PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE LECTURE SERIES

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 LECTURE 4

MODULE 1 – PART 4

TOPIC COVERED :- TYPES OF PRACTICE, ARCHITECTURAL OFFICE STRUCTURE , ARCHITECTURAL OFFICE

MANAGEMENT, GOVT TAX & ACT WITH RESPECT TO PROFESSION.

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 ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

PROPRIETARY PARTNERSHIP PRIVATE LTD ARCHITECT AS

TYPES

FIRM FREELANCING
CONCERN COMPANY BUILDER/
DEVELOPER

SIZE OF
OWNERSHIP

OWNERSHIP IS PARTNERSHIP NOT TYPE OF NOT A MODE OF

INDIVIDUAL
SHARED BY TWO INCREASES / ORGANISATION, PRACTICE/ NOT
OWNERSHIP
OR MORE LIMITED BY SHARES DOES NOT HAVE CLASSIFIED BY
PARTNERS OR BY GUARANTEE, A OFFICE/ BOSS/ THE PROFESSION
OWNED BY EMPLOYER
SHAREHOLDERS.
INVESTMENT OF CAPITAL

Individuals are Indian partnership act If non architect No rules and regulation
responsible for 1932 governs the activity members in the firm, of capital investments in Professional bodies
capital investments of partners and also profit company will be this practice. The large don't recognize or allow
as well as decision are shared as per the registered as business scope of freedom and or encourage such
making. profit agreement. all partners in firm with registrar of creativity is involved. practice and prohibit it.
&loss are handled the firm should be COA companies as per Risk involved include a There is great need of
by individuals registered. The investment companies act 1956. high level of expertise, capital, management
capital is done by partners. One man show skill, machinery etc.

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 SHOULD ARCHITECT BE ALLOWED TO PRACTICE AS BUILDER / DEVELOPER?

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 ARCHITECTURAL OFFICE ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
PRINCIPAL ARCHITECT / CHIEF DIRECTOR OFFICE ADMINISTRATION

STRUCTURAL / DESIGN TEAM/ GENERAL HUMAN

SURVEY / FINANCE
TEAM

DRAWING OFFICE ADMINISTRATION RESOURCE

ENGINEERING TEAM MANAGEMENT

• Preparing the • Development of concept • Day today running of • To hire right

• Deals with income
structural drawings • Municipal drawing & office and expenditure
employees & motivate
• land survey & working drawing • Issues general apart from savings
them by providing the
FUNCTION

quantity survey • Details & presentation communication • Manage the income

required ambience to
• Estimation drawings memos within office & tax, professional tax,
get best output
• Creating tenders • Views & interior with outsiders • Conducts interviews
sale tax & petty cash
and contracts drawings • Maintaining for employees and
• Additional
• Bill checking and • Coordination with attendance register, expenditure
trainees for
item verification consultants leave records etc. promotions and entry

Structural engineer Senior architect Clerk cum typists

Project architect Stenographers
POSTS

Quantity surveyor Chartered accountant HR manager

Civil engineer Junior architects Book keepers Finance manager Public relation officer
Draftsman Interns Office boy Clerks Clerks
Site engineer Draftsman Cleaning staffs

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 RECOGNIZE THE ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF YOUR INTERNSHIP OFFICE?

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 ARCHITECTURAL OFFICE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE : ALBERT KAHN ASSOCIATES, DETROIT

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 ARCHITECTURAL OFFICE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE : RDC ARCHITECTS, SRI LANKA

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 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
• An organizational structure defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision
are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims.
• It is simply the pattern or network of division of the roles and responsibilities.
• It explains which person has to perform which task. The structure depicts the hierarchy in which members
of an organization rank themselves.

THE TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

CENTRALIZATION SPECIALIZATION FORMALIZATION

refers to the extent to which refers to the extent to which organizational Indicates the extent to which the rights and
decision making power is tasks are divided into subtasks and people duties of the members of the organization are
concentrated in top management are allocated to execute only one of these determined and the extent to which these are
level of the organization subjects. written down in rules, procedures, and
instructions.
High level specialization exists when each
person performs only a limited number of Its not limited to fixing what ones task are and
tasks, while low-level specialization imply how they should be done, but can be broader,
that people perform a range of different and prescribing all kinds of behaviour in the
frequently changing tasks. organization such as dress code, working hours,
smoking regulations, use of office equipment etc.

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 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Simplicity
Flexibility
CHARACTERISTICS OF A EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN Economy
Acceptability

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 ARCHITECTURAL OFFICE MANAGEMENT
ARCHITECTURAL MANAGEMENT

OFFICE MANAGEMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT

office management provides an overall framework within which Project management focuses on timescales, developing a design
individual projects are commissioned, designed and completed. from initial concept to working drawings, and managing the
construction process
Both parts have the same objectives but are typically addressed
by separate management systems.

Importance of office management

Initiation
It involves the allocation and financing of resources, principally
premised, trained staff and computer systems and on
establishing and charging appropriate fees for the services Planning and design
rendered

Construction
• Helps in achievement of targets
• Optimum use of resources
• Minimization of costs Monitoring and controlling
• Smooth flow of work
• Helps in maintaining office efficiency Completion or closing
• Provides innovation & leadership
• Helps in retaining talent and inculcating sense of loyalty in staff

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 ARCHITECTURAL OFFICE - FINANCE MANAGEMENT

WHAT IS INCOME TAX?

Gross income – expenditure = net income, the central government tax on the net income of individual or company

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 ARCHITECTURAL OFFICE - SETTING UP ARCHITECTS OFFICE FINANCE MANAGEMENT

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 ACTS TO BE FOLLOWED BY ARCHITECTS IN PRACTICE

1. INDIAN INCOME TAX ACT 1961 :-The central gov. tax on the net income of individual or company
2. STATE AND COMMERICAL ESTABLISHMENT ACT :- state act which specific the nature of
commercial activity and size of establishment
3. PROFESSIONAL TAX :- state tax on salaried individual
4. SERVICE TAX:- central tax on different types of services provided
5. GST:- 18% GST would be applicable on all architectural and engineering services rendered in India. GST
exemption list for services has been published by the Government.
6. PROVIDENT FUND AND FAMILY PENSION ACT 1952
7. INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ACT 1947 :- if the office has more than 10 employees
8. PAYMENT OF GRATITUDE ACT : Person who have completed 5 years of service in the company is
eligible for gratuity at his time of termination.
9. PAYMENT OF BONUS ACT 1965 : applicable to an establishment where 20 or more are employed.
10. LAB0URS LAW RELATING TO WOMEN AND CHILDREN

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 THANK YOU

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