COMPANA LABORATORY EXERCISE (REPORT) 3

SKELETAL MUSCLES OF THE CAT

Student's Name:KLARYZ DAGDAG Date Performed: Oct. 27, 2022

JEFFERSON SHI Date Submitted: Nov. 17 , 2022
Course/Year/Section:BSABIO/YR2/N01A
Instructor's Name:DR. GLICERIA RAMOS

I. Instructions:
(1) Cut and Paste only 1-2 actual images of each section of the dissected cat.
(2) Label the muscles corresponding to the number as enumerated in each section of the cat.
(3) Briefly describe each muscle.
(4) Properly cite the sources of your images and other information.

A. ABDOMINAL MUSCLES

Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-oneonta-comparativeanatomy/chapter/cat/

1. external oblique Origin: Posterior ribs and lumbodorsal fascia

Insertion: Linea alba
Action: Constricts the abdomen

(Cat Muscles 1, n.d.)

2. internal oblique Origin: Pelvis and Lumbar fascia
Insertion: Linea alba
Action: Compress the abdomen
 (Cat Muscles 1, n.d.)
3. rectus abdominis Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Sternum
Action: Retracts the ribs and sternum and compresses the abdomen

(Cat Muscles 1, n.d.)

B. CHEST MUSCLES

Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-oneonta-comparativeanatomy/chapter/cat/

1. pectoantebrachialis Origin: Manubrium

Insertion: Anterior end of the sternum to the fascia at the proximal
end of the antebrachium
Action: Allows arm to be drawn towards the chest

(Cat Muscles 4, n.d.)

2. pectoralis major & minor Origin: Sternum
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Flexes the arm and allows the rotation of arm medially
towards the chest

(Cat Muscles 4, n.d.)

3. xiphihumeralis Origin: Xiphoid process
Insertion: Proximal end of the humerus
Action: Draws the arm toward the chest

(Cat Muscles 4, n.d.)

C. NECK AND THROAT MUSCLES

Source: https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/1169/Cat%20%20Muscles.pdf
 Source: https://personal.psu.edu/dys100/cat/Show/headneck.htm

1. sternomastoid Origin: Sternum

Insertion: Mastoid
Action: Allows head to turn

2. sternohyoid Origin: Sternum

Insertion: Basihyoid
Action: Draws the hyoid posteriorly

3. clavotrapezius Origin: Nuchal line

Insertion: Clavicle
Action: Allows elevation and adduction of the scapula

4. clavobrachialis Origin: Clavicle

Insertion: Humerus
Action: Allows the flexing of forearm

5. masseter Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Mandible
Action: Able for the lower jaw to close

6. digastric Origin: Occipital bone

Insertion: Mandible
Action: Allows the jaw to open

7. mylohyoid Origin: Mandible

Insertion: Median raphe
Action: Brings the hyoid forward and raises the floor of the mouth
 D. EPAXIAL MUSCLES

1. multifidous spinae Origin: Lumbar pleurapophyses

Insertion: Neural spine of the vertebra
Action: Extends vertebral column

2. sacrospinalis Origin: Posterior Sacral, Lumbar, Thoracic, & Cervical Vertebra

Insertion: Neural processes of Anterior vertebrae
Action: Extends & flexes vertebral column

3. semispinalis Origin: Posterior Sacral, Lumbar, Thoracic, & Cervical Vertebra

Insertion: Neural processes of Anterior vertebrae
Action: Extends & flexes vertebral column

4. Longissimus dorsi Origin: Posterior Sacral, Lumbar, Thoracic, & Cervical Vertebra
Insertion: Neural processes of Anterior vertebrae
Action: Extends & flexes vertebral column
5. iliocostalis Origin: Separate muscle bundles of lower Thoracic Vertebra
Insertion: Lateral surface of more anterior ribs
Action: Extends & flexes vertebral column
E. UPPER BACK AND SHOULDER, AND BACK OF THE NECK MUSCLES
 Source: Swislosky, E. (2022). Lateral view of the external cat neck and back muscles. lumen.
Retrieved May 17, 2022, from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-oneonta-comparativeanatomy/chapter/cat/.

1. latissimus dorsi Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia

Insertion: Humerus
Action: Draw limb caudally; Flexes shoulder joint

(Cat Muscles 5, n.d.)

2. spinotrapezius Origin: Thoracic Vertebra
Insertion: Scapular fascia
Action: Draws scapula dorsdad & caudad

(Cat Muscles 5, n.d.)

3. acromiotrapezius Origin: Cervical-Thoracic Vertebra
Insertion: Metacromion-scapular spine
Action: Holds & adducts vertebral border of the two scapulae
together

(Cat Muscles 5, n.d.)

4. clavotrapezius Origin: Nuchal line
Insertion: Clavicle
Action: Draws clavicle dorsad & craniad

(Cat Muscles 5, n.d.)

5. levator scapulae ventralis Origin: Transverse process of atlas & Occipital bone
Insertion: Metacromion process
 Action: Draws scapula craniad; Rotates scapula

(Cat Muscles 5, n.d.)

6. rhomboideus (– capitis) Origin: Nuchal line
Insertion: Scapula
Action: Draws scapula craniad; Rotates scapula

7. splenius Origin: Neck fascia

Insertion: Nuchal line
Action: Raises or turns the head

8. supraspinatus Origin: Supraspinatus fossa

Insertion: Humerus
Action: Brace the shoulder; Extends humerus

9. acromiodeltoid Origin: Acromion

Insertion: Humerus
Action: Raises & rotates the humerus

(Cat Muscles 5, n.d.)

10. spinodeltoid Origin: Spine of scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Rotates & raises the humerus

(Cat Muscles 5, n.d.)

11. infraspinatus Origin: Infraspinatus fossa
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Rotates the humerus

12. teres major Origin: Scapula

Insertion: Humerus
Action: Rotates & lowers the humerus

13. subscapularis Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Humerus
Action: Pulls the humerus medially

14. serratus ventralis Origin: Ribs

Insertion: Scapula
Action: Draws scapula craniad, ventrad, & against Thoracic wall
 F. UPPER ARM MUSCLES

Source: Major muscles of the forelimb in cat, left side. (2016). slideshare. Retrieved May 17, 2022,
from https://www.slideshare.net/roblmcca13/cat-dissection-lablabeledimages.

1. triceps brachii Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Forearm extension
2. epitrochlearis Origin: Latissimus dorsi
Insertion: Olecranon
Action: Rotates the ulna
3. biceps brachii Origin: Glenoid fossa
Insertion: Radius
Action: Forearm flexor
4. brachialis Origin: Lateral surface of humerus
Insertion: Ulna
Action: Forearm flexor

G. FOREARM MUSCLES
 Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-oneonta-comparativeanatomy/chapter/cat/

1. brachioradialis Origin: Middle of Humerus

Insertion: Lower end of radius and adjacent ligaments
Action: Allows rotation of hand to supine position

(Cat Muscles 15, n.d.)

2. extensor carpi radialis Origin: Humerus
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd Metacarpals
Action: Extension of hand

(Cat Muscles 15, n.d.)

3. pronator teres Origin: Medial epicondyle of the Humerus
Insertion: Radius
Action: Rotation of the radius to a prone position

(Cat Muscles 15, n.d.)

4. flexor carpi radialis Origin: Medial epicondyle of the Humerus
Insertion: 2nd Metacarpal
Action: Flexion of the 2nd and 3rd Metacarpals

(Cat Muscles 15, n.d.)

5. palmaris longus Origin: Medial epicondyle of the Humerus
Insertion: Tendons passing through wrist ligaments
Action: Flexor of digits

(Cat Muscles 15, n.d.)

H. THIGH MUSCLES

Source:https://personal.psu.edu/dys100/cat/Show/hindleg.htm
1. biceps femoris Origin: Ischium
Insertion: Proximal third and patella of tibia
Action: Allows flexing of the leg and abducts the thigh

(Cat Muscles 6, n.d.)

2. caudofemoralis Origin: Caudal vertebrae
Insertion: Patella
Action: Allows extension of the leg and abducts the thigh

(Cat Muscles 6, n.d.)

3. gluteus maximus Origin: Sacrum
Insertion: Fascia lata
Action: Allows abduction of thighs

(Cat Muscles 6, n.d.)

4. gluteus medius Origin: Ilium and Sacrum
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
Action: Allows abduction of thighs and ables it to rotate laterally

(Cat Muscles 6, n.d.)

5. sartorius Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Patella and Tibia
Action: Allows abduction and rotation of the femur and the extension
of leg

(Cat Muscles 6, n.d.)

6. quadriceps femoris Origin: Greater trochanter and surface of femur
Insertion: Patella to Tibial tuberosity
Action: Allows extension of leg

7. gracilis Origin: Pubis

Insertion: Tibia
Action: Allows flexion and abduction of the leg

(Cat Muscles 7, n.d.)

8. adductor femoris Origin: Pubis and Ischia
Insertion: Aponeurosis that pass Tibia
Action: Allows adduction of leg

(Cat Muscles 7, n.d.)

9. semimembranosus Origin: Ischium
Insertion: Femur and Tibia
Action: Allows flexing of the leg and extends the thigh
 (Cat Muscles 8, n.d.)
10. semitendinosus Origin: Transverse process of caudal vertebrae
Insertion: Fascia of shank
Action: Allows flexing of the leg and extends the thigh

(Cat Muscles 8, n.d.)

 I. SHANK MUSCLES

1. gastrocnemius Origin: Femur

Insertion: Calcaneum
Action: Extensor of foot

(Cat Muscles 10, n.d.)

2. plantaris Origin: Patella & Femur
Insertion: Calcaneus
Action: Flexor of digits

(Cat Muscles 10, n.d.)

3. flexor digitorum longus Origin: Tibia, Fibula, Adjacent fascia
Insertion: Phalanges
Action: Flexor of digits

(Cat Muscles 10, n.d.)

4. tibialis anterior Origin: Tibia & Fibula
Insertion: Scaphoid & Medial cuneiform of ankle
Action: Extensor of foot

(Cat Muscles 10, n.d.)

II. Guide Questions:

a. Fascia
The fascia is a Sheet-like connective tissue that is very dense and associated in various ways
with muscles in the body

b. Aponeuroses
The aponeuroses are sheet-like elastic tendon structures in the body that act as insertion sites for
muscle fibers. The locations with the thickest aponeuroses are the ventral abdominal area, the
dorsal lumbar area, and the palmar and plantar areas.

c. Tendon
It is a dense connective tissue that connects muscles to skeletal elements of the body

d. Platysma
It is a wide, thin sheet-like muscle that rests superficially on the anterolateral side of the neck on
both sides

e. Muscle Origin
It is the attachment of a skeletal muscle in a bone where it remains immobile for an action

f. Muscle Insertion
It is the attachment of a skeletal muscle in a bone where it moves during an action.

g. Agonist
It is one muscle in the antagonist muscle pair that does the contracting It essentially is a muscle
that contracts to move the body part. For example, the iliopsoas is the agonist or principal
mover for flexing the hips.

h. Antagonist
It is one muscle in the antagonist muscle pair that does the relaxing or lengthening. It essentially
is a muscle that contracts to return the body part to its original position.

i. Synergist
These are muscles that work together to create a movement in the body. The term synergy is
derived from the Ancient Greek sun "together" and ergon "labor" . When one item amplifies the
influence of another, there is synergy between them. For example, the anterior fibers of gluteus
minimus and gluteus medius may aid with hip flexion.

j. Abductor
These are muscles that create movement away from the body’s midline. The term "abductor" is
derived from the Latin prefix "ab-," which means "away from," and the verb "ducere," which
means "to pull or lead". Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae are the major
hip abductor muscles.
k. Adductor
adductor muscles are a group of muscles that move a section of the body toward its midline or
the axis of an extremity. The adductor longus and adductor femoris are the two main muscles in
this group. these ligamentous muscles originate from the pubic boneand ischium and are
interconnected with the femur. Their primary function is to help with thigh adduction by
squeezing the thighs together. In addition, they conjointly assist with thigh rotation and flexion.

l. Supinator
The supinator is a spiral muscle found in the posterior segment of the forelimb, together with
the brachioradialis, the superficial and deep forelimb extensors. Radius and ulna are joined by
an arch formed by the supinator muscle of the forearm. The muscle traverses the forelimb's
sagittal axis in this manner. This unique anatomical arrangement of the supinator made the
forearm supination possible

m. Pronator
Pronator is any muscle whose contractions induce or influence pronation. In pronation, the
limbs locomote toward the outside of the body's plane.

n. Levator
A levator muscle is any muscle responsible for raising a bodily component. The term "levator"
is derived from the Latin word "levatus," meaning "to raise" or "to lighten."

o. Depressor
The depressor muscle is responsible for pulling a portion of the body downward. It originates
from the Latin word "depremere," which may be translated as "press or move downward" or
"push down physically." The lateral pterygoid muscle is an example of one of these muscles.
2. Give 2 examples of Antagonistic muscles.

Agonist Muscles Antagonist Muscles Associated Movement

(1) Muscle: Biceps brachii Muscle: Triceps brachii Agonist: Flexion of the forearm
Position: Anterior of the Position: Posterior of the caused by the biceps brachii
humerus humerus
Antagonist:
Relaxation/extension of the
triceps brachii

(2) Muscle: Combination of Muscle: Extensor digitorum Agonist: Flexion of the paws is
the flexor carpi radialis and Position: Posterior portion of due to the conjunction of the
the flexor digitorum the forearm flexor carpi radialis and flexor
profundus digitorum profundus
Position: Anterior portion of
the forearm Antagonist: Extension of paws
with the aid of extensor
digitorum

3. Give 2 examples of Synergistic muscles.

We use the term synergist to refer to the muscles that work together to create movement. An
example of a synergistic muscle are the sartorius and rectus femoris, they help flex the hips and
knees. Another example is the connection of the internal oblique and rectus abdominis muscles.
These muscles help flex and flex the trunk, pressing down on the lower ribs to facilitate forced
exhalation and maintaining intra-abdominal pressure during bowel movements, urination and
childbirth.
 4. Enumerate the different criteria considered in naming muscles. Give examples of muscles.

The criteria needed in naming muscles are the following: location, shape, size, length, number of muscle
groups, muscle fiber direction, and motion (Lang, 2022).

In terms of location, some muscles are named based on their anatomical location. For instance, the frontal
bone located on the head has a muscle on its surface called the frontalis. (11.3 Explain the Criteria Used to
Name Skeletal Muscles – Anatomy & Physiology, n.d.).

In terms of muscle fiber direction, prefixes such as rectus, oblique and transverse can be added in order to
specify straight, at an angle, or horizontal direction respectively (11.3 Explain the Criteria Used to Name
Skeletal Muscles – Anatomy & Physiology, n.d.).

Muscle size can also be used in naming muscles. For instance, large muscles use the suffix Maximus. This can
be observed in the names of muscles like gluteus maximus (11.3 Explain the Criteria Used to Name Skeletal
Muscles – Anatomy & Physiology, n.d.)

A number of muscles can also be used in naming. A good example of this is the biceps and triceps. From the
word itself, bi- in biceps means that there are two muscle groups while tri- in triceps means that there are
three muscle groups. (11.3 Explain the Criteria Used to Name Skeletal Muscles – Anatomy & Physiology, n.d.)

Muscle action is another criterion in naming. Words such as flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors can
be added to indicate a decrease in angle, increase in angle, moving the bone away from the midline, and
moving the bone towards the midline, respectively. (11.3 Explain the Criteria Used to Name Skeletal Muscles
– Anatomy & Physiology, n.d.)

The shape can be used to name a muscle. An example of this is deltoid. The deltoid is named after the Latin
word delta which means a triangle. The reason behind this naming is that the shape of the deltoid muscle
resembles a triangle
 5. Enumerate the Skeletal Muscles of the Cat and give their Origin, Insertion, and Action. Tabulate
your answer.

Abdominal Muscles Origin Insertion Action

External oblique Lumbodorsal fascia and Pubis and Extensive Flexes the trunk and
posterior ribs neurosis which passes to constrict the abdominal
the linea alba viscera

Internal oblique 2nd sheet of Linea alba by the Flexes the trunk and
lumbodorsal fascia and extensive aponeurosis compresses the
border of pelvic girdle abdominal viscera

Transversus Abdominis 2nd sheet of lumbodorsal Linea alba by the Compresses and supports
fascia and border of extensive aponeurosis the abdominal viscera
pelvic girdle

Rectus abdominis Anterior end of the Sternum and costal Compresses and supports
pubic symphysis cartilages the abdominal viscera

Retracts of ribs and

sternum

Chest Muscles Origin Insertion Action

Pectoantibrachialis Manubrium of sternum By a flat tendon on the Moves arm toward the
fascia of the forearm; chest

Pectoralis major Sternum or the median By the humerus Moves arm toward the
ventral raphe chest

Pectoralis minor Sternum By the humerus Moves arm toward the

chest

Xiphihumeralis Xiphoid process of the By the humerus Moves arm toward the
sternum chest

Neck and Throat Origin Insertion Action

Muscles

Clavobrachialis Clavicle and fibers of Ulna Flexes the forearm

clavotrapezius

Clavotrapezius Skull Clavicle Move clavicle dorsad

and craniad
 Cleidomastoid Clavicle interchangeable Mastoid process of Tilts the head
to mastoid process of temporal interchangeable
temporal to clavicle Lower head position on
the neck

Pulls clavicle craniad

Digastric Mastoid process of the Mandible Pulls down the lower jaw
skull and Jugular

Geniohyoid Mandible near the Body of the hyoid Bring the hyoid forward
symphysis

Masseter Zygomatic arch Posterior half of the Elevates the lower jaw
lateral surface of the
mandible

Mylohyoid Mandible Median raphe Draws the hyoid forward

Raises the floor of the

mouth

Sternohyoid 1st costal cartilage & basihyoid Moves the hyoid

extends in the median posteriorly
ventral raphe

Sternomastoid Manubrium of the Inserted to the skull from Tilts the head
sternum & Median raphe the lambdoidal ridge
onto the mastoid process Pulls down the head on
the neck

Sternothyroid Sternum posterolateral surface of Pulls the larynx

the thyroid cartilage of posteriorly
larynx

Temporal Side of the skull Coronoid process of the Move the mandible
(superior nuchal line to mandible forward, backward, and
the zygomatic process of laterally.
the frontal bone &
from part of the
zygomatic arch)

Thyrohyoid Thyroid cartilage Posterior horn of the Pulls down the hyoid
hyoid bone

Raises the larynx

Upper Back, Shoulder, Origin Insertion Action

and Back of the Neck
Muscles

Acromiodeltoid Acromion process Lateral surface of Raises and rotates the

spinodeltoid muscle humerus
 Acromoitrapezius 1st thoracic vertebrae, Fascia of the scapula Draws scapula dorsad
Neural spines of cervical and holds the two
scapulae together

Clavotrapezius Median dorsal line of the Clavicle Draws the clavicle

neck and superior nuchal dorsad and craniad.
line

External Intercostals Ribs By Ribs Draws the ribs forward

Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa of the Greater tuberosity of the Rotates the humerus
scapula humerus

Internal Intercostals Ribs By Ribs Draws the ribs backward

Latissimus Dorsi Lumbodorsal fascia; By a tendon on the Pulls the forelimb

neural spines of the last medial surface of the dorsally and caudally
thoracic vertebra & humerus
the most lumbar
vertebra

Levator Scapulae Occipital bone & the Metacromion process Draws scapula cranial
Ventralis transverse process of the and neighboring fascia
atlas

Rhomboideus Adjacent ligaments & Vertebral border of the Draws the scapula
neural spines of the scapula dorsad
vertebrae

Rhomboideus Capitis Superior nuchal line Scapula Draws the scapula

craniad and rotates it.

Scalenes Ribs Transverse processes of Draw the ribs forward

the cervical vertebrae and bend the neck

Serratus Aponeurosis from the Inserted by the slips of Draw the ribs forward
Dorsalis median dorsal line the last ribs

Serratus By the slips from the 1st Scapula near the Draws the scapula
Ventralis 10 ribs and the anterior vertebral border craniad, ventrad, and
part from the transverse against the thoracic wall
process of the last 5
cervical vertebrae

Spinodeltoid Spine of the scapula Ridge (deltoid ridge) of Raises and rotates the
the humerus humerus

Spinotrapezius Spines of the thoracic Fascia of the scapula Draws the scapula
vertebrae dorsad and caudad.

Splenius Originates from the Superior nuchal line Raises or turns the head
middorsal line & fascia

Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Lesser tuberosity of the Pulls the humerus

 humerus medially

Supraspinatus Entire surface of the Greater tuberosity of the Extends the humerus
supraspinous fossa humerus,

Teres Major Axillary border of the Medial surface of the Rotates the humerus and
scapula & fascia of humerus lowers it
neighboring muscles

Teres Minor Axillary border of the Greater tuberosity of the Assists the infraspinatus
scapula humerus

Epaxial Muscles Origin Insertion Action

Iliocostalis Lateral surface of ribs Lateral surface of more Extends (backward

anterior ribs bending), flexes laterally
(side bending), and
rotates the head, neck,
and vertebral column.

Longissimus Dorsi medial division: sacral medial division: more Extends the vertebral
and caudal vertebrae anterior lumbar, sacral, column
and caudal
lateral division: ilium
and deep layer of lateral division: more
thoracolumbar fascia anterior lumbar and
thoracic vertebrae

Multifidus Spinae Originates from Neural processes of Extends the vertebral

numerous parts of more more anterior vertebrae column
posterior sacral, lumbar,
thoracic, and cervical
vertebrae

Sacrospinalis It is divisible anteriorly into three distinct longitudinal parts which are the
following: semispinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis.

Semispinalis Dorsi Last four thoracic Thoraco-cervical Extends the vertebral

vertebrae vertebrae column

Upper Arm Muscles Origin Insertion Action

Biceps Brachii Glenoid Fossa Radius Flexes the forearm

Brachialis Humerus Ulna Flexes the forearm

Epitrochlearis Latissimus dorsi Olecranon process Extends the forearm, and

rotates the ulna.

Triceps Brachii Differs depending on the All heads insert in the Extends the forearm
head of the triceps olecranon process
brachii

Lateral head: greater

 tuberosity of the
humerus

Medial head: dorsal

surface of the humerus

Long head: axillary

border of scapula

Long Head Axillary border of Olecranon process Extends the forearm

scapula

Lateral Head Greater tuberosity of Olecranon process Extends the forearm

humerus

Medial Head humerus Olecranon process Extends the forearm

Small 4th Part Distal end of the Lateral surface of the Strengthens the elbow
(Triangular Muscle at humerus ulna joint
the Elbow Joint)

Forearm Muscles Origin Insertion Action

Brachioradialis Midshaft of humerus Styloid process of radius Supinates manus

Extensor Carpi Humerus near other Second and third Extends hand
Radialis extensors metacarpals

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Lateral epicondyle of the Proximal end of the fifth Extends fifth digit and
humerus metacarpal ulnar side of the wrist.

Semilunar notch of the

ulna

Extensor Digitorum Lateral surface of Tendons to the digits Extends the digits
Communis humerus higher than the
lateral epicondyle

Extensor Digitorum Lateral surface of A tendon that passes Extends the digits
Lateralis humerus higher than the internal to wrist
lateral epicondyle ligaments & it splits into
either three or four
tendons to the 3 or 4
digits

Flexor Carpi Radialis Medial epicondyle of Second and third Flexes the second and
humerus metacarpals third metacarpals

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Medial epicondyle of the Pisiform bone of the Flexes ulnar side of wrist
humerus wrist through a tendon

Flexor Profundus Ulna and humerus Basal phalanges General flexor of the
 Digitorum fingers.

Palmaris Longus Medial epicondyle of the Flat tendon that passes Flexor of digits
humerus through the wrist
ligaments divides into
four or five tendons of
the 4 to 5 digits.

Pronator Teres Medial epicondyle of the Radius Rotates radius to a prone

humerus position

Thigh Muscles Origin Insertion Action

Adductor Femoris Pubis and ischium Shaft of the femur (linea Adductor of the thigh
aspera)

Adductor Longus Anterior margin of pubis Shaft of femur (linea Adductor of the thigh
aspera)

Biceps Femoris Ischial tuberosity By proximal half of tibia Abductor of the thigh
and broad aponeurosis to and flexor of the shank
patella

Caudofemoralis Dorsal margin of Greater trochanter of Abductor of the thigh

ischium and ilium femur and extensor of the
shank

Gluteus Maximus Posterior sacral and Distal part of greater Abductor of the thigh.
anterior caudal trochanter of femur
vertebrae, and gluteal
fascia

Gluteus Medius Posterior sacral and Proximal part of greater Abductor of the thigh.
anterior caudal trochanter of femur
vertebrae, the
dorsolateral surface of
ilium, and sacral fascia

Gracilis Pubic and ischial Proximomedial surface Adductor of the leg

symphyses of the tibia, crural fascia

Rectus Femoris ventral margin of ilium Lateral surface of patella Extensor of the shank
anterior to acetabulum

Sartorius Anteromedial margin of Patella and the Adductor and rotator of

the ilium and iliac crest proximomedial surface the thigh and extensor of
of tibia the shank

Semimembranosus Posterior margin of the Distomedial surface of Extensor of the thigh.

ilium and ischial femur
tuberosity

Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Proximal end of Flexor of the shank

 calcaneum with the
tendon of the
gastrocnemius muscle

Tensor Fascia Latae Anteroventral surface of Fascia lata and merges Tightens the fascia lata
ilium with the proximal part of
the aponeurosis of biceps
femoris muscle

Tenuissimus Anterior caudal vertebra Crural fascia and tibia May serve as a tension
bone, with the sensor; effectiveness as
aponeurosis of biceps an extensor of thigh or
femoris muscle flexor of crus is probably
minimal

Intermedius Anterior surface of Patella Extensor of the shank

femur

. Vastus Lateralis Dorsolateral surface of Lateral surface of patella Extensor of the shank
the femur and greater
trochanter

Vastus Medialis Shaft of femur medial surface of the Extensor of the shank
patella and patellar
ligament

Shank Muscles Origin Insertion Action

Extensor Digitorum Lateral epicondyle of Tendons to the 4 digits Extensor of the digits
Longus femur of the foot

Flexor Digitorum Tibia Tendons to the 4 digits Flexor of the digits

Longus Fibula of the foot
Fascia

Gastrocnemius Femur Calcaneus Extensor of the foot

Surface fascia
Tendon and fascia of the
Plantaris muscle

Plantaris Patella Calcaneus Flexor of the digits

Femur

Peroneus Muscles Fibula Metatarsals and digits Extensor and flexor of

the foot

Soleus Fibula Calcaneus Extensor of the foot

Tibialis Anterior Proximal parts of Tibia Inserted: through the Flexor of the foot
and Fibula strong tendon to the 1st
metatarsal

Tibialis Posterior Tibia Inserted : through the Extensor of the foot

Fibula scaphoid and medial
 Fascia cuneiform of the ankle

Properly cite your references.

REFERENCES:

Cat Muscles 1. (n.d.). Bioweb.uwlax.edu.

http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Lab-Unit-21/Lab-21-01.html

Cat Muscles 4. (n.d.). Bioweb.uwlax.edu.

http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Lab-Unit-21/Lab-21-04.html
‌
Cat Muscles 5. (n.d.). Bioweb.uwlax.edu.
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Lab-Unit-21/Lab-21-05.html
‌
Cat Muscles 6. (n.d.). Bioweb.uwlax.edu.
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Lab-Unit-21/Lab-21-06.html

‌Cat Muscles 7. (n.d.). Bioweb.uwlax.edu.

http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Lab-Unit-21/Lab-21-07.html
‌
Cat Muscles 8. (n.d.). Bioweb.uwlax.edu.
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Lab-Unit-21/Lab-21-08.html

Cat Muscles 10. (n.d.). Bioweb.uwlax.edu.

http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Lab-Unit-21/Lab-21-10.html

Cat Muscles 15. (n.d.). Bioweb.uwlax.edu.

http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/aplab/Lab-Unit-21/Lab-21-15.html

Hyman, L. H., & Wake, M. H. (1942). Comparative vertebrate anatomy hyman's Comparative
Vertebrate Anatomy Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press.

Lang, D. (2022, April 18). LibGuides: BIO 140 - Human Biology I - Textbook: Chapter 37 -
Naming Skeletal Muscles. LibGuides. Retrieved November 9, 2022, from
https://guides.hostos.cuny.edu/bio140/11-37

11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles – Anatomy & Physiology. (n.d.).
Oregon State University. Retrieved November 9, 2022, from
https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/11-3-explain-the-criteria-used-to-name-ske
letal-muscles/

Muscle Attachments and Actions | Learn Muscle Anatomy . (n.d.). Visible Body. Retrieved November
17, 2022, from https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/muscular/muscle-movements
Vasković, J., MD. (2022, February 28). Supinator muscle. Kenhub. Retrieved May 21, 2022, from
https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/supinator-muscle