Superb sentences, facts and figures idioms, proverbs, words

*****Committee recommendations
Use recent examples from your knowledge - Reservoir of it

THINK OF PRESSING ISSUE AND LINK WITH SYLLABUS ...e.g.

Tribals
Land
Minerals
Education
Health
Women
Minorities
NE
Dalit
SHG
NGO
Centre-State
President
Governor
CM
Election
......etc
POLITY

Reservation related:
Justice G. Rohini in 2017 under Article 340:

Electoral reforms: Criminalization of Politics

A P Shah
Dinesh Goswami Committee
The Santhanam Committee Report 1963
Padmanabhaiah Committee on Police Reforms

Non personal data:Privacy

Kris Gopalakrishnan headed committee

ECONOMY

Issues with strategic disinvestment:

 Rangarajan Committee 1993 report

Banking sector:
R Gandhi Committee for co operative banking
Madhava Rao Committee

Logistics:
Bibek Debroy Committee in 2015
Prakash Tandon Committee (1994),

Capital account convertibility:

Tarapore Committee

SECURITY

Border security:
Madhukar Gupta Committee on border protection
Shekatkar Committee:

PAPER 1

01. Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee for National Education Policy

.....

02. TSR Subramanian Committee on New Education Policy

RECOMMENDATIONS:
• An Indian Education Service (IES) should be established as an all India.

01. Virginius XAXA Committee on Condition of Tribals

l. Land Acquisition:
• Prevent all kinds of tribal land alienation
• Gram Sabha’s consent compulsory for any type of land acquisition
• Promote small sized water-harvesting structures instead for large dams.
• Impose penalties on officials, if delayed implementation of Forest Rights Act or PESA.
II. Mining in tribal areas
• In Scheduled Areas, only permit tribals to exploit mineral resources.
III. Linkage with Extremism
 • There is no legal basis for terming anything a “Naxal offence”.
• Appoint a judicial commission to investigate such “naxal cases” registered against tribals
and their (non-tribal) supporters.
IV: Education
• Schemes like Ashram School, Eklavya Model School and Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya
should be promoted at large scale.
• Tribal Chair should be established by the UGC in Universities of every State comprising Fifth
Schedule Areas
• Regional Resource Centres in States with significant tribal populations should be
established to provide training, academic and other technical support.
V: Health:
• Separate Medical Colleges for Tribal Areas - in selected scheduled districts(one college per
three million Scheduled Tribe population in the state)
• Constitution of Tribal Health Assembly, Tribal Health Councils, and Tribes Advisory councils

02. Rajiv Gauba Committee

Key lines about committee: To effectively deal with incidents of mob violence and lynching.
• Social media platforms– Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube and Twitter – need to act in ‘time-
bound’ manner against fake posts and made accountable for not blocking malicious posts and
videos when brought to their notice.
• Appoint an officer in each district at the level of Superintendent of Police
• set up a special task force to gather intelligence

03. Justice Verma Committee

To recommend amendments to the Criminal Law so as to provide for quicker trial and enhanced
punishment for criminals accused of committing sexual assault against women.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• The exception to marital rapeunder IPC should be removed.
• The offence of sexual assault should be defined so as to include all forms of nonconsensual
non-penetrative touching of a sexual nature.
• The central and state government should create a corpus to compensate victims of crimes
against women.
• A Rape Crisis Cell should be set up. The Cell must provide legal assistance to the victim.

04. Sachar Committee Report

To prepare a report on the social, economic and educational status of the Muslim community of
India.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• Set up an Equal Opportunity Commission to look into grievances of deprived groups like
 minorities.
• Create a nomination procedure to increase participation of minorities in public bodies.
• Increase employment share of Muslims, particularly where there is great deal of public
dealing. Work out mechanisms to link madarsas with higher secondary school board.
• Recognise degrees from madarsas for eligibility in defence, civil and banking examinations.

05. Bezbaruah Committee

To look into the various concerns of the citizens hailing from the North Eastern States and
suggest measures
RECOMMENDATIONS:
I. Policing:
• Delhi police should recruit 20 police personnel, (10 male – 10 female) each from North
East States.
• Police exchange programme has been approved between NE states and metropolitan
cities including Delhi.
• North East Special Unit at New Delhi should be activated to address the grievances of
the NE people
II. Maintenance of law and order:
• The Delhi Government should provide compensation and monetary assistance to the
NE people under Delhi Victim Compensation Scheme 2011.
• creation of fast-track courts for handling the cases relating to the North East people
III. New law against discrimination:
• Either a new law should be promulgated as directed by the High Court of Delhi or the
Indian Penal Code should be amended
IV: Social media:
• Legal awareness campaigns
• Dedicated Facebook page should be created
V: Awareness:
• A special helpline No. 1093 for NE people is being synchronized with helpline No. 100.

POLITY

1)Justice G. Rohini in 2017 under Article 340: Recommendations:

A fixed quota of between 8 to 10 percent within the 27 percent OBC quota for almost 1900 castes
from
among the central list of 2,633 OBCs.
 o These 1900 castes constitute about 2-3 per cent of the total seats and won’t affect other groups
significantly but may create substantial opportunities for them.
• Sub-categorization to be based on relative benefits among the OBCs and not on social
backwardness, this
may help deprived sections to be able to avail of their fair share of the quota.

Criminalization of Politics
The Santhanam Committee Report 1963
• It referred to political corruption as more dangerous than corruption of officials and
recommended for Vigilance Commission both at the Centre and in the States.
Padmanabhaiah Committee on Police Reforms
• It found that Corruption is the root cause of both politicization and criminalization of the
police.
• Criminalization of police cannot be de-linked from criminalization of politics. It is the
criminalization of politics, which has produced and promoted a culture of impunity that
allows the wrong type of policeman to get away with his sins of commission and omission.

Privacy
Kris Gopalakrishnan headed committee- draft report on Non-Personal Data (NPD) Governance
Framework:
The draft report classifies NPD as:
Public non-personal data: All the data collected by government and its agencies
Community non-personal data: Any data identifiers about a set of people.
Private non-personal data: It can be defined as those which are produced by individuals
which can be derived from application of proprietary software or knowledge

3. Constitution => National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC)
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• Inter-State Trade and Commerce Commission should be established as given under Article
307. (statutory body)
• The Governor should be appointed by a committee comprising the Prime Minister, Home
Minister, Speaker of Lok Sabha, and the Chief Minister of the state concerned.
• Management of disasters and emergencies should be included in the Concurrent List of
the Seventh Schedule.
• The Inter-State Council order of 1990 should clearly specify the matters that should form part
of the consultations.

4. Centre-State Relations
01. Sarkaria Commission
 order of preference the Governor should follow in selecting a CM in such a situation
02. Punchhi Commission
• Laid down some guidelines to be followed in the appointment of a chief minister by a
governor.
• It also said the governor should invite the leader of “a pre-poll alliance commanding the
largest number” or the “largest single party” to form the government in case no party or
pre-poll coalition has a clear majority.
• Centre should consult states before introducing bills on items in the concurrent list
through the inter-state council.
• The Doctrine of Pleasure should be deleted from the Constitution regarding appointment of
governor.

5. Judiciary
Justice Shri Krishna Committee on Alternate Dispute Redressal --> To prepare a road map to
make India a hub of international arbitration.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• Creation of the post of an ‘international law adviser’ (ILA) to advise the government on
international legal disputes, particularly BIT disputes.
• It recommended hiring of external lawyersand appointing counsels having expertise in
BITs to boost the government’s legal expertise.
• It called for the creation of designated fund to fight BIT disputes.
Justice Malimath Committee on Criminal Justice System
.....

6. Legislation - Ramanujam Committee

Examine Acts and Rules which may have become obsolete within the last 10 to 15 years.
• Identified around 1,700 old statutes that were ready for repeal.
• Brought out a database of around 2700 existing Union level statutes. Of these, considerable
number of laws were enacted between 1834 and 1949 i.e. before the Constitution came into being.

7. NGO and SHGs

01. Vijaya Kumar Committee - To ensure the “light regulation” of non-governmental
organisations (NGOs) so as to reduce their harassment.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• Steps must be taken to “reduce the need for a physical interface between NGOs and
public officials acting under the IT Act and the FCRA, along with reduction in mutual
distrust.
• A nodal body to oversee the various interfaces between NGOs and the government, and
has recommended that NITI Aayog be vested with the power
 • Details of NGOs should be available as searchable database information.
02. Malegam Committee on Microfinance
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• A separate category of non-banking finance companies was created for those operating
in the microfinance sector to be designated as NBFC-MFI.

8. Electoral Reforms
01.Law Comm - Justice A.P. Shah Report on Electoral Reforms
Examined issues related to:
(i) disqualification of candidates with criminal background, and
(ii) consequences of filing false affidavits.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• Complete state funding
• Type of election should be hybrid Pattern with both FPTP and proportional
representation
• Define paid news and political advertisement in RPA
02. Dinesh Goswami Committee on Electoral Reform
RECOMMENDATIONS:
The question of disqualification of members should not be decided by the speaker or the
Chairman of the concerned House --> BUT EC

ECONOMY

9. Corporate Governance
01. Uday Kotak Committe
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• A listed company should have at least six directors on its board.
• Number of independent directors on a company board be increased from 33% to 50%.
The panel has suggested at least 1 independent director be a woman.
• Detailed reasons would need to be furnished when an independent director resigns.

10. Social Sector

01. Lakdawala Committee on Poverty estimation
• Consumption expenditure should be calculated based on calorie consumption as earlier.
• State specific poverty lines should be constructed and these should be updated using the
CPI-IW in urban areas and CPI-AL in rural areas.
02. Tendulkar Committee to Address the shortcomings of the previous methods of estimation of
 poverty line
• A shift away from calorie consumption based poverty estimation
• A uniform poverty line basket (PLB) across rural and urban India
• A change in the price adjustment procedure to correct spatial and temporal issues with price
adjustment
• Incorporation of private expenditure on health and education while estimating poverty.
03. C. Rangrajan Committe to To review the Methodology for Measurement of Poverty
• The daily per capita expenditure is pegged at 32 rupees for the rural poor and at 47
rupees for the urban poor.
• Poverty line based on the average monthly per capita expenditure is pegged at 972
rupees for rural India and 1407 rupees for urban India.
• The percentage of people below the poverty line in 2011-12 was 30.95 in rural area and 26.4
in urban areas

11. Banking and Finance

01. Bimal Jalan Committe to review the current economic capital framework - (RBI ka paisa)
• International practices: The Committee observed that there is no internationally laid down
risk capital framework for central banks.
• It noted that the RBI’s central banking economic capital, at 25% of its balance sheet, is the
fifth largest amongst central banks.
• Risk assessment: The central bank is exposed to different types of risks. These include
(i) market risk arising out of currency, gold or interest rate fluctuations,
(ii) credit risk,
(iii) operational risks arising from managing multi-currency portfolios across multiple
legal jurisdictions, and
(iv) contingent risks (monetary and financial stability risks).
05. Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission byJustice B. N. Srikrishna - To
comprehensively review and redraw the legislations governing India’s financial system
Move away from the current sector-wise regulation to a system
where the RBI regulates the banking and payments system and
Unified Financial Agency subsumes existing regulators like SEBI, IRDA, PFRDA and FMC,
to regulate the rest of the financial markets.
06. Nandan Nilekani Panel - To strengthen the digital payments
• Banks need to ensure that no user is more than 5 kms away from a banking access point and
if such areas are found, these must be considered ‘shadow areas’
• A local vendor be made a banking correspondent (BC) as he deals in money and stays there
at shadow area
Leave the MDR on competitive market pricing which would reduce the transaction cost for
customers.
 • The panel has also asked the government to set up special risk mitigation and complaint
registering digital portals
07. HR Khan Committee - To suggest measures for revitalizing and streamlining FPIs.
• To streamline the regulations to encourage foreign inflows in the Indian market, the Group
has proposed fast track on-boarding procedure for investors, apart from a simplified
registration process.
• It has proposed a liberalised investment cap under a review of prohibited sectors for
foreign investment for FPIs, restriction on Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) for investment in
corporate debt securities, and permitting FPIs for off-market transactions.
08. Nachiket Mor Committee for Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income
Households”
• Providing a universal bank account to all Indians above the age of 18 years by January 1,
2016
• Adjusted 50 % PSLtarget with adjustments for sectors and regions based on difficulty in
lending.
• setting up of 'Payments Bank' to cater to the lower income groups and small businesses.
09. Steering Committee on Fintech Related Issue : Subhash Chandra Garg
• Regulators should introduce mechanisms like sandbox to spur innovation.
• Fintech be utilised for:
o creating a credit registry for farmers with artificial intelligence and machine learning
based credit scoring mechanism to reduce risks of lending
o creating a common digital platform for all small savings products, all micro-pension
and government pension schemes, through which pension subscribers can subscribe to
schemes through various modes of digital payments.
10. Ratan Watal Panel on Digital Payments
• Make regulation of payments independent from the purview of the Reserve Bank of India
(RBI)
• Update the current Payments and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
Allow cryptocurrency
11. K.V. Kamath Committee on Restructuring of corporate Loans
• Graded approach to restructuring of stressed accounts based on severity of the impact on
the borrowers- Banks can classify the accounts into mild, moderate and severe as
recommended by the committee.
• Five financial parameters to gauge the health of sectors facing difficulties
o total outside liabilities to adjusted tangible networth
o total debt to earnings before interest
etc....
12. Taxation
01. Akhilesh Ranjan Task Force on Direct Tax Law (pehle Arbind Modi )
• Increasing thethreshold limit for opening cases(Currently it is Rs 1 lakh and above)
• Assessment proceedings should be made faceless
• Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the tax-compliance and administration process.
02. Akhilesh Ranjan Committee on Taxation of E-Commerce
• Equalization Levy may be imposed on payments made by non-residents for specified
services.
• The definition of business connection in section 9 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 may be
expanded to include the concept of significant economic presence.
03. Parthasarathi Shome commission on Tax Administration Reforms Commission
• A minimum of10% of the tax administration’s budget must be spent on taxpayer services.
• CBDT and CBEC should be fully integrated in 10 years
• There should be a focus on specialisation, including lateral entry of specialists in
theBoards.
Indian Revenue Service (IRS) officers should specialise in a particular ta administration areas.
• Retrospective legislation should be avoided.
• The Permanent Account Number (PAN) should be developed as a Common Business
Identification Number (CBIN), to be used by other departments such as customs, excise, etc.

13. Employment
01. Sharda Prasad Committe To rationalise the Sector Skill Councils (SSCs) and improve 'Skill
India'.
• School reforms - Concrete steps have been suggested to have a separate stream for
vocational education within the secondary education setup.
• Creating vocational schools and colleges for upward mobility, and having a Central
university to award degrees and diplomas has also been proposed.
02. Kelkar Committee on Public Private Partnership
• Establishment of independent regulating agencies.
• An amendment in the Prevention of corruption act to differentiate between errors of
judgement and willful corrupt practices.
• To provide for monetisation of completed projects.
• Create a procedure to resume stuck projects.
• Creation of an inbuilt mechanism for renegotiation.
• Constitution of an Infrastructure PPP Project Review Committee (IPRC) comprising an
expert in finance and economics, law, and at least one related technocrat with not less than 15
years experience.
• Constitution of an Infrastructure PPP Adjudication Tribunal (IPAT) headed by a former
 Supreme Court/ High Court Judge with at a minimum of one technical and financial expert
each as members.
03. Baba Kalyani Committee : Evaluate the SEZ policy and make it WTO compatible
• It has recommended continuation of tax incentives, migration of SEZs to employment and
economic enclaves, and creation of link infrastructure and maintenance for enclaves.
• incentives should be linked with employment, investment, technology/innovation, and
infrastructure status for these zones to improve access to financing.
04. S. Sundar Committee on Road Safety and Traffic Management
• Create Road Safety Boards to reduce accidents.
• Standardize reporting of accidents and enhance preparedness through better logistics.
• Ban on the sale of alcohol on highways (both state and national) to restrain drunk driving.
05. K Rajeswara Rao Committee to Review National Mineral Policy 2008 (hence replaced by
National Mineral Policy 2019)
• Encouragement of merger and acquisition of mining entities
• Transfer of mining leases and creation of dedicated mineral corridors to boost private
sector mining areas.
• The 2019 policy proposes to grant status of industry to mining activity to boost

Agriculture
01. Swaminathan Committee - National Commission for farmers
I. LAND REFORMS:
• Reforms in tenancy laws, land leasing, distribution of ceiling surplus land and
wasteland
• Providing adequate access to common property and wasteland resources, and the
consolidation of holdings.
• Prevent diversion of prime agricultural land and forest to the corporate sector for
nonagricultural purposes.
• landless labour households should be provided with at least 1 acre per household,
which will give them space for home gardens and animal rearing.
II. WATER:
• A water literacy movement should be launched
• A Pani Panchayatin every village can help in getting the available water distributed on
an equitable basis.
• In drought-prone areas, a Drought Codemay be introduced which details the action
needed to minimize the impact of an adverse monsoon and maximize the benefits of a
good season.
III. Livestock:
• Establish Livestock Feed and Fodder Corporations at the State Level for ensuring
availability of quality fodder and feed.
 • A National Livestock Development Councilmay be established to give integrated
attention to all aspects of agriculture
IV. Fisheries:
• “Fish for All Training and Capacity Building Centres” must be established
• Quality literacyto safeguard the harvested fish
• Inland aquaculture
• Artificial coral reefsto compensate for the loss of natural coral reefs to revive the fish
catch.
V. Bioresources:
• Preserving traditional rights of access to biodiversity
• Genome Clubs can be organized in rural schools and colleges for imparting an
understanding of the importance of genetic resources conservation.
• A genetic and legal literacy movementmust be launched in areas rich in
agrobiodiversities such as the North East, Western and the Eastern Ghats and the Arid
Zone.
02. Ashok Dalwai Committee on Doubling Farmers Income
• Strengthening linkages with MSMEs.
• Demand Driven Agricultural Logistics System for post-production operations such as
produce aggregation, transportation, warehousing, etc.
• Developing Hub and Spoke System at back-end as well as front-end to facilitate and
promote a new market architecture.
• Marketing Intelligence System to provide demand led decision making support system.
• Agricultural Value System (AVS) as an integration of the supply chain and to drive market
led value system – District level, State level and National Level.
• Farmer-centric National Agricultural Marketing System by restructuring for a new market
architecture.
• Research & Development and ICTdesigned to support the Doubling of Farmers’ Income.
4. Dr. TQ Haque Committee
Model agricultural land leasing act 2016 proposed by committee.
• Legalise land leasing to promote agricultural efficiency, equity and power reduction.
This will also help in much needed productivity improvement in agriculture as well
as occupational mobility of the people and rapid rural change.
• Lease holder may receive institutional loan, insurance and disaster relief so that he
may invest more and more in agriculture.
• Allow automatic resumption of land after the agreed lease period without requiring
any minimum area of land to be left with the tenant even after termination of tenancy, as
laws of some states require.
• In order to resolve the dispute between the landlord and lease holder, the provision of
“Special Land Tribunal” has been made in the Civil Court.
WATER
03. Mihir Shah Committee
• National Water Commission has been proposed which will subsume the Central Water
Commission (CWC) and Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)
• View groundwater and surface water in an integrated, holistic manner.
• Focus on river basins which must form the fundamental units for management of
water.

FCI- PDS
05. Shanta Kumar Committee on FCI Reforms
• Reduce the number of beneficiariesunder the Food Security Act—from the current 67 per cent
to 40 per cent.
• Allow private players to procure and store food grains.
• Stop bonuses (SAP) on minimum support price (MSP) paid by states to farmers
• Adopt cash transfer system (DBT) so that MSP and food subsidy amounts can be directly
transferred to the accounts of farmers and food security beneficiaries.
• FCI should involve itself in full-fledged grains procurement only in those states which are poor in
procurement.
• Deregulate fertiliser sector and provide cash fertiliser subsidy of Rs 7,000 per hectare
to farmers.
• Outsource of stocking of grains: The committee calls for setting up of negotiable warehouse
receipt (NWR) system
• Clear and transparent liquidation policy for buffer stock

Issues with strategic disinvestment:

Rangarajan Committee 1993 report
mere change of ownership from public to private does not guarantee the efficiency.
o Success of privatization depends upon the transparency of the process and the
effectiveness of the regulators.
o In absence of independent and effective regulator, it might lead to monopoly and
oligopolistic practices by corporates

Banking sector:
R Gandhi Committee for co-operative banking -->To protect the interest of depositors
RBI be given more powers over cooperative banks.
• Empowering the regulator to wind up and liquidate banks without involving other
 regulators under the
cooperative societies’ laws.
• RBI must improve financial awareness among the poor who deposit money in UCBs and
empower them to take informed decisions.
Madhava Rao Committee
audit of UCB(urban cooperative bank) should be done by independent external auditors like
commercial banks and be inspected likewise.

Logistics:

RAILWAYS
Bibek Debroy Committee in 2015
unification of services into 2
private entry into running both freight and passenger trains should be allowed.
o Idea was to bring in competition with Indian railways via “liberalisation and not
privatisation” in order to allow entry of new operators “to encourage growth and
improve services.”
o It also noted that passengers were willing to pay more, if they had guaranteed and
better quality of travel and ease of access.
Rakesh Mohan Committee
Prakash tandon

Capital account convertibility:

Tarapore Committee--> towards full Capital Account Convertibility but on following
preconditions:
• Gross fiscal deficit to GDP ratio has to come down to 3.5% by 1999-2000.
• Inflation rate should remain between an average 3-5% for the 3-year period 1997-2000.
• Gross NPAs of the public sector banking system needs to be brought down.

15. Industry
01. Surjit Bhalla Committe On Trade and Policy recommendations for boosting India’s share and
importance in global merchandise and services trade.
• It recommended“Elephant Bonds” as a specialised security product providing funds towards
Long Term Infrastructure.
• It also made recommendations for reforms in Financial Services Framework for making
India a Preferred Destination for financial services.
02. Uk Sinha Panel On MSMEs
• Form a Rs. 5,000 crore stressed asset fund for MSMEs ...
• Banks that wish to specialise in MSME lending, their sub-targets for farm loans under the
 priority sector lender could be waived off, and instead can be given a target for loans to the
SME sector. The targets could be of 50% of the net bank credit for universal banks and 80% for
small finance banks.

16. Science and Technology

01. Srikrishna Committee Report on Data Protection
• All firms and agencies will have to appoint data protection officers
• Data protection officers act as a point of contact for the individuals for raising grievances
• Individual will have right to withdraw consent
• Firms will have to ensure atleast one data copy of personal data to be stored in india
• Critical personal data shall only be processed in a server or data centre located in india
• Penalties range from 2%-4% of a company’s worldwide turnover or fines between 5cr and 15
cr whichever higher
02. V Kamakoti Panel on Artificial Intelligence
To ensure “India’s economic transformation".
• Data ombudsman: to address data-related issues and grievances.
• Setting up National Artificial Intelligence Mission (N-AIM)
03. Subhash Chandra Garg Committee on Cryptocurrencies
• Ban on all forms of private cryptocurrencies.
• RBI and the government may look at the introduction of an official digital currency in
the country.
• The panel backed use of distributed ledger technology (DLT) or blockchain for selected
areas.
• Data localisationrequirements proposed in the draft Data Protection Bill may need to be
applied carefully, including with respect to the storage of critical personal data so as to
ensure that there is no adverse impact on Indian firms and Indian consumers who may stand
to benefit from DLT-based services.

17. Environment
01. Gadgil Vs Kasturirangan Committee on Western Ghats

Gadgil kasturirangan

1) Designated the entire hill range as an only 33% (i.e. 60,000 sq. km.) of the
Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA). total area be brought under ESA

2) It asked for a bottom to top approach

(right from Gram sabhas) rather than a
top to bottom approach
02. Shailesh Nayak Committee on Coastal Zone Regulation
• Ecologically sensitive areas (ESAs) in CRZ I should be identified and delineated.
• Reducing the ‘No Development Zone’ (NDZ) as specified in the CRZ.
• Tourism development activities should be permitted in the NDZs.
• The central government’s role in coastal areas ought to be restricted to regulating
environmentally-sensitive areas and environmental clearances.
• States should prepare coastal zone management plans (CZMPs) for which the committee had
provided guidelines.

Security
01. Dhirendra Singh Committee- Defence Procurement Procedure
• Strategic partnership model- model should be based on “strategic needs, quality criticality
and cost competitiveness.
• Industry Friendly Procurement System
• Emphasis on Greater Indigenisation
• Human Resource Development
03. Kargil Review Committee "to examine the sequence of events of Kargil war and make
recommendations for the future"
• Priority should be given for equipping infantrymen with superior light weight weapons,
equipment and clothing suited to the threats they are required to face in alpine conditions.
• It recommended the publication of a White Paper on the Indian nuclear weapons
programme.
• Government must review its information policy and develop structures and processes to
keep the public informed on vital national issues
• Facilitating defence exports, the better utilisation of highly sophisticated industrial
capacity and related manpower.
04. Jeevan Reddy Committee On AFSPA
• AFSPA should be repealed and appropriate provisions should be inserted in the Unlawful
Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967
• The UAPA should be modified to clearly specify the powers of the armed forces and
paramilitary forces
• grievance cells should be set up in each district where the armed forces are deployed.

Border security:
Madhukar Gupta Committee on border protection
• It has given separate recommendations forfour states as each of them has different
topography and problems.
 strengthen border protection and address vulnerabilities in fencingalong the Indo-
Pakistan border.
This led to implementation of CIBMS in 2015.
• It has flagged gaps and vulnerabilities in border fencing and suggested use of technology
and heightened vigil on riverine frontiers.
Shekatkar Committee:
3 recommendations were related to speeding up road construction, leading to socio
economic
development in border areas.
• Outsourcing road construction work beyond optimal capacity of Border Roads
Organisation (BRO).
Engineering Procurement Contract (EPC) mode is made mandatory for execution of all
works costing more than Rs 100 crore.
• Introduction of modern construction plants, equipment and machinery by delegating
enhanced procurement powersfrom Rs 7.5 crore to Rs 100 crore to BRO, for domestic
and foreign procurements.
Land acquisition and all statutory clearances like forest and environmental clearance
are made part of approval of Detailed Project Report. Work can be awarded only after
at least 90% of statutory clearances have been obtained.

19. Probity in Governance

01. Ethics in Governance - 2nd Arc Report

Chairman: Veerappa Moily
Key lines about committee:
For preparing a detailed blueprint for revamping the public administrative system.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• A system for partial state funding should be introduced in order to reduce the scope of
illegitimate and unnecessary funding of expenditure for elections.
• The issue of disqualification of members on grounds of defection should be decided by