VISCEROCRANIUM
VISCEROCRANIUM
VISCEROCRANIUM
Andrea Heinzlmann
University of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Anatomy and Histology
16th October 2019
BONES OF THE FACE (OSSA FACIEI)
bo
http://raab.moovr.fr/cow-skull-diagram.html
ca eq
http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=493.172 https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2017/09/28/b
ridle-fit-important-horse-saddle-fitting/
BONES OF THE FACE (OSSA FACIEI)
PAIRED BONES:
1. Os nasale
2. Os lacrimale
3. Os zygomaticum
4. Os incisivum
5. Os maxillare
6. Os palatinum
7. Ossa turbinata
https://www.slideshare.net/VetAbdulrhmanSubhi/short-notes-in-dog-skeleton
8. Mandibula http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html
UNPAIRED BONES:
1. Os hyoideum
2. Vomer
https://www.slideshare.net/VetAbdulrhmanSubhi/short-notes-in-dog-skeleton
NASAL BONE (OS NASALE)
- paired bone
a. FACIES EXTERNA
https://www.slideshare.net/VetAbdulrhmanSubhi/short-notes-in-dog-skeleton
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html
NASAL BONE (OS NASALE)
CRISTA ETHMOIDALIS:
- sagittal cerst
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/
1. Conchal crest
2. Ethmoid crest
3. Third incisor tooth
4. Canine tooth
5. First premolar tooth
6. Second premolar
tooth
7. Third premolar tooth
8. Fourth premolar
tooth
9. Incisive bone
10. Nasal bone
11. Maxilla https://veteriankey.com/intraoral-radiographic-anatomy-of-the-dog/
12. Vomer
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
NASAL BONE (OS NASALE)
SUTURA PLANA:
- the medial borders of the two nasal bones articlate in a sutura plana
https://www.slideshare.net/VetAbdulrhmanSubhi/short-notes-in-dog-skeleton
NASAL BONE (OS NASALE)
PROCESSUS SEPTALIS:
- projects inwards
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-1.html
NASAL BONE (OS NASALE)
PROCESSUS ROSTRALIS:
INCISURA NASOINCISIVA:
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
LACRIMAL BONE
(OS LACRIMALE)
- situated on the rostral wall of the orbit
a. frontal bone
b. zygomatic bone
c. maxilla
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/
d. nasal bone
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
LACRIMAL BONE (OS LACRIMALE)
Margo supraorbitalis
Margo infraorbitalis
The horse has a complete bony orbital rim. The orbital bones include the
frontal (F), lacrimal (L), zygomatic (Z), and temporal (T). The sphenoid and
palatine bone forming the medial wall of the orbit separates the orbit from the
calvarium. The nasolacrimal duct canaliculi (NLC) course through the lacrimal
bone. The orbital foramina through the sphenoid bone includes, from anterior to
posterior, the rostral alar (RA), orbital fissure (OF), optic (O), and
ethmoidal (E) (see Table 3-1). The supraorbital foramen (SOF) exits through the
frontal bone.
https://veteriankey.com/diseases-and-surgery-of-the-globe-and-orbit/
LACRIMAL BONE (OS LACRIMALE)
MARGO INFRAORITALIS:
- in Ru, eq
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-1.html
LACRIMAL BONE (OS LACRIMALE)
- in eq
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-1.html
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
LACRIMAL BONE (OS LACRIMALE)
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
LACRIMAL BONE (OS LACRIMALE)
1. Foramen lacrimale 4.
2. Foramen maxillare
3. Foramen sphenopalatinum
4. Foramen palatinum caudale
ca
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
LACRIMAL BONE (OS LACRIMALE)
BULLA LACRIMALIS:
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-13.html
LACRIMAL BONE (OS LACRIMALE)
FACIES NASALIS presents :
- inner surface
- in Ru forms part of the lacrimal sinus – excaveted the os lacrimale , except the bulla lacrimalis
consists of :
B. Facies orbitalis
C. Facies lateralis
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html
ZYGOMATIC BONE (OS ZYGOMATICUM)
- small
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/
body
ZYGOMATIC BONE (OS ZYGOMATICUM)
- in Bo froms the processus frontalis – adjoining the proc. zygomaticus ossis frontalis
Proc. frontalis
ZYGOMATIC BONE (OS ZYGOMATICUM)
- the facies lateralis and facies orbitalis meet at the infraorbital margin
ZYGOMATIC BONE (OS ZYGOMATICUM)
CRISTA FACIALIS:
- prominent in Eq
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-1.html
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html
MAXILLA
- involved into the fromation of the wall of the nasal and oral cavity
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/
MAXILLA
A. CORPUS MAXILLAE:
1. Facies facialis
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
2. Facies nasalis
A. PROCESSUS ALVEOLARIS
B. PROCESSUS ZYGOMATICUS
C. PROCESSUS PALATINUS
D. PROCESSUS FRONTALIS – in ca
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
MAXILLA
CORPUS MAXILLAE:
corpus
MAXILLA
CORPUS MAXILLAE:
CORPUS MAXILLAE:
b. TUBER FACIALE
CANALIS INFRAORBITALIS:
http://www.vetanswers.com.au/blog/post/regional-
nerve-blocks-for-veterinary-dentistry-oral-surgery/147
https://www.vetfolio.com/learn/article/preventing-extraction-complications
A caudal infraorbital nerve block is performed in a dog
using a 3 cc syringe and a 1.25 inch, 27-gauge needle.
MAXILLA With the needle inserted nearly to the hub in this
midsized dog, the entire maxillary quadrant can be
blocked.
FORAMEN INFRAORBITALE:
https://www.veterinarypracticenews.c
- opening of the infraorbital canal om/nerve-blocks-take-the-bite-out-of-
small-animal-oral-surgery/
- in ca above the 3rd cheek teeth
- has clinical significance – the infraorbital canal houses the sensory infraorbital nerve - through the foramen the
nerve has to be anaesthetised
MAXILLA
CANALIS ALVEOLARIS:
https://veteriankey.com/cranial-nerves/
MAXILLA
CANALIS ALVEOLARIS:
- in Ru tere are no teeth in the incisive bone - the alveolar canal is absent
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html
MAXILLA
CANALIS MAXILLOINCISIVUS (incisivomaxillary canal:
- carries the nerves and blood vessels to the first three premolar, canine, incisor teeth
- leaves the medial wall of the infraorbital canal within the infraorbital foramen
- enters the incisive bone – continues in the incisive bone rostrally and medially
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/museum/pages/EqSkullVasCast.html
https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2018/01/23/horse-ill-fitting-bridle/
MAXILLA
- inner surface
a. CRISTA CONCHALIS:
2.
1.
A
a.
B
1. Conchal crest
2. Ethmoid crest
3. Third incisor tooth
4. Canine tooth
5. First premolar tooth
6. Second premolar tooth
7. Third premolar tooth
Dorsal turbinate bone (A) and ventral turbinate bone (B) 8. Fourth premolar tooth
9. Incisive bone
10. Nasal bone
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3195024 11. Maxilla
24_Gross_anatomical_studies_on_the_turbinate_b
one_of_blue_bull_Boselaphus_tragocamelus#pf2 12. Vomer
https://veteriankey.com/intraoral-radiographic-anatomy-of-the-dog/
MAXILLA
b. CANALIS NASOLACRIMALIS:
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/final-exam/deck/2434777
MAXILLA
PROCESSUS ALVEOLARIS:
Processus alveolaris
- ventral process
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
MAXILLA
PROCESSUS ALVEOLARIS presents:
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
MAXILLA
PROCESSUS ALVEOLARIS:
https://hu.pinterest.com/pin/260294053442559492/
Alveoli dentales
MAXILLA
PROCESSUS ALVEOLARIS:
ALVEOLI DENTALES
https://pocketdentistry.com/14-dento-osseous-structures-blood-vessels-and-nerves/
Septa interalveolaria
MAXILLA
PROCESSUS ALVEOLARIS:
ALVEOLI DENTALES
2. SEPTA INTERRADICULARIA:
- divide the individual alveoli into separate cavities for the roots of the teeth
Interalveolar septa
Septa interradicularia
https://pocketdentistry.com/14-dento-osseous-structures-blood-vessels-and-nerves/
MAXILLA
PROCESSUS ALVEOLARIS:
ALVEOLI DENTALES
3. JUGA ALVEOLARIS:
Juga alveolaris
MAXILLA
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html
MAXILLA
TUBER MAXILLAE:
FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA:
a. proc. petyrogoideus
b. os basisphenoidale
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
MAXILLA
FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA:
1. FORAMEN MAXILLARE
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
1. Foramen lacrimale
2. Foramen maxillare
3. Foramen sphenopalatinum
4. Foramen palatinum caudale
1.
2.
3.
4.
ca
https://www.neuroanatomyofthedog.com/iiiiiivvvi-cranial-nerves?lightbox=image_dyy
MAXILLA
FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA:
1. FORAMEN MAXILLARE:
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
https://www.neuroanatomyofthedog.com/iiiiiivvvi-cranial-nerves?lightbox=image_dyy
MAXILLA
FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA:
2.
3.
4.
ca
MAXILLA
FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA:
https://www.neuroanatomyofthedog.com/iiiiiivvvi-cranial-nerves?lightbox=image_dyy
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
MAXILLA
- projects medially
- horizontal plate
- unites with the palatine process of the other side at the SUTURA PALATINA MEDIANA
Sutura
palatina
mediana
Processus
Palatinus
maxillae
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/
MAXILLA
PROCESSUS PALATINUS:
- caudally fuses with the horizontal palte of the palatine bone - form the PALATUM DURUM
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
MAXILLA
PROCESSUS PALATINUS:
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
MAXILLA
PROCESSUS PALATINUS:
A. FACEIS NASALIS:
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
MAXILLA
PROCESSUS PALATINUS:
B. FACEIS ORALIS:
- runs from the exit of the major palatine canal to the foramen palatinum major
- SINUS PALATINUS in Bo
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/gross-anatomy-i-study-guide-2011-12-kumar/deck/9731266
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
INCISIVE BONE (OS INCISIVUM, PREMAXILLA)
- forms the apex of the skull with the maxilla and the nasal bone
C. PROCESSUS NASALIS
D. PROCESSUS PALATINUS
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/ https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
INCISIVE BONE (OS INCISIVUM)
a. FACIES LABIALIS
b. FACIES PALATINA
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html
INCISIVE BONE (OS INCISIVUM)
PROCESSUS ALVEOLARIS:
- the body projects towards the lower jaw to form the process
- in Ru no teeth
b. MAGO INTERALVEOLARIS
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-3.html
INCISIVE BONE (OS INCISIVUM)
PROCESSUS ALVEOLARIS:
c. SUTURA INTERINCISIVA:
- in carnovores, eq
- canalis interincisivus
Sutura
interincisiva
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
INCISIVE BONE (OS INCISIVUM)
PROCESSUS ALVEOLARIS:
FISSURA INTERINCISIVA:
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
INCISIVE BONE (OS INCISIVUM)
PROCESSUS NASALIS:
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
INCISIVE BONE (OS INCISIVUM)
PROCESSUS PALATINUS:
1. FISSURA PALATINA
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-8.html
INCISIVE BONE (OS INCISIVUM)
PROCESSUS PALATINUS:
2. FACEIS NASALIS:
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-8.html
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-3.html
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)
lies between:
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)
- forms the lateral wall and the roof of the meatus nasopgaryngeus
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orbita_hund.jpg
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)
a. LAMINA SPHENOETHMOIDALIS :
- absent in Ru
23.
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)
b. PROCESSUS SPHENOIDALIS
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)
LAMINA PERPENDICULARIS OSSIS PALATINI in eq contains the :
SINUS PALATINUS:
http://www.equinedental.eu/uploads/documents/FOCUSonDENTISTRYPROCEEDINGS.pdf
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PALATINE BONE
(OS PALATINUM)
LAMINA HORIZONTALIS IS OSSIS PALATINI:
a. MARGO LIBER:
- caudal border
https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ebooks/pdf/10.1055/b-0034-36154.pdf http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)A
- in ca
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)
b. CRISTA NASALIS:
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)A
LAMINA HORIZONTALIS OSSIS PALATINI contains the:
SINUS PALATINUS:
- in Ru
- together with the palatine process of the maxilla forms the palatine sinus
Sinus palatinus
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/gross-
anatomy-i-study-guide-2011-12-kumar/deck/9731266
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
Foramina
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)A palatina
minora
- in ca, bo
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)
- in dog, eq
- runs between the horizontal plates of the palatine bone and the maxilla
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
https://www.vetfolio.com/learn/article/from-the-horses-mouth-an-extraction-of-the-first-premolar-teeth
PALATINE BONE (OS PALATINUM)
Fpramina
palatina
For. palatinum major minora
Sulcus palatinus
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
VOMER
- unpaired bone
A. BASAL PLATE:
B. LATERAL PLATES:
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/
CONCHAL BONE (OSSA CONCHA)
A. ENDOTURBINATE I.
http://www.equinedental.eu/uploads/documents/FOCUSonDENTISTRYPROCEEDINGS.pdf
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-2.html
CONCHAL BONE (OSSA CONCHA)
A. ENDOTURBINATE I.
a. Rostral part:
b. Caudal part:
- cone - shaped
- contains the dorsal conchal sinus – unites with the frontal sinus – SINUS CONCHOFRONTALIS
http://www.equinedental.eu/uploads/documents/FOCUSonDENTISTRYPROCEEDINGS.pdf
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-5.html
CONCHAL BONE (OSSA CONCHA)
B. ENDOTURBINATE II.
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-15.html
CONCHAL BONE (OSSA CONCHA)
VENTRAL NASAL CONCHAL BONE (OS CONCHAE NASALIS VENTRALIS, MAXILLOTURBINATE, Mt):
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-2.html
CONCHAL BONE (OSSA CONCHA)
VENTRAL NASAL CONCHAL BONE (OS CONCHAE NASALIS VENTRALIS, MAXILLOTURBINATE, Mt):
1. LAMELLA BASALIS
2. LAMINA SPIRALIS
2. Lamina basalis
3. Lamina spiralis dorsalis
4. Lamina spiralis ventralis
https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ebooks/pdf/10.1055/b-0037-148384.pdf
CONCHAL BONE (OSSA CONCHA)
VENTRAL NASAL CONCHAL BONE (OS CONCHAE NASALIS VENTRALIS, MAXILLOTUBINATE, Mt):
LAMINA SPIRALIS:
b. in eq coiled upwards
c. SINUS CONCHAE VENTRALIS the spiral lamina fused with the basal lamella
https://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/content/177/21/542
2. Lamina basalis
3. Lamina spiralis dorsalis
4. Lamina spiralis ventralis
https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ebooks/pdf/10.1055/b-0037-
148384.pdf
eq
CONCHAL BONE (OSSA CONCHA)
The arrangement of the conchal bones leaves 3 passages or MEATUSES in both nasal cavity:
- lies between the roof of the nasal cavity and the dorsal concha
- lies between the ventral concha and the floor of the nasal cavity
https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ebooks/pdf/10.1055/b-0034-36154.pdf
MANDIBULA
1. CORPUS MANDIBULAE
2. RAMUS MANDIBULAE
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
MANDIBULA
ca
CORPUS MANDIBULAE:
bo
- carries the teeth
Lingual surface
ca, lateral aspect, labial surface
MANDIBULA
CORPUS MANDIBULAE:
c. ARCUS ALVEOLARIS:
https://slideplayer.com/slide/3468364/
MANDIBULA
ca
CORPUS MANDIBULAE:
bo
PARS MOLARIS (molar part):
a. FACIES BUCCALIS
b. FACIES LINGUALIS
eq
Lingual surface
MANDIBULA
CORPUS MANDIBULAE:
a. LINEA MYLOHYOIDEA
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10358288/
Linea
mylohyoidea
MANDIBULA
CORPUS MANDIBULAE:
MARGO VENTRALIS:
- straight in eq
MANDIBULA
- except in carnivores
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
MANDIBULA
MARGO ALVEOLARIS:
- Septa interalveolaria
- Septa interradicularia
- Juga alveolaria
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
MANDIBULA
- ends on the lateral surface of the body at the junction between the molar and incisive part
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
MANDIBULA
FORAMEN MANDIBULARE:
https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2018/01/23/horse-ill-fitting-bridle/
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IM
UNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
elearning.uokerbala.edu.iq
MANDIBULA
CANALIS MANDIBULAE (mandibular canal):
- in Ru, eq single
- palpable through the skin of the lower lip on the lateral surface of the body
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
elearning.uokerbala.edu.iq
MANDIBULA
CANALIS MANDIBULARIS (mandibular canal):
- then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by
small openings
• arriving at the incisor teeth, it turns back to communicate with the mental foramen, giving off a small canal
known as the mandibular incisive canal
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
MANDIBULA
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Clinical-significance-of-the-anterior-loop-of-the-a-
Bobat/d406db0728007cbb7856062abad908da4c690e9d/figure/1
https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2018/01/23/horse-ill-fitting-bridle/
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/museum/pages/EqSkullVasCast.html
MANDIBULA
CANALIS ALVEOLARIS:
https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2018/01/23/horse-ill-fitting-bridle/
https://veteriankey.com/surgery-of-the-digestive-system/
MANDIBULA
RAMUS MANDIBULAE:
https://www.slideshare.net/aydan92/kafatasi-ders-notlari
MANDIBULA
RAMUS MANDIBULAE:
A. FACIES LATERALIS
B. FACIES MEDIALIS
MANDIBULA
RAMUS MANDIBULAE:
FACIES LATERALIS:
a. FOSSA MASSETERICA
- m. masseter
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab19/Img19-7.html
MANDIBULA
RAMUS MANDIBULAE:
FACIES MEDIALIS:
a. FOSSA PTERYGOIDEA:
- m. pterygoideus medialis
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-13.html
For.
mandibularis
MANDIBULA
RAMUS MANDIBULAE:
ANGULUS MANDIBULAE:
- ventral border of the body and vertical border of the ramus meet at the angulus
MANDIBULA
RAMUS MANDIBULAE:
ANGULUS MANDIBULAE:
RAMUS MANDIBULAE:
ANGULUS MANDIBULAE:
TUBEROSITAS M. STRENOMANDIBULARIS:
- in eq
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
http://vanat.ahc.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab08/Img8-10.html
MANDIBULA
RAMUS MANDIBULAE:
PROCESSUS CONDYLARIS:
a. COLLUM MANDIBULAE
b. CAPUT MANDIBULARE
Collum
mandibulae
MANDIBULA
RAMUS MANDIBULAE:
PROCESSUS CONDYLARIS:
http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/sites/default/files/asset_6344_pot222.jpg
RAMUS MANDIBULAE:
PROCESSUS CORONOIDEUS:
INCISURA MANDIBULAE:
https://www.equisens.es/montar-a-caballo/la-importancia-de-la-lengua-en-un-caballo-conectado/
APPARATUS HYOIDEUS
HYOID BONE (OS HYOIDEUM)
PARTS OF THE HYOID IN NARROW SENSE:
http://www.downloads.imune.net/
medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anato
my%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
APPARATUS HYOIDEUS
HYOID BONE (OS HYOIDEUM)
PARTS OF THE HYOID IN NARROW SENSE:
bears:
a. PROCESSUS LINGUALIS
http://vanat.ahc.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-8.html
APPARATUS HYOIDEUS
HYOID BONE (OS HYOIDEUM)
THYROHYOIDEUM :
A, Superior or Long Cornu of 0s Hyoides. B, Inferior or Short
- directed caudally Cornu. C, Thyroid or Heel-like Process. D, Spur Process.
E, Epiglottis. F, Glottis. G, Cricoid Cartilage. H, Thyroid
Cartilage. I, First Ring of Trachea. J, Arytaenoid Cartilage.
- projects towards the thyroid cartilage
https://chestofbooks.com/animals/horses/Health-Disease-
- In Ru, eq fuses with the basihyoid Treatment-2/Inferior-Maxillary-Bone-Or-Lower-Jaw.html
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Plastinated-anatomical-preparation-of-the-
hyoid-bone-from-an-adult-dog-a-tympanohyoid_fig1_307122393
APPARATUS HYOIDEUS
HYOID BONE (OS HYOIDEUM)
PARTS OF THE HYOID IN NARROW SENSE:
CERATOHYOIDEUM :
- paired
http://vanat.ahc.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-8.html
APPARATUS HYOIDEUS
HYOID BONE (OS HYOIDEUM)
SUSPENSORY APPARATUS:
https://vetphysiophyle.wordpress.com/201
9/02/05/the-equine-hyoid-apparatus/
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Skull-of-Bos-taurus-with-the-
hyoid-apparatus-B-Areas-of-origin-and-insertion-of-the_fig4_45801341
https://murdochmethod.com/no-109-release-tongue-tension/
APPARATUS HYOIDEUS
HYOID BONE (OS HYOIDEUM)
1. TYMPANOHYOIDEUM
2. STYLOHYOIDEUM
3. EPIHYOIDEUM
http://vanat.ahc.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab20/Img20-8.html
APPARATUS HYOIDEUS
HYOID BONE (OS HYOIDEUM)
PARTS OF THE SUSPENSORY APPARATUS:
TYMPANOHYOIDEUM:
- proximal part
- short
- in Ru, eq cartilaginous
http://www.downloads.imune.net
/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Ana
tomy%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
APPARATUS HYOIDEUS
HYOID BONE (OS HYOIDEUM)
STYLOHYOIDEUM:
- middle part
http://www.downloads.imune.net
/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Ana
tomy%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
APPARATUS HYOIDEUS
HYOID BONE (OS HYOIDEUM)
PARTS OF THE SUSPENSORY APPARATUS:
EPIHYOIDEUM:
- distal part
http://www.downloads.imune.net
/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Ana
tomy%201.%20Lesson%2007.pdf
CAVUM CRANII
lodges:
a. the brain
b. the meninges
c. blood vessels
http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/sites/default/files/asset_6344_pot222.jpg
CAVUM CRANII
b. NASAL WALL
c. NUCHAL WALL
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-1.html
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-3.html
CALVARIA
formed by the:
consists of:
1. SINUS FRONTALIS
3. IMPRESSIONES DIGITATE
4. JUGA CEREBRALIA
7. CRISTA GALLI in eq
formed by the:
c. Processus paracondylaris
d. Canalis n. hypoglossi
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-1.html
NASAL WALL OF THE CRANIUM
formed by the:
3. FRONTAL BONE
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5184921/
NUCHAL WALL OF THE CRANIUM
formed by the:
1. OCCIPITAL BONE
a. FORAMEN MAGNUM
CAVUM CRANII
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
CAVUM CRANII
a. Sulcus chiasmatis
b. Canalis opticus
CAVUM CRANII
a. Sella turcica
b. Fossa hypophysealis
c. Dorsum sellae
e. Fissura orbitorotundum – Ru
g. Formen rotundum – ca
h. Fossa piriformis
CAVUM CRANII
excavated :
a. Impressio pontina
b. Impressio medullaris
c. Fissura petroocipitalis
d. Foramen jugulare
e. Foramen lacerum – eq
h. Foramen spinosum - ca
CAVUM CRANII
1. ORBITA
2. CAVUM NASI
3. CAVUM ORIS
4. EAR (AURIS)
bo
5. SINUS PARANASALES
http://raab.moovr.fr/cow-skull-diagram.html
ca eq
http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=493.172 https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2017/09/28/b
ridle-fit-important-horse-saddle-fitting/
BONY ORBIT
a. Lacrimal bone
b. Zygomatic bone
c. Frontal bone
- Margo supraorbitalis
- Margo infraorbitalis
- Ligamentum orbitale in ca
- Fossa lacrimalis
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orbita_hund.jpg
BONY ORBIT
a. Frontal bone
b. Lacrimal bone
2. Foramen lacrimale
3. Bulla lacrimalis in Ru
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orbita_hund.jpg
CAVUM NASI (NASAL CAVITY)
- Nasal bones
- Incisive bones
- Maxillae
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-3.html
CAVUM NASI
(NASAL CAVITY)
SEPTUM NASI:
http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/sites/default/files/o
riginal_media/document/asset_8862_REG.E.1all.pdf
CAVUM NASI (NASAL CAVITY)
FUNDUS NASI:
MEATUS NASOPHARYNGEUS:
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
CAVUM NASI (NASAL CAVITY)
1. Nasal bones
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-1.html
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-2.html
CAVUM NASI (NASAL CAVITY)
- Maxilla
- Lacrimal bone
- Zygomatic bone
- Incisive bone
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-11.html
CAVUM NASI (NASAL CAVITY)
CONCHAL BONES:
- project into the nasal cavity from the roof and lateral walls
a. Endoturbinate I
b. Endoturbinate II
d. Ectoturbinates
https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ebooks/pdf/10.1055/b-0034-36154.pdf
CAVUM NASI (NASAL CAVITY)
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-12.html
CAVUM NASI (NASAL CAVITY)
- Frontal bone
http://www.downloads.imune.net/medicalbooks/IMUNE/INVIO/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
CAVUM NASI (NASAL CAVITY)
CHOANAE (exit of the nasal cavity) formed by:
- Meatus nasopharyngeus – opens into the nasopharynx into the nasal cavity
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-3.html
CAVUM NASI (NASAL CAVITY)
- Pterygoid bone
- Vomer
- Body of presphenoid
The choanae (internal nostrils) of a cat,
indicated by the dashed lines and
bounded by the vomer (blue gray) and
the palatine bone (orange)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choana
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-3.html
SINUS PARANASALES
1. SINUS MAXILLARIS
2. SINUS FRONTALIS
3. SINUS PALATINUS
4. SIUS SPHENOIDALIS
5. SINUS LACRIMALIS
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/I
mg18-9.html
file:///C:/Users/Hei0002/Desktop/cranium/Anatomy%201.%20Lesson%2006.pdf
SINUS PARANASALES
SINUS MAXILLARIS:
- eq, Ru
a. Maxilla
b. Lacrimal bone
c. Palatine bone
SINUS PARANASALES
SINUS MAXILLARIS:
1. in Ru:
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html
SINUS PARANASALES
SINUS MAXILLARIS:
2. In eq:
RECESSUS MAXILLARIS:
• In ca
http://bvetmed1.blogspot.com/2013/02/mastication-and-sinuses-lecture-134.html
SINUS
PARANASALES
SINUS FRONTALIS:
in eq:
http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/sites/default/files/original_media/document/asset_8862_REG.E.1all.pdf
https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ebooks/pdf/10.1055/b-0034-36154.pdf
SINUS PARANASALES
SINUS FRONTALIS:
in ox:
• extends caudally through the parietal, interparietal bones into the occipital bones
• in horn – carrying ruminants extends into the cornual process of the frontal bone
b) Lamellae intrasinuales
http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/ungDissect/Lab18/Img18-9.html
SINUS PARANASALES
SINUS PALATINUS:
- absent in ca
in eq:
http://www.equinedental.eu/uploads/documents/FOCUSonDENTISTRYPROCEEDINGS.pdf
SINUS PARANASALES
SINUS PALATINUS:
in Ru:
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/paranasal-sinuses/deck/2449519
SINUS PARANASALES
SINUS SPHENOIDALIS:
http://www.equinedental.eu/uploads/documents/FOCUSonDENTISTRYPROCEEDINGS.pdf
SINUS
PARANASALES
SINUS CONCHAE DORSALIS:
- absent in ca
in eq:
http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/sites/default/files/original_media/document/asset_8862_REG.E.1all.pdf
SINUS
PARANASALES
- in ox, eq
The medial aspect of the left side of an equine head following excision
- located into the caudal part of the ventral nasal conchal bone of the nasal septum and the medial wall of spiral lamellae of both nasal
conchae, illustrating the dorsal conchal sinus (DCS), ventral conchal
sinus (VCS), dorsal conchal bulla (DCB) and ventral conchal bulla (VCB)
- in eq connected laterally with the rostral maxillary sinus
https://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/content/177/21/542
http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/sites/default/files/original_media/document/asset_8862_REG.E.1all.pdf
BIBLIOGRAPHIE
1. R. Nickel, A. Shummer, E. Steiferle: Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haustiere Band III., 2.
Auflage
2. Klaus-Dieter Budras, Patrick H. McCarthy , Wolfgang Fricke : Renate Richter Anatomy of the
Dog, 5th revised Edition
3. Klaus-Dieter Budras , W.O.Sack, Sabine Röck : Anatomy of the Horse 5th revised Edition