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CS411 IMPORTANT TOPIC

Write Basic Touch events. Lecture No 22
Let’s Revise Grid (GRID) Lecture No 20
Dock panel Button Lecture No 19
List Box Lecture No 17
Write the Code of Button in XML Lecture No 13
Write a Name Windows Form Lecture No 8
Delegating Lecture No 8
Feature of C# Lecture 4

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graphical user interfaces and the event-driven model as applied to desktop. The pre-requisites are C++
programming and data structures

So what is an event? It’s an occurrence within a particular system or domain. There are two meanings:
something that happened and the corresponding detection in computer world. An event captures
“some” things from the actual occurrence and multiple events may capture “one” occurrence.
Probabilistic events may or may not relate to an actual occurrence e.g. A fraud detection event on a
banking transaction. Every event is represented by an event-object. There are various types of events
and information in the event describes details of the particular event type. E.g. Key press, file event etc.

Events are based on the principle of decoupling Events have already happened whereas requests are
asking something to happen. r. In event-driven architecture event producer sends event to event
consumer. A customer order can be represented as an event or a request: what are the benefits of each
approach? Event-based programming, also called event-driven architecture (EDA) is an architectural
style in which one or more components in a software system execute in response to receiving one or
more event notifications. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is built from request-response. It moves
away from monolithic applications.
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EVENT STREAM A stream in which all the events must be of the same type is called a homogeneous
event streamt. Each attribute has a name and a data type.

Clean room design (also known as the Chinese wall technique) is the method of copying a design by
reverse engineerin,. The initial name was “Cool”, which stood for “C-like Object Oriented Language”

Here are some notable features of C#.

• No global variables or functions

. • Locals cannot shadow global variables

. • There is a strict boolean type.

• Memory address pointers can only be used in specifically marked “unsafe” blocks and require
permissions

• No instruction to “free” memory. Only garbage collection.

• Try-finally block

The common type system of C# has value types and reference types . default value (int, float, char,
System.datetime, enum, struct) Not “always” possible to create an instance of a reference type.

piler expects to have available. In practice, C# is most often used with some implementation of the
Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), which is standardized as ECMA-335 Common Language
Infrastructure (CLI).
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jagged arrays or multi-dimensional arrays. Jagged is basically array of arrays. Array size is any integer
type value. It uses a zero-based index.
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Calling this namespace from within testnamespace we use “tutorial.” Using theexample =
testnamespace.tutorial.myexample.

Multiple classes are conventionally stored in multiple files. To create a new class in IDE, use the new
class wizard. Multiple .cs files can be compiled as csc a.cs b.cs c.cs. Default ctors are written with no
arguments when no ctor is written. An initializer list can be used to use an alternate constructor. Public
outputclass() : this("Default Constructor String") { } Multiple ctors can be written. Types of class
members in C# are instance and static

Static ctor exists to initialize class static members. Its called only once. It has no parameters. Destructors
(dtors) are called by garbage collector.

Cast back to base type to call an overridden method of base.

Auto-implemented properties improve the common-case we saw. Here is the same example using
auotimplemented properties. Properties have the same idea as getters and setters.

An indexer enables your class to be treated like an array. However you have your internal data
representation not an actual array. Its implemented using “this” keyword and square brackets syntax

Our next topic is a “struct”. Its a value-type, whereas class is a reference-type. Value types hold their
value in memory where they are declared Structs cant have destructors, cant have implementation
inheritance. Syntax of struct and class are very similar. They are inherited by classes which provide the
real implementation. So, what are interfaces good for if they don’t implement functionality? They are
great for putting together plug-n-play like architectures. Interfaces define a contract. A delegate is a
reference to a method. Its like function pointers in some other languages. Methods are algorithms that
operate on data. A C# event is a class member that is activated whenever the event it was designed for
occurs (fires). At the time an event fires, methods registered with the event will be invoked. Events and
delegates work hand in hand. Any class, including the same class that the event is declared in, may
register one of its methods with the event. Form, which essen-tially makes it a Windows Form. This
automatically gives you all the functionality of a Windows Form, including Title.Bar,
Minimize/Maximize/Close buttons, System Menu, and Borders. It is started by calling the Run() method
of the static Application object with a reference to the form object as its parameter

They have a message property, contain a stacktrace, a tostring method. Identifying the exceptions you’ll
need to handle depends on the routine . Attributes add declarative information to your programs. They
are declared with square brackets, “[” and “]” surrounding the attribute such as “ [obsoleteattribute]”.
The ”Attribute” part of the attribute name is optional i.e. “[Obsolete]” is correct as well.

Stathread is a common attribute you will see later. It stands for Single Threaded Apartment model which
is used for communicating with unmanaged COM. Attribute parameters can be either positional
parameters or named parameters.
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Overloaded operators must be static.

Breakpoints allow stopping the program during execution. Press F5 and execution will stop at
breakpoint. s XML. XML or extensible Markup Language is widely used for exchanging data. Its readable
for both humans and machines. Its a stricter version of HTML. There are two methods to read XML
document. Using xmldocument and xmlreader. Xmldocuments reads entire document in memory, Let’s
you go forward, backward, even apply xpath searches on it. Xmlreader is fast, uses less memory and
provides one element at a time.

xmlnode is derived from xmlelement and contains Name, innertext, innerxml, outerxml, and Attributes.
Xpath is a cross-platform Xml Query language. We will look at basic examples only. We will see
xmldocument methods that take xpath queries and return xmlnode(s) in particular selectsinglenode and
selectnodes. We will use the RSS feed from CNN.

Chapter:12

Application Markup Language (XAML; pronounced “Zammel”).

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XAML is primarily used to describe interfaces in WPF and Silverlight. workflow foundation (WF) and
windows communication foundation (WCF). Field experts are graphic designers. They can use a design
tool such as expression blend. Other than co-ordinating with designers, XAML is good for a concise way
to represent UI or hierarchies.

XAML can no longer run standalone in the browser becuase of the butto click method — event handlers
are attached before properties are set. in XAML must specify at least one XML namespace.
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WPF provides type converters for many common data types: Brush, Color, fontweight, Point, and so on.

You can also write your own type converters for custom data types

XAML enables you to add items to the two main types of collections that support indexing: lists and
dictionaries.

Otherwise, if the child is plain text and a type converter exists to transform the child into the
parent type (and no properties are set on the parent element), treat the child as the input to
the type converter and use the output as the parent object instance
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Xaml good for UI because of hierarchical nature. Logical tree exists even if there is no xaml.

Chapter:16

Dependency properties are represented by System.Windows.dependencyproperty. Visual

Studio has a snippet called propdp.

Chapter:17

Children tell their size to parents. . Min=0 and max=Infinity by default. Nan, Auto, Double.isnan
mean size to content. Read only properties desiredsize, rendersize, actualheight, actualwidth.
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They are useful to act programatically on final size. Margin is extra space “outside” and padding
is “inside” edges of the element.

The lengthconverter type converter associated with the various length properties supports
specifying explicit units of cm, pt, in, or px (the default). Default are device independent pixels.
These logical pixels are 1/96 in regardless of screen DPI setting. They are always stored as
“double”. A typical display is 96 DPI.

Transforms are from the base class System.Windows.Media.Transform.

Chapter:18

Matrix Transform has a single Matrix property (of type System.Windows.Media.Matrix)

5 main builtin panels in System.Windows.Controls: Canvas, stackpanel, wrappanel, dockpanel,

and Grid.
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Sharedsizegroup enables multiple row cols to remain the same width height when length
changed via gridsplitter.

Content overflow can be dealt with Clipping, Scrolling, Scaling, Wrapping and Trimming.
Wrapping already seen. Only way for non-text to wrap is using wrappanel. Trimming is
intelligent form of clipping.

System.Windows.Controls.Viewbox, a type of class called Decorator (also Border). A panel-like

thing but has only one child. Stretches to fill available space by default but also Stretch=None
(like not using it at all), Fill, Uniform (aspect ratio, default), uniformtofill (cropped)
strechdirection=uponly, downonly, Both (default).

Routing Strategies include Tunneling: from root down to source or until marked handled,
Bubbling: from source to root or until marked handled, and Direct: only on source just like .net
events but still participate in routed event specific things like event triggers.

There aer many keyboard, mouse, multi-touch, and stylus events. Most are bubbling events but
many have a tunneling counterpart. By convention tunneling event names are prefixed with
Preview and come just before the bubbling event comes.

Basic touch events are touchenter and touchleave, touchmove and previewtouchmove,
touchdown, touchup, previewtouchdown and previewtouchu, gottouchcapture and
losttouchcapture. With multiple fingers, events raised for each finger separately. For first finger
mouse events are generated as well. Toucheventargs has gettouchpoint,
getintermediatetouchpoints, touchdevice. Touchpoint has Position, Size, Bounds, touchdevice,
Action (Down, Up, Move). Each finger has its own touchdevice identified by Id porp.
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