NCM105 Lesson12 Adolescenceadulthood

LESSON 12 NDMU | College of Arts and Sciences | Nursing
Notre Dame of Marbel University

College of Arts and Sciences
Nursing Department
LESSON 12
NUTRITION DURING ADOLESCENCE &
ADULTHOOD
Figure 2.5.1. Asthma

LESSON 12: ADOLESCENCE & ADULTHOOD
Introduction
Teenagers make many more choices for themselves than they did as children. They are not
fed, they eat; they are not sent out to play, they choose to go. At the same time, social pres-
sures thrust choices at them, such as whether to drink alcoholic beverages and whether to de-
velop their bodies to meet extreme ideals of slimness or athletic prowess. Their interest in
nutrition—both valid information and misinformation—derives from personal, immediate
experiences. On the other had, Wise food choices, made throughout adulthood, can support a
person’s ability to meet physical, emotional, and mental challenges and to enjoy freedom
from disease. Two goals motivate adults to pay attention to their diets: promoting health and
slowing aging.
Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this course packet, the student-nurses can:
1) Describe the nutritional requirements for an adolescent
2) Describe the nutritional requirements for an adult
3) Formulate a meal plan for an adolescent client
Kickstart!
Activity: Open the FNRI website (https://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/ ) and search for the Daily
Nutritional Guide Pyramid for Filipino Teens. Answer the following:
1. How many servings of vegetables is recommended? _______________
2. Give an example of sugar/sweets sources recommended for a adolescent to consume?
_________________
3. How many glasses of Milk/Milk products is recommended? _________________
4. What kind of exercise is recommended for an adolescent? _________________
5. Give an example of Egg, dried beans and nuts recommended for a teen to consume?
_________________
Definition
ADOLESCENCE
• Transition period of human development that occurs between childhood and adult-
hood.
Nutritional Goals during Adolescence

• Provide optimum nutritional support for the demands of rapid growth and high-
energy expenditure.
• Support the development of good eating habits by providing a variety of foods

through a regular pattern.
Nutritional Allowances of an Adolescent

CALORIES
• The reference 44-kg boy between 13 and 15 years old needs 310 kcal more than what the girl of
the same weight and age does. His is due to the higher energy expenditure brought about by in-
tense physical activity.
PROTEINS
• The protein needs are high among teenagers because of the accelerated growth and development.
VITAMINS
• Allowance for vitamin A is the same for all levels.
• Vitamin C allowance is constantly higher among boys than among girls aged 16 to 19 years.
MINERALS
• The recommended calcium allowance of the 13 to 15 age group is higher (700mg) compared to
the 16 to 19 age group (600mg).
Possible Nutritional Problems

• Low intake of calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C
• Low intake of iron in girls
• Anemia
• Obesity or underweight
• Skin problems
• Nutritional deficiencies related to:
a. Psychological factors—food aversions and
emotional problems
b. Crash diets/Fear of becoming overweight
c. Food diets
d. Poor choice of snack foods
e. Irregular eating pattern
f. Additional stress of pregnancy
Definition
ADULTHOOD
• The period of life when one has attained full growth and maturity (between 21 and
50 years of age)
Nutritional Management during Adulthood

• It includes maintenance of the desirable body weight (DBW).
• By the age of 60, the average adult has accumulated about 7 extra kilograms.
• To prevent overweight and obesity (which increase the chance of developing chronic disor-
ders associated with aging like high blood pressure, increase levels of blood cholesterol and
triglycerides, hyperuricemia, and diabetes), it is recommended that the daily caloric allowanc-
es be reduced with increasing age.
• A decrease of 3% is suggested by FAO for each decade of 30 to 39 years and 40 to 49 years

because the resting metabolic rate declines brought about by the loss of lean body mass.
Feeding the Adult

To stay healthy, the following guidelines must be observed by adult men and women:
• Eat a variety of foods.
• Maintain the ideal weight
• Avoid too much fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.
• Eat foods with adequate starch and fiber
• Avoid too much sugar
• Avoid too much sodium
• Drink alcohol moderately
Nutritional Issues
OSTEOPOROSIS
• Osteoporosis is a silent enemy. It is a bone disease that leads to an increased risk of

fracture. The spine may compress, then later collapse causing dowager’s hump.
• It is less common in men than in woman.
• Woman at risk of developing osteoporosis include thin, small-boned women; wom-
en with family history of the disease; women whose ovaries were removed at an ear-
ly age; and sedentary women.
• Smokers and drinkers are also at risk.
CANCER
The American Cancer Society has gathered evidences that diet and cancer are related. Here are the
recommended foods to fend off cancer:
• Carotene • Milk, especially 2-3 cups of vitamin D forti-
• Cabbage, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, and cau- fied skim milk a day, may help ward off
liflower reduce the risk of GI and respiratory colon cancer
tract cancer • Cabbage prevents cancer.
• Fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain cereals. • Drink moderate amounts of alcoholic bever-
• Foods high in fats, salt, or nitrite-cured ages.
foods.
THINK!
Activity: Create a meal plan using the Pinggang Pinoy as guide for an adolescent client.
Take int consideration the different activities and set-up a teen may have daily.
References
Cruz-Caudal, M. L. (2019). Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy. Quezon City: C&E Publishing.
Grodner, M. (2012). Foundations and Clinical Applications of Nutrition: A Nursing Approach.
Singapore: Elsevier.
Wilson, T., & Bray, G. (2015). Nutrition Guide for Physicians. New York: Humana Press.

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LESSON 12 NDMU | College of Arts and Sciences | Nursing

Notre Dame of Marbel University

Figure 2.5.1. Asthma

LESSON 12: ADOLESCENCE & ADULTHOOD

Intended Learning Outcomes

Nutritional Goals during Adolescence

• Support the development of good eating habits by providing a variety of foods

Nutritional Allowances of an Adolescent

Possible Nutritional Problems

Nutritional Management during Adulthood

• A decrease of 3% is suggested by FAO for each decade of 30 to 39 years and 40 to 49 years

Feeding the Adult

• Osteoporosis is a silent enemy. It is a bone disease that leads to an increased risk of

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