UNIT 1 Introduction To Global Culture and Tourism Geography

Global Culture and Tourism Geography
(THM 52013)
Learning objectives:
1. Discuss the meaning of Tourism Geography and Culture and
their relationships.
2. Explain the key concepts in the study of tourism geography

and the factors the current travel patterns.
What is Geography?
The word derives from the Greek words gê ("the Earth") and
graphein ("to write", as in "to describe").
The study of the earth and its features and of the distribution of
life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human
activity.
What is Geography?
The science which involves a combination of physical
and cultural disciplines which are used to describe,
explain and help us to understand our environment and
our relationship to it.
Physical Geography
It is the branch of geography dealing with the natural features of
the earth, the home of humans.
It consists of the systematic study of the origin, distribution, and

significance of the major physical features of the earth such as
landforms, climates, the oceans, and the natural resources. *
New Zealand
Cultural Geography
It is the branch of geography dealing with human culture
and its impact on the earth.
Such subjects as the

distribution of population,
various settlement
patterns, and the features
resulting from man’s
productive activities in
earning a living. *
Cultural Geography
Itexamines the cultural values, practices, discursive and material
expressions and artefacts of people, the cultural diversity and
plurality of society, and how cultures are distributed over space,
how places and identities are produced, how people make sense
of places and build senses of place, and how people produce and
communicate knowledge and meaning. *
Tourism
Tourism is a social, cultural and economic
phenomenon which entails the movement
of people to countries or places outside their
usual environment for personal or
business/professional purposes. *
These people are called visitors

(which may be either tourists or excursionists;
residents or non-residents) and tourism has
to do with their activities, some of which
involve tourism expenditure.
Relationship between Tourism and
Geography
The uniqueness of place creates an attraction.
Tourism is an agent of change, becoming an element in

the uniqueness of place and an important variable in
geographic studies. *
Relationship between Tourism and
Geography
Geography shapes the tourist preferences and tourism demand.
Human beings seek and try to see things they do not have in
their geography, and for this reason they try to visit different
geographies.
Relationship between Tourism and Geography
Tourism is an income generator, attracting amounts of

investments, and is ever developing despite threats.
The impacts of tourism, selection and development of tourist

destinations, rules of land use and planning in tourism zones and
protection of tourism areas depict that Tourism needs a physical
geography for the production and service phases.
Tourism is an abundant source of inputs for several tourism

products, even though some of these elements are exploited (ie.
lakes, mountains, snow, sea, climate, culture).
Relationship between Tourism and Geography
Geography is known for researchers on spatial dispersions,

climate, physical and human characteristics of an area and
related with tourism since tourism activity occurs within the
geographical limits.
It has a limitative and determinative Which determines the…
role in touristic movements and their
organizations such as:
24 hour time zones Routes of plane
dispersion of heat (temperature) on Content of tour package
earth Timing of tour package
quality and types of precipitation Location of hotels and airports
topography and land shapes
characteristics of winds and their
variations on the globe
Connection between
Tourism and Geography
The connections between tourism and geography are linked to
specific terms such as place, location, space, accessibility, scale
and others.
Tourism geography studies things like the tourist resources

(natural or man-made), the tourism infrastructure
(transportation, accommodation, etc.), the types and forms of
tourism, the tourist circulation (statistical research), tourist
markets, as well as other domains.
Tourism Geography
From a geographical point of view, tourism studies requires an

understanding of the places of tourist origin (or tourist
generating areas), tourist destinations, and the relationship
between the place of origin and the destination, which includes
transportation routes, business and marketing relationships, and
traveler motivations.
Tourism Geography
Geography may be defined as the study of the structure
and interaction of two major systems:
(1) the ecological and social systems that link humans

to each other and to their environment and
(2) the spatial system that

links one area of the earth ’s
surface with another.
Tourism
Geography
Three Concepts in the study of geography of travel and tourism:
1. Spatial scale
2. The geographical components of the tourism system
3. Spatial interaction between the components of the tourist system
1. Spatial Scale
This idea of scale, keeps in focus the area being

dealt with.
From the geographical point of view, tourism can
be considered from number of scale:
- world scale *
- regional scale
- local scale
2. The geographical components of
the tourism system
Tourist generating areas - represent the home of

tourists, where journeys begin and end.
Tourist receiving areas - attract tourists to stay

temporarily and will have features and attractions
that may not be found in the generating area
2. The geographical components of
the tourism system
Transit routes – link these two types of areas and

are a key element in the system as their
effectiveness and characteristics shape the
volume and direction of tourist flows.
Such routes represent the transport component of

the tourism industry.
3. Spatial interaction between the
components of the tourist system
Tourist flow
An understanding of tourist flow is critical for managing

the environmental and social impacts of tourism ,
securing commercial viability of the tourism industry
and for planning new developments
Explaining tourist flow
Factors that helped to explain these flows:

1. Distances between countries (the greater the
distance, the smaller the volume of flow)
2. International connectivity (shared business or cultural
ties between countries
3. The general attractiveness of the country
It is influenced by a variety of push and pull factor:
Push factors – are mainly concerned with the stage of economic

development in the generating area and will include such factors
as levels of affluence, mobility and holiday entitlement
Pull factors – include accessibility, and the
attractions and amenities of the destination area
The push factor involves a force which acts to

drive people away from a place and the pull
factor is what draws them to a new location.
Factors Influencing
Tourism
Leisure time
Leisure is important that it increases the amount of

time free from actual labor and the associated freedom
to choose how time is spent in non- work situations
- paid vacations and holidays
- opportunity to travel
- age of retirement has been reduced
- attitude change
Factors Influencing
Tourism
Affluence
Affluence refers to the majority of the

population gaining a good standard of living
- increased in both real and disposable
income
Factors Influencing
Tourism
Mobility
Henry Ford created the benchmark for increasing the

general public’s mobility
– mass production of automobile
Vast network of roads and the mass production of the
car at a price most citizens can afford has lead to the
development of a domestic tourism industry
- motels, hotels, restaurants, and other support
services
Factors Influencing
Tourism
Mobility
Rapid improvement of air service
– reduced flying time
The result of Jet Age were lower fares, a wider

rage of routes. Reduced travel time and longer
distance travel.
Current International
Patterns of Tourism
1. Proximity
2. Presence or absence of
international connectivity , including business,
political, military and other ties
3. Type and degree of service offered
4. General attractiveness of a country to tourists
from another country or culture
5. Cost of traveling
Current International
Patterns of Tourism
6. Influence of intervening
opportunities
Intervening opportunities –
refers to the substitution of one place for another
- nearer or less expensive
7. The national character of the source country
8. The mental image of the target area held by potential
visitors
Thank you.
JOURNAL CRITIQUE/ANALYSIS
Journal Title: Assessment of world tourism from a geographical
perspective and a comparative view of leading destinations in
the market
Authors: Gürhan Akda & Zafer Öterb
Instruction:
The study on “Assessment of world tourism from a geographical perspective and a comparative
view of leading destinations in the market” by Gürhan Akda & Zafer Öterb discussed how
geography can impact tourism destinations.
Read the journal and answer only one (1) of the following questions.
1.Based from your understanding in the journal reading, how does physical geography (climate,
distance, area) and human geography in the world tourist destinations played a major role in
developing tourism destinations, increasing travel demand and easing visitor mobilization
process. Explain your analysis in not more than 300 words (1 paragraph). Support your answer
by giving examples.
2.Research about the physical and human geography characteristics of Turkey that would help its
tourism become a lead destination in the market. Discuss comprehensively about your research
in not more than 300 words (1 paragraph). Cite your reference/s. Don’t need to put illustrations.

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Global Culture and Tourism Geography

2. Explain the key concepts in the study of tourism geography

It consists of the systematic study of the origin, distribution, and

Such subjects as the

These people are called visitors

The uniqueness of place creates an attraction.

Tourism is an agent of change, becoming an element in

Tourism is an income generator, attracting amounts of

The impacts of tourism, selection and development of tourist

Tourism is an abundant source of inputs for several tourism

Geography is known for researchers on spatial dispersions,

Tourism geography studies things like the tourist resources

From a geographical point of view, tourism studies requires an

(1) the ecological and social systems that link humans

(2) the spatial system that

Three Concepts in the study of geography of travel and tourism:

This idea of scale, keeps in focus the area being

Tourist generating areas - represent the home of

Tourist receiving areas - attract tourists to stay

Transit routes – link these two types of areas and

Such routes represent the transport component of

An understanding of tourist flow is critical for managing

Factors that helped to explain these flows:

Push factors – are mainly concerned with the stage of economic

The push factor involves a force which acts to

Leisure is important that it increases the amount of

Affluence refers to the majority of the

Henry Ford created the benchmark for increasing the

The result of Jet Age were lower fares, a wider

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