FDS Lab02

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Lab 02
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
CIRCUIT & BASIC APPLICATION
BFM3403 Fluid Drive System
Prepared By:
Mohd Azraai Razman
[email protected]
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan, UMP
Checked by:
Rizal Ramedan
Lab Location
Hydraulic and Pneumatic FKP, UMP
Lab Objectives
By the end of this lab, students should be able to understand the specification of Pneumatics
components, cylinder, relays and valves. Basic understanding of electro-pneumatic are
imposed.
Group Information: GROUP NO ___
No Student ID Student Names Section

1
2
3
4
BFM 3403 Fluid_Drive_System_Lab_Intro_Pneumatic Azraai-FKP-2018/2019

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In this lab, students are required to have an ample understanding of operating basic
pneumatics system. The objective of this lab exercise is to ensure students understanding of
Pneumatic system.
i. Fundamental of Pneumatics System components.

ii. PART A: Integrating PLC circuit
iii. PART B: Basic operation of Pneumatic system
iv. References
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS – BE AWARE OF HIGH VOLTAGE!

DO NOT TURN ON THE POWER WHILE WIRING
FOLLOW THE STANDARD OF PROCEDURES (SOP) ON
OPERATING THE AIR COMPRESSOR
Fundamental of Pneumatics System components
Pneumatics deals the use of compressed air. Most commonly, compressed air is used to do
mechanical work – that is to produce motion and to generate forces. Pneumatic drives have
the task of converting the energy stored in compressed air into motion.
Cylinders are most commonly used for pneumatic drives. They are characterized by robust
construction, a large range of types, simple installation and favourable price/performance. As
a result of these benefits, pneumatics is used in a wide range of applications. Figure 1 below
show an example of a double acting cylinder and circuit symbol.
Figure 1 Double Acting Cylinder
Sensors are used to record information about the status of a system and to pass this
information on to the control. A mechanical limit switch is an electrical switch which is
activated when a machine part or a workpiece is in a certain position. Activation is generally
effected by a cam activating a moveable operating lever. Limit switches are normally
equipped with changeover contacts capable of performing closing, opening or changeover of
circuits. Figure 2 shows the sectional view and circuit symbol of a limit switch.

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Figure 2 Sectional view and circuit symbol
Relays are electromagnetically actuated switches. They consist of housing with

electromagnet and moveable contacts. An electromagnetic field is created when a voltage is
applied to the coil of the electromagnet. This results in attraction of the movable armature to
the coil core. The armature actuates the contact assembly. This contact assembly can open or
close a specific number of contacts by mechanical means. If the flow of current through the
coil is interrupted, a spring must return the armature to its original position. Figure 3 illustrate
the sectional view and circuit symbol of a relay
Figure 3 Sectional view and circuit symbol

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PART A: Basic operation of Pneumatic system (20 Marks)
In this section students will experience the operating procedures for pneumatic systems and
the basic application of cylinders, relay, valve and sensors. The two cylinders that will be use
is the double acting cylinder. The relay in the lab is OMRON MY2N and for the sensor is the
reed switch on the actuators. Before operating the pneumatic compressor, the following must
be installed:
i. Place the two cylinders and the REED SWITCH where at the extending motion of the
cylinder.
ii. Once the START button is pressed, the GREEN indicator is turn ON.
iii. First cylinder will extend, and only after ‘3 seconds’ then it will retract back.
iv. After that, the second cylinder will extend, which similarly retracted after ‘3 seconds’.
v. This is the first cycle which is detected by using a counter.
vi. The process continues for the second time and only after both cycle finishes, the
YELLOW indicator is turn ON to inform that the process is finish.
Part B
Once the system is fully installed, adjust the control-valve to facilitate the extending and
retracting speed.
1. Vary the pressure (allowable maximum and minimum) to study the force generated
from the cylinder. Adjust the control valve appropriately. Show the working
principles and calculation in retrieving the results. Table the results below:
Table 1: Results of the cylinder

Pressure Force Speed
2. What is the range (min – max) that the cylinder can withstand?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What is a piston seal? What does it use for? What happen to the cylinder if the piston
seal is damaged?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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4. Draw the circuit symbol for OMRON MY2N relay
5. Draw the pneumatic and electric circuit of the system

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Figure 4 Sectional view of one-way control valve
6. What are the components parts of one-way control valve?

1._____________________________________________
2._____________________________________________
3._____________________________________________
4._____________________________________________
5._____________________________________________
6._____________________________________________
A._____________________________________________
B._____________________________________________
7. Explain the mode of operation of a one-way control valve

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Case Study
In micro components application, pneumatic system is implemented to support the operation

of the system. A microchip soldering machine requires two actuators for holding the board
and soldering the components in place.
Develop a system that satisfies this condition by using pneumatic manifold to control the
actuators. Reed switches will be implemented in this part, therefore the interlocking system
should be applied to ensure any pressure loss could be detected and indicated.

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Page 1 of 7

BFM3403 Fluid Drive System

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan, UMP

Group Information: GROUP NO ___

No Student ID Student Names Section

BFM 3403 Fluid_Drive_System_Lab_Intro_Pneumatic Azraai-FKP-2018/2019

i. Fundamental of Pneumatics System components.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS – BE AWARE OF HIGH VOLTAGE!

Fundamental of Pneumatics System components

Figure 1 Double Acting Cylinder

BFM 3403 Fluid_Drive_System_Lab_Intro_Pneumatic Azraai-FKP-2018/2019

Figure 2 Sectional view and circuit symbol

Relays are electromagnetically actuated switches. They consist of housing with

Figure 3 Sectional view and circuit symbol

BFM 3403 Fluid_Drive_System_Lab_Intro_Pneumatic Azraai-FKP-2018/2019

PART A: Basic operation of Pneumatic system (20 Marks)

Table 1: Results of the cylinder

BFM 3403 Fluid_Drive_System_Lab_Intro_Pneumatic Azraai-FKP-2018/2019

4. Draw the circuit symbol for OMRON MY2N relay

5. Draw the pneumatic and electric circuit of the system

BFM 3403 Fluid_Drive_System_Lab_Intro_Pneumatic Azraai-FKP-2018/2019

Figure 4 Sectional view of one-way control valve

6. What are the components parts of one-way control valve?

7. Explain the mode of operation of a one-way control valve

In micro components application, pneumatic system is implemented to support the operation

BFM 3403 Fluid_Drive_System_Lab_Intro_Pneumatic Azraai-FKP-2018/2019

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