Module4 The Sexual Self

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig
SESSION NO. 5 / WEEK NO. 5
MODULE NO. 4: THE SEXUAL SELF
1. Overview
2. Defining Sexual Concept
3. Sex, Gender and Sexual Orientation
4. Understanding Human Sexual Response
5. Diversity of Sexual Behavior
6. Sexual Difficulties: When Sex Goes Wrong
7. Understanding and Supporting Sexuality
Overview
This module will guide you in understanding one of the most crucial
aspects of human development – the sexual self. Emphasis will be given to
the nature and meaning of sexual self-concept and the factors that shape
sexual development. It will also tackle concepts underlying sexuality like
sexual orientation and gender, sexual behaviors and sexual difficulties.
Suggestions on how to improve sexual self are also provided.
This module will likewise present an opportunity for you to reflect
openly and objectively about sex without shame or taboo, using science as
lens.
Study Guide
 You can complete this module at your own phase. It means you can
take every part to study depending on your capability to do so.
 This module starts with a brief overview about what the topic is all
about. It will also tell you the learning outcomes we would want you
to accomplish after completing this module. The presentation of
topic has complete resources you can check for further readings
and clarifications.
 Requirements involve learning activities and assessment which will
be provided by your professor after the discussion. Take time to
study each lesson carefully to apply these new learnings
appropriately.
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 1

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the module, you are expected to:

1. Explain the nature, concept and meaning of sexual self-concept.
2. Distinguish between sex, gender, and sexual orientation.
3. Identify behavior towards understanding of one’s sexuality.
4. Demonstrate understanding and acceptance of one’s sexual self.
Requirements
 Quiz
 Participation in the Online Class
 Learning Activities
Topic Presentation
Before you begin, kindly look at the statement made by Ms.

Universe Spain, 2018, and share your thoughts about it.
Image Source:
(https://web.facebook.com/Beingmohitkumar/posts/2101953663426453)
Do you agree with her statement? What then, does it mean to you
to be a man or a woman? A lesbian or a gay?

Defining Sexual Concept
Your answer to the question above speaks of your sexual schema or

your general understanding about the aspect of your sex. Sexual self-
concept refers to the totality of oneself as a sexual being. It is the result
of people’s past experiences, which is presented in the current
experiences and will shape his/her future sexual orientations and
behaviors. It differs across each individual and has both positive and
negative perceptions as a sexual being.
Among the negative aspects of self-concept includes sexual anxiety,
monitoring sexuality, the fear of sexual relationships, and sexual
depression while the positive dimensions of sexual self-concept are sexual
self-efficacy, sexual consciousness, sexual optimism, motivation to avoid
high-risk sexual relationships, self-blame in case of sexual problems,
management of sexual affairs, sexual self-esteem, sexual satisfaction, and
prevention of sexual problems (Ziaei et. al., 2013).
Sex, Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Sexuality
When you are completing forms like college application forms,

resume, or a simple raffle ticket, it requires your name, address, and
birthdate. Usually it also asks for your sex or gender, such that most of the
time you use the term sex and gender interchangeably. In todays’ usage,
the terms are distinct from one another. So, what makes it different?
Sex refers to a person's biological status and is typically
categorized as male, female or intersex. There are a number of indicators
of biological sex, including sex chromosomes (XX or XY), gonads, (ovaries
or testes), internal reproductive organs (fallopian tubes, uterus or vas
deferens/seminal vesicles) and external genitalia clitoris, labia minora,
vaginal orifice or penis, scrotum. (APA, 2012). By contrast to sex, the term
gender describes psychological (gender identity) and sociological (gender
role) representations of biological sex. It is the perception of being a male
or a female.
Diverse variations of biological sex however is evidenced in in
intersex people. Intersex are those born with either an absence or some
combination of male and female reproductive organs, sex hormones, or
sex chromosomes. This condition is present in people with Androgen
Insensitivity Syndrome and Turner’s Syndrome (Lee et. al., 2006. Although
intersex individuals may have physical limitations, they otherwise lead
relatively normal intellectual, personal, and social lives.
Gender also varies just as biological sex. Its variation is evidenced on
cisgender and transgender individuals.
Cisgender relates to a gender identity that corresponds to the
culturally determined gender roles for one’s birth sex (i.e., the biological
sex one was born with) a cisgender man or cisgender woman is thus one
whose internal gender identity matches, and presents itself in accordance
with, the externally determined cultural expectations of the behavior and
roles considered appropriate for one’s sex as male or female (APA,
Dictionary of Psychology, 2015).
Transgender on the other hand is an umbrella term which includes
persons who do not feel they fit into a dichotomous sex structure through

which they are identified as male or female. Individuals in this category

may feel as if they are in the wrong gender, but this perception may or
may not correlate with a desire for surgical or hormonal reassignment
(Meier & Labuski, 2013).
Meanwhile, in the Philippines, a vibrant community of people exists
under this broad definition of “transgender”, yet there is no widely used
term to directly corresponds to the term “transgender”. Transgender
women are commonly referred to as “bakla” (in Tagalog) or “bayot” (in
Visayan). Transgender men are understood by most as tomboy or lesbian,
primarily because only a minority of people in the Philippines understand
the difference between gender identity and sexual orientation (UNDP,
Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines (2018).
Moreover, sexual orientation according to the American

Psychological Association & National Association of School Psychologists.
(2015) refers to the sex of those to whom one is sexually and romantically
attracted. Categories of sexual orientation typically have included
attraction to members of one's own sex (gay men or lesbians), attraction
to members of the other sex (heterosexuals), and attraction to members
of both sexes (bisexuals). Some people identify as pansexual or queer in
terms of their sexual orientation, which means they define their sexual
orientation outside of the gender binary of "male" and "female" only. While
these categories continue to be widely used, research has suggested that
sexual orientation does not always appear in such definable categories
and instead occurs on a continuum (Kinsey, Pomeroy, Martin, & Gebhard,
1953; Klein, 1993; Klein, Sepekoff, & Wolff, 1985; Shively & DeCecco,
1977). Alfred Kinsey, a pioneering sex researcher considered sexual
orientation along a scale or a continuum, with “exclusively homosexual” at
one end and “exclusively heterosexual” at the other. In the middle were
people who showed both homosexual and heterosexual behavior (see
Figure below)
Figure 1. The Kinsey Scale, designed to define the degree to which sexual orientation is heterosexual,
homosexual, or bisexual. (Source: After Kinsey, Pomeroy, & Martin, 1948 as cited in Feldman, R.
(2006). Understanding Psychology)
Although a person’s intimate behavior may have sexual fluidity —

changing due to circumstances (Diamond, 2009, cited in Lucas & Fox,
2020)—sexual orientations are relatively stable over one’s lifespan, and
are genetically rooted (Frankowski, 2004, cited in Lucas & Fox, 2020).
Sexuality refers to the total expression of who you are as a human

being, your femaleness or your maleness. Our sexuality begins at birth
and ends at death. Everyone is a sexual being. Your sexuality is an
interplay between body image, gender identity, gender role, sexual

orientation, eroticism, genitals, intimacy, relationships, and love and

affection. A person's sexuality includes his or her attitudes, values,
knowledge and behaviors. How people express their sexuality is influenced
by their families, culture, society, faith and beliefs (The Resource Center
for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention (ReCAPP), 2020).
Understanding Human Sexual Response
Why, and under what circumstances, do we become sexually aroused?

What turns people on?
To answer this question let’s look at the basic Biology of sexual

behavior. In males, testes begin to secrete androgens, male sex hormones,
at puberty and this increases the sex drive. Men are constantly capable
and interested in sexual activities because the level of androgen
production is not dependent to a biological cycle unlike women. Women’s
pattern started when they reach maturity where their two ovaries begin to
produce estrogens and progesterone, female sex hormones. These
hormones are not produced consistently, instead it follows a cyclical
pattern. They are receptive to sex throughout their cycles, the greatest is
during the ovulation period.
There are also psychological aspects of sexual excitement and it is
not related to our genitals but to the external stimuli we learned and
labeled as erotic or sexually stimulating. You will only be stimulated on the
areas of your body known to be erogenous zone if you perceived that it is
touched for example in a sexual manner and when you are receptive to
sexual activity (Goldstein, 2000 as cited in Feldman, 2008). In addition,
sexual arousal is also dependent on sexual fantasies. Sexual fantasies are
any mental imagery that is sexually arousing. Replacement fantasy is the
most common where people are fantasizing about someone other than
one’s current partner (Kicks & Leitenberg, 2001).
Phases of Sexual Response
In 1966, William Masters and Virginia Johnson published a book detailing

the results of their observations of nearly 700 people who agreed to
participate in their study of physiological responses during sexual
behavior. The result of this study showed that people’s sexual responses
follow a regular pattern consisting of four phases: excitement, plateau,
orgasm, and resolution. These phases are arbitrarily defined, are not
always clearly demarcated from one another, and may differ considerably,
both in one person at different times and between different people.
 Excitement phase – It is the phase where an arousing stimulus

prepares the genitals for sexual intercourse. It can be stimulated by
thought, fantasy, conversation, smell, touch, taste, sound, sight,
etc. In the male, the penis becomes erect when blood flows into it;
in the female, the clitoris swells because of an increase in the blood
supply to that area, and the vagina becomes lubricated.
 Plateau phase – A state where the maximum level of arousal is
attained, the penis and clitoris swell with blood, and the body
prepares for orgasm.

 Orgasm – It is an intense, pleasurable feeling that occurs at the

end of the Plateau phase. Orgasm is usually the most intense peak
of the sexual response cycle. It is the peak of sexual arousal, and is
also called the climax. Not all sexual experiences result in orgasm;
this is normal. In the male, the contractions expel semen, a fluid
containing sperm, from the penis—a process known as ejaculation.
For women and men, breathing and heart rates reach their
maximum.
 Resolution stage – The interval after orgasm in which the body
returns to its unaroused state, reversing the
DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
What do you think are “normal sexual behavior”? How do most

people behave sexually? Is there a sexual revolution?
These are questions about sexual behaviors. What is considered

sexually normal behavior depends on culture, social rules and regulations,
time and place. It may take diverse forms and much of what was
considered as “unnatural”, “sinful”, or “lewd” before is more often likely
accepted in contemporary society. Take a look at some of the common
sexual behaviors based on the study conducted by Kinsey Pomeroy, &
Martin (1948):
Masturbation or Solitary Sex - This is sexual self-stimulation, often

using the hand to rub the genitals or with the
aid of a device. Long time ago, it is
considered to result in a wide array of
physical and mental disorders, ranging from
hairy palms to insanity. However, it is also
considered as the most frequently practiced
sexual activities. Both males and females
masturbate with men considerably more
often than females. Some experienced
feelings of guilt and others considered their
behaviors as perverted (Arafat & Cotton,
1974, cited in Feldman, 2008), experts view
it as healthy, legitimate, harmless sexual
activity. It is also considered as a means of
learning about one’s own sexuality and a
way of discovering changes in one’s body.
Heterosexuality - Sexual attraction and behavior directed to

the other sex. The focus is on the act of
male-female intercourse, but heterosexual
behavior also involves kissing, petting,
caressing, massaging and other forms of sex
play.
Premarital sex - Sex before marriage is considered as wrong

in most culture, however, 60% of Americans
said that premarital sex is okay, with more
women between ages 15 and 19 have had

engage in this activity over last decades.

(Jones, Darroch and Singh, 2005, cited in
Feldman, 2008). The view that premarital sex
is permissible for males but not for females
or “double standard” has been succeeded by
a new view like what they called as
“permissiveness with affection” – that this
act is permissible for both men and women if
it occurs within a long term, committed, or
loving relationship (DeGaton, Weed, &
Jensed, 1996;Hyde, 2006).
Marital & extramarital sex Sex in marriage or marital sex is

considered to be the number one standard
by which marital bliss is measured. However,
most couples are still concerned whether
they are having too little, too much or wrong
kind of sex. Study shows that married
couples practices a varied pattern of sexual
intercourse and that this activity continues
into late adulthood although the frequency of
intercourse declines as people aged.
Meanwhile, extramarital sex is a sexual
activity between a married person and
someone who is not his or her spouse and a
high degree of disapproval for this activity is
apparent with nine out of ten people saying
that it is “always” or “almost always” wrong.
Homosexuality and Sex with same sexual-sex partners. While the

bisexuality majority of people identify as heterosexual
(attraction to opposite-sexed individuals),
there is a sizable population of people within
the United States who identify as either
homosexual (same-sex attraction) or
bisexual (attraction to both sexes).
Research
suggests that somewhere between 3% and
10% of the population identifies as
homosexual (Kinsey, Pomeroy, & Martin,
1948). No explanation for why people
become homosexual has been confirmed;
among
the possibilities are genetic or biological
factors, childhood and family influences, and
prior learning experiences and conditioning.
However, no relationship exists between
sexual orientation and psychological
adjustment.
Transsexualism Trans-sexualism is a part of broader category

known as transgenderism. It encompasses
not only transsexuals but also people who

view themselves as a third gender,

transvestites (those who dress in clothes for
the other gender) or others who believe that
traditional male-female gender classifications
inadequately characterize themselves.
Other emerging sex trends
Different Sex trends that have emerged includes partner swapping,
orgies, use of toys, sexual fetishism, sexual conversation in chat rooms,
and group sex.
 Partner swapping or “swinging” is the act of couples
agreeing with others to get intimate. It is when wives
allowing the husbands / partners a go ahead to get it from
friends or vice versa.
 Orgies – Parties where people engage in unrestrained
intimacy with each other, both strangers and known
people.
 Pornography / Use of toys – Pornography, representation
of sexual behavior in books, pictures, statues, motion
pictures, and other media that is intended to cause sexual
excitement. Further, to make sex activity more
pleasurable, inventors developed toys like dildos and
flashlights.
 Sexual fetishism – intimacy fixated to specific body parts
or non-human objects that are otherwise considered non-
sexual, like foot and lingerie fetishism.
 “Online” sex – participating in sexual conversations and
acts with the use of technology with people across the
world.
 Group sex – One man, several women and vice versa
trend of sex activity.
Meanwhile in the Philippines based on the study conducted by

Elmer G. de Jose (2013) among Filipino adolescents, data revealed that
they still hold conservative attitude towards sex. They considered sex as
sacred and should only be enjoyed in the context of marriage, in as much
as they believed that virginity is also important both for men and women
upon marriage. Further disagreement was also evident on the following
aspects: premarital sex, multiple sex, casual sex, pornography,
cohabitation, same-sex relationship, petting, and female masturbation.
These findings reflect the generally traditional cultural mores about
premarital and non-marital sexual activity. This conservative attitude may
be influenced by strong religious beliefs and deep-rooted cultural values.
As a predominantly Christian country, adolescents consider sex as
between married couples as morally and legally acceptable. Premarital
sex, pornography, prostitution, nudity, cohabitation and similar variants
are still considered illegal and taboo.
Clearly, sex and sex-related behavior are influenced by culture,

expectations, attitudes, beliefs, and the state of medical and biological
knowledge in a given period.

Sexual Difficulties: When Sex Goes Wrong

People not only engage in sexual behaviors for the purpose of
pleasure and reproduction. In some cases, personal difficulties, like
anxiety, embarrassment, shame, anger, depression and psychological
problems and long-lasting consequences stem from problems related to
sex. Here are some of cases when sex goes wrong:
 Rape - Rape is an act by which one person forces another person

to submit to sexual activity. Often the victim is acquainted with the
rapist. The motivation for rape is only sometimes sexual
gratification. More frequently it is power, aggression, or anger.
 Childhood sexual abuse – Data showed that most of the sexual

abused on children is carried out by a relative or an acquaintance.
The most vulnerable age for being molested is between 7 and 13,
and the abusers tend to be about 20 years older than the victim and
about 90% of the abusers are men (Wolfe, 1999, Finkelhor, Ormrod,
& Turner, 2005, cited in Feldman, 2008).
 Sexually transmitted Infections (STDs) - Sexually transmitted

diseases (STDs) are infections that are passed from one person to
another through sexual contact. The causes of STDs are bacteria,
parasites, and viruses. (Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Information
from CDC, 2020). Here are some of the common types of STDs:
o Chlamydia - a disease that in women initially

produces no symptoms and in men causes a burning
sensation during urination and a discharge from the
penis. Once diagnosed, chlamydia can be cured with
antibiotics, most often azithromycin or doxycycline (Ku
et al., 2002; CDC, 2004a).
o Genital herpes - Genital herpes is an STD caused by

two types of viruses. The viruses are called herpes
simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus
type 2 (HSV-2). Oral herpes caused by HSV-1 can be
spread from the mouth to the genitals through oral sex
while you can get genital herpes by having vaginal,
anal, or oral sex with someone who has the disease.
You will not get herpes from toilet seats, bedding, or
swimming pools, or from touching objects around you
such as silverware, soap, or towels. Herpes sores
usually appear as one or more blisters on or around
the genitals, rectum or mouth. The blisters break and
leave painful sores that may take a week or more to

heal. There is no cure for herpes. However, there are

medicines that can prevent or shorten outbreaks. One
of these anti-herpes medicines can be taken daily, and
makes it less likely that you will pass the infection on
to your sex partner(s).
o Gonorrhea - Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted

disease (STD) that can infect both men and women. It
can cause infections in the genitals, rectum, and
throat. It is a very common infection, especially among
young people ages 15-24 years. You can get gonorrhea
by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who
has gonorrhea. A pregnant woman with gonorrhea can
give the infection to her baby during childbirth.
Symptoms include, a burning sensation when
urinating; A white, yellow, or green discharge from the
penis/vagina; painful or swollen testicles (although this
is less common) and vaginal bleeding between periods
for girls. Anyone who is sexually active can get
gonorrhea. Gonorrhea can cause very serious
complications when not treated, but can be cured with
the right medication.
o HIV/AIDS - HIV stands for human immunodeficiency

virus. It harms your immune system by destroying the
white blood cells that fight infection. This puts you at
risk for serious infections and certain cancers. AIDS
stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is
the final stage of infection with HIV. Not everyone with
HIV develops AIDS. HIV most often spreads through
unprotected sex with a person who has HIV. It may also
spread by sharing drug needles or through contact
with the blood of a person who has HIV. Women can
give it to their babies during pregnancy or childbirth.
There is no cure, but there are many medicines that
fight HIV infection and lower the risk of infecting
others. People who get early treatment can live
with the disease for a long time.
o HPV - Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most

common sexually transmitted infection in the United
States. There are many different types of HPV. Some
types can cause health problems including genital
warts and cancers. You can get HPV by having vaginal,

anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus. It is

most commonly spread during vaginal or anal sex. HPV
can be passed even when an infected person has no
signs or symptoms. Some health effects caused by HPV
can be prevented by the HPV vaccines.
o Genital warts - Another common STI is genital warts

(caused by human papilloma virus). Genital warts are
small, lumpy warts that form on or near the penis or
vagina. The warts are easy to diagnose because of
their distinctive appearance. They look like small
cauliflower bulbs. They usually form about two months
after exposure and can be treated with a drug called
metronidazole (Cothran & White, 2002, cited in
Feldman, 2008).
o Syphilis - If untreated, syphilis may affect the brain,

the heart, and a developing fetus, and can even be
fatal. Syphilis first reveals itself through a small sore at
the point of sexual contact. In its secondary stage, it
may include a rash. Syphilis can be treated
successfully with antibiotics if it is diagnosed early
enough.
o Trichomoniasis - (or “trich”) is a very common

sexually transmitted disease (STD). It is caused by
infection with a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas
vaginalis. The parasite passes from an infected person
to an uninfected person during sex. In women, the
most commonly infected part of the body is the lower
genital tract (vulva, vagina, cervix, or urethra). In men,
the most commonly infected body part is the inside of
the penis (urethra). Trichomoniasis can be treated with
medication (either metronidazole or tinidazole). These
pills are taken by mouth.
Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases
the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If a
pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems
for the baby.
Sexual Problems – Among the major sexual problems reported by males

are:
 erectile dysfunction - The inability of a male to achieve or maintain
an erection.
 premature ejaculation - The inability of a male to delay orgasm as
long as he wishes.

 inhibited ejaculation - The inability of a male to ejaculate when he

wants to, if at all.
For females, the major problem is anorgasmia, or a lack of orgasm.

Both men and women may suffer from inhibited sexual desire.
Understanding and Supporting Sexuality

The following suggestions are given for you to provide some
guidance on how you can make conscious, satisfying, healthy and
respectful choices regarding relationships and sexuality:
1. If you are struggling with your sexuality get support from someone
you trust. Don’t feel pressured and stressed to put a label on your
sexuality.
2. Topics and discussions of normal expressions of sexuality such as

masturbation, relationships, contraception, sexually transmitted
diseases, and safe sex practices must be a part of your everyday
conversations with other people in your life.
3. Respect and understand boundaries or limits in sexual relationships.

Women should believe in their rights to set limits and communicate
those limits clearly, firmly, and early on while men should know that
a woman who says no to sex activity is not rejecting them but is
rejecting a specific act at a specific time.
4. Be aware that sex offending behaviors like rape, sexual assault and
other forms of sexual abuse is wrong, it hurts other people and it
has legal and emotional consequences that may affect the quality
of life of the offender and the victim.
5. Follow safer sex practices.
6. Consume only and share information on sexuality that is

scientifically accurate, nonjudgmental, age-appropriate and
complete.

Guided Exercises / Learning Activities
LEARNING ACTIVITY # 1
Learning Objectives:
1. Explore the different components of sexual self, and

2. Identify different sources of sexual learning.
Read each question listed below and record your answers on the space
provided. Your answers will not be discussed in the class.
Question Answer
1. Where do young people like

you learn about sexuality?
Give at least three examples
and explanations.
2. In thinking about the
concepts, we learned today
about sexual self, name three
ways that you are a sexual
being. (These three ways should
have nothing to do with sexual
intercourse; remember sexuality
encompasses much more than
sexual intercourse).
3. What are some of the early
messages you received about
your sexual self?
4. What advice would you give
to teens your age about
sexuality?

LEARNING ACTIVITY # 2
Learning Objectives:
1. Be able to demonstrate understanding and perspective on the

diverse sexual behaviors.
2. Judge the evaluate appropriateness of different sexual behaviors
and its sources in the development of “self”.
Instruction:
With the proliferation of the internet-enabled technology, give your own
perspective on the influence of sexually explicit Internet material or
pornography on sexual self-concept, body image and social development.
You may be guided by the following questions but you are also free to add
information outside these questions.
 What is the impact of Internet pornography on body image,
sexual attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, sexual aggression, etc.?
 Does pornography offer a valuable public service? Is
pornography good for viewer self-esteem? Elaborate your
answer.
Scoring / Rubrics :

Area to 1.0 1.75 2.25 3.0 5.0

Assess Beyond Expecte Satisfact Acceptabl Unacceptab
Expectati d ory e le
on
Reflectio Reflects Reflects Some Little Did not
n paper well on on own reflection reflection comply
own work; work; on own on own
provides provide work; work;
many s provides provides
examples exampl few very few
Reflects e example or no
well on examples
own work;
provides
example
and
justificatio
n
a to Assess
1.0
Beyond Expectation
1.75
Expected
2.25
Satisfactory
3.0
Acceptable
5.0
Unacceptable
1. Reflections/Personal Responses
Reflects well on own work;

provides many examples
Reflects on own work; provides
example
Some reflection on own work;
provides few examples
Little reflection on own
work; provides very few or
no examples
Did not co

Area to Assess
1.0
Beyond Expectation
1.75
Expected
2.25
Satisfactory
3.0
Acceptable
5.0
Unacceptable
1. Reflections/Personal Responses
Reflects well on own work;

provides many examples
Reflects on own work; provides
example
Some reflection on own work;
provides few examples
Little reflection on own
work; provides very few or
no examples
Did not co
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RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

SESSION NO. 5 / WEEK NO. 5

MODULE NO. 4: THE SEXUAL SELF

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 1

At the end of the module, you are expected to:

Before you begin, kindly look at the statement made by Ms.

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 2

Defining Sexual Concept

Your answer to the question above speaks of your sexual schema or

Sex, Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Sexuality

When you are completing forms like college application forms,

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 3

which they are identified as male or female. Individuals in this category

Moreover, sexual orientation according to the American

Although a person’s intimate behavior may have sexual fluidity —

Sexuality refers to the total expression of who you are as a human

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 4

orientation, eroticism, genitals, intimacy, relationships, and love and

Understanding Human Sexual Response

Why, and under what circumstances, do we become sexually aroused?

To answer this question let’s look at the basic Biology of sexual

Phases of Sexual Response

In 1966, William Masters and Virginia Johnson published a book detailing

 Excitement phase – It is the phase where an arousing stimulus

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 5

 Orgasm – It is an intense, pleasurable feeling that occurs at the

DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

What do you think are “normal sexual behavior”? How do most

These are questions about sexual behaviors. What is considered

Masturbation or Solitary Sex - This is sexual self-stimulation, often

Heterosexuality - Sexual attraction and behavior directed to

Premarital sex - Sex before marriage is considered as wrong

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 6

engage in this activity over last decades.

Marital & extramarital sex Sex in marriage or marital sex is

Homosexuality and Sex with same sexual-sex partners. While the

Transsexualism Trans-sexualism is a part of broader category

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 7

view themselves as a third gender,

Meanwhile in the Philippines based on the study conducted by

Clearly, sex and sex-related behavior are influenced by culture,

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 8

Sexual Difficulties: When Sex Goes Wrong

 Rape - Rape is an act by which one person forces another person

 Childhood sexual abuse – Data showed that most of the sexual

 Sexually transmitted Infections (STDs) - Sexually transmitted

o Chlamydia - a disease that in women initially

o Genital herpes - Genital herpes is an STD caused by

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 9

heal. There is no cure for herpes. However, there are

o Gonorrhea - Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted

o HIV/AIDS - HIV stands for human immunodeficiency

o HPV - Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 10

anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus. It is

o Genital warts - Another common STI is genital warts

o Syphilis - If untreated, syphilis may affect the brain,