Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State

University South La Union Campus

COLLEGE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH AND ALLIED
MEDICAL SCIENCES
Agoo, La Union
Tel. 072.682.0663/ichams.dmmmsu-sluc.com
Embracing World Class Standards Nursing Department Care to learn, Learn to care

Dela Cruz, Jonelvira C. October 23, 2021

BSN 3-B

Activity 1
NUPC 113

ACTIVITY 1. In each disease, make at least 5 nursing diagnosis based on the discussed assessment data. From these nursing diagnoses, give the
expected patient outcome. Follow the prescribed template and the first disease was already done for you.

DISEASE NURSING DIAGNOSIS EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Pneumonia 1. Impaired gas exchange related to decreased diffusion at the  Attains or maintains adequate GAS EXCHANGE
alveolar-capillary membrane  Maintains patent airways
2. Potential for airway obstruction related to excessive  Is free of the invading organism
tracheobronchial secretions, fatigue, chest discomfort, and  Avoids empyema
muscle weakness.  Returns to his or her pre-
3. Potential for sepsis related to the presence of microorganisms  pneumonia health status
in a very vascular area.
Tuberculosis 1. Risk for Infection [spread/reactivation]  Identify interventions to prevent or reduce risk of infection.
2. Ineffective Airway Clearance related to thick, viscous, or  Demonstrate behaviors to improve or maintain clear airway.
bloody secretions  Demonstrate improved ventilation and adequate oxygenation of tissues
3. Risk for Impaired Gas Exchange by ABGs within client’s usual parameters and absence of symptoms of
4. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements related to respiratory distress.
inability to ingest adequate nutrients  Demonstrate behaviors, lifestyle changes to regain and/or maintain
5. Risk for Ineffective Self-Health Management appropriate weight.
 Verbalize acceptance of need and desire to change actions to achieve
agreed-on health goals.

Ebola 1. Risk for bleeding related to impaired clotting factors.  Bleeding was stopped in its tracks.
2. Risk for electrolyte imbalance related to decrease oral intake,  Normal fluid and electrolyte balance was restored.
vomiting and diarrhea.  The occurrence of shock was avoided.
3. Risk for shock related to progressive multi-organ failure.  Pain is relieved.
4. Pain related to musculoskeletal and abdominal aches.  The volume of the body's fluids has been restored to normal.
5. Risk for fluid volume deficit related to restricted oral intake,
bleeding, vomiting and diarrhea.

Hepatitis 1. Risk for deficient fluid volume  Maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good
 2. Fatigue related to decreased metabolic energy production skin turgor, capillary refill, strong peripheral pulses, and individually
3. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements r/t altered appropriate urinary output.
absorption and metabolism of ingested foods  Report improved sense of energy.
4. Impaired skin integrity  Initiate behaviors, lifestyle changes to regain/maintain an appropriate
5. Deficient knowledge r/t lack of exposure/recall; information weight.
misinterpretation  Display intact skin/tissues, free of excoriation.
 Verbalize understanding of disease process, prognosis, and potential
complications

Guillain-Barre Syndrome 1. Acute pain r/t biologic injuring agent (inflammation of nerves)  Rates pain as less than (specify pain rating and scale used).
2. Ineffective breathing pattern r/t decrease lung  Client will maintain an effective breathing pattern
3. Impaired Physical Mobility r/t neuromuscular impairment  Client will have improved strength and function of the affected
4. Impaired Urinary Elimination extremity.
 Client will establish routine urinary elimination patterns.
5. Anxiety r/t change in health status and threat to self-concept.
 Parents and child verbalize decreased feelings of anxiety.
Chlamydial Infection 1. Acute pain r/t burning, odor or itching caused by the infection.  Verbalized reduction of pain
2. Anxiety r/t the length of the healing of disease symptoms.  Decreased feeling of anxiety
3. Sexual dysfunction r/t the limitations allowed by the symptoms  Helps address of sexual trauma
(fatigue, decreased libido, depression) sense of rejection by a  Shows various techniques such as self-stimulation for treatment of
partner. problems
4. Low self-esteem r/t feelings of shame because of illness,  Identify interventions to prevent/reduce risk of spread of infection.
ineffective individual coping.
5. Risk for infection exposed to disease transmission.
Herpes 1. Acute Pain r/t nerve pain  Client will be comfortable as evidenced by the ability to rest.
2. Deficient knowledge of information about herpes  Client will verbalize needed information regarding the disease, signs
3. Risk for infection r/t skin lesions (papules, vesicles, pustules) and symptoms, treatment, and possible complications of herpes
4. Risk for disturbed body image r/t visible skin lesions zoster.
 Client will remain free of secondary infection
 Client will verbalize feelings about lesions and continues daily
activities.
Gonorrhea 1. Situational low self-esteem r/t shame and guilt because of  Verbalize that she has nothing to be ashamed of and that she has
having an STI been wise to seek treatment as soon as symptoms occur.
2. Ineffective sexuality patterns r/t the impaired relationship and  Verbalize that she will insist her partner use condoms during future
fear of reinfection sexual activity.
3. Pain r/t the infectious process  Experience relief of pain, indicating that the infection had been
4. Anxiety r/t fear about possible cancer eradicated.
 Express relief that the Pap smear showed no abnormal cells.

Ulcerative Colitis 1. Imbalance nutrition: less than body requirements r/t altered  Achieve a weight within his/her normal BMI.
absorption of nutrients  Maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good
2. Risk for deficient fluid volume skin.
3. Diarrhea r/t inflammation of the bowel  Return to a more normal stool.
4. Deficient knowledge of information about Ulcerative colitis  Client will verbalize needed information regarding the disease, signs
and symptoms, treatment, and possible complications of Ulcerative
5. Anxiety r/t the length of the healing of disease symptoms.
 colitis.
 Decreased feeling of anxiety
Crohn’s Disease 1. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements r/t altered  Achieve weight within his/her normal BMI demonstrating healthy eating
absorption of nutrients patterns
2. Acute pain r/t abdominal muscle spasm  Demonstrate relief of pain
3. Deficient knowledge of information about Crohn’s disease  Client will verbalize needed information regarding the disease, signs
4. Risk for deficient fluid volume and symptoms, treatment, and possible complications of Crohn’s
disease.
5. Anxiety r/t the length of the healing of disease symptoms.
 Maintain adequate hydration, as evidenced by stable vital signs, good
skin.
 Decreased feeling of anxiety
Appendicitis 1. Acute pain related to obstructed appendix.  Relieving pain.
2. Risk for deficient fluid volume related to preoperative vomiting,  Preventing fluid volume deficit.
postoperative restrictions.  Reducing anxiety.
3. Anxiety r/t the length of the healing of disease symptoms.  Eliminating infection due to the potential or actual disruption of the GI
4. Risk for infection related to ruptured appendix. tract.
 Maintaining skin integrity.
5. Impaired skin integrity
Peritonitis 1. Acute pain related to peritoneal irritation.  Reduce the level of pain
2. Deficient fluid volume related to massive shifting of fluids  Restore fluid and electrolyte balance.
towards the intestinal lumen and depletion in the vascular  Prevent complications.
space.
3. Risk for shock related to septicemia or hypovolemia
Pancreatitis 1. Ineffective breathing pattern related to splinting from severe  Improvement in respiratory function.
pain, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural effusion, and atelectasis.  Relief of pain and discomfort.
2. Acute pain related to edema, distention of the pancreas, and  Improvement in nutritional status.
peritoneal irritation.
3. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to
inadequate dietary intake, impaired pancreatic secretions, and
increased nutritional needs.

Cholecystitis 1. Acute pain r/t the inflammatory process  Relieve pain and promote rest.
2. Risk for imbalanced nutrition r/t self-imposed dietary restrictions  Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
and pain  Prevent complications.
3. Deficient fluid volume  Provide information about disease process, prognosis, and treatment
4. Deficient knowledge of information about Cholecystitis needs
Multiple Sclerosis 1. Self-care deficit r/t neuromuscular/perceptual impairment;  Identify individual areas of weakness/needs.
intolerance to activity; decreased strength  Identify risk factors and individual actions affecting fatigue.
2. Fatigue r/t decreased energy production  Verbalize a realistic view and acceptance of the body as it is.
3. Risk for low self-esteem  Display effective problem-solving skills.
4. Risk for ineffective coping  Demonstrate behaviors/techniques to prevent/minimize infection.
5. Impaired urinary elimination neuromuscular impairment

Diabetes Mellitus 1. Risk for unstable blood glucose  Achieve and maintain glucose in satisfactory range.
2. Deficient knowledge regarding dietary modifications  Demonstrate knowledge of diet
3. Risk for infection  Identify interventions to prevent/reduce risk of infection.
 4. Risk for disturbed sensory perception  Recognize and compensate for existing sensory impairments.
5. Risk for therapeutic regimen management  Correctly perform necessary procedures and explain reasons for the
actions.
Acute Glomerulenophritis 1. Excess fluid volume r/t decrease in regulatory mechanisms  Have a normal fluid balance, as seen by the lack of edema.
(renal failure) with the potential of water  Increase your tolerance for an activity.
2. Activity intolerance  You will not have a headache and will appear tranquil.
3. Risk for injury r/t impaired renal function  There will be no painful throat.
4. Risk for infection
Cystitis 1. Acute pain related to infection within the urinary tract.  Relief of pain and discomfort.
2. Deficient knowledge about factors predisposing the patient to  Increased knowledge of preventive measures and treatment
infection and recurrence, detection and prevention of modalities.
recurrence, and pharmacologic therapy
Urolithiasis 1. Impaired urinary elimination r/t stimulation of the bladder by  Void in normal amounts and usual pattern.
calculi, renal or ureteral irritation  Report pain is relieved with spasms controlled.
2. Acute pain r/t increased frequency/force of ureteral contractions  Maintain adequate fluid balance as evidenced by vital signs and
3. Risk for deficient fluid volume weight.
4. Deficient knowledge of lack of exposure/recall; information  Verbalize understanding of disease process and potential
complications.
misinterpretation
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 1. Pain related to infectious process.  Relieved pain
2. Alteration of comfort related to inflammation, edema, secondary  Verbalized feeling of comfort
to pelvic inflammatory disease.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 1. Acute Pain r/t mucosal irritation  Report pain relieved/controlled.
2. Urinary retention r/t mechanical obstruction; enlarged prostate  Void in sufficient amounts with no palpable bladder distension.
3. Risk for deficient fluid volume  Maintain adequate hydration
4. Anxiety and fear r/t change in health status  Verbalize accurate knowledge of the situation.
Systemic Lupus Erythematous 1. Impaired skin integrity  Maintain optimal skin integrity
2. Acute pain r/t inflammation associated with increased disease  Implement a pain management plan.
activity  Verbalize reduction in fatigue level.
3. Fatigue r/t disease condition  Verbalize understanding of disease process and its treatment.
4. Deficient knowledge r/t disease and its treatment

Activity 2
NUPC 113
ACTIVITY 2. Search the following diseases and pattern your output based on the following:

NAME OF THE DISEASE OVERVIEW NURSING ASSESSMENT NURSING DIAGNOSIS PLANNING AND EVALUATION/PATIENT
IMPLEMENTATION EXPECTED OUTCOMES
 SYPHILIS Syphilis is a highly contagious disease  Educate the patient on sexual  Acute pain may related to  The nurse will provide  The patient will verbalize
that’s mostly spread through sexual safety. inflammatory process, edema the patient with a he will abstain from
activity, including oral and anal sex. The  Promote the use of condoms. formation, and development of complimentary 90-day sexual contact with
infected person often doesn’t know that  Encourage a partner's skin lesions supply of condoms. To anyone until skin lesion is
they have the disease and passes it on to treatment  Impaired Skin/Tissue Integrity prevent disease healed to prevent disease
their sexual partner. Syphilis was once a  Penicillin benzathine should related to exposure to pathogens transmission, the nurse transmission.
major public health threat. It can cause be given.  Delayed Growth and will inform the patient  The patient will verbalize
serious long-term problems such  Educate the patient on the Development related to effect of that he must refrain from 5 ways on how to prevent
as arthritis, brain damage, and blindness. importance of not having sex infectious process sexual contact with acquiring sexually
There wasn’t an effective treatment until with an infected partner.  Deficient Knowledge regarding anyone until the skin transmitted diseases.
the late 1940s, when the  Listen to your heart for an pathophysiology of condition, lesion heals.  The patient will develop a
antibiotic penicillin was developed. Syphilis aortic regurgitation murmur. transmissibility, therapy needs,  The nurse will teach the list of sexual partners he
is caused by the bacteria Treponema expected outcomes, and patient how to avoid had the past 90 days so
 Examine the chest x-ray
pallidum. You get it through direct contact potential complications may be contracting sexually they can be informed to
report (syphilis can cause
with a syphilis sore on someone else’s related to caretaker/parental lack transmitted diseases. get checked for syphilis
aortic aneurysms)
body. This usually happens during sexual of information, misinterpretation,  The nurse will assist the free of charge at the local
 Examine your neurologic and
activity, but the bacteria can also get into possibly evidenced by patient in compiling a list health department.
mental health (rule out
your body through cuts on your skin or statements of concern, of the patient's previous  The patient will verbalize
tertiary syphilis)
through your mucous membranes. questions, and misconceptions sexual partners in the how syphilis is
Syphilis can’t be spread by toilet seats,  Examine the genitals to
ensure that healing has previous 90 days and transmitted, what bacteria
doorknobs, swimming pools, hot tubs, will inform them that they causes it, the side effects
bathtubs, shared clothing, or eating occurred.
can be tested for syphilis of not getting the disease
utensils. at the local health treated, and how to
department for free. further prevent being re-
 The nurse will educate infected.
the patient on how
syphilis is transmitted,
what bacteria causes it,
the consequences of not
receiving treatment, and
how to avoid re-infection.
CHANCROID Chancroid is a sexually transmitted  Use standard precautions  The patient has one or more  The patient is first Antimicrobial treatment for
infection (STI) caused by the bacterium whenever you may come into painful genital ulcers; evaluated by a primary chancroid cures the infection,
Haemophilus ducreyi. Periodic outbreaks contact with genital  The clinical presentation, care provider.  alleviates clinical symptoms,
of chancroid have occurred in the US, secretions – for instance, appearance of genital ulcers and,  The diagnosis can be and prevents transmission to
usually in minority populations in the inner when collecting specimens if present, regional difficult and necessitates others. Despite successful
cities. This disease is common in sub- and performing a physical lymphadenopathy are typical for a consultation with an therapy, suppurative buboes
Saharan Africa among men who have examination. chancroid; infectious disease can cause genital scarring and
frequent contact with prostitutes.  Administer anti-ineffective  The patient has no evidence of T. specialist.  rectal or urogenital fistulas in
The infection begins with the appearance medications and, possibly, pallidum infection by darkfield  Nurses assist with advanced cases.
of painful open sores on the genitals, analgesics as ordered. examination or NAAT  patient evaluation,
sometimes accompanied by swollen,  Provide topical care by treatment, and
tender lymph nodes in the groin. These washing the affected area education. Pharmacists
symptoms occur within a week after with soap and water, followed review medications, look
exposure. Symptoms in women are often by a bacterial agent. Don’t for drug interactions, and
less noticeable and may be limited to allow the area to remain educate patients.
painful urination or defecation, painful moist; this can enhance the  The condition
intercourse, rectal bleeding, or vaginal growth of the organism. necessitates antibiotic
 discharge.  Report all cases of chancroid treatment, but all
Chancroid can be treated effectively with to the local board of health if patients should be tested
several antibiotics. Chancroid is one of the required in your state. for other sexually
genital ulcer diseases associated with an  Examine the patient’s sexual transmitted infections. 
increased risk of transmission of contacts and refer them for  All patients should
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), treatment, even if they’re receive safe sex
the cause of AIDS. asymptomatic. education.
 Monitor the effectiveness of
analgesic administration by
asking the patient to rate his
pain before and after
receiving the drug.
 Inspect the ulcers for signs of
healing as well as signs of
localized infection.
 Instruct the patient to take his
anti-infective medication for
the period prescribed.
 Teach the patient not to apply
creams, lotions, or oils on or
near his genitalia or on other
lesion sites.
 Advice the patient to abstain
from sexual contact until
follow-up evaluation shows
that healing is complete
usually about 2 weeks after
treatment begins.
 Inform patient that condoms
may provide
CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA Condylomata acuminata are caused by the  The most common route of  Condylomata acuminata,  Physicians should  The patient should
human papillomavirus (HPV), which has infection is through sexual commonly called genital warts, provide patients an receive education on safe
over 100 different strains. Subtypes contact; are typically diagnosed clinically, explanation of the cause sex practice; this means
number 6 and 11 causes 90% of genital  Perinatal transmission and, using visual examination, of their lesions. The using barrier protection,
warts and are considered low risk because on rare occasions, sometimes aided by a magnifying patient should be avoiding anal sex, and
they very rarely will cause genital or anal transmission from hand warts glass. advised to inform all multiple partners.
cancer. On the other hand, subtypes 16 in children have also been  Patients or clinicians may notice current and previous  The patient should be
and 18, for example, are considered high linked to the spread. There is lesions, which may be on genital sexual partners in the encouraged to be tested
risk because, although they rarely cause no evidence that fomites are skin or mucous membranes. past six months of their for other sexually
genital warts, they can lead to cervical or to blame. genital warts. transmitted infections and
anal pre-cancer and cancer.  Increased risk of developing  Patients should be maintain long term follow
HPV is spread by skin-to-skin contact genital warts. counseled on the up.
during sexual activity; there does not need  Both smoking and using importance of condom
to be vaginal or anal intercourse to spread ultraviolet sunbed radiation usage, as condoms have
the infection. Most people who become reduce the Langerhans cell- been shown to protect
infected with HPV will not have symptoms mediated immune response against HPV infection,
and will clear the infection on their and suppress natural killer which causes genital
 own. For people who do develop genital cell activity. warts.
warts, there are many options for  Condom usage can also
treatment, all of which are meant to prevent the transmission
remove the visible warts. There is no cure of other communicable
for genital warts. diseases, as well.
MERS COV MERS is caused by a coronavirus (COV),  If your patient exhibits fever  Infection related to failure to  Prevent the spread of  Infection control is the
a group of viruses that are responsible for and symptoms of respiratory avoid pathogen secondary to infection. prevention of the spread
illnesses ranging from the common cold to illness, assess if he or she exposure to MERS-COV.  Learn more about the of infection.
severe acute respiratory syndrome has traveled to a country in or  Deficient knowledge related to disease and its  Learned about the
(SARS). The origin of the virus is unknown near the Arabian Peninsula unfamiliarity with disease management. disease and how to
but is suspected to have come from an within 14 days of symptoms transmission information.  Reduce increase in manage it. Temperature
animal source. MERS-COV is thought to onset.  Hyperthermia related to increase temperature. levels are being reduced.
spread from an infected person’s  Has been in contact with in metabolic rate.  Provide a patent airway.  Obtaining a patent
respiratory secretions, such as through someone who has traveled to  Ineffective airway clearance  Reduce anxiety. airway;
coughing. The incubation period for MERS the Arabian Peninsula within related to excessive production of  Anxiety is reduced.
(time from exposure to MERS-COV to 14 days of symptoms onset. pulmonary secretions.
symptoms) is typically five to six days but  A history of being in a  Anxiety related to unknown
can range from two to 14 days. There are healthcare facility (as a etiology of the disease.
no specific treatments for patients aside patient, worker or visitor) in
from supportive therapy to relieve the the Republic of Korea within
symptoms. Patients with mild to no 14 days of symptom onset.
symptoms have made a full recovery.  Has been in close contact
with a confirmed MERS
patient while the patient was
ill.
 MERS is a reportable disease
and local health departments
should be notified of any
suspected MERS cases.
 Strict infection-control
measures should be used
while managing suspected
and confirmed cases of
MERS, including hand
hygiene; contact, droplet and
airborne precautions along
with full personal protective
equipment – gown, gloves,
mask and eye protection
(goggles or face shield).
MERS patients should be
placed in a negative pressure
room.
H1N1 H1N1 influenza, referred to as swine flu, is  Isolate the patient  Fever  Routine investigations Preventing swine flu in pigs:
a highly contagious respiratory disease in  Wear mask and gloves  Cough should be performed for The most important methods
pigs caused by one of several swine  Encourage patient to cough  Muscle aches the patient who presents for preventing swine flu in pigs
influenza A viruses. Transmission of swine and sneeze into a tissue  Sore throat with these symptoms. are facility management (using
influenza viruses to humans is uncommon. disinfectants and regulated
 However, the swine influenza virus can be  Encourage fluids  No appetite  These usually include temperature to control viruses
transmitted to humans via contact with  Provide oxygenation  Chills hematological, in the environment), herd
infected pigs or environments  Administer antiviral  Malaise microbiological, management (not adding pigs
contaminated with swine influenza viruses. medications  Headache biochemical and potentially carrying influenza to
 Encourage hand washing  Vomiting radiologic tests. herds that have not yet been
 Listen to the chest for rales,  A respiratory sample exposed to the virus), and
crackles, wheezing (simple nose or throat vaccination. Because
 Assess for respiratory swab) is required for a secondary infection by other
distress confirmed diagnosis of pathogens accounts for much
swine flu. of the morbidity and mortality
 Use alcohol-based hand gels
 The routine tests done to associated with swine flu,
for hand rinsing
detect human influenza vaccination-only strategies
 Encourage patient to wear a
viruses, including the may be insufficient.
mask
rapid test kits, do not
always detect zoonotic
viruses.
ALLERGY/HYPERSENSITIVITY An allergy is an immune system response  Related factors for individual  Risk of an exaggerated immune  Perform challenge or  Be free of signs of
to a foreign substance that’s not typically clients. response or reaction to patch test, if appropriate, hypersensitive response
harmful to your body. These foreign  Breath sounds, presence and substances to identify specific  Verbalize understanding
substances are called allergens. They can character of secretions, use allergens in a client with of individual risks and
include certain foods, pollen, or pet dander. of accessory muscles for known type IV responsibilities in
Your immune system’s job is to keep you breathing. hypersensitivity. avoiding exposure
healthy by fighting harmful pathogens. It  Character of cough and  Ascertain type of allergy  Identify signs/symptoms
does this by attacking anything it thinks sputum. and usual symptoms if requiring prompt
could put your body in danger. Depending  Respiratory rate, pulse client reports history of response
on the allergen, this response may involve oximetry/O2 saturation, vital allergies
inflammation, sneezing, or a host of other signs.  Obtain a written list of
symptoms. Your immune system normally drug allergies upon first
adjusts to your environment. For example, contact with client
when your body encounters something like
pet dander, it should realize it’s harmless.
In people with dander allergies, the
immune system perceives it as an outside
invader threatening the body and attacks it.
Allergies are common. Several treatments
can help you avoid your symptoms.

TRANSPLANT REJECTION Transplant rejection occurs when  The doctor will examine the  The organ's function may start to  ABO blood  The transplanted organ or
transplanted tissue is rejected by the area over and around the decrease typing and HLA (tissue tissue works properly,
recipient's immune system, which destroys transplanted organ. Signs  General discomfort, uneasiness, antigen) typing before a and to suppress your
the transplanted tissue. Transplant that the organ is not working or ill feeling transplant helps ensure immune system
rejection can be lessened by determining properly include:  Pain or swelling in the area of the a close match. response. Suppressing
the molecular similitude between donor organ (rare)  You will likely need to the immune response
and recipient and by use of  High blood sugar (pancreas  Fever (rare) take medicine to may prevent transplant
immunosuppressant drugs after transplant. transplant)  Flu-like symptoms, including suppress your immune rejection.
 Less urine released (kidney chills, body aches, nausea, system for the rest of  Medicines will likely be
transplant) cough, and shortness of breath your life to prevent the used to suppress the
 Shortness of breath and less tissue from being immune response.
ability to exercise (heart rejected. Dosage and choice of
transplant or lung transplant)  Being careful about medicines depends on
 Yellow skin color and easy taking your post- your condition. The
bleeding (liver transplant) transplant medicines and dosage may be very high
being closely watched by while the tissue is being
 A biopsy of the transplanted your doctor may help rejected. After you no
organ can confirm that it is prevent rejection. longer have signs of
being rejected. rejection, the dosage will
likely be lowered.
 A routine biopsy is often
performed periodically to
detect rejection early, before
symptoms develop.
 When organ rejection is
suspected, one or more of
the following tests may be
done before the organ
biopsy:

 Abdominal CT scan
 Chest x-ray
 Heart echocardiography
 Kidney arteriography
 Kidney ultrasound
 Lab tests of kidney or liver
function