HydroElectric Generator ACDC
HydroElectric Generator ACDC
HydroElectric Generator ACDC
In partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Program and for the Completion of the course EE 004 DC and AC Machinery through the Design of
Experiment entitled: “Development of Experiment on How Hydroelectric Generator Can Generate Electric
Power.”
Submitted by:
Submitted to:
Electricity is already part of our daily lives. In Ancient History. Hydroelectric energy has been in use
for thousands of years where Ancient Romans built turbines, which are wheels turned by flowing water.
Roman turbines were not used for electricity instead it is used for grinding grains to make flour and breads.
Another source of hydroelectric energy is water mills. Water mills, are large wheels usually located on the
banks of moderately flowing rivers. It generates energy that powers such diverse activities as grinding grain
the work of water. There were different forms of hydro energy, it can be kinetics energy from the current
flow in rivers and potential energy from high heads of water retained in dams. Many resourceful ways have
been developed or invented to generate electricity but most involve directing the water flow through a
There are a lot of advantages in using hydroelectricity such as it is fueled by water so it's a clean
fuel source, meaning it won't pollute the air like power plants that burn fossil fuels. Hydroelectric power
plant is a domestic source of energy, allowing each state to produce their own energy without being reliant
on international fuel sources. The energy generated through hydropower relies on the water cycle, which is
driven by the sun, making it a renewable power source, making it a more reliable and affordable source
One of the disadvantages of hydroelectricity is that hydroelectric plants are expensive to build and
must be built to a high standard. Creating one can also destroy natural environment as it can cause
flooding of lands.
II. Statement of the Purpose
The main purpose of the experiment is to let students evaluate how hydroelectric generator
produces power, which also, particularly attempts to answer the following objectives:
D.O.E Team - With this experiment, the researchers will benefit the knowledge or concepts on how hydro-
Business sector - With this experiment, it can help the business owners and also other people to produce
Students - This experiment can be used as a reference to other projects especially in concern of hydro-
electric power.
III. Discussion of Methodology
The team aims to design of experiment: to produce a data and to prove the way hydroelectric
generators such as turbines can generate an electric power. The team used a prototype, mini
hydroelectric turbine, to gather data. To make a propeller, the researchers used a plastic container and
cut it into a circular form. Afterwards, it is divided into eight and the divided parts are then adhered on
the stick. The propeller was the inserted into a plastic container. To make the stand, the team used a
magazine rack to construct the planned base of the turbine. The turbine is then placed into the stand
Block Diagram
The team started their design of experiment on researching regarding their topic “Design of
Experiment on How Hydroelectric Generator Can Generate Electric Power”. They inquire the possible
materials and how to perform the experiment. Then, the team went on electronic shops to buy the
materials needed. Creating the prototype is one of the most significant part of this process. The team
started working on the hydroelectric turbine by using plastic bottle. Before testing of the prototype, the
group set up the circuit base on the schematic diagram. When the prototype is furnished, the team started
to do the experiment and trials. They setup the prototype and started to feed with a flowing water. At that
time, they started to record and compare the results. After the results were verified, they make a
Circuit Diagram
Figure 1. Circuit Diagram of Dynamo
In this design of experiment, the dynamo generator is connected in a parallel manner on the light
emitting diode. The dynamo generator produces an amount of 1 amperage of current and a 9 electromotive
force. The LED is connected thus the researcher can prove that there is a current flowing and a voltage
Dynamo (12V)
A device that converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy.
Plastic Container
Tupperware
A case for protection of the motor
from water
Table
For the software simulation, the team simulates the circuit in multi-sim itself that gives us an idea
for a real-time measured values that the experiment will give. A multi-sim is a software that gives us a real-
time needed values in voltage and ampere without the presence of the external factor like voltage drops
from the wires. It also gives us the expected values when we perform the experiment.
V. Data and Results
Trial 1:
P = VI = (3.19 V) (0.3 A) = 0.975 Watts
Trial 2:
P = VI = (5.75 V) (0.2 A) = 1.15 Watts
Trial 3:
P = VI = (6.84 V) (0.2 A) = 1.368 Watts
Trial 4:
P = VI = (7.07 V) (0.2 A) = 1.414 Watts
Trial 5:
P = VI = (6.89 V) (0.2 A) = 1.378 Watts
Trial 6:
P = VI = (7.69 V) (0.3 A) = 2.307 Watts
Trial 7:
P = VI = (7.88 V) (0.3 A) = 2.364 Watts
Trial 8:
P = VI = (8.06 V) (0.2 A) = 1.612 Watts
Trial 9:
P = VI = (8.59 V) (0.2 A) = 1.718 Watts
Trial 10:
P = VI = (8.88 V) (0.3 A) = 2.664 Watts
The experiment team gathered ten main data which is the resistance, the output voltage, speed, output
power, flow rate, water density, and height. The design team run the prototype ten consecutive times
obtaining ten different result for each distinct variable. The current and the voltage is obtained by using a
multi-meter while the output power was calculated using the formula P=IV. The resistance was calculated
VI. Synthesis
In this experiment, the team designed an experiment and we are given as how hydroelectric
generator can generate electric power. Since our population and modern technologies are growing, we
need a vast amount of electricity for creating, building and expanding that is why we defined electricity as
one of the most essential things in the world. Hydroelectric power is a form of energy that is a renewable
resource. As showed in the background of this experiment, hydroelectric power comes from flowing water it
includes streams, lakes, spring runoff from mountain and etc. When it is falling by the force of gravity, water
can be used to turn turbines and generators into producing electricity. According to the Reclamation
Managing Water in the West, hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of
its ability to respond quickly to rapidly varying loads or system disturbances, which base load plants with
steam systems powered by combustion or nuclear processes cannot accommodate. Hydropower works
from being a kinetic (moving) energy, when flowing water turns blades in a turbine, the form is changed to
mechanical (machine) energy. The turbine turns the generator motor which then converts this mechanical
4
Speed (RPM)
3 Voltage vs. RPM
2
The graph showing the relation of the generated voltage and the speed of the armature shaft,
relates the two
1 factors as direct proportion the data has plotted. In the means of the computational analysis
and the data gathered, has due to the internal constant characteristic of n to each other and that as the
0
armature shaft200
speed increases
300
the voltage400
generated also
500
increases, resulting
600
to a positive
700
slope line.
800
0.06
0.05
0.04
Current
0.03
Current vs. RPM
0.02
The characteristic manifested in the graph and that current is inversely proportional to the speed.
This data analysis
0.01 just proves previous discussions that speed is directly proportional to voltage and
inversely proportional to the magnetic flux, then the flux is directly proportional to the current
0
0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 0.32
Pictorial Evidences
Trial 1:
Voltage RPM
Trial 2:
Voltage RPM
Trail 3:
Voltage RPM
Trial 4:
Voltage RPM
VIII. Conclusion
We therefore conclude that as we go through in our design experiment, we were able to prove that
through water, you can produce electricity and how the hydroelectric generator can generate electric power. We
also conclude that hydropower is one of the most environmental friendly among all the different power
resources because it does not contain several extraction of natural resources and it doesn’t effect on
adding up pollution to the nature. Moreover, we conclude that you can produce electricity by the energy and
form of the motion of water and the faster the turbine rotates, the brighter the LED gets due to greater
power produced.
VIII. Bibliography
led-adding-a-super-cap-to-keep-it-lighted-after-stopping.91866/
https://www.ebay.com/itm/4mm-Automotive-Marine-Stranded-Wire-Cable-56-0-3mm-/263335487970
https://www.wikihow.com/Build-a-Bottle-Rocket
https://www.ebay.co.uk/bhp/disposable-food-containers
https://www.amazon.com/Neiko-20713A-Digital-Tachometer-Contact/dp/B000I5LDVC
http://www.mpja.com/UNI-T-UT33B-Digital-Multimeter-6-function/productinfo/32046%20TE/
https://www.amazon.co.uk/BAMBOO-WOODEN-SKEWERS-CHOCOLATE-FOUNTAIN/dp/B013O3Z090
https://www.cchobby.com/maxi-glue-gun-high-temperature-1pc
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/fluorescent-rubber-bands-2037228873.html
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Electrical Technology vol 2.
2. Electrical Machines and drives.
3. Principles of Electrical Machines.
4. Hydraulic Machines textbook.
5. Dynamo Electric Machinery.
6. Electrical Machinery and Transformers.
CURRICULUM VITAE