1393
13n
1360
1327
13 11
1294
1250
1234
1217
11 31
1114
1096
1063
1047
1030
1001
985
96'
970
954
938
927
912
897
896
881
886
853
83'
82•
.;
.- IOn
...
26 1342 1m 1200 1013 952 921 881 850 809
"" c 27
28
1323
1304
1259
1241
1182
1163
1058
1038
995
"6
93'
'16
904 864
847
834
817
793
no
'56
I
D
c
29
30
1284
1264
1222
1202
1143
1123
1017
996 936
897
877
867
848
829
81.
799
780
759
741
::> 32 1220 1160 1080 '50 893 836 807 770 741 704
"'.
34 1174 111 5 1035 902 848 792 764 729 700 664
36 1068 987 851 800 745 717 865 657 623
38 1074 1018 936 797 749 696 667 636 608 576
40 1019 966 883 738 693 642 "6 587 561 531
r"
PROPERTI ES
WI. per Flo "6 301 287 265 24' 236 212 202
16 ~
Depth d
Width b
17
'!~ 17 16% 16% 16 16
'~J1 '5",
Ratio r"./ry
Bendina Bx
17
1.60
.18()
1.59
17
.181
"
1.67
.178
16
1.74
.184
16
1.75
.181
"
1.75
.184
16
229
1.75
,las
16
1.75
.185
"
1.75
.186
"
1.75
.186
Factors By 1 .457 .464 .466 .538 .538 .552 .559 .563 .573 .578
Load. b,low heavy Un e ar. for main m. mb .... with Ilr ratl .,. b,tw,,,,, 120 lind 200.
AMERICAN I NST ITU T E OF" S T EEL CON STRUCTI O N
228
1
I IN KIPS
COLUMNS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LOA DS
y
,
S H OAT LEG S CO NN ECTED TO WEB
114.", , •• jj 114.", , h )4
<A.".. 1I ,.... 1"" % " .. % I""" " .. , I "... " ... 1""%
7 949 915 867 819 770 738 697 678 629 600 548
8 944 912 863 815 766 734 694 674 625 '96 545
'0
9 939
934
907
901
859
854
81 1
806
762
757
730
725
690
685
670
665
62'
6'6 ,..
'92 54'
536
11 928 895 848 SOl 751 72Q 680 659 611 583 531
12 921 889 842 795 745 714 674 653 605 5n 526
13 914 882 835 789 739 708 668 647 598 571 52Q
I. 906 875 828 762 732 701 662 639 591 565 513
898 867 821 775 724 693 655 632 584 557 506
"'6 889 858 813 767 716 68e 647 624 576 550 499
17 879 849 804 759 707 677 639 615 568 542 491
'8 869 839 794 750 698 668 631 606 559 534 483
19 859 829 785 741 686 658 622 596 549 525 474
20 847 819 774 731 678 648 612 586 539 515 465
2' 835 807 764 720 668 638 602 575 529 505 455
22 823 795 752 710 657 627 592 563 518 495 445
23 810 783 740 698 645 616 581 552 506 484 435
2. 796 no 728 686 632 603 569 539 494 473 424
782 756 715 674 620 591 557 526 481 461 412
"
26 768 742 701 661 606 578 545 513 468 449 400
27 752 728 687 648 593 564 632 499 454 436 387
28 736 713 673 634 578 550 519 485 440 423 37.
29
30
720
703
697
681
658
642
619
605
563
548
635
521
505
490
469
453
425
410
409
395 ;:;
*
• _ _ m
~~
~ ~ ~ ~6 ~
3'6
34 629 :;~ 575 540 ~ --m- ~ : 287
~:-:-7,;
'29i;-I~i-
312 30'2 260
:: _ rn
405
81
380
_
358
m 319 283 275 23'
~ ~ ~ ~
256 249 212
I ~:;i:~Ft I '~~ I '::~ ';:~ I '::J< '::~ '~)j ':;~ I ';:~ ';:~ I ';!~ ':!~
Width b 16 16 16 16 15 15 15 14~ 14J.; 14~ 14~
Rati ~. rx/,r!. 1.75 1.76 1.76 1.77 1.83 1.84 1.84 .84 1.87 .88 1.91
Bend ingl~~ .186 .183 .183 .183 .186 .188 .187 .198 .~~ .~~~ .~
I F;ct~,,-IB; .585 .'79 .585 .'92 .610 .624 .627 ~ .710 .'''' .7'"
L •• ,. ,,,,. . ,, , •• " . . . , • ,,"".
AMERICAN IN ST ITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRU CT I ON
229
wIgJEl
r--]
T PLATE & ANGLE
COLUMNS
A LLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LOA DS
I
LL~ IN K I PS
S H OR T LEGS CONNECTIEO TO WEIEI
Web Plate
4 Angl81
I1~4'%0 1.4. v.. 6•• >% 6>.4.l,.
I.,"
~" hl$x3'h'U. $x:J'h.'\t 4dxlit
14 )(
4.lxMo
-----
7 '78 . 37 400 362 34' 314 282 262 237 22' 198
8 475 43. 396 358 340 309 277 256 230 218 193
9 4n ' 31 391 354 334 303 272 248 m 211 186
10 468 .27 387 349 328 297 266 239 215 204 179
c 11 463 .23 381 344 321 291 260 230 206 195 171
0
12 '59 418 375 339 313 283 253 219 196 186 163
~ 13 .54 369 333 305 275 246 208 185 176 153
.,
a
•
~
14
15
448
442
41'
408
403
362
355
326
319
296
286
267
258
238
m
196
183
173
161
166
154
--
143
132
'0 16 436 397 347 312 276 248 219 169 147 141 120
209 ""T53 134
..•"
17 .29 390 338 304 26' 237 128 108
;; 18 422 384 329 29' 253 226 199 140 121 116 98
19 41. 3n 320 286 241 214 188 126 110 106 88
20 369 310 277 228 202 ....!ZL 99 96
B
406
"' 80
• 22
23
389
379
370
353
344
288
277 246
234
185
172
174
162
150
140
129
94
84
76
80
73
65
78
70
63
64
57
"
'j
2'
2' 360
33' 265
326 ~ 222
-- 160 139 119 68 58 56 "
46
""
26 349 316 238 209 14. 129 110 61 '2 50
.S 27 338 30' 22. 197 137 119 102
28 327 29' 211 185 127 11 0 94
WI. per Ft. 97.9 89.5 62.7 75.1 12.3 65.9 59.5 48.9 43.7
Depth d 141i 141i 141i 14.!1 14.!4 147li 141i 571
147!i
f 14
9~ 141i 141i
Width b 14!.i 14 ~
Ratio r. / ry 1.94 1.96 2.31
12"
2.35
10~
12"
2 .81
10"
2.86 2.91
Bending1 B. .198 .200 .205 .207 .207 .209 .212 .212 .216
3.63 3.69
10", 8 B~
3.70 .'"
.210
8~'
3.n
.215
Factors By .736 .756 .939 .978 1.165 1.222 1.283 1.608 1.705 1.635 1.745
Load . below keavy line ",re for ,,, .. In m,mb, .. with II" ratl". betwee n 120 and 200.
AMERICAN IN ST I TUTE 0". STEEL CONSTRUCTION
230
,
y
:1
PLATE & ANGLE T'==i
I COLUMNS
T~-
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LOADS
I N KIPS i
SHORT I.E GS CONNECTED TO WEB 1----'----
Web PlIII 12)( ~ 12 x 6 12 x ~ 12x M 12x ~
6~4x 'A &'4 .. % 6.4.% 6"4x % 6.4> % Sx4.%. 60.0 % S.h'l<, 6x4.", S••• y.
....l1li 1"
2 CoWl. PI~tet 13>% 13 .. % 13x % 13. 'h 13. % 13 .. !io
---
---
7 936 864 785 718 651 587 486 44' 425 388
,
8
10
'30
923
85'
852
845
780
774
767
713
707
701
646
641
635
582
577
sn
482
477
471
445
440
435
421
417
412
384
380
375
'16
< 11 907 837 760 694 629 566 465 429 406 370
.9 423 365
12 897 828 752 687 621 55' 458 400
"§ 451 .16 394 359
81' 61. 552
.,
~
Q
•
13
14
15
887
876
864
809
798
743
733
723
678
66'
660
605
596
544
535
443
.35
408
400
387
380
352
345
..
~
•
B
18
19
20
824
809
793
760
746
731
688
675
662
627
615
602
665
554
542
507
496
484
406
395
383
373
362
351
354
344
334
321
312
303
i• 21
22
776
758
715
699
647
632
588
574
529
515
473
460
371
359
340
328
32'
313
203
283
•
~
23
24
740
721
682
664
616
600
55'
544
501
486
471
447
433
419
346
332
318
315
302
268
301
28'
276
272
261
'i 25 701 645 582 528 24'
..•
~ 26
27
28
860
658
636
626
606
586
564
546
526
511
493
475
455
438
421
404
389
373
303
,..--
270
274
:~
263
248
235
237
223
210
230 198
..~•
29 613 564 506 456 403 356 255 222
< 30 58' 541 485 437 384 337 241 216 209 187
~
31 564 516 463 415 385 320 227 204 197 176
u --;;J6 440 347 214 192 185 165
0 32 492 395 304
~ 33 510 468 '19 375 329 288 2(r2 180 175 156
< 34 486 446 398 357 312 273 190 170 164 146
" 35 462 424 379 33' 296 259 178 159 155 137
36 43' 403 360 322 281 245 168 150 145 129
38 397 364 325 289 252 220 148 132 128 113
40 358 328 292 260 226 196 130 11 5 112 99
PROPERTIES
WI. per Ft. 191 177 120 100 92.8 87.7 80.1
Depth d 14 14 13' , 13 13~ 13» 12;' 12Ji 12;' 12Ji
Width b 13 13 16j
13 14j
13 134
13 13 12;' 12Ji 12» 12»
Ratio r4ry 1.79 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.83 1.84 1.89 1.92 1.92 1.94
BendinOlBr. .225 .223 .222 .224 .227 .m .248 .249 .242 .243
Factors By .677 .682 .694 .715 .741 .766 .'92 .917 .887 .910
Lo"". below hUY)'lIne UI for main m"mb ... witt> I /r rati.,. between 120 .nd 200.
AMER I CAN IN STIT UTE OF S TE El- CONSTRUCTION
231
y
r--
PLATE & ANGLE
wIt" --,
'-'==
yI
COLUMNS
7 350 312 302 290 259 240 215 1B9 657 601 540
8 346 309 298 286 255 234 209 184 651 595 535
9 342 305 293 282 250 228 203 178 644 589 529
10 338 301 287 276 245 221 196 t72 637 581 523
<
0
tt 333 297 281 270 240 213 189 165 628 573 516
~ ~
12 328 292 274 264 234 204 181 157 619 585 508
g 13 323 286 267 257 228 194 172 149 609 555 500
~
0
14 316 281 259 250 221 184 162 140 598 545 490
• 15 310 275 250 242 213 t73 152 130 586 534 481
••
••
u
t6 303 268 241 233 205 161 140 tt8 574 522 470
.."
2
t7
18
19
20
295
287
279
270
261
254
246
238
231
221
210
199
224
215
205
194
197
188
178
168
148
135
123
tt2
128
116
106
96
107
97
88
80
561
547
"2
516
510
496
482
467
459
447
435
421
~ 452
~ 21 261 229 186 182 157 102 87 72 500 408
~ 22 251 220 t73 170 146 93 79 65 482 436 393
23 241 21t 161 158 135 84 7t 58 464 419 "8
"••.- 24 230 201 149 147 126 76 64 52 445 401 362
..." 25
26
27
~
207
195
~ 139
179
169
129
1t9
t37
t27
tt8
tI7
108
100
68
62
56
58
52
46
47
42
425
405
382
382
362
342
345
328
306
.."''"
28 184 159 ttO 109 92 361 322 292
< 29 t73 149 102 101 85 340 303 274
30 163 140 94 93 79 322 285 258
8 31
'" 132 87 66 72 302 269 244
~•
<
32
33
144
135
127
123
116
108
80
74
68
80
73
68
67
61
56
285
268
252
2"
238
223
230
216
34 203
" 35 tt9 101 62 62 237 209 190
36 Itl 95 223 197 179
38 98 83 196 173 t57
40 85 72 t73 151 138
PROPERTIES
63.3 ~60.8
~4t6 ~ ~ 12411'"
WI. por Ft. 54.4 52.0 ttl
72.5 64.5
Depth d
Width b
Ratio r./ ry
12M '2 ~
12'" 12", 10
1.98 2.01 2.41
12
W,,",
2.40
12 ~
8.. I..,.
12J.i 12;,0 468
127'2 12M 136
8
2.44 3.05 3.10 3.17 1.81
11
as 11 11
1.81
ttl>
tt
1.82
B8nding ~B .. .244 .246 .245 .239 .242 .241 .244 .249 .263 .266 .259
Factors By .945 .983 1.174 1.141 1.188 1.492 1.564 1.660 .794 .816 .814
Load. below tleav)' line .... for ma in memb .... with 1/, r.thn between 120and 200.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE 0 ... STEEl. CONSTRUCTION
232
,
t··
PLATE & ANGLE r=-
I COLUMNS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTR IC LOADS
IN KIPS
x-·-
,i
-x
- '" - - - - - - - - -
11 • -
-- -- -- --
....
<
,. 7
8
9
479
47.
.68
.38
'33
.28
422
382
378
372
366
312
308
303
298
281
277
272
267
239
236
232
228
m
217
..
211
205
,190
'"
'" '"
187
lBl
167
162
'"
145
141
137
132
11 .61 416 359 292 262 223 174 151 127
~ 12
13
454
446
409 352 285
279
268
250
218
212 182
. 167
'" 121
~
g
.38
402
394
344
243 '" 13.
152
115
,.,
137
14 336
'" 206 173
'"
",• .
15 .28 386 326 263 235 200 163 143 122
'" --..
16 419 375 316 255 227
,
193 163 133 113 93
"iJ• 17
18
19
408
397
365
355
344
305
294
245
236
219
21. 178
17.
142
130
119 ,
112
..
---,-"
94 76
69
..
~ 386 282 226 200 86
269 215 190 161
2
~~
20
21
373
360
332
319 268 204 179 152
'"99 93 78 62
68
••
•
22
23
347
333
306
293
242
226
192
178
168
168
141
132
90
82
77
7.
"
54
58
51
46
~
2' 318 279 211 166 145 123 75 54 63 .2
~
i
~
25
.,
302 ""263
247 , ..
197
'"
145
135
126 ,..
11. 68
61
"
52
47 37
.
26 285 '2 33
.. .. ..
269 233 172 117 99 55 47 38
£
28 263 219 '" 100
'" ,125 '"93 91 50 '2
"'
<
~
29
30
238
22. ,
205 149
139
116
78
~
• 31 211 181 129 100 86 73
•
0
198 169 120 93 67
.
32 80
~ 33 186 159 m 86 73 62
< 148 103 79 68
"
34
35 '"
163 139 73 62 "
52
36 163 130
37
38
143
134
121
113
88
81
67
"
•• 117 98
PROPER TI ES
Wt. per Flo 99.9 90.5
50.~ 65.
58.6 47.7 42.5 37.3 150.1
31,7
Depth d
Width b
l1 U
11
11li 10 ~
11
IO Yl
1~
10M 10.11
l~Al 10}i
'.J,i '.J,i '.J,i '.J,i
10 8li 8li 8li 8li
Ratio rx/ ry
Bending ~ B.
1.83
.262
1.83
.269
1.87
.298
1.93
.292
1.96
.292 .287
2.49
.286
2.63
.287
2.58
.291
11.99
2.63
.297
Factors By .843 .893 1.028 1.064 1.101 1.111 1.393 1.447 1.51 3 1.611
Load. below heavy line are for main m.mb . .... with 1/. rUi os between 120 and 200.
A MERI CAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT I ON
233
I
wIg[]
r-- - 1 PLATE & ANGLE
COLUMNS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC LOADS
I
LL-J fN KfPS
S H OA T U!:GS CON NECTED T O WlE8
WR PI.II 8 , ~ 8, ~ 8 , J{
.""",.. <4 . 3 . % 4,,3. YI '.3. U. '.3. to 4.-J. ~ 4.3. '/0 :h2 ',~ ."M h2Y, . V.
'0
,• 11 273 229 199 175 146 122 97 80
~
.• f'
13
264 221
212
191
183 ,.,
168 140
133
117
111
88
78
71
63
14 '"
'43 202 174 153 126 105 68 55
" 15 '32 192 165 144 119 98 60 48
"¥ I.
~
~
•'j• 17
18
220
206
192
f81
'.9
156
155
145
133
135
125
115
111
102
94
91
83
7.
.
53
40
"
37
31
i
19
20 I.,
m 143
131
122
111
104
96
86
78
.9
63
35
30
27
"•
~c
"'8
21
22
23
,.
24
149
137
126
115
105
120
110
101
91
83
.
101
92
n
87
79
72
65
59
71
64
58
53
48
57
52
47
"
38
•
~
c
=> 26 96 76
70
63 53 43 34
,.
27
29
87
79
72
.,
.9
56
57
51
4.
48
43
39
35
31
30 65
WI.
Depth d
per Foot ....8»
54 .•
8li
PROPERT I ES
47.7
8»
42.5
8»
35.6
8»
30.0
8»
29.2
8»
24.8
8»
Width b 8~ 8~ 8~ 8~ 8J{ 8J{ .J{ 6J{
Ratio r./ ry 1.82 1.89 1.94 1.96 2.00 '.04 2.67 2.73
t
Bending BII
Factors By
.385
1.263
.382
1.337
.375
1.370
.376
1.421
.371
1.442
.374
1.525
.364
2.054
.390
2.196
L.OIId, below h ... vylln. I .. for ml ln m,mlH .. with ll • •• tlot. between 120 and 200.
AMERICAN I NSTITUTIit 0'" STEEL CONSTRUCTION
234
These tables have been cast in a form believed to be new, Each angle size is
tabulated on a different set of lengths than its neighbors, in order (1) to locate more
precisely the length at which llr - 120 and 200, and (2) to facilitate accurate inter-
polation for lengths which the page size forbids tabulating. A dash line indicates
the greatest center to center length in feet for which llr is not over 120: and a solid
line, 200, An experienced designer will, in interpolating, recall that the curve of unit
stress is convex upward for llr - 0 to 120, and convex downward thereafter.
The Institute will apprecia te comment upon these tables, after they have been in
use over a trial period.
Tabulated capacities for struts with llr over 120 are applicable to bracing and
secondary members only (Specification Section 16(a», For such struts used as main
members, t he tabulated loads must be reduced as illustrated on Page 210 (Specification
Section 16(b) ),
The tabulated capacities of double-angle struts, referred to the Y-Y axis, assume
gussets ~"thick, T he effect on llr of varying the gusset thickness is slight. If~"
gussets are used, it is sufficiently accurate to increase the tabulated capacity on the
Y_ Y axis, when the length exceeds 10 feet. by the arbitrary fra ction
length in ft.- l0
2000
T ransver.;e to the plane of a gusset plate the actual fixation of a strut is frequently
less than the column formula, on which the strut tables are based, presumes: and for such
construction the tabulated safe loads should be regarded as ideal limits and should be
reduced in practice.
The tabulated properties of two angles, on pages 123 to 127. will be found usefu l
when designing struts of this type in accordance with any particular conception of the
loading conditions.
Unit stresses for a ll types o f compression members under concentric load, are
tabulated on page 209.
DOUBLE-ANGLE
I
x ~~ - x
'J\t%"
y
STRUTS
41 1
129 I.. 99 88 0 374 331 287 242 219 195 172
'"
•z 0 569 "0 '50 389 327 295
10
264 12
353 312 271 228 206 I ..
344 304 263 m 200
139
157 135 '"
~
10 550 493 435 376 316 285 254 14 '"
333 294 255 21. 193 173 152 131
,•
0
<
IS 527 472 416 359 302 272 243 16 321 283 245 206 186 I .. I.. I,.
20 495 443 390 336 282 254 227 18 307 270 234 196 177 158 138 119
~
,•25 '53 '05 356 307 257 232 207 20 291 256 221 186 I,. 149 131 113
,•30 402 359 315 271 226 182 22 273 241 208 17' 157 140 122 105
.
z 204
>,
>
34 354 316 276 237 I ..
35 341 304 266 228 191
178
172
2~ 24
,. 254 223
234 205
1~~
161 145 129 113 97
'"
147 132 11. 103
•X
4
--- -- --
'0 298 266 234 200 167
'"
'"
13. 27 223 195 I.. 140 I,. 113 99 85
--
45 263 235 206 177 147 133 118 30 200 176 152 127 I., .9 77
.."
50 233 208 182 I,. 130 m 104 34 176 15. 133 111 100 "' ••78 67
161 138 115 103 38 154 135 116 97 87 78 58
55 206
'"
56 201 179 157 135 112 "
100 90 42 136 120 85 77
57 196 175 153 131 43 '" 60
132 116 99 83 74 66 58 ,2"-
58 192 171 149 128 ~I~I.E 128 112
~ 80 72 1~ -I
I .. 1 "45 12.
It" - 1- 1
"
Load. below horizontal dashed lin •• are for l~ Ill'Uter than 120•• tld appl only to braclnll
k
and MCondary mlmb.rs. Fo r main mambe ra t ,y mutt be redueed (..... I. . C. Spe<:. Sect.
16 (b») ; .... Eumple 2 on paoe 210.
DOUBLE-ANGLE
STRUTS x~x
II A LLOWABLE CONCENTRIC
LOADS IN KIPS
'"-
y
lH 97 84 71 57
10< 92 80 67 54
1()( 88 76 63 51
~82715948
8{ 75 65 54 44
71 67 58 48 39
" 63 54 45 _~.
-~r~·I-r,·:-i~-
5.: 17 40 33 27
:
4f 42 36 30 24
4~ 37 32 27 21
3! 34 129 24 "
31 132
xiFx
+%" y
DOUBLE-ANGLE
STRUTS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC
LOADS IN KIPS
,r
'u
.~'~ 91
1.431.4 1.41 IA.1.3l~ 1 ."
931 .~,. .76 .n
1.241 .'211.20 1.19 1.1
.7
~ro
.61 .62
1. 1.00 .99 .98
.63
.97
'"
Wt.2 1!. 18.816. '4.4 '2. 9.8 7.4
n._
Aroa'2 11 5. 4.8614.22 3.5612.881'2.1
SOt.
~
3"
~
15.411.810.( 8.2 6.1
4. 3.4612.94 2.38 1.8<
2}i II 2}i ;7
,•
li
93 83 "
I~
7.
60
48 36
l\
49 37
= -
76
74
50
57 49
31
39 30 44
39 32
37 31
24
23
"
'6
'6
" 81
86 n 66 56 45 34" 3 3 35
4 71 55 47 38
" 41
"" '5
,.
5 82 72 63 53 43 33 4 67 52 44 36 27 4 37 32 26 20 14
5
--- "
6 31 5 6' 48 41 33 25 32 28 23
X
•
X 7
76
70
68
63 54 " 50
46
41
38 28 6 56 43 37 30 23 6 27 23 19
'8
'5
--
• , -~r- ",.
,.
7 48 38 33 7 13 8.7
8 63 56 49 42 34 26
- --- 20'8-
26 23
,. -~r
X
,. -
8 42 8 20 7.5
4 55
--
50
_.49- 43
45 39
- 37
33
-27-- -20-
30 23
9 37
23
20 '6 9 17 15 12 6.
18 14 13 11 8.3; 5.7
•~ " 41 37 32 27
" 17 33 26
23 20 '6
"
"
" " ,.""
14 34 30 26 23 '8 14
"~ 13 26 20 '8 14
'5 31 27 24
" 17
13 I
""
•z ,• 93 83 72 60 49 37
~
93 82 71 60 49 37
,• " 76 50 31
'" ,
0 46 39 32
45 39 31
24 '6
..
0 4 91 80 6' 58 47 36 76 58 49 40 30 24 '6
• 6 87 76 66 56 45 34 4 73 56 48 39 29 4 43 37 30 23 15
•"f •
,, ,
8 82 72 6' 5'
78 S, 60 50
42 32
40 30
S
7
6' 53 36 27
66 51 43 35 26
42
S 40
35
33
29
27 "
20
'5
14
>• •z '0
,
,.,
75 66 57 48 38 29 8 63 48 41 33 25 7 37 31 25 19 13
>
•x ""
71 6' 54 45 36 27 60 45 39 30 23
,.
, 8 35
32 "
26
23 17 '2
,.
"19-- -14- -'.3_.
S7 68 50 42 34 25 56 42 36
"" '6
. '" --20
31 23 33 28 23
4 13
--- -- "
6' 54 47 39 -- 52 39
---
27
--
14 57 50 43 36
-- -- -- " "13
28
---- --
47 35 24 18
29
" "
26 17
,S
13 8.
7.
'5
'S
53 34
50 43 37 32
27 20
'5 '8 14
43
40
32
30
27
'S
20 '5
25 " ""
13
23 19
17 14 "" 7.'
23 20 'S 13 9.7 S.
'8
20
44 38 33 28
39 34 29 '5 "" 'S
14
'5
17
37
32
28
24
'8 14
20 '6
"
14
'5 '8 15
" 8. 5.
8. 5.4
22
23
34 30 26
33 28 24 20 " 17
,S ~
19
20
28
26 " '8 14 '0
20 '6
'S
17
'6
15
14
" I
Lo.d, b,low horbonul duhed U,," .... lor '~r g .... atu than 120. and appl,. only to b.."lnll
lind teCondary m.mbe .... For main mlmb, .. t ,y mU lt b" .... duced {A. I. S. C. Spec. Sect.
11 (b) ) : ... E.ump le 2 on P'II' 210 .
DOUBLE-ANGLE
I
x-=F-x
lr STRUTS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC
LOADS IN KIPS
~%"
y
2.8412'~12'~1~.902.912.g:;
~
.491 2'5 1 12'53 2.54 2.5612.57
~
r"" '52 2.53 2.5512.57 2.59i2.6()
ryy 1.5~1'.5~'.001.471.i61.4 .62,2.00 2.48 2.16 2.+4 2.~ 1.611.581.551.531.511 .49
wt. 2 I,!. 81.6i'2.2162.652.647.642. 88.'178.2167.657.046.°1"" 4.866.257.4 48.439.2 34.4
Area 2 I! 24.00121.221 11.38 'Uti 14.00 12.I5C 28.00 22.. lUll 11.72 l UG 11 . . 22.00 , .... 11.88114.tt 11.110 10.1
Size 9x4 8x6 8x4
3
2 1 17 151 129 106 95-9:
241 128109 89 80 71 1 150 131 ~2 93
251 , 121103 2145- -
1'56
136 116 96 2!~ 143 123 104 86 68~
135117 99 8 1 65
128111-1- -
Lo;och below horizont.a l duh.d lin .. ere10r 1/' llreater than 120, Ind Ipply only to braelnll
Ind &Kond a.y m.mb ..... For main m.mb .... th.y mu.t b..... duced (A. I. S. C. S~. Sect.
HI (b » ; 1M Enmpl.:z on PIli' 210.
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE OF $TEE; I. C ONSTRUCTION
239
DOUBLE-ANGLE
x=r.:= x T
v
STRUTS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRI C
LOADS IN KIPS
'.. '.001'.
rY'J . •
I ''>l
1.0< 1.01
t .'" ' .'"
AMERICAN I OF STEEL
240
lr
DOUBLE-ANGLE
STRUTS
X-T- X T
.
'l'l3 'T~
' 2.20 2.2212.2412.24 2.25 2.26 2.2'; 1.86 191 1.92 1.93 1.9
1.54 1.621.591.58 1.57 1551" 1.71 1.69 1.661.66 1.65 1.63 16 1.401.39 138
'"
Wt.2 1!. 60.4 52.4 44.240.0 35.8 31.627. 54.4 47. 40.036. 32.4 28.6 24. 30.623.4 19.6
Area 2 I! 17.72 150381 12.16, 11.74 10.511 9.24 7.•
Siza 7 , 4
lUI 13.88 II. lo.6t uo aM
6<4
,."
6 x
'.00 I ....
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li J.i 1<0 li Ji
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0 301 262 220 200 178 157 13 0 271 236 199 1iii 161 142 12' 0 153 116 98
8 285 248 209 189 169 149 121 8 251 218 168 150 132 11 8 142 108 91
,..,
10 276 240 202 183 164 144 12 10 239 209 177'" 160 143 126 "l! 10 136 104 87
12 230 1~ 176 158 13' 12( 12 225 196 167 151 135 119 10 12 128 9882
14 251 219 185 167
16 236 206 174 157
18 218 191 162 146
150
141
132
132 114
125 101
116 11)(
14
16
18
208
'"155
189 166 141
167 147 126
141
128
114
126 111
115 102
103 91
:
7
14
16
18
119 91 77
109 84 70
98 75 63
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20 199 174 148 134
22 177 156 133 120
121
108
107
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96 _!'!
19
20
157 138 117
149 131 112
-- -- -- ---77
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96 _.85
91 81
19
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91 70 _5~_
87 66 56
24 163 143 122 110 99 87 7 136 102 93 83 73 64 22 79 61 51
<
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22
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30 128 112 96 87
84
78
75
69 :26
28
112 99 85
102 90 n
n
70
69 61
63 56 ,50 26
28
66 51 42
60 39
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,"> 33 114 100 85 n
36 2!!.' 89 76 69
69
62
61
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55 48 31
93 82 70
..E 79 67
64
61
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55 49
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4
30
32
55 42 36
50 39 33
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37 86 73 66 60 53 4 32 47 41
l- •>e
, 0 301 262 220 200 178 157 13 0 271 236 199 180 161 142 12 0 153 116 98
•~, 6 285 247 207 188 168 148 12 6 258 224 189 171 153 134 11 4 148 112 ~
•,, 272 235 197 17 159 140 121 8 247 214 180 163 128 11 6 141 107 90
8
10 255 221 185 167 149 131 11 10 233 202 170 154
''''
137 12( 104 8 133 100 84
>, 12 235 203 169 153 136 119 10: 12 216 187 156 141 126 11 9 10 121 91 76
> 14 211 181 IS( 135 120 105 9( 14 197 169 141 127 114 12 107 80 67
99 "
•x 198 169 2~ 125 111 16 174 149 123 110 99 74 62
15
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99 86 7 13
---
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97
< 16 183 157 129 116 103 89 17 161
--- ------ --
138 115 104 92 6 14
---
91 68 57
---
19
22
154 132 108
131 112 92
98 87
83 73
76
54 ~
18 152
21 130
131 109 98
112 93 84 " : 76
74 54
16
18
79 60 50
70 5344
25 111 95 78 7 6 54 ~ 24 112 96 79 71 54 55 4 20 62 38
26 106 91 ~
1- I ~
67 27 96 82 68 61 54 471~ 22 54 41 34 '"
27 101 86 28 91 78 I I 23 51 38 32
Load. below horizontal dashed lines are for 11"lIreater than 120. and appJ only to bracing
and MCondary members , For main members they mU l t be reducld (A. L . C. Spec. Sect.
16 (b» ; ue Example 2 on ~/le 210.
k
AMERICAN I NSTITUTE OF S TE El.. CON ST RU CT I O N
F -
24 1
v DOUBLE-ANGLE
x=y=x
v
1
"
STRUTS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC
-,r
LOADS IN K IPS
.'"
' 1.07
'~"0
3.51 3.493.47 3.46
1.1 1 1.11 11.12 1.13
3.42
1.11 1.121.13 1.1 1.15 1. 16
2.97 2.952.92 2.91 2.9l882."
1
11.11 .97 .99 I..
2.97 2,95 2.91
Area2 Ii 17.72 1
Size
3Ar43
Wt.2 l!. 60.4 52.4 44.2 40.0 35.831.6 27.2
12.18 n.l~ 10.50 L24 1.$6
7, 4
54.4 47.240.0 36. 32.4 28.Y4.6
15.111 1l.88 11.12
6,4
." 2 1.50 8.311 U ...
30.6 23.4 19.
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0 200 178 157 135 0 271 236 199 142123 0 163 11 698
171 163 135 117 4 14 108
4
284 24 7 208
262 229 193
6
169 169 149
175 157 139
128
120
4
6
257
239
224189
208 176 160 143 127 109 6 129 9983 "
232 204 172
8 156 140 124 107 8 213 167 168 144 129 114 99 8 110 8672
X, 133 119 106 92 10 161 159 135 123 111 99 86 9 99 n65
193 171 146
10 -- -6857
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11
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-- - - - ---- --- -
162
148
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130 111
. 111 101
101
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78 10 88
73 5748
-- -
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12
135 11 9 101
14
109 97 86
92 83 74
75 12
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69 61
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17
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-
81 69 64 68 51 45
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16 74 68 61 54 47 19 59 54 48 42 0 153 '16 98
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271 236 199 180 161 142 123 12 143 108
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295
262 220
256 21 5
200 178 157 135
195 175 154 132
0
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"j 12 287 249209 190 170 149 128 12 253 220 186 168 150 132 114 16 135103 86
0 16 276 23, 201 162 163 143 123 15 243 211 178 161 144 126 109 16 130 9982
w 16 230 200 168 152 136 119 103 20 125 9179
20 261 226 190 In 154 135 116
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142
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32 198 171 143 129 115 101
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- -- - -- -- -- ---8028
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- -- - --
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--- " 75 28
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69 30
97
- -- -- --
93 70 68
89 67 56
73 61
DOUBLE-ANGLE I
X-=y=-X
T STRUTS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTR IC
LOADS IN KIPS
+""
y
'u
'"
1.50 1.~'~ I." I."
1." 1.'
1.54 1.51 1.49 1.47
Wt. 2 I!. 39. 33. 'Z1.2 " .0 20.8 17.4
1.61
11.'
1.25 1.23 1.22
25.6 19. 16.4
1.2211~
1.60 1.
1.26
1.5 1.56 1.55 1."
29.4 23.821.2 18. 15.4 12.-4
l.i
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....
Area 2 k 11.6 9.84 8.00 7.06 6.1 ' .1
!5x3 ~
7. 5.7?4.&
. , 3
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8.60 7.00 6.18 5..34
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192 163 132 116
18.5 157 128 113
104 87 0
101 8.5 2
98 82
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127
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97
96
95
81
81
79
0
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119 105 76
2 14. ,118 104 90 76
101 87 73
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n 6 132 107 94 82 69
'* 61
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.
8 176 149 122 108 93 78 6 120 92
164 139 II. 100 87 73 8 87 73 8 120 98 87 76 64
10
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63 12 88 n 64 56 48
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87
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6 138 112 8.5 .. 7. 60
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DOUBLE-ANGLE
T STRUTS
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC
LOADS I N KIPS
•x
<
9
10
--
129
114
110 92 81
--
97 81 72
--
70 59
63 53
--52 --44
10
12
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10 90 74 66 ~_
12 741-~,-
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16 67 57 48 42 37 31 17 49 40 36 31 27 '22
1- ~!• ~1-+-+-+-+":.r=I
17 34 29
DOUBLE-ANGLE T
STRUTS
x~x
ALLOWABLE CONCENTRIC
+~"
y
LOADS IN KIPS
*
Sile 4,3
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;:;;'=I=%
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1
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---- -----
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< 14 70 58 52
----- --
45 38 31
11
12 54 47 42 36 29 12 50 45 39 33 27
16 61 51 45 39 33 27 14 46 41 36 30 25 14 43 38 33 28 23
18 53 44 39 34 29 23 16 39 34 30 26 21 16 36 32 28 24 20
~ 20 46 38 34 30 25 21 17 I~ 32 28 24 19 17 33 30 26 22 18
1_ ! ~~~__~~__~2~34-1~9~~18~__~~!+~~
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%
Load. below horJ%onUI duhed linn are for I/r \lreater than 120. and apply only to bracing
and aKondary m.mbe .... For main membe ... they mu.t be ~u«d (.... I. S. C. Spec:. Sect.
te (b » ; ... Example 2 on p.g, 210.
DOUBLE-ANGLE
-,r
y
I
STRUTS
x9Fx
+%"
y
ALLOW ABLE CONC ENTRI C
LO ADS IN K IPS
1.
1" .~ .888~ .~191 7~ ]7~
'0 .85 89 .7'
1.99 1.961.95 1.94 1.93 1.!r- 1.701.68 1.67 1.561.6!: 1.76 1.751.741.731.7
.741
'r>
WL 2 l! 27.2 22. 19.6 17. 14.411. 20.418. 15.813. 10.~ 18.8 16. 14.412. 9.8
Area 2 l!. 7.96 6.505.74 4.964.1B,3.ll: 6.00 5.30,4. 3.86 3.1~ 5.50 4.8614. 3.56 2.88
Size 4,3 3Y,i l( 3 3~ l( 2}i
Th ick".,..
• "'
fi
102 90 78 66
%
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53 0
fi
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93 82 72 60 49
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9 7 62 56 49 41 34
--- -- 8 6760 53 44 36
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7
8
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50
33 27
-- --- ---
44
38
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--
37 31 10 53 47 42 35 29
--- --- 10 38 34 30 26 21
12 55 46 41 36 31 25 12 43 39 34 29 23 11 33 ~ 26 23 19
14 4 3734 30 25 21 14 36 32 28 24 19 12 23 20 17
15 19 15 26 22 17
~
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!
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6 89 78
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8
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90 78 66 53
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8 9382 71 59
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68 58 46
66 55 45
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14 107 87 76 66 56 45 14 74 65 66 46 37 14 69 61 53 44 35
>, ,• 16 99 80 70 61 51 41 16 65 57 49 41
---
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- ~ 52 45 38 30 17 58 51 44 37 29
--- -- --- --
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20 7
68
64
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18 5750 42 35
20 51 45 39 32
28
25
18
20
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49 43 37 30 24
22 72 5851 44 37 30 22 4640 35 28 23 22 44 39 34 27 22
2. 66 53 47 40 34 27 24 4 36 31 25 20 24 40 35 3. 25 20
26 61 49 43 37 31 25 26 3833 28 23 18 26 36 32 27 22 18
27 26 31 34 30 26 21
28 66 44 39 34 28 23
1 :~ 27
1-'-'
30 51 41 36 31 26 21 28 33 28 24 20
32 47 37 33 28 23 19
- -
~
33
.
Load, below horizontal d.shed nng are for fi r g ..... t •• tha n 120. and .p pl, 0 ,. 1)' to bracI ng
and aeeond'r)' m .mb ..... Fo r main me mb ... they mUll be reduced (A. I. . C. Spec. Stet.
18 (b»: .... Example 2 on page 210.
X-T-X
DOUBLE-ANGLE
T
lr STRUTS
'0 .91 .92 .93 .94 ... .92 .93 .94 .95 .96 .9 .n .78 .78 .79
',.,
Wt.2 1!
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1M 13.6 11.8 10.0 8.2 6.1
." .96 .95 .94
10.6 9.0 7.2
.92
5.
Area 2 l!. 5.00 4.42 3.84 3.24 2.62 4.50 4.00 3.... 2.94 2.38 1.s( 3. 10 2.62 2.1 1.6
Si•• 3x2h; "2 2J.i x 2
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.
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16 36 32 '0 23 18 13 32 28 24 20 16 12 14 21 17 14 10
18 19
31 28 24
I~ 14 30 25 22 18 14 11 15 19 16 13 9
19 29 26 22 18 15 27 23 20 16 16 17
Load, below ho~lzDnhl duhod lin ...... for /lr g .... t.r than 120, lind .ppl~ on ly to brlclng
and _o nd el")' ""mben. For main m.mb .... they mUit ba ... ducad (A. L . C. Spec. Sect.
IS (b) ) ; ••• Example 2 on pale 210.
DOUBLE-ANGLE
T
x~x
y
STRUTS
'a .72 .73 .7' .7' .7 .55 .55 .56 .57 .57 .S< .58 .58 .59 -.6C
I.' 1.57 1.56 1." 1.53 1.52 1.51
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1.50 1.49 1.18
17.0 15.2 13.2
1.'16
11.2 9. 15.4 13.6 11.8 10.0 8.2 ,., 1.27 1.26 1.25 1.24
10.6 9.0 7.2 5.
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.
Area 2 l!. 5.00 4.42 3.84 3.24 2.' 3.10 2.62 2.12 1.",
,," 3 x 2~
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l4 l!.
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30 23
,•z
.
42
>
•
'3 59 52 45 37 30 '3 55 48 35 28 2'
" -- 3'-- 25--
36 19
•
<
14
15
16
55
50
---
47
48
f-:-
41
-
41
--
44 38 32
36
34
30
27
25
2. '6
14
15
52
48
44
45
3'
39 33
-:2-
0:332- 28
26
2'
23
20 '2
18 '3
17 14
30
33
28
28
25
2.
22
20
19
17
15
14
17 44 3' 34 28 22 17 .2 37 31 27 21 '6 15 26 22 18 13
18 '2 37 3' 26 2' 18 '0 35 30 25 20 15 16 25 2' 16 '3
20 37 32 28 23 19 20 35 3' 27 22 18 '3 17 23 19 15 '2
32 2. 16 18
22 33 29 25 2' 17 22
2.
28
25
20
18
' 2 '8 2' 14
"' 0
2.
25
30
I~
26 22 18 15
25
28
27 23
2'
20 17
14
'3 "' 0 19
20
20
19
17
16
'3
'3 9
26 25 22 2' 18 15
Load. below horl:r.ontll dnhed lin " ..... for 't:
IIruter than 120. a nd allPI! on ly to br.~ln li
an d ncondary m e mbe ... For main mamb,,.. t ,y mu.t be reduGltd CA. t. . C. SPK. Sect.
16 (b»; ... E..ample 2 on ~II' 210.
AMe:AIC ... N IN ST I TUT E 01'" S T EEL C ONST RUCTION
24'
COLUMNS
'N K,PS
Fo r Dlm, nalo,... an d OHI"nl no Propert ies of Pipe ... Pa ".13I1.
..
, "
Unl.......,
,~
3'.20 I
• I ~ 14.62
5 . '
1'0.79
""" ~
~~
9. ~
6 246 217 200 '69 '54 '40 121 92 70 50 42
•
10
244
243
216
214
199
196
16.
166
153
151
138
136
120 90
86
68
64 " 38
"'
I-i-It
240 212 194 164 149 133 115
12
14
16
237
234
210
207
190
187
161
15.
147
144
129
125
11 2
109
B2
79 "
56
51
IB
16
UL 1-
IB 231 204 182 154 141 121 105 26 19 13
20 227 200 178 151 137 115 100 23 17
22 222 196 172 146 133 109 95 21 15
....
Unbr..,..;l
''M'' I. 5 3
•8
10
65."
325
323
320
54.74
271
268
265
43.39
213
210
".57
139
135
131
20.78
99
96
91
14.98
70
.5
.
12.51
53
10.25
i~
206 60
12 261 201 125
~
317 54
14 313 257 198 11 9 47 24
;i~
16 309 252 1B9 112 21
~ F.
24. 1B2
'~
IB 304 IB
20
22
"
299
293
296
239
232
'"
173
164
155
"
h
.. "25
Un.br_J
l _11I
• •
,
5
..• ,,'~.
3M 3
'M' . 72.42 53.15 38.55 27.54 22.85 lB."
•• 355
350
257
249
183
175
130 103
10
12
343
334
240
22.
165 "'
'~ I~
14
I.
IB
20
22
24
26
324
312
299
2B4
269
250
230
L--i-
m
213
+ 88
80
72
f~
54
47
43
38
34
:~~,~~;if,i~~:~··'~m~:::~~:
, . ; ~ .".J~ "a. •• ::;~:it~;~~:j·:;!,,::;~J~:t···,,·,,,,,·
• , .. .
0,.. S T EE L
•
24.
I+--- . ~ COLUMN
I
BASE PLATES
DIMENSIONS FOR OJ
f MAXIMUM COLUMN LOADS
A LLOWABLE BEN DIN G S T RESS
20000 PO UN DS "ER SQUARE INC H
..., •...
Column
Unit Preuur. <HI ~ Unit Pr ........ on S~
600 Povndl per Sq, n. 800 Pou"'" 1* SQ. n.
...
M:ui-
..., • - - -
mom Dime ..... Thick_of
• • .....
Thicknuo 01 Dlmen-I
Q,-
"'..
Weight Otplh w .~ ""o~ PlI 'e PlI'1 al_ Grou
Nominal
ro'... ""- Fla. Fin. C
we
Co'" FIn. C
w,.
---
". ". ---". ". ,". ". I1;;;-- ". ". ". -.;;:-
... . "" .... ~
C>. ,,~ C>. In. Lb.
--- ---
H alS
'" 18.611 16.69$ 2113 ...."" ' H ,'H SO ..$, ." ,
..." ."" ....""
'" 1'.3'
"" 17.114
16.*
,.,.
II.US
1073
1.25
'"
, . .. .""",". .... 'H 'H
' H 'H
... .•• "" .m
'" 11.56 16.365
"" ...."" 'OKH 'H• " " .... ••
5.43 'K
'"
'"
16.50
16.:211
16.m
15.!M5 1'219 ..'" 'K ••
4.90 'K 'H
'j{ .... .... """" ......" ." • "" "" """"
'"
m
16. '2 IS.gIO 1174 4.81
'"
'"
15.17
15.15
""
15.m ,,..
".,
15.100 .... 'K • ""
"'"
""
"" • •. 01
• ""
'K 'H
" ,""
"
..
'"
'"
".
15.63
15.50
'5 . •
15.750
15.110
15.660
",m
."'"
•• 10 'K 'H
"'"
''''
,.
3.87
'
U,
"
• • "
• • "
• • " ",
.
"
..
...
" ,""
.'"
,'"
15.~
15.12
15.640
15.600
'"
'"
,... •• •• "" "
3.95
.. ,""... ,."
1673 ,." 'H 'H "
'H 'H
" " ""
''''
...
'"
,,,
15.00
14.88
15.560
15.51e
'"
'"
"" •• •• " "
"" • • "
,."
.. ,""... ,,......
3.19 'H 'J<
'H 'J<
" "
" " '" ...
14.7e 15 •.500
"" " " '" 'J<
""
Plat.. 4Incha. thick. Or und'r may b, n.tttn.-d b y p ..... , n'. For plate. mort thi n 41nc h H
1 t\1ck. rollilld thickness Includ" a llow.nce for pl.nln, top auriace. Additlon.1 .lIowanct mu.t
b, m .dt for fln,.hl:r bottom .uriace 0 1 ba.. plaua to bt .. t on ,rill., ". Structura'drawln, 1
Ihould Ihow flnllh thlckn..... M ill ord,", .hould .peel'y roll.-d thickn ....
... bo .... b .., platt .iul comput.-d by method IIlven on pallt 129.
A M ER ICA N IN STIT U T E: OF STEEL CON S T RUCT I ON
250
COLUMN -.~
~
BASE PLATES
DIMENSIONS FOR
MAXIMUM COLUMN LOADS
ALLOWABLE BENDIN G STRESS
I f
20000 POUNDS PER SQUARE INC H
,.. CO.
Column Flange
,.. ...
---
--~
--~
,.. ,..
--
Kill'
--~
Calc. Fin .
-~
-~
-~
,.. ,.. ,..
--
C
CO•
,
,.. ...
Fin.
, »
.
... . ,..
C
CO.
14.14j.i
'" 14.75
'" '.m '"
14.740
'.W> ,
2.8'
, " ...".
" " ... ,... ,
" " ""
,'"'"
14.62
'" 14.690
, , " "
,... '"
..
14.50
'" 14.650
, 2.61
, " " '"
'"
,m
14.31
14.25 ,... ,
14.620
14 .675
,
~.
,
,
" " '"
" " ...
'" '"
2.31
'" " "
" " ...'"
" 14.12 14.6045
'" ,
2.45
, " " '"
,
2.12
'", " " '"
" " '" .." '"
.
14.00 I•• MID
" '" 2.1!i
" "
,.. ,." '" " " ... .... ,'"
m
14.12 14.18
'"
12.023
'" 2. 12
'", " " '"
m
" 14.06 12.000 2. '5
'" '" " " , '" "
" " ." .... ,
,
14.10
." 14.19 IO.an
'" ,." '"
2.40
'"
,'" " " '" .... ,
, " " '"
.." ,,'"
10.(0) 1.81
1•• 06
'" , " " '"
" 13.91 10.000
,'"
. , " " '" , , " " '"
." ,." , " " '" .. .." ,
..
,4. 8 lJ.~ 8.062
, , " '" '"
13.81
....
8 .031
'" . " " " '" , , " '" '"
" 13.68
..
1.42
'" ,'" .
" " '"' 1.21
" '" '"
'" "
'" ,... • 'K
,,,. ,,."
... • • " "
, 2.12 12.670
14.38
12.SJli
• " "" • • " " ''''
'" 13 . 88 ~
" " ""
'" ,." '" ... ,." ,,'"
13.38 3.15
'" " " "'" ,'" " "
12.3&5
'" ""
'" 13. ' 2 12.320
'"on ,... ',"
3.16
'", " " ". , " " '"
..
'" 1'1.88
1'2.75
12.230
12. 190 ..", 2.74 , ,
, ,
" " ,...
" " '", '" .
2.57
" "
'" "" ""
....
'",
." 12.62
1'l.!j()
12.156
12. 106 ...
,..
'-"
2 .41
,."
, , " " ...
" " ... ,... '"
'"2.45
2.12 '" " "
'" '"
" " ." ..., '"
.... '"'", ,'"'" ,'" " "
12.38 12.080
" 12.2li 12.040 2 .14 , ".'"
" 12.000 '" " " ,.., , , '" "
" 12.12
"" " " '" '" '" '"
Pl.t.. 4 lnchnthlck, Or under may ba natte,.ed by pr",'ng . Fo r pl.t.. mo ... than 4 In ch ••
thick, r olled t hick" ... Includ . . . ,Iowance for plan i ng t op .urflee. Addi tion . ' allowance m.u'
1M mad, fo r IInllhl": bottom . ,,"'ace of baH pl.t" to ba ..t on g rlll"gu. Structural d rawln,..
Ihou ld Ihow n" l, h, thick" .... Mill ord... Illouid IP«'lfy rolled thl ck n . . .
Above baH plata l iz.. comp uted by m"hod I h•• " On pa,1 129.
AME~leAN IN ST ITUTE OF STEEL. CON STRUCT I O,.,.
25 1
r--.~ COLUMN
~
BASE PLATES
I f
DIMENSIONS FOR
MAXIMUM COLUMN LOADS
AL.L.OWABLE BENDING STRESS
:lOOOO POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
Nomln ••
.
W<-
, ,..
CO,
.
,2 .10 12.19
12.06
10.014
10.000
'"
'" .... ,, ,, "." "" '"'" ......"
, , " " ."
, , ." "
12. II
.
" 12.19
12.011
a.on
•. 042 '"
"' .." ." . " •
.... ."
.. . ." ." .
.
" ."
"
'"
...,,
" 11.M ",,"
'"
, " '" • " '" 'K . " '"
lOa 10
."
.,.
11.38 'O •• I~ 3.15
." 'K " " '", ,," . ,• ,• . " .., '"
. 11.12
10.88
10. 345
lO .V5 ,," ,• •, "" "" ... ""
2.91
"
10.62
10.50
10. 1"
10.170
m
'" "., '" '" " " '" " .. '" '" " " '"
'" '" " " '"
".. 10.31 10.117
'" 2.21
'",'" '", "" "" '"'" ,," , ,'" " '"
'"
.."
10."
10.12
10. 075
10.028
'"
,.. .... , '", " " ... ..n
2,'1 1.17
, , " " ."'"
, , " "
". '" .."
.. , , " " ".'"
lG.ooo .."
.,,,,
...... , , " " ". .," ."." ." ." .."" ."
10., 10.12 m 1 .74
,'" '"
." "
, ". " ,.. '"
.. .,., '"
'" ' .1 17 ,.,. ,'" ,'" " '" ",.
...,"" ,, ,, ". "". '"... .,"
.." , , . "
." ." ." " ." '" .. ..
" .," "m ...'" '.077
."
.,"
."'K ."
... ." ." .." " ." "" ." . ." "
8.12
" .,,. 1.42
" ",,"
B • eJi
..
" .,"
,," '"
."
B,'"
.... "" ."." ."." . ." " . .. 1.1 8
.."" ."." " .. "
B,"
" " "
PIU. . . Inch .. thick, or under, may be llattenltd by p,...ln,. For plat.. m o", than 4 In ch ..
thick, rolled thlckn _ Indud.. allowanet for pl.nln, top .urf..... Addltlon.1 .lIow.nce muet
be mlde for "nl,hln, b ottom .Urf.CI of ba.. plat.. to b, let on Hrllla~... Structural drawln,'
ehould ehow "nlahltd thlckn .... Mill orele .. Ihould ep ... lfy ro ed t ickn ....
Abo", ba.. plate .Iz.. computed by method ,I",n on PI,1128.
AM.RICAN I NSTITUTr: 0,. STEEL CONSTRUCTION
252
m
STANDARD BEAM CONNECTIONS
! ; "A" SERIES
• • ALLOWABLE LOADS IN K I PS
..
RI ......
-.li..-.
Ri""ts
~c
,• ....'"
Oubtlnc!lng
Web '"lAlla Mu lmum Val""
..
H
.i
A'0 " • '"
~ ~ Bauil'lg
""" SechOll R
."••
<,
-
<.
-"
3!&
>.
••
<.
2L! 4x3t .. h
20
--
180.4
-
350 ,
I -thio;l<-
"-,
180.4 36 VoF <all weights) 180.4
,.
.,
'<
AO
r
c:o;
.<
,< 162.4 315 t 33 W (aU weights)
j~
'X
" 162.4 162.4
'x
i' 2L!·..a f"~
..!!
,.- 1 ,;"•
.<
-;
I.
.,...,
!~
•a
"'1 .~.
<~>
\1:10 . . .
~.~
AS .' l-t
2L! 4 .. a,,,"
144.3 280 , 144.3 30 \/IF (a ll weights) 144.3
~l c"
-: .. 0"
«~I·
: ,,-~
...
~:~z
~:
lOS:;; •
....H~=
.., .. -
11.1;8
A7 1IJ 14 126.3 2<51 126.3
.
27 'IF In to 102 126.3
120.0f
~U::
-'.
8.1:
:;~.E
100
l ......
-..coE
2L! 4><34-" fa:
110
24 W 160 10 120
'''''
.
_ .: c .. 108.2
107.1t
<"'!E 100
: ~§" 98.3 t
h.! Asfi] 7.
108.4t
.
.0:: 11: .. 0
12 108.2 210 t 108.2 84 98.6t
~.c ... 92.4t
<•
;
1;11
0< 2L! 4..at"n 2<1 120 to 90
79.'
"'!OMt
B.,
tThe val ..... tabulatftl for theee conr>ectioM have '-" ~uoed to tl'K:lK permitted by web burin£.
a .. p.g .. ' ao and 151 for weigh". of Standard Connection, and minimum IP'nt to whl .. 11 .pp1ic.abll.
m
STANDARD BEA M CONNECTIONS
"A" SERIES n
• •
ALLOWABLE LOADS I N KIPS
A
.,'.
Riwtlln
Out- Riwtl
ltandlng ;, M... jmum V.lue
t~ WebLegl
-eo" ,
... A' nJ I. ,
--
o.
••
,0
N.
- ,'"'"
--
Bearing
'"'" Section ","'00
.'
,a
••
••
••
ij
:21.!4 .. aj·h
90.2
-
175 t
t _ thick_ 90,2
of web
82
73
68
'2
87.3t
79.6t
75.31
70.0
65,4 87.5t
'.
00
'-'0 -- --
"'~x
'x 18W114tol05 72.2 16W71 68.0f
.,
E..,
.0
96
85
n
71.7t
72.2t
66.5f
S4
68
50
62.0f
57.0f
53.2f
.,.x
z,
~, A4 m 7.
S4
60
55
61.3t
56.4t
58.3f
54.6t
45
40
3,
48.4f
43.0t
41.9t
.-.H0
;~':r;
,~"
21!4 .. 3j"J 8 72.2 140 1 72.2
50
16W 96
5O.1t 18 I 70
72.2
54.7
15 I 50
72.2
64.4t
72.2
o
. '.
l!;i3.
• 88
78
70.6t
72.2t
42.9 57.4t
lOt" .. -- --
~ "' 0-;
:di ll e
U)LL"Q.'- 14W 38 32.9t 12 I 50 54.1
o,-o;-.;al!
uiili~
": ~<I.~
<-; .. ~
: -" 0
.. ,,,z ~
A3 ru 6 54.1 105 t 54.1 12W 36
31
34
3.
3O.2t
28.4t
32.0t
27.8t
40.8
35
31.8
48.31
44"1
36.8
~f;;0.
• ·E
17 23.9t
... I! 21! Ilk." •
••
,« f" E -- -- - - --
.z,••_. A
I@ . (
",Il~
..... "... 7 I 20 18.0 5 I 14.75 18.0
Hill; 15.3 17.5t 1. 13.7t
2 18.0 7. t 36.1·
0- 61 17.25 18.0
o • 21! 6" ... l 12.5 16.1t
••
'"1"he&e ""I...,. an! theo<"etical. "Oley cannot be attained by w~boI of any of the listed beams.
tThe v.alue. tabulated for thete connection. h.a.n been reduced to thole permilled by web beating or...,b
. hear, .. hict..ver govern•.
See p'Ots 150 and 151 for we lo hu of Stand.rd Co nn ecti o". and ml"imum s pano to which applica ble.
AM ERIC" N IN STITUTE OF" STEEL CONSTRUCTION
254
II
STANDARD BEAM CONNECTIONS
m••
H
" H" & "HH"
ALLOWABLE L..OAOS IN KIPS
Ri""ts In
SERIES
HH
• "•
T - -I
-
40 360.8 560 I 288.6 36 \IF (all weights)
I_thick_
0(
-
web
--
288.6
;!'!;.(
«
••
« 36 324.7 490 I 252.6 33 W 240 to 141 252.6
.
·••
""
, ,
"" ,.ll' ,'" 249.61
••
n
• •
$;.(
" -- - -- --
«
••
«
•• J,. 32 288." 420 I 216.5 3OW21OIo116 216.5
r
108 212.4t
~'j
""
' ,
•• .
n
••
~~
" -- - -- - --
«
IE
••
«
28 252.6 385 I 198.4 27 '/oF 17710 114 1'98.4
182.31
•• '02
94 171.41
':.I:'
, ,
""
"
n
••
~~
" - -- - - -
« 24 W 160 and 145 180.4
I]
•• 178.1 t
«
•• ''''
12<T 175.7 t
160.2 1
24 216.5 350 I 180.4 110
:'':J 100 146.ot
, ,
"" 94 162.9t
•• 84 147.2 t
n
I 7. 136.8,t
" Note for all Connections;
au
Where some of the ri vets in outstanding legs frame 0R]lOSite,
through a plate less than 31" thick, reduce above va ues for
outstanding legs by 1.09 nk, where n-number of rivets framing
trcpositeand k-numbero f sixteenths by which t is less than ~ ".
ote that value of rivets in web legs may still control. Above
fonnula for }i" rivets only.
tTI>e n Iua tabulated for the&e connectionl have been reduced to those permitted by web bearinl 0<" web
sbear. ",hiche~ r-erns. . ... .
Val...,. for" .. Connections have been om,HM ",here sheRr In nvelll on ouUotandonl Ie,," goVeml and. lhere-
fore permit the eame VBI "", as .• A" ConnectiOTUI tabulated on page 252.
SM 'palln 150 a nd 1 ~1 for wIIghu of Sundar<! Connectlonl and m Inimum span, to whIch applIcable.
A MERI CAN IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
255
RIVETS %"
II
STANDARD BEAM CONNECTIONS
" H" & " HH " SERIES
ALLOWABLE LOAOS IN K I PS rnrn
HH H
Rivet. in
Quhl.ln(li"ll Leo- Aive'. in
Web lltOl
H HH
fNc·C·rc"CC_I.c
' Nc·t'''
c''
=C.lc''
c·C'''
;~ I-,
SM ==C·C"'-__-i __H'-~.CHCHC-
C=·''._____'''
21 W 142 and 125 144.3
112 143.9t
96 144.3
H5 .:2L! 6 .. 4~r. 10 90.2 20 180.4 280 t 144.3 82 90.2 135.3t
~ , ..'IIi<;k· 73 90.2 125.6 t
~
90.2
90.2
118 I t
109.2t
,;
;; laW114 142,9t
1
]
105
96
85
72.2
72.2
131.9t
12O.9t
125.3t
• 77 72.2 112.1 t
•
z
!
70
64
50
55
12.2
72.2
72.2
12.2
102.5t
93.6t
98.1t
91. 9 1
•I H4 .2L! Ox4 ••
8 72.2 16144.3 280 t 144.3 16W 96
88
50 72.2
113.5t
72.2 105.9 t
83.8
1-- ---1-- - I - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 - - - - -
14W 38 54.1 57.5t
34 52.2t 52.21
30 48.6t 48.6
6 54.1 12 108.2 210 t 108.2-
12W 36 48.51
H3·2L! 1I,,4 . t 31 41.6
HH3 ·2L! O.O. ! 27 31.3t
I
" H " and "HH" Connections are not treated as standard by all fabricators. When
so treated, the web rivets must be retained in number and position as shown in these
sketches. Those fabricators who treat any connection heaVler than the "A" Series as
special, detail both field and shop rivets acoording to the general principles given on
page 260. Whereas some fabricators fabricate •. A" Connections by Symbol without
detail drawings, " H ", "HH ", and special connections must always be detailed for all
fabricators.
"TI>;' v::.tue I. t~liall. I t cannot be attained by lhe web. of any of t.hIe listed beamll.
tTbe wlu.. tabulated for ~ o:>nnections have bH:n 1"IldU<:ed to thoee permitted by _b bearinr (I(" wt'b
shear, whiehe""r goveme.
Values fot" n·· c.a.nr-t;.,n. ha'·e bH:n omitted who:.e.hear in riveb in OUU \.:Indina leKS (IOVernl and. there-
fOfl! • .,...mit the ... me VlIl ues al .. A·· Connectionl labulat.ed on p:!~ 253.
See paga. 150 and 151 forwalllhb of Standard Connections a nd min i mum .pans to which appli~bl ••
AM£RICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
25.
R IVETS ~ " H O LES I~"
m
STANDARD BEAM CONNECTIONS
"S" SERIES
I I A L.LOWAB LE LOA D S IN K' PS
.. ~:::. R,_
,~
!!
l~
,. B 10
"11"
I ,.
""" ".''''
'"
...
Wab l.egI
,
Multn_ V~ ..
""""
,
J~
-
20 132.5 300 1 132.5 36 W <aU weights) 132.5
- J
.-,'.a,
I_ thkk·
• ""'
.--;,..., ~
«
..
:~
:i~
E,
).
B •
" ·r 18 119.3 270 1 119.3 33 \IF (aU weights) 119.3
~!l
-'1',
! :i3
'·"·h,
'.
".
;~~
:'"feN
o. BB I' It" t6 , 106.0 240 1 106.0 30 \IF (aU weights) 106.0
: ~Ii
~i~ •
..... 0::-
"0_ ,,
,.
'3 :.~
,•• ·.1· . .
.
11)11.._ 0
,
1m
~"Ii"""
"
-:.!&:
!C::o - ..
,...,",,0
e.l!;Z B
.-.
- .... !
ct" .
.g~i~
t4 92.' 210 t 92.' Z7 W (all weights) 92.'
Wi
8 ... 0
....
::;.~!
ern
-;:;1i E
cl! .. d!
',-
iDi 8 e 24 W 160 to 84 79.5
.
: ..OJ- B 12 79.5 180 1 79.5 76 79.2t
I"i.~
.'
... • -1/.
24 I (aU weights) 79.5
"
••
tii 21: 4"at"r.
••
tThc- val .... tabulatM (or t helle connectionl have been ~uced to ttx.e pmnjtttd by _b ~nl.
au "a" .. 1 i2 and 153 for W,l ghU of Sta nd a rd Con n.ctlona a nd mi nImum 'pa n. to which '"pllcab l•.
m
STANDARD BEAM CONNECTIONS
" B" SERIES
ALLOWABLE LOA D S IN K' PS
B
W.-In
IM- Riwta
.'..-
t; '"
.... .... . """
~andino
......
M.... ionum V.I ....
......
onJ '''' W.. " "
N. , R R
F.~
;.
••
D•
B
""'
".3 66
62
Gut
6O.0t
~f
"0<
«
••
0" 18W" 114 10 77 53.0
li ~ 70 52.6t
•• 449.9
SAl
64
....
"".
·m
60
.'••
..!l.o
B
8 53.0 120 1 53.0
55
50 43.0t 181 (aU weights) 53.0
i~ 16W" 96
58
to 64 53.0
48.8t
15 I 50
42.9
53.0
49.21
!!~
<. 2U h8",. 50 45.6t
~t
"~l:i
"·",N
.. 45
40
41.5t
36.81
~ ~o.
~ r-a
.,' 36 35.91
~t'tE
"~~li
fj, .,
6t~~
.......
• <<
r~:!
-.
3m
~c: "'~~~
'' :lO
, ..... 0
t·"'%
.
B
2U 4 .. Sr"t
6 39.8 901 00.•
14
12
w: 38
w: 36
34
30
31
27
2a2t
25.81
24.31 121 !SO and 40.8 39.•
27.5f
23.81
21.6,
35
31.8 31.5 38"1
11-,, ":
".
~ 5 ~ ,;
... !:::
"'l
'" Sll"
<,
~7' '' 0
Ii.!!!
Q.
B .iL} 4 26.5 120 1 53.0
10W(aU wts.) 26.5 10 I(35and25.4) 26.5
• W'2O 26.21 81(23.0 &. 1M) 26.5
17 23.9t
.. :;ii E 2 L! e><4 ...
"I: ~
. ~:t.;
= .. .. e
: io.:I
0"1""
:0< •..
.".
.,
«
B I~ 2 13.3 601 26.5
71(20and 15.3) 13.3
161(17.2512.5)
,,"
5 I 14.75
I.
13.3
12.6
11:
.0 !ill! B .. 4 ~t 13.3
fTho: VIII ... tabubttd for u- ~ ha~ '-n ndUClled lO u.o.e perm!tttd by wdl ~ or -.to
.MaT• • bicbe.~ JOVCmL
$e. pall" 152 and 1sa for _11It>ta of Standard Con nectlon. an d mi n imum .pan. to wt>let> appUcabl •.
K KK
••
..,.. ""
~~
R....u l" M .. i......... V......
W.bl8p
,.
XX
XX
X XX
••
~'j 2'01
N• 1N.
I ...• ""- I ..... ""00 X XX
, ,
NN
••
--
•••
~
)
I" 265.1 I;;: 218.1 36 YF (aU weights) 1212.1
.. ffirT
~$
,.
XX
xx
•• .,. 1 ,
I" 238.6 VIF (aU 85.6
..•
':J':J
,,
NN
••
I ,',
~j
,) I" 212.1 360 t 1 ''''.' :to W (all ; 1159.•
'j'j
.N
,,
NN
~
Where BOrne of the rivets in outstanding legs frame~po&ite.
through a plate leu than u.n thick, reduce above ues for
outstanding legs by 0.9-1 nk , where n - number of rivets framing
~positeand k - number of sixteenths by which t is less than u.,...
ote that value of rivets in v;eb Jep may still control. Above
== formula for ~ " rivets only.
..
.'~.':r.;,
", " '"
~
AMERICAN
I
~
• lind . I
INSTITUTE 0 ,. STEEL CONSTRUCTION
~".".
apli n, to which appllcabl •.
25.
II
STANDARD BEAM CONNECTIONS
KK
" K" 8< " K K "
A LLOWABLE L.OADS I N
SERIES
KI PS
m K
Rivet. In
Owtllllding L . Rivet. In
Web l egt Mu1m_ VII ...
K KK
.....,
[B I~ " -
N. " - 8...nng ' Shur
I- .,.
21 \IF 142 to 73
K
106.0
KK
-
"'"
I 66~ 132.5 106.0 66.3 103.2t
I _ thick_
K ,·:u.. 6x 4x l\. 66.3 96.0 f
KK ' . ll.' 6 x l x~h
,; .~,
"•
a•
18 VoF 114lon 106.0
!i,
[
70
64
53.0
53.0 l02·'f
93 .•
•••
60 53.0 98.7t
55 53.0 91.91
,••• 83~
50 53.0
mJ
<
..
58 105.9
! 78
71
106.0
102.1
i•• K "_2L.' 6 )( 4x ~
KK 4_Z U 6 x 6x U
50
45
53.0
53.0
53.0
92.1
83.'
BO.3
72.5
•<
;
E '"36 53.0
53.0
63.'
61.6
E
•
• ._- - - 1-
1
•
....
,. W' 38 39.8 56.3
: 34 39.8 51.7
31
39.8
39.8
39.8 41.6
...,
37.4t 37.'
K 3 _U .•
KK 3 -ZLI Ix6x,k
6 x 4x ~ "
"K " and " KK " Connections are not treated as standa rd by all fabricators. When
80 treated. the ....-eb ri vets must be retained in nu mber and position as ahown in theee
sketcheL 1bose fabricators who treat any connection heaVier than the .. K " Series 33
special, detail both field and shop rivets according to the general principles given on
page 261. Whereas some rabricaton fabricate ,- B " Connections by Symbol. without
detail drawinp. "K ", "KK ", and special connections must a1wa)'l be detailed for all
fabricaton. .
on;. nlue Ie tbtoretkal. It gnnot be .u.llj~ by tho! wcbol of any 01 the littl:d too..ru..
fThe nlua t.Dbllllltl:d for t.hnot; connectionl have been mlUCftI to tJx.e ptnnIlted by web burinl or web
.... r, wblchever ~rna.
V. I... far" "Conntctlono have t.en orIIlttl:d where.t>eaT in riveu in ou tlc..ndlnl ltp IO"ItrTW UId, tbwe-
fore. permit the IIIIIM nluet .. " H " Conntclloaa l.llbulltI:d on PII&e 257.
S.I pig. . 152 . nd 153 t o r w Il ghb 0 ' St.ndlrcl Conn ... t lon . li n d minim u m Iplnl to Which . ppllc..bl..
A M ER ICAN I N STI T U TI: 0 ,. STIl: E L CON S T RUCT ION
260
RI V ETS H O L ES
:Y8" It(6"
SPECIAL BEAM CONNECTIONS
Eumplet be low lUu s trU. methocb of dulg n lng ~o n -
"8<:tlo"l for beam. with ruction. too large to be
carried by SUndlrd Conne.:tlonl.
When web "t" is less than .515" it may occur th..'t the standard " A "
Connect ion provides sufficient shear capacity in outstanding legs, but
T hin W ebs
insufficient web bearing capacity. For all such cases a standard " H "
Connection has been tabulated.
~~
Shear: 140.0 Kips
lSI
~£
1< . ~ IIf o S Le 140.0
.. gs 9.02 - 15.6 rivets
~
., ~I... ~
N
• 140.0 .
Web Legs 18.().1 ... 7.8 nvets
In all cases regard must be had to the note near the foot of page 254 .
Single shear in outstanding leg....... -.. -- .... __.......... _- .......... 6.63 Kips
Value of Enclosed bearing on web... _____ ........ ........ -. ............................. 3O.Ot Kips
One Rivet Maximum (double shear)... ____ .................................................... .13.25 Kips
MinilIlum web lhicl<ne.." t" to develop double Amr ___O.44 2 inch.
M ininlum web thickneos" t" to develOp . ingLe .htar•. __ 0.276 Inch .
When web "t" is less t han .442" it may occur that the standard "S"
Thin Webs
Connection provides sufficient shear capacity in outstanding legs, but
insufficient web bearing capacity. For aU such cases a standard .. K"
Connection has been tabulated,
~~
Shear: 105.0 Kips
,,-- -
~
~s.
Le IOS.0
1.,
<.
~
, 11\ o. s. 6.63
15.8 rivets
N
"'AI ..... 5 ' , b 105.0 .
\\ e Legs 13.25 - 7.9 nvets
In all cases regard must be had to the note near the foot of page 258.
~ldr ~
ru
14 " -12" 10· -B" 1~-e ". I5 '
0<0"'
itii I .! lD
0.'
One-side<J
Connections
Arw:.: 2f w= 4.2.
'" '"
c.:..tflcla n!>o
Avoid, where practicable, and do not use (or beams over 18". Foe
capacity, multiply least value of one rivet by coefficient shown. For gages
other than those shown, the coefficients will vary and must be computed
by the general formula (or Case I I. page 266. Eccentricity should be
provided (or in the outstanding leg only, unless shop riveted leg of angle
exceeds 6" (or Ji" rivets or smaller, or 7" for 1" rivets or larger, when
eccentricity should be provided for in both legs.
.•
-
l'Iae" Sill! .... '.
'"- •
, • j•
, •,",.,_
f Fllla.-
•
Stllf, ...... AngIN Capacity pf W,ightd
Single NO. 01 Rivel Group Conl>tCtlon
Riffi
Di . ~ '"",
OM
Rivet.
in OM
Slz.oI
Se,t Angl, Size
Bea,ing
V. lue 01 G:f' T.,
In I(ill"
T.,
CO.
",W Rivet
". Outstanding Leg
LIlted Firat
Two AnglH
In Kipa Angle Stiff.
OM
Stiff. Stiff.
0 ..
Stilf.
I-- , jO
,,3 6)( 4 X ~
6 X")( ~
3~
3~ X
x3
3
d"
51
51 '"
1~
40
53
28
35
6x4)( ", 3}1 X "
,,.
' jO 51 2)1 38 42
~" 6.63 5
5
6x4x.!1
6x4x ",
3~ X
37'1 X "
3
,jO
71
51 '"
2)1
66
51
48
50
6
6
6x4 II
6x4",,,,
U 3~
3~
X3
)(4 ,,.
, )1 81
71
'"
2)1
80
65
40 59
66
36
,,3 6 It 4 X ~
6x4)(",
331)( 3
3% X 3 ,,.
' li 61
71 '"'" "
72 36
33
"" 30
6x4)( ,", 3J4 x" , jO 51 2." 50
Ji" 9.0'2 5
5
6)(4)( ,,",
6)(4 X ~
3M
3Mx"
X 3
,,.
, )1 81
71
,'"
2)1
90
69
45 56
62
36
611 6x U
,5 , , x3Mx~ 106
'"'U 108 45
""
6 72
6 6)(6)( ", , )1 95 2)1 88 81 51
7 6 X 6)( U 5 )t3J,i X M 122 126 63 88 53
I-- --
3 6X4)( ", 3}>i X 3M)( ~ 71 2 71 39
3 61 2ll 42
6)(4)( ", 3M II 4 'li
,,. "
1" 11.78
,
4 6)(4
6x4)( ",
x '"" 3).<J x3 J.1l x J4
3M x"
81
71
2
2)1
94
67
47 52
56
35
5 6)(6x ",
,5 ,x3.!1x!-i
, 'll 122 2 118 59 71
75 "
5
6
6)(6x ,""
6x6:d·' 5 ,. ' ll
95
122
2ll
2)1
91
115
45
58 97
49
61
Effective length of allffe"o. bearing I, ' N umed 'AI InCh I.... than length of oubtandlngleg.
Capacltl .. baaed 0 ... rivet. are for II ... gle thea r, and thould be I... vntigated for bearl ... g wh ....
..au co ...... ect to thl ... mat.rlal or wh ......au 0'" oppcaite sili" of a carrying member h.ve
rlv.U I... commo ....
Torslo ... 0'" rivet IIrOUP" I, fl/lured I... accorda ... c. wi t h the procedure outll ... ed 0'" Pa lle 264
lI ... de. Stift'.... ad BUm Seau. An/llH .how ... I ... co ... tact 1... ,ketch ,bove m.y b. . . par.ted I...
order th at lIall' I... a"'lIle may .. ol ..... ld. with sUndard /lagel ... colum ....
For capaclti .. u ... der 35 kip" un. t ift'ened l eat .... lIlet thoul d be uaed. (S •• Page 263. )
W.I~ht of co ...... ectlon I... clud" top a ... d IUt .ng l ..... IIlIers, .tlft'e .... rs, a ... d .hop rlv.U Ihow ...
I... ,ket.. ,computed by A. I. S. C. Cod, of Sta ... d a rd Practlc •. Top .... d ..1t .n?, I" a re ..timlted
7'Ao " 10"'11 where ttlft'.... e. gag. I, I~", .... d 1I',i" lo ng where it II 2'Ao". FII ' I'S und er doub le
etlffeners are ..tlmated u me width a . I.ngth of top and teat anlll .. ; under Il nlll • • tlft'aners,
Pm. width a •• tlff. ners.
n",....
•
}JI}
L..ngth _ 6"
'-"
'"
~
I.
8
"15 14
18
17
21
26
20
25
30
23
28
9
"
12
12
16
16
20
2.
19
2.
28
22
27
32
23
31
Iii
"12 17 22
25 " 19
21 27 32
35
12
18 30
" 35 13 35
Ji 20
21
28
" 35
" 22 31 35
'" " 30 35 15 24 34 35
Above values are to be used only when beam has a top angle or side lug.
For values over 35 kips stiffened beam sealS should be used. (See page 262.)
Above table is based on effective bearing beginning J,i" from back of &eat angle.
Values for &eat angles of lengths other than 6" or 8" may be interpolated from the
above table.
The fo\Io\o\--ing method of design. using a maximum bending stress of 24,00> pounds
per square inch. is rerommended. (The 24,000 pound unit stress is used, as the seat
angle being fastened to the beam is restrained, and the true moment is lOtllewhat less
than for a simple cantile\'er.)
R _ ReactKIn of beam, in kipe.
t - Thickness of seat angle. in inches.
I - Length of seat angle. (Max. effective length - 9")
a _ Distance from back of seat angle to beam, in inches.
k - Distance from bottom of beam to topof fil let, in inches.
b .. Effective length of bearing .. ...!...- k .. 2:.. - k ,
• , fl t l 24tl
'~LJk
but not less than }i; (0-0).
I- where fl .. allowable stresl at toe of fillet, A.I .S.C.
Specification , Sec. 26(h) _ 24 kips p. s. i.: and
t l - thickness of beam web, in inches.
-~;~~ 01 b 3
cnt.iul
• .. - +a - t - -
2 8
.-
~ncft~
24 Itl
f--l- M .. Re - --
- \' 6
R _24__It I _ 41
- -t'
So •
STIFFENED BEAM SEATS. See page 262 for table of Stiffened Beam Seats.
(a) Stiffe n en up to SIt Out. tandin r Lea: . Torsion should be figured on rivet
groups for gages 2~" and over (Case I, page 266),
r
Double angles as well as single angies should be
TI I
figured for torsion because outstanding legs are
not riveted and, hence. the two angles act inde-
pendently, Eccentricity on outstanding legs may
be neglected.
(b ) Stiffenen over 5" Quh t a ndin, LeI" and Ca rN under 2}i".
Eccentricity should be figured on outstanding leg and the use o r method of
design shown for Fig. 3, page 265, is recommended. Assume lever arm as
~ (outstanding leg minus W'). See page 267 for required thickness of
stiffeners.
(e) Stiffener. ove r 5" Ouutandin, Lei. a nd Calea 2 ~" and Over.
Rivet the outstanding legs together and compute as for (h).
•
Where for this or other reason the beam reactions
are unequal, figure the rivets in the column for the
sum of the reactions and the difference of the
moments, taken to the center of the connection.
See page 266. Plate should figure for greater moment v.;th lever ann ilo See page
268 for table of Net Section Moduli of Plates.
4
should be figured, using the lever arm I. Eccen-
- . .- tricity in rivets connecting oonnection angle to
t oolumn, with a lever arm of 110 should be figured.
I The thickness of the angie should be ample to
\--1 resist the bending moment. See page 267.
Eccentricity in rivets connecting the two connection angles should be figured. if
the lever ann i3 is 2}i" or more. The least number of field rivets should be uged.
Ii/
Thus P - CXS. I ,I , _ Tabl. II .,
c,.. I 0"'-' '" ." '"1:r-' 6" '" ,." ,," 18" .," 24"
~l
4 ."6
."' '"''". '"'5"6 .".
L5
,". L""•
'] U "82 "55 "47
l-<-
5
6,
'"'
, ""'
U
'"'
'". ."''"6". U L7
"98
U
"82
U
""" L." "62
1'-
, "~
In Table, b .. 3"
.,.
I n lIen,ral, C ..
Ji i .~
"' ,I H
+1
, ,
~,, ~ f.i.
2'"
C.M II I'.
'-'l il
: l
i l! Ill!l: ~ f!l til !~ ~ I f]
-H~
lii: p
•
1t ~
,
•,
,• I i
i!~ii!l ii~Jl I :~ I M ~ ~I ~ Iii ~
"" ~l "" "
,D, " . , . I' . rJ
"To". ,_ 3"
1""0 " In 11,,, , •• 1, C
+ "+"1'
. C,n '"
p-
!
Ca .. III, not tabullted .
In ,,",n,l , C ..
' 'I "" cI + t,t, (nlOJ'
_ Il bl
n
I' + I D' + \i '(,,"D h bl +>n)'
~:t ,
c ... I V
~
I
, 2"
" 6"
'" '2' 15" 18"
, 2" 24"
*~'lUp
~ l :;,:'~I ,~! tt~IHI HHHt~I ~I ~i N~
~
:.":T. :"'r~
~
I _ I;; ::': I"
I 1I11illliIJI~j~li~IJlil~i
:1 .' . . , i
In 1I'''t•• I, C
I ". :"" ""''', ;' . ' , •
,- '''- ,+ ~ I'
AMER I CA N IN S T ITUTE 0'" STEEL CON!lTAUC TtON
267
.-
~
5ijJ ni ~ '117-
j
• •
j
Ha" o ~ ... Bracket.
".
"0"
Thick_ of Angle or FIlI"OO of Toe, ''t'', InthQ
Ji
IiO
2.60 3.56
I-"-"
5.12
»
6.68
IiO
I--'-
8.40
'liO 'IiO
10.44 12.58 15.00 17.56 20.40 23.40 26.60 30.20 33.60 37.60 41 .~
){ 1.74 2.50 3.42 4.44 5.60 6.96 '.38 9.96 " .70 13.60 15.60 17.78 20.20 22.40 25.00 27.~
1 1.30 1.88 2.56 3.33 4.20 5.20 6.30 7.50 '.80 10.20 11.70 13.33 15.1 0 16.80 18.80 2O. ~
1){
lli
1){
1.04
.88
.74
1.50
1.26
1.08
2.06
1.70
1.46
2.67
2.22
1.90
3.36
2.80
2.40
4,16 5.04 6.00 7.04 8.16 9.36 10.67 12.00 13.46 15.00
3.48 4.20 5.00 5.86 6.80 7.80 '.88 10.00 11.20 12.50 13.
2.98 3.60 4.28 5.04 5.84 6.68 7.62 '.60 9.64 10.70
'::
11."
'~~
2 .66 .94 1.28 1.66 2.10 2.60 3.16 3.74 4.40 5.10 5.86 6.68 7.52 8.40 9.36
2 ji .58 .84 1,14 1.4' 1.88 2.32 2.80 3.33 3.92 4.64 5.20 5.92 6.70 7.46 ' .36
2»
2){
.52
.48
. 76
.68
1.02
.94
1.33
1.22
1.68
1.64
2.08 2.52 3.00 3.52 4.08 4.68 5.33 6.04 6.72 7.50
1.90 2.30 2.72 3.20 3.72 4.26 4.86 5.48 6.1 2 6.80 7.64
1.74 2.1 0 2.50 2.94 3.40 3.92 4.44 5.02 5.60 6.26 6.92
:"••
3 .44 .62 .86 1.12 1.40
3){ .40 .58 .78 1.02 1.30 1.60 1.94 2.30 2.72 3.14 3.60 4.10 4.62 5.16 5.76 6.38
For lingle unratrained angleo use one-quarter or the load. tabulated above.
The following method of design using a maximum bending stress of 20 000 p.s.i., is
Terommended. Angles and structural tees are considered restrained in cases shown
above or in similar cases. Point of critical moment is assumed at tangent of fillet of
outstanding leg of angle or tee.
P e 20 12 80 t' 13.33 I'
M -- x ~--- p --- ----
2 2 6 6e •
where P _ Allowable load on two angles or structural tee in kips per linear inch.
e _ Distance from tangent of fillet of angle or tee to center of rivet, in inches.
(e/2 is the lever ann used to determine moment because angles and tees
arc considered restrained.)
t _ Thickness of angle or flange of tee, in inches.
For brackets as shown above and in Fig. 3, page 265, and for beam seat stiffener
angles page 262, divide the tension in the two top rivets by the rivet pitch to obtain
the load per linear inch of two angles.
r:n
"
, J
II~
If I Section ModuLi taken
Oi. meter 01 holM ... u.....:!
~" I. rger than nominal
'0 along this lin.
Rivet. tPace<I
d' ..... te. of.,,,,,t 3" vertiClOlly
No. of
Rivett
Do,. n" RIVETS W' RIVETS 1" RIVETS
0'0.. "'0
Plateo
V.rtiCII 11M""
Thick .... of Plateo, In. Thick,,", 01 Plate, In. Th ickneu 01 Ptate, I n.
Line
" li li li li li 1
- - -- li
" J1 % li %
r-
J1 %
1-
%
2 6 1.2 1.• 2.3 2.9 3.5 1.7 2.3 2.9 3.4 '.0 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.• 4.3
3 9 2.5 3.• 5.0 6.3 7.5 3.6 ••• 5.9 7.1 ..3 ' .5 5.6 6.8 7.9 9.0
• 12
••• 6.3 •. 7 11 13 6.2 •.2 1. 12
" 7.8 9.7 12
"21 ,.16
5 15 6.• 1. 17 1. 13 16 19 12 15 1.
6 1. 9.6 15
"
19 24
20
29 1. 23 27
22
32 17 21 26 30 34
7 21 13 26 39
"19 31 43 23 29 35 41
20 33
" 37
••
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• 24 17 26
32
34 43
54
51 24 32
41
40
51
56 3.
38
38
48
45
57
!>3
67
61
9 27 22 43 65 31 61 71 77
1. 30 27 40 !>3 67 80 38 50 63 75 88 47 59 71 83 94
12 36 38 58 77 96 115 54 72 90 108 126 68 95 102 119 136
42 7. 104 130 157 98 123 147 172 92 115 138 161 184
"
16 48
52
68 102 136 17. 204
74
96 128 160 192 22. 120 150 180 211 24'
86 129 172 215 259 122 162 203 243 284 152 190 228
1.
20
54
60 '06 160 213 319 150 200 250 300 350 188 235 2.2 329 376
'" 304
22
'"
G6 129 193 257 322 3G6 ,.2 242 3Jl3 363 42. 227 284 341 398 .54
24 72 153 23. 306 383 459 216 288 360 .32 504 27. 338 .06 473 541
26 7. 180 27. 359 449 539 254 338 423 507 592 317 397 '76 655 634
28 84 208 313 417 521 6" 294 392 .90 588 886 368 460 552 544 736
30 90 240 359 • 78 598 71 • 338 '50 563 675 788 .22 528 633 739 845
32 96 272 408 544 680 816 384 512 840 768 896 '80 600 721 841 961
34 102 308 461 6" 768 922 43' 578 723 867 101 2 542 678 813 949 1085
36 108 344 517 689 861 1033 "6 6" 81. 972 1134 608 760 912 1064 1216
PINS
•
Pin •
,",,00 Rough
FlnilMd
Modu!,,"
S
Sinole
15,000
D."•
15,000
llneh Th ;,:k
",000 ",000
T ... ....., Pound.
per SQ. In.
Pound,
per Sq, In .
Pounds
por SI!- In. """"
pe' Sq, In.
'", fn.' CO, CO, In.' Kill' K ip' ,,~ Kip Inchu
1
1){
'»
1){
.79
1.23
1,"
2.41
.. ,-_ .. - ......
... __ ...........
..................
-.._- .......-.
2.67
4.17
6.01
B.18
,,,
.10
,33
.53
11.8
18.4
26.5
36,1
23.6
36.8
53.0
72.2
..
32
.0
56
3,0
5.7
9,9
15.9
2 3.14 ......•_......... 10.68 ,79 47.1 94.3 54 23.7
2){ 3.98 ....._........... 13.52 1.12 59.6 119.3 72 33,6
2» 4.91 .................. 16.69 1,53 73.6 147.3 SO 45.9
2){ 5,94 .................. 20.20 2.04 89.1 178.2 88 61.2
3 7.07 ....._...... _... 24,OJ 2,65 106.0 212.1 96 79.5
3){ 8,30 ....._........... 28.21 3.37 124.4 248.9 104 101.1
3» 9.62 ....._........... 32.71 4.21 144.3 288.6 112 126.3
3){ 11.05 ... _............. 37.55 5.18 165.7 331 .4 120 155.4
.
•' )(
' »
5
)(
5){
12.57
14.19
15.90
17.72
19.64
21.65
.._- ..........- ...
....._... _......
..................
_---
... ..-- .- ..
....-............
... _.. -.........
42.73
48.23
54.07
60.25
66.76
73.60
6.28
7.54
8.95
10.52
12.27
14.21
188.5
212.8
238.6
265,8
294.5
324.7
3n.0
425.6
4n.l
531.6
589.1
649.4
128
136
14'
152
160
168
188.4
226,2
268.5
315.6
368. 1
426.3
5» 23.76 ... _............. 80.78 16.33 356.4 71 2.7 176 489.9
5){ 25.97 ....... , .. 88,29 18.66 389.5 n9.0 184 559.8
6 28.27 100.2 96.1 3 21.21 424.1 848.2 192 636.3
6){ 30,68 108.5 104.3 23.97 460.2 920.4 200 719.1
6 )i 33.18 117.2 112.8 26,96 497.7 995.5 208 808.8
6){ 35.79 126.2 121.7 30.19 536.8 1074 216 905,7
7 38.49 135.6 130.9 33,68 22.
7){
7»
41.28
44.18
145.2
155.3
140.4
150.2
37.41
41 .42
sn.3
619.2
662.7
""
1239
1325
232
240
1010
1122
1243
7~ 47.17 165.6 160.4 45.70 707.6 1415 248 1371
8
8U
50.27
53,46
56.75
176.3
187.3
198.7
170.9
181.8
192.9
50.27
55.13
60.29
754.0
801.8
1508
1604 ,...
256 1508
1654
8» 851.2 1702 272 1809
8){ 60.13 210.3 204.5 65.79 902,0 1804 2BO 1973
9 63.62 222.4 216.3 71.57 954.3 1909 288 2147
9){ 67.20 234.7 228,5 n.70 1008 2016 296 2331
9» 70.88 247.4 241.0 84.18 1063 2127 304 2525
9){ 74.66 260.4 253.9 91.00 1120 2240 312 2730
10 78.54 273.8 267.0 98.18 1178 2356 320 2945
Pin , up to 6 in c h diameter Uti u,u:!:f pu .-.;:ha"d ". co ld-r<>Ued ' haftinll and req ui re no
"nl.h. UI'$' pinl I .e fOl'$lng ., pu.-.;:hl ro ug h-turn ed leavlnll ~." flnl.h III over.
AMERICAN IN ST I TUTE OF STEEl.. CON STRUCTION
270
AN D
TURNED BOLT S I N REA MED HOLES
ALLOW ABLE LOA D S IN K I PS
Shea, _.. _. ___________ 15,000 IIHI. per Iq...... Inch
Bearing: S. 5. _ _ _ .32,000
O. S. _ _ _ 40,000
1- ="te =
PI.
------------------
32.0 40.0 32.0 40.0 32.0 40.0 32.0 40.0 3'2.0 40.0 32.0 40.0 32.0 40.0
!~
.200 .. 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.80 6.00 5.60 7.00 6.40
.220 --_ ... 4.40 4.40 5.50 5.28 6.60 6.16
7.20 6.n
7.70 7.04 8.
.260 ..... __ . 5.20 ... _. __ . 6.50 6.24 7.80 7.28 9,1 0 8.3210.4 9.361 1.7
.280 ..... __ . 5.60 . ___ ... 7.00 6.72 6.407.84 9.80 8.9611.2 10.1 12.6
.300 •.... __ . 6.00 .___ ... 7.50 .___ ... 9.00 8.40 10.5 9.60 12.0 10.8 13.5
.3125 !-M .....__ ._.___ •... ___ . 7.81 ... ___ . 9.38 8.75 10.9 10.0 12.5 11.3 14.1
.320
.340
... _-- ·... _--· ... _-_. 8.00 ... _--. 10.2
....._-· ... _--·... _-_. 8.50
9.60 8.96 11.2
... --- . 11 .9
10.2
10.9
12.8
13.6
11.5
12.2
14.4
15.3
12.8
13.6
16.0
17.0
.380 ..... _- · ... ---· ... _--. 9.00 ... _-- . 10.8 ..... _- . 12.6 11.5 14.4 13.0 16.2 14.4 18.0
... _--·... ---· ... _-_. 9.38 ..... _- . 11 .3 ..... __ . 13.1 12.0 15.0 13.5 16.9 15.0 18.8
"
.375
.380 ..... __ ...... __ ...... __ ...... __ .... ___ . 11.4 ... ___ . 13.3 ..... __ . 15.2 13.7 17.1 15.2 19.0
.400 ..... __ .... ___ ...... __ .... ___ ...... __ . 12.0 ... ___ . 14.0 ..... __ . 16.0 14.4 18.0 16.0 20.0
.420 ..... ~_ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ . 12.6 ..... __ . 14.7 ... ___ . 16.8 15.1 18.9 16.8 21.0
.4375 liO ..... __ .... ___ ...... __ ..... __ .... ___ . 13.1 ... ___ . 15.3 ... ___ . 17.5 ... ___ . 19.7 17.5 2 1.9
.440 ... ___ .... ___ ...... __ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ . 15.4 ... ___ . 17.6 ... __ . 19.8 17.6 22.0
.460 ..... __ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ ...... __ .... ___ .... ___ . 16.1 ..... __ . 18.4 ..... __ . 20.7 18.4 23.0
.480 ..... __ .... ___ ...... __ .... ___ .... ____ ...... __ ...... __ . 16.8 ... ___ . 19.2 ... ___ . 21.6 ... ___ . 24.0
.600 )i ... ___ ...... __...... __ .. ___ ...... __ .... ___ .... ___ . 17.5 ..... __ . 20.0 ..... __ . 22.5 ... ___ . 25.0
.520 ..... __ ...... __ .... ___ ...... __ ...... __ .... ___ ...... __ . 18.2 ..... __ . 20.8 ... ___ . 23.4 ... ___ • 26.0
,.
.540 ... ___ .... ___ ...... __ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... __ . 21 .6 ... ___ . 24.3 ..... __ . 27.0
.560 ... ___ .... ___ ...... __ .... ___ ...... __ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ ...... __ . 22.4 ... __ . 25.2 ... ___ . 28.0
.5625 ... ___ ...... __ ...... __ .... __ .... ___ .... ___ ... ___ ...... __ .... ___ . 22.5 ... ___ . 25.3 ... ___ . 28. 1
.580 ..... __ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ ...... __ ...... __ . 23.2 ... ___ . 26.1 ... ___ . 29.0
.600 ... ___ .... ___ .... __ ...... __ ...... __ .... ___ ...... __ .... ___ ...... __ . 24.0 _. ___ . V.O ... ___ . 30.0
.620 ... ___ .... ___ ...... __ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ ...... __ .... __ .... ___ . 27.9 ... ___ . 31 .0
... ___ .... ___ .... ___ ...... __ ...... __ ...... __ .... ___ ...... __ ...... __ .... _.. _.... ___ . 28.1 ... ___ . 31.3
.625 li
... ___ .... ___ . _... __ ...... __ .•,, ___ ...... __ .... ___ .... ___ ..... __ ...... __ ...... __ • 30.9 ..... __ . 34.4
.6875 %
_. ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ ...... __ ...... __ ...... __ .... ___ .... ___ ...... __ . _... __ .... ___ .... ___ . 37.5
.750
" A M ERICA N IN STITU T E 0 1" S T EEL CONST RUCTION
27 1
UNFINISHED BOLTS
.- .-
(SN A.I.S.C. Spec:I~t!on s.ctlon n{l) for conditional 1_ _ of ~
.. -
kM .1963 .4<418 .6013 .785< 1.2272
Sinole ShNt
""'
1.96
3.93
""..,
3.07
6.14 ....
4.42 6.01
12.03
a.",ng
7.85
....".
15.71
9.94
19.88
12.27
2<.54
Thick......
•
Pl.t,
BNrif\D
"'''''' BNrino 86ar i !1G
.__ . 3.25
.-- 3.50 ... _-
3.13 3.91
'.06 3.90
3.75
4.55 ....
4.69 4.38 5.4 5.00 6.25
5.69 5.20 6.50 5.85 7.31
....
.280
.300
.3 125 110 "'---'
3.75
3.91 ...
..•.. __ . 4.00
_-_.
..... __ .
....
'.38 4.20 5.25 4.90
4.69 4.50 5.63 5.25
5.00
_-
..... 5.86 5.47
..... __ . 6.00 5.60
6.13
6.56
6.84
5.60 7.00 6.30 7."
6.00 7.50 6.75
6.25 7.81 7.03 •. 79
.320 7.00 6.40 8.00 7.20 9.00
l
.340 ..... __ ...... __ ... ___ . 5.31 ..... __ . 6.38 5.95 7.44 6.80 8.50 7.65 9.56 8.
~ 10.0
10.6
.360 ... ___ .... ___ ..... __ . 5.63 .____ . 6.75 7.88 7.20 9.00 8.10 10.1 9. 11.3
.375 ~ ..... __ ...... __ ..... __ . 5.86 ... ___ 7.03 8.20 7.50 9.38 8.44 10.6 9.38 11.7
.360 ..... __ .... ___ _. __ . 5.94 ... _ 7.13 .. __ 8.31 7.60 9.60 8.55 10.7 ~.~ 11.9
.<00 ... ___ .____ . __ . 6.25 ... ___ 7.50 ... __ . 8.758.00 10.0 9.00 11.3 10.0 12.5
9.19 ____ 10.5 9.45 11.8 10.5
:::= ::::- =:== ::.:- ::::- ~:~ :~=::::
.<20 13.1
.4375 ){, 9.57 _... __ . 10.9 9.84 12.3 10.9 13.7
.4<0 ..... __ ... ___ ... __ •... _ '•. ___ 8.25 ... __ . ~.~ ____ 11.0 9.90 12.4 11.0 13.8
.<60 ... __ .... ___ ... ___ .... ___ .... ___ . 8.63 _. __ . 10.1 ..... __ . 11.5 ... ___ . 12.9 11.5 14.4
.480 ... ___ .... ___ .... ___ .... ___ ..•. ___ . 9.00 ... ___ . 10.5 _. ___ 12.0 _. ___ 13.5 12.0 15.0
.500 ~ ..... __ ..... __ .... ___ ...... __ .•.. ___ .... ___ . ... ___ . 10.9 ..... __ . 12.5 ... ___ 14.1 12.5 15.6
.520 ..... __ ...... __ .... ___ .... ___ .... ____ ..... __ ...... __ . 11.4 ... ___ _13.0 ... __ . 14.6 ..... __ . 16.3
.540 ... ____ ..... __ ...... __ .... ____ ... ____ .. ,. __ . ", ___ , 11.8 ... ___ . 13.5 .__ ." 15.2 16.9
.560 " ,__ H • • • • _. _ _ • • • • _ _ , 12.3 .. __ , 14.0
• • • • _ _ _ • • ," _ _ _ " ••••• __ • " ,___ ,
_. 15.7 17.5
.5625 I!o ••• _ _ _ •••• H __ ••• _ _ _ ••• __________ 14.1
. ,• • _ _ • • • • • • _ _ ••• ____ ••• _ _ _ _._ 15.8 ... ___ 17.6
.580 " ' _ H " " , _ _ _ _ _ _ ••• _ _ • • • • __ •••• ____ ."H __ •• 'H __ •• __ 14.5 .• ___ . 16.3 ... ___ 18.1
.600 ... __ .... ___ ... ___ ...___ .... ___... _ .... ___ ... ___ .__ 15.0 ___ 16.9 ... ___ 18.8
.620 __ ... __ •.. __ .. __ .. _ . ____ .___ ... ___ ... _ 15.5 .. ___ 17.4 ... __ 19.4
.625 jf ". __ ... ___ ... ___ . __ ._" ... ___ .• __ .•. _.. ""_ .. __ 15.6 .. __ 17.6 ... _ 19.5
.6875 'liO ..... _ ... __ ...___ ....__ . ____ .___ ... __ ... __ ... __ 17.2 ,__ 19.3 ... __ 21.5
.750 .. ___ ... ___ ... ___ ... ___ ... ___ ... ___ ... ___ ... ___ ... ___ ... ___ .. ___ 21.1 ... ___ 23.'
.8125 "
'110 •.. ___ ... ___ ... ___ .... __ ... ___ .... ___ •..... __ ... ___ ....._ ... __ ...• __ ..... __ ... __ 25.4
PART IV
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND CODES
CONTENTS
PREFACE
SPECIFICATION
TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
PART I. MATERIAL-5ECTION 9
PREFACE
This Specification defines the practice adopted by the American Institute of Steel
Construction in the design, fabrication, and erection of structural steel (or Buildings.
ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
27.
A. I . S. C. SPECl FICA TI ON
the wind moments, as between the several joints of the frame, may be made by a
recognized empirical method provided that either:
1. TIle wind connections, designed to resist the assumed y,ind moments, are
adequate to resist the moments induced by the gravity loading and the wind
loading, at the increased unit strcsaes permitted therefor. or.
2. The wind connections. if welded and if designed to resist the assumed wind
moments, are 80 designed that larger moments, induced by the gravity
loading under the actual oondition of restraint, will be relieved by deformation
of the connection material without over..stress in the welds.
Type 3 (aemi-rigid) construction will be permitted only upon evidence that the
connections to be U900 are capable of resisting definite moments without ovent.resl of
the welds.· 'I'M proportioning of main members joined by such connections shall be
predicated upon no greater degrtt of end restraint than the minimum known to be
effecll\-e by the respective connections.-
Types 2 and 3 construction may necessitate BOrne non-elastic but self-limiting
deformation of a structural steel part, but under (orcefl which do not overstress the
rivets. bolts or welds.
SECTION 5. WELDING.
(.) Weldinc·
Welds shall be made only by operators who have been previously qualified by
tests. as prescribed in the "Standard Qualification Procedure" of the American
Welding Society. to perform the type of work required, except that this provision
need not apply to tack welds not later inoorporated into finished welds carrying cal-
culated stress.
(b ) Rivett a nd Bolta in Combination w ith Weld,.
In new work, rivets or bolts in oombination with welds sha!! not be oonsidered
as sharing the stress, and welds shall be provided to carry the entire stress for which
the oonnection is designed.
...
28.
A. I. S. C. S P ECIF IC AT I ON
SECTION 7. ERECTION.
<a> Dradn&".
The frame of steel skeleton buildings shall be carried up true and plumb, and
temporary bracing shall be introduced wherever necessary to take care of all loads to
which the structure may be subjected, including equipment, and the operation of
same. Such bracing &hall be lert in place as long as may be required for safety.
(b ) Adequacy of Temporary C onnection •.
As erection progresses, the ..... ork shall be securely bolted up, or welded, to take
care of all dead load, wind and ere<:tion stresses.
(c) Erection Streue •.
Wherever piles of material. erection equipment or other loads rue carried during
ere<.tion, proper provision shall be made to take careof stresses resulting from the same.
(d ) AIi,nment.
No rivcting or wclding shall be done until as much of the structure as will be
stiffened thereby has been properly aligned.
(e) Field Connection •.
All field connections may be made with unfinished bolts, except as follows:
Rivets or welds shall be used for the following connections: except that turned
bolts may be used in lieu of riveta as specified in' Section 6:
Column splices in all tier structures 200 (eel 01 more in height.
Column splices in tier struct ures 100 to 200 feet in height, if the least horiwntal
dimension is less than 40 perctnt of the height.
Column splices in tier structures less than 100 feet in height. if the least horizontal
dimension is less than 25 percent o f the height.
Connections of all beams and girders to columns and of any other beams and
girdets on which the bracing of columns is dependent, in structures over 125 feet in
height.
Roof-truss splices and connections of trusses to columns, column splices. column
bracing, knee braces and aane supports, in all structures carrying cranes of over
5-ton capacity.
.
2.,
A. I . S. C. SPECIFICATION
SECTION 8. I NSPECTION.
(a ) Ceneral.
Material and workmanship at all times shall be subject to the inspection of ex-
perienced engineen representing the purchaser.
(b ) Cooperation .
All inspection as far as possible shall be made at the place of manufacture. and
the Contractor or Manufacturer shall cooperate with the Inspector permitting access
for inspection to all places where work is being done.
(c) Rejection a.
Material or \\''Orkmanship not confonning to the provisions of this Specification
may be rejected at any time ddects are found during the progress of the ,",'Ork.
(d ) inapection of We ldini'.
The inspection of welding shall be performed in accordance with the provisions
o f Section 5 of the "Code for Arc and Gas Welding in Building Construction" of the
American Welding Society, as amended to date.
TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
PART I. MATERIAL
SECTION 9. MATERIAL.
(a) Slrudural Steel.
Structural steel shall conform to the "Standard Specifications for Structural
Steel for Bridges and Buildings, Serial Designation A 7" o f the American Society for
Testing Materials. as amended to date.
(b ) Rivet Steel.
Rivet steel shall oonfonn to the "Standard Specifications for Structural Rivet
Steel, Serial Designation AI4l ", of the American Society for Testing Materials, as
amended to date.
(e) Other Met.l •.
Cast steel, cast iron and other metals shall oonform to the applicable Specifications
of the American Society for Testing Materials, as amended to date. Cast Steel for
1I.elding shall be of a grade designated as weldable in said Specifications.
(d ) Stock Materi.l.
Stock material shaIJ be of a quality equal to that called for by Paragraph (a).
Mill test reports shall constitute sufficient reeord as to the material taken [rom stock.
Unidentified stock material, if free from surface imperfections, may be used for
short sections of minor importance, or for small unimportant details, where the precise
physical properties of the material would not affect the strength of the structure.
(e) Filler Metal.
Arc-Welding electrodes shall conform to the requirements of the "Specifications
for Iron and Steel Arc-Welding Electrodes" of the American Welding Society, la test
edition. Electrodes shall be of Classification Numbers E6010, E6011, £6012, £6013,
E6020 or E6030 and shall be suitable for the positions and other conditions of in-
tended use.
With each container of electrodes the manufacturer shaIJ furnish instructions
giving recommended voltage and amperage (and polarity if direct current) for all
uses and welding positions for which the electrode is suitable.
(a) Steel structures shall be designed to sustain the following loads and forces:
1. Dead Load.
2. Live Load.
3. Impact.
4. Wind and other Lateral and Longitudinal Forces.
5. Erection Loads.
6. Other Forces.
(0:) Impact.
For structures carrying live klrads which induce impact or vibration, the assumed
live load shall be increased sufficiently to provide for same.
If not otherwi9C specified, the increase shall be:
For supports of ele\'3tors.... _.... _ .... _____ .• ______ ._. __ . 100 percent
For traveling crane support girders and their oonnections. __ _ 25 ..
For supportll of light machinery. shaft or motor driven. not
less than. .. _____ .. _.. _.............................._...... _.•..•. _......•....... _...... . 20
For supports of reciprocating machinery or power driven units.
not less than. _______ ._._._. ____ .__ .. _______ _ 50
For threaded hanger rods supporting tIoors and baloonies._...... . 33~
(b ) Reinforceme nt at Connection •.
The &ectional area of members subject to loads (other than wind loads) producing
alternating tensile and com~ve stresses shall be augmented, at the approach to a
ronnection, by riveting Of ......elding on additional material, !IO that the augmented
!le<:tion shall comply with the (ollowing rule:
To the net total rompressive stress, and to the net total tensilt: stress, add arith·
metically 50 percent of the smaller of these two; and proportion the connected materia1.
and the ronnecting rivets, bolts, pins or welds, for each of the two increaged stresses
thus separately obtained at the unit stresses prescribed in Section 15 (a).
If the reversal may be expected to occur over 100,000 times in the life of the
building, the unit slresses in the ronnected material and in the connecting rivets.
bolts, pins or welds shall not exceed 75 percent of thoaI! specified in Section 15 (a).
Sharp notches, ropes and other sudden chanaes of cross aection shall be particularly
avoided in and adjacent to such connectiona.
(. ) S imple Span'.
Beams, girders and trusses shall ordinarily be designed on the basis of simple
spans whose effective length is equal to the distance between cent~ of gravity of the
members to which they deliver their end reactions.
( b) End Re.tralnt.
When designed on the assumption of end restrnint full or partial. due to con-
tinuous, semi·rontinuous or cantilever action, the beams, girden and trusses, as well
as the sections o f the members to which they connect, shall be designed to any the
shears and momenta 90 introduced, as well as all other forces, without exceeding at
any point the unit Stres9CS prescribed in Section 15 (a): except that BOrne non-elastic
but !leU.limiting deformation of a part of the connection may be pennitUd when this
is essential to the avoidance of oventrtssing of a weld.
Except as provided in this Section under "Bending", under "Wind Only" and
under "Wind and Other Forces" and as provided in Section I, final paragraph, all
parts of the structure shall be so proportioned that the unit stress in pounds per square
inch shall not elceed the follov.ing values:
286 I
A. I. S. C. SPEC I FICA TI O N
(3) BENDlI'C.
Tension on ex treme fibers of rolled sections, plate girder.!.
and built-up members.
(See Section 26 (a) ) .. 20.000
Compression on extreme fibers of rolled sections plate
girdeno, and built-up members.
12.000,000
With ~ in excess of 001 .
bt Id
bt
in which J is the unsupported length and d the depth, of the
member ; b is the width, and t the thickness, of its compression
flange; all in inches: except that l shall be taken as twice the
length of the compression flange of a cantilever beam not fully
stayed at its outer end against translation or rotation.
Stress on extreme fibers of pins., 30,000
Fiber stresses in butt welds, d ue to bending. shall not
exceed the values prescribed' (or tension and compression.
respectively.
Fully continuous beams and girders may be proportioned for
negative moments which are maximum at interior points of
support, at a unit bending stress 20 percent higher than above
stated; provided that the section modulus used over supports
shall not be less than that required for the maximum positive
moments in the same beam or girder, and provided that the com-
pression nange shall be regarded as unsupported from the support
to the point of conlrnf\exure.
For columns proportioned for combined axial and bending stresses.
the maximum unit bending stress Fb, Sect. 12 (a) may be taken
at 24,000 pounds per square inch, when this stress is induced by
the gravity loadi ng of fully or partially restrained beams fram ing
into the columns.
(4 ) SHEARIfl:C.
R ivets ..... _ .................. . ....... _... _._. ... 15,000
Pins, and turned bolts in reamed or drilled holes.................. 15,000
Unfinished bolts ............................. _...... _.. _.......... _................... 10,000
Web6 of beams and plate gilden, gross section..... ___ ........... 13.000
Weld Metal
on section through throat of fillet weld, or on faying
surface area o f plug or slot weld ..... _____ .......... _............. 13,600
on 9CCtion through throat of bu tt weld ..... ___ ...... _.. _......... 13,000
(Stress in a fi net weld shall be considered as shear on the
throa t, for any d irection of applied stress. Neither plug
nor slot welds shall be assigned any values in resistance
to stresses other than shear. )
(5) BEARING.
Rivets. . ._. __ ..........
""".,
so-
40,000
...
32,000
,
Sinrl'"
skewed butt weld shall not be assumed in computations to be longer than the width
of the joint or piece perpendicular to the direction of stresa.
The effective thro.lt thickness of a fillet weld shall be the shortest distance from
the root to the face of the diagrammatic weld. (The effective throat thickness of an
equal leg 45° fiJlet ",eld is 0.707 times the nominal size o f the weld. )
The effective throat thickness of a complete-penetration butt weld (i. c .• a butt
weld conforming to the requirements of Section 33 (m), 2nd paragraph) shall be the
thickness of the thinner part joined.
The effective throat thickness of an incomplete-penetration bun weld (i. e .• a
butt weld not conforming to the requirements of Section 33 (m), 2nd paragraph, but
conforming to same Section 3rd paragraph) shall. for design purpoges, be oonsidered
as 75 percent of the thickness of the thinner part joined.
PART IV . DESIGN
SECTION 16. SLENOERNFSS RATIO.
C.) The ratio of unbraccd length to least radius of gyration.!.. for compression ,
members and for tension members other than rods shall not exceed:
For main compression members._ ............ _ .. _.... _.... _...... _..... _.. _.. __ ... 120
For bracing and other a«:ondary members in compression.._~_ ....... _.... 200
For main tension members........_.......... _.. _.. _.................. _................... ....... 240
For bracing and other aemndary mernben in tension.... ..... _........... 300
(b ) The slenderness of a main compression member may exceed 120, but not
200, provided that it is not ordinarily subje(:t to shock or vibratory loads and provided
tha t its unit stress under full design loading shall not exoetd the following fraction
of that stipulated under Section 15 (a)(2) for its actual ratio l/ r:
I
1.6- 200 r
(a ) Del1nition ••
TIle gross I!IeCtion of a member at any point shall be detennined by summing the
products of the thickness and the gross width of each element as measured nonnal to
the aris of the member. The net geCtion shall be determined by substituting for the
gross width the net width romputed in accordance with paragraphs (e) to (8) of this
Section.
(b) Application.
Unless otherwiae specified, tension members shall be designed on the basis of
net section. Columna shall be designed on the basis of gross aection. Beams and
gin;Ien shall be designed in accordance v.'ilh Section 26 (a).
In detennining the net section across plug or slot welds the weld metal &hall not
be considered as adding to the net area.
I
.'
-
4,
where
Cd ) An,le • .
Foc angles. the gross width shall be the sum of the widths of the legs less the
thickness. The gage for holes in opposite legs shall be the sum of the gages from
back of angle less the thickness.
(e ) Splice Member •.
For splice members. the thickness oonsidered shall be only that part of the thick-
ness of the membtt which has been devdoped by rivets or ....-elds beyond the aection
oonsidered.
(f) Siu o f Hole •.
In oomputing net area the diameter of a rivet hole shall be taken as ~ inch greater
than the nominal diameter of the rivet.
.,. del1ection not exceeding 1/ 36Oth of the span (see Section 17 (a»:
fL
3,625,000
if the beam is designed for full uniform load producing the
unit stress f at mid span;
where e - the horizontal displacement between the top and bottom of the beam at
ita end. in inches.
f - the flexural unit stress in the beam a t mid span : p.s.i.
d _ the depth o f the beam. in inches.
L _ the span of the beam, in feet .
(I ) Filler• •
In riveted construction, when rivets carrying annputed stress pass through
mien, the fillers shall be extended beyond the connected member and the extension
secured by enough rivets to distribute the tolal stress in the member uniformly over
the combined sections of the member and filler.
Fillen under the stiffeners on riveled plate girders. at end bearings or at points
of concentrated loads. shall be aecured by sufficient rivets to prevent excessive bending
and bearing stresses.
In welded construction, when a filler is used betv;een two partl a:nmected in shear,
there shall be sufficient welding to transfer the shearing 8tre!S from one part to the
filler and from the filler to the other part. Fillers of less than U inch thickness shall
not be used to transfer stress, but shall be trimmed flush with the welded edges of the
stress-c3.rrying element and the sites of the welds along the edges shall be increased
over the required sizes by an amount equal to the thickness of the filler.
(d ) Lonl" Crip•.
Rivets which carry calculated Stress, and the grip of which exceeds five diametenl,
ahall have their number increaged I percent for each additional ~ inch in the rivet
grip. Special care shall be used in heating and driving such rivets.
Ca ) M inimum Pitc: h .
TIle minimum distance between centers of rivet holes shall prefernbly be not less
than three times the diameter of the rivet.
(d ) Two-AnJ"le Member•.
In tension members composed of two angles, a pitch of 3' 6" will be allowed, and
in compression members, 2' 0". but the ratio llr for each angle between rivets shall be
not more than '" of that for the whole member.
(. ) Minimum Ed,.. Di,tanee.
The minimum distance from the center of any punched rivet hole to any edge
shall be that given in Table I.
TABLE I
,~ ....
Rivet Diameter,
In Sheared Ed,.. In Rolled F.dge of
p,,~
In Rotled Edge of
Structural
'''"'''
1 Ji w
lli 1 W
1Ji 1J1 1 •
1)i 1Ji lli '
1"
2
1)i
1Ji
IU·
I»"
2Ji 2 H~·
., ....
Muim u m~
1-
~
6
.""
2
Over 6
Intermittent fillet welds may be used to transfer calculated stress aaoss a joint
or faying surfaces when the strength required is less than that developed by a con·
tinuous fillet weld of the smallest practical size. The clear spacing in the direction of
stress, between 1M effective lengths of auch segments at the edges of plates and at
the unsupported edges of rolled shapes carrying calculated stress, shall not exceed
the following number times the th ickness of the thinner part joined: for compression,
16; for tension, 24; and shall in no case be more than 12 inches. The effective length
of longitudinal fillet welds at the end s of built-up members shall be not Jess than the
width of the component part joined.
(d ) Slot Weld • •
The clear distance from the edge of a slot to the adjacent edge of the slotted part,
and the clear d istance between adjacent slots, measured in a direction perpendicular
to tha t of the main stress, shall be not less than five times the thickness of the slotted
part nor less than twice the width o f the slot.
(. ) Stitch Weld ••
If two or more platel or rolled shapes are used to build up a member, sufficient
stitch welding (of the fillet, plug or slot type) to make the parts act in unision sha11 be
provided as folio,", CJl:cept where transfer of calculated stress between the parts
joined requires closer spacing.
1. For plates, the longitudinal clear spacing between stitch \\-elda shall not
CJl:ceed the provision. of paragraph (b) of this section and the transverse
spacing shall not exceed 32 t imes the thickness of the thinner plate
joined.
2. For members compoaed of two or more rolled shapes. in contact one
with another, the longitudinal spacing of stitch welds shall not exceed
24 inches or the limits prescribed in (3).
3. For members compoeed of rolled shapes, separated one from the other
by a gusset plate, the component partS shall be stitched together at
intervals such that the aiticai ratio IJr, for each component. between
stitching, shall not CJl:ceed three-fourths the aitica1 ratio lor the whole
member.
(.) PropOrtioninc ·
Riveted and welded plate girders, rover-plated beams, and rolled beams shall in
general be proportioned by the moment of inertia of the gross section. No deduction
shall be made for standard shop or field rivet holes in either flange; except that in
special cases where the reduction of the area of either flange by such rivet holes, cal-
culated in accordance with the provisions of Section 19, exceeds 15 percent of the gross
flange area, the excess shatl be deducted. If such members contain other holes, as
for bolts, pins, countersunk rivets, or plug or slot welds, the full deduction for such
holes shall be made. The deductions thus applicable to either flange shall be made
also for the opposite (lange jf the corresponding holes are there prescnt.
(b ) Web.
Plate girder webs shall have a thickness of not less than 1/170 of the unsupported
distance between flanges.
(e) Flancn,
The thickness of outstanding parts of flanges shall confonn to the requirements
o f Section 18 (c).
Each flange of welded plate girders should in general consist of a single plate
rather than two or more plates superimposed. The single plate may romprise a series
of shorter plates, laid end to end and butt welded at their junctions.
Unstiffened cover pla tes on riveted girders shall not extend more than 16 times
the thickness of the thinnest outside plate beyond the outer row of rivets connecting
them to the angles. The total cross-sectional area of rover plates of riveted girders
shall not exceed 70 percent of the total flange area.
If the girder is subjected to substantial fluctuations in loading, stiffeners, lateral
plates or other appurtenant material shall not be welded to the tension flange, except
at points where the maximum flange stress is less than hal[ the allowable.
(e) Stiffener••
Bearing stiffeners shall be placed in pairs on the webs of plate girders at unframed
ends and at points of concentrated loads. Such stiffeners shall have a close bearing
against the loaded flanges, and shall extend as closely as possible to the edge of the
flange plates or flange angles. They shall be designed as columns subject to the provi·
sions of Section 15 (a); assuming the column section to comprise the pair of stiffeners
and a centrally located strip of the web equal to not more than 25 times its thickness
at interior stiffeners or a strip equal to not more than 12 times its thickness when the
stiffeners are located at the end of the web. The column length shall be taken as not
less than ~ of the length of the stiffeners in computing the ratio I( r. Only that portion
of the stiffener outside of the angle fillet or the flange-ro-web welds shall be considered
effective in bearing. Angle bearing stiffeners shall not be crimped.
...
298
A. I. S. C. S P EC I F I CAT I O N
(f) Splice..
Web splices in plate girden and in beams shall be proportioned to transmit the
full shearing and bending stresses in the web at the point of splice. Web splices in
welded girden shall preferably be complete penetration butt welds.
If the tlanges are spliced, the splices shall either develop the full effective strength
of the material or they shall develop the strength required by the total stresses, but
in no case shaH the strength developed be less than 50 percent of the effective strength
of the material spliced, nor shall butt-welded joints be only partially welded.
shall not exceed the value of 24,000 pounds per square inch allowed in Section 15 (a).
The governing formulas shaJl be
R
For interior loads -:-;0:;-'7-;;;:;- - not over 24,000
t(N+2k)
R
For end-reactions -,-=~--,-~ - not over 24,000
t eN + k)
where
R - concentrated interior load or end reaction. in pounds.
t - thickness of web, in inches.
N - length of bearing, in inches.
k - distance from outer face of flange to web toe of fillet, in inches.
(a) Separator••
Where two or more rolled beams or channels are used to form a girder, they shall
be connected together at intervals of not more than 5 feet. Through-bolts and separ-
ators may be used provided that in beams having a depth of 12 inches or more, no
fewer than 2 bolts shail be used with each separator. When ooncentrated loads are
carried from one beam to the other, or distributed between the beams, diaphragms
shall be used, designed with sufficient stiffness to distribute the load. Where beams
are exposed, they shall be sealed aga inst corrosion of interior surfaces, or spaced suffi-
ciently far apart to pennit cleaning and painting.
( b) Tention Member •.
Tie plates shall be used to secure the parts of tension members built up from
plates or shapes. They shall have a length not less than two-thirds of the length
specified for tie plates in compression members. Otherwise they shaH confonn to the
requirements of Section 28 (a).
(. ) Erection.
Required camber of trusses &hall be shown on the erection diagram. H camber
involvel the erection of any member under a straining force, this thall be noted on the
erection diagram.
PART V. FABRICATION
"
302
A. I. S. C. S PECIFICATI O N
(d ) Planinl' of Ed,.,.
Planing or finishing of sheared edges of plates or shapes, or of edges gaKUt with
a mechanically guided torch, will not be required unless specifically called for on the
drawings. or included in a stipulated edge preparation for welding.
brushing, may remain. A light film of linseed oil may be disregarded. Joint surfaces
shall be free from fins and tears. Preparation of edges by gas cutting shall, wherever
practicable, be done with a mechanically guided torch.
(k ) Welded Co n atruction-A..emblin".
Parts t o be fillet welded shall be brought in as dose contact as practicable and
in no event shall be separated more than ~ inch. If the separation is ~ inch or
greater, the size of the fillet welds shall be increased by the amount of the separation.
The separation between faying surfaces of lap joints shall not exceed ~ inch. The
fit of joints at contact surfaces which are not completely sealed by welds, shall be close
enough to exclude water after paintinl!.
Abutting parts to be butt welded shall be carefully aligned. Misalignments
greater than ~ inch shall be rorrected and. in making the correction, the parts shall
not be drawn into a sharper slope than two degrees (~ inch in 12 inches).
The work shall be JX)Sitioned for flat welding whenever practicable.
In assembling and joining parts of a structure or of built-up memben. the pro-
cedure and sequence of welding shall be such as will avoid needless distortion and
minimize shrinkage stresses. Where it is impossible to avoid high residual stresses
in the closing welds of a rigid assembly. such closing welds shaH be made in compression
elements.
In the fabricat ion of cover-plated beams and built·up memben. all shop splices
til each component part shall be made before such component part is welded to other
parts of the member.
No welding shall be done when the temperature of the base metal is lower than
0" F. At temperatures between 32° F. and 0" F .• the surface of all areas within three
inches of the point where a weld is to be started. shaH be heated to a temperature at
least warm to the hand before welding is started.
When welds are being made in parts thicker than lJi inches. the temperature of
the base material adjacent to the ",elding shall be at least 70' F.
em ) We ldinI"
The technique of welding employed. the appearance and quality of welds made.
and the methods used in correcting defective work shall conform to the "Code for
Arc and Gas Welding in Building Construction" of the American Welding Society.
Section 4-Workmanship.
All romplete-penetrution butt welds. except when produced with the aid of
backing material or welded in the nat position from both sides in square-edge material
not more than ~ inch thick with root opening not less than one· half the thickness of
the thinner part joined. shall have the root of the initial layer gouged or chipped out
on the back side before welding is started from that side. and shall be so welded as to
secure sound metal and romplete fusion throughout the entire intended cross section.
Butt welds made with the use of a backing of the same material as the base metal
shall have the weld metal thoroughly fused with the backing material. Backing
strips may be removed by means of gas cutting. after welding is rompleted. provided
no injury is done to the base and weld metal and the weld surface is left flush or slightly
ronvex, with full throat thickness.
(0 ) F ini. hinr.
Compression joints depending upon contact bearing shall have the bearing
surfaces machined to a common plane a fter the membeB are completed,
(p ) Lacinr &r.,
The ends of lacing ban shall be nea t and free from b\lJT8.
(q ) Tolerance • .
Finished members shall be true to line and free from twists, bend! and open jointa.
Compression members may have a latera1 variation not greater than 1/1000 of
the axial length between points which are to be laterally supported.
A variation of ~ inch is permissible in the overall length of membeB with both
ends milled.
Members without milled ends ..... hich are to be framed to other steel parts of the
structure may have a variation from the detailed length not greater than ~ inch for
members 30 feet or less in length, and not greater than ~ inch for members over 30
feet in length.
(r ) Ca.tin,• .
Steel castings shall be annealed.
(a ) Shop Coat,
After inspection and approval and before leaving the shop, all steel work shall be
thoroughly cleaned, by effective means, of all loose mill scale, rust, spatter, stag or
flux deposit, oil, dirt and other foreign matter. Except where encaged in amcrete,
and n:cepting edges and surfaoe area! adjacent to edges, to be field welded, all steel
work shall be given one coat of approved metal protection, applied thoroughly and
evenly and well worked into the joints and other open spaces. All paint shall be
applied to dry surfaces.
(d ) Fini. h ed Surface•.
Machine-rmished surfaces shall be protected against corrosion by a suitable
coating.
SECTION 1. CENERAL.
(. ) Scope.
The rules and practices hereinafter defined are adopted by the American Institute
of Steel Construction as standard for the industry and shall govern all conditions
relating to the use of CIa5s "A" Structural Steel, unless the contract between the
Buyer and Seller specifies otherwise.
(. ) Pdented [h,yice•.
The Seller shall not be responsible for claims arising (rom the use of patented
designs. devices or partS shown on the Buyer's plans or called for by the specifications
furnished by the Buyer, but the Seller shall protect the Buyer against claims arising
from the use of patented designs, devices or partS proposed by the Seller.
Rivets and bollS sold on a delivered basis for field connections, as follows:
1. The Scller shalt furnish sufficient rivets of suitable size, plus at least
10 per cent to cover waste, for all field connections of steel to steel which
are designated as riveted field connections.
2. The Seller shall furnish sufficient bolts of suitable size, plus 5 per cent to
cover waste, for all field connections of steel to steel which are designated
to be bolted.
3. In cage! where materials in excess of minimum requirements are furnished
to provide for waste or loss, all unused material remaining after com-
pletion of the work shall be the property of the Seiter and be returned to
him.
Separalon, angles. tees. cliJ)B. bracing and detail fitLings in connection with
structural steel frame
Suspended ceiling supports of structural shapes 3 inches or greater in depth
Tie and sag rods
Tru....
Unless specifically agreed to as part of the contract steel or iron items which are
essentially required for t he assembly or erection of ma terials supplied by other trades
will not be furnished. even though shown on the plans as being fastened to the struc-
tural steel.
When conditions make it possible to award contracts on a lump sum basis the
confusion o f determining weights will be avoided. Scale weights involve a variation
which frequently leads to a compromise based on calculated weights.
The rules hereinafter established. while not giving exact weights, are the basis
upon which the Seller will make a lump sum or a pound price bid and they eliminate
the necessity of increased cost of shop drawing! and other refinements of manufacture
which would very materially increase costs if exact weights were required.
W.iCht..
The weight of steel shall be assumed at 0.2833 pound per cubic inch and that of
cast iron as O.26CW pound per cubic inch.
Stru ctural steel and iron sold at a unit price per pound, hundred weight (100
pounds) or ton (2000 pounds) shall be invoil%d on the calculated weights of shapes.
plates, bars, castings, rivets. bolts, and weld metal based on the detailed shop drawings
and shop bills of material which show actual dimensions of materials used- as follows:
Dimensions:
The weight will be figured on the basis of rectangular dimensions for all
plates, and ordered overall lengths for all structural shapes from which the re-
Quired material is cut, with nodeductioru for copes, clips, aheared edges, punchinga,
borings, milling or planing. When parts can be economically cut in multiples
from material of larger dimension, the calculated v.-eight shall be taken as that
of the material from which the parts are cut. All the materia! shall be ordered
as economically as possible in confonnity with the suppliers' standards o f cutting
dimensions.
Over-run, as follov.'S:
l. T o the nominal. theoretical weight of all plates or slabs will be added
one-hair the allowance for over-weight, in accordance with the applicable
table in Specification A-7 of the American Society for Testing Mat.erials.
2. To the nominal theoretical weight of checkered plates will be added the
allowance for over-weight in accordance with the publi!lhed weights of
the manufacturers.
3. The calculated weights of castings shall be the weights determined from
the detail drawings of the pieces including standard fillets [or such pieces.
To this an average over-run o f 10 per cent shall be added.
"'This is based on the usual practice of ordering material from the rolling mills to the
nearest available dimensions. When material, obtained from local lOurces. involves unusual
waste, special terms of contract shall be agreed upon.
Rivets, 35 folloW's:
1. The weight of shop riveta will be based on the weights shown in the
following table:
Rivets )i" in diameter 20 pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets ~" in diameter 30 pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets ~"in diameter 50 pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets }i" in diameter 100 pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets 1 "in diameter ISO pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets l ).i" in diameter 250 pounds per 100 rivets
Rivets lU" in diameter 325 pounds per 100 rivets
2. Field rivets and bolts shall be invoiced at their actual weight.
Painting and Galvanizing:
A percentage of the theoretical weight of the material protected shall be
added as follows:
One-half of 1 per cent for each shop coat of paint.
One-fourth of I per cent (or each coat of oil.
3).i per cent for galvanizing by hot d ipping.
Arc Welding Electrodes. 3S follows:
The weight of shop and field welds ....·iIl be based on the gross weight of elec-
trode required to lay the weld. calculated as follows:
1. For standard equal-leg fillet welds, the weighta of electrodes shall be
calculated in accordance with the following table.
WEIGHTS FOR STANDARD F I L L ET WE L DS
.08 Jl9
.15 .17
.25 .28
.36 .40
.50 .55
.83 .91
1.25 1.40
1.75 1.95
2.35 2.60
3.00 3.30
• Weld ICl\Ilh IIV than 32 timel Ihe Iptclfltd tiR.
t N~t Iwlth u called for on the drawlnp. uclualve
of IlII";1II and Itoppinl ends.
2. For unequal-leg fillet welds, the weight corresponding to the smaller leg,
in the above table. shall be multiplied by the ratio of the longer leg to
the smaller leg.
3. For all groove welds, the weight of electrode shall be calculated by adding
100% to the .....eight baged upon the net theoretical .....eld CfOS!I section and
length. The net theoretical volume of a SQuare groove weld with zero
root opening will be calculated as if ~" open.
viously impossible for the Seller to maintain records of heat or blow numbers of every
pieceof material in his stock, and the same shall not be required if all his stock purchases
are made under an established specification as to grade and Quality.
(b) Whenever a shop maintains such a practice in carrying a stock of material.
it is deemed good practice to Permit the use of such stock material in its fabricating
operations whenever the shop desires to do so. instead of ordering items from the
mill for a specific operation. Stock materials bought under no particular specifications.
or under specifications less rigid than those mentioned above, or stock material which
has not been subject to mill or other recognized test reports, shall not be used, except
as noted in paragraph (e), without the approval of the Buyer and then only under
rigid inspection.
(e) It is permitted to use unidentified stock material free from surface im-
perfections for short sections of minor importance or for BJIlaU unimportant details,
where the quality of the material could not affect the strength of the structure.
SECTION 7. ERECTION.
(a ) Method of Ereclion.
The Seller shall base his price on the most eamomical method of erection, am-
sistent with the plans and specifications and such information as may have been
furn ished prior to the execution of the c:onlract, and the interposition of erection
conditions other than those specified or agreed in the c:ontract, shalJ entitle the Seller
to an addition to the contract price to c:ompensate for such changes.
(b) Foundationa, Piera, and Abutment..
The Buyer shall be responsible for the location, strength and suitability of the
foundations, piers, and abutments.
Before the date set for starting erection the Buyer shall complete and have ready
all foundations, piers and abutments accessible and free from obstructions.
(c) Buildin&, Line. and Bench Mark..
Building lines and bench marks at the site of the structure shall be accurately
located by the Buyer, who shall furnish the steel erector a plan c:ontaining all such
information.
Cd ) Steel and Ca.t Iron BaHa.
All stee.! grillage. rolled steel. bearing plates, cast iron or steel bases, ahall be set
and wedged or shimmed by the steel erector to grade or level lines. which shall be
determined and fixed by the Buyer, \\'he shalt grout all such parts in place. Before
grouting the Buyer shall check the grades and levels of the parts to be grouted, and
shall be responsible [or the accuracy of the same. For steel c:olumns or girders witll
bases fabricated as an integral part of the member the foundation shall be finished to
exact grade and level. ready to receive the steel 'iIi'Ork 80 that shims or wedges shall not
be required for plumbing or leveling of steel work.
0) LooN Lintel ••
Loose lintels or pieces of all kinds and descriptions required by the design of a
building to carry brick work over openings. and which can be set without a motor
hoisting apparatus, and which lintels or pieces are not attached in any way to the
rest of the steel structure. and cannot be placed except as the masonry work advances.
will not be erected by the steel erector unleM by special argeement.
( I) Field Auemblinl"
The size of assembled pieces of structural steel may be limited by the permissible
weight and clearance dimensions of transportation. Unless otherwise directed by the
Buyer, the Seller shall provide for such field connections as will require the least field
work; and such field connections shall be a part of the erection work.
(m ) Cuttinr. Drillin& a nd Patchin,.
The Seller shall not be required to cut, drill or patch the work of others, or his
own work for the accommodation of other lrades, except at the Buyer's expense, unless
such cutting, drilling or patching of the steel for the accommodation of other trades as
shall be specified as part of the Seller's work shall be shown on the plans !lO that it
may be done at the time of fabrication or paid for as extrn work. The number, size
and location of any tapped holes shall be given at the time of the signing of the con-
tract or be paid {or as extra work.
(p ) p . intin, _
The shop coat of paint is a priming coat and the Seller shall not be responsible for
the condition of the paint after it has been delivered to the common carrier.
Unless specifically agreed, the field painting and the touching up of abrasions in
the shop coat shall not be included in the contract.
In the absence or any such agreement between the Buyer and Seller, the following
are listed as proper items to be included.
(b ) Material.
All extra material required shall be invoiced at current .....arehous.e prices, plus
administrative overheads.' The Bum of these charges shall be considered the actual
cost, to which shall be added ten per cent for profit.
(d ) S hop Work.
All extra shop labor ahall be charged at actual cost as shown by the lime cards;
to this shaJl be added the regular overheads.' The sum of these charges shall be con-
sidered the actual shop cost, to which shall be added ten per cent for profit.
(f) Mi Kellaneou•.
Any additional OO5t, such as handling, hauling, painting, crating, freight. etc.,
shall be charged at actual cost, plus regular overheads.· The sum of these charges
&hall be considered the actual additional cost, to which shall be added ten per cent
for profit.
( &') Overtime.
On rontract work where the Seller has not agre«!. to work overtime. he shall not
be req uired to do 110 without being paid for his extra expense and a profit.
(h ) Eatra Cleanin&,.
If because of c:ontinued storage, or for any other feallOn not the fau1t of the Seller,
it heromes necessary to dean and repaint the steel work, the cost of this additional
cleaning and painting shall be paid for as an extra, including regular overhead charges,
plus ten per cent for profit.
(. ) Con flict •.
In the event of a conflict between the terms and conditions of the proposal, or
contract. and the terms and conditions lltated in the plans and specifications, the
tenns of the proposal or contract shall govern.
(.) Term ••
The following tenns of payment are adopted as standard and shall govern in all
calleS, except when otherwiie agreed to in the contract.
1. All payments shall be made in funds CUrTent at par in the Federal Reserve
Bank District in which the principal office of the Seller is located.
2. For all materials for export, net cash in exchange for shipping documents
shall be required.
3. For all materials to be erected by the Seller. the Buyer shall on the 10th
day of each month pay an amount equal to not less than 90 per cent o( the contrnct
value of all materials shipped, stored or ready for shipment; and not less than 90
per cent of the contract value of the erection perfonned during the preceding
month; and shall pay the remainder within 30 days after the completion of the
steel contract; but the amount reserved by the Buyer shall at no time exceed
double the oontrnct value of the work remaining to be done.
4. For a contract on delivered ",,'Ork, tenns shall be net cash for the contract
value of each shipment ; payment to be made on the 10th day of the month (0]·
lowing shipments.
5. Should the Buyer fail to pay as agreed, then the Seller may suspend the
work until such payment is made and satisfactory guarantee given that fu ture
payments will be made as agreed.
6. Unless otherwise agreed to, when material is 801d delivered at, or freight
is allowed to destination, the Buyer &hall pay freight charges and the Seller shall
accept receipted freight bills as cash to apply on matured payments due on or
after" arrival at destination of materials covered by such freight expen!ll! bills.
7. Payments shall all be considered to be due and shall be paid at the time
specified, regardless of the final settlement for the structure as a whole, or for the
work of any other trade: and when the contract is with a general contractor the
payment for steel shall not be delayed by such general contractor pending his
receiving estimates of payment! from the owner.
8. Amounts past due shall bear interest at the maximum lawful rate.
STANDARD DOCUMENTS
STANDAR D PROPOSAL CONTRACT
To:..
(hereinafter called the Buyer) and
1. This proposal is oITered for acceptance within. ...........................•.. _._ .....days from
date after which date it is subject to oonfirmation by the Seller.
2. In pound price proposals the weights shall be figun!d in acooniance with the
A. I. S. C. Code of Standard Practice.
3. This proposal is for Class .. A" Structural Steel as defined by the A. I. S. C. Code
of Standard Practice as revised to date hereof. Unless specifically noted in the typewritten
aection above, this proposal does not include any other material; cost of inspection; cost
of bonds; sand blasting or name cleaning of the sted before shop painting; cutting, patching
or repairing of masonry or any other materials, grouting or other concrete work; field
measurements; any present or future tax ba~ on the sale, use or contract pritt of lhe
materials covered hereby.
4. The dates given for shipment, erection or completion of the work covered by this
proposal are based on the follo'l\ing conditions: Within two (2) days from the acceptance
of this proposal the Buyer shall furnish the Seller pians and specifications containing all
information necessary to order material cut to correct lengths and prepare shop drawings,
authority to place mill orders from these plans and specifications and all necessary priorities,
export iicen9CS or olher similar items. All drawings submitted by the Seller to the Buyer
for approval shall be returned by the Buyer, marked "approved" or "approved as cor-
rttted ", within seventy·two (72) hours after lheir receipt by lhe Buyer.
5. The amount of any present or future taJ: based on the sale, use or contract price
of lhe materials covered hereby shall be added to any prices named herein, and shall be
paid by the Buyer to the Seller when billed. Notice of assessment to the Seller by the
governmental authority administering such law that a tax is imposed, ,hall be binding
on the Buyer.
320
A. L S. C. CO D E OF STA ND A RD P R AC TI CE
6. H the Buyer furnishes shop details. they are to be complete with assembly marks
and bills of material in accordance with our standard practice. Seven (7) sets will be
required.
8. The place of fabrication. the routing and method of shipment, the place or price
of purchase, of all or any part of the material to be included hereunder shaH be at the sole
discretion of the SeHer.
9. The SeUer shall be excused for delays in the performance in whole or in part of
any contract made on the basis of this proposal resul ting in whole or in part from any cause
beyond the control of the Seller including but not limited to fire, earthquake, flood or
windstorm; strikes, lockouts or other differences with employees; war, riot or embargoes;
delays, losses, or damages in transportation; or shortage of cars, fuel, labor or material.
In case of the happening of any such cause of delay, the time of completion shall be ex-
tended accordingly.
10. In all particulars not specifically covered herein, acceptance of this proposal is
an acknowledgment of knowledge of, and binds both Buyer and SeUer to all provisions of
the Code of Standard Practice of the American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. as
revised to date hereof.
11 . ERECTED WORK: Proposals which include erection are based on the fol·
lowing additional conditions:
•. The Seller shall indemnify the Buyer against loss or expense by reason of the
liability imposed upon the SeUer by law for damages resulting from death of or
injury to penlOns or destruction of property. except damage to or destruction of
property by fire. lightning, flood , earthquake or windstorm, occasioned by the
prosecution of the work hereunder to the extent that such death, injury or damage
shall have been due to any negligent act or omission by the Seller or by his agents
or employees. The cost of insurance covering any other risks not assumed under
this clause shall be added to any prices named herein.
b. Before the date set for starting erection the Buyer shall complete and have ready
all foundations, or other units to which the new steel connects, accessible and free
(rom obstructions; with anchor bolts accurately set in place and aU neressary
lines and levels established. Loose lintels or other pieces not attached to the
steel structure but included in the proposal shall be delh'ered to one place at the
site, and set by others at such time as not to delay the steel erection. The erection
is to be in one continuous operation. We include temporary planking for one
floor (derrick floor only).
12. T HE T ERMS OF PAYMENT quoted below are subject to the approval of the
Seller's Credit Department. Should the Buyer fail to pay as agreed, show evidence of a
ch:inged financial condition or fail to uccute an y of his obligations hereunder, then the
Seller may suspend the work. without prejudice to any claims (or damage the Seller may be
entitled to make until satis(actory terms, amditiona or security are received by the Seller.
• . ERECTED PROPOSALS: The terms of payment are to be as follows : On or
before the last of each calendar month an estimate shall be made by the Seller of
the value of material received and of the work performed up to that time both
at the Seiler's ".-orb and at the site. 90% of such estimate shall be paid on or
before the 10th of the following month. The balance of such estimate shall be
paid within 30 days after completion of the work covered herein. T he retained
percentage shall at no time exceed twice the value of the material and labor
mnaining to be furnished or performed.
b. DELIVERED OR F. O. B. PROPOSALS : For a oontract on delivered work,
terms shall be net cash for the contract value of each shipment: payment to be
made on the 10th day of the month following shipments.
Accepted IL _..
By...
STANDARD DOCUMENTS
STANDARD RELEASE AND INDEMNITY AGREEMENT
a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue o f the laws o f the State of
(hereinafter called the ScUer). for and in considel1ltion of the sum of
dolla~ ($ ), lawful money of the United States. to it in hand paid by
a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of
(hereinafter called the Buyer) as and for the final payment due the Seller
from the Buyer under the certain contract between them dated for
t he receipt whereof i&hereby acknowledged, has remised, released. and forever discharged,
and by these presenlS does for itself, its successors and assigns. remise, release and forever
discharge the said Buyer, its SUcce&SOrs and assigns, o f and from any and :111 claims and
demands whatsoever in law or in equity. which against the said Buyer, the Seller ever had,
now has or which it. or its successors or assigns hereafter can. shall or may have for. upon
or by reason of any matter. cause or thing whatsoever in respect of payments. amounts or
surns due the said Seller for work perfonned or materials furnished under the said oontl'3ct.
And the said Seller hereby covenants and agrees to indemnify and hold hannless the
said Bu}'et and also the owner of the property improyed under the said contrnct. their
respective successors and assigns, from any pecuniary loss arising out of or in respect o f an y
liens or other claims filed or presented for or on account of the wo! k done and materials
furn ished by the Seller under said contrnct or for surety bond or bonds and premiums on
insurance accruing out of the work done and materials furnished by the Seller under said
contract.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Seller has caused this instrument to be signed by its
thereto duly authorized. and has caused its
corpora~ !leal to be hereunto affixed, a ttested by ita Secretary this day of
, 19
By:
Attest:
CORPORATE ACKNOWLEDGMENT
STATE OF
COUNTY OF
Notary Public
INDIVIDUAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT
STATE OF
COUNTY OF
Notary Public
I NT RODUCTI ON
Cold-driven structural rivets of .!-i-inch size and larger. have been used in many
types of structures. both in this country and in Canada. Large, high-strength. alloy-
steel rivets have been successrull y driven cold in certain types of armament subjected
to severe ballistic shock. The principal advantages expected. by its proponents, to be
gained by cold driving are the superior filling of rivet holes, the increased rivelstiffness
due to the cold ...,orking of the rivet metal. and the economies resulting from the elimi-
nation of heating.
There being no general specifications available to guide and protect the users. the
American Institute of Steel Construction in 1940. at the request of the American Insti-
lute of Bolt. Nut and Rivet Manufacturers. appointed a special subcommittee of its
Committee on Technical Research to investigate the use of oold-driven rivets and pre-
pare a specification covering their use.
TENTATIVE SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
COLD RIVETED CONSTRUCTION
( RIVETS 1flI INCH DIAMETER AND LARGER)
SEPTEMBER . 1942.
I, GENERAL
Cold riveted conslrUction shall conform to the present specifications for riveted
..... ork and to the following requirements.
2. RI VETS
Ca> Crade.
Rivets shall be of the same grade as used fot hot riveting, such as ASTM A141
or A31. except that hot made rivets shall not be Quenched, and cold made ri vets shall
be annealed.
( b) Head •.
Button, high-button. or any other American Standard type o f manuf3ctured head
~y be used. If approved b¥ the customer, flat heads may be used having a diameter
l}i times and a minimum height of head ~ times the nominal diameter o f the rivet.
(e) Points.
Rivet points shall be free from shearing cracks. and shall be reasonably square to
prevent bending of the rivet shank during driving.
3. FABRICATtON
(a) Driven Head.
The driven heads of rivets shall be flat head or a modified cone. or other types
within the range of cold riveting as agreed upon between the user and the suppher.
The diameter of the flat head shall be approximately 1M times and the minimum
height of head J.; times the nominal diameter of lhe rivet: "the modified cone head shall
conform to the !ollowing:
~
" 0
I
F~~ '----
~
k:-;,
0
(b ) Rivetin, Pre..ure.
The pressure shall be properly COl\lJ"Olied and sufficient to fonn the specified head,
but not of an amount that will ....'arp or buckle the "" ork.
(c) orivin, Die.
The die for driving the heads aIlall not restrict the free transvene now of metal at
the edge of the head.
(d ) Hole • •
Diameter of hole shall be larger than nominal diameter of rivet by not more than:
~" for ,!.i" to ~"diameter. inclusive; "" above ~".
n - ~/lcl.tion. are In efl'tc:t . ",,,i,1on and CQnoulidation of. and """lace the former
Standard Specifx:ationl for SlftI for 8rid~ (A 7 - 36) and for Steel for BlIildillp
(A 9 · 36). n...lIIuer.po:eificaliono .~ori~nallJ.a adopclOd in 1901 and c:ontlnUftl ..
standard witb variovl fl!VlSioIuo WIlli Uleircom lUI WIth SpKillationi A 71" 1m.
$eope.
1. 11Iege specifications cover carbon-steel aha~, p'iales and bars of structural qual-
ity for use m the construction of bridges an buildings and for general structural
2.
""'""'"
C ..tinal, R i"et Steel, For l in,., Sheet, Strip.
For U5e wi th steel purchased under these specifications, the following standards
of the American Society for Testing Materials shall apply :
.A- Ca) Steel C.,Li n, "
The Tentatiye Specifications for Mild to Medium St.ren~ Carbon-Stecl Castinp
for General AfoplicatlOn (A.S.T.M. Dcstation: A 27) aha I revern
the purchase of
,tee! castinre Of bridges and build~ nleu otherwise apeci ed, grnde B-1 castings,
fully annea ed, ....ith a minimum yie d point of 33,000 psi.• shall be Uged.
( b) Structura l Rive t Steel.
Unless othet'.\ise specified. the Standard Specifications for Structural Rivet Steel
(A. S. T. M. Designation: A 141) &hall govern the purchaJe of ri vets.
(0) For,ln,•.
The Standard Specifications for Carbon·Steel For~ngs for General Industrial Use
~. S. T . M . Desi~tion: A 235). and for Alloy·Steel orging5 for General Industrial
lit (A. S. T . M . ignation : A 237) may al90 be used for forging5.
(d ) Sheet a nd S trip.
Hot rolled sheets and s~ specified to this specification shall be fumishui unless
otherwise specified, to Grade ,minimum tensile stren~th 55,OIXI~i.. of the Tentative
S nlicationa fo~ Lis:ht Gage Structural Quality lat Hot- oiled Carbon Steel
( . S. T. M. Deslgnauon : A 245).
Structural Bolt..
3. Unless otherwise specified, bolts to be employed in,:rmanent amnections between
parts fabrica ted of steel ~urchased under these speci cations shall be subject to the
requirements of Section (8) for minimum tensile stren~ ( to be taken on the area
at root of thread) and to the requirements of Section 10 or oold bend ( to be taken on
the unthreaded portion of the bolt), a. d shall be exempt from further requirements.
Thlckneua, I net!
.....• , • ."" ...
Wld'\hI, I""'*'
--."." ."
... •
."'" .,."
0.2031
..""• ......• ......
0.1875
0.1814
--- -."" --
0.0343
<0
0.01.2
0.0'4'
~,-
."
To 3)1 Incl.._............... Stri p Stri p Strip Strip Sheet Sheet
(N" 3 ~ to 6 incl. Strip Strip Strip Sheet Sheet Sheet
" 6 to 12 " Plate Strip I Strip Strip Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet
" 12 to 32 " Plate Sheet Sheet I Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet e lk. Plaie
" 32 1.48 " Plate Sheet I Sheet Sheet Shoot Sheet Sheet ! Sheet
" 48......__.._.. _... Plate I Plate I Plate Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet --
A M ER ' C A N I N STITU T E 01" S T EEL C O N STRUCT 'ON
327
A. S. T . M . STEEL FOR BRIDGES AND BUILDINGS
Proce ....
5. (a) The steel, except as may be specified in Paragraph (b), shall be made by
either or both of the following processes: open-hearth or electric-furnace.
(b ) Steel for plates and shapes ~ in. and under in thickness, and bars (other
than those for rivets) ~ in. and under in thickness or diameter, intended for use in
buildings and other structures subject to static loads only, may be made by the acid-
besgemer process, unless otherwise specified.
Ladle Analy.i •.
7. (a) An analysis of each melt of open·hearth or electric-furnace steel shall be.
made to determine the percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfu r ;
a190 copper when copper steel is specified.
(b ) A carbon determination. and a copper determination when copper steel is
specified, shall be made o f each mel t of bessemer steel, and determinations for man-
ganese, phosphorus, and sul fur representing the average of the melts applied for each
.."'. poriod.
(0:) The analyses prescribed in Paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be made by the
manufacturer from test Ingots taken during the pouring of the melts. The chemical
composition thus determined shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative,
and the percentages of phosphorus and sulfur. also copper when copper steel is specified.
shall conform to the requirements specified in Section 6.
Chec;:k Analyti t .
8. An analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished material representing
each melt. The phosphorus and sulfur content thus determined shall not exceed that
specified in Section 6 by more than 25 per ccnt.
Tent;l. Propertie• •
9. (a) The material, except as specified in Sections 3 and 4 and Paragraph (b) of
this se<:tion. shall conform to the following requirements as to tensile properties: ) /.
~
)
~
Tensile strength. psi................. _.................. . ,1,1" Or
]I' ~'I,
Yield point, min .• psi..... ___ ......................... .
but in no case less than ..•. ___ ............. _....
Elongation in 8 in., min .. per cent .. ......... _.
(b ) Plates ~ in. in thickness, shapes Jess than 1 sq. in. in cross·section. and ban,
other than flats, less than ~ in. in thickness or diameter need not be subjected to
tension testa.
(e) The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the beam or halt in the
gage of the testing machine.
(d ) For material over ~ in. in thickness or diameter, a deduction from the per-
centage of elongation in 8 in. specified in Paragraph (a) of 0.25 per cent shall be made
for each increase of " in. of the specified thicknesa or diameter above ~ in. to a
minimum of 18 per cent for plates, shapes. and ban.
(e) For material under ~ in. in thickness or diameter, a deduction from the
percentage of elongation in 8 in. specified in Paragraph (a) of 2.00 per cent shall be
made for each decrea!le o f l6 in. of the specified thickness or diameter below " in.
,
I
1.1 .... fIon not .... "'-n
i r~"'''-i
• • oIf'o • • • . ...., ~
aa._ ~"'h
'%o.Ol~
,.., ...._ .. ¢f ~ t
£\ofIpo11oil .tt... f"rao'"''
~T~""'_ dI PI.t.
Bendinr Propertiu.
10. The bend test specimen shall stand being bent cold through ISO deg. without
aaciting on the outside of the bent portion to an inside diameter which shall have the
following relation to the thickness of the specimen:
Ted Specimen•.
I!. (. ) Test specimens shall be prepared for testing from the material in its rolled
or forged condition, except as specified in Paragraph (b).
( b) T est specimens for annealed material shall be prepared from the material as
annealed for use or from a short length of a full section from the same melt similarly
trea ted.
(d) Test specimens for plates. shapes, and flats may be machined to the form
and dimensions mown in Fig. I , or with both edges parallel.
(. ) Tension test specimens {or material over IJ,i in. in thickness or diameter,
except pins and rollers. may be machined to a thickness or diameter of at least ~ in.
for a length of at least 9 in., or they may conform to the dimensions shown in Fig. 2.
(I) Bend teslspecimens for material over 1 ~ in. in thickness or diameter. eJlcept
pins and rollers, may be machined to a thickness or diam~teT of at least ~ in. or to
I by >i in. in section.
( , ) T~nsion t~8t specimens [or pins and rollers shall conform to th~ dimensions
shown in Fig. 2. and bend test specimens shall be I by >i in. in section.
( h ) Test specimens for pins and rollers ahall be taken 80 that th~ axis is I in. (rom
the surface.
(1) The sides of the bend test specim~ns may hav~ the comers rounded to a
radius not over ~ in.
12. (_) Two tension and two bend tests !!hall be made [rom each melt, unless the
fmished material from a melt is less than 30 tons when on~ tension teat and one bend
test ....ill be sufficient. If, bov.'ev~r. material from on~ melt differs ~ in. or more in
thickness. one tension test and on~ bend test shall be made from both th~ thickest and
the thinnest material rolled regardless of the weight represented.
(b) If any test specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws, it may be
discarded and another specimen substituted.
(c) If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen is less than that
specified in Section 9 and any part of the fracture is more than", in. from the center
of the gage length of a 2·in. specimen or is outside the middle third of the gage length
of an 8-in. specimen, as indicated by scribe scratches marked on the specimen before
t esting. a retest shall be allowed.
ud.
-
~,
• ••
li to
~Io 1,
)I.
.. ...
...
4
_3.5
4
4
4
4
4.5
4
5
4.5
6
5
7
7
9
8
10
9
12
11
1 to 2, incl.._. 3.5 3.5 4 4 4 4.5 5 7 8 9
NOlK. P ermi .. ible variationl in .... ei'ht for individual pIau. , h.11l be one and one-third lima the ; moun l5
prCKribcd in W . III.ble.
~irl8d
light, "M
under
0-
48to60,
ucl.
n.
1"1.
o..
ucl. ~o.
... ... ,,..'''. '''.
Plrml .. lble Variation. In Ave"gl WI~ht of Loti for Width. Given, In Inch ..,
."',"
Elp,.l.d In Pereenuge of rder Weight, (Weight per Square Foot)
ro. n"
~:(.
,
~:-. uel.
132to
..cI.
14<4 to
'''. '''M
e.d. .~,
•••• , , , •• , , ,
to 11.~ , e~ c l.
" Non.-Permiosi b\c variation. in .... ~ilht for individum plalet shall be one and _
'" third timet theamounta
~bed in tlLi l table.
'The u.rm "lot" u applied to Tabl~ I mea,," all the p/a lcl of tach iJOUp .... idth and group thickness; II
applied to Table II. it means all the pla tel of n cb (rOlIp width and group w.,ght.
TAB L E II I.
OF PLAT ES OVER ,
P ERMI SS I B L E VAR I A TI O N S OVER OR D ERED T HI CK N ESS
' N. 'N T H I CK N ESS.
,...
Je to 50, Wto84, 14 to \2(1, 12(1 to 132, 132,,,,,_
"""" " ud. ucl. • •d .
Finiah.
14. Ca ) The material shall be. free from injurious defects and shall have a lIIiorkman·
like finish.
(b) Surface imperfections that do not affect the full utility of the pieces shall
not be considered as injurious defects in structural shapes 5i in. or more in thickness.
Such pieces may be processed by the following methods in order to give them a work-
manlike finish:
(I) When the surface imperfections are less than ~ in. in depth, they may be
removed by grinding.
(2) When the surface imperfections are ~ in. or more in depth, the pieces may
be subjected to chipping and ....'eiding under limiting conditions as follows:
The cross-sectional area of any piece shall not be reduced more than 1.5 per cent
at any point. nor shall the total area of the chipped surface of any piece exceed 2 per
cent of the total surface area of that piece.
After any imperfection has been completely removed. the maximum depth Qf
depression shall not exceed the following:
Thick_of ~hofDe.
Material. in . p , rNOK •• in .
'" up to K ..... _. -
............ , ........ ..
~ up to L. __
1 up to l}(.
- - ._.. ..__--- .. )i
'"
l}( up to 2}(..
".-
..
2M up to 3~.......... _.• _._._ .......... _...... _. __ ._ .. _.. _. ... _.
)i
'"
"
.....
An exper ienced mill inspectOr shall inspect the work after the chipping operation
to lief: that the defects have been completel y removed and that the limitations specified
above have not been exceeded. The inspector repregellting the purchaser shall be
given full opportunity to make th is same inspection. All welding shall be done by
qualirted welders using suitable coaled welding rods. The welds shall be sound; lhe
weld metal being thOiOughly fused on all surfaces and edges without undercutting or
overlap. Weld metal shall project at least ~ in. above the rolled surface after weld ing,
and the projeeting metal shall be removed by grinding or by chipping and grinding to
make it flush with the rolled surface and produce a workmanlike finish.
Markini"
15. The name or brand of the manufacturer and the melt number shall be legibly
stamped or rolled on all finished material, except that lattice bars and other small
sections shall. when loaded for shipment. be properly separated and marked for identi-
fication. The identificat ion marks shall be legibly stamped on the end of each pin
and roller. T he melt number shall be legibly marked, by stamping if practicable, on
each test specimen .
In l pection.
16. The inspector representing the pl.\rchaser shall have free entry, at all times while
work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manu-
facturer's works which concern the manufacture of the material ordered . The manu-
facturer shall afford the inspector. withou t charge, all reasonable facilities to satisfy
him that t he material is being furnished in accordance with these specifications. All
tests (except check analysis) and inspection shall be made at the place of ma nufacture
prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted as not to
interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.
Rejec tion .
17. (a) Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on tests made in accordance
with Section 8 shall be reported to the manufacturer within five working days from
the receipt of samples by the purchaser.
(b) Materia l which shows injurious defects subsequent to its acceptance at the
manufacturer's works will be rejected. and the maO\lfacturer shall be notified .
Rehearin,.
18. Samples tested in accordance wi th Section 8 that represent rejected material
shall be preserved for two weeks from the date of the test report. In case of dissatis·
faction with the resul ts of the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing
within that time.
Sc:ope.
1. These specifications cover 80ft carbon steel for rivets for stIUctural purposes.
PrO(:e...
2. TIle steel shall be made by either or both of the following processes: open-health
or e1ecuic-furnace.
Check Analy.i •.
5. An analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished material representing
each melt. The phosphorus and su](ur content thus determined shall not exceed that
specified in Section 3 by more than 25 per cent.
Bendin,. Properties.
7. The bend test specimen shan stand being bent cold through 180 deg. flat on itself
without cracking on the outside of the bent portion.
Tut Specim e n • .
8. Cal Test specimens shall be of the full diameter of the bars as ro\1ed.
( b) Tension and bend test specimens for rivet bars which have been cold-drawn
shall be nonnalized before testing.
Number of Teat..
9. (a) One tension test and one bend test shall be made from each melt; except
that if bars from one melt differ ~ in. or more in diameter, one tension and one bend
test shall be made from both the greatest and least diameters rolled.
(b) If any test specimen develops flaws, it may be discarded and another speci-
men substituted.
(e) If the percentage of elongation of any tension test specimen is less than
that specified in Section 6 (a) and any part of the fracture is outside the middle third
of the gage length, as indicated by scribe scratches marked on the specimen before
testing. a retest shall be allowed.
Finiah .
11. The bars shall be free from injurious de(ects and shall have a workmanlike finish.
Markina-.
12. Rivet bars shall, when loaded for shipment. be properly IICparatoo and marked
with the name or brand of the manufacturer and the melt number for identification.
The melt number shall be legibly marked on each test specimen.
13. The inspector representing the purchaser shall have free entry. at all times while
work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manu-
lacturer's works which concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manu-
facturer shall afford the inspector. without charge, all reasonable facilities to satisfy
him that the material is being furnished in accordance with thelle specifications. All
tests (except check analysis) and in5pe(:tion shall be made at the place of lT1!ll\ufacture
prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified. and shall be 90 conducted 3S not to inter·
fere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.
Rejection.
14. (.) Unless otherwige specified, any rejtttion based on tests made in accordance
with Section 5 shall be reported to the manufacturer within five working days from the
receipt of samples by the purchaser.
(b) Material which shoW! injurious defttts subsequent to its acceptance at the
manufacturer', v.'Orks will be rejected, and the manufacturer shall be notified.
Rehearin;-.
15. Samples tested in accordance with Section 5 that represent rejected material
shall be preserved for two V.-eekl from the date of the test report. In case of dissatis-
faction with the results of the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing
within that time.
A. I. S . C .
RECOMMENDED FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES.
MINIMUM REQ UIREMENTS.
A ND
TENTATIVE STANDARD
WELDED CONNECTIONS
FOR BUILDINGS
The use of the arc welding process plays an increasing part in the fabrication of
structural steel buildings:
(a ) as an aid to shop assembling processes ("tack welding"),
( b) as the final method of joining parts for transfer of stresses, in shop or
field ('·strength-welding").
The art of designing and detailing for the safe and economical employment of
strength-welding is a relatively new and changing one; the economy of a welded struc-
ture as compared with a riveted or riveted-and-bolted one, is as yet a subject not for
general statements but for estimate of the individual case.
In 1938 the Board of Directors o f the American Institute of Steel Construction
appointed a committee to formulate a statement of fundamental principles, minimum
requirements, and recommendations for standard welded connections for tier buildings.
Alter careful study this committee concluded that the subject was not sufficiently
stabilized to justify issuing complete standard details; but it evolved certain tentative
minimum requirements and reoommended tentative typical details which are shown on
the three pages which follow.
The recommendations of this committee are largely re1\ected. together with those
of the American Welding Society's Committee on Building Codes. in the several portions
of the A.I.S.C. Specification (pp. 275 to 305) which apply to welded design and oon·
struction. It is therein prescribed that heavily coated electrodes, only, may be used.
It is understood that all of the requirements of that specification are to be followed in
the calculating, the detailing and the execution of welded structures.
The general question of rigidity or l1exibility of oonncctions is of primary im·
portance in welded design, and is to be determined by the designer and not by the
detailer. The designer should determine whether the connections are to be rigid or
flexible and indicate this on the design drawings, preferably by sketches. Except as
otherwise indicated by the designer, beam-te-column connections are to be d~igned as
flexible: the beam connections recommended on page 338 are of a flexible type which
will permit the beams to rotate sufficiently to accommodate their deflections under
load.
The typical details which foJlow are presented as a general guide to designers. It
is hoped that a more expanded treatment. including sizes and capacities, can be presented
at an early date.
Flongc or Web
t "
"
2-PLATE OR TEE BRACKETS CARRYING ECCENTRIC LOADS
n" ItHC:~~
v
war
liAS[ W!lOtO TO COLUMN
AT SHOP eASt fLATU SHrPP[O SEPARATE
TYPICAL DETAILS OF COLUMN BAS ES- TIER BLDGS.
Plat
.",-
fA f"1fI'" Wol~ If PI_Ie
;. II""",,, , _
'±!!'::~;:::+_stc.nOM A·A
StCTloN O' D
WELDED JOINTS
"J't
., .. Jf-qb.
Root need be d-Irpped
l~rl! weI jng second ..
~ to
IT I
S{tof
t Trn in .
MOJO\.T . i,"
OPEN SQUARE.· BUTT JOINT
WELDED 80TH SIDES
I T L .:s,. il I I .L..l T I
0'01'-' ll?~ tor ~tot~ " m ':-o"to i"
In .
d:;min. ~wl!I ... e~ for.
orlzont'Ci positron.
SI NGLE.-V SUTT JOINT SIN GLE BE.VEL BUTT JOINT
WEL.DED 80TH SIDES WELDED 80TH SIDES
T -unl imlhd
r~.. .,n;.tot"
T- unlim l ....d 4S,"1'?I1
r~to"
,
I T ~, j/ I j T f I
- .)....I.... ,..
r;:m in. Lower cd9!! ~ -l..;; min .
ho.-izont oil position.
SINGLE -V eU TT JOINT, WEL.DED SINGLE. !!lEVEL SUTT JOINT, W ELOED
ONE. SIDE ON BACKING STR.UCTURE. ONE SIDE ON ~ ACKJ NG STR,UCTURL
T- unl im ihd
{~ r ..·.of
T- unlimited F
.- r~ '01'
t '" j :~dto~
,
• ~to 3'
+I " ,
/-' ,
.
o'to~
c ~tor
-
D OUB LE-V e.uTT .JOINT
l m ;n . _ - -Ii min.
OOUBLE BEVEL 8UTT JOINT
WELDED JOINTS
T_unlimihd ~''!.
""toi"
I t i Tmln.
jt r !
I T
T '; r-~to "
I
e:ffKtive Th~Th lckne 5"lT II ,. L o'to1'
~hmln.
MQlX. T-:l: '
Effedive Throat Thlc;kne" • iT
OPEN SQUARE.-BUTT JOINT
WEL.DED ONE. SIDE. SINGLE.-V BUTT JOINT
WELDED ONE SIDE
T-unlrmiN:d
I f U;S;oT~
I t MOllt.Effed-ive Fill.t oT·Ji
Lower edge fo;t;"dfJ. 6 mj~dto I'
horizontal position
E{hch ve Thf"'OOrThiclc.nen'! T ~
T , OhOIl'd
sac;t,on
SINGLE BEVEL BUTT JOI N T ",
WELDED ONE SIDE
( 5T. ';in. y
q .707T
not leu thon I
5 -0 5 ~uired Mc:uc. Effed-ive FJllet • T
OOUBLE. FILLET W ELOED
LAP JO INT EDGE FILLET WELDS
SEI!: A . I . S . C . S PEC . SECT. U (c) SEE A. I . s . c . SPtC. StCT . 2A (d )
The aboVl \olntl are acc:eptd without qual1f1catlon under tho A. W. 8. Cod, and under A. I.
8. C. SpKlftcat on Sect . Z4 (b) •
• AMERICAN IN ST . T UTI: 01'" S T EEL CONSTRUCT I O N
342
WELDING SYMBOLS
..--... ~ I I V V IV IJ 'V
LOCATION OF WELDS
• 0 -
ARR.OW (OR. NEAR.) OTH ER. (OR. FAR.) BOTH SIDES
SIDe. OF JOINT 510~ OF JOINT OF JOINT
5£E FIELD ~NCLUOEO ANGLE, ,\'Zt. WELD ALL
~R.EMEt'lT~ AROUN~
\;:s~ 'i~~L< ;~Q<z;!r~ J[) ~N7~ !
15EE ~ OFFS~~PITCHOF
<-5
Lfi
SIZ;t;LUSH
fi
£SIZE
( t ROOT
512.E OPENING NOTES STAGGEltEO I)..ICR.IOMENTS
L THE SIDE OF" THE JOINT TO WHICH THE ARROW PO I NTS IS THE
ARROW (OR NEAR) SIDE AND THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE JOINT
IS THE OTHER tOR FAR ) SIDE.
t. ARROW SIDE AND OTHER SIDE WELDS ARE SAME SIZE UNLESS
OTHERWISE SHOWN .
The above symbols were developed by American Welding Society for incor-
poration on drawings specifying arc or gas welding. For more detailed instruction in
the use of these symbols refer to "Welding Symbols and Instructions for Their U9C",
published by American Welding Society.
These symbols do not explicitl y provide for the case that frequently occurs in
structural work, where duplicate material (such as stiffeners) occurs on the fa r side of
a web or gusset plate. The fabricating industry has adopted this convention; that
when the billing of the detail material discloses the identity of far side with near side.
the welding shown (or the near side shall al90 be duplicated on the far side.
Aparttnenthou~: Hotels:
Private apartmenta................. 40 Guest room!. ........ ................... . 40
Public stairway'-.... _................ 100 Corridors serving public rooms 100
Assembly halls: Public rooms...... _.................... . 100
Fixed seats... _____ ..................... 60
Movable seats........................ 100 Loft buildings.... _........................ . 125
Corridors, upper fIoors. __ .. _..... 100 Manufacturing. Iight.................. . 125
Corridors:
First floor ..... _. __ ....................... 100 Office buildings:
Other floors, same as occu- Offices...... ____ .... ................... . 80
pancy served CJl:cept as LobbiC8. ................................... . 100
mdicated Schools:
COurtrooms. .................................. . 80 Classrooms.............................. 40
Dance halls......... _..•........... _......... 100 COrridors............................. _... 100
Dining rooms, public.....•............. 100 Stores.................... _...................... . 125
Dwelling5._................................... 40
Hospitals and asylums: Theatres:
Operating rooms, ...• __ .............• 60 Aisles, corridors, and lobbies.. 100
Private rooms........................... 40 Orchestra fIoor.. .............. _...... 6G
Wards. ..................... _............... 40 Balconies. .................... _......... .. 60
Pu blic space........................... . 80 Stage floor ................................. 150
CONCENTRATED LOADS
In the design of floors, consideration shall be given to the effects of known or
probable concentrations of load to which they may be subjected. Floors shall be
desi~ed to carry the specified distributed loads, or the following minimum amcen-
tratlOns. whichever may produce the greater stresses. The indicated concentrations
shall be assumed to occupy areas 2}<2 feet square and to be 90 placed as to produce
maximum stresses in the affected members.
Floor Sct.ee
Office floors, including corridors...............•.... 2,000 lb.
Maximum wheel load
¥::J~g·space·wii.hT~·b·~·fidfni·.::~~=::::::=::=: Maximum wheel load
A ME R ICA N IN ST ITU T E OF STEEl,. CON STRUCT I O N
344
PARTIAL LOADING
When the construction is Buch that the structural elements thereof act together
in the nature of an elastic frame due to their continuity and the ri~dity of the 000-
nections. and the live load exceeds 150 pounds per square foot or twlce the dead load.
the effect of partial live load such as will produce maximum stress in any member
shall be provided for in the design.
IMPACT LOADS
The live loads tabulated above may be assumed to include a sufficient allowance
to cover the effects of ordinary impact. For special occupancies and loads involving
unusual impacts, such as those resulting from moving machinery, elevators, craneways,
vehicles. etc .. provision shall be made by a suitable ina-ease in the assumed live load.
REDUCTION OF LIVE LOAD
<a) No reduction shall be applied to the roof live load.
(b) For live loads of 100 pounds or less per square foot. the design live load on
any member supporting 150 square feet or more may be reduc:ed. at the rate of 0.08
percent per &quare foot o f area supported by the member. except that no reduction
shall be made for areas to be occupied as places of public asaembl)'. 1bc reduction
lhall exceed neither R as determined by the following formula , nor 60 percent:
R .. 100 X 0 +
4.33L
L
in which R .. reduction in percent
o ..dead load per square foot of area supported by the
member
L .. design live load per square foot of area supported by
the member
For live loads exceeding 100 pounds per SQuare foot, 110 reduction shall be made.
except that the design live loads on columns may be reduced 20 percent.
ROOF LOADS ( INCLUDING SNOW LOADS)
(a ) Ordinary roofs. either fiat or pitched. shall be designed for a load of not less
than 20 pounds per square foot of horizontal projection in addition to the dead load,
and in addition to either the wind or the earthquake load, whichever produces the
greater streues.
(NOTE: The fi~re of 20 pounds per lCluare foot is a minimum snow load and
should be increased In many localities. A U. S. Weather Bureau map in the Appendbt
to A58. 1- l945 indicates roughly that such an increase is in order north of the 40th
parallel of la ti tude; attainin, 40 pounds per square foot at the northeastem and north
central boundaries of the Umt.t:d Slates and in parts of WashingtOn. Oregon and Idaho.)
(b ) Roofs to be used for promenades lhall be designed for a minimum load o f 60
pounds per square foot in addiuon to the dead load. Roofs to be used for other see9a'
purposes shall be designed for appropriate loads as directed or approved by the building
officiaL
OTHER LIVE LOADS
(a ) Stair treads shall be designed to support a uniformly distributed load of 100
pounds per lIquare foot. or concentrated loads of 300 poundJ spaced 3 feet center to
center, each occupying an area I foot wide by the depth of the tread, whichever will
produce the greater stresses.
(b ) Sidewalks shall be designed to support either a uniformly distributed load of
250 pounds per square foot. or a concentrated load of 8.000 pounds on an area 2}.i feet
SQuare placed in any position. whichever will produce the greater stresses.
(e ) Driveways shall be designed to support a uniformly distributed load of 100
pounds per square foot (or vehicles weighing less than 3 tons with load, ISO pounds
per square foot for vehicles weighing 3 to 10 tons with load, 200 pounds per square foot
for vehicles weighing over 10 tons with load, or a ooncentrated load equal to the maxi-
mum expected wheel load on an area 2}.i feet square placed in any position, whichever
will produce the greater stresses.
(d ) Accessible ceilings. BCUttles. and ribs of skylights shall be designed to support
a concentrated load of 200 pounds occupying an area 2,li feet square and ao placed as
to produce maximum stresses in the affected members..
(.) Stairv.·ay and balcony railings. both exterior and interior, shall be desWled
to resist a horuontal thrust of 50 pounds per linear foot applied at the top of the railing.
PART V
COEFFICIENTS OF EXPANS I ON
CAMBER
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
......
"-
....... -,....
SU... 1ft 1<.1.-1* SqUat • • neII
Modul ... 01
Mitiori ••
T.....
Ul1, ....1e
0 ....
Llmlt
c:o.r
UNmat,
Bendl",
Ultimate
m-i",
Utti....11 _%In.
gation
--- ---
.
Aluminum, ba rs, sheela. ____ ... • 4-28
wire, annealed ..•... , 2().35
12_14
14
.
Brass, 50% Zn .... _._. ___ ._
cast, common ... __ •___._. 18-24
31 17.9 117 33.S .~-- ... •.. _- , ... , 5 .•
.. 6 JO 20 36 9,000,000
.. .
..
wire, hard ....... _...... ___ •..
anneal&d. ______ ....
Bronze, aluminum 5 to 7).i7o-...
.. Tobin, cast}38% Zn
80
60
75
66
...
16 . ...-_ .. ....
...
120
_-_ .. -.'-----,
_-_.. ._------ .._--_
. 14,000,000
.. "
" e."
rolled 1 J.i% So
"'%
Pb
Copper, plates, rods, boIlL ___ . 32-35
80
100
I.
3.
... 14,500,000
.. .
. malleable ........ _...•.. ,
wrought, shapes .... __ ._.
Steel, plates for cold pressing _ 48-58
-- _.._._--
......
Iron, cast, gray....... _ ..... _...... _. 1S-24 ...---- ... ... _---_ ...
27-35
~
15-20
26
46
2$-33
T ensile Tensile
30
••
Tens. 28,000,000 - -
~,
Tens. Ten.ilo Tensile W Tens. 29,000,000
." a~ _
..
" " hard .. ._--. 80 36 Tensile Tensile U Tens. 29,000,000 t17
Sioel wire, unannealod ... ___ . 120 60
"
"
" annealod •.... _ .._ ..
" bridge cable ._
80
.15 95 I • 8" pee lencth
t2" p~~cth
BUILDING MATERI A L S
MaWI,1
A_age umrn.t. StrOll
PoundI per SQuar,In<:h
'"'""_
.... T. _
-""'" cor- ---
SI', Working Str,..
Pound, I*' SqUI,,'n<:h
""'" -''''
.....
M oo;Iu ..... oI
E!uUeity
I*' Sq.'n.
Mason ry, granite .. _.. _.. _... ---_ ... . ._-----, ... _-_
- -...
...
.20 600
" limestone, bluestone ._--_ .. . ... _--_._. ., ..
_.
_-_ 350
... 500
" sandstone.. ___ ....... ..... _-_. ----
... ... 260
" rubble.___ ....... _...... , .
brick, common...... _.. 10000
-
...
200
... -- .. ----_
•.. 140 260
" 600
ROIlOI, cast sloel hoisting ... __ ... ,._-- 80000
" standing, derrick. •.. _. __ - ..•__
... - 70000
" manila... __ .. ,•.. ." ......-.•... --_ .....• ...
Stone, blueslone.___ .. _.. _.•...
12000
.._._.
8000
1200 .500 1200 1200 200
7,~::
" granite, gneiu 12000 1200 1600 1200 1200 200 7,000,
" limestone, marble.. ___ .. 8000
" sandslone ... . _ 6000
800
160
1500
1200
800
600
800
600
160
160
7,000,001
3,000,~
" Ilate .. ... - 10000 3000 6000 1000 1000 175 14,000;()()(
AMERICA N IN STITUTE 0,," STli:f: L. CON S TRUC TI O N
•
347
EFFECT OF HEAT
ON STRUCTURAL STEEL
The occasion for fireproofmg structural 8tOO is to insulate it against a rise of tem-
perature that would seriously impair ita ability to sustain the loads at the unit stresses
used in the design.
TIle average coefficient of expansion for structural steel betwetn the tempet1ltures
of roo- F. and 1100" F. is given by the formula
C - .0CI00061 + .0000000022 t
in which C is the coefficient of expansion fOl each degree Fahrenheit, and t is the tem-
perature in degrees Fahrenheit. From BOO" F. to 1400" F. there i! a slight variation
in the coefficient, and below 200" F. the variation is less than that at the higher tem-
peratures.
in which E is the initial modulus of elasticity in pounds per aquare inch and t is the
temperature in de&rces Fahr. Between room temperature and 2CJO'" F. there is a smaller
variation in E.
.
.00181 .00101
Copp.r .. _ _ ..... _ ....... _____ .• _ .00168
.""'" C.m.nt, portl.nd..... __ .. _ ...... _
_._-_ _._
.00107 .00059
Iron, cut, gray. ____ .... _ ... _... _
I.on, wrOullht. ____ .... _.. _ ..... __ .
1.0n, wlre ... __ .. _._ ...... _ .. _... __
Lud .... _ _ .• _ .. _ ......... _._ ... __
.00106
.00120
.00124
.00286
.""
~I~t~l..~~ m '_:.~_~~:~.~..~~.I.~~~.::-.:.-~ .00126
.00059
.""'"
."""
.00159
. 0018
Conc •• te._.. _ ..........
- -
..... ....
Or.nit . .. _..... -_.... -.. .... .............
Lim •• ton . ..... ________ ... _.. __ •
.00143
.
."" ."""
.""'" ."'"
.0007g
.00070 M •• bl • . ___ ... _._ ... _ ... _.... _.... _ ... _ .00100 .000"
Ste.1, cut. _ ... _._._ ...... _. -
Stee l, h a rd_._. _-_
........
...........
.00110
.. .00132 ."'"
.00073
Plalter____ ._. __ ._. _____ ... .00166
.""'"
Steel, m.dium. ______ ... _ ..... __ .. .00120
Stee l,loft.. ____ ... _.. _____ .. _ .. __ . ,00110
Stetl, ,t.inl ... , \8·8.__ . __ ._.. _ ... .00118
.""'"
.""'"
.0009'
Rubbl. muonry_____ . __ .. __
S. ndltone •• _____ . ______ ... _
.0000' .0000'
.00110 .0000'
Zinc, .olled _ _ _ .. __ . ... _-_._. .00311 .00173 SI.te_. ___ . _ _ ._ _ .. _ ..... .00104
.""'"
Pln, ____
TIMBER
~::'~~=:}lrIlI'l to fiber
.00037
.""'"
.""".
."""
."""
.000" ."""
. 00036
O.• k•... __
P,n fl.r
- ...-
T IMBER
EXPANS ION OF WA T ER
MAXIMUM DENSITY - l
0
•
I .000121;
, .000000
""
1.000257
1 .001732
AMERICJ\.,.,.
." 1 ,004234
1 .007627
I NSTITUTE OF STEEL
""
1.011877
1 ,016954
CONSTRUCT ION
"" 1 .022384
1 .029003 "00 1,03S828
1 ,04311e
'49
".
...
Iron, ent, plll ......... _____ • FIr, Dougl.1 .pr uce .. _ . __ 0,51
Iron, wroullht. •• _... ______ ..
'" ,.,
1.6-1.9 Fir. ea.t..n _ _ _ _ _ . __
Elm . whIt . ......... ___ . __ _
"" 0,40
•. n
Iron, . "lllIl lr.llln .....•. _._ ..
,., ""
...". .."
I.on, ferro _.itI con •• _ __ 6.1-1.3 H.mlock. ........ _._ 0.42-0,52
Iron ore, hl..,.III8. ___ _
Iron 0 .... , hematite In ban"-.
'"
'"
160-180
Hickory.......... ..... __ . _____ ._
Locu.t. ____ ....... _ . _ ...... _ " 0.74-0.84
..n
Iron ore, hematite looso.__ 130-160 Ma ple, hard ...•. _ _ . ___ _
Iron ore, IImonll... _____ .
I ron Dr., m all netitL. •.. _._ ..
Iron .Iag .. _ ..... _ ...... _ ........ _ ...
Lud ........ _~.~._ .. _.. _._ .... _._
'"
'"
m
""
3.B_4,0
4.9-5.2
2.5-3.0
11.31
Maple, whlte._ ... _._._ ... ___ ._
Oa k, chutnut. ..•_. __ ... __ ._..
Oak, 11"'-____ ._... _...... ___ ...
Oak, red, black... ... _____ _
Oak. whlt •..... _ .. _____ _
..." '.93
0,86
0.95
0,65
"'" ....
1.3-7, 6
Lead ore, g. lena .. _._._~_._
Magnuh.m, allo)<S. _ _ _ . '"'" 1.14-1 .83
7.2· 8.0
Pine. OreDon ~ ....... _ _ _ ...
Pine. red .... ___ .. ____ .. __
0.14
O,il
M .ngan ......... ~._ .. _ .. _. __ ..
M .ng~ n eH or •• pyrolu. lte .•
Mereury._._ .._._. _ _ ~._
'"
".
M'
3.7-4.6
13.6
Pi n e, wllit._ . _ . __ ._._
Pine. yellow. 10ng. lea L __ " 0,41
0,10
Mon.1 M.ta L _.~ ____ .
NlckeL._._ .. *. __ ._.. ___ _
."'"
8.8·9.0
8.9-9.2
Pine, ye llow, Ihort-lea'_ •. _
Oopln.__ ._.. __ . __ ._.. _._ "
38
.."
0.61
""
Platinum, ea.t , hamm.red
10.4_10.6 Spruce, whit., black. •. __ _ 0.40-0.46
Silv.r, cnt. lIammer.d. _ .
Steel, rolled _____ .. ____ _ '"
".
."
1.85 W.lnut. bJack. ... ~ . _._ .. _._._ 38 0.61
Tin, cnt, lIamm.red._ _ ..
T in ore, ca ... iterit. ___ .. _._
Zi n c, cnt, rolled. ___ ..... _. __ ...
'"
7.2_1.5
6.4-7.0
6.9-1.2
Walnut, whlt • ... _._. ___ .. __
" 0.41
..."
Zinc ore, bl.nde...... ______ _ 3.9_4,2
'" VARIOUS UQ UIDS
Alcohol, l00'7<>- .. _ ..... _.~ .. _._
Acld l, muriatic 40%. _ _ ..,.",..."
Acid_. nitric ~ 1 """",, __
. .,
."
VARIOUS SO U DS Acldl, l u lphu,lc 81%. __ _
C. re.I., oab. ~_.~ .• _._ .. bulk
C.reall, barley__ ._._.. bulk
Cereall, cor n , ry . ..... _.•. bulk ."". Lye, aoda
Oill, vegell b le. ___
66% ._ .. _...
"... "....
C. ... all, w heaL _._ .... _bulk Wat ••• 4"C. max, d.n.ity_ . 62.428 LO
H.y a nd Straw. _____ ... bale. Water ,I00"C __ ... __ .. _ .._... 0.9584
Cot ton, FI,IX , H.mp._____ _ 1.41· 1.50 Wat.., ice ...•____ . __ ... __ _ SO
FatL-_ .. _. ___ ... _ .. _.......... . 0.90-0.91 I"
Wa t er, anow. f .. fallen._.
•
0.88-0.92
.12 5
,"".
Fl ou r , 1_ ___ ..•• _ •. _._ 0.40-0.50 Water, IU wat.'_ _ ..... _._ 1.02-1.03
FLour, preMed ....... _ ... __ ._...
G la.., co m mon ... _._ .. _
0.70-0.80
2.40-2.60
"
2.45_2.72
Gla ... , p lat. or crown ............
'"
".
.......,.
GASES
GI ...., c rY'taL. ___ .. ______ ...
Leather_____ ..... _____ .
Paper. ___ . __ .. ___ . _____ . .." 2.90-3.00
0. 8$_1.02
0.10·1.15
Ai r, O"C. 760 mm •. _._ .. _ _
Ammonla ........ _._. ___ . .0418
,08071
PotatOQ, piled __ .____ .
R ubb.r, caoutcllouc ...... __
R u bber gooda. _____ ._. __ .
"."" 0.92-0 .96
1.0-2,0
Ca r bon dloxld . ......... _._* ... _.
Carbon mono.ld._. ____
.1234
.0181
Ga.,l lI uminatlng _ ___ ......... _ ,028-.036
1.!i291
0.9613
.'""
0.35.0.45
SaLt , granu lated, plled .... __ _ Gao, naturaL ___ . ___ . __ ._ .038-,039 0 .41_0.48
Saltpete._. _ _ . __ ._. _ _
SlIreh. _.. _._._ .. _•• ___ _
Su lpllut.. ____ .. ____ .
WooL .•.. _._~ ..... _ _ _ _ ...._ ..
>.9,
."
1.93_2.01
Hydrogen ._____ .... __ .. __
Nltrogen. _ _ _ _ _ _ .~_
O.yD.n __ ._ ... ~ ..... _... _ .__ .."'"•'"
.00559 0.0693
0,9714
1.1056
"
T he Ipeeific I r~vltl .. of aolld a and liquid. nfer to water at 4· C. , tt, .... of II"'" t o air at
O"C. and 760 mm. prell"..... Th e weight. per "ublc foot are d erived from Iva r.ge IPltelft" gravl.
tiel, except w ..... alated that _llI hU .... fo r bulk. hupod or 100.. mate rial, Itc.
A M ER I CJl. N IN ST I T U TE OF STEEL CONST RUCT ION
350
"'......
Weight Weight
SubetulCe Lb._
Cu. FL
~jfic
....,ty ,"w
Cu. Fl "'"""
a..aYiIy
ASHLAR M ASO NR V
Q .an lt. , Iye n ltl , on., .......
Llm elton l, m arb l______ ..
Sio nd .to ne, bl u ..ton • ..... __ ...
,,'" :2:.3· 3.0
2.3-2.8
2.1 _2.4
MI NER A L S
AlbntOL-. __________
B arytH._ _..• ________
81 »1t._ .. _________ •...
Bau.ite. _ _ _ _____ .• _..•
8 0.... __ .. _____ ...... __
'"
'"
".
".
.."...
2.1-2.8
2.1-3.2
.. '"
MORTA R RUBBLE 1.7_1.8
M ASONRY Ch.Lk. •.... _ _ _ _ _ .. _
G ran ite, Iye n ltl , g ....i..... _
Li mntonl. marb lo. _____ •.• ,'" 2.2_2 .8
2.2-2.6
Clay, m a.L. ________
Oolomlt • .. _________ '"
'"
1.8-2.8
1.8. 2.8
Sio nd .tonl. b lu ..ton • .... _ ...
". 2. 0.2.2 Feldlpar,ort .. oc l...............
On,I .., Hrpentl n l .• ____ •
'"
'"
".
",
2. 5.2.8
2.'-2.7
DRY RUBBLE MASON RY Gr. nit••• y.nlt • ....... ____
G ranite , 'yenlt', II n' I...... ,_
'''' 1.11-2.3 Gree n .ton. , trap. ___ .. _..... _ '"
'"
2.5·3 .1
2.8-3.2
Llm Nton., mar b l ,,- ~_._
San d . t o n" b luNton • ..•.. _. '"
'"
1.\1-2 .1
1.8-1.11
GYfnu m , .Iab..t'r.____ ....
Hornbl.n d . _____ ._.. __ ~.
'" ,.,
2.3-2.8
Llm Nlone, m a r ble___ . __ '"
'" ,.,
2.5_2.8
B RIC K M ASONRY
P ..... od brlck. .... __ •• _~ .... _
'"'" 2.2-2 .3
MlllnNII . ... _._._.~_._._ ...
Ph o. ph l l. rock, . patlt • .__ '" ..,
Common brlck ......... ___ . __
8<lft brlck ....... __ ... _._ ......
1.8-2.0
1.5-1.1
Porphyry .. ~ ... __ ._. _______
""
'"" 2.6-2.11
C ONCRET E MASON RY
'" P u mlc~, nllur.I.. .. _. ____
Quartz, "int. _._ .. ____ ._..
'"
0.37_0.90
2.5-2.8
C. ment, . Ion., sa n d .... __
Cto m e n l •• I.g, . tc ......... __
".
''''
2.2-2 .4
1.11-2.3
&rond. tone, blu ..ton . ..... __ .
Shll •• • llt • .~ _ _ ._____
So.psto n •• talc .... _ .. ___ ._
'"
'"
2.2_2.5
2.7- 2.11
2.6_2.8
Ce m e n t. cin d er, elc •• --'--'-
'" 1.5-1.1
'"
VA R IOUS BUILDING
M AT ER IA LS
Cem.nl. portla nd . 100 .... __
C.m. n t , portl a nd, 1Ot. ___ ~.
_
Alh es. cl nd ............ _ .... .. 40· 45
"
........
--.._.
2.1· 3.2
ST ONE. QUAR R IED, PIL ED
B.ull, IIra n lte, IIn.I"...... _
Ll meston., m.rb le , q u artz
&ro nd.to n . ... _.. _. _____
..
""
..-
.-
Li me. IIYPlum, 1_ • . __ ._... "'"-M --_. Shal • .__ ...... __ ... _.. .. ___ ._ --
._._ ..
"
_~
'"..."
Earth, moi at , 100M. _____ _.- Co.I , cOk . ... _ . _ . __ ... _.
E. rt h, mOllt. plcked.___ "" -_..
Grlphlt . .. _._. ______ ..
1.0_1.4
1.9-2.3
.
.~-.
""
Sand, 9 rav, l. dry. packed __ . 100·120 .. Tar. b ltuml nOUI.__ .. _....... _
San d . grlvel. d ry. we L __ 11 8-120 .. _- ""
EX CAVAT IONS I N WATER
Sand Or g ravel..._._ .. ____
Sand or llravel and cl . y......
C lly. ___________ ..
"
""
'--~
_.-
..._-
COA L AN D CO KE . P ILED
Coal , .nthra clt . ...... __ ._.
Co.I. bit u minoul. 1I 9 nit, ..
47·58
"-M
-.-
.- .
Rive r m u d _ _ ._ .. __ .. _ _
8<1 11... _______ ._. ___
8to n . r/prap __ . __ ._. _ _ ..
"
-_...
.. _-
-~ ..-
Coal . pea t. t url._. _ _ _ _
Co.'. ch l r<:o.L ... _____
Coa l, co k • ... ________
"-,,
10-14
23-32
--
.-
--
T h, I pec l"c grlvitl .. of IOlidl and IIquld l refer to water al 4"C., thOK o l lllMI to . I r at
O"C. a n d 760 Mm. pressu re. T h. w. lght. per c u bic foot Ire d . rivsd fro m . v.r.ge . pt<:I"c \lr.vi.
tI ... uc.pt whe .. I tatad th.t weight. Ire for bulk, h'llPld or 1_, m lterlal . etc.
A MI;fU C,o, N IN S TIT UTE OF STEEL CONST R UCTION
351
Weight W,.;ghl
Lb. ptof MaWJI. Lb. PI"
%FL ~. FL
------------------11---------------4---
CEILINGS PARTITIO NS
OYIM " "' ceilin g block, 2" thick , un· Channe l It .. da, m.u. lath, Clmant
pla.tued.. __________ _ plut.l'. fOnd. 2:" thlck.. .. _______
",
Pl •• tt, board, "'npla.t"'..t.. ___ . ___ _ St .. de. 2" ..... wood 01' mltal lath.
~ .. plalter both Ild .. __.,--_.,--_C-::- n
PI ..t,r , ,.",and wood Ilt" _ _ _ __
• St .. d •• 2" K . " plait,r board. 0,10"
pt •• tlr, ~" •• "d mltalllth-=====1 •,
PI ..ter, on tU, or conerate.. _
plaetll' both eld_:::::::::::;:-::-:;:::_I
PI ..ter. 0,10" 1 on ,y"".. m block 01' clay "•
SUlpended, m,tallath and pl ..t. •._ _
" Hollow cia,.
til. {on d.)::r~~~~~~~~~1 ""
Hollow cia,. t il •• 2"
•• tUa. ' "
Hollow c ia,. tile •• " n
Hollow cia,. tile. 5"
FLOORS
Hollow clay tU •• 15..____ ._. ______ •
Hollow cia,. tlla ....
""
• """
Hardwood flooring, JIo" tlllc k-... _ _ _ Hollow cia,. til •• '0"
Hollow lIy ... "m block . S"
8h. .thlnll, whit • • rid and Oreslon pint,
Hollow lIy"""m block,. "
,P'UCI 0' hemlOCk. ~ .. thlck~_ _ _1
ah.,thlng. yellow pi nt, 1" thic k . . . - -
2\'
•
Hollow lIy"" .. m block, 5"
Hollow lIy ..... m block, is''
"
,,~
,,~
Wood block, c._oted, 3" thlc k.-.... __ Solid lIy ... "m block. 2"
Camlnt flnla'" pc. In .. " thlck.. _ __ " Solid 'YIK"m block. S"
.~
"•
Cinder concretl, p.,
h.ch tlllcl<. .•..• ___ "•, St,,1 partltlona._
..n.
Brick. 13"
BrIck. " "
Brick
Brick.•22"
•"
BrICk. 2:6"
thIC.~j~~~~~~~~~1
thl~k
thick
thick.--
thick..
'"
".
'""
...
ROOFS
Wan til., . " thick
Wall til., S" thlc k.-••••• _ _ _ _ _ _ •
Corrugated mlul _________ _
Roofl"g f.It, 3 ply and IIr.v,I,
Pa,.,.3
51'
Wall til", 10" th~~ ~~-------
Wall til., 12" thick
"
110011"11 f,lt , 5 ply and or,vll
','""
Brick.". til, backln, . "
Roofing f,It, 3 plylnd 11111 Brick . ... til, backln,." 75
Rooflnll felt,S ply and ela,
S-pl,. rud,. rooflnll
Shlnlll .. , wood
51'
,
Brick ' '' , tlla ~krn,."
Brick "'. til. backln,'"
Um ..ton ..... brick . ..
Llm.lton, . ... brick IS"
Llm ..ton . ..., tU. ' ''_
u,
, .
,eo
no
Tile 01' ,Iat".• _ •• _. 0-2, CO
Llm ..to n ...., ti l •• 2" ___ . _ _ _ .... _._ ,eo
Corr .. gated m.u l lldln' ___-;-_ __ Pa,1 •• 3
Wind OWl. ,I.... frama and .... h _ __
•
For _I,hl. of oth.r mat.rI",l, "Mel In bulld l n, con,tr .. ctlon, , .. pili" M'lnd 350_
..."
BUIL.DIN G MATERIALS
A. bu t os _"'_H_~M_'_H __ ._ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ..
Brick • • Bu Udl ng _..... ,, ________ ... _ _ ._ _ ,,, ...'"""
8 rl e ~l. Fire CII )' ~ ..
,,
....""
H •• H • • _ _ • _ _ _ _ • • • _ _ •• _ .
••••••••• _ _ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _
."" ,
'I' '"
'"
'"
...""
H
.~
,~
......."
330
Mal.,;"1
Weight
Cub':'Fool
of~
HeJI'It
Pi'-
F~
W","'
'"
Squat. Foot
of...
CO-
--
-..
""........,
Lb.~
•••
Cutllry
Door ChltCka-
'"
..'"...,
Electrlc.al Go6da and MKhlnery•••
Hlnll'"
,•• '"
'"
..'"... ..'"••
Locluo.ln c.a_. p.ck.d
."
M .~hlner)l. Light .
Plumbing. FIKtU .... _
••
.Plumbing. SuppU ..
Sa.h Fan,n ...
~-
Shafting StHI --- '"
." •,•
330
Sheet T in . In bo...
T ool •• Sm.lI. MII.I
WI ... C.bl... on r ..l.
--- '"" • '5O
m
Wi .... Inaul.ted Copp,r. In co111..
Wi .... G.lv.nlud Iron. In coli.
-
"" • '"
Wlr., M.gnn. on .pool ll...-
" •'I' '"
'5O
MI SCE LLANEOUS
Automobll, Tlr,s -
Automobll .... uncrat.d
--- ...•
30
• ...,
800ks (1Olidly p.ck,d)
- • ...'",
Furnltur, _ _ . ___
GI ... and Chln.w.... ln crat,,-. _ _ _ _ _ _
Hid . . . nd L''''ther. In b.I ...
20
.."
20 •• .
...'"
•••
Hid ... Buffalo. In bundl..
..
Luther and L..th" Go6dl
Pap... NI_PlIper. and Strawbo.rdl...
P",pe •• W,ltlng.nd C.llnd.rld
••• '"
""" '"
Rope. In coli,
Rubber. Crude '"
Tobacco, bf,1_
" • '"
AM!!RI CAN ON ST.TUTE 0,.. STEEL CONSTRUCTION
354
TIMBER
AMERICAN STANDARD SIZES
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGNING
NATIONAl.. I..U .... BER MANUFACTURERS ASSOC I ATION
Nominal
Sizl
A....icln
Standard
0'.....
Sia
Area
•
Seellon
Weith!
1:. -, ",
Moment Seetin"
I.... rti.
M od ... Nom ..... '
Si ...
Ameran
Standard
D'_ad
Si.e
.
Mu
,,","00
Weigltt
r.;, -, '""'00
Moment
M....
lnertla ,~
---
'0 - '0. --
c..
--
'0. '0.
-- ----
c..
~
In.' In. ' In.' In.' In.'
-- --
2. ' l !-ix3~ 5.89 1.64 6.45 3.56 10xl0 9J.ill9J.i 90.3 25.0 679 143
6 5li 9. 14 2.54 24.1 8.57 12 11 » 109 30.3 1204 209
8 7» 12.2 3.39 57.1 15.3 14 13» 128 35.6 1948 289
10 9» 15.4 ' .29 116 24.4 16 15» 147 40.9 2948 380
12 11 » 18.7 5.19 206 35.8 18 17» 166 46.1 .243 485
14 13» 21.9 6.09 333 49.4 20 19» 185 51.4 5670 602
16 15» 25.2 6.99 504 65.1 22 21 » 204 56.7 7868 732
18 17» 28.4 7.90 726 82.9 2' 23» 223 62.0 1027' ".
2~x3'" 9.52 2.64 10.4 5.75 12)(12 l1J.1xll.Y2 132 36.7 1458 253
'" 6
8
5li
7»
14.8
19.7
4.10
5.47
38.9
92.3
13.8
24.6
14
16
13»
15»
155
178
43.1
49.5
2358 349
3569 '60
10 9» 24.9 6.93 188 39.5 18 17» 201 55.9 5136 587
12 11 » 30.2 8.39 333 57.9 20 19» 22. 62.3 7106 729
14 13» 35.4 9 .... 538 79.7 22 21 » 247 68.7 9524 886
16 15]1 40.7 11.3 815 105 24 23» 270 75.0 12437 1058
18 17» 45.9 12.8 1172 134
14)(14 13J.ix13J.1 182 50.6 2768 410
•••6
3~x3'"
5li
13.1
20.4
3.65
5.66
14.4
53.8
7.94
19.1
16
18
20
157S 209
17» 236
19» 263
56. 1
65.6
73.1
4189 541
6029 689
8342 856
8 7)1 27.2 7.55 127 34.0
34.4 9.57 259 54.5 22 21 )1 290 BO.6 l11Bl 1040
10 9»
41.1 459 79.9 2. 23)1 317 88.1 14600 1243
12 11 )1 11.6
14 13.!1 48.9 13.6 743 110 16x16 15~xI5}i 240 66.7 4810 621
16 15» 56.2 15.6 1 125 145 18 17» 271 75.3 6923 791
18 17)1 63.4 17.6 1619 185 20 19)1 302 83.9 9578 982
22 21 » 333 92.5 12837 1194
6.6 5 !Alx5 Y!j 30.3 8.40 76.3 27.7 2. 23» 364 101 16763 1427
8 7» 41.3 11.4 193 51.6
10 9» 52.3 14.5 393 82.7 18x18 17}ixI7 Y!j 306 85.0 7816 893
12 11» 63.3 17.5 697 121 20 19» 341 94.8 10813 1109
...
14 13» 74.3 20.6 1128 167 22 21 » 376 105 14493 1348
16 15M 85.3 23.6 1707 220 24 23» 411 11. 18926 1611
18 17» 96.3 26.7 2.56 281 26 25» 12. 24181 1897
20 19M 107.3 29.8 3398 349 20.20 19}ixI9}i 380 106 12049 1236
22 21 » 419 116 16150 1502
808 7J.1x7J.1 56.3 15.6 264 70.3 2. 23» .58 127 21089 1795
10 9» 71.3 19.8 536 113 26 25Yi .97 138 26945 2113
12 11 M 86.3 23.9 951 165 28 27» 536 149 33795 2'58
..,.
14 13M 101.3 28.0 1538 228
...
16 15» 116.3 32.0 2327 300 24x24 23Mx23M 552 153 25415 2163
18 17M 13 1.3 36.4 3350 383 26 25)1 599 166 32472 2547
20 19)1 146.3 40.6 475 28 27}2 180 40727 2962
22 21» 161.3 44.8 6211 578 30 2914 693 193 50275 3406
All proportion. Ind wel!)hts !)lven Ire for d _ d .be only.
The weights !)Iven abov . . . . bned on luumed averill!)' wel!)ht of 40 pounds per cubic foot.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEl. CONSTRUCTIO ....
355
/f f "\ A~
Anol.
• '"' r,110"A" ..
A O ..
.. !.!!:...! .. .
0.0114» r "'"
57.28571..!.
- 4b" +c: 1
~'
A.dlul r
CIRCULAR SECTOR
... radii.. of circl. 'f .. IInOI. ncp In deg .....
@
At. . of Sector "cPO " " (length 0' nc nop X r)
.. O.OO872H X ,I X y
C IRCUL AR SEG M EN T
r .. ,dill' of circle I .. chord b - .1..
"8' ,.
A... of Sqm,nt nop .. Arta of Sector "cPO _ Ar •• of t,llngl, ncp
,
- ( LAnllth of In: nap X r l
, b)
,, ... ..
.011 em
,, ."'
."" "" """
.0698132
1.CJ6(~
1.082 1041
1.099 1567.
1.11 7 0101
'"
m
'"
'"
2.1\1 ~&4
2.1'29 3017
2.1467~
2.164 2063
,,,
,
.000 ""
.OOOll818
.000 8121
.DOI 1636
,,,
,
.000 ....
.OOO~7
.OOOOH5
.000 0194
,,
.01172665
"" 1.134 4640
".'" 2.1816616
,,, .0(11 4544
,,, .000 0242
,
-.
.104 7198 1.1519173 2. 1991149 .001 7'~ .000 0291
2.216~ .002 0362
.122 1730
,•
.139 6263 "" 1.1&9 3706
1.186 8239
".'" 2.234 02 14
••.00'23'271
,• .000 " "
...
.000 " "
2.~\ 4747 .002 6180
.1570796
" 1.204 21n
'" 2.268 9280
.000 0436
" .1745329
" I 221 7305
1.'239 1838 '"
'"
2.286 3813 U " .0031993 " U
.000 0485
.
.1919862
"" '"
".m
2.338 7412
2.3!:\1i 19'15
.
.004 0124
..
.261 1994
.279 2527 1.326 4502 2.373 6478 .004 6542 .0000n6
" ".
'" 2.39 1 1011
" .004 9'151
. ~2360
" .000 11824
..
1.361 3568 2.'108 !>544 .000 0813
•3141593
.3316126
" "" 1.318 8101
'"..,
2.426oon
" .005 5269
" .000 0921
"" .3490659
. 1.396 2634
..
'",, 2.4<134610
2.'1609142 "" ""
.0058178
.006 1087
.000 0970
..
.366 519 1 1.4137167 .000 1018
""
.383 9124
.401 42~7
""
1.431 1100
1.448 6233
2.478 J67~
2.4958208 "" .0066_""
.006 3995 .000 1067
.000 1115
,,.
1.483 5'299 2.530 7274
"" ""
.00727'Z1 .000 1212
. ""
.436 3323
"" .4~7856 1.500 9&32 2.543 1801 .0075631 .000 1261
""
.411 2389
.488 6922 "1.5184364
UM8897
2.5656340
2.!1830813 "" ""
.0078540
.008 1449
.000
.000
llO9
1351
"
... .
.506 14M
.523 5988
"" ."' """
1.M3 3430
1.5701963
'"
2.000 5406
2.61 7 9939 " ..."" ""
.008 4358
"" .......
.000
.000
1406
1454
.
.009 0175 .000 1503
""
'Ml0521
1.606 7029 '"
'" 2.6529OM .000 1501
.5759587
. 5934119 "1.623 1562
1.6406095 ,
'" 2.670 .uJ8
2.6818070
"
.009 5993
"
.000
.000
1000
1648
"
"""
2.7OIi 260J .010 1811 .000 1697
1.6580628
'"'"'", ""
. """
.6108652
"" 1.6155161 2.722 7136 .0104720 .000 1145
..
.6283185
.010 1629 .000 1794
"" .645nI8
.66J22!>1
1.6929694
1.1104227
'",
2.740 1669
2.7576202
2.n50135 "" .011 0538
""
.011 3446
.000 1M2
".&8061l1'1
" 1.7278760
".. .000 1891
.,." . .,.."
.011 6355 .000 1939
.6981311 '00 1.7453293
'",,
2.1925268
.," .011 '»64
. ...
1.1627825 2.809 9801 .000 1988
.715 !I8!1O
'"
".
....
.. "
.733 0383
.7!10491S
« ,
1.780 23~8
1.1916891
...,
...
2.8214334
2.8+4 8867
"
.0122173
.012 !508'l
"« ..
.000 " "
.0002085
...
1.8325957 2.81919U
...
. 785 3982
, 2.897lM66
.," .013~
.," .ooomo
..,'"'"
.8018515 1.850 0450
1.8675023 2.9146999 .0136717 .000 2279
2.9321~1 .0139626 .000 2327
.,,,... ".
.8377!i80 1.8&1 9556
.aM 2113 1.9024089 2.94960&4 .01425l5 .0002376
H' 1.9198622
'"
2.9610597
"" .0145444
"" .00024~
""
.."".. ... ""
m .0148353
.""
.890 1119 1.93731» 2.984 n30 .000 2473
. .9075112
""
.925m5
.9424718
'"
...'"'"no1.954 7&88
1.tn2221
1.989 67~ '"
.,.
m
3.001 9663
3.0194196
3.036 8729
.0151262
.0154171
.OU1080
.000 2521
.000 2570
.0002618
""" .."""
3.054 3262 .0159989
.... '"
•9599311 2.0071286
""
1.O\!i 7443 2.0769418
1.047 1976
" '"
'" 2.09'13951 3.141 !0927 .0174533
"
.000 "'"
.000 " "
TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS
T RI GON O M E TRI C
Radlu. AF -,
.. ,I n ' It + co," It .. . In It cOiec It
F UNCTIONS .. c o, It Ie<: " .. ta n It c:ot A
K
~/( O
Si n. A " co..... 1
cotA "' cONCA _COIAhnA _ " 1--cOl I A _ Be
_FO
'VI\ Tang. nt A
~A
.. ' 1"" .. _ '_ _ . lnAneA
co. "
,
Cotanglnt A .. i'i'ii'""A " tan A ..
cotA
0:0. It coue A _ KG
,
F SKa n t A
~ ..
"'" A
- ,I nA - cos '"
C.,.,unt A .. C"(ji'A .. . In A
,
_A D
_ AG
R I G HT A N G LED
TRI A N GLES
a' _ c" _ b l
~
bl _ cl _ a'
c· ... ' + bl
-"
",
A
ti n A .. •
Ii
•
,
•
~;red
,
v" + bl
, ,.,..
.,
T
' ,' <;0, B .. ..!. vel - a-
,
_"/ 0;:" - ;1'
A,' W _ A b ta n A
,
l in A
-- ,-
b"ta" A
A, • ... A Olin A , _ A
COlI A
c· , in 2 '"
•
OBL IQUE A N GLE D
TRIA N G L ES
.- ,
a + b +c . ' _ b" +c l _ 2 bccOIA
~
bl _ a' + cl _ 211 c cOI B
(I - I ){I - b )(_ cl _ .' + bl _ 2 abcOiC
K _ ,
• "
K_"
---
A
, B
,
C
Aecluir.d
, • ....
I, b, c
"" ~ A " "'" , B _ an 2 c _ ". C.... ) CI- b) (_ l
~ .-, K K
.-=c
• • In B •• lnC
t, A, B 11O"-(A + B)
. In A "'ii"ii"A
b ,l nC
II, b, A .;n B _ ~ ar.;a
•
I, b , C unA -
b
• • In C
aCOIe
" ,' + b "-h b COlI C --,-
ab , l ne
SQUARE
""
SQUARE
-,~ • - fi - .5773SOd
SOUARE
, - ,-,-
1
- ,., -
-_. _-- --
•
)- S
5v2
.117151 d"
• - - .28181&d
""
RECTANGLE
""
-,~
RECTANGLE
"~I. of mom,nt, on bl ..
,
A
,"
.....
-,-
, ,
.....
-,-
1. .1 s
, ,
,f, - .5m50d
•
RECTANGLE
AlII, of momenh on dl3110nll
,
A
" ....
vbl+d'
bid"
6Tti~
bId"
S
'Vbl + d l
....
v6 (b l +d l )
RECTANGL.E
Ad. 0 1 mom.nU In), lint
through center 01 gravity
,
A
"b,lnl + d_a
bd (b",ln"'
• + d"_"')
S
bel (b" ,In"ll "+ dl c...-a)
I lb,lnl + dc"" )
, ,
-,
" •
,
•
AMERIC ... N IN S TITUTE 01'" STEIEI.. CONSTRUCTION
360
EQUAL RECTANGLES
Ad, of mom,"" throu"h
c,ntu of ,r.vlt)' • -
, -•
b (d - dt)
1 I I ! 0
- "
T
b (d' - d,")
, - .,'
.'
.. 12(d - d,)
UNEQUAL RECTANGLES
A.. I. of momlnu through
c.nhr of ,ra~lt)' A .. bt + b,t.
"' bV + bot, (d .,. t, )
• •
btl
+ bty' + -b,h'
. ·-·_·_·t+ .. 1"2
- ..
,-, - + b, t,y, '
- -"
I !.; ~~.:or .'" • 0 0
s,
!.
11'
j , - if
- -,-.
TRIANGLE
AxI, 01 mom,n" through
c.ntu of "r.~l tr •
, - -.-".
1/-1 1
j '-- r~ 0
- ,.-.. '
• - -..-'
fo-.- , - '"• - .235702 d
-- -,-.•
TRIANGLE
•
- ,,-..
,
0 '
S
- ,,- '
,
- • - .......
Yo
TRAPEZOID
Axl, 01 m o m.nU th .... "lh
cent.r of Itlylt,.
r-~~
• - , d (b + b, )
!
• - d{2b + b, l
SIb + b, l
Ji----
I--,~
_.1 - + .. +
, -
I
d' (b"
• - , + .. + +
dO (b'
-
bb,
H( b + b. )
12. (2b
b,")
bb,
bd
bl')
C IR CLE
.,-
• - -,--
A:lil, of mom,AU
,
• -, - .
rR- ... 7153i8 dl .. 3.141593 R'
--9!
throulh c.ent.r
Ii+(-
/ -- .1
-
•-,
I
.rd.
. . _ rFl4
.rd'
_. _ ...04*1 d 4
. - _ ...
_ .R'
_ ...Q9I175 dl ..
.. .71iH1 ",4
.7ama ""
,
-
-,• T
• - , , d,l l
HOLLOW Cl RCLE
I'(dl -
... 7tS3M (dl - d,")
AlII, of mom.Au
• -,
through cent.t
! ~E--~J I
,
- ..
:r \d"_d.·)
... 048017 (dO - do.)
'"
,
- vdl + d,'
•
HALF CIRCLE
Ad, of moment. through
.,nt.t of grlylt,.
• - -,-- .. - !,5107M Fli
• - • -
- .- . .. -
( I - 3~) .575547 '"
--§I I
• - ,.- -
.-(!.-~ )
, - . .. .. - -".....
(1 '1" " _ &t )
(I .. _ 4)
.101757 "'4
.1Il06l7 Fl'
" hr"
--
P A RABOLA
,
,
2 • , g ab
, m-
.-~.
,
,f
'T' "
- "rn a16 Ib
I m
.le, I,
tr
• abl
,
1.--.
"
-" Tci'S •
,
'.
HALF P ARABO L A
, • • "F Ib
r" m -,
"•
•
'-,'
0
- .
.. - rna
- ...
.
~.
'
J m
.-1 , "
"
-,
....!!.- I b l
16
"'iOf • Ib
• • - 15 a bl
"
C OM P L E M E NT O F HALF
PA R A B OLA
, I~
• - ,,Sib
m
- -;0 '
-1' ~.
•
...
0
m
I,
- ~
~
,
Ib
-. .. - SO ,b l
PA RABOLI C F ILLET
,
RIGHT A N G L E
IN
• - 2'{2
I
. r-m
• I
" Y,
'T
. _1
>T A
-, T tl
" m - 0 ,
.!. ,
A M ER ICAN
I,
• HALF E LLIPSE
, - .,
- ..
A "F .... b
!1,--t--~---
(i
"\---.-'
m
" - .., (~
•
- .!-)
Or
---
-,
- ....-.
• QUARTER ELLIPSE A .rab
, • m
1'""
" - ..-.
!iJ "-
... (1~ - .~)
'--f---t-
.L , , -~ .
m
--'-a "
- ••• (,~ - II~ )
io--'~ - ..2..." nib
• ., - ..2... ...
"
ab'
"
-
• ELLIPTIC CO MPLEMENT
-,
A
- ab (' -f)
- , (,
I.-y- r-TI
•
r--"-' m
- :)
" - , (, •- : )
,
"- alb c· , )
Y - 1j"" - 3$ ( , _ ~)
- .~
" - ab C"3-15-
· M(l"- f) )
l
• To obtain propertl" of half elrel •. qUlIl'ur elre l. and circ ul ar compl.ml nt ,,,bltlt ut.,, _ b _ R.
• Number of lid ..
REGUL.AR POLYGON ,,..
A.i, of mom.nu
thrQugh ... nter
• •
• 2VRO _ R,_
, •
2 , In •
,. •
2 tan .
A
,
Tn.' cot . -2" nR ' l
, in 2, - nR,' ten .
I, _ I, A(aR' - al )
---,-.-+- -
A (12R,' .1)
.,_r. "
~6RI
,. ,I ~ 12R,:s+ ;lz
ANGLE
Ad, of moment. through
clnter of gravity
A t Cb + c) b' + ct dl + at
K- Z{b + c ) Y " ~
• K Produ .. t of Inert l. about X- X'" V-V
• a bedt
+" 4{b + c)
t
,f
( t (d - Y) ' + bY ' - I (y - t j' )
• •
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CO N STRUCTION
3.5
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
FREQUENTLY USED FORMULAS
The Connulas given below are frequentl y required in structural designing. They
are included herein (or the convenience of those engineers who have infrequent use for
such Connulas and hence may fmd re ference necessary. Variation from the standard
nomenclature on page 6 is noted.
BEAMS
Flexural.tr.... at extreme fibe r;
f = Me/ f - MIS
Flexural . tr... at a n y fibe r :
( .. MY/I Y .. distance from neutrnl axis to fibu.
Avera,. vertical .he.r (for maximum see below);
v .. Vf A .. V/ dt (for beams and girders)
H orizontal .heaTinc atr.....t a ny .ection A-A :
v .. VQjI b Q .. statical moment about the neutral axis of that por-
tion of the cross-section lying outside of section A·A,
b .. width at section A·A
(Intensity of vertical shear is equal to that of horizontal shear acting nonnal to it
at the same point and both are usually a maximum at mid-height of beam.)
S lope and deflection .t any pOint:
EI : ; .. M lI: and y are abscissa and ordinate respei:tively of a point
on the neutral axis, referred to axes of rectangular c0-
ordinates through a selected point of sUP?lrt.
(First integration gives slopes; second integration gives defiecuons. Constants
of integration must be determined.)
COLUMNS
Concentrically loaded:
f _ PIA
Eccentrically loaded I
f _ PIA +
Mel l. Bendi~ in plane of principal uis. Deflection not
-r (1 + ee/ r
AMERICAN
2
)
considered.
e - eccentricity of load.
IN STITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
3 ••
-,..
Equ lv.llnt Tab"I •• Load - .1
• ., R _V
R R
, ,
~
V. -·U- ·)
M max. ( I t centor )
M.
--.-
.1'
~
.. TV-x}
1,,/'
.:l. max. ( a t cent •• ) -3i4ET
M
•• 11'
.. NET - 21.,+.1)
Mom,"' "
Z. SIMPLE BEAM- LOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO ONE END
.. HI~ .. 1.000W
,;,
R, - V, . . -, W
-,.w
;WJ
Equi"al,nt T abula. LOld
R R
R _V -, W
,
~ ,
~ v. (whe" II <·n W
"W(II_ 4X' )
V _u M mix. ( .t nnt.. )
--.-
WI
Momanl
W•
.. m El /I ( 5/1 _ 4.1) 1
"
AMERICAN INSl"I T U T E 01" STEEL CONSTRUCTION
367
ITITr RI .. VI (max.whena>c) ••
-2T(2a+b)
'.
1-'-
•
I '.
R . .. V,
V (Whenx< .. )
-21"
11" -
..
.. 1'1,_ .."
.,.,
M, (Whe ... >.)
(Wha"Il<I)
- RI (I-l)
~(al(2l-ljl-2U I {2J-')+lX')
• .. 24EII
"rl111 ~
""o,,,.nl
(When. >.) .... I ( l _.l
.. 24~ (4_/-2. 1 -1")
w,
ITii
V, (""henx<.) .. R.-",. x "
'. '. V, (whenx > II~nd < (a +b») - R._ R.
f. ,
Iih-..
&
w.
- anu. II
M max. (~tx
--'-'. Mmax. ( U .
M,
R .. -. ""henR. <.... . )
'"
"
.. I - KI
(""h.nll < ~)
-·. "" he nRI <"' c
.
) .. ..o.
R."
.. ~
.. R.ll - -
•
'
"".x-
r
+- l1r1! ffi ~M"mern
M, (""henll > lind < ,. + b» - . ,oO_(b_ II)
R,ll _ _
, ,I'
M, (""henll >(~+ b» . - RI (1-1)- oc. {I
i IIIIIII
,,
'''ea. IIIIIII
~-
V
R-V
M,
mu.( at po int 01 load )
( Whenx <-} )
· -..,
--,-
.,
.,'
+AIr ~ Moment
tomax. Cat poInt of load)
.. 48EI (31 1 - 4. 1) .
8. SIMPLE BEAM - CONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
e,
'1 •
e,
R. _v.(m.... Wh.n. <b)
RI _ VI( mu. when " > b)
--,-
· --,.,'-
.,
'-' M mu.( at point of load) --,-
~, III
V,
M, ( whenx < a ) ."'
--,-
(ItX _ ~· (·t 2b) When" > b) pab (·+ ~~) E~ ~· {· + 2b)
..
e~ .",
tom ••. ..
IA ~
Pa"b"
( at po int of load) .. ""'iEiT"
Mr' ) ."
Mom.n'
" ( whenx < a .. 6EIl (l 1 - b" - XI)
,
SYMMETRICALLY PLACED
..
--,-,
-.
Equivalent Tabular Lo~d
1 • •
- .,
e_v ·
e
_.- e
-.,.,
1-'- M max.( between l<>Id' )
··
~
M, (Whenx < a)
·
Shea.
IIII Y t:o max. .··
M
f< W1 II ~ "
(at center)
(When. < a)
..,
- 20iET (3 1' - 4.1 0)
t, .A11 II I~ •
M,
M.
(whenx <a)
(whenx > aud « I_b») .
.. R, x
.. R, x - P(lI_a)
Mome""
-,,.{Fl R, .. V.
- ,
P. (l - al + P.b
R,
..-
R, RI " VI
.. R, .
A III I~ T'
M. (whenx < a)
~,
Momen. M, (wht nx > •• nd « I- b») .. R,x - P, (x-a)
-, R.
>W,
R'f.-,J
RI R, ..
v.
v, ma~.
. .
--.-
""
V,~
snea.
, MmaK.
M. (ah - t')
. --.-
.. R. -or"
."
,
i '- "-lJJll~
- 128 "'/,
, ,.r.:'
Mom.n!
'4
M.
4mu. ( at. _ /s (1+v'3i) _ .42151)
.,. ."
.. R. ,, - -,-
- 18SEr
"1!±"' . . . . . ... .... - 4;~1 (1" - 31.' + 2>1" )
,,
Equlvll,nt T,bul •• Lo. d
A. _II,
--.-
" .
- "'1i"
R, ... V. m l K.
'"
... "'"1'i"""
R,
1-'1
R,
M m ... ( at h.d ,nd) ."
... 1i"""
e.t
v,
!--4- --t -
......,
M,
M,
point ot 101d)
(whlnK <t )
- 32"
.'" ,
"' """'i'i""
. III II I I v,
M, (when .of) - ,( -'-2 - .!'-'.
.18 )
, .,-r( h-.. 4 mll ... . (.t x ... I '\Ii . . .44721) P I' PI'
... 48£1 </5 ... . OOU 17 E'I
Mom,""
l~ ~-
1 P IS
(at point of loa d)
" ... 168EI
,
R. _ V.
"
... 211 (3/ 1 - 1')
V
aM • •
M, (Whenx >.) ... R,x _ P (. _ I )
IIIIIIII I v,
( 11+.') Pa (I" - 11)1
.:I m a~. when . < .414 I. t. - 1 31.... ' - 3ET (311 11)1
••
(w he n . > .4141.t
.-,
15. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDS- UNIFORMLY DISTRI BUTEO
-...,-,
LOADS
, .: Eq ulva l'n t Tabul a. Load
- ' 4 ., R_V
--.-
R
L l-
R
v. . - · (f-·)
_ 1
.. .,'
r~ I . M m ... ( at ,ndl )
M, (Itcanter) -.•..
-12
.."..
-<.l.!.l.l.J ~ .
~,~
I-~ - "- !. ~ ,
R
R_ V -,P
i IIII II
M mn. (It eenter and an da) -,, PI
--,,- Pl b'
+ 3bl
R,
• .- R,
M, (mIX.Whlnl > b) -- ,-,-
PI'b
.-
2PI'b"
M. --,,-
_ ".. --,,-
( at pOint ollold )
v,
M, P.b"
IITI v, (Wh,nx < .)
....,., M,
..
"mi• . (Wh.n' > b.tJt -~~ b) ·
( .t pOint of load)
- 2PI'b'
SEI (b+b)1
P"b'
MLlJ.'" "' ...... nt U M, - 1EfjT
Pb'."
(WhlnJt < .) - ttnr (hl - h . - bx)
"
AMERICAN IN ST ITUTE 0'" STEEL CONSTRUCT I O N
372
R_V _w
v, _W
,."
M mu .(.tflUd e nd) --,-w,
M, w.·
- ....,-;a
-
w"
T5!:1
-..
R_ V - ", I
•
.j V.
.,.
M ... a •. ( I t hed en d)
M. (etguldedlnd)
.,.
--,-
--.-
M.
to m . .. (at gu ided end)
.,.
- e•
- 24E I
('" - 3.1 )
.. (I I - I") '
0,
24EI
".
"
"
(n poi,u 0 '
(Wht" X<I)
10101) .. "iET
" .
.. eEl (11 _ Sx _ b)
r---r---bj.
. _v - p
M mlJl. (u lI..d an d) . .. PI
M. . .. p ,
6. . . . . . . . . . . .
P
Equivalent T abular L oad - <P
• . _v -P
M m •• • ( at both tnd. ) -,"
M. - P(f - .)
4 m . .. (at ouldtd , nd) P"
- 1FET
P (I 1)1
" 12£i (1 +211)
-.
.... ·1 ",1 +.)
io
.~
FI , ..
v•
v.
v. + v.
. o
• +·,.
-21(1
••
-;,{I"+" j
R. R,
v. (bet...,." ."pporU) .. R. - ... ~
I ( . ,)
'2 1 -Tf
V,. (tor ove.hln,) .. II' (I - X.)
v;r h>. V,
:';';!JJ V, M.
M,
(.t·-f [l - ~: D
( .. R.) --,-, ..
"WCl+1)1(1- lj l
••
Mr~~~
M, ( b,t..... n '''PPOrU) -W(II_ ;l I _ I /J
e10' OVI.hll",,)
~ ':'
.,
M,.
ebit"'"" .II PPO rt1l)
•
-T(I - I , l '
+". ..
-2T
...
R, o. V. .. T/(2I+I)
1---. ,I, • V.
R.
r'l "'l
iii';
R,
V, .
Mm... (U RI)
(for on.hlnl )
..
.. _(I - a . )
--2
,
M. (lat..... n I" Pportl) -.
0_,...._,_
Ih,. y,
V.
.~. .,
M,. e lor overh, n g ) .. T• (I - I . ) '
~ Jj? M_
Am , •. ( bet..... '.... pportut . - ",
' ) .. llVsE
..
.... _" I _.03201 _,_
,
... -,1
,_
4 m u . ( for oVlrhano at x, _ a)
}---
, ,---+,
DISTRIBUTED LOAD BETWEEN SUPPORTS
-.,.,
., "1 R-V -,
R!mJirrill~R V•• - · (f- ·)
M m... (atc,nu.) --..,'-
v
M• .
.. 384Et
•• (/ 1 -
.. 24lf 21.' +..,)
" .. /1".
", .. :24E'
..
LOAD AT ANY POINT BETWEEN SUPPORTS
p, rb'
( It point of 10.d ) .
" (Wh.n1 <: . )
- !i1'T
."
- 8El/ (I ' - b' - 1 1)
" (When 1 > .) P.
- - 8El (I,") CZI. - 01 - .1)
_ ..... " ~
", 8E l 1 (l + • )
~nt
..
.R,
~"j ..
hh,.
, R,
, R,
I, v
R. _ V.
R. _V.+V.
A, _ y.
· ·
..7
"'iT""
· ,• . ,
--IT IO '
I' ' v, · •
"lllIlI ~
-~ .
MMU.(atx .. ,7, I) · · """ .. /'
Gtin fill. M,
M;"
IUIDJlLm
M, eat '''"port RI)
iW'"
,
· ,...10"
M, (W"I". <I) · · Q
1T(7I - h )
r
V, ft, _ V.
V, . ·
- -U P
·
•
!!. p
+~
I'll Max. (at point of load) .
· .."
.!! PI
M, Moment
M, (at '''"port AI) · "
• p,
· Po,
p.. ( 41L-a (l+a ) )
+
M m ... ( a t point of load) . 41'
.l'c "0"'.'"
.... "ERIC I..,." IN ST I TUTE: 0 .. S T l!:..... C O N STRUC TI O N
377
E
' .
I~RI
, !~ ."
R,mlX. _ VI m... (Itx _ O)
-.
underloed 1 It . ..
R, I
Mm...
~Ith
whe .. > (2 - <12) I ... sse,
I
One IOld at
(cnl32)
of Ip,j
<;enhr
"
P, > P,
L OA DS
", I~ RI M me.,
It CIlHlr ohp;I ...... d oth~j
M m ... may occur with '11111'
ITOld
load of! ,pen (ea ... 32)
.+ P I
R,
" l- "
-,. ........... j ~
", The mad mum bendin: moment produced b1l, mavin, con·
ctnt.ated lo.d. occu"' un •• on e of the load. w en that load
I. u fa. from one .upport at the ctnt •• 01 gravity of .U the
movlnllioade on tha bum i. f.om the othl •• upport.
i-
~ A11f1]IDJillltlJ
In the 'c.c.ompa nying d l.g.am. the mulmum bending
moment oc.cu .. under load p, when" _ b. It .hou ld .t.o be
notad that thl, condition oc.cu", whan thl ",nla. tine of the
Ipan I, mldw.y bet...."n the Clnte. of g.avlty ollo.de and the
nn.est "oncentr.led load.
The tirst of the t~span tables gives the three reactions due to a unit load placed
successively at each of eleven points (the three support points plus the fifth pomts in
each span). From these reactions. all shears and momenta due to a single load in any
one of the eleven positions can be quickly calculated.
For moving groups of boo or more loads it will usually be desirable to plot the
influence lines for all the shean and moments required in the design. The influence
line ordinates for the maximum negative moment are tabulated (M, ). Maximum posi-
tive moment will occur at an undetermined point. but this point will lie not far from the
point where a sinltie load produces maximum moment; the position of this point is
tabulated (see +M (max.». Influence lines may be drawn, from the reaction tablea,
for this point and for oilier points close by, and these will envelop the influence line for
abaolute maximum positive moment in the span.
For longer spans. where changes of section will need to be made. the influence
ordinates for moment (and sometimes for shear) may be calculated (from the reaction
tables) a t each o f the fifth points. From these the maximum moment at each fifth
point may be found and plotted to acale. and a moment curve faired through the eleven
poin~ thus established. This will provide the infonnation for a detailed design for
bending 8t.resa.
The seamd of the two-span tables simplifies the calculation of shean and momenta
in the case of uniform load per lineal foot. Coefficients for shean at each of the three
support points are tabulated. If any further shears are required they can best be ob-
tained from shear influence lines.
For unifonn loading, the maximum moment of each sign. at any point, (IC(:UB with
one span completely loaded and the other span empty: except at and close to the interior
support, where all loads on either span cause negative moment. Moment ooefficients
are accordingly given for each Ifpaf3te span loaded (MI and M2) and from these the
maximum momenta o f each sign (Max. M and Hev. M) are directly set down.
THREE-SPAN TABLES
The fint of the three-span tables gives the four reactions due to a unit load placed
successively at each of fifteen pointa. Since the cnd spans are equal. two of these
reactions are in reverae to the other two. The remainmg notes, above, on the first
of the t",'O-span tables, apply to this table as well.
The second of the three--span tables simplifies the calculation of the shean and
momenta usually required in the case of unifonn load per lineal foot.
Load covering one end span (M , ) produces positive moment throughout that span
(except quite close to the intermediate support) and in the other end span to and in-
cluding ita intermediate support; and produca negative moment throughout the center
span (except quite dose to the far intennediate aupport). Load covering the center
span (M,) produces positive moment throughout that span (except quite close to the
intermediate supporta) and produca negative moment throughout both end spans to
and including the intennediate supports.
Theretore load oovering all three spans (M,) does not produce the maximum
moment at any point, but the coefficients as tabufated will often be required (or the
case of dead load.
For unifonn live loading, the numerically greatest moment will occur at BOrne
points with one span. at BOrne with two adjacent spans. and at BOrne with two end spans.
loaded. The coefficients for these momenta are tabulated as Max. M. Inspection will
show what oombinations of MI. 1o.1t and M, reve:raed. oroduce them. The same is true
o( Rev. M, the greatest moment of opposite sign to Max. M.
., L
P I 3 4 6 7 8 9 10
I m
I" I R~ I I I R, I I I I R '0
.30 .70 1.0 .771 .550 .342 .157 0 -.235 - .314 - .274 - .157 0
•0 .35 .65 1.0 .766 .54' .333 .,so 0 - .174 - .232 - .203 - .1'6 0
Ro .40 .60 1.0 .762 .533 .323 .142 0 - .130 - .173 - .151 - .086 0
< .<5
0 .55 1.0 .757 .524 .314 .135 0 -.097 - .129 - ,113 - .065 0
"0 .SO .SO 1.0 .752 .516 .304 .128 0 - .072 - .096 - .084 - .048 0
,
z .30
.35
.70
.65
0
0
.241
.252
.472
.491
.682
.703
.862
.878
1.0
1.0
1.1 36 1.048 .792 .425
,.()67 .957 .712 .378
0
0 I
X
R, .40 .60 0 .254 .512 .728 1.0 1.016 .688 .652 .344 0
•> .45 .55 0 .27' .538 .757
.896
.918 1.0 .976 .835 .605 .317 0
z
•
,,
u
.SO
.30
.35
.SO
.70
.65
0
0
0
.296
- .012
.568 .792
.022 - .0'25
.944
.019
1.0
0
.944
.099
.792
.266
.568
.482
.296
.733
0
1.0
•0 R,o .40 .60 0
- .018 - .032 - .036 - .027
- .025 - .045 - .051 - .038
0
0
.106
.114
.275
.285
.491 .738
.499 .742
1.0
1.0
u
.45 .55 0 - .035 - .062 - .071 - .053 0 .121 .294 .608 .747 1.0
.SO .SO 0 - .048 - .084 - .096 - .072 0 .128 .304 .516 .752 1.0
.30 .70 0 .009 .015 .017 - .013 0 .071 .094 .082 .047 0
.35 .65 0 - .012 - .021 - .024 - .018 0 - .061 - .081 - .071 - .041 0
M, .40 .60 0 - .015 - .027 - .031 - .023 0 - .052 - .069 - .061 - .035 0
.45 .55 0 - .019 - .034 - .039 - .029 0 - .044 - .058 -.051 - .029 0
•" .SO .SO 0 -.024 -.042 - .048 - .036 0 -.036 - .048 - .042 - .024 0
X
•> , 11.0 1.01 ,
z
,,•
U + Mcmu) + M (mile)
1
m
0 1 3 4 6 7 8 9 10
I I " I RO I
m I I RS I I I I R,O
•,
~
.30 .70 ,139 -.304 .416 (.720 - Max. R$)
,-
r
.35 .65 .160 - .288 .388 (.674 .212
Ma><.
"•t x
0
Shear
.40
.45
.50
.60
.55
.50
.180
.200
.219
- .288 .358 (.646
- .296 .334 (.630
-.3125 .3125 (.625
.255
- .237
- .219
u
.30 .70 0 .007 .010 .009 .005 - .003 - .003 - .002 -. (x11 - .001 0
.35 .65 0 .009 .013 ,012 .006 - .005 - .004 - .003 -.002 -.001 0
M, .40
A5
.50
.30
.60
.55
.50
.70
0
0
0
0
.011
.014
.017
.016
.020
.024
.014
.018
.021
- .009 -.017 -.026 - .034
.006
.007
.008
- .008
-.011
-.016
- .043
- .009 - .007
-.-
- .006 - .005 - .003 - .002
- .002
- .013 -.009 - .006 -.003
.005 .033 .042 .031
0
0
0
0
.35 .65 0 -.007 - .014 -.021 - .028 -.034 .006 .030 .037 .027 0
0 M, .40 .60 0 -.005 - .011 -.016 -.022 -.027 .007 .027 .032 .023 0
x• A5 .55 0 - .004 -.008 -.013 -.017 -.021 .008 .02' .028 .020 0
• .50 .50 0 -.003 - .006 -.009 -.013 -.016 .008 .021 .02' .017 0
,••
~
.30 .70 0 - .009 -.017 -.026 - .034 -. 00; .005 .033 .042 .031 0
i
0
Ma><.
AO
.35 .65
.60
0
0
.009 -.014 -,021 - .028
.011 .016 -.016 - .022
-.040 .006 .030 .037
- .035 .007 .027 .032
.027
.023
0
0
0 M
A5 .55 0 .014 .020 .018 -.017 - .032 - .009 .024 .028 .020 0
.50 .50 0 .017 .02' .021 - .013 - .031 -.013 .021 .02' .017 0
.30 .70 0 .007 .010 .009 .005 - .003 - .002 - .IX)! -.001 0
.35 .65 0 -.007 .013 .012 .006 - .004 - .003 - .002 - .(X)1 0
Re ....
AO .60 0 - .005 - .011 .014 .006 -.006 - .005 - .003 - .002 0
M
A5 .55 0 -.004 -.008 - .013 .007 .008 -.007 - .005 -.002 0
.50 .50 0 - .003 - .006 - .009 .008 .008 - .009 - .006 - .003 0
Mn. Shur (X Ie L) I. the mad",um Ihu r on the Indicated lide of the . upport, due to
uniform I03 d of .. per lin. ft. In the m ost effectlye position for , hear.
M. Ind MI (X '" LI ) are the moment. at the Indlc.t~ point. due to unlfo.m 10ld ...
~ove.lng. reapectlYely. the . ett and the right Ulan.
Mu. M _ maximum pon lble moment of elthe. Ilgn at th e indicated point due to uniform
load . and r8luLU from coYe,lnll onecom~lete Ipan; uce pt at and near the ~ente. IUppO.t. whe.e
It .HuIU from covering both Ipanl. T • maximum fo u ible pOlltlv, moment occu ... clo.. to.
and II nellllgibly greater than, thatlhown at Polnu and 8.
Rey. M _ maximum moment of rflY, ... , Ilg n to Max. M.
.. I.'I.'I..
•
•<
9
,t,
"' .. I.'I.,
.25 .50
.30
)' )l
ji)(
.... •••
.20
.7~M~328
.7
.74
.7
., .310 .133
.734
.51 .298 .1
.~~ . 110 0
.
•
.26S .101 0
·'r ~'3-'''~~
0 .1 -.11 1 .
.0·.075 -.041
-.03 (.042 -.
•.025,•. 027 .0'
•••
•
• l~~"~
'3' •
•• I-.or.
.019 .
.019
•
.01 .
.
.013
.01 .02 .021 .01
.01 .011
.013
••
•
•••
r a~~I' .~.~ 29~
.200 -.OS< .~-.036
.288 . .n6
:~
.932 1.0 · .611 .271 -.11 . -.056
X
R, ~ ~ .315 . . .973 1.0 · .575 .2
• .. ~~ •. 134 ·On
r
,,•" .~.~ •• .368 .6 .936 1.052 1.0 .81
.419 .7&4 .039 1.1 29 1.0 ·
.542
.527 .24
2~ •
•
-. 180 .. 2~-.~-.'2O
-.247 -.3 ,-. -.165
••
••,, I I I R,' Reverse the tabulated coeffICients for As. f rom left to right.
u•
II I",' Reverse the tabulated coefficients for Ro. from left to right.
.... •• •• ......
~a~ •••
rI
_.~-.0I6 -.0I. 0 -.014 -.04~-.047 -.024
M, • r
•• -.0'7 -.030;-.034
~ ~
-.0'3 -.024 ,027 -~
·.026 ••
-.032-.033 -.017
-.024-.025 -.014
••
"", .008 .00 .004
.006 .009 ,
1
.004
••
-,0'23 •. 039 ,.045 -.034 1
.40.~ •
-.015-.016 -.009 .007 .~. .005
J
•
1
-.02'6 -.046:-.053 ·.040
• ,.010-.011 -.006
• .007 . • .004
X
,•" IIMs' Reverse the tabu lated coelflCients for Ms, from left to right.
, j ,
w
•, ot,
1
1
,
•8 f + Mlmu)
f +j MJmuI
f + M{ml x)
l
(
.25 .50
+M,30
...... )
..
}' ~
.054 at
.063 at
.068 at
lit
lit
lit
-
-
-
.449
.437
.428
(.25) l
(.30) l
("' ) L
.078
.067
.068
.054 at lit
.063 at lit
.068 at lit
_
-
_ .449 (.25) l
.437 (.30) L
.428 00 L
ji)( .074 at lit - .415 (ffi l .047 .074 at lit _ .415 ("" l
.40 .20 .078 at lit - .407 (.40) L .03' .078 at lit _ .407 (.40) L
R" RI. R,' . n d Ro' are the r ..etlon • • • t .upport8 0.5. 5', I nd (}' .... r:::tlVI~, for. eo n _
Clntrlt.clload 01 un ity . ppilid I t thl pOint Indlut.clat the hUd of each co umn 0 cMmcl, n t..
From t h ... r,aetlonllt II r.,o:"lbll to eon.truct thllnnUInCI lin .. for maximu m ,h.. r or
mallimum moment.t .ny nc:t on. .-
M. I, tha moment at the Int.. med late ,"pport RI, d". to unit load pllCld I t the ralnt
Indluted. It I. n~ItIVlaxcept wh.n th.lold I, pllc.d on the f.rth,r .nd .pan. Th, tab" ated
moment CMmclent, con,titut, ordlnat.. to tho Infl",nCl lin. for mome nt at 5. For MI'
th.~ ........... rwed from left to r ight. Max imum momlnt.t ,Ith,r Intlrlor IUpport will occ: ... r
wit thl f.rthar end Ipan "nlo.dtd. T ha total moment I t 5 or 5'. dOl' to two or mo ... con-
contrated lo.d •• I. thlalgebra lc '"m of thl cOOlfi cll"u tab"llted abovl for the pol nu ,t whleh
thl ...... r.1 load•• re placed. UI"llIy It II g .... t ..t whln they .... pl.ced In thl long," of thl
two lpan, .djace"t to thl ."pport.
+ M (m ... ) d,flnet th,lo:od oo-Itlon for m ..l mum ~ltivI moment. and glv.. thl mom.nt
cMmclentlln Nch Ipan .... pactlv.ly. Th l. Informat on a""r.t,ly lotIt.. thl peak of thl
Influlnce I nl for mlllimum pa.ltlvl moml"tdul to. Ilnllle 101d.
Coamclentl for ,pan_ratl ... m, n, not glvln, may bl Ipprodm.tad by dlno;t Intarpolltlon
batW"" the two nu rut v.I" .. tab"lued.
UNIFORM LOAD
W
PEl UNIT OF
L'NO;T~HC-___ I~~==~==~~~=9f==f~=F==9F==i=~~=9f==f===F~\l
.1375
.1500
.1641
.1714
M "~. ehear Ca ... L) I, the mulmum .h .... on th,lndlcated ai de of th •• up port, dill to uni-
f orm load of w per li n . ft. In the most ""eetlv. _Itlon for ,he.. r.
M J and Ml ( _ 10 Ll l ... . th. momenu at t",lndlcated point. dUI t o II n lfo.m load w eoverl "!!.
'elpedlnly, the te tt and the center ' pln. ( Moment. from Iu d co"er in g the .illht hand epan
a re the r.ve .... from left t o right, of M. and lte not tabulated. )
M, .. moment I t the Indl .... t.d point dUI to IOld cova.lngai1 epa n" which I, not a con_
dition for m ... lmum.
Max. M .. mulmum ponlble moment of elther,ll1n atth" Ind luted point, and II dUI to
un iform load cove,lng one complet. I lN'n Or two complete 'pan ,. The mulmum poulb le
"""Itln m o m.nt occu ... clo.. to, .nd I, negligibly grltt.r tha n , t hat .hown at Pointe 2 and 2'.
Rev. M _ madmum moment of ...v..... , Ign to M.~. M.
384
CAMBER
Given the length and depth of beam. girder or truss. and the design unit stress:
then the corresponding factor from the table below, multiplied by the length in feet,
will give the center defJection in inches.
For unit stress values not tabulated, multiply the factor for 10000 p. s. i. by the
ratio of the design unit stress to 10000.
This Table assumes uniformly distributed loading. For a single load at center
multiply these facton by 0.8; for t"-"O equal loads at the third points, by 1.02.
)(
"
~
"
.0031
.0043
.0051
"
.0041
.0051
.0061
.0048
.0060
.0012
.-
.0068
.008'
.0061
.oon
.0092
.0068
.0085
.0102
.-
.oon .0138 .0153
"."
.0092 .0107 .01 23
.0065 .0102 .0119 .0136 .0153 .0170
Factors are strictly correct for beams of constant section; close for cover-plated
beams and girders, and rea80nably approximate for truBSeS. Simple spans are oon-
templated herein.
':
NATURAL SINES
.
A~"
0.09295
0.02618
0 . 04362
0.06105
0.07846
0.09585
0.02908
0.04653
0.06395
0.08136
0.09874
0.03199
0.04943
0.06685
0.08426
0.10154
0.03490
0.05234
0.06976
0.08716
0.10453
87
86
.
85
--
6 0.10453 0.10742 0.11031 0.11320 0.11609 0.11898 0.12187 63
7 0.121S7 0.12476 0.12764 0.13053 0.13341 0.13629 0.13917 82
8 0.13917 0.14205 0.14493 0.14781 0.15069 0.15356 0.15643 81
9 0.15643 0.15931 0.16218 0.16505 0.16792 0.17078 0.17365 80
--
10 0.17365 0.17651 0.17937 0.18224 0.18509 0.18795 0.19081
--
79
11 O. ' 9081 0.19366 0.19652 0.19937 0. 20222 0.20507 0.20791 78
12 0.20791 0.21076 0.21360 0.21644 0.21928 0,22112 0.22495 n
13 0.22495 0.22778 0.23062 0.23345 0.23627 0.23910 0.24192 76
0.24474 0.24756 0.25038 0.25320 0.25601 0.25882 75
"15
--
0.24192
"
--
25
26
27
0.40674
0.42262
0.43837
0.45399
0.40939
0.42525
0.44098
0.45658
0.41204
0.42788
0.44359
0.45917
0.41469
0.43051
0.44620
0.46175
0.41734
0.43313
0.44880
0.46433
0.41998
0.43575
0.45140
0.46690
0.42262
0.43837
0.45399
0.46947
.
65
--
63
62
28 0.46947 0.47204 0.47460 0.47716 0.47971 0.48226 0.48481 61
29 0.48481 0.48735 0.48989 0.49242 0.49495 0.49748 0.50000 60
-- --
30 0.50000 0.50252 0.50503 0.50754 0.51004 0.51254 0.51504 59
31
32
33
0.51504
0.52992
0 . 54464
0.51753
0.53238
0.54708
0.52002
0.53484
0.54951
0.52250
0.53730
0.55194
0.52498
0.53975
0.55436
0.52745
0.504220
0.55678
0.52992
0 ......
0.55919 ..
58
57
"35
--
36
37
0.55919
0.57358
0.58779
0.60182
0.56160
0.57596
0.59014
0.6041-4
0.56401
0.57833
0.5m8
0.60645
0.56641
0.58070
0.59482
0.60876
0.58880
0.58307
0.59716
0.61107
0.57119
0.58>13
0.59949
0.61337
0.57358
0.58779
0.60182
0.61566
.
55
53
52
38 0.61566 0.61795 0.62024 0.62251 0.62479 0.62706 0.62932 51
39 0.62932 0.63158 0.63363 0.63608 0.63832 0.64056 0.64279 50
--
0.65386 49
.--
40 0.64279 0.64501 0.64723 0.64945 0.65166 0.65606
0.66262 0.66480 0.66697 0.66913 48
.
41 0.65606 0.65825 0.66044
42
43
--
0.66913
0.68200
0.69466
0.67129
0.68412
0.69675
0.67344
0.68624
0 . 69883
0.67559
0.68835
0.70091
0.67773
0.69046
0.70298
0.67987
0.69256
0 . 70505
0.68200
0.69466
0.70711 ...
<7
NATURAL COSINES
A • ER I CAN INSTI TUT E OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
r ,.
387
NATURA L SINES
0' 10' :20' 30' 40'
A.... I.
'"' 60'
."
-45'-
0.70711 0.70916 0.71121 0.71325 0.71529 0.71732 0.71934 ..,'
.
0.71931 0.72136 0.72337 0.72537 O.7V37 0.72937 0.73135 43
.8
0,73135
0.74314
0.73333
0.74509
0.73531
0.74703
0.73728
0.74896
0.73924
0.75088
0.74120
0.75280
0.74314
••
--
0.75471 0.75661 0.75851 0.76041 0.76229 0.76417
0.75471
0,76604 "
.0
50 0.76604 0.76791 O.769n 0.77162 0.77347 0.77531 0.77715 39
51 0.77715 0.n697 0.78079 0.78261 0.78442
.
0 .78622 0.78801 38
5.
53
0,78801
0.""""
0.78980
0.80038
0.79158
0.80212
0 .79335
0.80386
0.79512
0.80558
0.79688
0.80730
0.7986<
0.80902 ,.
37
0.80902 0.81072 0.81242 0.81412 0.81580 0.81748 0.81915 35
,.
55
57
0.81915
0.82904
0.83867
0.8:2082
0.83066
0.84025
0 ......
0.83228
0.84182
0.82413
0.83389
0.84339
0.82577
0.83549
0.84495
0.82741
0.83708
0 ......
0 ......
0.83867
0.84805
'"
33
3'
58 0.84805 0.84959 0.85112 0.85264 0.85416 0.85567 0.85717 31
59 0.85717 0.85866 0.86015 0.86163 0.86310 0.86457 0.86603 30
-"-
0.89879 0.90007 0.90133 0.90'259 0.90383 0.90507 0.90631 25
65
66
0.90631
0.91355
0.90753
0.91472
0.90875
0.91590
9.90996
0.91706
0.91116
0.91822
0.91236
0.91936
0.91~
0.9:2050 ••
23
fi7
68
69
0.92050
0.92718
0.93358
0.92164
0.92827
0.93462
0.92276
0.92935
0.93555
0.92388
0.93042
0.93667
0.92499
0.93148
0.93769
0.92509
0.93253
0.93869
0.92718
0.93358
0.93969
.,
22
:20
--
70 0.93969 0."'" 0.94167 0.942&4 0.94361 0.94457 0 .94552 19
71 0.94552 0.94646 0.94740 0.94832 0.94924 0.95015 0 .95106 18
72 0.95106 0.95195 0.95284 0.95372 0.95459 0.95545 0.95630 17
73 0.95630 0.95715 0.95799 0.95882 0.95964 0.96046 0.96126 16
0.96126 0.96206 0.96285 0.96363 0 ......
"
75 0.96593 0.96667 0.96742 0.96815 0.96887
0.96517
0.96959
0.96593
0.97030
15
76
n
0.97030
0.97437
0.97100
0.97502
0.97169
0.97566
0.97237
0 .97630
0.97304
0.97692
0.97371
0.97754
0.97437
0.97815
"
13
78 0.97815 0.97875 0.97934 0 .97992 0.98050 0.98107 0.98163 "
11
79 0.98163 0.98218 0 .98272 0.98325 0.98378 0.98430 0.98481 10
.
81 0."'" 0.98986 0.99027 8
8. 0.99027 0.99067 0.99106 0.99144 0.99182 0.99219 0.99255 7
83 0.99255 0.99290 0.99324 0.99357 0.99390 0.99421 0.99452 6
0 .99452 0.99482 0.99511 0.99540 0.99567 0.99594 0.99619 5
85
86
0.99619
0.99756
0 ......
0.99n6
0.99668
0.99795
0.99692
0.99813
0.99714
0.99831
0.99736
0.99847
0.99756
0.99853 •
3
87
88
89'
0.99863
0.99939
0.99985
0.99878
0 .99949
0.99989
0.99892
0.99958
0.99993
0."'"
0.99958
0.99996
0.99917
0.99973
0.99998
0.99929
0.99979
1.00000
0.99939
0 .99985
1.00000
•
1
11'
60'
'"' ... 30' 20' 10' 0' ...."
NATURAL COSINES
A MERI CAN INS T ITUTE 01' S T EI!;I., C ONST RUCTION.
•
3 ••
30
31
0.5n35
0 .60086
0 .58124
0.60483
0 .58513
0.60881
0 .58905
0.61280
0.59297
0.61681
0 .59691
0.62083
0.60086
0.62487
0 .64941
,.
59
57
32 0.62487 0.62892 0 . 63299 0.63707 0.64117 0.64528
33 0. 64941 0.65355 0 .65771 0.66189 0.66608 0.67028 0.67451 56
34
--
35
0.67451
0 .70021
0.67875
0.70455
0.68301
0 .70891
0.68728
0.71329
0.69157
0.71769
0 .69588
0 .72211
0.70021
0.72654
"
54
36 0.72654 0.73100 0. 73547 0.73996 0 . 74447 0.74900 0 . 75355 53
37 0. 75355 0.75812 0.76272 0 .76733 0.77196 0 .77661 0. 78129 52
38
39
0. 78129
0.80978
0.78598
0 .81461
0.79070
0.81946
0.79544
0.82434
0.80020
0.82923
0.80498
0 .83415
0.80978
0.83910 "
50
NATURAL COTANGENTS
AM E R ICAN I NSTI T U TE OF STEEL CO N S T RUCTI O N
-
389
NATURAL TANGENTS
---
Anglo 0' 10' 20' 30' 40' 50' 60'
.,'
46
1.00000
1.03553
1.00583
, .04158
1.01170
1.04766
1.01761
1.05378
1.02355
1.05994
, .02952
1.06613
1.03553
1.07237
44'
43
47 1.07237 1.07864 1.08496 1.09131 1.09nO 1.10414 1.11061 42
48 1.11061 1.11713 1.12369 1.13029 1.13694 1.14363 1.15037 41
49 1.15037 \.15715 1.16398 1.17085 1.1m7 1.18474 1.19175 40
-- --
50 1.19175 1.19882 1.20593 1.21310 1.22031 1.22758 1.23490 39
51 1.23490 1.24227 1.24969 1.25717 1.26471 1.27230 1.27994 38
52 1.27994 1.28764 1.29541 1.30323 1.31110 1.31904 1.32704 37
53 1.32704 1.33511 , .34323 1.35142 , .35968 1.36800 1.37638 36
54 1.37638 1.38484 1 .39336 1.40195 t .41061 1.41934 1.42815 35
NATURAL COTANGENTS
AMERICAN I NST I TUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCT I ON
390
NATURAL SECANTS
"".
,
0' '0' 20' 30' 40' 50' 60'
.
.
0- 1.00000 1.00001 , .00002 , .00004 1.00007 1.00011 1.00015 "
1.00(115 1.00021 , .00027 1.0003'1 1.00042 1.00051 1.00061 sa
2 1.00061 1.<JOOn , .00083 1.00095 1.00106 1.00122 1 . 00137 87
3 1.00137 1.001 53 1.00169 1.(XH87 1.00205 1.1lO224 1.00244
•
5
•
7
1.00244
1.00382
1.00551
1.00751
1.00265
1.00406
1.00582
1.00787
1 .00287
1.00435
1.006'4
1.00625
1.00309
1.00463
1.00047
1.00663
1.00333
1.00491
1.0068'
1.00902
1.00357
1.00521
1.00715
1.00942
1.00382
1.00551
1.00751
, .00983
..
85
83
82
8 1.00983 1.01024 1.01067 1.01111 1.01155 , .01200 1.01247 81
• 1.01247 1.01294 1.01342 1.01391 1.01440 1.01491 1.01543 80
,.
15 , .03528
1.04030
1.04569
1.03609
1.04117
1.04663
1.03691
1.04206
1.04757
1.03n..
1.04295
1.04853
1.03858
1.04385
1 .04950
t .03944
1.044n
1.05047
1.04030
1.04569
1.05146
,.
73
72
,.
17
18 1.05146 1.05246 1.05347 1.05449 1 .05552 1.05657 1.05762 71
1.05762 1.05869 1.05976 1.06085 1.06195 1.08306 1.06418 70
.,
<0 1,30541
1.32501
1 ,30861
1 .32838
1 .31183
1.331n
1.31509
1.33519
1.31837
, .33864
, .32168
1.34212
1.32501
1 . 34563 ...••
.
42
•3
"
1.34563
1,36733
1.39016
1 .34917
1.37105
1 ,39409
1.35274
1.37481
1.39804
1.35634
1.37860
1.40203
1,35997
1,38242
1.40808
1. 36363
1 .38628
1.41012
1.36733
1.39016
1.41421
47
I ""
60' 50' <0' 30' 20'
I '0' 0' A/lGJt
NATURAL COSECANTS
NATURAL SECANTS
-""'.-
.......
0' 10' 20' 30' ,"' 50' 60'
-'"39-
1.52425 1.52938 1.5J.i55 1.539n 1.54504 1.550J6 1.55572
.
55 1.74345 1.75808
56 1.78829 1.79604 1,80388 1.8"80 1.81981 1.62790 , .83608 33
57 1.83608 1.84435 1.85271 1.86116 1.86970 1.87834 1.88708 32
1.88708 1.89591 1.90485 1.91388 1.92302 1.93226 1.94160 31
59 . 1.94160 1.95106 1.96062 1.97029 1.98008 1.98998 2.00000 30
--
...
87
88
19.10732
28.65371
57 .29869
20.23028
31.25158
68.75136
21.49368 22.92559 24.56212 26.45051
34.38232 38.20155 42 .97571 49.11406
85.94561 114.59301 171.88831 343.n516
28.65371
57.29869
Infinite.
- -
2
1
O·
NATURAL COSECANTS
,
AME .. ICAN INSTITUTE 01" STE:£L CONSTRUCTION
392
.01
F UNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
.49
,..
--
Squar.
"".. ~ua,e
~,
C;"IMI
R... l~rlthm
,..
X
Reciprocal
No. _ Diameter
C,rcum.
. Area
.01 .0001 .000001 0.1000 0.2154 '.00000 100000 . ()()() .03142 .000079
.02 .0004 .000008 0.1414 0.2714 ~.30103 50000.000 .06283 .00031 4
.03 .0009 .000027 0.1732 0.3107 2.4n12 33333.333 .09425 .000707
.04 .0016 .000064 0.2000 0.3420 '.60206 25000.000 .12566 .001257
.05 .0025 .000125 0.2236 0.3684 2.69897 20000.000 .15708 .001964
.36 .1296 .046656 0.6000 0.711 4 1.55630 2m .778 1.13097 .101 768
.37 . 1369 .050653 0.6083 0.7179 1.56820 2702.703 1.16239 .107521
.38 . 1444 .054872 0.6164 0.7243 t .57978 2631.579 1. 19381 .113411
.39 . 1521 .059319 0.6245 0.7306 1.59106 2564.103 1.22522 .119459
.• 0 . 1600 .064000 0.6325 0.7368 1. 60206 2500.000 1.2566 . 125664
.50
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
.99
•• Squat.
"' . sa:~. "'.
""'"
loguithm
'000
X
Reciproc,1
No ._ D~
e...,......
I ""
.50 .2500 • • 25000 0.7071 0.7937 f .69897 2000.000 1.5706 .'9635
.51
.52 ."'"
.27"
.132651
.• <0606
0.7141
0.7211
0.7990
0.8041
1.70757
1.71600
1960.784
1923.0n
1.6022
1.6336
.20428
.21237
.63
.54
.2809
.2916
.1488n
.157464
0:1280
0.7348
0.8093
0.8143
1.72428
1.73239
1886.793
1851.852
1._
1.6965 ."""
.22902
.55
.56
.57
.302'
.3136
.3249
.166375
.175616
.185193
0.7416
0.7483
0.7550
0.8193
0.8243
0.8291
1.74036
1.74819
1.75587
1818.182
1785.714
1754.386
1.7279
1.7593
1.7907
.,-
.23758
.25518
. 58 .3354 .195112 0.7616 0 ...... 1.76343 1724.138 1.8221 .26421
••9 .3481 0.7681 1.n065
.-
.206379 0.8387 1694.915 1.8535 .27340
.,.
.60
.62
.3600
.3721
.216000
.'226981
.238328
O.n46
0.7810
0.7874
0.8434
0.8481
0.8527
lon81S
1.78533
1.79239
1666.667
1639.344
1612.903
1.8850
1.91&4
1.9478
.28274
.2922'
.30191
.63 .3969 .250047 0.7937 0.8573 1.79934 1587.30'2 1.9792 . 31 173
.54 .4006 .262144 0.8000 0.8618 1.80618 1562.500 2.0106 . 32170
.65
.56
•fiT
.,.
.88
.....
.4225
.4356
....,.,
.4761
.274625
.287496
.300763
.314432
0.8062
0.8124
0.8185
0.8248
0.8662
0.8707
0.8750
0.8794
"1.81291
1.81954
f .82607
1.83251
1538.462
1515.152
1492.537
1470.588
2.0420
2.0735
2.1049
2.1363
.33183
.34212
.35257
.36317
.328509 0.8307 0.8837 1.83885 1449.275 2.16n .37393
-
.70 .'900 .343000 0.8367 0.8879 f .84510 1428.571 2.1991 .3&185
.71 .504' .357911 0.8425 0.8921 f .85125 1408.451 '.2305 .39592
.72 .5184 .373248 0.8485 0.8963 , .85733 1388.889 '.2tl2O .40715
.73
.74
.75
.5329
.5476
.5625
.389017
.""'"
.421875
0._
0.""
0.6660
0.9004
0.9045
O.!1086
1.86332
, .86923
f .87506
1369.863
1351.351
1333.333
'.2934
2.3248
2.3562
..
.41854
.44179
.76 .5n6 .438976 0.8718 0.9126 t .88081 1315 .790 2.3876 .'5355
.n .5929 .'56633 0.8n5 0.9166 , .88649 1298.701 2.4190 .4M66
.78 .6084 .474552 0.8832 0.9205 1.89209 1282.051 2.4504 . • 7784
.7' .6241 .493039 0 ..... 0.9244 , .89753 1265.823 2.4819 .49017
.80 .6400 .512000 0._ 0.9283 1.90309 1250.000 2.5133 .50266
.8'
.82
.656'
.6724
.531441
.551368
0.9000
0.9055
0.9322
0.9360
, .90849
, .91381
1234.568
1219.512
2.5447
2.5761
.51530
.52810
.S3 .6889 .571787 0.9110 0.9398 , .91908 1204.819 2.6075 .54 106
.B4 .7056 .592704 0.9165 0.9435 f .92428 1190.476 '.6389 .55418
.85 .7225 .614125 0.9220 0.9473 '.92942 1176.471 2.6704 .56745
...
.86
.87
.8'
.7396
.7569
.n..
.7921
.636056
.658503
.681472
.704969
0.9274
0.9327
0.9381
0.9434
0.9510
0.""
0.9583
0.9619
f .93450
f .93952
f .94448
f .94939
1162.791
1149.425
1136.364
1123.596
2.7018
2.7332
2.7646
2.7960
.58088
.59447
.60821
.62211
.90 .8100
.....
.729000 0.9487 0.9655 1.95424 1111.111 2.8274 .63617
•••
...
.92
.•3 .....
.828'
.8836
.753571
.ne,..
.804357
.830584
0.9539
0.9592
0._
0.9695
0.9691
0.9726
0.9761
0.9796
, .95904
, .96379
I. .....
1.97313
1098.901
1086.957
1075.269
1063.830
2.8589
'.8903
2.9217
2.9531
.65039
.,,.,.
.66476
.,-
.9' .902' .857375 0.9747 0.9830 1.97772 1052.532 2.9845 .70882
.96 .9216 .884736 0.9798 0.9865 1.98227 1041.667 3.0159 .72382
.!f7 .9409 .912573 0.9849 0._ 1.986n 1030.928 3.0473 .73898
.98 .9604 .941192 0._ 0.9933 f .99123 1020.408 3.0788 .75430
.99 .9110' .970'299 0.9950 0.9967 1.99564 1010 .101 3.1,02 .769n
1
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
49
N•.
--
SqUItO e." ~\J.,e
00' ....,
Co" Logarithm
,..
X
ReciprOCI I
No. _ Olamet.r
Circum.
""
I 1 1 1.0000 1.0000 •. 00000 1()()() . ()()() 3.142 0.7854
2
3 •
9
8
27
1.4142
1.7321
1.2599
, .4422
0.30103
0.47712
500.000
333.333
6.283
9.425
3.1416
7.0686
•5 16
25
64
125
2.0000
2.2361
1.5874
1.7100
0.60206
0.69897
250.000
200.000
12.566
15.708
12.5664
19.6350
6 36 216 2.4495 1.8171 0.77815 166.667 18.850 28.2743
7 49 343 2.6458 , .91'29 0.84510 142.857
,
8
I.
64
81
100
512
729
1000
2.8284
3.0000
3 .1623
2.0000
2.0801
2.1544
•• 90309
0.95424
1.00000
125.000
111.111
100.000
21.991
25.133
28.274
31,416
38.4845
50.2655
63.6173
78.5398
11 121 1331 3.3166 2.2240 t .04139 90.9091 34.558 95.0332
12 144 1728 3.4641 2.2894 1.07918 83.3333 37.699 113.097
13 16' 2197 3.6056 2.3513 1.11394 76.9231 40.841 132,732
I. 196 2744 3.7417 2.4101 1.14613 71.4286 43.982 153.938
15 225 3375 3.8730 2 .4662 1.17609 66.6667 47.124 176.715
16 256 4096 ' .0000 2.5198 1.20412 62.5000 50.265 201.062
17 289 4913 4.1231 2.5713 1.23045 58.8235 53.407 226.980
18 32' 5832 4.2426 2.6207 1 .25527 55.5556 56.549 254.469
19
20
361
400
685'
8000
4.3589
4.4721
2.""
2.7144
1.27875
1.30103
52 .6316
50.0000
59.690
62.832
283.529
314.159
21
22
23
2.
25
26
27
441
484
529
576
625
676
729
9261
1064'
12167
13824
15625
17576
19683
.. -
4.5826
4.6904
4.7958
5.0000
5.0990
5.1962
2.7589
2.8020
2.8439
2.8845
2.9240
2.9625
3.0000
1.32222
1.34242
1.36173
1.38021
1.39794
1.41497
1.43136
47.6190
45.4545
43.4783
41 .6667
40.0000
38.4615
37.0370
65.973
69.115
72.257
75.398
78.540
81.681
84.823
346.361
380.133
415.476
452.389
490.874
530.929
572.555
28 784 21952 5.2915 3.0366 1. 44716 35.7143 87 .965 615.752
29 841 2438' 5.3852 3.0723 1.46240 34.4828 91 .106 660.520
30 900 27000 5.4n2 3.1072 l.4n12 33.3333 94.248 706.858
31 961 29791 5.5678 3.1414 1.49136 32.2581 97.389 754.768
32 102. 32768 5.6569 3.1748 1.50515 31.2500 100.531 804.248
33 108' 35937 5.7446 3.2075 1.51851 30.3030 103.673 855.299
34 1156 3.304 5.8310 3.2396 1 .53148 29.4118 106.814 907.920
35 1225 42875 5.9161 3.2711 1.54407 28.5714 109.956 962.113
36 1296 46656 6.0000 3.3019 1.55630 Zl.7778 113.097 1017.88
37 136' 50653 6.0828 3.3322 1.56820 Zl.0270 116.239 1075.21
38 1444 54872 6.1644 3.3620 1.57978 26.3158 119.381 11 34.11
3. 1521 59319 6.2450 3.3912 1.59106 25.6410 122.522 1194 . 59
40 1500 64000 6.3246 3.4200 1.60206 '25.0000 125.66 1256.64
41 1681 68921 6.4031 3.4482 1.61Zl8 24.3902 128.81 1320.25
.2 1764 74088 6.4807 3.4760 1.62325 23.8095 131.95 1385.44
.3 184' 79507 6.s;.74 3.5034 1.63347 23.2558 135.09 1452.20
44 1836 85184 6.6332 3.5303 1.64345 22.7273 138.23 1520.53
'5 2025 91125 6.7082 3.5569 1 .65321 22.= 141.37 1590.43
46 2116 97336 6.7823 3.5830 1.66Zl6 21.7391 144.51 1661.90
47 2209 103823 6.8557 3.5088 1 .67210 21.2766 147.65 1734.94
48 2304 110592 6.9282 3.6342 1. 68124 20.8333 150.80 1809.56
•• 2401 117649 7.0000 3.6593 1.69020 20.4082 153.94 1885.74
50
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
99
N.
- -
,,_. '""'
,,_.
.... """'..., Loouitllm
..
,
~_I
X
No. -
Circum.
0 1."* ...
"'M
50 2"'" 125000 7.0711 3._ 1.69897 20.0000 157.08 1963.50
51 2601 132651 7.1414 3.7084 1.70757 19.6078 160.22 2042.82
52
53
"04
2809
1<0608
"8an
7.2111
7.2801
3.7325
3.7563
1.71600
1.72428
19.2308
18.8679
163.36
166.50
2123.72
2206.18
54 2916 157464 7.3485 3.7798 1.73239 18.5185 169.65 229Q.22
55 3025 166375 7.4162 3.8030 1.7-4036 18.1818 172.79 2375.83
56 3136 175616 7._ 3 .8259 1.74819 17.8571 175.93 ~.Ol
57 3249 185193 7.5498 3.&485 1.75587 17 .5439 179.07 2551.76
58 3364 195112 7.6158 3.8709 1.76343 17 .2414 182.21 2642.08
59 3481 205379 7.6811 3.8930 I.noss 16.9492 185 .35 2733.97
60 3600 216000 7.7460 3.91 49 I.n8IS 16.6667 188.50 2827.43
-
61 3721 226981 7.8102 3.9365 t .78533 16.3934 191.64 2922.47
62 3844 238328 7.8740 3.9579 , .79239 16.1290 194.78 3019.07
63 3969 250047 7.9373 3.9791 1.79934 15.8730 197.92 3117.25
64 262144 8.0000 '.0000 1.80618 15.6:250 201.06 3216.99
65 .225 2746:25 8.0623 4.0207 , .81291 15.3846 204.20 3318.31
66 <356 287496 8.1240 4.0412 1.81954 15. 1515 207.35 3421.19
67
68
<4"
462'
300763
314432
8.1854
8.2462
4.0615
4.0817
1.82607
1.83251
14.9254-
14. 7059
210.49
213.63
3525.65
3631.68
69 4761 328509 8.3066 4.1016 1.83885 14.49'28 216.n 3739,28
71J '900 3<JOOO 8.3666 4.1213 1.84510 14 ,2857 219,91 3848.-15
71 5041 357911 8, 4261 4.1408 1.85126 14,0845 223.05 3959,19
72 5184 373248 8.4853 4.1602 1.85733 13,8889 226.19 4071 .50
73 5329 389017 8."'" 4.1793 1,86332 13.6986 229.34 4185 . 39
74 5'" <05". 8.6023 4,1983 1,869'23 13 .5135 232.48 <300.84
75 5625 421875 8.6603 4,2112 1,87506 13.3333 235.62 4417.86
76 5776 <38976 8,7178 '.2358 1,88081 13.1579 238.76 4536,46
77 5928 .56533 8,n50 4.2543 1.88649 12,9870 241.90 4656.63
78 6084 474552 8.8318 '.2727 1.89209 12,8205 245.04 4778.36
79 6241 '93039 8.8882 '.2908 1.89763 12.6582 248.19 4901.67
8,9443 '4,3267
.3089
80
81
82
"""
6561
6724
512000
53144 1
551368
9.0000
9.0554 4.3445
1.90309
1. 90&49
1 ,91381
12,5000
12.3457
12.1951
251 . 33
254.47
257.61
5026.55
5153.00
5281.02
83 6889 571787 9,1104 4.3621 1 .91908 12.0482 260,75 54 10.61
84 7056 592704 9,1652 4 . 3795 1 .92428 11 .9048 263.89 5541.n
85 7225 61 4125 9 . 2195 '.3968 1.92942 11.7647 267,04 5674.50
98 7396 636066 9.2736
.
4.4140 1.93450 11.6279 270,18 58<l8.80
87 7569 658503 9.3274 4,4310 1.93952 11.4943 273.32 5944.68
88 7744
7921
68'472
704969
9.3808
9.4340
4.4480
4.4647 I."'"
1.94939
' 1.3636
11 .2360
276,46
279.60
6082. 12
6221, 14
90 8100 729000 9.4868 4.4814 1.95424 11.1111 282,74 6361.73
91 8281 753571 9.5394 4 .4979 1.95904 10.9890 285.88 6503.88
92 6464 778688 9.5917 4.5144 1.96379 10.8696 289,03 6647.61
93 8649 804357 9.6437 4 .5307 1.96848 10.7527 292. 17 6792.91
94 8836 830584 9.6954 '.6468 1.97313 10.6383 295.31 6939.78
95 902' 857375 9.7468 4.5629 1 . 97772 10.5263 298.45 7088.22
96 9216 ...736 9.7980 4.5789 1.98227 10.4167 301.59 7238.23
97 9409 912673 9.8489 4.5947 1.986n 10.3093 304.73 7389,81
98 9604 941192 9._ 4.6104 1.99123 10.2041 307.88 7542.96
99 9801 970299 9.9499 4.6261
I."'" 10.1010 311.02 7697.69
100
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
149
N(I. _ Diameter
' 00 10000
'0201
'000000
1030301
10.0000
10.0499
4.6416
4.6570
2.00000
2.00432
10.0000
9.90099
314.16
317.30
7853.98
8011.85
10'
'02 '0404
10609
1061208
1092727
10.099~
10.1489
4.6723
4 .6875
2.00860
2.01284
9.80392
9.70874
320. 44
323.58
8171.28
8332.29
'03
104 10816 1124864 10.1980 4.71J27 2.01703 9.61538 326.73 8494.87
,.,.
145 21025
21316
3048625
3112136
3176523
12.0416
12.0830
12. 1244
5.2536
5.2656
5.2n6
2.16137
2. 16435
2.16732
6.89655
6.84932
6.80272
455.~
458.67
461.81
16513.0
16741.5
16971. 7
147 21609
148 2'904 3241792 12.1655 5.2896 2.17026 6.75676 464.96 17203.4
468.10
'49 2220' 3307949 12.2066 5.3015 2.17319 6.71141 17436.6
150
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
199
C"CUfOI. ,,,.
.50 22500 3375000 12. 2474 5.3133 2.17609 6.66667
6.62252
471.2<4
474.38
17671.5
17907.9
15' 2260' 3442951 12.2882 5.3251 2.17898
152 23104 3511808 12 .3288 5.3J68 2.18184 6.57895 ..n.S2 181-45.8
153 3581sn 12.3693 5 .3485 2.18469 •. 53595 ""'.66 18385.4
."
23409
23716 3652264 12.4097 5.3601 2.18752 6. 49351 483.81 18626.5
...
."
157
'58
24025
24336
2.....'
24....
3723875
3796416
3869893
3944312
12.4-499
12.4900
12.5300
12.5698
5.3717
5.3832
5.3947
5. 4061
2.19033
2.19312
2.19590
2.19866
6.45161
6.41026
6.36943
6.32911
486.95
490.09
493.23
496.37
18869.2
19113.4
19359.3
19606.7
."
.60
25281
25600
4019679 12.6095
12.6491
5.4175
5.4288
2.20140
2.20412
6.28931
6.25000
499.51
502.65
19855.7
20106.2
' 096000
25921 12.6886 5.4401 2.20683 6 .21 118 505.80 :20358.3
'"~ 41 73281
."
......... ".-
262" 4251528 12.7279 5.4514 2.20952 6.17284 508."
512.08
20012 .0
20867.2
'63 2656' 4330747 12.7671 5.4626 2.21219 6.13497
". 26696 12.BOG2 5.4737 2.21484 6.09756 515.22
518.36
211Z4.1
21382 . 5
27225 44921 25 12.8452 5. 4848 2.21748 6.06061
27556 4574296 12.8&41 5.4959 2.22011 6.02410 521.50 2 1642 . 4
.., ,....
"7
170
27889
28224
28900
4657463
4741632
4826809
4913000
12 .9228
12.9615
13.0000
13.0384
5.5069
5.5178
5.5288
5.5397
2.22272
2.22531
2.22789
2.23045
5.98802
5.95238
5.91716
5.88235
524.65
527.79
530.93
534.07
21904.0
22167.1
22431.8
22698.0
5000211 13.0767 5.5505 2.23300 5.84795 537.21 22965.'
'" 2''''
172
173
174
29584
29929
3027.
5088448
51ml7
526802'
13.1149
13.1529
13 .1909
13.2288
5.5613
5.5711
5.5828
5.5934
2.23553
2.23805
2.2<055
2.24304
5.81395
5.78035
5.74713
5.71429
......
""'.35
543.50
549.78
23235.2
23508.2
23m.7
24052.8
175 30625 5359375
176 3097. 5451n6 13.2665 5.6041 2.24551 5.68182 552.92 24328.5
177 31329 5545233 13.3041 5.6147 2.24797 5.64971 556.06 24605. 7
17' 31684 5639752 13.3417 5.6252 2.25042 5.61798 559.20 24884.6
."
.80
3204.
:r.!4OO
5735339
5832000
13.3791
13.4164
5.6357
5.6462
2.25285
2.25527
5.56559
5.55556
562.35
565.49 ......,
25164.9
."." 32761
33124
592974 1
6028568
13 .4536
13.4007
5.6567
5.6671
2.25768
2.26007
5.52486
5.49451
"'.63
571.n
25730. 4
26015.5
." 33489 6128487 13.5277 5.6n4 2.26245 5 ........ 574.91 26302.2
......
lB' 33856 6229504 13.5647 5.68n 2.26482 5 .43478 578.05 26500. 4
li
'90 6859000
19. 3648. 6967871 13.8203 5.7590 5.23560 600.04 28652. 1
...
192
'93
195
36864
3724'
37636
38025
70n888
7189057
730''''
74 14875
13.8564
13 . 8924
13.9284
13.9642
5.7690
5.7790
5.7890
5.7989 2.29003
5.20833
5.18135
5.15464
5.12821
603. 19
"'.33
609.47
612.61
28952.9
29255.3
29559.2
29864.8
...
' 96
197
'99
384'.
38809
3920<
3960.
7529636
7645373
n62392
7880599
1-4.0000
14.0357
14 .0712
1-4 . 1067
5 .....
5.8186
'.8285
5.8383
2.26226
2.29447
2.29667
2.29885
5.10204
5.07614
5.05051
5.02513
615.75
618.89
622.04
625.18
30171.9
30480.5
30790.7
31102 . 6
200
FUNCT I O NS OF NUMBERS
249
No. _ OI."",le.
No. Sq",l(O
'""'
~.
"'"'
R~'
logarithm "'"
X
Reclprocal Circum. Ar ••
200
20'
202
203
204
,-
40000
«",lI
41209
" 1616
BOOOOOO
8120601
8242408
8365427
8489664
14.1421
14.1774
14.2127
14.2478
14.2829
14 .3178
5.8480
5.8578
5.8675
5.8771
5.8868
5.8964
l:=
2.31175
'.00000
4.97512
4 .95050
4.92611
4.90196
4.87805
628.32
631.46
634.60
""' ...
637.74
644.03
31415.9
31730.9
32047.4
32365.5
32685. 1
33006.'
205 ' 202' 8615125
206 42436 8741 816 14.3527 5.9059 2.31387 4.85437 M7.17 33329,2
207 ' 2849 8869743 14.3875 5.9155 2.31597 4.83092 650.31 33653.'
20B
209 ,,...
43264 8998912
9129329
14.4222
14.4568
5.9250
5.9345
2.31806
2.32015
4 .80769
4.78469
653.45
656.59
33979.5
34307.0
22' 5062'
51076
11390625
11543176
15.0000
15.0333
6.0922
6.0912
2.35218
2.35411
,........
4 .42478
706.86
710.00
39760.8
40115.0
226
227 51529 11697083 15.0665 6.1002 2.35603 '.40529 713 .1 4
716.28
40470.8
40828.1
228 51984 11852352 15.0997 6.1091 2.35793 4.38596
229 52441 12008989 15.1327 6.1180 2.35984 4 .36681 719 .42 41187.1
24'
.40 6002'
60516
14706125
14886936
15.6525
15.6844
6.2573
6.2658
2.3891 7
2.39094
4 .08163
'4 .06504
769.69
n 2.83
47143.5
47529.2
247 61 009 15069223 15.7162 6.2743 2.39270 .04858 n 5.97 47916. 4
248 61 504 15252992 15.7480 6.2928 2 .39445 4.03226 n9. 12 48305. 1
249 62001 15438249 15.n97 6.2912 2.39620 4 .0 1606 782.26 48695 . 5
250
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
299
I.'
No. _ Oi ......
N•• Square Co," ~~. "',
'00' Logarithm "."
X
Ro<;lprocal Circum. A.a.
.....
260 17576000 16 .1245 6.3825 2.41497 3.84615
261 68121 lm9581 16.1555 6.3907 2.41664 3.83142 819.96 53502.1
262
253 69169
'_728
18191447
16.1864
16.2173
6.3988
6.4070
2.41830
2.41996
3.81679
3.B0228
823.10
826.24
53912.9
54325.2
264 69696 18399744 16.2481 6.4151 2.42160 3.78788 829.38 54739.1
265 70225 18609625 16. 2788 6.4232 2.42325 3.77358 832.52 55154.6
266 70756 18821096 16.3095 6.4312 2.42488 3.75940 835.66 55571.6
267 71289 19034163 16.3401 6.4393 2.42651 3.74032 838.81 55990.2
268 71824 19248832 16.3707 6.4473 2.42813 3.73134 841.95 56410.4
26' 72361 19465109 16.4012 6.4553 2.42975 3.71747 845.09 56832.2
300
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
349
N••
--
$Qu." ,,", ~. "M
"00' looa, ithm
,..
X
Reciprocal
No. _ Oiamel"
Ci rcum. Area
305
92416
.3025
""""""
28372625
17 .4356
17.4642 6.7313
2.48287
2.48430
3.28947
3.27869
955.04
958.19
72583.4
73061.7
306 .3636 28652616 17.4929 6.7387 2.48572 3.26797 961,33 73541.5
307 94249 28934443 17 .5214 6.7460 2.48714 3.25733 964.47 74023.0
308 94864 29218112 17.5499 6.7533 2.48855 3.24675 967.61 74506.0
309 .5481 29503629 17 .5784 6.7606 2.48996 3.23625 970.75 74990.6
350
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
399
14_
1178 . 1 110447
37. 141376 53157376 19.3907 7.2177 2.57519 2.65957 1181.2 111036
In 142129 53582633 19.4165 7.2240 2.57634 2.65252 1184.4 111628
378 54010152 19.4422 7.2304 2.57749 2.64550 1187.5 112221
379 143641 54439939 19.4679 7.2368 2.57864 2.63852 1190.7 112815
360 .44400 54872000 19.4936 7.2432 2.57978 2.63158 1193.8 113411
38. 145161 5530634. 19.5192 7.2495 2.58093 2.62467 1196.9 114009
382 145924 55742968 19.5448 7.2558 2.58206 2.61780 1200.1 114608
383 '46689 56181887 19.5704 7.2622 2.58320 2.6Hl97 1203.2 115209
364 147456 56623104 19.5959 7.2685 2.58433 2.60417 1206.4 115812
365 148225 57066625 19.6214 7.2748 2.58546 2.59740 1209.5 1160416
386 .48996 57512456 19.6469 7.2811 2.58659 2.59067 1212.7 11 7021
387 149769 57960603 19.6723 7.2874 2.58771 2.58398 1215.8 117628
388 '50544 5841 1072 19.6977 7.2936 2.58883 2.57732 1218.9 118237
38' 151321 6666386' 19.7231 7.2999 2.58995 2.57069 1222.1 118847
390 152100 593'9000 19.7484 7.3061 2.59106 2.56410 1225.2 119459
391 152881 59776471 19.7737 7.3124 2.59218 2.55754 1228.4 .200n
392 .53664 60236266 19.7990 7.3186 2.59329 2.55102 1231 . 5 .20667
393
394 '5444'
.55236
60698457
61162984
19.8242
19.8494
7 . 3248
7.3310
2.59439
2.59550
2.54453
2.53807
1234.6
1237.8
121304
121922
I l~ l i=~
395 19.8746 7 . 3372 2.59660 2.53165 1240.9 '22542
396 19.8997 7.3434 2.59770 2.52525 1244.1 123163
397 19.9249 7 . 3496 2.59879 2.51889 1247 . 2 123786
398 19.9499 7 . 3566 2.59988 2.51256 1250.4 124410
399 63521199 19.9750 7.3619 2.60097 2.50627 1253.5 .25036
400
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
-,
449
No.
""" "1:::' ....
Co" Logvithm
,..
X
Rod....
N... _ DI • ....ter
Ci.o;um.
'""
.''"'"
400 160000
160601
161604 ........
&lO000OO
64481201
20.0000
20."""
20.0499
7.3681
7 .3742
7.3803
7._
2.60'206
2.6031 4
2.60423
2.60531
2.50000
2.493n
2.48756
2.48139
1256 .6
1259.8
1262.9
1'25664
126293
126923
127556
""
""
162..,.
163216
654508Z7
6593_
20.0749
20.0998 7.3925 2.60638 2.47525
1266.1
1269.2 128190
...,. ,.....
""
, ..",. 66430125 20.1246 7.3906 2.60746 2.46914 1272.3 128825
""
..,.
""
.....
,''''''
167281
66923416
67419143
67917312
68417929
20.1494
20.1742
20.1990
20.2237
7.4047
7.4108
7.4169
7. 4229
2.60853
2.60959
2 .61066
2.61172
2A6305
2.45700
2.45098
2.44499
1275.5
1278.6
1281.8
1284.9
129462
130100
130741
131382
,....,
427 182329 77854483 20.6640 7.5302 2.63043 2.34192 1341.5 143201
428 183184 78402752 20.6882 7.5361 2.63144 2.33645 1344.6 143872
.29 79953589 20.7123 7.5420 2.63246 2.33100 1347.7 1445045
,.-
43' 192721 84604519 20.9523 7.6001 2.54246 2.2n90 1379.2 151363
...
442
443 196249
197136
86350888
8(;938307
87528384
21.0238
21.0476
21.0713
7.6174
7.6232
7.6289
2.64542
2 .64540
2.64738
2.26244
2.25734
2.25225
1388.6
1391.7
1394.9
153439
154134
154930
......
'45
44'
198025
198916
199809
200704
88121125
88716536
89314623
99915392
21.0950
21.1187
21.1424
21.1660
7.5346
7.6403
7 .....
7.6517
2.64836
2.64933
2 .65031
2.65128
2.24719
2.24215
2.23714
2.23214
1398.0
1401.2
1404.3
1407.4
155528
156228
156930
157633
44. 201601 90518849 21.1896 7.6574 2.65225 2.22717 1410.6 158337
450
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
499
Ci«:um.
""
450 202500 91125000 21.2132 7.6631 2.65321 2.22222 1413.7 159043
451 2034<l1 91733851 21.2368 7."" 2.65418 2.21729 1416.9 159751
452 204304 92345408 21.2603 7.6744 2.65514 2.21239 1420.0 160460
453 2<>5200 929596n 21.2838 7.6801 2.65610 2.20751 1423.1 161171
454 206116 93576664 21.3073 7.6857 2.65706 2.20264 1426.3 161883
llk~
481 231361 7.8352
482 232324 21.9545 7.8400 2.68305 2.07469 1514.2 182467
483 233289 21.9nJ 7.8460 2.68395 2.07039 1517 .4 18322'
484 234256 22.0000 7.8514 2.68485 2.06612 1520.5 183964
500
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
549
,..
--
Squ .... 0.." ~".'8
00' '0"
Roo' Logarithm
,..
X
RIIC;procal
No. - Diameter
Circ.um. Area
550
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
599
No. - Diameter
600
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
..
649
, _Di_*
,,-
No.
No. e." 'C. e."
Roo'
Logar,thm X
Aeeiproul Corwm . ....
600
601
602
603
36_
360000
361201
363609
216000000
217081801
218167208
219256227
24.4949
24.5153
24.5357
24.5561
8.4343
8.4390
.......
8.4437
2.77815
2.77887
2.n960
2.78032
1.66667
1.66389
1.66113
1.65837
1885.0
1888.1
1891.2
1894.4
.....
282743
,
283687
285578
604 364816 :12OO4a864 24.5764 8.4530 2.78,04 1.65563 1897.5 ,...26
606
606
607
366025
36_
367Zl6
36844'
221445125
222545016
223648543
24.5967
24.6171
24.6374
B.4sn
8.4623
'.4670
2.78176
2.78247
2.78319
1.65289
1.65017
1.64745
1900.7
1903.8
1906.9
.....,.
287475
289379
608 224751)712 24.65n 8.4716 2.78390 1.644704 1910.1 290333
609 370681 225866529 24.6n9 8.4763 2.78462 1.64204 1913.2 291289
400689
251239591
252<359611
253636137
25.1197
25.1396
25.1595
8.5m
8.5817
8.5862
2.60003
2.80072
2.80140
1.58479
1.58228
1.67978
1982.3
1985. 6
1988.6
312715
313707
314700
634 401956 254840104 25.1794 8.5907 2.80209 1.57729 1991 .8 315696
650
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
699
No. _ Di--'er
". Squat.
"""
~ua ..
~,
. ."
""" L""arithm
'000
X
Reciprocal Cif(:um. Ar ..
685 469225 321 41 9125 26.1725 8.8152 2.83569 1.45985 21 52.0 368528
686 470596 322828856 26.1916 8.8194- 2.83632 1.45n3 2155.1 369605
687 471969 324242703 26.21 07 8.8237 2.83696 1 .45560 2158.3 370664
688 .73344 325660672 26.2298 8 . 8280 2 . 83759 1.45349 2161.4 371764
689 474721 327082769 26.2488 8.8323 2.83822 1 .45138 2164.6 37284'
690 476100 328509000 26.2679 8.8366 2.83885 1.44928 2167.7 373928
691 4n481 329939371 26.2869 8.8408 2.83948 1. 44718 2170.8 375013
692 478864 331373888 26.3059 8.8451 2.84011 1.44509 2174 .0 376099
693 4802.9 332812557 26.3249 8.8493 2.84073 1 .44300 21n. l 3n1 87
694 481636 334255384 26.3439 8.8536 2.84136 1 .44092 2180.3 378276
700
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
749
~I .90000
No... Diameter
Square 00>. ~ua,e C," Logarithm ''''X
00'
""" Roc ip.oe;o l Circum. Area
700
70< 491401
343000000
344472101
26.4575
26. 4764
8.8790
8.8833
2.8451 0
2.84572
1.42857
, .42653
2199. 1
2202.3
38484'
38594'
702 ' 92804 345948408 25.4953 6.8875 2.84634 1.42450 2205 .4 387047
703 . 94209 347428927 26.5141 8.8917 2.84696 , .42248 2208.5 388151
704 495616 348913664 26.5330 8.8959 2.84757 1.42045 2211.7 389256
720 518400 373248000 26. 8328 8.9628 2.85733 1.38889 2261.9 407150
721 519841 374805361 26.8514 8.9670 2.85794 1 .38696 2265.1 408282
722 521284 376367048 26.8701 8.97 11 2.85854 1.38504 2268 . 2 409415
723 '22729 377933067 26 .8887 8.9752 2.85914 1 .38313 2271.4 410550
72' 524176 379503424 26.9072 8.9794 2.85974 1.38122 2274 .5 411687
730 532900 389017000 27. 0 185 9.0041 2.86332 1.36986 2293 .4 418539
731 534361 390617891 27.0370 9 .0082 2.86392 1. 36799 2296.' 419686
732 535824 392223168 27.0555 9. 0123 2 .86451 1 .36612 2299.6 ' 20835
733 537289 393832837 27. 0740 9.0164 2 .86510 1.36426 2302.8 421986
734 538756 395446904 27.0924 9 .0205 2.86570 1.36240 2305.9 423138
73'
736
54022'
541696
397065375
398688256
27.1109
27.1293
9 .0246
9.0287
2 .86629
2.86688
1.36054
1.35870
2309 .1
2312.2
424293
425447
737 543169 400315553 27.1 477 9.0328 2 .86747 1 .35685 2315 .4 .26804
738 544644 401947272 27.1662 9 .0369 2.86806 1 .35501 2318.5 427762
739 546121 403583419 27 .1846 9. 0410 2.86864 1.35318 2321 .6 ' 28922
740 5476(10 405224000 27.2029 9.0450 2.86923 1 .35135 2324 .8 430084
741 549081 406869021 27.2213 9.0491 2.86982 1.34953 2327.9 431247
742 550564 408518488 27.2397 9.0532 2.87040 1 .34771 2331 . 1 43241 2
743 552<>19 410172407 27 .2580 9.0572 2.87099 1 .34590 2334.2 433578
744 553536 411 830784 27 . 2764 9.0613 2.87157 1 .3440!!: 2337 .3 434746
1
409
750
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
799
,= ". _ Oilmllter
00'..
S~t e c...
". Square c...
"00' Log l rithm X
Reciprocal Circum. Area
750 562500 421875000 27.3861 9.0856 2.87506 1.33333 2356.2 441 786
751 564001 423564751 27.4044 9.0896 2.87564 1.33156 2359.3 442965
752 565504 425259008 27.4226 9.0937 2.87622 1.32979 2362.5 444146
753 567009 426957777 27 .4408 9.0977 2.87680 1.32802 2365 .6 445328
754 568516 428661064 27.4591 9.1 017 2.87737 1.32626 2368.8 446511
705 570025 430368875 27 .'1773 9.1057 2.87795 1.32450 2371.9 447697
756 571536 432081216 27 .4955 9.1098 2.87852 , .32275 2375. 0 448863
757 573049 433798093 27 .5136 9.1 138 2.87910 1.32100 2378,2 , soon
758 574564 435519512 27.5318 9.1178 2.87967 t .31926 2381.3 451262
759 576081 437245479 27.5500 9.1218 2.88024 1.31752 2384.5 452453
760 577600 438976000 27.5681 9.1258 2.88081 1 . 31579 2387.6 '53646
761 579121 440711081 27.5862 9.1298 2.88138 1.31406 2390.8 454841
762 580644 442450728 27.6043 9 .1 338 2 .88196 1.31234 2393.9 '56037
763 582169 444194947 27 .6225 9. 1378 2.88252 1.31062 2397.0 457234
764 5636% 445943744 27 .6405 9. 1418 2.88309 1.30890 2400.2 '58434
765 585225 447697125 27 .6586 9. 1458 2.88366 1.30719 2403.3 459635
766 586756 449455096 27.6767 9.1498 2.88423 1.30548 2406.5 460837
767 588289 451217663 27.6948 9. 1537 2.88480 1. 30378 2409.6 462041
768 589824 452984332 27.7128 9.1Sn 2.88536 1.30208 2412.7 463247
769 591361 454756609 27.7308 9.1617 2.88593 1.30039 2415.9 464454
770 592900 456533000 27.7489 9.1657 2.88649 1.29870 2419.0 ' 65663
771 594441 458314011 27.7669 9.1696 2.88705 1.29702 2422.2 466873
772 595984 460099648 27.7849 9.1736 2.88762 1.29534 2425.3 .68085
46_
773 597529 461889917 27.8029 9.1775 2.88818 1.29366 2428.5
774 599076 463684824 27.8209 9.1815 2.88874 1.29199 2431.6 470513
790 624100 ' 93039000 28.1069 9.2443 2 .89763 1.26582 2481.9 490167
791 625681 494913671 28.1 247 9.2482 2.89818 1 .26422 2485.0 491409
792 627264 496793088 28.1 425 9 .2521 2.89873 1 .26263 2488 . 1 492652
793 628849 498677257 28 .1 603 9.2560 2 . 89927 1 .26103 2491.3 493897
794 630436 500566184 28. 1780 9.2599 2.89982 1 .25945 2494.4 495143
795 632025 502459875 28. 1957 9.2638 2.90037 1.25786 2497.6 496391
796 633616 504356336 28.2135 9.2677 2.90091 1.25628 2500.7 497641
797
798
635209
636804
506261573
508169592
28.2312
28.2489
9.2716
9.2754
2.90146
2.90200
1 .25471
1.25313
2503.8
2507. 0
'500145
98892
799 638401 510082399 28.2666 9.2793 2.90255 1 .25156 2510.1 501399
800
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
849
No. Squire
"'" SCe c."
Roo' LOgarithm
,..
X
Rocijl«lCl.l
No. - "'.~~
Circum.
" .
800 640000 512000000 28.2843 9.2832 2.90309 1.25000 2513.3 502655
601 641601 513922401 28.3019 9.2870 2.90363 1.24644 2516.4 503912
602 643204 515849608 28.3196 9.2909 2.90417 1 .24688 2519.6 505171
603 644809 51nS1627 28.3373 9.2948 2.90472 1 .24533 2522.7 506432
604 646416 519718464 28.3549 9.2986 2.90526 1.24378 2525.8 507694
i1
571787000 28.8097 9.3978 2.91908 1.20482 2607.5 541061
573856191 28 .8271 9.4016 2.91960 1 .20337 2610.7 542365
575930368 28._ 9.4053 2.92012 1.20192 2613.8 543671
1m 578009537
580093704
28.8617
28.8791
9.4091
9.4129
2.92065
2.92117
1.21lO48
1.19904
2616.9
2620.1
544979
546288
835 697225 582182875 28.8964 9.4166 2.92169 1.19760 2623.2 547599
836 698696 584277056 28.9137 9.4204 2.92221 1. 19617 2626.4 548912
837 700569 586376253 28 .9310 9.4241 2.92273 1. 19474 2629.5 550226
838 702244 586480472 28.9482 9.4279 2.92324 1.19332 2632.7 551541
839 703921 590589719 28.9655 9.4316 2.92376 1. 19190 2635.8 552858
840 705800 592704000 28.9828 9.4354 2.92428 1. 19048 2838.9 554177
841 707281 594823321 29.0000 9.4391 2 . 92480 1.18906 2642.1 555497
842 708964 596~7688 29.0172 9.4429 2.92531 1. 18765 2645.2 556819
843 710649 599077107 29 .0345 9.4466 2.92583 1.18624 2648.4 558142
844 712336 601211584 29.0517 9.4503 2.92634 1.18483 2651.5 559467
845 714025 603351125 29.0689 9.4541 2.92666 1.18343 2654.6 560794
846 715716 605495736 29.0861 9.4578 2.92737 1.18203 2657.8 562122
....
847
84'
717409
719104
720601
607645423
609600192
611960049
29.1033
29.1204
29. 1376
9.4015
9.4652
9.4090
2.92788
2.92840
2.92891
1.18064
1.17925
1.17786
2660.9
2564.1
2667.2
563452
564783
566116
850
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
899
......
865
867
748225
749956
751689
753424
647214625
649461896
651714363
653972032
29.4109
29.4279
29.4449
29.4618
9.5281
9.5317
9.5354
9.5391
2.93702
2.93752
2.93802
2.93852
1.15607
1.15473
1.15340
1.15207
2717.5
2720.6
2n3.8
2726.9
587655
589014
590375
591738
869 755161 656234909 29.4788 9.5427 2.93902 1.15075 2730.0 583102
895 8010'25 716917375 29.9166 9.6370 2.95182 1.1 1732 2811.7 629124
896 802816 719323136 29.9333 9.64<16 2.95231 1.11607 2814.9 630530
897 804609 721734273 29.9500 9.6442 2.95279 1.11483 2818.0 631938
898 806404 724150792 29._ 9.6477 2.9!l328 1.11359 2821.2 633348
899 ""201 726572699 29.9833 9.6513 2.95376 1. 11235 2824.3 63'1760
900
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
949
N,. SqUIrI
"""'
~ua,e
~,
Co",
Roo, 1.ogarithm
,..X __ 1
R""i ....
No. _ Ol.mole.
Cjrcum. "u
900 810000 729000000 30.0000 9.6549 2.95424 1.11111 2827.4 636173
901 811801 731432701 30.0167 9.6585 2.95472 1.10988 2830.6 637587
902 813604 733870808 30.0333 9 .6620 2.95521 1.10865 2833.7 639003
903 815409 736314327 30.0500 9.6666 2.95569 1. 10742 2636.9 640421
904 817216 738763264 30.0666 9.6692 2.95617 1.10619 284{)'o 6"""
905 819025 741217625 30.0832 9.6727 2.95665 1.10497 2843.1 643261
906 820836 743677416 30.0998 9.6763 2.95713 1.10375 2846.3 644683
907 822649 746142643 30.1164 9.6799 2.95761 1.10254 2849.4 646107
908 824464 746613312 30.1330 9.6834 2.95809 1.10132 2852.6 647533
909 826281 751089429 30.1496 9.6870 2.95856 1. HlOll 2855.7 648960
9'20 846400 778688000 30. 3315 9.7259 2. 96379 1.08696 2890.3 6$4761
921 648241 78 1229961 30 . 3480 9. 7294 2.96426 1 .08578 2893 .4 666207
922 650084 783777448 30 .3645 9.7329 2 . 96473 1.08460 2896.5 667654
923 851928 786330467 30. 3809 9.7364 2.965'20 1.08342 2899.7 669103
92' 853776 78888902' 30. 3974 9.7400 2. 96567 1.08225 2902.8 670564
950
FUNCTIONS OF NUMBERS
999
No. _ Di~mol81
00'..
,~
S~t e Co"
No. Square e." "00' LGQ.I'il~", X
Reciprocal Circem. Area
--
950 902500 857375(0) 30.8221 9._ 2.9m2 1.05263 2984.5 708822
951 904401 860065351 30.8383 9.3339 2.97818 1.05152 2987.7 710315
952 906304 862801408 30.8545 9.8374 2.97864 1.05042 2990.8 711809
953 908200 865523177 30.8707 9.8408 2.97909 1.04932 2993.9 713306
954 910116 868250664 30.8869 9.8443 2.979~ 1.04822 2997.1 714803
955 912025 870983875 30.9031 9.8477 2.98000 1.04712 3llOO.2 716303
956 913936 873722816 30.9192 9.8511 2.98046 1.04603 3003.4 717804
957 915849 876467493 30.9354 0.8546 2.98091 1.04493 3006.5 719306
958 911764 879217912 30.9516 9.8580 2.98137 1.04384 3009.6 720810
959 919681 881974079 30.9677 9.8614 2.98182 1.04275 3012.8 722316
N~
•
0.,.
0.,.
Unlt.d StalM
Stand.,d a.-
0 ...
..,...,..,..
Thic ....... lrdIM
N• . N•.
....
.-....
•5165 .",
.•""
..... .i50416
.....m ......,.,",
..~
'I".
.-"""" .m
,
'I'"
"''' .....
....,
.",
.44~2
... ....'...."
'I'"
,
2/0'•
,
,,• ."" ,,
••
•,
.'".'"..,
'"
."
.-....
."..
.m'
. 1 ~3
.2620
.''''
.""
.""
,lg20
,m,
.2576
."..
.""
.111t
.1620
..""
.HO
.3147
.
..m,
'"
.. ,..
.1981
.m
.252
.m
.212
.192
...'""
.'"
.m
.m
....""..
••
,•
.-......... .-.-.....
.1793
•• .1620
.,,,.
.1570
••
"" .
'"'"" .1 495
.1345 ..,..
.1483
'"
......
.1144
.1019 .12~
.."
. ,~
... ..
.148
..."" "
.-
.1196
...,
. 11 13 . 11 6
"."
'" .." """
.... ........
. 1046
""'" .''''
.05115 .m
"
....... . " .",.. .'"
.
......" ."..'"..
"
." """
""
.. ..........
.0418
.....m"
. 0478
." . .
..... ....
.""
...,..
....
""" ..""
.
.....
.0495
....
.... ..... ""
"
.-
..".
......
~
"" "
..",
. . ..'"
..,.,
.om ....
.m .m
.... ""
""" "'"
."" .".,
.".,
.0'79
.OIi5i
.....
..."
.."
....
..,0
.."
.... ""
"" .0179 .011'
..." .....
.01&4
.018
"
.....,,'" .. ,,',,' ...
.0173 .0142 .0115 .01 6
.,"""
.0164
.0'.,
.,""" ...... ""
.-.-
.0 162 .0126 .014
",•• .0113
..."
.0139 .01 3
..--
.......",
.Ol 4ll .OUIO .01 2
.....
.OH10
"""
.0111
,
.0011
. .ocm "
... ......... ....
.0104
•
..•" ........ , .., """
....
.-
.0076
••• ..... ....."'", .... ,
..... ....., .0076
""
""
"
..,,, .....
.0015 .OOM
.
....,
.... .... . .""
." ...
6
12
to 12
to 32
Inch ..
1.0 -
12.0 -
36.0 _
1.0
FH'
.08333 -
LINEAR MEASURE
Vlrd,
.02n8 -
.33333-
.
",
.0050505 -
Furlongs
.00012626 -
.0606061 _ .00151515 _
.1818182- .00454545 -
Mil..
.00001578
.00018939
3.0 1.0 .00056818
198.0 - 16.5
7920.0 - 660.0
63360.0 .. 5280.0 - 220.0
- 1760 .0
•••
- 1.0
<0.0
- 320.0
.025
- 1.0
- 8.0
.000125
. 125
- 1.0
SQUARE AN D ~ ND MEASURE
Sq. ' nch.. Square Feet Sqn ... Vlrd, Sq. Rod, Sq. M U..
1.0- .006944 - .000772
144.0 - 1.0 .111111
1'296.0 -
39204.0 -
9.0
272.25
43560.0
1.0
30.25
4840.0
3097600.0
- 160.0
- 102400.0
.03306 -
1.0
.000207
.00625
... 1.0
- 640.0
.0000096
.. . 0015625
_ 1 .0
.-
Oull.. Drama Ounce. Pound, T o n.
1.0 .03657 .. .002286 .. .000143 .. .0000000714
27.34375 - 1 .0 .0625 .003906 - .00000195
437.5 16 .0 ... 1.0 .0625 .00003125
7000.0 256.0 ... 16.0 1.0
14000000.0 - 512000.0 - 32000.0 - 2000.0 - 1.0
DRY MEASURE
'K'"
Pint:.
- Cub ic FHt Bu,hl,
QUirt.
1.0
•• .0625 .01945 .01563
2.0
16.0
51.42627
64.0
1.0
8.0
25.71314
32.0
- .125
1.0
3.21 414
4.0
- .03891
.31112
1.0
1.2445 -
.03125
.25
.80354
1.0
LIQUID MEASURE
am. Pint. QUirt. U. S. Gallon. Cubic FHt
1.0 .. .25 .125 .03125 .00418
4.0 1.0 .5 _ .125 .01671
8.0 2.0 _ 1.0 _ .250 .00342
32.0 8.0 4 .0 1.0 . 1337
7.48052 1.0
METR IC SYSTEM
UNITS
Length- Meter M... _ Gr.m C.p.clty- Llt,r
for pure water at 4"C. (39.2"F .)
1 cubic decime ter o r 1 liter _ 1 kilogram
(mm)l - 100 Ccnli (!Tams
mtltTS
1000 MilJi ,rams (mg)
( Iiltrs (ml)
mtltrS (an)l ( mtlm (dm)l (m'' '
(cg) - 10 Deci !TamS (dg) - I gram
ifm (e1) jim (dl ) liter
metersl (mtltrS (dkm)l (mtltTs (hm)l ( mtler (km)
(liters
1000 grams - 100 Deka ,rams (dkg) _ 10 Hecto 'Tams (hg) _ 1 Kilo Iram (kg)
(dkl) Utm (hI) iler (kl)
{jim
Mu lt iply by to obtain
Multiply to obtain
I -------~------I--
...
litera............................... .219975
.26417
gallons, British Imperia]
gallons, U. S.
3.53145 X 10-" cubic feet
.
metcrs... ____ ...................... _..... _... _.......... . 3.28083
39.37
f~'
inches
1.09361 yards
mi!~, ;ita~:~te.~~::~·~=::::::::::=::::::::::~::::::=::: 1.60935 kilometers
.8684 miles. nautical
mi!~, nau~.icif::.~=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6080.204- foe'
1.85325 kilometers
1.1516 miles, statute
mi1limeters... _~~:·.·.~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3.28083 X 10-" foe'
3.937 X 10-" inches
poUf!ds, a\loir~.upois ....... _.......... _............ . 453.592 grams. metric
.. .453592
4.464 X 10-"
kilograms
tons, long
4.53592 X 10-- tons, metric
pounds per foot. .... ___ .. _........................... 1.48816 kilograms per meter
pounds per square fOOL ........................ . 4.88241 kilograms per square meter
poU;l?-ds ~.r SQ~are in;~h............................ 7.031 X 10·" kilograms per square centim~~
7.031 X 10-" kilograms per square millimete
pounds per cubic foot...::==~·~::::::::. ······· 16.0184 kilograms per cubic meter
radians ....................................................... . 57.29578 degrees, angular
square centimeters................................... . .1550 square inches
sq~re r~L ....._.......................... _...... _.... . 9.29034 X 10--
9.29034 X 10--
.0929034
"'"
hectares
square meters
sq~~re in~es~~~~~=~::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::: 6.45163 square centimeters
645.163 sq uare millimeters
sq~~ kilo~eten .............•.. _...........•......... 247. 104- ,cr",
.3861 square miles
sq~~re me.t;en ............................. _............ . 10.7639 square feet
1.19599 square yards
sq~re m,~les_ ..~:~:.·~::::::::::::::::::::::~::~::::::::: 259.0 h""'''''
2.590 square kilometers
square millimeters................................... . 1.550 X 10-' square inches
square yards ......................... _........ .83613 square meters
to~s, l~~g ..... _.......... _.................. _.... _....... 1016.05 kilograms
2240. pounds
1.01605 tons, metric
1.120 tons. short
tons, long, per··squa·re·foot.::~::~~~·.:~::::::::: 1.09366 X 10-" kilograms per square meter
ton~, long, per square inch. ................... . 1.57494 kilograms per square millimeter
to!!s. me~.ric. .................. _........... _........... _.. . 2204.62 pounds
.98421 tons. long
1.10231 tons, short
907.185 kilograms
.892857 tons, long
.907185 tons, metric
42.00 cubic feet
.952381 tons, U. S. Shipping
ton~, U. ~. Shi~'?ing ..... __ ...................... _. 40.00 cubic feet
1.O5() tons, British Shipping
yards. ...._.. _................. _ ............................. .914402
m'''''
DECIMALS OF A FOOT
"""
.255• .3385 ..4219
.0078 .0911 , 1745 .2578 .34 11 .4245
"""
.0156 .0990 .1823 .2<56 .3490 .4323
.2<8.
"
.0182 .1016 .1849 .3516 .4349
""%
.-
110 .0250 .109< .1927 .2760 .3594 Am
.0286 .1120 .1953 .2786 .3620 .4453
,.
',,"
.0313
.0339
.1146
.1172
.1979
.2005
.281 2
.283' .3672
.4479
.•505
...
lti .0365 .1198 .203' .2865 .3698 .4531
.-....
.0391 ,1224 2057 .2891 .3724 .4557
Ji
%
... .-
.0417
.0443
.1250
.1:276
.2083
.2109
.2917
....3
.3750
.3na
A..,
.-
110 .• 302 .2135 .296' .3802
.0495 .1328 .2161 .2995 .3828 .
li .0521 .1354 .2188 .3021 A688
% .0547 .• 380 .2214 .3047 .3860 .4714
....0 .3073 .3906
'"
.0573 .1 406 .4740
% .0599 .1432 .2266 .3099 .3932 .4766
U
%
'110
.0625
.0651
.06n
.1458
.1484
. 1510
.-
.2292
.2318
.3125
.3151
.31n
.-.....
.3958
.3984
.4010
.4792
.4818
.-
% .0703 .1536 .2370 .3203 .4036 .4870
n,.;
)I .0129 .'.1589
563 .•396 •3220 A063
'110
.0755
.0781 . 1615 ......
.2422
.2474
.3255
.328'
.3307
.411 5
.414 1
A...
.4948
.4974
% .0807 .164 1
I
AMERI CAN IN ST ITUTE 01" STIE.... CONSTRUCTION
419
DECIMALS OF A FOOT
'"
.5026 .5859 .6693 .7526 .8359 .9193
liO .5052 .5885 .6719 .7552 .8385 .9219
.5911 .6745 .7578 .9245
'"
.5078 .8411
.'"
)i
I,;
.5104
.5130
.5156
.5182
.5938
.5964
.5990
.6016
.6771
.6797
.6823
.6849
.7604
.7630
.7656
.7682
.8438
.8464
.8490
.8516
.9271
.9297
.9323
.9349
)j
%
.5729
.5755
.6563
.8589
.7396
.7422
.8229
.8255
.9083
.9089
."'"
.9922
'!10 .5781 .6615 .7448 .8281 .91 15 .9948
% .5807 .664 1 .7474 .8307 .91 41 .9974
DECIMALS OF AN INCH
FOR EACH 64TH OF AN INCH
.. -
"'....
9
10
11
12
. 140625
.15625
.171875
.1875
I
3.5n
3.969
4.366
4.763
.-
%
.
I~{e;
..
41
42
.640625
.65625
.671875
.6875
16.272
16.669
17.066
17.463
""_.
. 13 .203125 5.159 .... 45 .703125 17.859
5.556
'" %
14 .21875 46 .71875 18.256
.... .234375 I 5.953 .... 47 .734375 18.653
){ "" .250 6.350 ){ 48 .750 19.050
%
21
22
.328125
.34375
8.334
8.731
I ....
%
53
54
.828125
.84375
21.034
21.431
... 23 .359375 9.128
I
55 .859375 21.828
1i
)i 24 .375 9.525
I " .875 22.225
."
....
26 .<0625 10.319 % 58 .80625 23.019
I
27 .421875 10.716 ... 59 .921875 23.416
liO 28 .4375 11.113 % 60 .9375 23.813
IN DE X
INDEX
Pa"
A.I.S.C. Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural
Steel for Buildings..... ~~~ ...... _...... _.........• _...... _....•. ___ .. _.. _.. _..... __ .. _..... 275
Administrative Provisions;
Section 1. Types of Construction... ~ ___ .......... _...... _.............. _.. _.. _... 277
" 2. Definitions and Nomenclature, Welded COnstruction. ... 278
3. Plans and Drawings. Stress Shects._ .. ~_ ......................... 278
4. Loads and Forces....... ...................... _....... 279
5. Welding. ,..................... _.. _.. _... 279
6. Turned Bolts.. _...... _...... ___ ._ .......... _.. _.. . 280
7. Erection..... _.. .... _.............. _.. _.. _._ .. . 280
" 8. I ns~ion.... ..... _._ .. _..................................... 281
Technical ProviSions;
Section 9. Material. .... __ ............................ _.......... _...................... _..... 282
" 10. Loads and Forces..... _.......... _.......... _.. _...... _.............. _...... . 282
11. Members Subject to Reversal of Stress. .............. _.. _.. _... 283
12. Combined Stresses. .............. _...... _.. _.. _.. _.............. _.. _....... 284
13. Composite Beams... ____ .. _•. _...... _.. _.. _.............. _.........._... 284
14 Effective Span Length... ____ .. _............... _......_........•._....... 285
15. Allowable Unit Stresses..... ___ ...... _.. _...................... _.. _.. _. 285
Tension. ...................... _.. _...... ___ .. _...... _.. _....... 285
~~!~~.~~~:::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::~~:::::::
285
286
Shearing...... _ ............................. _...................... . 286
Bearing................................ _.. _.......... _. _.......... . 287
Cast Steel......... _..... _.........._............................... 287
Masonry.. _ ......................... _.................. _.. _.. _.. . 287
'Vind Only................... _.... __ .......... _.. _...... _.... . 287
Wind and Other Forces.. _...................._.• _.. _.. . 287
Effective Areas of Weld MetaL_......... _......... 287
,. 16. Slenderness Ratio ...___ .. _...... _...... _.......... _.............. _.. _.. _. 286
17. I>epth Ratio ................... _.. _._ .......... _.............. _...... _........ . 288
18. Minimum Thickness of MateriaL.... _.............. _.......... _... 289
19. Gross and Net SectiorlS. .... __ .. _...................... _ ...... _.. _._ .. .. 290
20. Expansion.............. _....... _.. _...... _.. _.................................... . 291
21. Connections..... ___ ........................... _................................... . 291
22. Rivets and Bolt8... _____ .............. _.......... _._ ....... _.. _.._...... . 292
293
~~: Spacing
25.
~4':I~~~_~.of~ .~!~~~::::.~::::::::::::::::=::::::::::=:===::::::=::::~:::::::
' Velds................... _...... _......•....... _...... _.. _........ .
294
296
" 26. Plate Girders and Rolled Beams... _.. _.. _.. ___ .. _.. _.. _....... 297
299
~: ~FPf;f~·_·.:·.·. :::::::::::=~==::~::::=::::::::::~::=::::::::=::::::::~=~::: 299
300
., 55: g~::=:::::::::~::=::~::~:::::::.::=::::::::::::~::~::::=~::~::~::.:=:::: 300
31. Column Bases... _ ..... _ .. _._ ........... _...................... _.. _.. _.... . 301
32. Anchor Bolts..... __ .......................... _......_._ .... _...... _......_.... . 301
~: Admmlstratlve
~~~~~i~~:.:·.:=::=:.::;::::::::::::::::::~::~::~::::::=::=::::::=::=::=:
301
304
35. ProVlSlOns. .. _____ .. _....... _......... _.............. . 305
A.I .S.C. Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges. .... ___ .. _... 306
Section I. General. .. ____ ............................ _.......... _......................... _ ... 306
2. Classification. .... __ ._...... _......................... _._ ......................... 307
3. Invoicing..... _...... _............ _..................................................... 308
4. Drawings and Specifications. .... ___ .......... _........................ . 310
5. Stock ~1aterial. .... _..... _.. _.....• _.. _.. _.. _.. _.......... _................ . 310
6. Inspection and I>elivery............. _.................. _.. _ .. _.. _.. _.. . 311
7. Erection. .. __ .............. _.. _.............................. _.......... _.......... . 312
"'go
315
315
311
31.
322
323
A.I .S.C. Recommended Fundamental Principles. Minimum Requirements
and Tentative Standard Welded Connections for Buildings.. _..... __ . 336-339
A.S. T.M. (American Society for T estini Materials):
Specifications for Steel for Bndges and Buildings, A7_ .. __ ..... _ ..• 32&332
" " Structural Rivet Steel. A141.. ......... _..... _... _.. _....... 3J3.335
Permissible variations, structural shape! and plates ..... __ ..•............. _. 68-69
A.W.S. )==~~eld~~_~t~~._._.. _. ________"__._____ '_. 34th34 1
Symbols for welded construction.._._ .. _. __ .. _.. _•. _.. _._ .• _. ___ .. _ ...... 342
Allowable loads, angle and tee connections for hangers and brackets.._._.• _ .• 201
•. .. angles, used as beams..... _............................. _..... _.............. _....... 2O().201
~P~i;ctiOni:~:·~·. ~::::=~~::=========:=:::=::::=~.:.:.~::::
249-251
252-261
beams, explanation of tables.. ___ .. ___ .__ ._______ _ 172-114
•• Anlerican Standard. •.... __ .•. _._._ .. _._ .... __ ~_. __ ._ 189-192
miscellaneous_........... _...... _.. __ .. _.. _._._._._._ .. _... _ 193-195
'Vide Flange...... _.. _.................. _.......... _.. _...... _............• 175-188
laterally unsupported. charts...___ ...... _....................•.•.. 202-206
bolta, unfinished. ... _ ................................................................ _ .. . 211
.. turned. .. ______ ~. _ _ .. _.. _.. _._. __ ... _. __._... 270
channels used as beams. ..•.....•. _.... ___ .. _._ •. _.• _..•... __ .•. _._ ... 196-199
oolumns, explanation of tableL...... _..... _.. __ ._______ .• 207·2 10
., American Standard beams used as. ............ _.......... _. 222
cover plated \Vide Flange.. _........ _.............. _....•..... _. 211·213
" misc:ellaneous..... ___ ..... _ ............. _._._ .... _.... _._ ....... 223
=·-;"(iangie::=:=::~.~===:==.:=:=:=:===
248
224-233
\ Vide F1ange........._........_•• _.. __ .. __ ......_••••.• _.. _•• _ .• 214-221
double-angle struts concentrically loaded....................... _ ...... _. 234·247
pins.............•. _.. _.. _.. _..•... _.. _....•.•....... _...... _.... __ .......... _.. _......... 20.
rivets. ........ _.. _._ •. _...... _._._ ... ___ ... _._ .. _...... _.. _.......... _.. _.. _..... 270
Allowable unit stresses, building materials....._. ___ .. ___ . 34.
.. .. .. columns, table oL...... _•. ___ . __ . __ .... _._._._._ .. 209
American Society for Testing Materials- see A.S.T.M. above.
American Standard beams. allowable loads. ........ _.. _.......... _.. _.....•......•. _.. _...... _. 189-192
.. ,. beam oonnections... __ ...... _ .... _....... _...... _.. _.. ___ ..... 151-153
dimensions. weights and propertiea..____ ._._._. 28-29
method of increasing area and weight.... _ .. _ ... __ ._ 62
rolling and cutting tolerances.................. __ .__ ._ 65
used as columns, allowable Ioads... ___ ......_._ ......... 222
American Standard channels. allowable loads............. _...... _...... _....... _._._ .. _.. _. 196-199
., .. ., beam connections......... _.......... _............................. 151-153
dimensions. weights and propertiea.. ____ .. _. 3(h31
method of increasing area and weight...._ ..... _.•. 62
rol ling and cutting tolerances.. .• ____ ._._._..... 66
American Welding Society- see A.W.S. above.
Anchor bolts. .. ______ ...... _.............................................. _.. _...... _.......... _.. _.......... _... ISS
Anchors. wall and govemment..._..... _.. _...... _.. _.. _.. _.. _._._ •. _..... _ .. _.. _........... ISS
AI!~le oonnecl~s fO! hangers and brackets. ...•........... _ .. _...... _.. _.. _ .. _._ ..•. _. 267
Itruts, dlscuSSlon. .... _ _ ._._._._.. _.• __ .__ ._... ___ ._ _ ... __ .. _ ... 234
Anglea and channels. propertiea o f combined sections... .._._ .. _._ .. _.. _. 120-122
Angles, bulb, dimensions, weights and properties ....... ._"".. _._._ .. _. 54·SS
.. effective ne t area... ____ .............. _............ _. ................ . 97·99
Bages in..... ___ .. _.. _...... _.... _....................... ,.. .-..................... 160
m combined sections. see Combined sections
method of inaeasing area and weight. __ ._._.. ____ ._.. _._ .. _._._._ 62
natural functions of, see Functions
32-31
pro~ea ~d wei~ts.ordoobie~::::::=::::~=::::=====:=:::::::=====:===::: 123-127
li:~~~~~[~~~~~:~·~~=::~::::::::=:~::~:=::::::::~~::~::::::~::~~:~::~~~=:
60
60
Base price, 58
Battledeck F1oor. typical designs for highway bridges.. .. ___ .• _.. _._ ... _. ___ .. _ 144
Beam anchors.. ....... _..• _._ ...... _.. _._ .. _._._ .• _._ .. _.. _._._ ... _._. ___ •. _ .... _.. _.. _... ISS
.. bearing plates, see Bearing plates.
amnections, see Connections.
flexure diagrams and fannulas; reaction!, shears, moments, defiections 366-377
seatii... __._.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _._ .. _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. ____ ._.._.. _.. _.. _._._ ..... _.• _•.. 262·263
" separators.............. _.. _.. _.. _.......... _.. _•. _...... _.. _.. _.. _.. _...... _._ ...... _.. _.. _.. _..• ISS
Beams, allowable loads, explanation of tablcs............................... _.................. _.. . 172·174
.. .. .. American Standard .......•... _.......... _.. _.. _.. _.................. . 189-192
miscellaneous. ...................... _............. _._ .. _...... _.._.. _.. . 193-195
" .. \Vide Flange.. ............ _.......... _.. _...... _•. _...... _..• ____ .. 175-188
., charts for laterally unsupported ..• __ ._.. _•. _._ .. _._ ..... 202-206
angles used as. aUowabie loads.. ___ .. _____ . __ .__ .___._.__ ..... 200-201
cambering of, mililimitations.. __ .. ___ .. _._ ..... _._. ___ .. _.. __ • 63
ront~uous. ~cients for ca1culating.. ___ ..... ___ ._.. _.. __ •.. _. __ .. _... 3711-383
detailmg practu;e. .. _____ .. _._ .. _.. _.. _.... __ ._._.._. __ . ___ •.... _._ .. _._ 148-149
American Standard; dimensions. weights and properties. __ .. _...... _....... 28-29
miscellaneous " ...... •.... __.......... _... 24·27
Wide Flange " " ... __ ............ _... 12·23
Junior "" " .. ... __ .....• _.•....• 26-27
economy of sections used as (section modulus table) .. _ .. _..... _... _____ . 83-85
in flexure under transven;e force oblique through center of gravity... _. 364
in combined sections. see Combined Sections.
web crippling in. explanation oL._._._. ___ .______ .___ . 172
Bearing Piles. .•...... _.. _.. _._ .• _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _.• _...... _•.•.• _.. _•. _.. _. ____ • __ .• _._. 46
" plates, definition. .. ___ ••. _.. _.. _...... _.•.... _.. _.• _.. ___.. __ ._.• _ _ _ .• _._. 58
" ., design ... ___._.......... _...... _.. _.. _.. _._ ...... _.. _.. _.. _.. _._ .. __ .. _"_ ..• 128
pennissible variations in thickness ... __ .. _.......... _.••..•....... _...... _. 69
rolling mill practice..... __ .. _............... ,............................................. 60
section moduli.. .•....... _.. _.. _......... _................... _.. _................. _ .... 60
standard rolled sizes.......... _...... _.... _................ _.............. _.. ___ .. _. 60
Bending factors, explanation ol_........... _._. __ .__ •.• _.. _.. _..•.. _.• _........ _._ ... 2fJ/
Blocking !lfld coping of beams_... _....... _.. _.. _._ .. _._ ....... _.. _._ .. __ ._.. _ .... _.• _... 149
Bolts, unfinished. allowable Ioads... _ _ _ ._ _ .___ . __. _..•.. _ ..•... _..• 271
" anchor._. __ .... _.. ___ ._.. _ ..... _._ .. _.. _.. _._._ .. _..... _... _.. _.. _... _._. ISS
dimensions of threads. heads, nuts..__ .. __ ._.. _.. _._ .. _. __ .. 164-165
swedge... _._ .•.... _.• _.. _.. _.. _.............. _....... ___ .. _ .......... _...... _.. _... . ISS
tumed. allowable loads. ___ •. _ .. _..•..•..•. _._ ....................... _.... . 270
.. weight oL.___ .. _...... _...... _.• _,. •..••.. _ ............ _......................... .. 166-167
Brackets. ~le and structural tee connections for .............. _......... ,.. 267
,. des\&n. .........•.•.... _.••.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _._._ •. _._ ....•.. _..... _....... 265-266
Pag.
Building materials. coefficients of expansion............ _ ... _._ ..... _. ._. __ ._... 348
.. ., s~ ._ .... _ : ___ . __._. __ .... ____ .. _.. _._._. _ ... 346
Weights and specific gravlUes.. __ .. _._._ .. _.. _._ .. _. _...... _•.• 349-351
Bulb Angles. dimensions. weights and propenies. .. _~._ ...... ___ ........... . .... . 54-55
Bureau of Standards. Minimum Design Loads. ........... _... _.. _..... _.... ___ .. _... . 343-344
.." .. Recommended Live Loads ror Storage Warehouses._ . 352-353
Camber of beams, mill limitations: maximum for given length. .... _.. 63
.. ,factors for determining . .......................................... H •••••••• 384
.. of plates, permissible. ..... 70
_.M•..
M. ._ •••••••••• H •••••••••••••••••• _ ••••••••
P""
Combined sections; properties, weights and dimensions. as follows:
" " " t w o angles and one stem plate. .. _____ .............. . 114-1I5
., one beam and one channeL __ .... ___ ................. . 116-117
two channels..... __............................................. __ 118-119
one channel and one angle (lintels).____ .. _...... . 120-121
.• .. ., one channel and two angles (eave struts) ....... . 122
Compression. allowable unit stresses, table oL. .... _...................... _....................... 209
Compression memben with ll r over 120............... _.............. _.......... _.............. _... 21.
Connections, beam, standard; designs, weights, minimum spans._ .............. _..... 150-153
.. " . " ; allowable loads. .... ___ ...... _...................... _ ............ 252-259
; special. as follows:
eccentric. method of design and tables ..................... _...... _. 264-266
thin webs ...... _................ _...... _.. _...... _.......................... _.. _..... 260-261
~:".Jd~~·~~:·~.·:=::::::::::::.:::::::·:~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~::=:::
260-261
260-261
, seated, general._._._......... __................................. _.. _.. _...... _.. _. 149
" maximum reactions and minimum span5. .... __ _.. __ .. 154
method of design and tables. ......... ....... _.......... _..... 262-264
wind bracing_ .... ____ ._.. _.......... _......... _.................. _.......... _..... 149
for hangers and brackets (angle and tee) ...................•.................... 267
• welded. beams to beams and girders..... _.......... _.................. _.. _..... 337
" beams to columns_ .... _.. _.. _...•.... __... _..... _...... _.....•................. 338
column splices. column bases........... _._ ... _...... _................. 339
. ,see also.Riyet groups.
Continuous spans, pnnclples... ____ ...... _............. _ .. _.. _...................... _....•. _.......... . 365,378
" "design coefficients (ordinates to influence lines)._.......... __ ... 379-383
Contract for Delivered Work, A.I.S.C. Standard ... _.... _.............................. _...... . 319-321
" "Erected Work, A.I.S.C. Standard... ___ .......... _...................... _.. _...... 319-321
Conversion factors. weights and measures. ........ _...... _.................. _.. _.. _.. _..... _.... 416-417
Copes for beams................... _.................................................................................... . 149
Corrugated sheet metal construction..... ___ .. _.......... _.. _.................................. _._ .. . 142-143
Cotter pins, dimensions and weights ..... _.. _.............................._.............. _............ . 134
Cover plated Wide Flange columns. allowable loads. .......................................... . 211-213
" .. " " "dimensions. weights and properties... _.... . 112-113
" plates. design of girder with ................................. _.............. _....•...... _._ ......• 88-89
Crane rails and fastenings: dimensions, weights and properties....... _.. _............. 130-131
Crippling of beam webs... __ ...... _.............................. _...... _......•... _...... _..................• 172
C~.ts, ~ .fIange, [~r column web connections. ................................_................. 156
Cutt;ge~re~n:;.~I~es::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
149
58,70
,. " structural shapes.................. _.. _...... _...... _...... _..................... 64-67
P,.,
Ex~sion , ~?ents ~f. .... __ :, _.; ~ ....;._.................._.. _. ___ ._.. _.._.......................... . 348
• vanabon In structural steeL........... _...... _...... _.. _.. _. 347
Eyebars......................... _.. _.. _.......................................... _.._...... _...... _...... _. __ ......... 135
Fastenings for corrugated steel .. ____ ...... _.............. _.............. __ ._...... _...... _.. _.. _... 143
.. " crane rails; dimensions and weights. .... _ . __ .................................. . 131
70
~l~:e ~~gr:.t~~J~:~~~_~~:::::::::::~~~::......:. :::::::.:::::::::::~::::~::::::::::::::::::::=::::~: 96-99
Flange slope, rolled steel sections. .. _.. __ ............ ___ .......... _....................................... 9-10
Flanging. cold, minimum radii ....................................... _.............. _.. _...... _.. _.. _.. _. 168
Flexure diagrams and formulas. .......................... _.... _._ ... _.. _............... _... _........... __ .. 366-377
Floor, battlc<ieck. .... ___ ..................... _... __ .. _. _... _.......................... __ .......... _...... _....... 144
Floor plates, raised pattem. ...... _.................................. _........................................... 59
32.
~~~~Pa~ 1~~~~~o~ ~;_:~:::. ~.~~:::::::::::::::::::::=::::::::::::::=::::::=::::::::::::::=::::::::: 366-377
continuous beams............................. _....... _...... _...•.. _........................ . 365
Mechanics of Materials.. _.................. _.. _.......................................... . 365
properties of various geometrical sections..... ____ ._ ...................... . 358-364
slope and deflection. beams..... __ .. _.•....•.. _....................•....... _........... 365
207-208
,T~~=t~i~~~~~:-.:::::::::::::::=::=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::::::~:.......... 357
Functions of angles, natural:
sines. cosines........ _.__ .......... _.......................... _.. _...... _...................... _.... . 3.%-387
tangents, cotangents........................................................ _.. _ 388-389
secants, cosecants....... _.. _...................................... _.......................... _..... 390-391
of numbers: square, cube, square root, cube root, log, reciprocal,
circumference. area ....................... _.. _..... _.... _.......... _....... 392-413
Gages and clearances for structural rivets ........... _.......... _.................................... . 160-161
•• for angles.._ .......... _.......... _.. _.................... _..... _.........•... _ ...... _....... _.. _....... _._. 160
.. • standard drill and punch. .............................. _...... _.... __ ............................ . 148
•• , wire and sheet metaL ..... _.. _.. _.............................. _ .................................. _. 414
Gas cut plates, tolerances. .................. _.......................... __.................. _...... _._ .......... . 70
Geometnc sections, properties of various. ............................................................... 358-364
Girders, allowable unit stresses for unstiffened webs of... .... _.................. _...... _.. . 102
" ,design of laterally unsupported ... _____ .................... _..... .... __ ......... 202-206
86-89
,. ' pl~.te, f~i~ ;::;~:n:::~:::::::::::::::=:::::::::::=:::::=::::::::::=::::::::::::::=::::::: 00-99
tables of dimensions. weights and properties. .... ____ ................ . 102-108
Government anchol1l ........ ....... _................. .............................•.......... 155
H Piles; dimensions. weights and properties. ....... _........ _...................................... . 46
Half center sill section for cars..... __ ..................................................................... _.. . 6<).51
Heads, bolt; dimensions and weights._... ____ .. _.............. _...................................... . 165-167
" eyebar; dimcnsions... _............................. _.. _.......... _...................... _............. 135
Heat, effect of on steeL_.. ___ .......... _._ .. _.......... _.. _...... _. __........ _.............................. . 347
Inch, decimal and millimeter equivalents for fractions of an ....... ..................... . 420
Indemnity Agreement and Release, Standard.......................... _... _....................... . 322-323
Inertia. see Moment of inertia.
Joints, welded, acceptable under A.W.S. Code........................................... _......... 340-341
Kip, definition of ........ ........... _.... _.................................... _.. _.. _.......... _................. 6
Length, of circular arcs ................................................ __ ._.. _... _................................ . 356
Lintels, channel and angle, properties..... __ ...................... _...................... _............ . 120-121
.. • diaphragms and separators for..... __ ... _............................................. _...... . 155
Live load. see Loads.
Loads, allowable, see specific item under Allowable Loads.
Loads, dead .....................•..... _......... _...................................... _...................... _........... 279
.• ,definition of live and dead ................................... _._ .. _.................................. 279
, fIoor ..... ______ ............................ __ _.................... _............. _.. _.................. __.....• 343-344
, impact.. ... ._........... _...... _......................................................... _...... 283
, live..... _.. _..... _ _.................. _.............................................. _.................. 279, 343-344
, live, for storage warchouscs.._.•.. _........................................................ _......... 352-353
, minimum for design of buildings, A58.1-1945..... _..................................... 343·344-
Pa",
~ds. moving" beam diagrams and formulas. ........... ,........... _.... . ................. 3n
partml hve. ..... _........... _ .. _.. _................ __ ..... ............... . ........ _................ 344
partition. allowance for movable........... ..................................................... 343
reduction of live........... ...... _........................... _.......... 344
rooL ... __ ................... ...... . ...... .......... .......................................... 344
snow....... _................... , ...............•... _.... _......................... _. 279, 283, 344
wind. ........ __.. _....... _.... 0 ._.................... •• ,....... ••••• ••• 279
Logarithms of numbers. ............. _...... . ... _ ... , ....... ..• 392-413
Loop rods. dimensions.... .... ................ ............................. 138
Masonry, properties, weights and specific gravities... _____ .. _.. _................. 346.348,350
Material. Specification for Steel for Bridges and Buildings, A.S.T.M. A7 _...... 326-332
" " " Structural Rivet Steel, A.S,T.M, AI4L.................. 333-335
Materials, coefficients of expansion.................. _......................................... _......... 348
" Mechanics of, frequently used formulas ............................ _ ..... _....... 365
strength oL .............................................. _.............. _............. __ ........... . 346
" weights and s~ific gravities.... ............................ ................... 349-350
" .. of budding... ______ ........ ............................................................ 351
Maximum camber for given length....... ,........................................ _........................ 63
Measures and weights. .......... .. ....... ... ... _.. _........ .................. _... ................. 415
t1echanics of Materials....... _. .. .......... _............................. _.. _.. _............... 365
Mill practice.................................................. _.. _...... _............................. 61-70
Milled ends of Wide Flange column sections. allowances fOL .............. 64
Millimeter equivalents for fractions of an inch........................ _.. _... _......... _......... 420
Minimum camber likely to remain pennanenL................................................... 63
,. lengths for given cambers. ....~ .. _........................... _.. _.......... _...... ....... 63
live loads recommended by Bureau of Standards..... ~_............ . ...... 343-344
spans for beams with standard connection. .... _____ ................... ....... 150-154
Miscellaneous beams and columns: dimensions, weights and properties.._........ 24-27
.. beams, allowable loads........................... _.... _......... _.. _... _................. 193-195
columns. allowable loads............ _..................................................... 223
Mod~luS f?f elas~~city~! st~J, effect or. temperature on ..... _............ _._................. 347
vanous mater13ls ............... _............................................ ,. 346
Moment diagrams, beams. .. ............................... __ ......... _...... 366-377
.. formulas, moving loads........................... .................................................. 377
Mo~ent ?,f ine~.tia, design of plate girders ................... _._ ........ _.. _....... _...... _ ........ _ 86-89
of four angles.............. .................. 96. 98
.• two cover plates... ___ ............ .. ....... _................ _......... 92-95
.. unit areas............. _ _ .......................................... ...... 92-94
.. web plates._.. __ .......................... _.......................... _............. 90-91
.. shapes with respect to oblique axes............... ................ 364
Moving loads, formulas and diagrams....................................................... _......... 377
Natural functions, see Functions.
Net section of riveted tension members-CharL... ...... . ................. 101
Nomenclature. standard... ______ ........................ _.. _........ ......................... _.......... . 6
Numbers, functions oL..... ........................ . ............ _................ _ ..... 392-413
Nuts. and bolt heads ..................................... .. ................ .. 165-167
.. ,pin.......................... ................ .. ................ .. 134
., sleeve... _....... _................................................. . 133
Permi~ible tole.ral)ccs, .rolling and cutting._._...................... _...... _.................... .. 64·70
vanatlons In camber of beams.............................................. _............ . 63
in rolled plates and structural shapes......... . 68-70
.. bars, round and SQuare..... _.. .. ............................. . 334
Partition loads, allowance for movable... _........ _.. _................................................ 343
Piles. steel H, dimensions and properties........ .. ... _.................................... . 46
Pin caps....................................................... .................. .. ................ 134
" nuts, recessed; dimensions and weights............................... _.... _..... _.. _.. _... 134
Pins. allowable loads......... _..... _............................... _........................................... . 269
" ,colter. dimensions and weigh ts ..... ~ __ ....................................................... 134
.. with integral heads ... __ ............................................................. _... _.............. .. 134
Pipe columns, allowable loads... _____ .. _.......................... _......_............ _............... _.. . 248
.. dimensions, weights and properties._... ____ ...... _................ ..... _......... .. 139
:: ra~!ng fitt i~gs; dim~nsions and weights"'''~h'''' ........... _...... _..................... 140-141
158-159
Pl~te ~d ~feP:;}~~e~,J!!iiowabre··iood8·.~~·.::~=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::=::::::::::::::: 224·233
properties and welghts.. .................. _...... _.. _................ . 109-111
" .. .. girders, see Girders.
Page
Plate girders. !ICe Girders.
Pl:.',tcs. a~ of ~Iar. table... _.. _.. _._._. __ .................. ___ .... _ ......... "..1
available SIZeS. __ , '"' __ ' __ '''_'_''_' ___ ' __ '_''''' ___ ''' 59
base and bearing. design ... ____ ....................................................... ,... . 128-129
".. " . rolling mill practice. section modulus table, standard
rolled sizes _. • 60
definition. __ ..... __ _ ___ _ 58,326
fioor, raised pattern. .___ _ 59
moment of inertia of web .. __ . go.91
net section moduli of ______ . ____ __._ 268
permissible variations in weight and thickness._ ............ _ ,_,,_, 68-70
roUing and cutting tolerances ,... __ .. __ ..... _. 68-7.
sheared, table of available sues _ ..... _.... ___ _ 59
" universal mill. table o f available sizes................ _..... _ ...... _.. _...... _.. . 59
weight of rectangular. table...... ,........ ,........... _...................... . 74·77
ProP:l:rties ?r steel.at various temperatures... _ ..• _..... _.. _.. __ .__ . __ ......... 347
the Clrcle..__ . ____ ._••.. ___ ••. _.... _._ •. _....•• _.•... J55.356
.. various geometric sections , ..... _._ ... _, 358-364
Proposal Contract for Delivered Work. Standard. •. _ ._.. __ .. _..... _ 319-321
" . . . . Erected Work. Standard ......................... 319-32 1
Punch gages, detailing praruce. ..... 148
Radi i of ~t.ion, tabulated as "properties " of various shapes and com·
bmations.
" ,minima for oold flanging ............... . 168
Rail ing details.. ...... _.. _...... _...... _.. _.. _........ _.... _ 158-159
." ti~t ings, dimen~ns am;! wei-llhts ... ___._. '............... ', __ ..'_'_ ___ ._ 140-14 1
Ralls, splices and fasternngs; dimenSIOns, weights and properties....... .._.'.. _. 13().131
Ratios of radii of gyration of strong to weak a:'(is, explanation of use in tables ,<>I
Reaction formula!. movinilioads..... _.. . ...... . In
Recessed pin nuts; dimenSions and weights. 134
Rectangular &ections, area _. ___ , . 78-81
.. " , weighl. ____ .... _ ... _.. 74·77
Reduction of area for rivet holes, table oL .... 100
" of live load rela ted to area covered 344
Regula, Series of rolled structural shapes... __ ._. 11-46
Relea5C and Indemnity Agreement, Standard 322-323
Rivet groups under eccentric application of load 265
" holes. reduction of area {Or...•. __ ....• _.... _._. 100
Steel, Specification for, A.S.T .M . Spec. ,\1011 .... .. 333-335
Riveting. oold............................... _._ ................................... , ............ _........ . 324·325
Rivets, a11o....-able loads... ____ ._.. _....... _.... _ .. _.. __ .. _................. _........ _....... _.
.. clearances, dimensions, gages, symbols. spacing... _____ .. _ ..... _ .. _._ .... 16().161
27.
erection clearances.. .............. _.. _._ .... _... _. _......... _._ ..•. _ ...... _.. ___._.. 156-157
length for given griP..... __.. _................. _............................ _.................... . 162
weight. ............. __ .................... _.. _........................................... _...... _............ . 163
Rolled structural shapes, generaL_.. _._ .. _.. _.. _.. _.. _._._ ... _._ ...... __ .__ .. _......... 9-1.
Rolling mill practice. ...... _. __ .__ .......... _.. _.. _......... _.. __ .. __ .......... _.. _....... _ 6 1·70
" tolerances, plates..... _ ...... __ .... __ .. _.. _ .. __ ........ __ _ ..... __ ._.. _..... 68-7.
.. stru ctural shapes.. .......... _. ..... _....... __ ......... ... ..7
Roof loads, recommended. .........._._ ._.... _.... _... _ ..................... _. 344
Roofing, corrugated sheets used 35. _ 142· 143
Round ban; areas and weights... ... __ _ 72· 73
" .. upset screw ends for 137
Screw ends, upset bars..... 137
.. threads. dimensions __ ~_ .. 164
Scated connections, allowable loads 154. 262·263
.. .. d~,gn f!.f stiflt;ned 264
unstIITened_.. __ .. _._ ... _.. 263
maximum reactions and minimum spans . 154
Section moduli of plates, table of nel _ ._. 268
.. modulus table for shapes used as beams .~ __ ._._ 83-05
Separaton...... _~ __ •...... _... .._..... . _ _ .. _. 155
Shapes, general discussion __ .......... ........ _.............. _ .......... _ 9-10
Shear diagrams, beams................. _..... ......... _..... _........... ~ ............ 366-377
Shear, table o f allowable web ._ ... 102
Pa",
~red pl~~es. avai~l?Ie siz.es.......... .._______ ._. ____________ •. ___ • 59
defini.t~._-:- ....- -..--._-_------------._---_ 58
pennlSSlble vanauons.... __ ._._._._•. __ ._. __ .___._.• _. 68-70
Shearinl slres!le! in beams... __ .. ......... ___ ._._ .. _.. _.. _. ___ .. _._ .. _.. _.... . 112
Sheet metal and wire pges... ____ .... _.,_ .. _, __ .... _.. _....... _._ ...... __ ........ __ ... ___ _
" .. amstnlctlOfl. COITUgaled •_____ .••• _____ ., ____ .. _____ •• "4
142·143
Sheets, definition._______ ... __ ..•... __ ... _. . _.... _...... __ ._........... __ ........... _ ..•. __ • 326
Shipb?,ilding cha~~els: dimensions, .weight;! and properties; .... ___ ........ ,............ . 48-51
.. •. me~hods of lnCT?Smg area and welghL. ___ .............. 62
rolhng and cuumg tolernnceL _____ .............................. . 66
Side plate and side post. carbuilding..... ___ ......•.... _.. _.. _...... _.. _.... .... _.. _..• SQ.51
Siding. corrugated sheets used as . •__ ._.. _ .___ .... _......... _... _.. ___ .. ____ . ___ . 142-143
Sill acctionll. _._ •.••••... _.• _._ .• _.. _•• _.. _. ___ ..•... _.•.. __._.. _._ .. ___ •. _..•.•. _.• _.. _.. _ 5().51
Single-angle struts. design method ... ___ •. ________ .. _.•.. _ _ ..• _._ ... _.. __ _ 234
Skeve nuts : dimensions and wei&hts. __ .... ____ ._ .. _.. _._._._ .. _ ... _. .._._ 133
Special Series rolled structural shape8. _ _ .... ___ .. _ .. _._ ..... _._ _ .. _ ....... 47·55
Specific gravities of various mbstances.. .. '_"_"_' __ '_ _ .. 340-350
Specification for the Design. fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for
Buildings (see page 422) ....__ ._. __ . 275--305
.. Structural Steel ._ ____ .. _._ .. _. 326-332
.. Rivet Steel __ __ .. _............. 333-335
Splitt ba~ for crane rails, dimensions and weights..... __ ~ ..... _. 131
Square bars; areas and weights.. ______ .. _ ....... _.. _................ 72·13
.. .. upset screw ends for.....
Stair railing detaiL._.. __ .... __ ...... _ ..,
__ ............. _.. '36
158--159
Steel for Bridges and Buildings, Specifications for. A.S.T.M. A7. __ ............ 326-332
:: .. Rive.ts. Specifica~ions for Structural, A.S.T.M. A14L. ____ ..... _.. _... 333-335
, properties of at vanoul temperatures. ______ .. _.. _...... _._._ .. _. .... _. 347
Stiffened beam seats., _._ .. _ .. _. ..... _ .. _.. _..... _.. ___ .. __ .. _. .._ ... 262
.. .. " . design of ._ _.. ____ .. _ .. _.. __ •___ ._. 264
Strength of rrtlIterials. ...... _ ,_ _ ,__ ......... _.. _.. ______ .. _... 346
.. " steel at vaIious r.emperatuI"CS.... __ ...._.. _._ ...... _ _ . _. _. 347
StriP. definition. ... __ .. _.. ____ ._.. . _.. __ .... ___ .. _.. _..... _.. __ .. _.... _._..... _._. 326
Stresses, allowable unit. for building materials.._ .. _._. ___ .. _._. ,_ _ • 340
.. .. .. for oolumns. table oL_._ .. _...... _..... _...... _.. _._ ... _.. _... 209
Stru~~ural ~J?CS' gen~ discussi9n. _,_,_ ... __ .. _.... __ .. _.• _ •__ .......... _.. _. 9-10
rollmll. and cuttmg toerances ................ _... _._ ...... _ ..... _. _... 64-67
.. .. variatIOns in weight and thickness oL. .. _..... ..... .... _........ 68
.. lees, see Tees.
Struts, double-angle, propertics ._.... . .... ............. _..................................... .. 123-127
•• " allowable loads. .... _...... _...................... _...... _.................... . 235-247
.. single-angle. design method. ,_ .... _._ .. _.. _.............. _ ._._.... .. 234
Stub ends. threaded. dimensions_. ........ ............ _.............. _.. _.. _.._. _.. _"_,, 138
Swedge bolts_...... " ._.... ___ . ___ ._.. _.. _. __ .. _._._ .. _.. __ .. _.... _ .... 155
Symbols. list of standard. .... __ .... .. .. _.. _...... _._ .. _.. _.. _.......... _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _ .. 6
.. rh-- eL._.......... _....... ___ .. •____ .. ___ .. _. _______ •__ • 160
structural shapes, for dtawings. ...... _... _ .. _.. _.. _._ .. _. ___ .. ___ ._.. _._. 10
welding. A.\".S .... ____.. _.. _..... _._ .. _._ .. _. __ ._.. _._ .. _.. _.. _.. _. 342
Tee oonnections for hangers and brackets .. _....... _.. _.. _.............. _.. _..... _ .. _. __ . 267
Tees. rolled; dimensions, weights and propertiesJ..__ .~._...... _.. _. __ .__ ._........ 52
.. • structural (split-beam): dimensions. weights and properties._____ ._.. _.. .. 3845
•• • rolling and cutting tolerances. .... __ ..... , ... _...... _...... _.._...... _.. _._ .. _...... _.. _. 64-65
Temperature effect on the properlies of steeL _____ .......... _.......... _..................... 347
" expansion coeffiCientll. ...... _.• _.............._...... _.............._•. _.• _............ . 348
Tension members, effective net area or riveted_...... _............... _._ .. _...... _.......... _. 10'
Thickness of plates. tables of available. .__ .. _...... _.. __ .... _. __ •___ .... _... 59,60
Thread!. bolt. length of. .. __ ...... _._._._ .. _.. _.. _. __ ._...__._..... _ .. _...... _.. _...... _._ 164
.. • screw; diameter and·area._ ........... _.. __ .. ____ .. _._ .. _ . ____ ._... 164
Threaded ban. stub end!_ .. _... _.. _.. _ _ .__ . __ ._._.. _._ ...... _.. _.. _.. _.. __ _ 138
Tie rods. ... _ ........... ___ .. ____ _, . ._... ____ ... _. ____ ._.. _.. __ 155
Timber, standard sizes; weights and bending properties........ __ .. _. ____ .. _... 354
Tolerances, for p1ate8. .. _ _ ._.. ___ .. ____ ._ __ ________ .. __ ._._ 68-70
.. .. structural shapes...... ____ .. _.. _. __ .. _._ .. _._._. ___ ._._ ....7
Trigonometric formulas..._._. __ .. ____ . ______ .__ ..__ ._._.. _._ .. ___ ._...... _. 357
Trusses, facton for approximating camber _. ____ ._.. _._ .. _.. _.. __ .. _...... _.. _.. _. 384
Trusses, plate-and.angle chords for, propertica. .................... _.. _.............. _......... . "'''
114·115
Turnbuckles, dimensions and weights ..... _.. _.. ___ .... _. __ .•.. _... _.... __ .......... _...... _.. . 133
Turned bolts, allowable Ioads... ___ .. _.. _. ._. _.. _._ .........__ .... _ ........_.. 270
Unit areas. moment of inertia of pairs of ._____ ,._ . ___. _ ._0_. _._. ..
Unit stresses. allowabl E; for building material. _____ •____ •. __ ... _"._ •. _._. "'-346
94
" " . . " columns. table oe.__. ___ ......_......... .._ ........._... _.. . 209
Univ.~l m,i,1I pl~~. avail~~le sizes.... _...... _...... __ _____ ..... _.. _.. _...... _... _.......... . 59
defimtlon.............. _.. _. ,............. . ........................ . 68
pennissible variations... _ ...... _ .....•....... _.• _....... 68-70
Upset screw enda ................ _._ .. _.. _._ .. _ ...... _.... __ . __ . 1~137
Variation, tables of permissible in shapes and pJates..... ..... _ _._. ____ _ 64-70
" .... .. " ban, round and squate...... _... _.. _.. _.. ___ ... 334
Wall anchors................... .... ................. _.•......................... ISS
\Varehouse live loada ....... _. .................. _............ . 352-353
Water. coefficients of expansion ... _.... ..... _ ..... _...... _... 348
Web crippling, explanation of ..
Wei~t tol~ces, COfTUgated sheets.. __
" "
...
plates. . .. __ . ._.. _ ._.
stnlctural shapes. .. __
~ ... _ ._ ....... _._._ •. _. ___ .. _.... .
_ __ ._. ____ ... ___
.._.. _....... _. __ . ___ ..... _.. _.
... __ .. _.. __ ............ _. ___....... _.
....,
172
143
68
Weights tlrld measura ....... ,.. _....... ____ .... ._ ._..... ~ .. _.. _.. _._._ ..... __ 415
" .. 8P,1:cific grnvitics of various substances .......... ~ ........ _.................. 3i9·350
" of bUlldiOf!: materials .. ___ .. _...................... _............... _... __ .................. . 351
.. connectIons, standard __ .. ____ ............. _................ _ .. _.. _.. _...... _.... . 150-153
stiffened beam seat. ... __ ..... _... _. __ ...... ___ .. _.. __ .. _. 262
.. rectangular sections. ... _ ..... _•. _.. .__ ._ ... __ ..... '_' _.. __ ._. _____ • 74-n
.. round and square balll_..•. _.. _. .___ ....... __ .... _ ... _ .. _ ... _._. 72-73
.. shapes, method of increasing .______ .. _...... __ ... _ ._._ ._.. _...... . 62
Welded connections, see Connections.
" joints, acceptable forms, A.W.S ............ _.. _......... _.. _...... .................... . 340·341
Welding: A.I.S.C. Recommended Fundamental Principles, Minimum
Requirements and Tentative Standard Welded Con·
nections for Buildings ._ _ _ .___ .. __ .. _._._._ .. _..• 336-339
Welding symbol!!.... _ _ . ___ . ____ ..... _ .... ___ .. _.. _...... _._ .. _. .._ .. _.. _...... _.. _ 342
Wide Flange beams and standard channels ; properties of combined sections.. 1I6-I1?
.. "shar,es; dimensions. weights and propertia... _ ....... _.......... _.. _..... 12·25
, method o f increasing area and weighL._.............. _.. _...... . 62
.. rolling and cutting tolerances ................... _.......................... 64
" structural tees cut. from ....... _.... _._ .. _.. _.. _.............. _.. _..... 38-43
used as beams, allowable loads.. ........ _._ .. _. .._ .. _.. _..... . 175-188
camber"i!\g ......._._..._ .. _....... _.... _._ .. _.. _... 63, 384
connecuons.__ .. _ ..... _...... _______ ._.. _.. _. 150, 152
used as columns. allowable Ioads.... __ ..... _.. _.. _.. _.. __ .... . 21l·221
allowances for milling..... ____ .............. _. 64
rivet clearances. ..... __ .......................... _.. . 156-157
variations in dimensions and properties ............... _ .... _... 9
with cover plates, uged as columns, allowable load!!.. .. _... 211·213
" .. .. " " " ; dimensions, weighlS and properties ...• 112· 113
Wind bracing connections.. _.. _ .... _____ ._.. _____ .. ___._._.. _.. _._._. 149
Wire and sheet metal gaga ........ _ ... __ .. _...... _ .... _ .. _..... _._ .. __ ._ .. __ ...... _... '14
Yield point, see Strength of materials.
lees: dimensions. weights and properties ,._ .......... _.................. _...... _...... _._....... 53
.. method of increasing area and weight.. ..... __ ....... _._ .................. _.... __ .. _.• _. 62
.. rolling and cutting tolcmnces. ...._.. _._ ...... _._. ____ .__ ._.. _______ 67