Al-Tanzim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam

Vol. 06 No. 01 (2022) : 1-11

Available online at https://ejournal.unuja.ac.id/index.php/al-tanzim/index

Leadership Cadre in Madrasah: Strategies for Finding

The Ideal Leader in Islamic Educational Institutions
Subiyantoro
Educational Management Department, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijogo, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia
Email: [email protected]

DOI: http://doi.org/10.33650/al-tanzim.v6i1.3239
Received: December 2021 Accepted: January 2022 Published: January 2022

Abstract:
This study aims to understand leadership regeneration at Madrasah Aliyah Asy-
Syafi'iyah Kendari to produce ideal leaders for the advancement of the institution.
This study uses a qualitative approach to phenomenology, where the researcher tries
to understand the meaning behind the phenomena that occur in the field. The data
collection technique is done through in-depth interviews, observation, and
documentation. The data analysis was carried out in stages, including data collection,
data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The study results indicate that
regeneration in leadership in madrasas is essential to create ideal leaders and good
governance. The role of regeneration, including the inheritance of good organizational
values, guarantor of organizational sustainability, and learning facilities for new
cadres and prospective leaders of Islamic educational institutions. The cadre refers to
standardization and formalization of the division of labor and specialization, the
hierarchy of authority, professionalization, and written documentation.
Keywords: Leadership, Cadre, Ideal Leader

Abstrak:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami tentang kaderisasi kepemimpinan di
Madrasah Aliyah Asy-Syafi’iyah Kendari guna menghasilkan pemimpin Ideal bagi
kemajuan lembaganya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis
fenomenologi, di mana peneliti berusaha untuk memahami makna dibalik fenomena
yang terjadi di lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan melalui
wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis datanya dilakukan
secara berjenjang, yang dimulai dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data
dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kaderisasi dalam
kepemimpinan di madrasah sangat penting untuk menciptakan pemimpin yang ideal
dan good governance. Peran kaderisasi, diantaranya yaitu pewarisan nilai-nilai
organisasi yang baik, penjamin keberlangsungan organisasi, dan sarana belajar bagi
kader baru, serta calon pemimpin lembaga pendidikan islam. Kaderisasi yang
dilakukan mengacu pada standardisasi dan formalisasi pembagian kerja dan
spesialisasi, hirarki otoritas, profesionalisasi dan dokumentasi tertulis.
Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan, Kaderisasi, Pemimpin Ideal

Al-Tanzim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam

Vol. 06 No. 01 (2022) : 1-11
INTRODUCTION
Leadership in Islamic education management is indispensable in
educational management because every institution or educational institution
needs a leader figure (Lowe et al., 2020). The reason for choosing the title in this
research is to find out the nature of leaders, the types of leaders, and the factors
that influence leadership effectiveness in educational management. In its
activities, the leader has the power to mobilize and influence his subordinates
related to the tasks that must be carried out (Jabbar & Hussin, 2019). When
assigning tasks, the leader must provide a clear voice of direction and guidance
so that subordinates can carry out their duties efficiently and the results
achieved are by the goals that have been set. A good leader is expected to
understand all aspects of leadership behavior and know when a leadership
function is needed (Miroj et al., 2020).
A good leader needs to have three kinds of awareness, namely; First, be
aware of when a leader is needed in certain situations. Second, being aware of
changes and values both within the work unit and the community. Third,
realize the importance of effective leadership to move others to work as
effectively as possible. Although the distributed leadership approach is based
on relational and non-hierarchical goals, it does not fully align with the effort
required to rethink schools as learning ecosystems (Díaz-Gibson et al., 2021).
Díaz-Gibson (2021) states in his research that leadership tends to have a
bias towards positive leadership methodologies and benefits for the
organization and its employees. Although there is some research on the dark
side of leadership practices, such as destructive leadership, negative leadership
in educational administration and leadership is largely marginalized. In
addition, there is little research on how toxic leadership develops and sustains
negative workplace dynamics and the impact of these behaviors on employees
(Snow, 2021).
Leadership through visual practice requires media to see beyond the
icons and recommended approaches; Even when such work may seem
successful, fashionable, and profitable, it requires adapting, taking risks,
making mistakes, being open to new learning, research, and collaboration —
developing and connecting ideas, initiatives, words, and images in new ways.
Reflecting our diverse and changing world (Mendonça, 2021). This study will
study leadership with a suitable method based on the correct mechanism.
A leader in an Islamic educational institution usually does not depend
on competence but depends on his proximity to the top brass of the institution
(Iswandi, Suhaimi, 2017). Empirically, power and authority in selecting and
proposing officials are incorrectly and unconstitutionally. There is a proverb
that whoever has good access to influential leaders who sit in specific
organizations will also have good luck in their positions. The process of
regeneration, the appointment of leadership, and transfer of positions are
suspected of Collusion, Corruption, and Nepotism practices and have political
nuances. Usually, the decision cannot be separated from the various interests
between the appointed and appointed person. This will ignore the abilities,
skills, performance, and discipline required by a particular position. Various

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considerations were made, not all of which were considered in determining
structural officials.
Mutation of office is indeed the prerogative of an official within the
scope of an Islamic educational institution. However, they still need input and
coordination with related parties and involve the agency to consider positions
and ranks in it. Thus, the transferor placement of a person in a particular
position can be done more objectively. In addition to sufficient administrative
requirements, the ability and track record of officials who will be placed in
specific positions also need to be considered. This means that placing a person
in a particular position and fulfilling administrative requirements also
considers the relevant track record. Various problems occur in the less than
optimal function. Gallagher (2021) research explains that new ways of
leadership at work in educational policy and practice are being forged in these
and other divided societies. Indeed, education and educational leadership are
often promoted as having the ability to develop collaborative work within and
across schools, building networks with the potential to heal fractures in
ethnically divided societies.
Suherman (2019) says that a leader is a positive and confident person
who has a vision, mission, and high ethical values, with the ability to convey
ideas and encourage and relate well to others. Leadership will be a critical
success factor in an organization. This is because leadership is the focal point of
significant changes in the organization, leadership becomes an impactful
personality, and leadership is the art of creating organizational conformity and
stability. The leader considers the behavior of the subordinates to make
decisions. Theory X and Y represent the behavior of antagonistic and
cooperative individuals in organizations. The situational approach is very
appropriate through participatory leadership by understanding different
behaviors. This shows that even if the leader has full authority over
administrative control, it still cannot rule out the role of subordinates
(Faturahman, 2020).
Research in the last three years shows that the leader is the most critical
factor in an organization. The difference between this study and the other three
studies is that this study mentions the mechanism of leadership through
regeneration which is the initial stage in the appointment of a leader in an
Islamic educational institution.
This is different from the leadership system in Madrasah Aliyah (MA)
Asy-Syafi'iyah Kendari, where the leadership system at the madrasa adheres to
the principles of an effective leadership system, were to become a leader,
regeneration is needed so that the leadership process can create a climate and
environment. Conducive organizational culture. The cadreization at MA Asy-
Syafi'iyah is usually carried out based on the level of need, and tests are carried
out to appoint someone as part of the Islamic educational institution. This study
tries to understand leadership regeneration at MA Asy-Syafi'iyah to produce
ideal leaders for the institution's advancement, where leadership at this Islamic
educational institution is free from corrupt practices and collusion and
nepotism and is destructive, as well as toxic.

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RESEARCH METHODS
The approach used in this study is a qualitative research type of
phenomenology, where the researcher tries to understand leadership
regeneration at Madrasah Aliyah Asy-Syafi'iyah Kendari to produce ideal
leaders for the advancement of the institution. The data collection technique
was carried out through in-depth interviews about the institution's regeneration
system, observations on managerial and leadership activities, and
documentation.
In this case, the researcher interviewed ten informants, consisting of the
head of the foundation, the madrasa committee, the head of the madrasa, the
deputy head of the madrasa, and teachers, who were selected purposively.
Observations and documentation were carried out to strengthen the interview
results obtained in the field. Operationally, the data analysis technique was
carried out through several stages as the data analysis technique model
proposed by Miles and Huberman, namely, data collection, data reduction, data
presentation, and drawing conclusions based on reduction, interpellation, and
data presentation carried out at each previous stage in line with the mechanism.
The logic of inductive thinking with specific (specific) things to formulate
conclusions that are general (general).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The leadership system implemented at Madrasah Aliyah Asy-Syafi'iyah
Kendari is understood as a leader's ability to influence other people (people
being led or followers) so that other people behave by what the leader wants
(Soekanto, 2006). This understanding shows that leadership contains the
following elements, namely the person who leads or commonly referred to as
the head of the madrasa, the person being led or called the deputy's head,
teachers, students, and guardians of students, there are activities to move other
people, either by How to influence or direct, there is a goal to be achieved and
takes place in the form of a process within a group or organization. All activities
carried out aim to achieve the vision and mission of the madrasa that have been
set together.
Leadership is defined as influencing others to work voluntarily to
achieve group goals (Imhangbe et al., 2019). Leadership influences others to
achieve common goals (Rehman et al., 2019). Max Weber divides leadership
and authority into three: traditional, rational, and charismatic (Abowitz &
Kathleen, 2019).
From an Islamic perspective, leadership is seen as a group obligation.
Therefore, Islam views the problem of leadership as an effort to maintain the
group's existence, as an organization must also have goals and objectives.
Leadership in Islam is da'wah leadership, where each individual is obliged to
invite (da'wah) to influence others to be on a pattern of luck and bring goodness
(Mukhlis, 2017).

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 What happened at Madrasah Aliyah Asy-Syafi'iyah Kendari in its
leadership system, in this case, is categorized as a leadership system that
follows the Malcolm Baldrige plot, where the leader acts and guides the
performance of educational organizations in self-defense. This criterion directs
how principals pay attention to school performance values and expectations,
focusing on students and stakeholders, learning, empowerment, innovation,
learning, and school direction. This criterion also examines how madrasas pay
attention to their responsibilities to the community and their primary
community supporters (Fauzi, 2021). The central leadership has a vital role in
moving the wheels of the organization in building relationships between
individuals to achieve organizational goals. Education leaders are responsible
for carrying out educational activities (Salim & Hasanah, 2021).
The success of leadership at Madrasah Aliyah Asy-Syafi'iyah Kendari
depends on how the process is in its ability to position itself as a leader who
educates, communicates, develops regular agility, and the ability to set himself
a good example; Someone can be a motivator for their subordinates (Rahman &
Subiyantoro, 2021). According to the AS as the madrasa committee, a good
leader is a leader who constantly improves his ability to guide subordinates
with intelligent methods. Leaders must provide direction for change by the
organization's goals or Islamic educational institution they lead
To create the ideal leader, a cadre of leaders must have the competencies,
skills, and behaviors that all parties expect. As the head of Madrasah Aliyah
Asy-Syafi'iyah Kendari, DA said that to become a leader in this institution, one
must meet the requirements set by the foundation. For example, the tenure of a
person in this institution must be several years, the track record of service is
transparent, has good managerial competence and skills, and many other
requirements are asked by the foundation to lead in this institution. Therefore,
we always cadre future leaders to replace the relay of retiring leaders.
Cadreization, in this case, is understood as a process of forming new
cadres in organizations in madrasas. Cadreization is essential for an
organization because it is the core of continuing the organization's struggle in
the future (Rahmawati, 2016). Without regeneration, it is tough to imagine an
organization can move and carry out its organizational tasks well and
dynamically. Cadreization is an absolute necessity to build an independent and
sustainable work structure.
In general, there are several objectives to be achieved in this leadership
cadre, namely providing a condition of stability so that the development
planning that has been carried out can be continued, can maintain the
implementation of work that is not expected to be completed in the medium
term but is long term, and create development and sustainable development, so
that the vision and mission that have been proclaimed can be maintained and
realized (Fahmi, 2013). Organizational commitment and loyalty are essential to
any organization. Organizational commitment and loyalty are essential keys in
developing employee organizational citizenship behaviour (‘Azzam & Harsono,
2021). Policies are designed to ensure stated goals, missions, and visions in

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every organization. Therefore, an organization without proper policies will
operate without direction and focus (Sahu et al., 2018).
The concept of regeneration is for leaders or top management and
middle and low management circles. If strategic HR management is the focus of
educational HR, then by definition, the HR function will be carried out
strategically to align with larger organizational goals (Tran, 2015). Human
capital is related to education, knowledge, and skills individuals acquire in
education and training (Kolvekova et al., 2017). The lower management,
considered technical groups, has a vital role in building a big business. They are
the driving force that works tirelessly, so if the lower management is not carried
out and applied to the concept of regeneration, it is possible to weaken the
technical line.
The proper recruitment and positioning decisions help the formation of
the intended cadre. Based on an interview with the staffing department of MA
Asy-Syafi'iyah stated: "The procurement of employees and their placement is
based on the institution's needs to fill the vacancy in the place. Usually, it is
done by recruiting independently, namely by open recruitment and
procurement to hold a selection of prospective employees or by implementing it
yourself."
For an organization, regeneration is essential because it is related to its
sustainability. Dynamic organizational activities require regeneration to carry
out tasks so that organizational goals can be realized. Without organizational
regeneration, it is like a season's crop which will die without a successor. The
function of regeneration is to prepare candidates (embryos) ready to continue
the baton of an organization's struggle. Human resources are the most critical
asset in both profit and non-profit organizations. It is a resource that
encourages, guides, maintains, and develops organizations in the various
demands of society and the times. Human resources, in this case, is a significant
factor in every organization, both in form and purpose. The importance of
human resources in an organization demands that every organization get
qualified and productive employees to run the organization (Silviani et al.,
2021). Then adjusted to the salary that will be given to the new employee.
The finance department at MA Asy-Syafi'iyah Kendari stated that:
"Recruitment of new employees must also pay attention to the financial
condition of educational institutions, if the existing vacancies are filled with
adequate financial conditions, we may recruit new employees. However, if
financial conditions do not meet, then we will take advantage of existing
employees to fill the vacancy temporarily."
An organization's cadres have been trained and prepared with various
skills and disciplines so that they have abilities that are above the average
person. As the deputy head of the madrasa, AF said that declaring regeneration
within the framework of service at this institution was understood as a medium
for planting seeds. To produce excellent and superior leaders in the future and
meet the community's expectations, it is necessary to have the correct pattern of
regeneration. At least the regeneration program carried out at Madrasha Aliyah
Asy-Syafi'iyah Kendari theoretically refers to the following concepts;

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 Standardization and
Formalization

Division of Labor and

Specialization

Authority Hierarchy

Professionalization

Written
Documentation

Figure 1. Concept of Ideal Cadre for the organization

Figure 1. Explains that the concept of idealization is the most rational

means for the exercise of imperative control over humans. Bureaucracy is
rational because it relies on legal-rational authority, which contains the
following five basic principles; 1) standardization and formalization; Tompkins
(2005) identified four aspects of standardization in classical organizational
theory literature, namely standardization of work processes, standardization of
work outputs, standardization of worker skills, and standardization of values;
2) division of labor and specialization; is the breakdown of tasks into simple
components that can be performed on an iterative basis 3) hierarchy of
authority; Max Weber stated that members of the organization obey the
authority of officials only in their capacity as members of the organization and
that which is obeyed solely by the law; 4) professionalization; Bevir stated that
the professionalization of leaders is a process to promote and protect the
interests of officeholders in a professional manner (Bevir, 2007). Yates (2009)
states that in bureaucracy, professionalization refers to developing the type and
level of knowledge and skills required for professional behavior. This standard
of professional competence is applied to those who will enter the profession
and those who already exist, and (5) written documentation.
Based on the above functions, several regeneration roles can be
understood, including, First, the inheritance of good organizational values.
There is a transfer of values and organizational principles in the regeneration
process. Whether it is the values written in the organizational rules or the
unwritten values in the form of culture or culture within the organization. This
process can be done formally in discussions and can also be done through
casual chats or stories. Second, Guarantee the continuity of the organization. By
the function of regeneration, the role as a guarantor of the organization's
continuity becomes the leading role in regeneration. In the organization, human
resources are the most urgent and dynamic resources because there are many
changes, demands, and challenges over time, especially in the regeneration and
improvement of the quality of human resources. Without regeneration, the
organization will undoubtedly die because there are no more resources to drive
it. Third, Learning Facilities for new cadres. Cadreization is a facility to learn
new things that are not yet known. This is inseparable from the essence of

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education. Islamic education is a process in which those who do not know
become known, those who are not good become good, those who are not yet
mature become adults so that there is a change in thinking, character, and
behavior. In Islamic education, two things focus on formation and
development. Formation becomes the focus because there are several goals or
targeted outputs. While development is the focus because each individual has
different potentials and skills so that the development carried out for each
individual is different (Rahmawati, 2016).
Based on the observations at MA Asy-Syafi'iyah Kendari, what is meant
by positions includes two kinds of positions, namely structural and functional
positions. Structural positions are positions that are explicitly contained in the
organizational structure. A functional position is a position that is not explicitly
listed in an organization, but from the point of view of its function, the position
must exist to enable the smooth running of the organization's main tasks. The
appointment of employees to structural positions is based on work
performance, discipline, loyalty, dedication, experience, trustworthiness, and
other requirements needed so that the appointment of employees to structural
positions is genuinely and by applicable regulations.
What happened at MA Asy-Syafi'iyah Kendari shows that the
organizational mechanism to produce superior leaders through the
regeneration system has been appropriately implemented. The mechanism can
be understood as follows; First, the mechanism is the view that the interaction
of parts with other parts in a whole or system inadvertently produces activities
or functions by the objectives. Second, the mechanism is the theory that all
phenomena can be explained by principles that can explain machines without
the aid of intelligence as a cause or working principle. Third, the mechanism is
the theory that all natural phenomena are physical and can be explained in
material changes or moving matter. Fourth, the mechanism attempts to provide
a mechanical explanation, namely by the local motion of intrinsically
immutable parts for the internal structure of natural objects and the whole of
nature.

CONCLUSION
Based on the research results above, it can be concluded that
regeneration in leadership in madrasas is expected to create quality generations
and carry out their duties and responsibilities. Cadreization is carried out as a
medium for inheriting good organizational values, guaranteeing organizational
sustainability, learning facilities for new cadres, and prospective leaders in
these educational institutions. The cadre carried out refers to standardization
and formalization of the division of labor and specialization, the hierarchy of
authority, professionalization, and written documentation. The cauterization
carried out by the madrasa is intended to prepare candidates (embryos) who
are ready to continue the baton of an organization's struggle. An organization's
cadres have been trained and prepared with various skills and disciplines so
that they have abilities that are above the general average, become ideal leaders,
and can create good governance. The cadre that was carried out by

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standardization and formalization of the division of labor and specialization,
the hierarchy of authority, professionalization, and written documentation was
carried out well by madrasas.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research can be carried out properly thanks to the help of various
parties; for that, the researchers would like to thank Madrasah Aliyah Asy-
Syafi'iyah Kendari for providing data and Ihwan Fauzi, who has assisted in
collecting research data, as well as various parties involved in this research.

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