MEE403-ICE Solution -HWK Chapter 5 N.

Zakhia – LAU – SOE – IME Department

Problem 1.
In a SI fuel-air cycle, 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 = 9, 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 = 0.15, 𝑝𝑝1 = 2 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏, for isentropic compression process, assume 𝜑𝜑 = 1.1
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
where the compression work is 𝑤𝑤1→2 = 365 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
. The fuel is liquid octane. At the end of the isentropic
compression, 𝑢𝑢2 = −52.7 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 and 𝑣𝑣2 = 0.0687 𝑚𝑚3 ⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. For burned gases, assume 𝜑𝜑 = 1.2. Find:
a) The imep and ηf,ig
b) Use the result obtained in (a) to estimate xr and T1 at the start of the next compression stroke. Take
p2 = 1 bar, Tr = 1800 K. assume negligible pumping work.
Answer:
Given: liquid octane, 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 = 9, 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 = 0.15, 𝑝𝑝1 = 2 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏, 𝜑𝜑 = 1.1, 𝑤𝑤1→2 = 365 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚3
𝑢𝑢2 = −52.7 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑣𝑣2 = 0.0687 , for burned gases (𝜑𝜑 = 1.2)
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1. Isentropic compression stroke (1 → 2): unburned gases
𝑣𝑣
𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 = 𝑣𝑣1 = 9 → 𝑣𝑣1 = 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 𝑣𝑣2 = 9 × 0.0687 = 0.6183 𝑚𝑚3 /𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2

𝑇𝑇1 =? From ideal gas equation 𝑝𝑝1 𝑣𝑣1 = 𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑢 𝑅𝑅� 𝑇𝑇1 where from table 4.6 → 𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑢 𝑅𝑅� = 292. Thus,
𝑝𝑝1 𝑣𝑣1 �2×1.013×103 �×0.6183
𝑇𝑇1 = = = 426 𝐾𝐾
𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑢 𝑅𝑅� 292

𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠1 =? From figure 4.3 → 𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠1 = 115 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑇𝑇2 =? From figure 4.4 → 𝜓𝜓1 = 325 𝐽𝐽⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
1 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙1
𝜓𝜓2 = 𝜓𝜓1 − 𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑢 𝑅𝑅� 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 �𝑟𝑟 � = 325 − 292 9 = 966.5 𝐽𝐽⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 → 𝑇𝑇2 ≈ 820 𝐾𝐾
𝑐𝑐

Or: 𝑇𝑇2 can also be found from 𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠2 as 𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠2 = 𝑢𝑢2 − Δ𝑢𝑢𝑓𝑓0 where
0
At 𝜑𝜑 = 1.2 → 𝛥𝛥𝑢𝑢𝑓𝑓,𝑢𝑢 = −141.9 − 2769𝑥𝑥𝑏𝑏 = −141.9 − 2769 × 0.15 = −557.25 𝐽𝐽⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 →

𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠2 = −52.7 − (−557.25) = 505 𝐽𝐽⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎. From figure 4.3 → 𝑇𝑇2 ≈ 825 𝐾𝐾
𝑇𝑇 𝑣𝑣 825
𝑝𝑝2 =? 𝑝𝑝2 = 𝑝𝑝1 �𝑇𝑇2� �𝑣𝑣1� = 2 �426� (9) = 34.86 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 3.486 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
1 2

2. Constant volume combustion (burned gases):

𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 = 𝑇𝑇2 = 825 𝐾𝐾, 𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠,𝑢𝑢 = 𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠,2 = 505 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑝𝑝2 = 𝑝𝑝4 = 3.486 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝑣𝑣𝑢𝑢 = 𝑣𝑣2 = 𝑣𝑣3 = 0.0687 𝑚𝑚3 /𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
0
also 𝛥𝛥𝑢𝑢𝑓𝑓,𝑢𝑢 = −141.9 − 2769𝑥𝑥𝑏𝑏 = −557.25 𝐽𝐽⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢2 = 𝑢𝑢𝑏𝑏3 = −52.7 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Thus, using figure 4.9, for burned gases with 𝜑𝜑 = 1.2: @ 𝑢𝑢𝑏𝑏3 = −52.7 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 & 𝑣𝑣3 = 0.0687 𝑚𝑚3 /𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘,
read 𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏 = 𝑇𝑇3 = 2850 𝐾𝐾, 𝑝𝑝𝑏𝑏 = 𝑝𝑝3 = 13000 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑎𝑎 = 13.0 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, and 𝑠𝑠3 = 9.45 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝐾𝐾
3. Expansion or power stroke: 𝑣𝑣4 =?
𝑠𝑠4 = 𝑠𝑠3 & 𝑣𝑣4 = 𝑣𝑣1 → from figure 4.9: 𝑝𝑝4 = 1000 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑇𝑇4 = 1750 𝐾𝐾, and 𝑢𝑢4 = −1500 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑊𝑊𝐸𝐸 = 𝑊𝑊3→4 = −(𝑢𝑢4 − 𝑢𝑢3 ) = −�−1500 − (−52.7)� = 1552.7 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑊𝑊 +𝑊𝑊𝑐𝑐
a) The fuel efficiency is: 𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑚𝑚 𝐸𝐸𝑄𝑄 where 𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑓 = 0.0661 × (1 − 0.15) = 0.056185
𝑓𝑓 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿

1552.7+365
𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.056185×44.4×103 = 0.77
𝑊𝑊𝐸𝐸 +𝑊𝑊𝑐𝑐 1552.7+365
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = = = 3489.3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑 0.5496

c) Use the result obtained in (a) to estimate 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 and 𝑇𝑇1 at the start of the next compression stroke.
Take 𝑝𝑝2 = 1 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏, 𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 = 𝑇𝑇2 = 1800 𝐾𝐾. Assume negligible pumping work. Use figure 4.9.
 𝛾𝛾−1 −1
𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟 𝑝𝑝1 𝑝𝑝1 𝛾𝛾 𝛾𝛾−1
𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 = �1 + 𝑇𝑇 �𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 �𝑝𝑝 � − �𝑝𝑝 � �� where 𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟 = 1400 𝐾𝐾 and 𝛾𝛾
= 0.24
1 2 2
𝑃𝑃 2
𝑇𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟 × 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 × 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 × �𝑃𝑃1 � = 1400 × 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 × 9 × �1�
2
1 𝑇𝑇 −𝑇𝑇
Or, since 𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 is computed already, then use 𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖 = 1 − 𝑟𝑟 𝛾𝛾−1 = 1 − 𝑇𝑇4 −𝑇𝑇1 → solve for 𝑇𝑇1 :
𝑐𝑐 3 2
𝑇𝑇1 = (𝑇𝑇3 − 𝑇𝑇2 )�𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖 − 1� + 𝑇𝑇4 = (2850 − 825)(0.77 − 1) + 1750 = 1284.25 𝐾𝐾
−1
1400 1 0.24
𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 = �1 + 1284.25 �9 × 9 − �9� �� = 0.0113 ← This is your first estimate. Redo your calculation of

part (a) then recompute 𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖 . If values match, then stop. If not, you need another iteration using a new
guess of 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 which can be found from one of the expressions of 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 .

Problem 2.
A throttled constant-volume fuel-air cycle has the following properties: 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 = 1 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 = 300 𝑘𝑘,
𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 = 0.6 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, 𝜑𝜑 = 1.0. Given 𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖 = 48% with isooctane as fuel. Determine 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 . Perform only one cycle
calculation.
Solution:
This is a trial-and-error case since 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 , 𝑇𝑇1 , & 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 are all unknown. Therefore, we first need to estimate 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 & 𝑇𝑇1
using:
𝛾𝛾−1 −1
𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 𝛾𝛾 𝛾𝛾−1
𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 = �1 + 𝑇𝑇 �𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 �𝑝𝑝 � − �𝑝𝑝 � �� where 𝛾𝛾
= 0.24 → 𝛾𝛾 = 1.316 .
𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒

𝑃𝑃
𝑇𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟 × 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 × 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 × �𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 �
𝑒𝑒
1
Since 𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖 is known, 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 can be found from 𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖 = 1 − 𝛾𝛾−1 → 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 = 6.63. Thus, with 𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟 = 1400 𝐾𝐾:
𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐
−1
1400 0.6 0.6 0.24
𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 = �1 + 300
�6.63 � 1 � − � 1 � �� = 0.0648
As a 1st estimate
0.6
𝑇𝑇1 = 1400 × 0.0648 × 6.63 × � 1 � = 361
Our aim is to compute 𝑊𝑊𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = (𝑢𝑢3 − 𝑢𝑢4 ) − (𝑢𝑢2 − 𝑢𝑢1 ) in order to evaluate 𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖 and compare it with that
given (𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖 = 45%). If it is close enough, then the estimated 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 is correct. If not, another iteration is needed.
Note that for a throttled-volume isooctane, 𝑄𝑄𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 44.4 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘.
Compression (unburned):
From figure 4.3 → 𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠1 ≈ 50 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. From table 4.6 with 𝜑𝜑 = 1.0 → 𝑛𝑛 = 0.0351 + 0.00203𝑥𝑥𝑏𝑏 = 0.03523
𝑣𝑣1 𝑛𝑛𝑅𝑅� 𝑇𝑇1 0.03523×8.324×361 1.74
𝑣𝑣2 = where 𝑣𝑣1 = = = 1.74 𝑚𝑚3 /𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 → 𝑣𝑣2 = 6.63 = 0.2624 𝑚𝑚3 /𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 𝑝𝑝1 0.6×101.3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑇𝑇2 =? 𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠2 =? 𝑝𝑝2 =?

For an isentropic compression, from figure 4.4 → 𝜓𝜓1 (𝑇𝑇1 = 361𝐾𝐾) ≈ 180. Hence,
𝑣𝑣 1
𝜓𝜓2 (𝑇𝑇2 ) = 𝜓𝜓1 (𝑇𝑇1 ) − 𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑢 𝑅𝑅� ln 𝑣𝑣2 = 180 − 292 ln �6.63� = 732 → read from fig 4.4, 𝑇𝑇2 ≈ 655 𝐾𝐾
1

𝑝𝑝 𝑣𝑣 𝑇𝑇 655
From Fig. 4.3, @ 𝑇𝑇2 ≈ 655 𝐾𝐾 → 𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠2 ≈ 310 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. Also, 𝑝𝑝2 = �𝑣𝑣1 � �𝑇𝑇2 � = 6.63 �361� = 12.03
1 2 1

Combustion (burned):
This is a SI engine. So, from Eq. 𝑢𝑢𝑏𝑏3 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢2 = 𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠2 + Δ𝑢𝑢𝑓𝑓0 where from conservation of energy 𝑢𝑢𝑏𝑏3 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢2 , and
Δ𝑢𝑢𝑓𝑓0 = −118.2 − 1956𝑥𝑥𝑏𝑏 . Hence, 𝑢𝑢𝑏𝑏3 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢2 = 310 + (−118.2 − 1956𝑥𝑥𝑏𝑏 ) = 0.2512 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
From Fig. 4.8, for 𝑣𝑣3 = 𝑣𝑣2 = 0.2624 & 𝑢𝑢3 = 0.2516 → 𝑇𝑇3 ≈ 2800 𝐾𝐾 and 𝑝𝑝3 = 3100 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘.
Power stroke (burned): isentropic expansion → 𝑠𝑠4 = 𝑠𝑠3 .
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
From Fig. 4.8, @ 𝑠𝑠4 = 𝑠𝑠3 & 𝑣𝑣4 = 𝑣𝑣1 = 1.74 → read 𝑢𝑢4 = −1300 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑇𝑇4 = 2100 𝐾𝐾, 𝑝𝑝4 = 300 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

For state 5, the residual gas state, the gas expands isentropically to 𝑝𝑝5 = 101.3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 to obtain:
𝑇𝑇5 = 𝑇𝑇6 = 1600 𝐾𝐾 and 𝑣𝑣5 ≈ 4.0 𝑚𝑚3 /𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Hence: 𝑊𝑊𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = (𝑢𝑢3 − 𝑢𝑢4 ) − (𝑢𝑢2 − 𝑢𝑢1 ) = (0.2512 + 1300) − (310 − 50) = 1,040.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑊𝑊𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 1040.25
𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖 = (1−𝑥𝑥 = (1−0.0648)(0.0662)(44.2×103 ) = 0.38 = 38% ← low. Thus, another iteration is
𝑟𝑟 )(𝐹𝐹/𝐴𝐴)𝑠𝑠 𝑄𝑄𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿

𝑣𝑣 0.2624
needed. A possible 2nd iteration can be assumed as 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 = 2 = = 0.0656. however, we cannot
𝑣𝑣 5 4

compare 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 since its value was at first estimated.

Problem 3.
A constant-pressure (diesel) fuel-air cycle has the following properties:
𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖
𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 = 20, = 0.8, 𝜑𝜑 = 0.4, 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 = 300 𝐾𝐾, 𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒 = 1𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, fuel is liquid isooctane
𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒
Determine the gross indicated fuel conversion efficiency and the net 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖. Take initial estimate for 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 and
𝑇𝑇1 (a single cycle calculation is sufficient). Use air tables (App. D) for the isentropic compression process.
Solution:
𝛾𝛾−1 −1
𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 𝛾𝛾 𝛾𝛾−1
As initial estimate, use 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 = �1 + 𝑇𝑇 �𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 �𝑝𝑝 � − �𝑝𝑝 � �� with 𝛾𝛾
= 0.24 and 𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟 = 1400 𝐾𝐾
𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒

𝑃𝑃
𝑇𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟 × 𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 × 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 × �𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 �. Hence:
𝑒𝑒

1400 −1
𝑥𝑥𝑟𝑟 = �1 + [20(0.8) − (0.8)0.24 ]� = 0.014
300

𝑇𝑇1 = 1400 × 20 × 0.014 × 0.8 = 314 𝐾𝐾

From App. D: @ 𝑇𝑇1 = 314 𝐾𝐾 → 𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟1 = 86.68, 𝑣𝑣1 = 1054 & 𝑢𝑢1 = 384 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑣𝑣1 1054
𝑣𝑣2 = = = 52.7 → 𝑇𝑇2 = 968 𝐾𝐾 & 𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟2 = 5288.
𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 20

𝑝𝑝 5288
Hence, 𝑝𝑝2 = �𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟2 � 𝑝𝑝1 = �86.68� 0.8 = 48.8 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 → 𝑢𝑢2 = 891 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑟𝑟1

0 0
ℎ3 = ℎ𝑠𝑠2 + ∆ℎ𝑓𝑓,𝑢𝑢 where from Fig. 4.10 → ℎ𝑠𝑠2 = 775 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 & ∆ℎ𝑓𝑓,𝑢𝑢 = −51.9 − 1181(0.014) = −68.43
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
ℎ3 = 707 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. Also, 𝑝𝑝3 = 𝑝𝑝2 = 48.8(101.3) = 4943 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 → 𝑢𝑢3 = 210 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 & 𝑇𝑇3 = 1920𝐾𝐾

289×314 𝑚𝑚3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Isentropic expansion to 𝑣𝑣4 = 𝑣𝑣1 = 0.8×101.3×103 = 1.12 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 → 𝑇𝑇4 ≈ 980 𝐾𝐾, 𝑝𝑝4 ≈ 200 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝑢𝑢4 = −780 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑤𝑤𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = (𝑢𝑢3 − 𝑢𝑢4 ) + (𝑢𝑢1 − 𝑢𝑢2 ) = 483 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑊𝑊𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 483
𝜂𝜂𝑓𝑓,𝑖𝑖 = (1−𝑥𝑥 = (1−0.014)(0.0661)(0.4)(44.3×103) = 0.418 = 41.8%
𝑟𝑟 )(𝐹𝐹/𝐴𝐴)𝑠𝑠 𝑄𝑄𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿

𝑤𝑤𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑤𝑤𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 483

𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = = 1 = 1 = 434 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣1 �1− � 1.12�1− �
𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 20
Problem 4.
A throttled constant-volume fuel-air cycle (fig 5.2d) has the following properties:
𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑒 = 1𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 = 0.34 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 m, 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 = 300 𝐾𝐾, 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐 = 10, 𝜑𝜑 = 1.2
Calculate the indicate fuel conversion efficiency using 44.44 MJ/kg as the lower heating value of the
isooctane fuel. Perform only one cycle calculation.
Solution:
Similar to problem 2. Do it on your own.